Where else do you can get a group of people where you have two of the most important tech executives in the world? One of the best science fiction authors ever and a really brilliant minister from Rwanda You either get them at a Davos panel or a party at Mark Benioff's house. That's the only ways You can possibly get this group of people together. I am delighted a little bit of housekeeping First off, I'll be taking questions through Slido. So please ask your questions in Slido if you're watching on the web stream I've been told by Weff and they will remove certain questions. I'm super curious What are the questions that they remove? So push the limits. I'll see them as we go We'll have a little wrap up at the end But now let me introduce our amazing amazing panel starting on my left Pauline. Gooberi She is the minister of tech and innovation for Rwanda. Then we have Chris Cox. He's the CPO of meta Platforms we have Enrique Lores. He is the CEO of HP Inc And we have Neil Stevenson who wrote snow crash and so many other things and has done all kinds of wonderful work from Describing the metaverse to helping to build it Structure of this session also helpful for questions We'll do a little bit of Definitial because you're legally obligated to do that when you host a panel on the metaverse Then we'll talk about some of the work that each of them is doing Then we'll talk about some of the foundational questions and how the metaverse gets built some of the ethical questions And we'll end with some big thoughts about where we're going. So let's get going You have to describe and define the metaverse. I have the man who came up with the word first So Neil in 1992. What was the metaverse? How do you describe it now? I'd been doing some work on kind of an experimental art project that involved heavy use of Three-dimensional graphics stuff, which was expensive and difficult to use at the time and but obviously had promised And so I was asking myself What would it take to make that kind of hardware as cheap as television was today? How do we make turn it from a kind of laboratory curiosity into a mass market? medium and the idea that I came up with to answer that question was the metaverse and So as you say it was published in 92 And then the year the next year two things happened doom came out and The the web came out and both of those things as it turns out drove the cost of 3d graphics hardware down much more rapidly and effectively than I thought they would so it really turned into Something that was driven predominantly. I think by the games industry As opposed to my kind of TV centric vision of it and how do you find the metaverse now when someone says What is the metaverse you say? nascent Yeah, we've got a ways to go so The it's really just in the last couple of years that everything has come together. I mean the the the cost of The of the raw graphics processing power came down a lot and that's how we get the video game industry But you need more than that To make with that you can make great games You can make great three-dimensional experiences, but to network all of that stuff together into something that looks like the metaverse you need in addition A lot of networking capability you need an ability to handle transactions Cheaply and quickly and reliably and a lot of other elements that are kind of less obvious but Haven't really started to materialize until just the last couple of years Enrique, how do you define the metaverse? I would say is immersive If we think anything that's immersive is the metaverse is the way to really make the web and Access to content immersive if we think about what has happened during the last years We started with tech with text we move to images We went to video the next step is really to totally engage to delicate immersive experiences This is what the metaverse device independent. Can I have an immersive experience with my phone and have it be the metaverse? To certain extent yes, but the user interface is one is what is going to make making the difference If you think about when technology revolutions have happened has mostly be driven by when the user interface has totally changed When the customer experience is designing a way that customer really wants to engage and participate This is what makes it special. I thought technological revolutions were normally driven by the porn industry But we'll leave that aside for Future Davos. I think that was on the list of inappropriate come Over one Chris. Do you define it as? Device dependent is the metaverse depend on using AR VR. I don't think so I mean I would think about it as a vert like the next version of the internet that gets less flat You know the the primary metaphor for the internet has been the web page since it was born You know we borrowed the language for describing designing the web page from typography and page layout and we used Thinking about pages to talk about and imagine what the internet is and then the user interface has been a screen Yeah, the screen was on our desk now. It's in our pocket. I think computing brings Interfaces closer to our senses to our fingertips to our speech to our ears. I think that's part of what we're talking about when we get into the metaverse is the internet unflattening and and Having experiences that feel more like physical experiences instead of video conferences and screen experiences Paula Well, I think I'd also go with the massive but also really thinking about that space where imagination has no limits and Just this afternoon. I did I don't know how many of you in the audience have had the chance to go to the global collaboration Village for the experience that is there and My mind was blown away because I started to think can this replace Consultancies where I get a paper on a strategy, but rather give me tangible Results on what are some of the things that I want to do and how can I feel them before I actually get in the real world to implement? Well, I hope everybody does that experience you can Basically, it's Davos with no legs. It's very cool All right, so now I want to go around and I want to talk about I want everybody to talk about the work the work they're doing because me and so we'll start with Neil It's actually it layers up very nicely the way this panel was it was selected a good job with The different layers of how the metaverse is being built So Neil you not only write these wonderful novels, but you've actually started a blockchain based layer for the metaverse Explain what it is what you're doing and how people are using it. It's called lamina one and it it kind of emerges from the The observation that I've made over the last sort of ten years of working with games and game technology in different ways is that if we're going to have a metaverse that's Being used and enjoyed by millions and millions of people then there are going to have to be experiences in the metaverse that are worth having and The the people who know how to create those kinds of Experiences right now by and large work in the game industry and you know, some of them work for great big triple-a game studios Some of them work for little scrappy indie companies. Some of them are even solo practitioners, but But they're the ones who whose talents are going to be needed to actually make a metaverse that people are going to want to visit So what we're trying to do with the lamina one project is to build a Blockchain that is optimized specifically for those kinds of creators. There are a lot of people Right now in the game industry trying to incorporate And not just games, but other kinds of immersive experiences, but I sort of harp on games, but they're trying to incorporate Blockchain into what they're building because there's a big overlap between what those people need to To make money And what blockchain is capable of providing but right now? It's difficult and it's it's frequently a little scary so the what lamb and the one is trying to do is And it's early days and it's a kind of pure engineering project at this point But we're we're building a chain that They can bring the the benefits of that kind of technology to as many Builders as as we can reach So I for example if I were one of those builders I would build an application Into some metaverse system and underline it identity and other things would be stored on your blockchain layer Yeah, so identity is a good example of something that that is kind of if you think of a game let's say you You go on to World of Warcraft or fortnight or whatever You're you're logging on to their server You you prove that you know that you are who you say you are and then you get access to your avatar Your inventory all of the stuff that you've accumulated playing that game That works fine as long as you're sticking to one game But if you want to fluidly move from one experience to another Then it doesn't work anymore because you're constantly having to sort of log in log out of one experience and log into another so identity is one example of something that needs to be Distributed and decentralized If the metaverse is actually going to work And there's lots of other examples like just the ability to carry things with you You know if you've got if your avatar is wearing certain things or carrying certain inventory items You know who created those items, how do they get paid? What happens when you try to carry them from one part of the metaverse to another? We think that There are blockchain based solutions that can help solve those those problems all right Chris You want to explain? What you're doing and why so many Australian plumbers are using your your your devices Yeah, so at meadow we're basically It's been about eight years since we acquired Oculus Oculus was a Small startup that had designed the first really good VR prototype. This was about eight years ago John Carmack who was the creator of doom which you mentioned earlier was one of the engineers who helped build a VR headset that was Pretty wondrous when you put it on So we basically acquired Oculus and then we've spent the last eight years trying to production eyes and improve VR to get to a VR product line that is affordable enough usable enough And impressive enough that it can be used in social experiences fitness gaming Medicine you're starting to see it used drug development Industrial design, you know for sneakers and cars a piece of hardware that could be used to basically Be used instead of a PC for things that wanted to be or were more naturally done in 3d So we build a VR hardware line We're working on augmented reality, which is a much farther out version of the future where you would wear You know a nice pair of glasses like what many of you have on it would be light It would be comfortable. It would have waveguides that would allow you to see Screens in front of you your messages the weather, you know translating the menu in front of you You'd have a cursor to control it, you know with your fingers You could speak to it, etc We believe that one day that computing platform will be as important as the smartphone has become In in our lifetimes, and so we're working on a lot of the early R&D to bring that to life So that's VR and AR. We're also working on software So work rooms is an example of a piece of software we build to Allow folks to have meetings in VR so you put on a headset and rather than a zoom call or a Skype meeting you could get together and actually have the experience of being together in a room It's an avatar who's rendered as your body, but You have spatial audio and you can see body movements and you can see hand gestures So rather than sort of seeing faces arrayed in a screen in front of you, you have a feeling of presence And we view the feeling of presence as being the essential ingredient for the user experience of something that feels metaverse like And work rooms for us has been the killer app Of something that is a really meaningful reason to put something on in a work context To put a headset on in a work context So we're trying to build some of this software and we're also trying to support a developer ecosystem of developers again across categories including medicine including education including Filmmakers who are starting to make 3d content Really just trying to start to seed The ecosystem of content and experiences for VR And you do have a lot of australian plumbers training there and rike That's news to me And rike you have You build a lot of services like business services in the metaverse the coolest one that I read about is You're either working on her have already developed the ability to 3d print an object that's designed in the metaverse will you explain How that works and where you think that will go sure Part of what we do in the company is really translate Digital concepts into physical concepts. This is what we have been doing with printing for a long time Where we go from a digital photography into a paper photography The same concept can be applied to print and to create physical physical objects When you we have engineers designing in the metaverse physical parts We can translate them and create a physical object And this is something that we have started to do and for which we already have some applications And this is especially relevant when the part is unique the part is unique and has been designed for a specific person So for example the the case I brought here today is for gaming These are personalized gaming keyboards where the gamer Can design the type of keyboard he wants to use or she wants to use and we can print that and then we send it And he will be or she will be configuring her own keyboard things like that We can do with almost any object almost in any type of material Wow, paula. How are how has it been used the most in rwanda? So I think for us and it's really everything that we hear here is how do we create an enabling environment for that to all happen So whether it's some of the policies we are putting in place around, you know deploying 5g infrastructure We've had about the limitations around Most 5g use cases and I think with the metaverse you have a perfect use case on on When a country or you know partners are deploying 5g and so for us It's really looking at what are those foundations for this to happen Whether it's building high-speed broadband networks and making sure that they are accessible Affordable and available for everyone and then the second beat is around talent And so these are linked back to whether it come its companies like meta or its startups that are building Some of these use case applications and just creating the right talent that is going to build solutions that respond To those specific challenges or social economic challenges that we are trying to solve for And what is your vision of how the meta or the role the metaverse will play in rwanda you'll have You want to see you see the metaverse as the next great platform And so you want lots of rwandan companies building tools you see it as A use case and you want you you understand it's going to be next week platforms You are rwandan to be using it. How do you what is your vision? I think there are particular industries that you can we we're already mapping out So there's the tourism industry the creative industry. There's also education. We're talking about Immersive education experiences. I think earlier as we were getting ready for this panel We're just discussing whether it's in the medical field How do you provide that opportunity for those hands-on skills even before Where people can simulate or learn before they can get in the real world And so these are some of those particular industries or use cases that we're already mapping out and figuring out what's important which brings me To the last part of what are those foundations, which is data the policies that need to be in place Whether it's around the availability and collection of data the privacy laws around that which are very important If you're really going to simulate some of these experiences But very particularly I think what we want to do as a government even as public sectors Can we also walk the talk we've talked about data driven policymaking? What does it mean when we're thinking about metaverse use case applications? And when I did talk about consultants here wasn't joking because While we've used data models to sort of predict some of the policy interventions that we want to create But sometimes it's also useful if you can simulate the impact of these policy interventions And I think it gives more clarity and more confidence in how you're going to push some of the public investments Excellent. I will say that we've had actually this panel has already led to something good in the green room I asked I asked I asked paula what headsets they were using in rwanda and she said well, they weren't using oculus and Chris why not? He said we don't have the permits and she says I do the permits so Just like that So anybody who's invested in meta stock is going to shoot up because the sales in rwanda soon So let's talk to some of the technological questions because they're so interesting, right? It's this like right now if we're talking about vr, obviously air is better But where we're dealing with right now. It's like a relatively heavy thing for the most part on your head There's a battery. There's heat and you may be tethered. You may not be tethered They're all kinds of complex things right and many people have been in the metaverse You maybe feel a little nauseous though apparently nobody has thrown up at weft at the demo yet You may feel a little nauseous when you do it There's so many interesting things that we're trying to solve So maybe enrique or chris or neil you want to jump in and say something I'm going to jump in and disagree with you excellent. I think that that the way That billions of people around the world are interacting with fully immersive 3d environments today using 2d I see okay and You wouldn't think that would work Because I mean we're literally using the wasd keys on a victorian typewriter keyboard In order to move around In these spaces and yet the brain Is incredibly good at making us believe that we're actually in that space And that's the basis of the game industry. So I It's going to be both Like the headsets are definitely coming on both vr and ar And they're getting a lot better But don't discount the the importance of Of interacting with the metaverse through a two-dimensional rectangle I think it's all going to depend on what is the use case and the application There are applications where with some of the 2d technologies is going to be perfectly fine And if we think about how design have been done for many years Designer have been designing three parts using 2d technologies and has worked and For other technologies maybe in education as some of the examples you were bringing before a more immersive technology Really will make a difference and there are going to be multiple different type of applications and technologies that will develop for for each Chris, what's the hardest thing your most interesting thing you're trying to do? Yeah, one thing I mentioned to you previously on this is Concurrency is an interesting problem. We're running up against so If you want like a comedy club experience is one of the Is one of the experiences we've been playing around with which is like a comedy club is not just about watching the The comedian it's about hearing the audience laugh and interacting with the audience It's it's a very group experience a comedy club. So we've been trying to To try and figure out if comedy could work And the metaverse and it turns out a comedy club with 18 people and it doesn't really work You want a little bit bigger of a room you want a room of around this size so you can hear the murmur and the roar Like a big chuckle laugh and you can hear whispers and you can hear Sort of people around you If you want that to work you need a high concurrency So you need lots of different people who all of whose avatars are being rendered in a headset that's sitting in front of your face Where their movements were communicated over the internet? None of it can be pre-rendered It all needs to be pretty accurate and timing so that if you're gesturing or responding to a joke or a movement I'm getting it, you know in less than a handful of of milliseconds Um and that trades off against how high resolution the experience is So if you ever ask like well, why isn't the metaverse like super high resolution yet? Well, the answer is if you want really high resolution, you need to trade off against concurrency If you want high concurrency, you need to trade off against latency. So we're running up against Basically the computer processor And having to start to understand the trade-off space of which of those things in which context is most important Um, that's a little bit nerdy, but I think it paints a picture of But is that a problem that inevitably gets solved as processors become faster batteries become more efficient? Everything starts to work better. Is it a more a problem that can be solved with morse law? Yeah, I mean it will be helped by morse law Um You also have the the form factor problem, which is the computer needs to gives off heat And because the computer is not sitting there with a fan in front of it and it's not inside of a device that has cooling Um, you have some physical constraints there that that morse law doesn't get you outside of Um, but that's just a way of saying we're in the very early version like the xerox park stages of the hardware Where we're starting to try and figure out how to get around some of the technical constraints But we're also learning about which of these things is most important for the user experience And what is not only the processing power is also the ability to upload and download Information fast enough from the cloud This is another big limitation that as Chris was saying is really limiting what how many things can be done That is why you need great 5g infrastructure in rwanda everywhere So I have a question that's coming from someone who works in this space Probably 25 years ago an engineer who who said a remark that stuck with me, which is the speed of light sucks And and because ultimately no matter how fast you make everything work You've still got to transmit all of this at less than the the speed of light And so that's kind of the ultimate ceiling on on how fast this stuff can work But beneath that ceiling there's all kinds of clever things you can do to make it seem like it's faster I mean and this this gets it to me one of the most interesting big questions about the metaverse, which is Is it like mobile where it's like a whole Platform world where everything happens or is it like video games which are a discreet amazing thing But some people use and some people don't right and so does it become A universal layer of our life or is it discreet in particular and maybe awesome Maybe not and you use it for some things or maybe you don't It seems like all of you are saying it's going to become a universal platform Which kind of suggests that these problems will be solved pretty well and they're not Fundamental problems. Is that a fair way of looking at it? I think we hope so. I just think it's a matter of time Um, I think the internet's a pretty good way to think about the metaverse because the internet some parts of the internet are very coherent with each other If you're inside of wikipedia If you're inside of instagram, you know, these are experiences that are self consistent That have a single designer that have a single server Um that have a single privacy and identity model where you understand the rules in those systems Those systems are interlinked so you can move from instagram easily to google maps You're not confused how you got there. You know the link the hyperlink was the thing that got you there And I think part of what doesn't exist yet for the metaverse is what is the hyperlink? What is the model of travel from sort of one set of experiences for the other? What what identity comes with you? Uh, does your inventory come with you to use nil's example? Are you inhabited by the same person you were in the fitness experience when you go to the to the work experience? Probably you want to change clothes at least And these are just some of sort of the the examples of what we don't know yet When we talk about one big Amorphous thing versus lots of different subdivided things is there's going to be some coherence and connectivity between them? Well, that's the You know, that's the that's why it's so interesting and why I love having this panel because at some point We're going to figure out what the hyperlink is right or we're going to figure out whether your identity goes with you and it'll be Maybe a decision made by a company maybe kind of a collective decision, but then we'll have huge Consequences down the line, right? nil what to you is the most interesting? Open question about how the metaverse develops it's Who's going to develop it? Is it going to be um it's sort of the Decentralized bottom-up organic growth model versus a centralized top-down approach and each has its advantages and In in my way of thinking Just it doesn't happen unless you create An open system that's kind of analogous to the early web or the early internet where Anyone who's interested can latch on to a shared protocol and begin to to build what they want to build in that world and You know a lot of what people build is is going to go nowhere, but but some of it is going to be taken up and And embraced and used by by large numbers of people So we have to figure out a way to make sure that when that happens the people who created it Um Don't get screwed and get paid uh and recognized for the contributions that they've they've made well So Can you give some advice to chris chris is a top-down company a big important valuable company building out this What should he be doing to match this vision or is it impossible for a large centralized company like facebook? Like meta to do that I don't know enough about the internals of that company to you've got one of the most powerful people right here So I'm not sure how much uh, he's Empowered or willing to divulge in the way of proprietary Data about those those plans, but um Right now the the image that one has of facebook and other big social media companies is very much that of a centralized, you know Top-downish kind of organization is that to what extent is that? Gov coded into the the dna of what you guys are trying to build yeah, I mean I mean one thing about the at least the development of facebook and instagram is a lot of it is focused on giving tools to creators And tools to businesses. I mean the content you see on instagram is not content that we created It's content built by tools from people from businesses Um the creative tools that we give them is a lot of what makes the experience unique Along with some set of assurances around safety and privacy, which is where the centrality can offer a big benefit to the user I think with the metaverse we're probably going to see Spaces that are self-consistent Oftentimes offered by big companies. We're going to see spaces that are built by you know startups and shops Um, I think how those interoperate is the most important conversation for making sure that we don't sort of accidentally Sort of step on each other's toes. Well, Enrique, maybe you can take a crack at this from your perspective. Would you rather there? was Kind of a core layer of the metaverse With one big company that sets the rules keeps everybody safe a little bit like iphone and ios in which we all put apps And you could sell your software or would you prefer it would be more like android right where there's A layer with far fewer rules you can put on what you want and lots of different companies doing the hardware Or would you rather it be completely open? What's better for your business? Which which are the models of future meta metaverses metaverse? I would you prefer For for our business a more open metaverse is better It will allow us to give provide more value to then you have to build in a whole bunch of different You know Form factors and frameworks and all that that's still better Yes, because it all depends about control points if someone controls the full metaverse The ability to add value is much smaller and we have seen this in other parts of the technology world And this makes a this makes a big difference Super interesting. What will be very important though is that no matter what how many metaverses we have There is a common layer of privacy And security that all of us can build from and when we're talking about key enablers This is one of the key enablers to make sure that this can be used in a secure way where also Consumers can be sure that their privacy is protected. That's a very important technology section That needs to be developed super duper interesting paula I would also agree with an open model because you're also talking about building capabilities across the board and also Understanding that perhaps a one-size-fits-all may not just work And the same way we're going to be trying to figure out the different use case applications That may be unique to every country to every region to every part of the world So the more you make it open the more you empower more and more people that can build applications for the meta bus So chris, let's talk a little bit about how exactly meta is building out so explain the degree to which you're I mean, they're holding the essay The degree to which you are building hardware that can be used in multiple metaverses built by other people to the degree that you're building software That can work on other people's hardware and to which other people can add apps and to the extent that you're dealing with Identity of these three different vectors, which is the most important to you and where is meta going? Yeah, I mean so for meta the most important is to build experiences for people connecting and and doing stuff together I mean, that's sort of the mission of the company. That's the company's heritage You know, what does the living room look like? What is the what does the conference look like between friends? You know, what does a phone call look like? You know, those are if you just look at what we do, you know with 80 of the company's investment You know, it's whatsapp. It's instagram. It's facebook. It's messenger. It's those sorts of experiences. So From a pure mission perspective, that's to us the most interesting question um We're developing the hardware and the operating systems just because they don't exist I mean this stuff doesn't exist in the world. We want to see them come into existence We didn't set out to be a hardware company when we were born But as it turns out if you want to start to bring some of these experiences to life Sometimes you need to build the hardware and you need to do the research and you need to think about operating systems But it's all completely open. I mean if you look at Our top apps, you're seeing game developers. You're seeing social experiences. You're seeing messaging experiences You're seeing education. Some of the stuff we've talked about being built from companies around the world And we want to be a platform that's open to everybody And that's part of being a hardware platform that consumers want to use Let's talk a little bit. This is such a fascinating debate. I love that. We just had those last few minutes I thought it was brilliant. Interesting and degree. I'd never I'd never heard before Let's talk for a minute about some of the rules that we'll have to make inside the metaverse because we got a lot wrong I think everybody can agree. We got a lot wrong in web 2 and they're going to be all kinds of issues I was just thinking when You know the the new devices you can track someone's gaze, right? That's great for a meeting, right?  So the amount of information that you'll have because of how tight the sensors are these systems are is phenomenal So what are the most important rules? Anybody can answer this question What are the most important rules to get right as we move forward? I think one of them is is going to be to to make sure that The information that is shared about myself Is the information that I decide to share? and when Chris was saying I there is different information I want to share where I'm gaming at home Versus where I am in the office. I need to be able to make that choice To make sure that my information is protected. That's a very important rule And very hard to develop so it's something that is going to require a lot of work Neil is that something is that that sounds like one of the foundational questions you're trying to solve on your blockchain? well, we had to Think about this a lot that at magically For the reason you mentioned which is that there's a whole sensor package that is going to learn a lot about you and The To make a long story short. I think this is a really prosaic answer, but I think it's a A ux problem a user interface design problem. I was thinking about this this morning when some warning came up on my iphone that I can't even remember what it was, but it was one of these like vague Security warnings, you know and I was trying to track it down. I'm googling You know who else has gotten this warning lately and I get a list of of people Going back like 10 years Most of that information is obsolete So i'm left in a state of kind of low lying dread and anxiety And it's probably not based on any real security threat. It's based on bad ux, which is Not giving me the answers I need and not really giving me a transparent view of what Which of my data is being Is being exposed on the the internet and what isn't and so Just the the more complicated these devices and these systems get the the heart of those problems become And you know just having a a screen where you can check a few boxes isn't good enough Any more we're as these things get even more complicated and harvest all kinds of additional data. We're going to need better Ways to know What's being shared who's being shared with and how to control How to know that and how to control it? I think in addition to the Data sharing from us already even in as it is today It's already complex. And so if you think about it in the metaverse, I think it gets even more complicated But I think to add on to What the rest is saying there's also the privacy aspect and even the way you simplify consent What data am I giving for which experience and for where? Because I think even today when we look at some of the data protection and privacy laws that are in place And the way they are being implemented whether it's uh within banks or insurance companies or whatever it is It's very complex. You have a very long 24 page consent form that no one wants to read because in that point in time They really need a service and so all they'll do is just to check a box So how do we simplify it so that people are more comfortable and they understand? It's not just about the risk, but also they're comfortable with what they are putting out there Then the other one I'd like to add is around interoperability because at the end of the day back to ux and the user experience You don't want to have siloed use cases where I'm going to be punching in the same data points for almost everything That I want to do in the metaverse and so how do we make it interoperable? But at the same time cater for these data sharing nuances that will exist in the metaverse So they need a fully interoperable totally open Multiverse it's easy to say that would be great the devil is in the details What about truth right one of the things we you know Everybody's been talking about chat gpt in large language models And one of the obvious implications for the metaverse is that you're going to have fake Characters that look pretty human and you have emotional connection to you talk to say all kinds of shit And you're not going to know whether it's a real person or whether it's general and they'll be easy to make How chris how are we going to solve that? Yeah, I mean, I think you'll probably have different spaces with different rules So if you think about the software on your phone like in some contexts you expect in you know I'm in a company context. I can trust that people are who they say they are Or I'm out on the open internet and the rules are different. I mean my expectations are different what I share is different I use a pseudonym in some cases And if you just look at these How open are we going to get? And that's probably I think how this will play out and I think the key thing to make this work is you know What space you're in and you're never confused about the context Yeah, so you know if you're in a private thread that's encrypted, you know, you can share whatever you want You know the person who's operating that service has certified and has sort of made the contract with you that that's And it won't be shared all the way to a completely open experience You know people learn quickly and can make judgments when the context is consistent and when sort of the signposts are clear Yeah, I think for new experiences is where you really want to be You really want to over communicate And I think that's how we want to think about some of these experiences on the metaverse is like Being really transparent and clear And offering a lot of controls You know as people come into experiences to sort of tread gently Into anything that's new and Ricky and Neil does that sound right to you? Yes, and and a debate we were having this morning in another session is do we self-regulate ourselves and come together with a certain set of values that we all agree that we are going to follow Or will government governments have to regulate? I think that's going to be a big debate over the coming years And I think most of us are on the first on the camp of the first side. How do we self-regulate ourselves? But we should learn from the mistakes that we have made Today, so we don't make them again because the danger is much much higher I'm just going to wave vaguely in the direction of zero knowledge proofs, which is heavy crypto research area that Is sort of impossible to explain in our five minutes and 52 seconds But But people in this room or people who are watching this might want to kind of Keep an eye on developments in that space because at least in theory it offers a way to attack some of these problems It's it's a it's a way to cryptographically divulge some information In a provable way, but not all of your information. And if you use it, right Um, I think it could be a layer in solving some of the problems that we're talking about Fascinating. All right. Well, we have as neil said five minutes left. So let's talk about Where we see this going in the next five years or 10 years. Why don't you give your most Optimistic scenario for how this improves value for humans polo. Do you want to start? I think I see and particularly if I look at Africa I see a lot of potential when we're thinking about healthcare In terms of how we provide more targeted precision medical intervention So there's a lot of potential right there But also even just thinking about the demographics of the african population where a lot of them, you know In the youth bracket What you see is also the creative industry having a lot of potential in terms of how it can transform that But also how it creates value For for many of our youth and I think we've seen so many statistics around what the potential looks like What is kids? How do we provide those foundations that are critical to making sure that as a continent? We don't remain behind in this revolution And so you can play a crucial role in making it one of the things we learned from web 2 is the More people are involved in making it the better it is Chris 10 years you can yeah, let's do 10. I mean For me it's something as simple as just taking a walk with an old friend or You know your parents in chicago my parents in chicago just like actually having them there in front of you instead of making that call Having experiences like that to me if you look at if you look at the most important experiences you have on your phone A lot of them are the basics Of just like reliable good communication with the people you care about I think bringing those into some more physical experiences is going to be powerful And um It's something obviously there's many steps between here and there you go for a walk You walk down the promenade your parents are with you on the promenade or you're you're both You're sort of just you're both out walking wherever you're walking and you're in some shared space Oh, I'm imagining you're taking a walk wherever you actually are in real life And instead of the video conference you have somebody there with you who's alongside you Or we could go for a run together nick Henry k I think there are gonna be tremendous changes in many of the key things that we do today from Location as Paula was saying communication Providing medicine or access to medicine to remote locations. All of these experiences are going to be transformed On the other side what we don't know today yet is What is going to be the impact on the society of all these changes? Yeah in the same way web 2 Is having still a lot of implications in how kids communicate What are going to be the implications of these new experiences? I think it's something we will have to learn Neil I'm looking forward to being surprised. I think anything I can sit here and predict is going to be outstripped by By by new kinds of creativity that are going to begin showing up And so to that point A lot of times it seems like the internet and the web are just like a big Machine for finding incredibly ingenious ways to screw artists and the Just when I thought we had sort of turned the corner the whole AI art thing Appeared I saw just yesterday getty images is is filing a big lawsuit to Prevent the further use of its image library from By those kinds of programs so So what i'm hoping is that We can we can find a way to To support the people who who are needed to do the creative work That'll surprise us all and and create a metaverse that As I said millions of people will want to visit and spend time in Well, let me ask you a question on this So you say anything you imagine will be outstripped by a reality But it's also the case that you imagine the reality we're in 30 years before most of us did so Tell me something that you're Thinking about not metaverse related but a change to the world that you're seeing coming through tacca that you imagine that might come So we're no longer talking about the metaverse. We're talking about everything talking about everything You've got one minute to give us everything deal. We've got you on stage. We need the answer Um in order for everyone to not die We have to remove carbon from the atmosphere On a scale that is completely mind boggling even to people who consider themselves really well informed about this issue And that's going to be the biggest engineering project in the history of the world And I think we'll do it and we'll succeed Um But um, it's going to be uh, it's going to be a big adventure And um, it's it's going to be it's going to lead to mind boggling Results, uh, I hope Knock plastic Well, thank you so much. Thank you to this fabulous panel. Thank you to the audience. Thank you to everybody for watching online I learned the time I would like to Before I wrap I'd like to hand the microphone over to kathy who has a few things to say Where is she? There we are All right. Thanks everyone. First of all a big thank you to our amazing moderator nick thompson and wonderful panelists paula chris, uh, and ricky and new My name is kathy lee. I had the media entertainment and sport platform at the forum Which houses the defining and building the metaphors initiative that this panel is associated with So we want you to know we're not just talking about it. We're actually doing things So we launched the initiative back in may last year with a goal of advancing of advancing consensus among diverse stakeholders And focused on you know, two tracks one is a metaphors governance and the other one is economic and social value creation And today actually we just published the first outputs by the community That focused on interoperability in the metaphors which this panel discussed a lot about and also consumer metaphors applications and the work will continue to explore industrial and enterprise metaphorses privacy security safety Identity among other issues So the last thing I wanted to say is the metaphors will present significant challenges But at the same time it could be used for immense good as well, especially when driven by purposeful and ethical public private Partnerships. So if you're interested, please do come and talk to us and Enjoy the rest of your time in Davos. Thank you. Thank you. All right. Thank you. Thank you so much fun


Welcome everybody another another day here in the City of Columbia coming off our second town hall last night and going into another meeting here at City Hall and excited about our continued investment in our community and obviously in our city both in our staff and technology and equipment to serve you better but I'm excited really you know there's one major item I'm really excited about on this agenda and that is the second bunker gear for our fire department it finally has come through after a long process to get it here we finally are being able to fulfill that contract and get that bunker gear out we're coming down on the heels of a raise for our firefighters all our unsworn employees along with the step-up program for our police department so really excited about the investments we continue to do we'll get an update as well on the toms creek food mobile food trailer to help us along with our program will be announcing in a few weeks on food delivery and really trying to make a difference in the areas that have food insecurity so stay tuned stay informed be involved and please reach out and let us know your thoughts your complaints your criticisms but your ideas thank you


A faction of the National Youth Council of Nigeria in River State has expressed worry over the political empires in the state, saying that the situation can create a loophole for the government not to be accountable to the people. The chairman of the faction, Whistabari Samuel, had a press briefing in Portacott on Tuesday urged Governor Simin Ali Fubara to honor in totality President Thinibu's Peace Accord by resubmitting the 2024 Appropriation Bill to the Martin Namauwale-led House of Assembly for effective implementation of the state fiscal policy. Samuel on behalf of his group declared their support for the state House of Assembly, hailing the actions of the legislators which he says are necessary to close administrative gaps and check the excesses of the executive arm of government. He advised the governor not to be hoodwinked by the advice of those he called press singers, saying they will abandon him in difficult times. We advised Governor Simin Ali Fubara to without delay present the 2024 Appropriation Bill to the properly constituted reverse state House of Assembly and stop further spending without any known backslope. In the same vein, we condemn in total terms the use of taxpayer's money to fund mega press conferences, programs solidarity, protests, court cases, etc. These realities add no value to reverse people who yearn for developments. Going forward, reverse should not take it lightly with any person or persons who the market reversed it. General Commend, our proud reverse experts and FCT minister, is excellently achieved by Sir Yenso Nwike for his visionary leadership and style which has truly connected reverse states to the center, placing us as a great A-states in the decision-making process of the national government. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Let's examine the character of Octavia Caesar. Bear in mind that Octavia Caesar was technically Julius Caesar's great grand-nephew. However, given that Julius Caesar did not have legitimate heirs to the Roman throne, he actually adopted Octavia Caesar as his own son, making him the heir once he died. Therefore, Octavia Caesar does play a key role particularly towards the end of the play because both he and Mark Antony organise and put together an army in order to fight Brutus and Cassius's army and of course they establish what is called the Triumvirate. It's a three-man led empire in addition to Lepidus in order to govern the massive empire of Rome following Caesar's death. Now, Octavia Caesar of course is presented as incredibly loyal to his adoptive father Julius Caesar and he does seek to avenge his death and inflict pain and punishment on both Brutus and Cassius. So if you're writing about his character or indeed writing about themes relevant to his character for this play, either for your exams or for coursework, I would suggest these are the key quotations to bear in mind when it comes to the character of Octavia Caesar. So we're going to go over them right now. Now the first quotation when it comes to the character of Octavia Caesar to bear in mind is when he states and of course this is when he and Mark Antony join forces and they put together an army and they are arguing over strategy okay. So they do argue however Octavia Caesar states to Mark Antony come come the cause if arguing makes us sweat the proof of it will turn to redder drops of course here he is basically trying to find some form of resolution with Mark Antony so that the argument does not become something completely outlandish and leads them to basically lose the war if they don't get on and what he's basically saying is look Mark Antony I know that we're kind of different people and we have different opinions but please let's not let this argument blow up because that's ultimately going to make us maybe fight, fall out, even draw blood from each other but ultimately we'll lose this war against Brutus and Cassius. Now the word level analysis you want to do for this quotation is especially the repetition of come and also the iteration of turn two and finally the metaphor redder drops so here we can see that whilst Octavius is presented as a very powerful leader he's somebody that's very fearless actually he's also very loyal to those who are on his camp and of course he also has a very massive amount of respect for Mark Antony he's much older than him he respects him because he also understands that Julius Caesar had a very close bond and relationship with him he was Julius Caesar's confidant so he also respects him due to his seniority too.  Now the word love analysis you want to do here is firstly the declarative sentence I draw a sword against conspirators bear in mind the declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact feeling all mood the other keyword love analysis you want to do here is a literation of W in wounds and well of course this shows how emphatic Octavius is in defending the memory of Julius Caesar. The other quotation to bear in mind when it comes to Octavius Caesar's character and what he says and of course this is still in the same scene when he's talking and confronting Brutus is when he states defiance treat us how are we in your teeth now here he is basically telling them that they you know he is defiant against anything that they do and of course he also is accusing them of being of betraying Julius Caesar the act of treachery is unforgivable and the word love analysis you want to do here is firstly the literation of tea and traitors and teeth of course here he's really passionate he basically wants blood he wants to draw blood from Brutus also the other word love analysis you want to do here is the violent verb hell okay now the final quotation to bear in mind with Octavius Caesar is interestingly when Brutus of course commits suicide because he realizes that defeat is imminent Octavius Caesar and Mark actually find his dead body and they actually recognize he still had very honorable qualities and honorable traits so Octavius Caesar is very respectable and he finds Brutus his dead body he basically states that he's an honorable man who deserves an honorable funeral well how he states this by saying according to his virtue let us use him with all respect and rights of burials now here what he's basically saying is you know I believe Julia Brutus was actually a very virtuous person the reason why he killed Julius Caesar is for very virtuous reasons protecting our country protecting our democracy and accordingly he deserves a really good burial okay so also here this is interesting because we can also see that Octavius is very honorable in his virtues too now the word of analysis you want to do is firstly the alliteration of age in his and him the abstract noun virtue this is where he's recognizing Brutus's honorable qualities and character and finally the assonance of you and us and use so really that's it when it comes to Octavius Caesar's character he is an interesting character he's not one of the main characters in Julius Caesar however you do need to be able to you know discuss him in in terms of how he his military prowess in terms of also his loyalty on the one hand to Julius Caesar but equally his recognition of Brutus's admirable qualities thanks so much for listening


Bookmap connects to CQG Continuum data only. Note that CQG Continuum currently offers full-depth market data for crude oil only. You can subscribe directly to CQG Continuum for market data. If you want to connect Bookmap as a standalone customer of CQG Continuum, you'll have to request information from your broker for both Bookmap Private Label and CQG Continuum in Cast. Let's go over the steps to connect to CQG. It's very similar to the connection to other data providers. Open Bookmap after getting your credentials. First step is to establish the connection to CQG. Let's click on Connections, then Configure and add a connection. Then, in the Platform drop-down window, select CQG. Type in your credentials and check this box if it's a demo account. Click OK. Let's go back to Connections and select our new connection. Now that the connection is established, the next step is to add an instrument. Click on the plus tab. Here, choose CQG under the Platform and the symbol of your choice. For example, EPM3 for the E-mini S&P 500, June 2023. If you're unsure how to type in your symbol, click the link above for a detailed video. Now that the connection is established and we have an instrument open, we're ready to use CQG data.


Our second session will start August 5th and run through the 9th of that week. We'll have our last three sports of that session with soccer, tennis, and basketball at two sites. Basketball will be a green view for the 10 to 13 year olds. We'll be at Hyatt for the 69 year olds. Tennis and soccer will take place at Greenview as well. They're entirely free. They take place Monday through Thursday of both weeks, 6 to 8 p.m. The Friday Bank was about 6 to 7, 7.30. We're just kind of getting together, having some food, having a good time on those Fridays. We'll cover a lot of introductory stuff. We'll have a lot of knowledgeable experience, people out there carrying it out. So please, if you have an opportunity, go to your local park or come here, 1111 Recreation Drive, pick up a form, it's totally free. We provide transportation for our after school programs from all sites, and we return to certain sites to make sure you sign up. If you need transportation from summer camp, make sure you sign up correctly, turn those forms into us directly here at Athletics, or we'll come by to each park to pick them up. I really believe that in my philosophy around sports is it becomes more enjoyable to it the better your skills get. When your skill set becomes better, and the games open up, and it can be any game, they open up to you more, that's when they truly become more enjoyable. You have more access, you're more fluent, you have more freedom, and then your knowledge and your skill set improves, and I think kids enjoy that more than anything else. If you want to have an opportunity for your child to experience something that's really worthy of their time, in your time, drill the skills, it kind of starts everything off. You'll know whether you want to sign a child up for a particular sport after drills and skills, or if you already know you want to do it, they'll have the skill set to go right into one of our sports.


Welcome to Psychic Medium, Tony Green. I am Tony Green. And if you would like to call in and be a part of the show, if you have a question, you would like to ask if you would like to connect with a loved one on the other side. The number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. I was running a little backwards today. Apparently, I've forgotten to schedule a show. So please do call in. There is plenty of room on the call log. So before we go to the call log, I want to say hello to everybody on YouTube that is watching. Hello to everybody watching on TV. Thank you so much for being here today. I am so grateful for each and every one of you sharing your time with me. After all, time is all we have here. We can get everything back. If we lose money, if we, you know, whatever it is, we always have the option of getting that back. But once we spend a minute, once we spend an hour, we can't get that hour back. So thank you so much for being here with me and sharing this time with me.  And I kind of am being drawn to share them with you. And they're mostly relationship things and a couple of other things also. But the relationship thing that's going through my head the most this morning is, and I want to say it appropriately because people get really sensitive and some people can become triggered when certain things are said about relationships. So the first, the first thing I'm being asked to share with you or channel with you is, and I get this question a lot, when somebody, when a relationship ends, when somebody breaks up or takes a break. Now, this isn't for every breakup. This isn't for every break that is taken. But if it's because sometimes there is just a heated moment and people will tend to take a break or there's just too much stress or something comes in. But most of the time, when somebody takes a break, not always. But sometimes when somebody takes a break, it's because the relationship had been rocky in the first place. And sometimes it's not the first break or the second break. And many people will call me and ask me, are they coming back? And if I say yes, when are they coming back? And what I would like to say to you is to reevaluate your questions. Okay. Are they coming back is a good question because you want to be prepared if somebody's coming back. If they're going to come back into your life, you want to know that you don't want to be really blindsided by that. But the bigger questions that people should ask themselves in a relationship situation, if somebody goes in and out of your life or does what they call this ghosting, why did they leave? Number one, what was their motivation for leaving? Was it really something that happened inside the relationship? Or was there something going on that they wanted to partake in outside of the relationship? Or why did they leave? Was it really something about me? Or is this something they need to figure out in themselves? The second question that's really important to ask yourself, if you're in a situation where somebody took a break or you broke up and you're wondering if they're coming back, why do I want them back? Okay. I know the first answer I always hear is because I love them. Yes. Yes. Okay. You can love someone and still be in a very unhealthy situation. You can absolutely adore someone and still be in a completely unhealthy situation. So why do you want them back? And it's normal. In our childhood, we're taught if we do something wrong, we have to fix it. My nose is so runny this morning. I'm so sorry, folks. And of course, my tissue is way over there again. In our childhood, we're taught if we do something wrong, we have to fix it. And so we want the opportunity to fix it. We want the opportunity for them to come back and to make it right. And we do love the person. We do. And we think when they come back, we're going to make it better, which brings me to question number three, which is if they come back, what's going to change? Especially if they have left more than one time. If this is a situation where one or the other or both of you are constantly like taking breaks or breaking up because you don't have good coping mechanisms or communication skills to talk through the issues, when this person comes back, are you going to sit down and talk, really discuss what went wrong, why it went wrong, and what can be done to make sure it doesn't go wrong again? Okay. Now, I'm going to tell you if somebody continually ghosts you or has ghosted you more than twice, this is probably, you have to look at why am I putting up with this.  And some people will say it's because you're desperate. I'm not saying that. I don't agree with that. You may want love, it doesn't make you desperate. I don't agree with that. What I think it is, and I've heard a couple of people say this, and it hit so hard.  Women, on the other hand, often repeat the pattern of their mother and father, and they will allow a partner in their life that is similar to one and or both of their parents. No, we have a lot of people out here that grew up in single parent households. So if you didn't have a father growing up, you may not even know what a father or a partner or a husband is supposed to act like. You may not know the role they're supposed to play in your relationship. And if you don't know, look at healthy relationships now and learn.  They may not even realize what they're doing. But more importantly, they may not realize this isn't normal. They may not realize this isn't the right behavior to have. No, you can be understanding. You can understand this. I get it. I get it 100%, which is why I've spent a lot of time in a lot of relationships a lot longer than I should have, because I understood why the person behaved the way they did. Understanding is good, but it leaves you in an unhealthy pattern or cycle that you should not be in. If this person isn't aware of their behaviors, you have to kind of gently ask them open-ended questions. And this is one of my favorite dating questions. So growing up, we're both of your parents in the home.  What's your favorite story from them? What's your craziest story from them? Find out what dynamic they grew up in, because chances are you might end up in that dynamic. The second one is to look at the dynamic that you grew up in. And when you look at the dynamic that you grew up in, to realize where it was healthy, not healthy, and what you're taking from that, whether you're repeating it and allowing it to be done to you, or you are, or you are doing it to somebody else. Okay. So having said that, that's my relationship stuff of the day. That's it. That's all I got. That's that's it. I'm going to start taking callers.  And I will be happy to take one question or connection from you. And if you have a question for your connection, please state that question right away. I want to say hi to Stevie. Stevie, you have an amazing time in Italy. I hope you have so much fun while you're there. Yep, buddy. I also would like to, there was something else and I can't, oh, I do not ever reach out to anybody for private sessions. If you want a private session, you have to go to my website or call my business number, which is not the number you call in for the show. My business number is on my website, www.tonig.info. I am on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Truth. Yep.  And there are people who have made fake accounts or reach out to people saying they're me. And that's not me. I don't even respond to half of my emails or texts or phone calls. I try. I try. I wake up in the morning and I have like 100 emails. No shite. Like 100, easy. And then the text, I wake up and my screen is full of texts. And I just kind of try to go through them and like get to the most urgent ones first and then work my way back from that. So I do get back to every single client as soon as I can. So yeah. All right. What else? I know there are other things I'm supposed to be saying, but it's kind of that kind of day folks. It's just kind of that kind of day. Okay. I'm going to go to 216. 216. What's your name? Where are you calling from? I'm calling from Cleveland, Ohio. Hi. How can I help you today? Yes. Hi. Thank you for taking my call. I'm, excuse me, relocating this summer and going to the North, I'm sorry, Southlet, New Mexico. And just wondering, I mean, my housing, for my, am I going to, should I look at other alternative housing options rather than low income housing? I mean, for what I have now, and I mean, I'm not, you know, I don't have those earnings yet, but should I, and what other housing options can I, that would present themselves to me? I don't know anyone there. In fact, since last year, I've been pulled to live in the Southwest and I decided on New Mexico. Okay. Okay. And, okay. So here's what I'm going to tell you. I would, the first thing I hear is agency, agency, agency. So yes, I would reach out to the agencies and see what they even have available right now. You may find it's very, it might be a little bit complicated to get into some of the housing or there may be a wait to get into some of the housing. I'm getting there maybe like a wait. So I would definitely reach out to some of the agencies and make sure that you have something set up prior to even kind of making the move especially. The second thing I'm hearing is if you, I just feel like you need to call some of the police stations where the rental areas that you're looking at, you need to call the police stations and find out what the crime stats are or go to the police stations websites and find out what the crime stats are for those areas and then find the area with the best or the lowest crime stats, especially violent crimes and ask the agencies to get you into those area, that area, make that your priority. I'm also going to tell you that one of the things that you need to also do is to consider looking at not necessarily when you first get there, if you don't have housing available, I'm hearing a shared living situation and this shared living situation isn't, it could be like a place that rents, someone who rents rooms that's in a nicer area but you're just getting the room but you're not going to be there forever or somebody who has, I'm just getting an area that they share a shared living situation and this way you can be there and get familiar with the areas and work with the agencies while you get into the housing that you need. The second thing I'm hearing and I don't know your age and I don't know why they're saying this and I'm sorry I don't know your age but to look at where senior housing apartments or complexes are and if you're not a senior and you can't get into that, make sure that you're right around that because a senior complex is typically they're not filled with younger like little bit more wild people. I don't don't know if that makes sense to you, I hope that makes sense to you but the thing I'm hearing, those are the things I'm hearing for you so please take that into consideration and do your homework. Somebody on the other side is saying do your homework and be very smart about this relocating. I hope that was really really helpful and thank you so much for calling in and please do feel free to call back again and ask more questions in future shows and I will be more than happy to help you. I'm going to go to 519-519, please let me know your name, your area code and if you have me on speakerphone please take me off of speakerphone. Hey Jennifer, how are you? Excellent, excellent, how can I help you Jennifer? Can I have another slide connection, do you want the name? Yes, absolutely, David, okay. Instantly I see a man with dark hair and he was like a normal size build, I don't know what that means, I know what it means because I see it but it was just a normal size guy. Can I ask who David was to you? My grandfather didn't not have dark hair. When he was younger, I'm seeing him much younger the person I'm seeing, he was a blonde, okay who's the gentleman because the first person I'm seeing and if this isn't for you it could be for somebody else and I apologize if this is not for you.  That sounds like my other grandfather. Oh thank you, thank you okay so he's here too, oh my gosh I was panicking for a second I'm like oh my gosh okay so he's here too, he is here also so they are both here. For a second I was like oh my gosh I'm about to be, I typically, I have to remember that if you call in one family member more will show up and I have to explain to everybody please let me, let me say this to you just because I can see some people on the other side or hear some I don't see everybody do you know how overwhelming that would be I don't see everyone I don't hear everyone I see some I hear some and I sense some some people will send messages through me and I'll never know you know I know they're from the light and mostly it's angels but okay so we have one grandpa showing up and one great grandpa here and the first thing I want to ask you is did you have any specific question or anything you wanted to know know from them? I was asking for he seemed to have a lot of information about what's going on in the world today and I was interested in anything that he had to say about it because it just seemed like he knew everything that was going to transpire over the next 30 years. Yeah so I think oh my god this doesn't happen a lot but I think it's about to happen so the first thing that he wants to say is get ready now I have to be careful of what's said on the show so please be patient with me everybody get ready be prepared don't don't buy don't buy the hype don't don't feed okay don't feed the cows because you're just going to get a bunch of bullshit I don't okay whatever that means I'm not good at farm lingo thingers I really don't don't know about how that is meant but I know what it means but I'm not and what he wants to say is don't okay yeah okay gotcha don't don't believe the hype um they are they are there's oh my god there's so much he wants to say and I'm I hear the word convoluting and I know the gist of what he wants to say so I'm gonna say the gist of what he wants to say I know that he he's saying get ready what's going on right now is to get everybody off of guard for what's coming he's saying stay prepared don't think it's over because it's not over and know that in a very short period of time things are going to I I don't understand like take over or take take take back take back they're take back so okay I know you're from Canada Jennifer and what I want to say is here in America they just did this big publicity stunt called this big campaign called row and I know people are going to be so angry with me that I'm laughing at this and calling at this but row b wade now let me that before before you like get your bunny in a tizzle sit back and breathe this is designed to divide and conquer and to distract a site it was designed to incite incite in part in part but the bigger thing is okay if you're watching the left hand you're never looking at the right hand so while everybody is fighting over RVW in America and other countries are chiming in and everybody's so passionate about this they're not taking away that right that right still exists they're just handing it over to individual states now believe me women when you're coming on saying that's it we're not having sex with men okay that's that's your choice that's that's your choice that that if you want to have a sex strike from what I hear from most men women are mostly on sex strikes any I don't know I'm joking don't come at me but what I'm gonna say is um I don't I don't know I'm so I'm so ungodly uncomfortable with with saying this because I know no matter how I say it some people are not going to they just want to believe what they want to believe so here's the deal everything they're putting in the the news which I now call the press I call it like a gossip magazine everything they put on the gossip magazines on the news and if you still believe the news I'm so sorry some fairy tales do come true hopefully none of them that are on the news though yeah I'm just sorry if you still believe what they're saying um but here's the thing everything they put out there that is causing such an emotional reaction from us and causing us to choose a side they're doing it so that we're not paying attention to what they're doing and they can do what they want now let me tell you something everything with Ukraine is falling apart all the truth is starting to come out okay why are celebrities going to Ukraine in the middle of such a bad war is that because that's the only place with the labs for the adrenal oh oh why did Pelosi going there looking like she was 90 some years old and come back looking like 30 years younger wow amazing that Ukraine a war-torn area has that effect on people did you guys know that the U.S. has agreed to send like 100 million whatever dollars on top of the billions they've already sent every single month until whenever while this war is going on I would call that rent for the biolabs so stop stop thinking it's about about RV view stop thinking it's about Putin against the other leader that that is is is a P whatever we call him stop thinking it's about that it's so our leaders can do what they want and not get busted we don't see what they're doing and your grandfathers both of them are saying be aware of this stand united no matter what country you're in stick together they're going to let you think that everything is okay and then when you think everything is okay it's going to um I don't um it's you're going they're going to pull out their tricks again that's the best way that I can say that um they do they do have a plan they've had this plan for quite some time as you know your grandfathers were very aware and they are saying they still think they have a shot at this plan the only way we the only way this plan does not go through is if we stay united if we stay together and stop being so easily distracted and divided by these things they're putting in front of us um any any protests that have violence is being paid for those people are being paid for by people outside of our leaders so please do not believe this if you see it okay these are people that are being busted and paid just like in the past so having said all of that please um do not get so one side or the other or argue with people about their beliefs and opinions stay focused on what the people at the top are doing I love you all so much from the bottom of my heart please have an absolutely amazing day and just stay connected please do not just stay connected stay connected until Wednesday thank you very much everybody


I want to thank you all for attending this talk about how do you put a little bit of physical in the school. We are in this area and a little bit of it, it's here. We are the teachers at the Changit City Life School in Barcelona. We have over 1,000 computers that we have to update. And we usually did the cloning system. But as we saw in the system, we tried to, we tried some systems. When we did the cloning system, we adopted exactly 2 units. What we will be explaining in this talk, 54, is what we will be solving. I saw that we will try. And we keep in touch with what things we went through with the system at different levels. And I saw that we solved all the problems that we had during this past years, while using these mental methods in our school. We will talk about the storage, and things about the storage. All supervisors. Who is that BDI who has to organize the districts where they run, and who decides where it's better to run. The networking, client rules, the users of the system, connects to BDI. And the system is scaled from the beginning. So, for example, the system can improve your organization. So, it's an open source virtual list-tops. We are focused on rest-tops, planning rest-tops, and servers. Of course, everyone serves with the server. And then we have a fast and easy interface, that allows all the users, especially the pitchers, to create a very autonomous system with rest-tops. We're storing the server, and then delivering all the server, these created templates to the students. We need an easy interface that is quick, and also that could be used by all the users in our organization. We have an interface for the users where they create their rest-tops, and they can start it, or access to the client via. And we have also a quick system. We can make a number of rest-tops. They can start, they can create. Also, we have another part, this demonstration part, where we can access all the rest-tops, the users, the providers, and the users on the system. Why? Why do we create an exact program? Well, the philosophy was a little bit what I explained. We need a system that brings autonomy to pitchers, and also to all the students. One of the ones that I would tell the staff in our school, we didn't want to spend more time delivering the server to the classrooms. We tried with all the musician systems, and we didn't have a special interface to what we needed. So, we will start with my example. That's the typical use case. The teacher usually comes with a server. The server they have for a remote, they have just moved. And they need to install it, test it, and then deploy it to those. So, now, the philosophy has changed. We say, okay, just go to the exact web, install it. So, we provide a form where they can choose from templates and then you create it. We create and optimize some templates, we call it the base templates, where they can start a new desktop. They choose whether a base template be one or maybe templates that all teachers have created. And they can choose also the hardware, the LAN. They can attach the desktop to the LAN where they are going to use it, for example. And after you have created the desktop, and it's still called the server data, they want to deploy that to the students, so that this program is, okay, just convert the desktop to a template and then it can look to all the users. So, when he was in class, he says to their students, okay, create, set, look for a new template, and create the desktop. The students have the rest of it. This is a really fast, really fast sequence. Here it works at the level of the disks, the disks we use. We create the base systems and we place it. The teacher creates the desktop, instance of the software we want to use in the class, and converts this to a template. So, this is a template, output with only. And after that, the users just create the desktop and all the data they like on the disk go to the disks they attach to the desktop. So, the system is growing itself as users are creating templates and new desktops. This is a view from the designer. So, you can see that we are at the tree of the disks who they are growing. What we use is a chain of disks. With QEMO image, you can mitigate the disk from one disk and you can continue so on. So, with this system we have, for example, more than 2,000 virtual desktops and only 8 terabytes of cloud disk. So, one of the theories that we have is a little bit of space wasted using these chains. Also, as RBDI has the ability to configure it, you can set up as RBDI to set the disk, the users disks, on different storage servers. So, the IO performance that is critical in these systems gets improved. It will balance the disks based on weights you can set. So, with this system, we have lowered this budget. We have balanced the tasks that we can set in different servers. So, we have better IO performance. And it's the disk of our files, our TQL files. So, you can just store it wherever you want and carry it on the network with whatever system you want. We use NFS4 as the sharing system. I provide those on the storage, but you can use whatever you want. And the other thing that we use to lower budget is this cache. This cache, we have tried to enhance IO and DM write-boss. The first one is currently maintained. And we have changed to DM write-boss. We have additional disks that are slow. And we have NVMI disks really fast. But they are quite expensive. So, we buy the cheapest ones in size, the smallest ones. And we configure the DM write-boss to write all the desktops right to these quick disks. And you can see it here. Here there is the impact of writes of multiple desktops. And after that, in blue, you can see how the cache is lading the disk down to rotational disk. So, we can lower the budget also using this system. Okay. How ISART BDI controls the hypervisors. We use generic KVM hypervisor. You can find it in main distributions. So, there is no specific software needed to be installed apart from the main KVM packages. And we do all the monitoring from ISART software through SSH on all the hypervisors. So, it's quite simple to setup. One thing is that we have tried with Intel server boards and these expensive boards. But in the end, we have seen that if you balance the cost performance of these boards, using more commercial boards as hypervisors, you get a better performance system than using only small ones. Sorry. Using high-end main boards with a lot of features that are really costly. So, sometimes it's better that you have a farm of hypervisors better than trying to buy a computer server and hypervisor with a lot of RAM, a lot of CPUs. The cost will be too much for the performance you will get. So, we assembled all the hardware ourselves. It's gaming, so you have lights everywhere. Lights. On the engine part of ISART, we have an orchestrator that will monitor all the time the hypervisors and the desktops that are going to be run on those hypervisors. So, this algorithm has weights and will decide based on the free resources on the hypervisors and based on the resources needed for the next desktops that are going to be run, which is the best hypervisor where to place this desktop. Well, on the network part, we started with bonding with internet cards of four boards, for example, and we set up bonding to have four gigabits. And after that, we start looking at 10 gigabytes, 10 gigabits switch. One thing that we have seen in the past five years is that you can get quite low price switches on eBay, second hand, and they are rock solid. So, it's a hardware part that you can buy second hand and you can lower a lot the costs. Maybe three or four times the cost of the new switch. We use corporate internet switches and network cards and 10 gigabyte switches. Now we have about 40 gigabits switch, also second hand. And we set up all the networking with this second hand hardware. Well, another thing that we have seen with our experience is that you have to split those three network streams and try not to mix that on interfaces because it will get bad user experience if you mix it. You have to send video, send video, the client video through one interface and one network. The access to internet of these desktops, you have to split it, you have to use another interface to send it. And, of course, the storage part, you have to, you need to assign network apart from the others. What happened in the beginning is that we had video network access to internet of the desktops mixed and user experience a lot of lack when trafficker internet of these desktops were on the same interface. So this is the new 40 gigabyte switch we have bought and another 10 gigabyte switch that we have and we split storage, access to internet and video on those three networks. What we are providing is a BDI with multiple kinds of access. We try to bring bio access so the user, the students, are starting to bring their laptops to school and they can use the already created templates of the teachers on their laptops so the network access on the school. Between all these viewers we use an iOS spice web client that works quite well for normal use and brings access to a lot of clients that have only a browser. With the spice you need a client to be installed on the client computer but you will have quite good performance and also some features like transparent USB book on your desktop, on your virtual desktop. VNC works quite well also and most of the operating systems already have VNC ready and RDP to access all the kind of Windows clients. With the clients, client viewers, we have set up some computers with Raspberry as the client that they access the system and get the desktop and well, it works quite well for normal use if you try to do graphics, intense graphics, something like that, of course it doesn't work quite well. How it escalates all the system so it can get bigger. Here we started with a system in one computer that we tried with a few students and we tried if the concept could work. So you can have an iZart VDI for personal use all in one, one computer, you set up iZart VDI or even you can have a mobile computer you have a cube, it's a mini ITX mainboard with a shown CPU and I think 64 gigabytes of RAM with an access point and direct 10G access network. So we can use this as a portable iZart that we can set quickly on a new classroom. We have to install also on some laptops just to show some demos of the software. Of course you can have a setup of one computer only. The problem is that you only have one computer if it breaks. You have nothing else, but we started like that. We had one computer for one class and we used Gigabit bonding of the network connected to the classroom switch and they used it on that platform. We have some pictures. We assemble all the computers we have in the school. But of course this has grown a lot and when you have a big infrastructure where you want to deliver the built-in desktops you need to set up a cluster for reliability, hypervisors, a pool of hypervisors and you have, you need 10G copper Ethernet or fiber Ethernet to bring all this traffic to your classrooms. Our solution, as we don't waste a lot of disk space with all desktops, was to set up DRVD between two NAS servers that have the hard disks. These two servers keep data synchronized with DRVD and with this art we can, as we said before we share the disks on both servers so the hypervisors will get this from both NAS servers and we get a better IO performance when all the desktops are writing on the disk. And we set up also a Pismica cluster that brings us the possibility to fail one of the NASs and all the system will work with the other. All the services will go from one NAS to the other if something goes wrong. And we use the, of course, second hand network hardware to connect all this device. More or less what we have now is something like that where we have those two NAS servers and we have the hypervisors that will run the virtual desktops and on clients we have different kinds of access laptops, raspberries, we have different kinds of clients and connections. Also to make it easy to install we did a Docker setup so we have a Git repository where there is the software you can bring up an Azure TDI in your computer in minutes and try the software and its possibilities. I have time, I think. What I will show you now is more or less how it works on a day-by-day basis. We have the Quartz. Its user has a limit on what he can create and run. So, for example, a teacher creates desktops, sets a name, this is a real-time video, I think, sets the hardware he wants to be set up on that. One thing that happens is that a lot of software of ARM robots and the robotics and everything like that the company gives Windows software, we have Linux on the computers, but they need to program that ARM robot so this is the solution with Spice. They can just do a transparent USB plug on the desktop so the physical USB will be seen inside the virtual desktop. So the teacher just downloads the software, installs it on this newly created desktop. This is real-time, so it started so quick. The NVM-A cache works really well. The NVM-RiteBoss cache that we have talked about before. So he will install the software and after that he converts it to we open software just to see that the desktop works quite quick. It's really fast. Also the Ion disk is really fast. This is the typical research of the teacher. He installs the software that he wants to use with the students and he tries that it works and after that he will convert it to a template. All this desktop based on a windows that we have set up will convert it to a template and it can be dedicated on all the desktops. So it can be used by other teachers or other students. Well, we shoot down this desktop and we just convert it to a template that will be seen by all the other users in the school. So it's a really quick system that we needed for school and we tried all the softwares and we couldn't find a system that was so quick in all this process. And that brings the autonomy to the teacher and to the students to create their own desktops with the software they want. And a student in the class goes into his art and he will find the template. So he creates a desktop. This is a real-time video. We haven't cut the video. The students have less quota on running desktops and hardware and all that and we can access the desktop through different client views. So if you have... Thanks for your attention and if you have any questions about... Wives could tell that better than us. He asks, how long did it take for us to develop the software and also the settings of the hardware that is behind that? A lot of hours, of course. We like it. It was like a personal project that we wanted to try. Let's give it a try. It works with one computer. Let's start more desktops. What happens? You have a lot of I.O. You have a problem. Okay, let's look. We need better hard disks with faster speed and writing. We have an old budget. Then we look... We have cache disks, cache disks, so we set up cache disks and we started growing that for maybe four or five years. Then we started setting up all the systems. What we have seen is that teachers discover this software in the school because we didn't promote this software in the school. When they discovered it, it was like talking between them and it grew up. We couldn't stop that. It was high demand of these desktops. You have an LDIP. Sorry. If I understand, you are asking how do we map the users to the system? We have an LDAP system. We have three levels of... We have roles. We have groups. We have categories in our LDAP on the school. That was already set up. We just have a kind of plugin, a script that you can set up for your LDAP to automatically get the users from your system. Also, you can create your users, local users, without any authentication system. Any other questions? Yeah. That is a big problem. The question was, what about the licensing of the software you are running inside these... these virtual desktops? It happens the same with all the systems you... virtual desktops systems you drive. There are policy, Microsoft has its own, and I think you are talking about Microsoft licensing. You have... You need a physical license to... and then you can run that license on a virtual desktop, something like that. There is like a... a problem of licensing, virtual desktops, but this is the same in all the systems. There is no other way to do it. You have to... You need the physical license of that virtual desktop. Any other questions? Yeah. We are using... Sorry. Which version of DRG we are using in our system? We are using... I think it's version 8, and now there is version 9. Version 8, you only have two servers, and we want to... When we have more time, we want to try new version 9 and it lets you set up more servers, try it together, but we haven't tried yet. Yeah, we tried Glaster in the beginning of Glaster as a system that will let us grow, but the performance, I don't know now, but it was four or five years ago, the performance of the system was so low that we started looking for cache disks and a system that didn't grow up in size of disks a lot, so we started developing our own system. Ah, thefts. Yeah, you need five servers maybe to set up a minimal... In the beginning we tried Glaster and we saw that the performance was not so well, and with thefts we saw that we need a lot of servers to set up the storage, a minimal storage, so for us it was cheaper this setup. So in all the system we tried to keep the budget low. I don't know if you can... Maybe you cannot see it so well. We monitor all the system and as you can see here, well, these two peaks are the load of the NAS, when on top there you can see the hypervisor on the desktops started, so it goes from 5, 6 desktops to 60 desktops. I don't know the time, I don't remember, but in a few times you have a lot of desktops started and what you get is a high load on the NAS, the storage, on the storage, but the cache system, in this small setup, works so well. You can optimize it a lot. We have run with six hypervisors... Sorry, he asked if we have tried the system to the limits. Of course we like to do that during night and all that. And with six hypervisors, 64 GB RAM, 128 GB, 12 GB cores, 24 GB cores mixed all together and gaming boards, most of them. We start 120 GB, something like that easily. The students make the start at the same time. The teacher says, OK, start. And the cache, it's very heavy. The IO performance when... Also, when the teacher has created a template, what happens is that he's in a class of 25 students and we say, OK, let's go to Isaac BDI and create a template now. And you create 25 hard disks, but with this system, the hard disk, it's 200 kilobytes, I think, and it will grow up as the student starts writing on the disk. So this process is not so consuming. In the engine, we have a queues? Queues, yes. We have queues of operations, we control how this behavior goes. If it's so quick, we can stop some stats and delay it a bit. Well, no one knows. But it has been a software that the teachers are demanding more and more. So now we are trying to keep an stability of all the system as it is growing, because you need more resources and everything will grow. But, well, I don't know where it will reach. The commercial solutions, as he said, where and all these commercial solutions are really expensive. If we ask also for 20 desktops and it was like... The problem for us also was that they say, okay, you have also to go to this company and buy or you have to set up this storage like this and this and the costs were a lot higher. So it's not only the software, it's the hardware. They want to run the software. So we did it ourselves from round up all the hardware. We assembled the computers. We set up the switches and the network cards. Also, we tuned the network cards, the performance of the network cards. And we did the software as also the interfaces we have seen. Didn't have this speed in creating and converting desktops to templates. Any other questions? Okay, thanks for your attention.