60. Chiefly Metrimonial The grand half-yearly festival, holden by Doctor and Mrs. Blimber, on which occasion they requested the pleasure of the company of every young gentleman pursuing his studies in that genteel establishment, at an early party, when the hour was half-past seven o'clock, and when the object was quadrills, had duly taken place about this time, and the young gentleman, with no unbecoming demonstrations of levity, had betaken themselves in a state of scholastic repletion to their own homes. Mr. Skeettles had repaired abroad, permanently to grace the establishment of his father Sir Barnett Skeettles, whose popular manners had obtained him a diplomatic appointment, the honors of which were discharged by himself and Lady Skeettles, to the satisfaction even of their own countrymen and countrywomen, which was considered almost miraculous. Mr. Tozer, now a young man of lofty stature, in Wellington Boots, was so extremely full of antiquity, as to be nearly on a par with the genuine ancient Roman in his knowledge of English, a triumph that affected his good parents with the tenderest emotions, and caused the father and mother of Mr. Briggs, whose learning, like ill-arranged luggage, was so tightly packed, that he couldn't get at anything he wanted, to hide their diminished heads. The fruit laboriously gathered from the tree of knowledge by this latter young gentleman, in fact, had been subjected to so much pressure, that it had become a kind of intellectual Norfolk biffen, and had nothing of its original form or flavour remaining. Master Bithesdon, now, on whom the forcing system had the happier and not uncommon effect of leaving no impression whatever, when the forcing apparatus ceased to work, was in a much more comfortable plight, and being then on ship-board bound for Bengal, found himself forgetting, with such admirable rapidity, that it was doubtful whether his declensions of noun-substantives would hold out to the end of the voyage. When Dr. Blimber, in pursuance of the usual course, would have said to the young gentleman on the morning of the party, Gentlemen, we will resume our studies on the twenty-fifth of next month. He departed from the usual course, and said, Gentlemen, when our friend Sincinatus retired to his farm, he did not present to the Senate any Roman who he sought to nominate as his successor. But there is a Roman here," said Dr. Blimber, laying his hand on the shoulder of Bistofida B.A. Adolescents, imprimis, gravis et doctis, gentlemen, whom I, a retiring Sincinatus, wish to present to my little Senate as their future dictator. Gentlemen, we will resume our studies on the twenty-fifth of next month, under the auspices of Mr. Feder B.A. At this, which Dr. Blimber had previously called upon all the parents, and her vainly explained, the young gentleman cheered. And Mr. Tozer, on behalf of the rest, instantly presented the doctor with a silver ink-stand, in a speech containing very little of the mother tongue, but fifteen quotations from the Latin and seven from the Greek, which moved the younger of the young gentleman to discontent an envy. They remarking, O, R, it was all very well for old Tozer, but they didn't subscribe money for old Tozer to show off with, they supposed. Did they? What business was it of old Tozer's more than anybody else's? It wasn't his ink-stand. Why couldn't he leave the boy's property alone? And murmuring other expressions of their dissatisfaction, which seemed to find a greater relief in calling him old Tozer than in any other available vent. Not a word had been said to the young gentleman, nor a hint dropped, of anything like a contemplated marriage between Mr. Feder, B.A., and the fair Cornelia Blimber. Dr. Blimber especially seemed to take pains to look as if nothing would surprise him more, but it was perfectly well known to all the young gentlemen nevertheless, and when they departed for the society of their relations and friends, they took leave of Mr. Feder with awe. Mr. Feder's most romantic visions were fulfilled. The doctor had determined to paint the house outside, and to put it in thorough repair, and to give up the business, and to give up Cornelia. The painting and repairing began upon the very day of the young gentleman's departure, and now, behold, the wedding morning was come, and Cornelia in a new pair of spectacles was waiting to be led to the hymenial altar. The doctor with his learned legs, and Mrs. Blimber in a lilac bonnet, and Mr. Feder, B.A., with his long knuckles and his bristly head of hair, and Mr. Feder's brother, the reverend Alfred Feder, M.A., who was to perform the ceremony, were all assembled in the drawing-room, and Cornelia, with her orange flowers and bridesmaids, had just come down, and looked, as of old, a little squeezed in appearance, but very charming, when the door opened and the weak-eyed young man, in a loud voice, made the following proclamation. Mr. M. Mrs. Toots! Upon which there entered Mr. Toots, grown extremely stout, and on his arm, a lady very handsomely and becomingly dressed, with very bright black eyes. Mrs. Blimber, said Mr. Toots, allow me to present my wife. Mrs. Blimber was delighted to receive her. Mrs. Blimber was a little condescending, but extremely kind.  My dear! ramanstrated Mrs. Toots.  Mrs. Toots laughed merrily, and Mrs. Blimber led her to Cornelia. Mr. Toots, having paid his respects in that direction, and having saluted his old preceptor, who said, in allusion to his conjugal state, Well, Toots, well, Toots, so you are one of us, are you, Toots? retired with Mr. Fede B.A. into a window. Mr. Fede B.A., being in great spirits, made a spar at Mr. Toots, and tapped him skillfully with the back of his hand on the breastbone. Well, old Buck, said Mr. Fede with a laugh. Well, here we are, taken in and done for, eh? Fede, returned Mr. Toots, I give you joy, if you're as perfectly blissful in a matrimonial life as I am myself, you'll have nothing to desire. I don't forget my old friends, you see, said Mr. Fede. I ask him to my wedding, Toots. Fede replied Mr. Toots gravely, The fact is that there were several circumstances which prevented me from communicating with you until after my marriage had been solemnised. In the first place, I had made a perfect brute of myself to you on the subject of Miss Dombie, and I felt that if you were asked to any wedding of mine, you would naturally expect that it was with Miss Dombie, which involved explanations that upon my word and honour at that crisis would have knocked me completely over. In the second place, our wedding was strictly private, there being nobody present but one friend of myself and Mrs. Toots's, who is a captain in, eh, I don't exactly know in what, said Mr. Toots, but is of no consequence. I hope, Fede, that in writing a statement of what had occurred before Mrs. Toots and myself went abroad upon our foreign tour, I fully discharged the offices of friendship. Toots, my boy, said Mr. Fede, shaking his hands. I was joking. And now, Fede, said Mr. Toots, I should be glad to know what you think of my union. Capital, returned Mr. Fede. You think it's capital, do you, Fede? Said Mr. Toots solemnly. Then how capital must it be to me? For you can never know what an extraordinary woman that is. Mr. Fede was willing to take it for granted. Mr. Toots shook his head, and wouldn't hear of that being possible. You see, said Mr. Toots, what I wanted in a wife was, in short, was sense. Money, Fede, I had. Sense, I—I had not, particularly. Mr. Fede murmured, Oh, yes, you had, Toots. But Mr. Toots said, No, Fede, I had not. Why should I disguise it? I had not. I knew that sense was there. Said Mr. Toots, stretching out his hand towards his wife. In perfect heaps. I had no relation to object or be offended on the score of station, for I had no relation. I have never had anybody belonging to me, but my guardian, and him, Fede, I have always considered as a pirate and a corsair. Therefore, you know it was not likely, said Mr. Toots, that I should take his opinion. Now, said Mr. Fede, accordingly, resumed Mr. Toots, I acted on my own, bright was the day on which I did so, Fede. Nobody but myself can tell what the capacity of that woman's mind is. If ever the rights of women and all that kind of thing are properly attended to, it will be through her powerful intellect. Susan, my dear, said Mr. Toots, looking abruptly out of the windows, pray, do not exert yourself. My dear, said Mrs. Toots, I was only talking. But my love, said Mr. Toots, pray, do not exert yourself. You really must be careful. Do not, my dear, Susan, exert yourself. She's so easily excited, said Mr. Toots, apart to Mrs. Blimber, and then she forgets the medical man all together. Mrs. Blimber was impressing on Mrs. Toots the necessity of caution, when Mr. Fede B.A. offered her his arm and led her down to the carriages that were waiting to go to church. Dr. Blimber escorted Mrs. Toots. Mr. Toots escorted the fair bride around whose lambent spectacles and little bridesmaids fluttered like moths. Mr. Fede's brother, Mr. Alfred Fede M.A., had already gone on in advance to assume his official functions. The ceremony was performed in an admirable manner. Cornelia, with her crisp little curls, went in, as the chicken might have said, with great composure, and Dr. Blimber gave her away like a man who had quite made up his mind to it. The gorsy little bridesmaids appeared to suffer most. Mrs. Blimber was affected, but gently so, and told the reverend Mr. Alfred Fede M.A. on the way home that if she could only have seen Cicero in his retirement at Tuscalum she would not have had a wish now ungratified. There was a breakfast afterwards limited to the same small party at which the spirits of Mr. Fede B.A. were tremendous, and so communicated themselves to Mrs. Toots that Mr. Toots was several times heard to observe across the table. My dear Susan, don't exert yourself. The best of it was that Mr. Toots felt it incumbent on him to make a speech, and in spite of a whole code of telegraphic dissuasions from Mrs. Toots appeared on his legs for the first time in his life. I really, said Mr. Toots, in this house where whatever was done to me in the way of any mental confusion sometimes, which is of no consequence, and I impute to nobody, I was always treated like one of Dr. Blimber's family and had a desk to myself for a considerable period, cannot allow my friend Fede to be, Mrs. Toots suggested, married? It may not be inappropriate to the occasion or altogether uninteresting, said Mr. Toots with a delighted face, to observe that my wife is a most extraordinary woman and would do this much better than myself. Allow my friend Fede to be married, especially to, Mrs. Toots suggested, to Miss Blimber, to Mrs. Fede, my love, said Mr. Toots in a subdued tone of private discussion, whom God hath joined, you know, let no man, don't you know, I cannot allow my friend Fede to be married, especially to Mrs. Fede, without proposing their toasts and may, said Mr. Toots, fixing his eyes on his wife as if for inspiration in a high flight, may the torch of hymn be the beacon of joy and may the flowers we have this day strewed in their path be the banishers of gloom. Dr. Blimber, who had a taste for metaphor, appeased with this and said, Very good Toots, very well said indeed Toots, and nodded his head and petted his hands. Mr. Fede made in reply a comic speech checkered with sentiment. Mr. Alfred Fede M.A. was afterwards very happy on Dr. and Mrs. Blimber. Mr. Fede B.A. scarcely less so on the gauzy little bridesmaids. Dr. Blimber then, in a sonorous voice, delivered a few thoughts in the pastoral style relative to the rushes, among which it was the intention of himself and Mrs. Blimber to dwell and the bee that would hum around their cot. Shortly after which, as the doctor's eyes were twinkling in a remarkable manner, and his son-in-law had already observed that time was made for slaves and had inquired whether Mrs. Toots sang, the discreet Mrs. Blimber dissolved the sitting and sent Cornelia away, full and comfortable in a post-chase with the man of her heart. Mr. and Mrs. Toots withdrew to the Bedford. Mrs. Toots had been there before in old times under her maiden name of Nipper, and there found a letter which it took Mr. Toots such an enormous time to read that Mrs. Toots was frightened. My dear Susan! said Mr. Toots, fright is worse than exertion! Pray be calm! Who is it from? asked Mrs. Toots. Why, my love, said Mr. Toots, it's from Captain Gills. Do not excite yourself. Walters and Miss Dombie are expected home. My dear, said Mrs. Toots, raising herself quickly from the sofa, very pale, don't try to deceive me, for it's no use. They come home. I see it plainly in your face. She's a most extraordinary woman, exclaimed Mr. Toots, in rapturous admiration. You are perfectly right, my love. They have come home. Miss Dombie has seen her father, and they are reconciled. Reconciled? cried Mrs. Toots, clapping her hands. My dear, said Mr. Toots, pray do not exert yourself. Do remember the medical man. Captain Gills says, at least he don't say, but I imagine, from what I can make out, he means that Miss Dombie has brought her unfortunate father away from his old house to one where she and Walters are living, and that he is lying very ill there, supposed to be dying, and that she attends upon him night and day. Mrs. Toots began to cry quite bitterly. My dearest Susan, replied Mr. Toots, do, do, if you possibly can, remember the medical man. If you can't, it's of no consequence, but do endeavour to. His wife, with her old manor, suddenly restored, so pathetically entreated him to take her to her precious pet, her little mistress, her own darling, and the like, and Mr. Toots, whose sympathy and admiration were of the strongest kind, consented from his very heart of hearts, and they agreed to depart immediately and present themselves in answer to the captain's letter. Now some hidden sympathies of things, or some coincidences, had that day brought the captain himself, toward whom Mr. and Mrs. Toots were soon journeying, into the flowery train of wedlock, not as a principal, but as an accessory. It happened accidentally, and thus. The captain, having seen Florence and her baby for a moment, to his unbounded content, and having had a long talk with Walter, turned out for a walk, feeling it necessary to have some solitary meditation on the changes of human affairs, and to shake his glazed hat profoundly over the fall of Mr. Donby, for whom the generosity and simplicity of his nature were awakened in a lively manner. The captain would have been very low indeed, on the unhappy gentleman's account, but for the recollection of the baby, which afforded him such intense satisfaction, whenever it arose, that he laughed aloud as he went along the street, and indeed more than once in a sudden impulse of joy threw up his glazed hat and caught it again, much to the amazement of the spectators. The rapid alternations of light and shade, to which these two conflicting subjects of reflection exposed the captain, were so very trying to his spirits, that he felt a long walk necessary to his composure. And as there is a great deal in the influence of harmonious associations, he chose, for the scene of this walk, his old neighbourhood, down among the mast, ore, and block-makers, ship-biscuit-bakers, coal-whippers, pitch-cattles, sailors, canals, docks, swing-bridges, and other soothing objects. These peaceful scenes, and particularly the region of Limehouse whole, and their abouts, were so influential in calming the captain, that he walked on with restored tranquility, and was, in fact, regaling himself under his breath with the ballad of lovely peg, when, on turning a corner, he was suddenly transfixed and rendered speechless by a triumphant possession that he beheld advancing towards him. This awful demonstration was headed by that determined woman, Mrs. Meck Stinger, who, preserving accountants of inexorable resolution, and wearing conspicuously attached to her obdurate bosom a stupendous watch and appendages which the captain recognised at a glance as the property of Bunnsby, no other than that sagacious mariner. He, with the distraught and melancholy visage of a captive born into a foreign land, meekly resigning himself to her will. Behind them appeared the young Meck Stingers in a body, exulting. Behind them two ladies of a terrible and steadfast aspect leading between them a short gentleman in a tall hat who likewise exalted. In the wake appeared Bunnsby's boy bearing umbrellas. The whole were in good marching order and a dreadful smartness that pervaded the party would have sufficiently announced if the intrepid countenances of the ladies had been wanting that it was a procession of sacrifice and that the victim was Bunnsby. The first impulse of the captain was to run away. This also appeared to be the first impulse of Bunnsby, hopeless as its execution must have proved. High of recognition proceeding from the party and Alexander Meck Stinger running up to the captain with open arms the captain struck. Well, Captain Cuttle said Mrs. Meck Stinger this is indeed a meeting. I bear no malice now, Captain Cuttle. You needn't fear that I am going to cast any reflections. I hope to go to the altar in another spirit. Here Mrs. Meck Stinger paused and drawing herself up and inflating her bosom with a long breath said an illusion to the victim my asband, Captain Cuttle. The abject Bunnsby looked neither to the right nor to the left nor at his bride nor at his friend but straight before him at nothing. The captain putting out his hand Bunnsby put out his but in answer to the captain's greeting spake no word. Captain Cuttle said Mrs. Meck Stinger if you would wish to heal up past animosities and to see the last of your friend my asband as a single person we should be happy of your company to chapel. Here is a lady here said Mrs. Meck Stinger turning round to the more intrepid of the two my bridesmaid that will be glad of your protection Captain Cuttle. The short gentleman in the tall hat who had appeared was the husband of the other lady and who evidently exalted at the reduction of a fellow creature to his own condition gave place at this and resigned the lady to Captain Cuttle. The lady immediately seized him and observing that there was no time to lose gave the word in a strong voice to advance. The captain's concern for his friend not unmingled at first with some concern for himself for a shadowy terror that he might be married by violence possessed him until his knowledge of the service came to his relief and remembering the legal obligation of saying I will he felt himself personally safe so long as he resolved if at any question distinctly to reply I won't threw him into a profuse perspiration and rendered him for a time insensible to the movements of the procession and performed a feature and to the conversation of his fair companion but as he became less agitated he learnt from this lady that she was the widow of a Mr. Bocum who had held an employment in the Custom House that she was the dearest friend of Mrs. Max Stinger whom she considered a pattern for her sex that she had often heard of the captain and now hoped he had repented of his past life that she trusted Mr. Bunsby knew what a blessing he had gained but that she feared men seldom did know what such blessings were until they had lost them with more to the same purpose all this time the captain could not but observe that Mrs. Bocum kept her eyes steadily on the bridegroom and that whenever they came near a court or other narrow turning which appeared favourable for flight she was on the alert to cut him off if he attempted escape the other lady too as well as her husband, the short gentleman with the tall hat, were plainly on guard according to a preconcerted plan and the wretched man was so secured by Mrs. Max Stinger that any effort at self-preservation by flight was rendered futile this indeed was apparent to the mere populace who expressed their perception of the fact by jeers and cries to all of which the dread Max Stinger was inflexibly indifferent while Bunsby himself appeared in a state of unconsciousness the captain made many attempts to accost the philosopher if only in a monosolobal or a signal but always failed in consequence of the vigilance of the guard and the difficulty at all times peculiar to Bunsby's constitution of having his attention aroused by any outward and visible sign whatever thus they approached the chapel a neat whitewashed edifice recently engaged by the Reverend Melchizedek Howler who had consented a very urgent solicitation to give the world another two years of existence but had informed his followers that then it must positively go while the Reverend Melchizedek was offering up some extemporary horizons the captain found an opportunity of growling in the bridegroom's ear what cheer my lad what cheer to which Bunsby replied with the forgetfulness of the Reverend Melchizedek which nothing but his desperate circumstances could have excused damn bad Jack Bunsby whispered the captain do you do this ear of your own free will Mr. Bunsby answered no why do you do it then my lad inquired the captain not unnaturally Bunsby still looking and always looking with an immovable countenance at the opposite side of the world made no reply why not cheer off said the captain eh whispered Bunsby with a momentary gleam of hope cheer off said the captain where is the good retorted the forlorn sage she'd kept on me again try replied the captain cheer up come now is your time to cheer off Jack Bunsby Jack Bunsby however instead of profiting by the advice said in a doleful whisper it all began in that there chest a yarn why did I ever convoy her into port that night my lad faulted the captain I thought as you had come over her not as she had come over you a man as has got such opinions as you have Mr Bunsby merely uttered a suppressed groan come said the captain nudging him with his elbow now is your time cheer off I'll cover your retreat the times are flying Bunsby it's for liberty will you once Bunsby was immovable Bunsby whispered the captain will you twice Bunsby wouldn't twice Bunsby urged the captain it's for liberty will you three times now or never Bunsby didn't then and didn't ever for Mrs. Mekstinger immediately afterwards married him one of the most frightful circumstances of the ceremony to the captain was the deadly interest exhibited therein by Julianna Mekstinger and the fatal concentration of her faculties with which that promising child already the image of her parent observed the whole proceedings the captain saw in this a succession of man traps stretching out infinitely a series of ages of oppression and coercion through which the seafaring line was doomed it was a more memorable sight than the unfinching steadiness of Mrs. Boken and the other lady the exaltation of the short gentleman in the tall hat or even the fell inflexibility of Mr. Mekstinger the master Mekstinger's understood little of what was going on and cared less being chiefly engaged during the ceremony in treading on one another's half boots but the contrast afforded by those wretched infants only set off and adorned the precocious woman in Julianna another year or two the captain thought and to lodge where that child was would be destruction the ceremony was concluded by a general spring of the young family on Mr. Bonsby whom they hailed by the endearing name of father and from whom they solicited havens these gushes of affection over the procession was about to issue forth again when it was delayed for some little time by an unexpected transport on the part of Alexander Mekstinger that dear child it seemed connecting a chapel with tombstones when it was entered for any purpose apart from the ordinary religious exercises could not be persuaded but that his mother was now to be decently interred and lost to him forever in the anguish of this conviction he screamed of the astonishing force and turned black in the face however touching these marks of attended disposition were to his mother it was not in the character of that remarkable woman to permit her recognition of them to degenerate into weakness therefore after vainly endeavouring to convince his reason by shakes pokes, ballings out and similar applications to his head she led him into the air and tried another method which was manifested to the marriage party by a quick succession of sharp sounds resembling applause and subsequently by their seeing Alexander in contact with the coolest paving stone in the court greatly flushed and loudly lamenting the procession being then in a condition to form itself once more and prepare to bring place where a marriage feast was in readiness and as it had come not without the receipt by Bunsby of many humorous congratulations from the populace on his recently acquired happiness the captain accompanied it as far as the house door but being made uneasy by the gentler manner of Mrs. Bochum who now that she was relieved from her engrossing duty for the watchfulness and alacrity of the ladies sensibly diminished when the bridegroom was safely married had greater leisure to show an interest in his behalf there left it and the captive faintly pleading in appointment and promising to return presently the captain had another cause for uneasiness in remorsefully reflecting that he had been the first means of Bunsby's entrapment though certainly without intending it and through his unbounded faith in the resources of that philosopher to go back to old Saul Gills at the wooden mitchepments and not first go round to ask how Mr. Donby was albeit the house where he lay was out of London and away on the borders of a fresh heath was quite out of the captain's course so he got a lift when he was tired and made out the journey gaily the blinds were pulled down and the house so quiet that the captain was almost afraid to knock but listening at the door he heard low voices within very near it and knocking softly was admitted by Mr. Toots Mr. Toots and his wife had in fact just arrived there having been at the mitchepments to seek him and having there obtained the address they were not so recently arrived but that Mrs. Toots had caught the baby from somebody taken it in their arms and sat down on the stairs hugging and fondling it Florence was stooping down beside her and no one could have said which Mrs. Toots was hugging and fondling most the mother or the child and her, Florence of Mrs. Toots or Mrs. Toots of her or both of the baby it was such a little group of love and agitation and is your father very ill my darling dear Miss Floyd? asked Susan he is very, very ill said Florence but Susan here you must not speak to me as you used to speak and what's this? said Florence touching her clothes in amazement your old dress dear? your old cap curls and all? Susan burst into tears and showered kisses on the little hand that had touched her so wonderingly my dear Miss Donby said Mr. Toots stepping forward I'll explain she's a most extraordinary woman there are not many to equal her she has always said she said before we were married and has said to this day that whenever you came home she'd come to you in no dress but the dress she used to serve you in for fear she might seem strange to you and you might like her less I admire the dress myself said Mr. Toots of all things I adore her in it my dear Miss Donby she'll be your maid again your nurse all that she ever was and more there's no change in her but Susan my dear said Mr. Toots who had spoken with great feeling and high admiration all I ask is that you remember the medical man and not exert yourself too much end of chapter 60 chapter 61 of Donby and Son this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recorded by Mill Nicholson Donby and Son by Charles Dickens chapter 61 Relenting Florence had need of help her father's need of it was sore and made the aid of her old friend invaluable death stood at his pillow a shade already of what he had been shattered in mind and perilously sick in body he laid his weary head down on the bed his daughter's hands prepared for him and had never raised it since she was always with him he knew her generally though in the wondering of his brain he often confused the circumstances under which he spoke to her thus he would address her sometimes as if his boy were newly dead and would tell her that although he had said nothing of her ministering at the little bedside yet he had seen it he had seen it and then would hide his face and sob and put out his worn hand sometimes he would ask her for herself where is Florence I'm here papa I'm here I don't know her he would cry we have been parted so long that I don't know her and then a staring dread would be upon him until she could soothe his perturbation and recall the tears she tried so hard at other times to dry he rambled through the scenes in old pursuits through many where Florence lost him as she listened sometimes for hours he would repeat that childish question what is money and ponder on it and think about it and reason with himself more or less connectedly for a good answer as if it had never been proposed to him until that moment he would go on with the musing repetition of the times and at every one of them would turn his head upon his pillow he would count his children one, two, stop and go back and begin again in the same way but this was when his mind was in its most distracted state in all the other phases of its illness and in those to which it was most constant it always turned on Florence what he would often as do was this he would recall that night he had so recently remembered the night on which she came down to his room and would imagine that his heart smote him and that he went out after her and up the stairs to seek her then confounding that time with the later days of the many footsteps he would be amazed at their number and begin to count them as he followed her here of a sudden was a bloody footstep going on among the others and after it he would be at intervals doors standing open through which certain terrible pictures were seen in mirrors of haggard men concealing something in their breasts still among the many footsteps and the bloody footsteps here and there was the step of Florence still she was going on before still the restless mind went following and counting ever farther ever higher that it took years to climb one day he inquired if that were not Susan who had spoken a long while ago Florence said yes dear papa and asked him would he like to see her he said very much and Susan with no little trepidation showed herself at his bedside it seemed a great relief to him he begged her not to go to understand that he forgave her what she had said and that she was to stay Florence and he were very different now he said and very happy let her look at this he meant his drawing the gentle head down to his pillow and laying it beside him he remained like this for days and weeks at length lying the faint feeble semblance of a man upon his bed and speaking in a voice so low that they could only hear him by listening very near to his lips he became quiet it was dimly pleasant to him now to lie there with the window open looking out at the summer sky and the trees and in the evening at the sunset to watch the shadows of the clouds and leaves and seemed to feel a sympathy with shadows it was natural that he should to him life and the world were nothing else it's time to show now that he thought of Florence's fatigue and often text his weakness to whisper to her go and walk my dearest in the sweet air go to your good husband one time when Walter was in his room he beckoned him to come near and to stoop down and pressing his hand whispered an assurance to him that he knew he could trust him with his child when he was dead at the sunset when Florence and Walter were sitting in his room together as he liked to see them that Florence, having her baby in her arms began in a low voice to sing to the little fellow and sang the old tune she had so often sung to the dead child he could not bear it at the time he held up his trembling hand imploring her to stop but next day he asked her to repeat it and to do so often of an evening which she did he listening with his face turned away Florence was sitting on a certain time by his window with her work-basket between her and her old attendant who was still her faithful companion he had fallen into a dose it was a beautiful evening with two hours of light to come yet and the tranquility and quiet made Florence very thoughtful she was lost to everything for the moment but the occasion when the so altered figure on the bed had first presented her to her beautiful mama when a touch from Walter leaning on the back of her chair made her start my dear said Walter there is someone downstairs who wishes to speak to you she fancied Walter looked grave and asked him if anything had happened no, no, my love said Walter I have seen the gentleman myself and spoken with him nothing has happened will you come Florence put her arm through his and confiding her father to the black-eyed Mrs. Toots who sat as brisk and smart at her work as black-eyed woman could accompanied her husband downstairs in the pleasant little parlour opening on the garden sat a gentleman who rose to advance towards her when she came in but turned off by reason of some peculiarity in his legs on the table Florence then remembered Cousin Phoenix whom she had not at first recognised in the shade of the leaves Cousin Phoenix took her hand and congratulated her upon her marriage I could have wished, I am sure said Cousin Phoenix sitting down as Florence sat to have had an earlier opportunity of offering my congratulations but in point of fact so many painful occurrences have happened treading as a man may say on one another's heels that I have been in a devil of a state myself and perfectly unfit for every description of society the only description of society I have kept has been my own and it certainly is anything but flattering to a man's good opinion of his own sources so that in point of fact he has the capacity of boring himself to a perfectly unlimited extent Florence divined from some indefinable constraint and anxiety in this gentleman's manner which was always a gentleman's in spite of the harmless little eccentricities that attached to it and from Walter's manner no less that something more immediately tending to some object was to follow this I have been mentioning to my friend Mr. Gay if I may be allowed to have the honour of calling him so said cousin Phoenix that I am rejoiced to hear that my friend Dombie is very decidedly mending I trust my friend Dombie will not allow his mind to be too much preyed upon by any mere loss of fortune I cannot say that I have ever experienced any very great loss of fortune myself never having had in point of fact any great amount of fortune to lose but as much as I could lose I have lost and I don't find that I particularly care about it I know my friend Dombie to be a devilish honourable man and it's calculated to console my friend Dombie very much to know that this is the universal sentiment even Tommy's cruiser a man of an extremely bilious habit with whom my friend Gay is probably acquainted cannot say a syllable in disputation of the fact Florence felt more than ever that there was something to come and looked earnestly for it so earnestly that cousin Phoenix answered as if she had spoken the fact is said cousin Phoenix my friend Gay and myself have been discussing the propriety of in treating a favour at your hands and that I have the consent of my friend Gay who has met me in an exceedingly kind and open manner which I am very much indebted to him to solicit it I am sensible that so amiable a lady as a lovely and accomplished daughter of my friend Dombie but I am happy to know that I am supported by my friend Gay's influence and approval as in my parliamentary time a man had a motion to make of any sort which happened seldom in those days for we were kept very tight in hand the leaders on both sides being regular Martinets which was a devilish good thing for the rank and file like myself we wanted our exposing ourselves continually as a great many of us had a feverish anxiety to do as in my parliamentary time I was about to say when a man had leave to let off any little private pop gun it was always considered a great point for him to say that he had the happiness of believing that his sentiments were not without an echo in the breast of Mr. Pitt the pilot in point of fact who had weathered the storm upon which a devilish large number of fellows immediately cheered and put him in spirits though the fact is that these fellows being under orders to cheer most excessively whenever Mr. Pitt's name was mentioned became so proficient that it always welcome and they were so entirely innocent of what was going on otherwise that it used to be commonly said a conversation brown for bottle man at the treasury board with whom the father of my friend Gay was probably acquainted for it was before my friend Gay's time that if a man had risen in his place and said that he regretted to inform the house that there was an honourable member in the last stage of convulsions in the lobby and that the honourable member's name was Pitt the approbation would have been vociferous this postponement of the point but Florence in a flutter and she looked from Cousin Phoenix to Walter in increasing agitation my love said Walter there is nothing the matter there's nothing the matter upon my honour said Cousin Phoenix and I am deeply distressed at being the means of causing you a moment's uneasiness I beg to assure you that there is nothing the matter the favour that I have to ask is simply but it really does seem so exceedingly singular that I should be in the last degree obliged my friend Gay if he would have the goodness to break the point of fact the ice said Cousin Phoenix Walter thus appealed to and appealed to no less in the look that Florence turned towards him said my dearest more than this that you will ride to London with this gentleman whom you know and my friend Gay or so I beg your pardon interrupted Cousin Phoenix and with me and make a visit somewhere to whom asked Florence looking from one to the other if I might entreat said Cousin Phoenix that you would not press for an answer to that question I would venture to take the liberty of making the request do you know Walter yes and think it right yes only because I'm sure that you would too though there may be reasons I very well understand which make it better that nothing more should be said beforehand if Papa still asleep or can spare me as awake I will go immediately said Florence and rising quietly and glancing at them with a look that was a little alarmed but perfectly confiding left the room when she came back ready to bear them company they were talking together gravely at the window and Florence could not but wonder what the topic was that had made them so well acquainted in so shorter time she did not wonder at the look of love with which her husband broke off as she entered for she never saw him but that rested on her I will leave said Cousin Phoenix a card for my friend Dombie sincerely trusting that he will pick up health and strength with every returning hour and I hope my friend Dombie will do me the favour to consider me a man who has a devilish warm admiration of his character in point of fact a British merchant and a devilish upright gentleman my place in the country is a most confounded state of dilapidation but if my friend Dombie should require a change of air and would take up his quarters there he would find it a remarkably healthy spot as it need be for its amazingly dull if my friend Dombie suffers from bodily weakness and would allow me to recommend what has frequently done myself good as a man who has been extremely queer at times and who lived pretty freely in the days when men lived very freely I should say let it be in point of fact the yoke of an egg beat up with sugar and nutmeg in a glass of sherry and taken in the morning with a slice of dry toast Jackson who kept the boxing rooms in Bond Street man of very superior qualifications with whose reputation my friend Gay is no doubt acquainted used to mention that in training for the ring he substituted rum for sherry I should recommend sherry in this case on account of my friend Dombie being in an invalided condition which might occasion rum to fly in point of fact to his head and throw him into a devil of a state of all this Cousin Phoenix delivered himself with an obviously nervous and discomposed air then giving his arm to Florence and putting the strongest possible constraint upon his willful legs which seemed determined to go out into the garden he led her to the door and handed her into a carriage that was ready for her reception Walter entered after him and they drove away their ride was six or eight miles long when they drove through certain dull and stately streets lying westward in London it was growing dusk Florence had by this time put her hand in Walter's and was looking very earnestly and with increasing agitation into every new street into which they turned when the carriage stopped at last before that house in Brook Street where her father's unhappy marriage had been celebrated Florence said Walter, what is this? Who is here? Walter cheering her and not replying she glanced up at the house front and saw that all the windows were shut as if it were uninhabited Cousin Phoenix had by this time alighted and was offering his hand Are you not coming Walter? No I will remain here Don't tremble there is nothing to fear dearest Florence with you so near I'm sure of that but the door was softly opened without any knock and Cousin Phoenix led her out of the summer evening air into the close dull house more somber and brown than ever it seemed to have been shut up from the wedding day and to have hoarded darkness and sadness ever since Florence ascended the dusky staircase trembling and stopped with her conductor he opened it without speaking and signed an entreaty to her to advance into the inner room while he remained there Florence, after hesitating an instant complied sitting by the window at a table where she seemed to have been writing or drawing was a lady whose head turned away towards the dying light was resting on her hand Florence advancing doubtfully all at once stood still as if she had lost the power of motion the lady turned her head great heaven she said what is this no, no cried Florence shrinking back as she rose up and putting out her hands to keep her off mama they stood looking at each other passion and pride had worn it but it was the face of Edith and beautiful and stately yet it was the face of Florence and through all the terrified avoidance it expressed there was pity in it sorrow a grateful tender memory on each face wonder and fear were painted vividly each so still and silent looking at the other over the black gulf of the irrevocable past Florence was the first to change bursting into tears she said from her full heart oh mama mama why do we meet like this why were you ever kind to me when there was no one else that we should meet like this Edith stood before her dumb and motionless her eyes were fixed upon her face I dare not think of that said Florence I am come from papa's sick bed we are never asundered now we never shall be any more if you would have me ask his pardon I will do it mama I am almost sure he will grant it now if I ask him may heaven grant it to you too and comfort you she answered not a word Walter I marry to him and we have a son said Florence timidly is at the door and has brought me here I will tell him that you are repentant that you are changed said Florence looking mournfully upon her and he will speak to papa with me I know is there anything but this that I can do Edith breaking her silence without moving eye or limb answered slowly the stain upon your name upon your husband's on your child's will that ever be forgiven Florence will it ever be mama it is freely freely both by Walter and by me if that is any consolation to you there is nothing that you may believe more certainly you do not you do not faulted Florence speak of papa but I am sure you wish that I should ask him for his forgiveness I am sure you do she answered not a word I will said Florence I will bring it to you if you will let me and then perhaps we may take leave of each other more like what we used to be to one another I have not said Florence very gently and drawing nearer to her I have not shrunk back from you mama because I fear you or because I dread to be disgraced by you I only wish to do my duty to papa I am very dear to him and he is very dear to me but I never can forget that you were very good to me oh pray to heaven right Florence falling on her bosom pray to heaven mama to forgive you all this sin and shame and to forgive me if I cannot help doing this if it is wrong when I remember what you used to be Edith as if she fell beneath her touch sunk down on her knees and caught her round the neck Florence she cried my better angel before I am mad again before my stubbornness comes back and strikes me done believe me upon my soul I am innocent mama guilty of much guilty of that which sets a waste between us ever more guilty of what must separate me through the whole remainder of my life from purity and innocence from you of all the earth guilty of a blind and passionate resentment of which I do not cannot, will not even now repent not guilty with that dead man before God upon her knees upon the ground she held up both her hands and swore it Florence she said purest and best of natures whom I love whom might have changed me long ago and did for a time work some change even in the woman that I am believe me I am innocent of that and once more on my desolate heart let me lay this dear head for the last time she was moved and weeping had she been often of us in older days she had been happier now there is nothing else in all the world she said that would have wrung denial from me no love no hope no threat I said that I would die and make no sign I could have done so and I would if we had never met Florence I trust said cousin Phoenix ambling in at the door and speaking half in the room and half out of it that my lovely and accomplished relative will excuse my having I would say that I was at first wholly incredulous as to the possibility of my lovely and accomplished relative having very unfortunately committed herself with the deceased person with the white teeth because in point of fact one does see in this world which is remarkable for devilish strange arrangements and for being decidedly the most unintelligible thing within a man's experience very odd conjunctions but as I mentioned to my friend Dombie I could not admit the criminality of my lovely and accomplished relative until it was perfectly established and feeling when the deceased person was in point of fact destroyed in a devilish horrible manner that her position was a very painful one and feeling besides that our family had been a little to blame and not paying more attention to her and that we are a careless family but also that my aunt though a devilish lively woman had perhaps not been the very best of mothers I took the liberty of seeking her in France and offering her such protection as a man very much out at elbows could offer upon which occasion my lovely and accomplished relative didn't be the honour to express how relieved I was in my way a devilish good sort of fellow and that therefore she put herself under my protection which in point of fact I understood to be a kind thing on the part of my lovely and accomplished relative as I am getting extremely shaky and have derived great comfort from her solicitude Edith who had taken Florence to a sofa made a gesture with her hand and begged him to say no more my lovely and accomplished relative presumed Cousin Phoenix still ambling about at the door will excuse me if for her satisfaction and my own and that of my friend Dombie whose lovely and accomplished daughter we so much admire I complete the thread of my observations she will remember that from the first she and I never alluded to the subject of her elopement my impression certainly has always been that there was a mystery in the affair which she could explain if so inclined but my lovely and accomplished relative being a devilish resolute woman I knew that she was not in point of fact to be trifled with and therefore did not involve myself in any discussions but observing lately that her accessible point did appear to be a very strong description of tenderness for the daughter of my friend Dombie it occurred to me that if I could bring about a meeting unexpected on both sides it might lead to beneficial results therefore we being in London in the present private way before going to the south of Italy there to establish ourselves in point of fact until we go to our long homes which is a devilish, disagreeable reflection for a man I applied myself to the discovery of the residence of my friend Gay handsome man of an uncommonly frank disposition who is probably known to my lovely and accomplished relative and had the happiness of bringing his amiable wife to the present place and now said Cassan Phoenix in earnestness shining through the levity of his manner and his slipshard speech I do conjure my relative not to stop halfway but to set right as far as she can whatever she has done wrong not for the honour of her family not for her own fame not for any of those considerations which unfortunate circumstances have induced her to regard as hollow and in point of fact nothing to humbug but because it is wrong and not right Cassan Phoenix's legs consented to take him away after this and leaving them alone together he shut the door Edith remained silent for some minutes with Florence sitting close beside her and she took from her bosom a sealed paper I debated with myself a long time she said in a low voice whether to write this at all in case of dying certainly or by accident and feeling the want of it upon me I have deliberated ever since when and how to destroy it take it Florence the truth is written in it is it for papa asked Florence it is for whom you will she answered it is given to you and is obtained by you you could have had it otherwise again they sat silent in the deepening darkness mama said Florence he has lost his fortune he has been at the point of death he may not recover even now is there any word that I shall say to him from you did you tell me asked Edith that you were very dear to him yes said Florence in a thrilling voice tell him I am sorry that we ever met no more said Florence after a pause tell him if he asks that I do not repent of what I have done not yet for if it were to do again tomorrow I should do it but if he is a changed man she stopped there was something in the silent touch of Florence's hand that stopped her but that being a changed man he knows now it would never be tell him I wish it never had been may I say said Florence that you grieved to hear of the afflictions he has suffered not if they have taught him that his daughter is very dear to him he will not grieve for them himself one day if they have brought that lesson Florence you wish well to him and would have him happy I am sure you would said Florence oh let me be able if I have the occasion at some future time to say so Edith sat with her dark eyes gazing steadfastly before her and did not reply until Florence had repeated her entreaty when she drew her hand within her arm and said with the same thoughtful gaze upon the night outside tell him that if in his own present he can find any reason to compassionate my past I sent word that I asked him to do so tell him that if in his own present he can think less bitterly of me I asked him to do so tell him that dead as we are to one another never more to meet on this side of eternity he knows there is one feeling in common between us now that there never was before her sternness seemed to yield and there were tears in her dark eyes I trust myself to that she said for his better thoughts of me and mine of him when he loves his Florence most he will hate me least when he is most proud and happy in her and her children he will be most repentant of his own part in the dark vision of our married life at that time I will be repentant too let him know it then and think that when I thought so much of all the causes that had made me what I was I needed to have allowed more for the causes that made him what he was I will try then to forgive him his share of blame let him try to forgive me mine oh mama said Florence how it lightens my heart even in such a strange meeting and parting to hear this strange words in my own ears said Edith and foreign to the sound of my own voice but even if I had been the wretched creature I have given him occasion to believe me I think I could have said them still hearing that you and he were very dear to one another let him when you are dearest ever feel that he is most forbearing in his thoughts of me that I am most forbearing in my thoughts of him those are the last words I send him now goodbye my life she clasped her in her arms and seemed to pour out all her woman's soul of love and tenderness at once this kiss for your child these kisses for a blessing on your head like oh dear Florence my sweet girl to meet again cried Florence never again never again when you leave me in this dark room think that you have left me in the grave remember only that I was once and that I loved you and Florence left her seeing her face no more but accompanied by her embraces and caresses to the last Cassin Phoenix met her at the door and took her down to Walter in the dingy dining-room upon whose shoulder she laid her head weeping I'm devilish sorry said Cassin Phoenix lifting his wristbands to his eyes and the simplest manner possible and without the least concealment that the lovely and accomplished daughter of my friend Donby and amiable wife of my friend Gay should have had her sensitive nature so very much distressed and cut up by the interview which is just concluded but I hope and trust I have acted for the best and that my honourable friend Donby will find his mind relieved by the disclosures which have taken place I exceedingly lament that my friend Donby should have got himself in point of fact as a devil's own state of conglomeration by an alliance with our family but I'm strongly of opinion if it hadn't been for the infernal scoundrel Barker, man with white teeth everything would have gone on pretty smoothly in regard to my relative who does me the honour to have formed an uncommonly good opinion of myself I can assure the amiable wife of my friend Gay I rely on my being in point of fact of father to her and in regard to the changes of human life and the extraordinary manner in which we are perpetually conducting ourselves all I can say is with my friend Shakespeare a man who wasn't for an age but for all time and with whom my friend Gay is no doubt acquainted that it's like the shadow of a dream end of chapter 61 chapter 62 of Dombie and Son this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recorded by Mill Nicholson Dombie and Son by Charles Dickens chapter 62 final a bottle that has been long excluded from the light of day and as hoary with dust and cobwebs has been brought into the sunshine and the golden wine within it sheds a luster on the table it is the last bottle of the old Madeira you are quite right Mr. Gills says Mr. Dombie this is a very rare and most delicious wine the captain who is of the party beams with joy there is a very halo of delight round his glowing forehead we always promised ourselves sir observes Mr. Gills Ned and myself I mean Mr. Dombie nods at the captain who shines more and more with speechless gratification that we would drink this one day or other to Walter safe at home though such a home we never thought of if you don't object to our old whim sir let us devote this first glass to Walter and his wife to Walter and his wife says Mr. Dombie Florence my child and turns to kiss her to Walter and his wife says Mr. Toots to Walter and his wife exclaims the captain horror and the captain exempting of strong desire to clink his glass against some other glass Mr. Dombie with a ready hand holds out his the others follow and there is a blithe and merry ringing as of a little peel of marriage bells other buried wine grows older as the old Madeira did in its time his eyes and cobwebs thicken on the bottles Mr. Dombie is a white-haired gentleman whose face bears heavy marks of care and suffering but they are traces of a storm that has passed on forever and left a clear evening in its track ambitious projects trouble him no more his only pride is in his daughter and her husband he has a silent thoughtful quiet manner Mr. Toots is not infrequently of the family party and is quite devoted to it and a great favourite her admiration of her once stately patron is and has been ever since the morning of her shock and princesses place platonic but not weakened in the least nothing has drifted to him from the wreck of his fortunes but a certain annual sum that comes he knows not how to seek to discover and with the assurance that it is a debt and an act of reparation he has consulted with his old clerk about this who is clear it may be honourably accepted and has no doubt it arises out of some forgotten transaction in the times of the old house that hazel-eyed bachelor a bachelor no more is married now and to the sister of the grey haired junior he visits his old chief sometimes but seldom there is a reason in the grey haired junior's history and yet a stronger reason in his name why he should keep retired from his old employer and as he lives with his sister and her husband they participate in that retirement Walter sees them sometimes Florence too and the pleasant house resounds with profound duets arranged for the piano forte and violin cello and with the labours of harmonious blacksmiths and how goes the wooden midshipman in these changed days why here he still is right leg foremost harder to work upon the hackney coaches and more on the alert than ever being newly painted from his cocked hat to his buckle shoes and up above him in golden characters these names shine refulgent, gills and cuttle not another stroke of business does the midshipman achieve beyond his usual easy trade but they do say in a circuit of some half mile around the blue umbrella in ladenhall market that some of Mr. Gills's old investments are coming out wonderfully well and that instead of being behind the time in those respects as he supposed he was in truth a little before it and had to wait the fullness of the time and the design the whisper is that Mr. Gills's money has begun to turn itself and that it is turning itself over and over but he briskly certain it is that standing at his shop door in his coffee coloured suit with his chronometer in his pocket and his spectacles on his forehead he don't appear to break his heart at customers not coming but looks very jovial and contented though full as misty as of yore as to his partner captain cuttle there is a fiction of a business in the captain's mind which is better than any reality the captain is as satisfied with the midshipman's importance to the commerce and navigation of the country as he could possibly be if no ship left the port of London without the midshipman's assistance his delight in his own name over the door is inexhaustible he crosses the street twenty times a day to look at it from the other side of the way and invariably says on these occasions Eddard Cuttle, my lad if your mother could have known as you would ever be a man of science a good old creature would have been took aback indeed but here is Mr. Toots descending on the midshipman with violent rapidity and Mr. Toots' face is very red as he bursts into the little parlor Captain Guilds says Mr. Toots and Mr. Souls I am happy to inform you that Mrs. Toots has had an increase to her family and it does her a credit cries the captain I give you joy Mr. Toots says old Saul Thank ye chuckles Mr. Toots I am very much obliged to him I knew that you'd be glad to hear so I came down myself we're positively getting on you know there's Florence and Susan now here's another little stranger a female stranger inquires the captain yes Captain Guilds says Mr. Toots and I'm glad of it they often know we can repeat that most extraordinary woman my opinion is the better Stand by says the captain turning the old case bottle with no throat for it is evening and the midshipman's usual moderate provision of pipes and glasses is on the board here's to her and may she have ever so many more Thank ye Captain Guilds says the delighted Mr. Toots I echo the sentiment if you'll allow me as my so doing cannot be unpleasant to anybody under the circumstances I think I'll take a pipe Mr. Toots begins to smoke accordingly and in the openness of his heart is very loquacious of all the remarkable instances that delightful woman has given of her excellent sense Captain Guilds and Mr. Soles says Mr. Toots I think none is more remarkable than the perfection with which she has understood my devotion to Miss Donby both his orators ascent because you know says Mr. Toots I have never changed my sentiments towards Miss Donby they are the same as ever they are the same bright vision to me at present that she was before I made Walter's acquaintance when Mrs. Toots and myself first began to talk of in short of the tender passion you know Captain Guilds Aye aye my lad says the Captain as makes us all slew round for which you overhaul the book I shall certainly so Captain Guilds says Mr. Toots with great earnestness when we first began to mention such subjects I explained that I was what you may call a blighted flower you know the Captain approves of this figure greatly and murmurs that no flower as blows is like the rose but Lord bless me pursues Mr. Toots she was as entirely of the state of my feelings as I was myself there was nothing I could tell her she was the only person who could have stood between me and the silent tomb and she did it in a manner to command my everlasting admiration she knows that there's nobody in the world I look up to as I do to Miss Donby knows that there's nothing on earth I wouldn't do for Miss Donby she knows that I consider Miss Donby the most beautiful the most amiable the most angelic of her sex what is her observation upon that the perfection of sense my dear you're right I think so too and so do I so do I says Saul Gills then as soon as Mr. Toots after some contemplate of pulling at his pipe during which his visage has expressed the most contented reflection what an observant woman my wife is what sagacity she possesses what remarks she makes it was only last night when we were sitting in the enjoyment of bliss which upon my word and honour is a feeble term to express my feelings in the society of my wife that she said how remarkable it was to consider the present position of our friend Walters here observes my wife he is released from sea going after that first long voyage with his young bride as you know he was Mr. Solls quite true says the old instrument maker rubbing his hands here he is says my wife released from that immediately appointed by the same establishment to a post of great trust and confidence at home showing himself again worthy mounting up the ladder with the greatest expedition beloved by everybody assisted by his uncle the most possible time of his fortunes which I think is the case Mr. Solls my wife is always correct why yes yes some of our lost ships freighted with gold have come home truly turns old soul laughing small craft Mr. Toots but serviceable to my boy exactly so says Mr. Toots you'll never find my wife wrong here he is says that most remarkable woman so situated and what follows what follows observed Mrs. Toots now prairie mark Captain Gills and Mr. Solls the depth of my wife's penetration why that under the very eye of Mr. Donby there is a foundation going on upon which an edifice that was Mrs. Toots' word says Mr. Toots exultingly is gradually rising perhaps to equal perhaps excel that of which he was once the head and the small beginnings of which a common fault but a bad one Mrs. Toots said escaped his memory thus said my wife from his daughter after all another Donby and son will ascend no rise that was Mrs. Toots' word triumphant Mr. Toots with the assistance of his pipe which he is extremely glad to devote to oratorical purposes as its proper use affects him with a very uncomfortable sensation does such grand justice to this prophetic sentence of his wife's throwing away his glazed hat in a state of the greatest excitement cries Saul Guilds you man of science and my old partner what did I tell Waller to overhaul and that their night when he first took to business was it this ear quotation turn again Whittington, Lord Mayor of London and when you're old you'll never depart from it was it them words Saul Guilds it certainly was Ned replied the old instrument maker I remember well ain't I tell you what as the captain leaning back in his chair and composing his chest for a prodigious roar I'll give you lovely peg right through and stand boy both on you for the chorus Buried wine grows older as the old Madeira did in its time and cobwebs thicken on the bottles autumn days are shining and on the sea beach there are often a young lady in a white haired gentleman with them or near them are two children boy and girl and an old dog is generally in their company the white haired gentleman walks with the little boy talks with him helps him in his play attends upon him if he be thoughtful the white haired gentleman is thoughtful too and sometimes when the child is sitting by his side and looks up in his face asking him questions he takes the tiny hand in his and holding it forgets to answer then the child says what grandpa am I still like my poor little uncle again yes Paul but he was weak and you are very strong oh yes I'm very strong and he lay on a little bed beside the sea and you can run about and so they range away again busily for the white haired gentleman likes best to see the child free and stirring and as they go about together the story of the bond between them goes about and follows them but no one except Florence knows the measure of the white haired gentleman's affection for the girl that story never goes about the child herself almost wonders at a certain secrecy he keeps in it he hoards her in his heart he cannot bear to see a cloud upon her face he cannot bear to see her sit apart he fancies that she feels a slight when there is none he steals a way to look at her in her sleep it pleases him to have her come and wake him in the morning he is fondest of her and most loving to her when there is no creature by the child says then sometimes dear grandpa why do you cry when you kiss me he only answers little Florence little Florence and smooths away the curls which shade her earnest eyes the voices in the waves speak low to him of Florence day and night plainest when he his blooming daughter and her husband beside them in the evening or sit at an open window listening to their roar they speak to him of Florence and his altered heart of Florence and their ceaseless murmuring to her of the love eternal and illimitable beyond the sky to the invisible country far away never from the mighty sea may voices rise too late to come between us and the unseen region on the other shore better far better at the whispered of that region in our childish ears and the swift river hurried us away end of chapter 62 end of Dombian sun by Charles Dickens


Ukraine's latest attack among most serious counter-strikes, say Russian bloggers Russian bloggers have described Ukraine's latest air strikes on airfields in Berdiansk and Zaparizhya regions as one of the most serious counter-offensive conducted by Kiev. Famous Russian telegram channel Fighter Bomber, reportedly linked to Russian Air Force Captain Ilya Tumanov, warned that such attacks will take place as the war continues, stressing that Russia must be prepared for this. This is one of the most serious strikes of all time in the northern military district. If not the most serious, the telegram channel reported on Tuesday. Ukraine says it destroyed nine Russian helicopters in an air strike on two cities in the Russian-occupied Berdiansk and Luhansk cities in the east of the country. Dozens of Russian troops were killed or injured in the attack. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky thanked the Ukrainian troops for the successful attacks and also hinted at the effective Western weapons that facilitated such attacks. Thanks to those who powerfully destroy the logistics and bases of the invaders on our land. There are results. I thank some of our partners, effective weapons, Zelensky said during the meeting with the country's military command.


lecture in the course design and engineering of computer systems. So in this lecture, we will continue our discussion on fault tolerance and reliability engineering. We will study a topic called the distributed transactions. So let us understand what this topic is. So the what we have seen so far this week, what has our story been, we have seen how to make systems more reliable by you know if any faults occur in the system due to either hardware faults or software faults or power failures, any such faults occur, how do we mask that fault and make the system more reliable. So that this is not noticeable as a failure to the end user. For example, we have seen that you know instead of doing all the processing in just one server, what if the server fails? So therefore, you have multiple replicas of the server either you know active-active passive or whatever and you know you repeat the operation at all of these replicas so that the state of the system can be saved even if a failure occurs and the user would not notice that failure and also within each server also, we have seen that if the server is doing multiple steps then we have to ensure atomicity within each server also. So that if you know in the series of steps in a transaction of the failure occurs in between those steps then the other steps also will continue and you get all or nothing semantics, right. So we have seen replication and we have seen atomicity so far. So the next topic that is important for fault tolerance is that of how do you ensure fault tolerance in a horizontally scaled system. So if you recollect from a few lectures back, we have studied this concept of horizontal scaling. There also we have said that you know you need multiple replicas.  You will try to improve the performance of the server as much as possible but beyond the point this capacity may not improve. So then what you will do is you will add multiple replicas of the server and you will you know put a load balancer or something in between and the load balancer will distribute traffic to all of these replicas. So 1000 requests per second are coming in 100, 100, 100 you have 10 of these replicas and you can handle all the incoming load, right. So this is also another reason why you have replicas and you know these are also called partitions or shards of a system, you know you partition the application data or request everything you partition them to these different replicas, okay. So note that these when we use the term replica here versus when we use the term replica here there is a difference. Here each of these replicas is different that is why let us call them you know shards or partitions. Each of these is a slice of the server handling of part of the traffic whereas for fault tolerance when you have replicas all of these replicas are doing the same work repeatedly for redundancy, okay. These are two different concepts. Now when you have horizontal scaling and you have faults in the system we need a few things to happen. For example we want to partition the data and request such that a lot of these partitions do not change even when servers fail you know suppose a server here fails then you do not want to disturb all of these other servers also. You want to do this partitioning in a way that is stable and you also sometimes may need atomicity across partitions. For example if you have a transaction that does some work here and some work here then across these servers you need atomicity, okay those are called distributed transactions. You know transactions that span multiple partitions or multiple shards earlier the transactions we saw were in a single system. You know where you log to disk and you know you are guaranteed do some logging and guarantee atomicity. But now we are talking about transactions spanning multiple partitions of a system, okay. These are the two topics we will study in today's lecture which is basically at the intersection of you know horizontal scaling and fault tolerance. So first the first question comes up how do you partition an application into multiple shards. So we have seen some of this before when we were studying load balancing and horizontal scaling. You know so suppose you have an application that has some number of data items or keys, okay we will use the term keys here this is nothing but say user shopping cards you know you store them as keys and values, okay. There are some keys which are say user shopping card IDs and you want to distribute these keys among the n server shards or replicas, okay. How do you do this, what are the various ways in which you can assign these application information to the various servers, okay. You have to of course partition right only then you know across these n servers if you you know give some keys here, some shopping cards here, some shopping cards here, some shopping cards here, then the load balancer can kind of redirect traffic of these shopping cards to this server it can you know partition the traffic and you can have horizontal scaling. So the question comes up how do you assign these application keys or application data items to the server replicas. There are many strategies we have seen this before. One is of course a simple round robin strategy which is when a shopping card when the user starts a shopping card the first shopping card goes here, the second user's shopping card goes here, third goes here, fourth goes here you can do like a round robin whenever a key comes for the first time in the system you assign it to some server, okay. Some key k is assigned to some server n, but the second time that key comes you cannot once again assign it to a different server, right. If some user one shopping card has been created at this server in the round robin manner the next time that user one comes it has to go to the same server again. So you have to remember which key to which server you have assigned, you have to remember these mappings so that the next time you can use the same mappings. So you can use round robin, you can use least loaded instead of you know going round robin or this server is handling a lot of load therefore I will pick a least loaded server like that you can use many different strategies, okay. But across all of these strategies the problem is that you need to maintain these mappings you know for every key which server it has been assigned to for the first time when the key was seen for the first time you have to remember this mapping because in the future once again you have to send the same key to the same server. If your server is storing all the shopping cards on its disk or in some database locally then that user's shopping card request should go to the same replica in the future also only then it will work correctly, okay. So if that is the case you have to maintain these mappings which is a high overhead you know if you have a million users there is a big large data structure with million entries and every time a key comes you have to look through this have I assigned it a server all of that is high overhead. So ideally you want a technique where you do not store any information but you somehow know which key is assigned to which server. So one way to do that is hashing, okay. So you take a key say you know the shopping card ID of the user, you take that key you hash it to some number, okay. You hash it to some number say 5 or 10 or 100 something you hash it to some number using some standard hash function and if there are n servers you simply do this hash mod n and you assign it to that server. Suppose if your hash value is 42 and you have 10 servers you do 42 mod 10 and the reminder is basically 2 so you assign it to server number 2, right. In this way given any key you do not have to maintain any table you can simply do this hash do the modulo operation and you know which server to send it to. Again in the future you see the same key you do this calculation you send it to that server, right. So this is an easier way that does not require maintaining all of these mappings. But what is the problem here? The problem is that what if this n changes? What if one of the server fails? You know we are talking about fault tolerance this week so we have to think about failures what if the server fails? Then suddenly now for the same key you are doing mod 9, okay. So this works out to what? 6. So now suddenly so far this key was stored at server 2 now you are saying store it at server 6, okay. So anytime a server fails all the keys will get remapped to a different set of servers. Now so far the shopping cart was maintained here now the server has to transfer the shopping cart to somebody else. It is all very messy, right. So using this hashing idea the way I have described here it is very messy when server failures happen and servers fail or are added and so on if this n value changes. So what modern systems do most of real world systems do is they use a way of hashing that is called consistent hashing. This is basically a technique to partition keys or application data items to multiple server shards such that you do not have to remember any mappings you can derive the mappings whenever you want at the same time these mappings are fairly stable they do not change a lot of servers come up and go down also, okay. So the idea is very simple how does consistent hashing work? You know you take all your server identifiers you know say the IP address or some identifier of the servers you hash them into some range some say 0 to 1000 or 0 to 999 something into a 1000 value range something like that some 0 to some Z minus 1 some large number you take this range and you hash your server identifier into this range. So hash of server 1 turns out to be say 101 okay so this is server 1 it is located so you can think of this as a ring from 0 to Z minus 1 and server 1 is located here the hash of server 1 is this value hash of server 2 is this value hash of server 3 is this value and so on all the server shards you place them you visualize them over a ring like this okay and you take your application key also you know you take your application key hash it also on to the same range okay the hash of your key also you hash it into the same range 0 to Z minus 1 and the key will land somewhere over here then every key will be stored immediately at the server following it on this ring okay. So what does that mean you just remember what the servers identifiers are where the servers are located on a ring where all the server shards are located on a ring that is all you remember whenever a key comes you hash it you see on the ring what is the server immediately following it on the ring suppose you know the server 1 is located at position 100 server 2 is located at position 220 and your hash works out to 200 then the server immediately following it is server 2 this key will be stored at server 2. So you do not have to remember for every key you know this key this server this key this server you do not have to remember the mappings at the same time this is stable why if this server fails then only these keys will change they will get assigned to this server instead of this server okay all the other servers whatever keys they are handling they are all stable everything did not change only this set of keys got remapped to a different server okay. So there are minimal disruptions in case of servers failing or joining okay. So this is why it is called consistent hashing it is a stable hashing to map keys to server shards nodes in a system such that you do not have to remember a lot of state at the same time it is fairly stable in the face of failure. So this idea is widely used in systems in order to distribute any you know set of keys to a set of servers. So now let us understand the connection between horizontal scaling and replication you can use the same consistent hashing idea and you can do both horizontal scaling and replication for example if you are mapping all of these you know servers and keys to this ring okay your server is some server 1 is located here server 2 is located here server 3 and so on all the servers are located on this ring and you know a certain key k that hashes to this value you can store it at server 1 or if you want fault tolerance you can say I will store it at server 1 server 2 server 3 I will store it at 3 different servers following it on the ring right. So you can do both partitioning as well as fault tolerance okay so you can basically have multiple partitions and each key instead of storing it at just one server you can have multiple replicas of the server and you can store the key at multiple replicas okay. So you please understand the difference between replication and partitioning in partitioning the goal is to assign keys to one server so that the key is stored at that server and different servers will store different keys whereas with replication the goal is to store the same key at multiple servers for redundancy and run some kind of you know consistency consensus protocol and typically you will do both okay in real systems you will do both so you will map keys to servers and you will map a key to multiple servers so that all of these servers the key can be replicated at you know you can say I will replicate this key at these 3 servers some key that comes here I will replicate it at the next 3 servers following it on the ring in this way you can use the consistent hashing idea to do both partitioning and replication right you can partition your data into shards and you can replicate the data at each shard at multiple other server replicas. So the next concept that we are going to see in a distributed system like this where data is partitioned the other thing that we have to guarantee is atomicity across these partitions or across these shards for example we have seen examples of where atomicity is needed you know all or nothing atomicity for example you are doing some checkout file system changes and all of that all of those were limited to a single server all the examples we have seen. Now what if you have to do a transaction across multiple partition suppose you know you have a banking server that is you know partition the account information of users across multiple shards or replicas like this you know some accounts are here some accounts are here some accounts are here and you have to do a transfer money transfer from account A to account B and account A is stored here and account B is stored at this server then what do you have to do what you need is a transaction spanning these 2 different partitions where you have to deduct money here you have to add money here and this has to happen atomically either it happens in both places or it does not happen at all ok that is a distributed transaction which span multiple replicas or shards each of which can have you know each of these shards can be replicated for fault tolerance and all of that in this complex system you want to do a transaction you want all or nothing atomicity. So the protocol used for that for these distributed transactions is what is called a two phase commit protocol. This protocol guarantees all or nothing atomicity across multiple different nodes or multiple different shards of a application and it coordinates across multiple nodes. So the basic idea is the same of what we have seen of you know right ahead logging earlier but it is a little bit more complicated by the fact that now you have to coordinate across multiple different nodes ok. So let us briefly see how two phase commit works like from the name it is obvious that there are two phases in the protocol. So assume that you have a node C that is coordinating a transaction between two different nodes A and B ok the transaction has to has multiple steps some of which run at A some of which run at B and of course this protocol can be extended to multiple large you can have 3, 4 how many of the nodes you want it is not just for two nodes ok. So how does this protocol work in the first phase C will send out what is called a prepare message to all the nodes ok to all the nodes A, B and so on it will send out a prepare message. This prepare message is saying that look here is the transaction I want to run are you ready for it are you prepared for this transaction will you execute this transaction then the nodes will reply in phase one they will reply either yes or no if for some reason they cannot execute this transaction you know the user does not have enough money in his account to deduct in which case that server will say no this transaction would not work for me ok. So in this way you nodes can vote yes or no for the transaction across multiple different entities then in phase 2 if all the nodes vote yes then the coordinator will say ok good we can go ahead with this transaction if at least one of them says no then the coordinate has to abort the transaction. So then in phase 2 the coordinator will send the decision of whether to commit the transaction or abort the transaction to all the nodes ok. And when the nodes now receive the commit message they have to commit ok they would have voted yes only then you will get commit if anybody voted no you will get only abort message. So all nodes would have voted yes for commit to happen then if they voted yes in the first phase they must go ahead and commit the transaction because everybody else is ready now everybody should jointly commit the transaction. So this is the two phases in the two phase commit protocol and this will ensure that distributed transaction either all of them will commit or the transaction will be about it nothing will happen ok. In the simple description it is ok but now again the theme of this week is you know fault tolerance reliability failure. So what if there are failures what if this node fails in between what if this node fails in between you know how do we guarantee that atomicity will still hold even in spite of failure. So now let us consider the various cases the failure cases and see how two phase commit behaves in these cases. So first let us consider the coordinator failure ok. So we have this protocol coordinator in phase 1 it is sending a prepare message then it is getting back replies and then it is sending a either a commit or a abort decision. Now of course if any failure happens you know before this phase 1 completes while sending prepare message before the transaction starts it is ok. If some nodes have heard some have not heard then it is ok they did not you know vote yes or no or anything. So everybody will abort the transaction that is ok. Now if a failure happens in the middle of phase 1 you know some nodes have voted some have not voted then a failure happens. Now consider this node a you know the coordinator asked for it to prepare and the node a voted something either yes or no. Now if node a voted no and then the coordinator failed then what it is ok a will you know through some heartbeat or something it will detect the coordinator failed. So it is ok anyway I did not want to do the transaction and now the coordinator has failed. So it is happy it will say ok the transaction is aborted anyways anyway there is no way the transaction can continue because I voted no. So a will forget about the transaction it is done no complication there. Now what if a voted yes C asked coordinator asked are you ready and a said yes and now the coordinator has failed ok. Now what should a do it cannot simply forget about the transaction know what if the transaction is going on what if somehow a is not a is not connected to the network a is not understanding what is happening as everybody else doing the transaction I voted yes then it is my responsibility to you know complete the transaction. So in such cases a cannot just ignore it cannot commit or abort it cannot go ahead and commit also why because maybe somebody else voted no the coordinator is down it is not telling me what to do. In such cases a must wait it must block it must repeatedly keep contacting is the coordinator up is the coordinator up keep checking find out if the transaction finally in the last in the second phase of whether it committed or aborted and then execute the decision if it is commit it has to execute the transaction. So in this case if the coordinator fails when some of the nodes are voted yes then the coordinator must come back and contact those nodes and those nodes should wait to hear from the coordinator about the decision of the transaction. Now what if now phase 2 you know something has happened people voted yes or no the coordinator has made a decision commit or abort and in the middle of sending those commit abort decisions the coordinator has failed. Then what the coordinator should of course do some logging you know before starting to sending out these commit abort messages the coordinator should actually write down somewhere in a log it should write down the decision these were the votes I decided to commit or I decided to abort the coordinator should make that in write that decision down in a persistent log and then start sending the responses to all the nodes. Why because if it crashes it has to remember what was the decision taken and continue you know you told if there are 10 people in the transaction if you told 4 people about the commit about decision you cannot just stop there you know everybody should hear about the decision if it is especially a decision to commit everybody should know about it therefore if the coordinator has communicated with 4 people and crashed here it must restart and complete the rest of the communication therefore in order to preserve its state across restarts the coordinator must log its commit abort decision to some persistent reliable storage before doing this entire process. So, that if it crashes in the middle of the process all the nodes will see the same decision of the coordinator right. So, once again this idea of right ahead logging is being used here any decision you make before you execute the decision you first log it so that even if you fail you can repeat the decision reliable. So, this is about coordinator failures now what about if nodes if these different you know replicas or shards or you know these nodes of the system they fail in between this 2 phase commit then what. So, again let us see various cases. So, if a node fails before voting itself you know it never said yes or no or if it voted no in the phase 1 you know the coordinator is sending a prepare message and the vote the nodes have to vote yes or no and now in this phase if a node has voted no and it has crashed then it is okay does not have to you know bother about this transaction anyways why because anyway the transaction will abort nothing will happen. So, it can ignore but if a node you know for the prepare message if the node voted yes and then it crashed then what then you have to follow up on this transaction you have to know it you must restart you must you know try to contact the coordinator find out what happened did that transaction commit or abort and if it has committed then a should also commit the transaction okay. So, a must remember all of this after it restarts how does it do that therefore before voting yes you know before voting yes before replying yes you must do some logging okay you must do a right ahead log of all the changes that this transaction involves note them all down in a log commit this entry and only then you reply yes to the coordinator.  So, that in the future of course you cannot commit right away you do not know what the other people have said whether they voted yes or no. So, if you crash here you come back up check with the coordinator if it is a commit then you go ahead and commit install your transaction okay and the other thing to note is that if the coordinator decides to commit a transaction and the nodes have failed it is also the coordinator's responsibility to ensure that any such node has failed it will have to contact the coordinator know the commit about decision tell everybody this commit about decision you cannot simply leave it saying okay the node failed I do not know what especially if your transaction is committing if it is a transaction that is aborting anyways it is okay. So, this is the high level overview of two phase commit it has many different complications especially with node failures and so on and across all of this you have to remember this very important thing that there are many issues around failures you know if nodes failed coordinator fails in some cases they might block you have to repeatedly contact the other guy and ensure that whether this commit or abort decision happens correctly okay. So, this is a standard protocol used for distributed transactions of course there are many improvements to two phase commit and many variants of this are used today but any real life system that has multiple shards of application data and has to you know guarantee some transaction all or nothing atomicity across the shards will be using some such distributed commit based protocol like this to ensure that all the changes happen atomically. So, that is all I have for this lecture. In this lecture I have talked to you about two things mainly one is how do you partition application data across shards in a way that is stable even if nodes fail and so on.  So, you can read this Dynamo paper that I have pointed to you earlier this also has more detail about the concept of consistent hashing you might study that more and this idea is widely used in many real life systems today. So, please read up a little bit more on it to understand it in more depth. So, that is all I have for this lecture let us continue our discussion in the next lecture. Thank you.


Like when you say, you know, these things have their place talking about, I'm not sure you're talking about psychiatric medication or or talk therapy and stuff. If you if you take for granted the conditions that cause us to be miserable and insecure and anxious, if you take all that for granted is unchangeable, then you do need these things to keep society running. But a more revolutionary question is, do we need to take these things for granted? How can we change them collectively? And then there's also how can I change them even just in my own life? Like how can I create conditions where I feel more of a sense of belonging and stuff. And to some extent, that's impossible without changing the entire society. But to a large extent, it is possible to foster more intimate connection with people and nature. Like there are things that we can do that that have been shown like even like garden therapy, you know, like the people in the garden and a lot of the mental illness goes away, get them into nature, you know, get them into participation in some social project. And of course, if you're feeling really depressed, you probably don't even want to do that. So so something has to intervene to bring you from that universe of despair and depression into a universe of participation and connection. And I think that a good first step for a sane mental health system would be to intervene by changing conditions rather than by giving pills that allow conditions to be maintained. Most of the support structures are there to help you become a functioning member of society as it is. And if society as it is needs to change, and your purpose in this world is to help serve that change, then the support structures will not be your friend. And we need alternative support structures that understand that society has gotten the illness. And to adjust you to that is to make you ill too. And in that viewpoint, depression could be a symptom of health. It could be a symptom of the soul's rebellion, because with depression is a kind of a withdrawal from life, you know, and you just want to stay in your room and not do anything, you don't want to participate. So non participation is a good thing.   And I was like, man, I just don't want to go to work, you know, and then the psychiatrist comes and says, Oh, the reason you don't want to go to work is that you're depressed. And here's some medicine to make you once again happy to go to work. Like, actually, your depression was healthy. And not that we live in such an extreme situation, but in a way like the normal functioning of society is bringing incredible suffering to humans and other beings. So I think that it is kind of healthy to not want to participate in the life that's offered to us. So I think that that any approach to mental health that doesn't recognize that, that doesn't acknowledge that non participation could be a good thing, and that sees health as being well adapted to the way things are. That's got a problem.