It's one o'clock on a Monday afternoon, so you must be watching Think Tech Hawaii Research in Manoa. I'm your host, Pete McGinnis-Marc, and my guest today is Dr. Bin Chen, who has been on this particular show a number of times, but Bin, you're from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, and your area of expertise is high-pressure mineral physics. So before we get started, people have already seen earlier shows with you. Just remind us, what does somebody who does high-pressure mineral physics really do? Yeah, so what we really do is to employ high-pressure devices like a diamond anvil cell or a large ballon press to squeeze samples to very high pressure, and then we also heat it up. And then we use x-ray or laser to probe the material properties under these conditions. And then over the purpose of this experiment is to try to understand the structure or the compositional makeup of the planetary interior. Okay, so this is really high pressures in comparison to what the general public would experience. It's not like just going down to the bottom of the ocean and the water pressure. This is really deep. This is hundreds of miles down beneath the Earth's surface. So we can actually obtain the same kind of pressures and the same kind of temperatures that one would see inside the interior of the Earth. Is that correct? Yes. So using a device called a diamond anvil cell. So it's a pocket size, but we can squeeze samples to the pressure, temperature conditions found at the center of the Earth, so which is like more than three million atmosphere pressure. Three million times the pressure that you and I are experiencing right now in the studio for example. Yeah, exactly. And you mentioned samples. Are these big room size samples or are these little tiny things? It's a very tiny sample because we know that the pressure is basically forced over an area. So in order to reach higher pressure, we can either increase the force or we can decrease reduce the area that the diameter applied to. So the samples are usually, in order to reach the pressure of the center of the Earth, the sample volume is usually like tens of micro. Oh, very small. Very small. You can still see the sample, but only with a magnifying glass and that sort of thing. Yeah, okay. And just to recap once more, we can do this to look at the minerals within the Earth. I think you've also brought along the first slide, if we can take a look at that. We can also apply this to the interior of any other planet. That's why you're in the Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. And here we're seeing the first slide with the Earth and I guess these are all drawn to the same scale. Earth on the left-hand side, the moon, top center, Mars on the far right and the planet Mercury at the bottom. And we've got a ratio here, rc over rp is what? So it's the core radius versus the planetary radius. The radius of the core inside the planet. Yeah, over the radius of the planet. And what's interesting is that these numbers are different, right? Yeah, these are quite different. And then, so we know that the terrestrial-like planet, they all have crust, mantle, and the core. And then the Earth, so the Earth core is like 2,900 kilometers in depth. So we can reach the top of the Earth's outer core if we do hold 2,900 kilometers deep. And then we can reach. Yeah, that is of course impossible. But in our experiment, we can re-stimulate the conditions at that depth. But the same experiments you're conducting, you could also learn something about the interior of our moon, or Mars, or Mercury, presumably if you change the composition of the materials in your samples and that sort of thing. Yeah, we are trying to understand what are the conversations we make up of all these planet cores. So for the Earth core, there are many candidates, such as carbon, oxygen, like that. So the Earth core is the minimum of iron and nickel. And for our dedicated viewers, of course, this is all background, because Bin's been on the show at least a couple of times before. But you've just come back from Chicago, where you've had like six weeks of experiments. So let's segue into what's new in your field, all right? So I think you went to the Argonne National Labs, which we've got in the second slide. And so tell us a bit about what you were doing over the last six weeks. In the last six weeks, we had six experiments. So in order to get the beam time in the advanced light source, we had to apply in advance, we had to submit a proposal, and then we can gather sometimes three days, sometimes six days beam time. So I have six of them, like a sixth of these proposals founded for the beam time. And then so what do we do is that we employ the high-brilliance and high-energy access source produced by this... And in the image, we're using some jargon here. Let's explain for our audience. You mentioned beam time. Well, you went to this facility, which is outside Chicago. And the beam, is that like a death ray from Star Trek? What do you mean by beam time? Yeah, the beam time is basically the time that is awarded to a PI, the principal investigator who can use the high-brilliance X-ray to probe your samples there. So there are many beam lines, it's like a station, like more than 30 stations around the ring. So we only use a few of these stations, but there are some other stations. And do you have to go to Chicago, presumably, because those X-ray beams are not available here in Hawaii, is that correct? No, it's not available here, because it's highly energetic, correct? Yeah, because the brightness of the X-ray is close to the brightness of the surface of the song, so that's really bright. And so when the audience hears you say, you're using X-rays, this is not like the X-ray you would have when you go to the dentist to do your teeth, this is thousands, if not millions of times more intense, correct? Yeah, it's much more nice. And let's take a look back at that same image, because you're working on some equipment here, correct? Yeah. The experiment that we conducted, employing the technique available at one of the stations for the experimental touch at the Argonne National Lab. So this picture shows my student, Xiaojin Lai, working in this touch. She was trying to install a diamond arrow cell at the stage. And then, surrounding the diamond arrow cell, there are like three detectors, so we used to probe the very weak signals from the sample. And then from the signals, we can determine the vibrational and acoustic properties of the samples squeezed between two diamonds. Then we can determine the sound velocity. And this was a new project that you had to go there for six weeks. So can you tell us a bit about what was your objective to make this trip and to do this particular study? Yeah, this is a project funded by the National Science Foundation through the early career program. So the project is mainly about the sound of the lattice dynamics of iron aeroid on the high pressure in order to understand the composition and also the structure of the process. So this is a five-year project. And then I have this funding. And you mentioned the National Science Foundation's early career award. These are very difficult to obtain, and you managed to win such an award a year or so ago. It was my recollection. So congratulations on that. And it's great to see that you've got students engaged already in training the next generation. Let's look at the third slide, because that will show us a bit more of the equipment, I guess, that you're using. There's three images here. Let's start with the big blue thing at the left-hand side. What is that? So this is a press that we use to squeeze large volume of samples under pressure. And we also heat it up, use this resistive heating method. So we have X-ray from the right side. And then, so the press is basically, because X-ray is stationary, we cannot move X-ray. We have to move this press. This press is a one-thousand ton press that can generally read the one-thousand US ton. That's one-thousand tons, yes. Then we, so in the experimental heart, we can lift this whole press off the ground and move this press at a precision of micrometer level. Like a, it's like a, yeah, a micrometer level precision. And the other image at the lower right of this slide, if we could... The lower right of this slide, this shows... This is the module we are using to compress our samples. So you can see that this, the center cube is compressed from six directions. Okay. Four sides, top and bottom. Yeah, four sides and top and bottom. And then our sample is located at the center of these eight cubes compressed by the bottom six directions. So in this experiment, we actually acquired a new grade of tungsten carbide cubes. So we are trying to double the pressure capability of this large volume press to like from 25, or 250,000 bar to 500,000 bar. And if you can increase the pressure, then that's equivalent to going deeper into the... Yeah. And you can do a lot of research using this new grade of tungsten carbide cubes. I see. And that new material, is that developed in Hawaii, or is it just commercially available? It's developed in Japan. So Japan is quite advanced in the super-hardened material research. So they have this new grade of tungsten carbide cubes. So we were very lucky that we gathered these cubes and wanted to double the pressure capability that can be achieved in the US, in Japan. In Japan, they have already done that. And our national labs, is that the only facility in the United States? Or are there others? Or are there facilities like that in Japan or elsewhere? Yeah, there are a lot of single-chrome facilities, not a lot of them, like a number of them. Like in the US, in the West Coast, there's the other ones, the light source. The Lawrence Livermore National Lab. And then in the Midwest, we have the Argonne National Lab. And then on the East Coast, we have this NSLS, Brookhaven National Lab. So it's three or four, and you said single-chrome. This is a facility that provides these high-energy X-ray particles that investigators like yourself and our colleagues at the university can come out and use. But not many, and there are a few other facilities elsewhere outside the United States. Yeah, yeah, so there are a few in Europe, you have a few single-chrome. But not many, because it's very costly, and then you need a lot of money to run it. I see. Well, we're just about coming up to a break bin. But when we come back, first of all, I have to ask, why do you do this? Apart from, it's fascinating. And then also, how did you get into this field? So we'll take a break right now. Let me just remind the viewers that you're watching Think Tech Hawaii Research in Manoa. I'm your host, Pete McGinnis-Mark, and my guest today is Dr. Bin Chen from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology at UH Manoa, and we'll be right back. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. And welcome back to Think Tech Hawaii Research in Manoa. I'm your host, Pete McGinnis-Mark, and our guest today is Dr. Bin Chen, who's an assistant researcher at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology at UH Manoa. And we're talking about high pressure mineral physics. Well, Bin, before we went to the break, you were showing us slides of some of these pieces of equipment. And I see that you've brought to the studio just one of these small sample holders. So if we can put the table camera on, what is it that we're looking at? And let me just put my glasses so that people can see the scale, all right?  What is it? So this is a model for the diamond and arrow scale. So it's pocket-sized, so it can squeeze samples between two diamonds. So between the two curate of the diamond. And then so we know that the pressure is generated by applying force to an area. So we've got two little pieces in the middle, right? So at the center is for the metal gasket.  So you need to be quite handy in loading very fine samples to like a curate, like a flat surface with a radius of like a 20 micron. So even though you've got this giant press, that big piece of blue equipment we saw in one of the slides, which was many refrigerators in size, you're working with various fine pieces of equipment. So that leads me to the question, how did you get into this field? Yeah, that's a good question. So I was trained as a geochemist before, so I worked on oxygen isotopes of monomorphic rocks. And when I applied for graduate school, so I happened to enter this field.  And then I think I'm quite good at doing all these experiments. So I'm always fascinated in people's career paths. So you started off as a geologist, correct? Yeah, geochemist. Yeah, geochemist, you were looking at the composition of different rocks and the isotopes of this material. But then you seemed to be into equipment and doing really fine detailed stuff. Did that transition occur when you were graduate school or when you applied to UH for a job? Have you been doing this for years? Yeah, I have been doing this since 2004. My first project is about mercury. The planet mercury? Yeah, the planet mercury. So we conducted high pressure experiments on the melting of the iron sulfur system. And then we found that the snowing or raining of the iron crystals in mercury's liquid alcohol is likely the cause for the magnetic field in mercury. Would you say your career path is unusual? If someone wanted to follow you, would she be able to do this kind of study at any university? Or is there just one or two places around the country which specialize in? Minimum physical program is not a very large program in the US. They are only a handful of universities have this program. And I think it's not an unusual career path. It's quite unusual. But then the next question is why should anybody care? What would the person in the street see as the relevance of this work? How do you justify studying these minerals at extreme pressure? What's the relevance? The main reason is all the curiosity, like all these space missions. So we send the spacecraft to the outer space and then trying to understand the universe. There is also a universe in the interior of the planet. Because it's actually more inaccessible than the outer space. Because you cannot drill very deep into the interior of the Earth. And then you get a sample. But it's probably easier to get a sample from the Moon than you get a sample from the Moon. The work you do is kind of a detective story trying to understand where particular minerals occur within, let's say, the Earth's interior. Is that important? Is there anything? I've heard that earthquakes, the shockwave can go through the entire interior of the Earth. Does your work relate to understanding earthquakes? My work is not directly related to earthquakes. But my colleague, our colleague, Chen Mek Dera, he's now mainly working on the subductive slab. Some of the minerals are found in the subductive slab. Subductive slabs is where the Earth's crust is overturning through plate tectonics. So we are trying to understand the physics and the chemistry of the planetary interior. So of course the main reason is out of curiosity. And the other is actually our research is a very important piece that we can use to understand the chemical evolution of planets. If we look back at the history of the planet and how all these environments are. And I've also heard that the Earth's interior is probably unusual in that it generates a magnetic field, which protects us from radiation. Is that correct? Does that relate to the kind of work that you can do? Yes, so the work I did about the Mercury's core. Mercury is a very smaller version of Earth. Mercury also has a magnetic field. So our work, our high pressure work, we actually did have a very good, we proposed a very good mechanism for the generation of the magnetic field in Mercury. And I hope that we can do the same for the Earth. And even planets like Jupiter have magnetic fields, which Jupiter's interior is much higher pressure. And the magnetic field is of relevance to people in their everyday life because it shields us from the radiation from the outer space. I see. So even though your research is basically pure discovery, there are things like studying deep earthquakes, like studying the magnetic field, which protects us from the Sun. So that's presumably why NSF is interested. Is that correct? Yeah. And also our research, there might be some like a byproduct from our research. For example, some group of researchers, the things like this large nano-crystalline diamond that has industrial, like, use. So you mentioned diamonds, and diamonds are created deep within the Earth's interior. So you can, can you make diamonds? Can you sort of, the pressures that you're producing? Yeah, we make diamonds all the time. So we, yeah, if we use graphite capital and then under pressure and temperature, like produced by our multilevel press, so we can see the diamond very easily. Yeah. And of course, if we want to see a size like a centimeter sized diamond, then we need larger press. Okay. So you're not going to get rich by mass producing diamonds then? Yeah, there's some company doing that. Oh, really? Yeah, there are things like diamonds. So are there commercial applications trying to understand materials or anything like that? Yeah, I think so these high pressure techniques, so we use it for basic research, but we can also use it for material science research. I see, and I've heard of other faculty members at UH who have actually looked at the performance of material on the stress here, either in explosions or that sort of thing. So there's a lot of relevance, even though you're basically doing pure research, as we've found in the show and many other programs, pure research has direct relevance, either to people in Hawaii or to the broader society in terms of new technologies and that sort of thing. Yeah. That's terrific. Well, we're getting near the end of the show, Ben, so let me just thank you again, and remind our viewers, you've been watching Think Tech Hawaii Research in Manoa. I'm your host, Pete McGinnis-Mart, and today we've had as our guest Dr. Ben Chen, who's an assistant researcher at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology at UH Manoa, and thank you for watching today, and hopefully you will join us again next week at the same time. Goodbye for now.


In 2020, it was reported that Kardashian family matriarch Kris Jenner unexpectedly sold her famous main residence in Hidden Hills in an off-market deal. While the successful momager owns a few other properties, it left us to wonder where she's moving to next. Reportedly, Kris bought a newly built mega mansion in the same neighborhood, right next door to her daughter Khloe's new home, which I mentioned on this channel recently. Today, we'll check out a couple of Kris's properties as well as what we know about her brand new spot. In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses, and even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Kris and Mary Jenner, aka Kris Jenner, is a media personality, socialite, producer, entertainment manager, businesswoman and more, who rose to fame in the reality series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. I think we can all agree that this woman is a genius, as well as the best momager in the world.  Between managing her family's careers and brokering deals on everyone's behalf, Kris is an estimated net worth of about $190 million dollars as of 2020, according to Forbes. With that fortune, Kris is a veteran luxury real estate expert, and while she's just sold to her main mansion in Hidden Hills, that's far from her only estate. Kris continues to maintain a $12 million dollar desert getaway in La Quinta, California, three multi-million dollar condos in Calabasas, at least two of which are occupied by family members, and another mansion where her son Rob Kardashian lives with his daughter Dream. Of course, Kris just bought her newly built mega home in Hidden Hills too. Hey guys it's Kara the Vampire Slayer and today we're bringing you another house tour here on Femus Entertainment. I noticed 95% of you watching aren't subscribed, so hit that subscribe button and ring that bell, we post a new video daily. You guys requested this one and even though we already did a Kris Jenner house tour, that was back in 2019 and it seemed due for an update. We'll take a look at a couple of Kris's homes past and present, including what we know about the brand new Hidden Hills abode. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram to chat and as usual, let me know who's house tour is next in those comments down below. Alright, let's get into this video. I'll start with the bad news first, which is that there are no photos of Kris's new residential purchase online, at least not of the interior. This home is a brand new build, wasn't officially listed on the open market, but we do know some details. Back in spring 2020, Kris sold her freshly redone Hidden Hills mansion for $15 million to Katarina Harve, daughter of Cody Chairman Peter Harve, the man who helped oversee Cody's acquisition of Kylie Cosmetics. We'll take a look at this mansion and the makeover it underwent in just a moment, which was located right across from Kim and Connie's palace like a safe. But it seems that Kris still wanted to keep her family close. She and her daughter Chloe Kardashian have both put down eight figures to buy brand new homes built in 2020 inside the community set right next door to one another. The mansions are located on Ashley Ridge, the pocket of Hidden Hills that many consider the most desirable section of town. Other residents here include the likes of Jeffrey Starr, DeMar DeRozan and more. This same local developer built both their houses and each estate spans well north of 10,000 square feet of living space. They're designed in the popular modern farmhouse style. They sit on 1.5 acres of land each and while there are no photos of the houses online, at least one of the homes is over 16,000 square feet. Of course, Kris's new mansion will have every amenity you could dream up like an eight-car garage, a guest house, movie theater, gym, lounge, office and pool with spa. And that's not all. At one point in time, Kris and Chloe's properties were part of a single large estate that covered three acres of land and a mansion of almost 20,000 square feet. The opulent but outdated mansion was owned by construction magnate Ron Tudor and was even leased to the one and only Britney Spears. After changing hands a few times, the property was subdivided and new homes were rebuilt in place of the old one. It isn't yet publicly known what Kris paid for her property, but it's believed she would have shelled out well over 10 million dollars. In summer of 2020, Kris sold her main residence in the same star-studded neighborhood of Hidden Hills for exactly $15 million in an off-market all-cash deal, and the home was never publicly listed on the market. Kris bought this modern farmhouse that I'll mention about three years ago for just under 10 million and hired acclaimed designers Tommy and Kathy Clements and Walto Fernandez to give the home a sophisticated makeover. After this, her glamorous space was published in Architectural Digest when Kris gave them a full in-depth tour. I love this house because it has a really open floor plan. It makes me feel really zen and relaxed. Looking at photos of the mansion now, it seems that Kris has somehow made the place look even nicer and likely added some upgrades too. Inside, the estate spans 9,459 square feet with six beds, eight baths, rich hardwood flooring and a lot of fresh white walls. The home boasts a glass front door that swings open into a large foyer attached to the former living and dining rooms of the former with a fireplace and a dining room with custom furniture and a vintage credenza that Ellen DeGeneres used to own. Kris' chic chef's kitchen has Italian marble and top-of-the-line appliances and this space opens to the family room that she had outfitted with a rare sheep sculpture while living here. But the last time I entertained here and Kris'etegan came over, after one little glass of wine, she was riding my sheep. Her former master's suite is also downstairs, located in its own spacious and secluded wing with a walk-in closet and massive bathroom, decked out in more marble than you've ever seen. On the upper level of the home, there's a second family room with wet bar, the guest suites and a home gym. Outside, the property boasts a swimming pool, outdoor kitchen with fire pit and rolling lawns surrounding it. Hidden Hills isn't the only place Kris has real estate either. In 2018, the Kardashian-Generes matriarch dropped $12 million on a beautiful modern mansion in the Coachella Valley, perfect for a vacation getaway spot. Her desert oasis is located in the city of La Quinta, California, more specifically in the manned gates of the Posh Madison Club, which is a golf development community. In 2015, the modern property was constructed and while it's only a single level, it's decidedly sprawling, spending over 11,000 square feet inside. Kris's vacation home has seven beds, eight full baths and two half baths, as well as an additional 3,500 square feet of outdoor living space. The floor plan is arranged around a secure courtyard with two fire features and four fake trees wrapped in fairy lights and sits on close to an acre of land. The home is super minimalistic but offers a ton of amenities like four masonry fireplaces, three oversized fire features in total and a full proof home automation system. There are also additional perks like automated blackout shades on the windows and state of the art sound and light systems throughout the property. There's a long stepped walkway leading up to the grand entrance and it's open plan living for the most part inside the mansion. The living and dining room area looks like more of a hotel ballroom than a family home and boasts multiple areas to lounge, a resort size web bar and opulent chandeliers. Glass panels attach the airy indoor spaces to the west facing deck that spans the full width of the home. Despite the estate's massive size, there are still plenty of spots for the Kardashian-Jenner clan to curl up and talk about their latest business ventures, drama and more. Outside there are also several fire pits and seating as well as a 100 foot long infinity edge swimming pool and spa. Kris's La Quinta home looks like one classy place to soak in sunset and mountain views from, that's for sure. So now we've taken a look at three of Kris Jenner's properties while two are in the details about her brand new one. What did you guys think? Once the queen gives a tour of her new Hidden Hills mansion, we just might have to do another updated house tour on her. Kris is one of the most stylish moms there is and her real estate is no different. If I had to choose between her homes, I think I would pick her Coachella Valley spa. Usually I'm not one for the super modern vibes but in this case, her mansion looks like a luxury resort so I'm here for it. How about you? Let me know which one of Kris's homes you liked best down in the comments. I think my favorite thing about that estate is that sprawling great room that looks over the patio and pool. Who wouldn't want to hang out there? And be sure to like and subscribe to my personal channel if you haven't already. I love seeing you guys comment and getting to know you better over there. Well, thank you my latest video. Queen Victoria's here. Couldn't stand Victoria, queen Victoria. First thing I said was Rebecca Black, is that you? She literally looks like her so much. Thanks for tuning in. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram and let me know whose house tours you want to see next. I'll see you all in the next video. Bye.


Good morning world, welcome back to the channel, it's day number 404 on our circumnavigation around the globe by motorcycle. We're here in the town of Goshen in California in the USA and we just left the camp really early this morning and just went and filled up fuel. There's only 20 pass 7 which for us is like a new record I think on the bike but it was a pretty comfortable night camping there. We can't afford to take rooms in the USA because here in this town they're starting at like $60 a night for a room even in like the cheapest room in town. So pretty much campsites are going to be the only way that we can get a cheap night here in the US. This campsite was part of I think the campgrounds of America so it was $42 for the night. Yes, but we looked on Ioverlander and there were no good suggestions for wild camping spots around this area here and it got really late in darkness yesterday already.  Now we are only 60 miles from our next destination which is the giant Sequoia Forest. So let me show you guys the route for today. So we are here and today we're going to be heading over to the Kings Canyon National Park before returning down to Bakersfield, cutting across the mountains and over to Death Valley. Now normally we would have visited the Sequoia National Forest which houses the largest tree in the world, the giant General Sherman Sequoia Tree. But this park is closed because winter storms have basically ruined all the roads in the park. We checked online. But it did say if you want to see giant sequoias head to the Kings Canyon National Park which is just up from Sequoia National Park and there they have the second largest tree in the world, the General Grant Tree. We should still be able to see some absolutely massive trees today. I can't wait to see them. And after doing the loop through the Sequoia Forest we'll be heading back down to I think Bakersfield where we're going to be making our way to Death Valley. Our aim is to reach Las Vegas tomorrow night because my parents and my brother and my sister are flying in to meet us and then two days later we're getting married by Elvis. Yes, we have some super exciting days ahead but first things first we will have to reach the largest tree or the second largest tree in the world. It's one hour twenty to reach there and it's seven twenty so better hit the road. Let's go. It's crazy the layout of the road here is basically just one giant grid. So you just go straight, straight, straight, straight for ten miles and then take a left and then go straight on that road for ten miles and this whole area is just filled with farmland so there's wine growing here, grapes, you've got I think mandarins or oranges, we've seen cherries, we've seen wheats. So we just stopped on the side of the road to have a bite to eat because we didn't have breakfast yet and I put the bike on the side stand but I guess our bags were too heavy and the hill was a bit too much and it actually fell over the side stand and fell over. That's really unbelievable. Yes, the first time I've ever put it on the side stand and it wouldn't hold it. We've got loads of weight on the bike at the moment with all of our full stuff so we're going to have to take a couple of bits off before we pick it up. I was driving this way and I saw you guys tipping over and I'm on my way to work. I work at the BMW shop and Fresno there and I just thought I'd come and make sure you guys were okay. It would be great if you could help us lift it back up. We actually put it on the side stand but it actually fell over the side stand. Okay, are you guys ready? There we go. Yeah, thanks so much. Okay, be careful guys. Thank you, thank you. Okay, where we welded it, it's kind of still on at the moment but it's definitely got a crack again in it so I think I'll just have to see if it will stay like that. I don't know if we can get another piece like this. We can see if there's a Suzuki parts store in Vegas because if we can get a new piece, it's quite easy to change it out. We'll have to see if we can ride it like that. Yeah, I mean it's given so much ground here. I guess that weld just couldn't take the pressure of the bike sitting on top of it. At least it's still attached for now because I know that he welded some bits on the back as well so maybe that'll hold. We'll see how it goes. I was wondering if you guys had it or if you could order it for me. Okay, glad not at all. Alright, thank you. We're just calling a place in Las Vegas to see if they've got the foot pedal for us. What's the part number? Part number is 43521. Yeah, front left foot bracket, yep. I do not know. Okay, do you know how long it would take to get it in? You think by Friday evening you'd have it? Okay, we could order that in and then come and pick it up when it gets in store. Okay, three, two, one. Okay, I'm up right again. There's always something. Yeah, I can't believe it. I just like the first time it's ever fallen over the kickstand whilst it was down. Yeah. The first time. Yeah, for some reason we thought like it can't do this type of thing, hey. To be fair, we are very, very overloaded at the moment with like a lot of water. The only issue is that the foot pedal is kind of bent forward, so I've got a lot less room to get my foot under the gear. Yeah. I mean, it's better than if the foot pedal was off. Okay. But yeah, I don't know how long that foot pedal is going to stay on there to be honest. No. There's a little bit of a downer at the moment this morning, but hopefully when we go and see some giant sequoias, it's going to lift our spirits. Yes. Oh yeah, we're starting to climb now. We're getting into the mountains. There's a really, really impressive area here. Yeah, we even saw some snowy mountains up in the background. I'm hoping we don't go up as high as that. I don't really want to ride in the snow, but it's beautiful to see. Okay, so we did actually reach the snow line in the end. We are in winter wonderland. Yeah. I did not realize that we'd be climbing up to have snow next to us on the road. That's insane. That is insane actually. Wow. Wow. Winter wonderlands. And as you can see, we're already surrounded by sequoia trees, giant sequoias, which is absolutely awesome. I mean, it's just so spectacular here. And we've got a few more miles to ride. Oh, I say that. No, we're here. Right at the entrance. Wow.  How magical, eh? Look how big this tree there is. Yeah. And that one looks like it's had a fire or been struck by lightning because it's actually completely hollow. They can get really, really big. Really big. The largest tree in the world. Wow. Is a giant sequoia. How impressive. Oh, look at my breath. It's currently eight degrees. So it's not freezing cold, but it's not warm. Hi there. Hello. Hello. How are you? Good. Good. We were wondering if we were able to buy like a multi-pass entry to national parks all over the country. It's possible. It looks like this. Okay. And it will get you into every national park in the state. It's just $80. Okay. But we still have to pay twice $80 or just once. So you just pay one. How cool. $80 and then you both sign it. And then you can each use it on your own. Really? Oh, that's really cool. Even together. That's cool. That's nice. That's awesome. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Good. Let me see if I can get up right. Okay. Just about. Careful with the foot pedal. Yep. Okay. That's cool. That means we can just go in and out of any national park in the country. And we don't have to pay any extra. Yeah. It's actually a really good price as well. I'm happy about that. I mean, I remember the times in Chile where we had to pay for every single national park, at least like $30 US. Yeah.  Absolutely. If you want to visit a lot of national parks and you are interested in nature. But wow, this area here is beautiful. You can see the remains of some giant sequoias as well that have fallen down. But where we're going is called Grant's Grove. And there they get even bigger. And that's where the second largest tree in the entire world stands. Wow. So we're coming into Giant's Grove now. And I can tell you there are some absolutely massive trees. Oh my God. Look at this one. Wow. Absolutely. Wow. Cool. That's magical. So we're just going to head on this trail ahead. It's called the Grant Tree Trail. And halfway around is the second largest tree in the world. And we're wearing our nice Gobi Desert beanie hats donated from Doug. It's so soft. It's so nice. Thanks Doug. Wow. It's already so absolutely massive. That's crazy. Here in front of us is a tree called the Fallen Monarch. This tree must have fallen down hundreds of years ago. It says here on the sign that the trees can resist decay and last for even thousands of years. Even after they've died they can just remain here on the forest floor. It's unbelievable. And they've got a picture of the Fallen Monarch from 1900. Look at this. It looks nearly the same as it did over a hundred years ago. So you can actually walk through that fallen tree. But we're going to come back for that because at the moment the entire school is going through it. It was really crowded. So the Kings Canyon National Park was established in 1890. But it wasn't originally called the Kings Canyon National Park. It was called the General Grant National Park in honour of the General Grant Tree. Which we're going to see very soon. It was renamed Kings Canyon National Park in 1940. And that's named after a huge canyon which is in this park. And I think it's more than a mile deep. And of course has one of the largest stands of giant sequoia in the world. So the National Park is actually joining onto the back of the Sequoia National Park. And this National Park is 186,000 hectares. Really, really big. Well, the trees are so big they need a lot of space. Look how high the snow level is here. It goes to my knees. So much snow. And they've got this cabin here. Look at the snow at the very top of the cabin. It's insane. I can't believe the whole thing doesn't collapse. Apparently this was built in 1872. And it's still standing now. Even after like years and years and years of snow on it. Here it is, the star of the show. This tree behind me. It's hard to get it all in shot. This is the General Grant Tree. And this tree is the second largest tree in the world. It actually used to be the third largest tree. Then a lightning strike and then fires actually killed the second largest tree. So then this one became the second largest tree. You can actually see here a huge scar from fires. But it survived. Look at that. That's insane. So some facts about this tree, General Grant. It is 82.5 meters high and 32.8 meters circumference at the base. So the total volume is 1,320 square meters. So that's what makes it the second largest tree. It's actually the volume that the tree is. This has been dubbed the nation's Christmas tree. And it was actually named in 1867 to honour Ulysses S. Grant. But the craziest thing about this is it's actually 3,000 years old. So old. It's so big. And it's still here standing after all these years. This tree was like growing as a sapling when the Egyptians were building their pyramids. The scale of the age of this tree is absolutely unbelievable. Yeah, it's a really special place. And I'm just so happy that we have the chance to come here and see it with our own eyes. The second largest tree in the world. Okay, so we're back at the fallen monarch. And now that all the kids have gone through, we can make our way through this tree. That's incredible. We are inside a tree. And it's absolutely massive. Look, there's a hole in it. Well, that must have been one crazy impressive tree when it was standing. But that's the crazy thing about this forest here is that actually all of the biggest, the tallest sequoias, they've all been cut down. So in the early days, people like on the east coast of America didn't believe that they had such crazy massive trees here. So what did they do? They cut the trees up and they shipped them across all the way to like the east coast. So there was like an exhibition in Philadelphia where they cut a tree and they brought it all the way across. And the people in Philadelphia called it the California hoax. They didn't even believe that it was a real tree. They basically thought that they had kind of pieced other trees together to create it.  Luckily these days we have our phones, we can take some pictures. Wow, look, there's four massive ones all right next to each other. A little sequoia family. I'm just so impressed with the scale of this grove here. It's absolutely insane. They are massive, absolutely massive and beautiful trees. Absolutely beautiful trees. So now it's time to leave this winter wonderland behind because we're heading to the desert and we're going from snow to one of the hottest places on earth. We're heading to Death Valley. So I reckon although it's only eight degrees up here, I think by the end of today we are going to be sweating. Imagine this scenario. You're travelling in a foreign country exploring the wonders of the world but then all of a sudden you get sick. Panic sets in. You want to talk to a real doctor but you don't speak the local language. What do you do? Well let us tell you about this video sponsor On Vacation Doctor. The On Vacation Doctor app connects you to English speaking doctors in any country in the entire world. You just need to add your location and the app will give you the name, the phone number and the location of the nearest English speaking doctor to you. It also has local fire, ambulance and police numbers as well as the US Embassy contact. This app is absolutely free to use for the first six months and then only $4.99 for the next six months. So super helpful and super affordable. Show your support for our very first sponsor by downloading the app for free today by clicking the link in the description below. Stay healthy, travel safe and now back to the video. It's off now. It's not really very very on anymore. I mean I've still got my foot resting on it but that's really close to being... Yeah off now. Yeah it's going to fall very quickly. Yeah, look at this shop. It really looks like something straight out of the 1850s. Look at this. It's not as rustic on the inside. Hey, it's called Squaw Valley Indian Trading Centre. And that's for real. This wasn't Indian Trading Centre initially. That's what it was here? Oh no way. And they'd have their arpao eyes and their gatherings and all that. Wow and this was the trading post. It's in the same spot. Oh that's so cool. Awesome. We've got service back so we have routed our way to Las Vegas through Death Valley and it said it was about nine hours. So to make a nice easy five hour ride tomorrow we've decided we're going to try and get four hours in this afternoon. We've got a really nice hotel that my parents have booked for us in Las Vegas, the Mirage. So we really want to get there as early as we can. So we're going to do a few more hours today so that tomorrow should be quite an easy day. So we looked on iOverlander and found that there's actually a really cool little campsite which is exactly four hours away from us. And it's like an honesty box that you pay six dollars to camp. So it's a really good price actually. Six dollars compared to 42 last night. I just hope that the foot pedal will stay on for the next nine hours. Yeah. And then it can fall off. Exactly. Yeah. Oh my goodness. This is awesome. Thank you. You're born here? Not too far. Oh not too far. Nice. Yeah it's really nice meeting you. It's so worth to stop and talk to you and get my blood going.   Well I'll be doing a camping trip. My wife doesn't ride. It's my therapy and it's like the song's in it. I do think I know how to sing in my helmet. Courageous. That's awesome. Nice to meet you Gary. Yeah. So we just stopped here on the side of the road. Having an early dinner break because we're really really hungry. We have about two hours left to the camp but Ollie's leg is pretty painful because he can't rest his foot anymore on the foot pad. I can let it rest a little bit but I can't put too much pressure on it. It's a little bit tough riding but it's okay. The foot pedal still hasn't fallen off so I'm pretty happy about that. Yes me too. So we're just having some refried beans with some cheese and crackers. Everything donated by Michel. We love you. I've only got this little can opener so I'm kind of working my way around. Beanie. I love beans. But anyway we can really take our time because we have just two hours left. We know where we've got a camp tonight and it's just half past four at the moment so we can chill out a little bit. England and Germany. Let's go. Nice to meet you. You guys okay? What are you guys doing?  Oh just to have a snack.  Having a snack. Oh yeah they put nothing on TV right? No. No exactly want to. Okay whack. You know what I mean? Yeah. So we actually moved on quite quickly. We had just like two crackers each because there was one guy coming and he started talking to us and then he was like saying like oh that he's actually a gangster and that he doesn't want to be filmed and he saw the camera and he was a little paranoid. Yeah he kind of said that if he's filmed then he's going to get whacked or something so I was just a bit like okay I think that's how our queue to leave. Yes so we packed our stuff and we were just like let's leave. Leave for now. Looks like we're just about to head back up into the hills. We're basically heading up and over a bunch of mountains now. Yes and then on the other side it should be desert. Back to the desert baby. Whoa that is one crazy river down there. It must be all the melt water from the mountains. Incredible. Look at these canyons around. That's just gorgeous. It's just gorgeous. It's absolutely spectacular here.  We start in the morning with our foot pedals broken. Everything's terrible. How can we even continue? But then this is where we are in the afternoon you know. In the morning up in the Sequoia forest in the snow with the largest trees in the world and in the afternoon in this beautiful crazy place. Look at this. Wow. This is just the best. This trip has its surprises both good and bad but this is a good one. This is a good one. We're just coming past the absolutely beautiful Lake Isabella. Look at this just surrounded by mountains. Yeah it's really pretty. And this is all part of the Sequoia national forest which is directly joined and part of the same grand national park that we were in this morning. So all the way from where we started the day to where we are now is just a huge huge huge area of national park. That's just absolutely amazing to see so much wild space. Really funny plant here on the side of the road. I think it's a type of cactus. Yeah I don't know if it's a cactus or like a spiny tree or something but yeah there's tons of them here. Suddenly we got over the hill and it's like I'm going to go here. This is where I like it. Yeah. Okay. Oh look. Entering California desert conservation area. Oh okay. We are officially coming into the desert. But man this is a beautiful ride. Wow. Yeah it's amazing. All right we're turning off to the campground and the sun has just gone behind the mountains. Yeah. So we've got about half an hour to set up camp before it gets dark. But what a nice area to camp in. This is crazy. This is a crazy place to camp. Look at this landscape around. It's incredible. My goodness. Fossil Falls Campground is the name. Oh look it looks quite busy here. Oh. There are people all over. There you go. That's awful. So I guess you just kind of set yourself up anywhere. Yeah. Oh cool. It's cool. It looks pretty sandy over on that side. Oh no. It must be an old volcanic lava field. Incredible. Okay so I've got to be quite careful then because it would definitely be sandy. Yeah. Cool. This is so cool here. Wow. That's incredible. Yeah I mean we could just set up here now. Yeah well like right at the front. Yeah I don't know. Oh no I'm in a ditch hold on.  I really don't want it to break off. Let's see what's going on over here. Okay. Yeah I know. Anyway look we've got the trail max mission tires on the bike now. We have nothing to worry about. Yeah no problem. Oh that looks really rocky Ollie. Oh maybe it's getting too rocky actually hey. I don't think that this here is still a part of the park actually. Okay better stop and turn around. Oh no. Oh no. Oh no. Oh no. Let's put the stand down for a sec. Alright let's turn it around and go back that way. Okay three two one go. Three two one go. Yeah if I did this on my own I'd fall. Okay. Okay. I think we're okay here. Yeah I think so too just there. Yeah that's a good one. Okay perfect. We just get past this rocky bit. Yeah. Yeah. Hey I didn't fall hey I was close but no cigar. Jesus. Look at that there's like the most biggest setup in the world. And then there's like us with our super old tent. This is fine look if we pitch up the tent here. Right behind this wall there's absolutely no wind it's perfect. Evening guys we made it have been alive. We've got the camp set up behind us. Bumblebee is just chilling having a rest. And it's time for us to have a rest. But look at this beautiful surroundings. Mountains mountains mountains mountains. It's just absolutely amazing here.  Yeah I was waiting for this kind of camping spots for a long time. Just like sort of in the nature and everyone has like that little spot here. We have like neighbors I feel like a community here. Yeah just like an open area where people can legally camp you know.  We've got our own picnic table our own little campfire. I really appreciate places like this. Yeah thank you USA. What have we got for dinner? It's really windy today so I hope we can boil up some water. Because we will have Miso ramen tonight. I love it. Yeah me too. And that's it from us today. We hope you enjoyed the video. If so please give us a thumbs up. Subscribe to the channel. Share the video with your friends and family. Comment below. And if you really really really like our videos you can join us on Patreon. The link is in the description below. We will see you next time.


Hey everybody, this is Brian, and welcome to the 101st Cute Tutorial with C++ and GUI programming. Um, I'm going to do something a little bit different. First off, I want to make special note that this is not Cute 101, okay, this is not the beginning. This is the 101st tutorial. So if you're just now tuning in, you're missing 100 tutorials that I put out on my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash user slash void realms. You can also go to my website void realms.com and just click on tutorials. Go over to Cute, and you have a nice little search function, and you can go into each one and watch the video and download the source code. Um, what we're going to cover today is something I actually wanted to avoid, but I had an interesting email from a woman who goes by the name of Christopher. You're probably saying, what, Christopher? Yes. She said she's not going to use her real name because she fears persecution. The country she's in, which I'm not even going to name it, has very limited internet access, and they use what's called Tor to get out of their very sheltered internet, out to the actual internet to get things that their government considers illegal, but they are just basic human rights. Like searching Google in her country is illegal. Can you believe that? I use Google every day at work, but in her country it's illegal because her country, their government, does not want their citizens knowing certain things, like freedom, or cheeseburgers, or whatever. Anyways, this is not going to be about politics. This is going to be about connecting cute to Tor. If you don't know what Tor is, hop on over to torproject.org. Tor stands for the onion router, and you can read all about it. Basically, Tor is a product, I shouldn't say product, is a birth child of a US Navy intelligence. Very short, what it is, it's a very sophisticated proxy. It hides your IP address. It has what's called in nodes and exit nodes, so you go into Tor, the onion router, with your IP address. You come out of Tor with a different IP address. Think about that for a minute. How do you track somebody across the internet? IP addresses. Let's say you have an IP address of 1010.001. I know that's not your actual IP address, so I'll use Cisco people that they're screaming at your monitor right now. When you use Tor, it would come out as <IP_ADDRESS>. Totally different IP. It has nothing even remotely to do with your connection. But that's how it works. Let's just take a quick peek at Tor here. What we're going to do is just go to Tor, go download, and then I want you to download the Tor browser bundle for Windows. Don't worry, this won't install anything on your system. Actually, all it does is extract it to a directory. Let me see if I can pull that directory up here. There we go. And this is what you'll see. And when you start the Tor browser, it will start a copy of Firefox, plus it'll start what's called Vidalia, this thing, which is actually at the Tor. And you see it says Tor is not running. Well, I did that on purpose. It will say running, and you'll see it down in your control panel. But in order to do this tutorial, you're going to need to go into advanced. And then we're going to set the authentication to none. I just want to make sure it's set to none because I don't want to get bombarded with a million, hey, I can't connect to my own Tor that's sitting on my own desktop. But to set it to none, save yourself a lot of headache. Now, for production level code, obviously you need a username password, and you can set that, you know, through cookie or password, et cetera, et cetera. But for the tutorials, you're going to set it to none. Take note of the IP address. This is your local loopback, 127.001. And the port, in my case, it's 90.51. When you're done, click OK. And then click Start Tor. And what this does is it goes out and it connects to the onion router. And this is a massive network. I mean, massive is an understatement. But what this does is, see, we're connected, is it connects all over the world. So let's just view network and see if I can kind of squeeze us in here. Here are some of the people I'm connecting to.  And what this does, it doesn't just connect to this guy and then go straight to Google or wherever I'm going. It bounces from him to him to him to him. I mean, it's random every single time. And a lot of these nodes don't even have logging enabled. Law enforcement or a government, good luck trying to find that packet, especially seeing how it's different every single time. Now, quick note, some French researchers have found many vulnerabilities in Tor. But if you use Tor correctly, it's actually very, very safe. So what does this have to do with us? Well, Christopher, whoever she may be, wanted to know how to write a cute application that takes Tor and uses it. Very, very good question. So what I want you to do, and I took a screenshot of it, blocked out my IP address because I don't want anybody trying to do any little nasties to me. But go out to any website. I used whatsmyip.org. Take note of the IP address. Mine ends in 229.154. And we're going to prove that this is actually working here. Let me just kind of minimize that. Bring Qt back up here. And we are going to make a drum roll. Drum roll. There it is. Qt console application. And let's just call this Tor test. Put this in the usual location. Now, you should note that if you close the browser window that you used to kick off Tor, it will close Tor itself. So leave that browser window open in the background. Let me kind of show you what I'm talking about here. When you double click start Tor browser, it will pop open an instance of Firefox. And it will pop open the Vidalia control panel, which will be down by your clock in your control panels, or in your status bar, sorry. But leave the browser open in the background because when you close it, it will close your connection to Tor. So as long as you see this on your screen and it's this connected to Tor network, you are good. Alright, now. First thing we're going to do is make a class here. So we're going to go add new class. And we're just going to call it tester. Q object. Alright. Now let's add in some header goodness here. And I'm just going to say, oopsie. Include. We want Q network. I didn't include our project file. It's back up here. I got so excited about this. I forgot one simple step here. We're going to include network in our project. That way we have all those network headers at our disposal. Yeah, much better list. Q network access manager. That's actually part of Q Webkit. We'll get into that in other tutorials, but I just want to show you the bare bones basics of this. And of course we need Q network reply. I did a quick poll in the last tutorial about whether I should have the code already written or whether you guys like watching me type.  We need Q network response. Oops, we already got response work. We want request. There we go. Sorry, I was thinking in .NET for a minute there. Forgive me. And we want of course Q debug, so we can see what is going on here. And I'm going to include, I keep doing define for some reason, Q network proxy. Now you notice how I kind of bumped Q network proxy down? Because you can get a working application with just these. The Q network access manager will go out and make HTTP requests and get the responses and do all its magic. But you use a Q network proxy to go through a proxy server or a proxy service like you guessed it, Tor. Now let's just kind of add a few other things in here. We want to add two slots. Get URL. And let's say apply. Finished. Hope if I get spell finished right. Q network reply. Reply. And if you're wondering where I got that from, how I knew it had that function prototype. So we go into help, click Q, or search for a Q network proxy. Read the info. And there is a very good thing there. But you can also go into here and go Q network access manager. And this is where you should get really familiar with is the Qt help system. And you can get a very bare bones example right there. And that's exactly what we're going to be doing. All right. So now that we got these in place, let's just add the definitions here. I know, I know, I can already hear. I can already hear accidentally pointing, screaming at his monitor, hey, close the sidebar. There we go. So the first thing we're going to do is push out this get URL. And this is where all the magic is going to happen. And the way Q network access manager works is it's signal and slot-oriented. So it'll do its actions and then emit the reply finished. And we catch that here. So let's just drill through here without further ado. We'll say Q debug, connecting. And then we're going to fire off our Q network access manager here. This of course is a pointer. We'll call manager. Yeah. Access manager. This is the parent that waits automatically destroyed. And then we need to connect up our signals and slots here. So we'll say connect. And we are going to get the finished. And we're going to connect it with this slot. Reply finished. Whoops.  And then we're just going to simply say manager get. And this is going to perform an HTTP get. So in other words it's going to go out and request a webpage. So we want a Q network request. And we want that with a Q URL. And here's where we give it the address. I'm just going to say google.com just for this part of the demonstration here. And then we're going to down here. This is the reply finished. This is after the network manager does its get. It's going to download it into a buffer. And then it's going to emit the signal and call our slot the reply finished. So we're just going to simply say Q to bug. Let's call this response. And now what we want to do is we want to read the reply. So we're going to say if reply and whereas it is open. Then we're just going to simply read it. And because this is going to be coming out of console window we're only going to read a little bit of it. We're just going to say read. And let's just say the first 5000 bytes. That should be plenty. And then we're going to say reply.close. Very simple example once again. This isn't even the heart of the tutorial. This is just us setting up Q network access manager. Let's run this. Give it a good build. And whoopsie nothing happened because we didn't set up our stuff. Go back into main here. Somebody once asked me what's the difference between the quotes and the brackets. Well the quotes will look in the current directory. And the brackets will just start going through all the system directories looking for these things. Alright so let's say tester. C test. C test. And we want to call geterl. Alright now we build this. And it went a little fast but it says connecting response. And then here is all the HTTP or I should say HTML goodness that we got from Google. You see it's just one big blob of data. Alright now. I'm going to close that. And you know I didn't shut down gracefully. For this tutorial I'm not going to really worry about that. I'm going to let you figure that part out. Because it's really not hard you just do the reply close. And what we're going to focus on is turning this into, you guessed it, using Tor. So go back to your IP page, whatever you chose. Let's see here. Remember I chose what'smyip.org. But you can use pretty much anything that's just going to give you your IP address. Admittedly I use this one just because the IP is in very big bold letters. Let's see, bring it up again. It's in very big bold letters and it's within the first 5,000 bytes. There's not a lot of advertisements in there. Now what we're going to do is we're going to set up our connection to the proxy. So we're going to say queue network. I'm sorry my cat was wanting my attention here. Queue network proxy and we're just going to call this proxy. And in case you're wondering, save yourself some typing, you can actually just go right out to help here. Queue network proxy, scroll down and pretty much just take this whole chunk right here. Copy that, paste it in. And then we're going to walk through this line by line. Alright now we're taking our queue network proxy object and we want to set this to default project. Notice how it says socks5proxy. I know you're screaming at your monitor right now, hey, Tor is socks5, why are you setting it to default? Well, it's because of this line at the bottom, set application proxy. What that says is every queue socket in your application is going to go through this proxy. Period. Now you can set it on a per socket basis, but we're going to say everyone that you open up in your application is going to go through Tor. And then you see the set hostname. Well, we're just going to, let's pull up Vidalia here. Remember we go into advanced. We're going to use the local loopback because it's installed locally on port 9051. So very simple. We'll set our hostname, 9051. Now you see how I have username and password commented out? That's because we are not using a username and password in Tor. For a production level, you would want a username and password that way.  All right. And that's pretty much all there is to it. So if we've done everything correctly and this thing doesn't explode when I try to build it, it will go out, connect a Tor on your local computer through port, whatever you have. And then it'll use that as a proxy. Go through the onion router. Remember this, let me actually show you here, this big list and yours is going to be different. This huge list is going to route around the entire globe and then it'll return the settings. So let's give it a shot and see what happens. And ta-da! Connecting response. Now we got to kind of dig through this HTTP stuff here. And I would almost advise kind of going through and dumping this because it's going to be a QBiter, right? Just dumping it to a file. But anyways, it says your IP address is, let me just mark this.<PHONE_NUMBER>4. Well, let's bring up my actual IP address. 229154. Not the same, is it? This is somebody else's IP address. This is actually the IP address of the Tor exit note. Meaning if somebody, your teacher, your boss, your spouse, your government, were trying to track that traffic, they'll see that IP address. Not yours. Now, you have to make sure that every single packet you send is going to go out through the Tor network. That's why we have it as set application proxy.  So we're going to say every single one goes through Tor. Anyways, this is Brian. I want to thank you for watching. Wow, I honestly, I cannot believe we've got 101 videos. That's just crazy. And I've got so much user feedback. I don't even know what to do with it at this point. I'll be brutally honest with you. I'm still slugging away through messages.  I apologize. I'll try to get to you. But at this point, it might be four or five years. I'm just kidding. I will try to get through them faster. Anyways, thanks for watching. Oh, and I wanted to say, if you guys got any ideas for the advanced tutorials, because now that we're over 100, I'm still going to have some newbie stuff, but I want to really focus on the more advanced stuff. I want to do things like WebKit. You know, see now that I'm on the spot making the video, I can't even think of the queue. Oh gosh, what is it? Scripting language. And they use JavaScript to build the dialogues. I know you know what I'm talking about. Somebody email me with the answer. And I want to go through like the phone on media stuff and kind of advanced threading, some more model view stuff. I'm thinking about doing Android with Lighthouse, but I'm just not sure because I've got an Android book and it really stresses use Java. So I've been kind of reading up on Java a little bit more. Anyways, I'm battling, taking up your time. Thanks for watching.


This episode brought to you by mypatriotsupply and preparewithdronetech.com These days the future is still more uncertain than ever That's why people who know what's coming are using today to prepare. You can't wait until the last moment By then it's too late. The most important thing you need is long-term storage emergency food It stays fresh for up to 25 years and will be there when you need it I strongly recommend mypatriotsupply, America's leader in self-reliance They're the only source my family uses for emergency food planning And right now you can save $50 off a four-week supply of delicious meals that provide 2,000 plus calories a day So go to www.preparewithdronetech.com right now and stock up That's preparewithdronetech.com There's no time to lose. Do it now I've seen for myself how the original sin of slavery weaved white supremacy Into our founding documents and principles Racism is the problem of the racist And it is the problem of the society that produces the racist And in today's world that's every society In America that that takes many forms It's the white supremacy that led to the senseless killing of George Floyd Breonna Taylor, Amon Arbery and so many other black Americans China's envoy to the UN in Geneva has issued a call for western governments to address Problems of racial discrimination and hate crimes in their countries The diplomat Chen Xu was speaking at the UN Human Rights Council session He urged the US to stop the spread of racial discrimination And hate driven violence against African and Asian Americans Go ahead in the back Thanks Jen The US ambassador to the UN, Linda Thomas-Grieffield Talking to her group on Wednesday Said that white essentially said that white supremacy is woven into our founding documents And principles Now this statement is getting widely criticized as essentially parroting Chinese communist party talking points So is the president going to remove her from her position as The representative before that body to promote United States values Is the president going to remove an African-American woman with decades of experience in the foreign Service who's widely respected around the world from her position as ambassador to the UN He is not he will he is proud to have her in that position He she is not only qualified He believes she is exactly the right person in that role at this moment in time I have not seen her comments I will say that there's no question that there has been a history of institutional racism in this Country and that doesn't require the UN ambassador to confirm that So essentially the same lecture though that the Chinese delegation gave Secretary Blinken and Alaska Last month so does the president think our founding documents are racist I would say that I will I will leave my comments to speak for themselves And certainly I think most people recognize the history of systemic racism in our country And she was speaking to that


On July 1st, 2023, the European Space Agency launched a new space telescope named Euclid. Its mission is to explore the composition and evolution of the dark universe. Euclid will explore how the universe has expanded and how structure has formed over cosmic history, revealing more about the role of gravity and the nature of dark energy and dark matter. We'll close our 2023 review with its first five images. This image shows 1,000 galaxies belonging to the Perseus cluster, and more than 100,000 additional galaxies further away in the background, each containing up to hundreds of billions of stars. At approximately 1,375 light-years away, in the vast Orion molecular cloud, the horsehead nebula is the closest giant star-forming region to Earth. The galaxy I see 342 is nicknamed the Hidden Galaxy, because it's difficult to observe, due to the fact that it lies behind the dusty disk of our Milky Way. The dust, gas and stars obscure our view. NGC 6822 is an irregular dwarf galaxy. It's just 1.6 million light-years from Earth. Here's globular cluster NGC 6397. It's a collection of hundreds of thousands of stars held together by gravity, located about 7,800 light-years from Earth. It is the second closest globular cluster to us. I expect that the 2024 review will contain a number of Euclid's findings.


The increasing amount of technology we rely on in everyday life makes portable energy sources essential to our world today. We can power our cell phones and laptops with lithium-ion batteries, run flashlights from alkaline ones, and many of our watches depend on batteries constructed with silver oxide. This one though may be the most important of them all. Now I know it seems a clunky old-fashioned thing, it was invented in the 19th century, but it still makes our world move by starting our cars, motorcycles, and trucks. No wonder it's the best-selling battery. If you understand how this battery operates, you can grasp the principles underlying any of the newer ones and even see why no single type of battery can be used in all applications. Let's take a look inside. The first thing to note about this motorcycle battery is that it's heavy. That's because it's tightly packed with lead and lead oxide sheets, both of which are very dense. This is a cell from an identical battery, and you can see the lead and underneath this the lead oxide. They alternate throughout the interior, so let me show you how they store electricity using just two plates. So I have here a lead plate and a lead oxide plate from the battery and the sulfuric acid, and now watch what happens when I connect the leads. The LED lights up. A current flows from the lead oxide cathode to the lead anode. The lead gives up electrons which the lead oxide accepts. This exchange turns both plates into solid lead sulfate. Now, let me measure the voltage difference between the two leads, and you can see that it's about two volts, which means that to make this 12-volt battery six cells are linked in series to make up the 12 volts. So that's the basic electrochemical reaction. Now let's look at how you engineer a battery. We want a battery to have a high density of either energy or power, and that difference being that batteries with a high energy density can store large amounts of energy and release it reliably over long periods of time, whereas batteries with a high power density release large amounts of energy quickly. This battery was designed with power in mind because we need a burst of nearly 400 amps to start a motorcycle. To save space, we need to pack the plates in here tightly, but in order to ensure that the electron transfer takes place through the terminals, the plates are mechanically separated by these permeable layers. Now, let me show you two plates from a discharge battery so you can see the effect of a deep discharge of a battery. If we look at these two plates, we can see the effect of a long-term discharge. This light coating here is lead sulfate.  As the battery discharges, lead sulfate cakes the space between the plates. If too much builds up, you'll never be able to recharge the battery. This highlights how every different application needs a different type of battery. You see, with most engineered objects, there are going to be trade-offs, giving away some characteristics you want to gain others that you must have. Indeed, the toughest part of engineering often ends up being balancing the trade-offs in a design. For example, a car battery does a great job starting a vehicle, but not running one, like an electric car. Nor is it a good candidate to store energy from solar panels in a house. There, we harvest energy from the sun, charge up the batteries, and then use the stored energy in a variety of ways until the batteries die, and then recharge them with the sun's energy. For this use, you would use what is called a deep-cycle battery. As the name implies, this battery's capacity can be largely used and then recharged easily. To convert an SLI battery, like used to start a motorcycle or a car, into a deep-cycle battery, we do three things. We use thicker electrodes to increase energy density, space them further apart so lead sulfate debris can fall off of them, and add room below where that debris can accumulate. The trade-off is that it's larger, heavier, and gives off a lower current than a car battery. It would seem that we'd want to get rid of the lead-acid battery. It poses a significant environmental risk if disposed of improperly. We still have the 19th-century lead-acid battery because of what nature has handed us. Plentiful electrode materials, lead and lead oxide, both very high in conductivity. Once we arrange these materials correctly, we have a cheap battery with a high power density. No other materials found in nature meet these criteria so well, which means that with current technology, it is extremely difficult to overcome this barrier. That's why 19th-century technology is still the go-to for starting our cars. I'm Bill Hammack, the engineer guy. This video is based on a chapter in the book Eight Amazing Engineering Stories. The chapter features more information about this subject. Learn more about the book at the address below.


here we are at another portal right into the mountain it goes from Nevada danger sign there stay out stay alive there's a black lizard I thought the little something drop a little bit of dirt on from up above and then there he was you practically tame aren't you yeah he's the gatekeeper all right let's get Julie didn't want to go first for some reason looks like a rat's nest this is not that same conglomerate that we've been in today so far you see evidence of strap rail again that's about all they used in this area looks like it was 2 by 4 of the strap on it this goes a long way without not much happening I'll check in in a minute all right Julie had to redo her light but now we're ready to go they've removed the track and left most of the strap if not all of it lumber must have been more valuable than the steel strapping a little bat when we're leaving this last line a while ago a bat hit me right in the face they had all my lights down except for one little one and I was looking down at the ground walking on and all of a sudden whack right in the face a batwing a little cave how's it look here's the track again okay this track's a nice shape right here usable there's a side cut about 25 feet I see a fuel can not much in a lot of times too we see we see bottles with rope or string around it I've never quite figured that one out either I've seen that in a few mines where be an old bottle with either just something around the neck of it or a length of tight around the neck of it taking a gentle left here there's a neat little curve of the wood to sometimes they'll slice the wood to allow it to be bent the 2 by 4 that one looks like they actually cut it at a curve which I haven't really seen that before so it takes a left here there's a chute and beyond the chute is a chain ladder let's go check it out interesting an overshoot from up above and get the beautiful wood over there there must have been a ladder system coming down here here's a wooden barrel hoop let's keep going this way we'll have to think about that chain ladder definitely want a rope if I was gonna go do that which are just outside in the Jeep well here's the vein they're following here it's looking up into a stove it's an interesting little mine in it I shouldn't say a little it's a pretty large waste pile outside again there must be a lower level because this is the second shaft we've seen that one would require a rope as well because the top ladder is missing some traditional timbering and a chute right where Julia is a little chute yeah yeah boy they use a lot of wood in here those are like 2 by 12s hardly even a knot in them yeah is it caved no square nails yeah this is caved you're not getting through that it did keep going though but this whole left side has been crushed by something this timber right here and then the next one up there I can see two is down so at least two sections are caved that's it for that it was probably something like this I'm not sure what's above us here why so much of this timbering on the back of the mine is necessary that's straight up crazy we get your rope there's a ladder here for the most part trouble is a lot of times these things just go down they've just followed a vein down there's no working level so sometimes there is sometimes there isn't hey Julie is gonna try the chain ladder she insisted on being the first one to try it she's got about I don't know 80 foot shaft floor good luck to you we're hooked on to this bottom of this timber over here with the chain now you got her there she goes she's not using any chain ladder so much for the chain ladder now you got a razor set of ladders well good thing we didn't depend on it you had a mouse up here above you he keeps running in and out of a hole is there a level between you and the bottom anywhere okay here's your mouse again he's wondering what's going on who's in his shaft why would a mouse want to live in total darkness most of the time is it an angled wins after that is it an angled wins how much further so I just came from up this ladder way up there see what we can do it's like it goes down here okay this at the bottom of the shaft looks like it ends right there I came up from up there and it stops here too so I'm gonna go back up here she comes you okay hey glad to see her all right skip ladder is still pretty steep there huh Julie's jugging up the line here she gonna be worn out she got all the way up to this point and had to go back because she dropped her flashlight had to go back down and now she's back to where she was be when she dropped her light she was mad as a hornet she probably still mad I guess the chain ladder is kind of a piece of crap didn't work real well looks like the bolts would kind of snag you too doesn't it y'all scraped up getting tired I figured you've only got one more mine after this you are getting your butt kicked on there what's it look like underneath where I'm standing not great okay it just undercut a little bit right here oh my god that was brutal I'm not gonna lie there's socks I'll take a hundred year old I could use a little help okay let me set the camera well we're just about back to the portal Julie's tired I'm ready for a beer yeah we're gonna go on my happy hour so thanks for watching the video you guys we will see you next time thanks for watching let's get out of here


Ddwelltyn Arfer yn y ddiwedd Llandwy. Ynser y llaint, Gwyrdd Llamsydd Euelti Ilywydol i'r Menusio Eelti, mae'r ddweud yn dweud beth yw'r ddweud? Nawr, nawr, nawr. Yn mae'n gweithio yma,� yw'r ddechrau. Efallai, gallwch i chi. I oedd am ddim yn fawr mewn cydweithio'r ffordd hon. Mae'r Yngrifennidol Ffordd, i'n gilydd ymddangos y Llandon. Mae'n gydweithio'r Lampysig, gydweithio'r Lleidogol, oherwydd mae'n gydweithio'r tyfan. Felly, ddwy'n ddweud i'r cyflwyno, ddwy'n ddweud i Lleidogol i ddwy Llyw Macrolyn a Llywodraeth i'r iawn. I was pleased by dubling with them and sort of being part of a scene or be burgeoning scene here. And thanks as well very much to Joe Gehw Min and Atlantic Langfood School for hosting this event. A very fantastic facility, so perfect, many many, thanks indeed, and also thanks as well to the speakers who have all invested time and effort to put things together for us today and for coming all the way here. So thank you to them and thank you for you guys too Give secular colours and be here A short word about lamstic Lamstic is the home we hope for people like you who want to be part of IATEF or be part of the international scene of BLT management we have obviously every year a PCE a pre-conference event Last well this year in fact back in April we had a fantastic day Roedden ni'n meddwlol, roedden ni'n meddwl o'u cymweithio, oedden ni'n meddwl o'u cymdeithasol, oedden ni'n meddwl o'u cwysleddau Cynyddiadau oedd ddweud drwy'n dod yn hofffadllol, oEd yn hofffadau o bobl yn hyn o fewn amwn yn hawddol, wedyn moer at bod wedi цameradau a ddwy'n gafodol. Roedden ni'n meddwl o'r cymdeithasol ar y Confernt. this year we had some fantastic speakers Duncan Ford, Maureen speaking, Fiona Dunlott, Duncan Fogarty and others and it's a day really for managers to really really get a lot out of some CPD. So that's a bit on land here. Can I hand over to Lou to say a couple of words? Yes, it's wanted to welcome everybody as well. ALTR will be happy to start focusing on a network of managers here and build up. Over the last two years we've been building up a network of teachers through different events, different forums and working on that. But now it's time to look after ourselves as managers and build that up too. So this is the first, we started in the summer, the first joint event that we've done for managers. And I think it's just going to be a closer start, which is good because it'll give us a bit more of a chance to actually talk through the different issues and areas and things like that. I just wanted to say also the other members of the committee in case you want to speak to any of us throughout the day are Peter here. Is he tweeting? With the hashtag is at the back if you want to use it with your tweets around the day. So if you have any questions for any of us please give us a shout out. Thank you very much. I also need to mention Cambridge English. Michael Cary is here representing them along with Conor who is there. Thanks very much to Cambridge English who are also sponsoring and helping us to provide some lunch and coffee later on today. So thanks very much for that. So it leaves me, I think more or less it, to introduce... Oh yes Joe. I'm not going to keep you too long. I'd like to say one or two things about some practical stuff. Atlantic language are delighted to be able to give the space over to a group that's doing such wonderful work. Equally it's lovely to come down a lane and double it and not be in a hotel and be in an actual language school from my point of view so that I can get an awful lot out of today. We're in a very lovely position that Tom has travelled from our school in Galway so I just want to say thank you to him because he's doing such a huge amount of work in relation to the IT and different things. It means that I can get an awful lot out of today so I really do appreciate that and thanks to Tom. Equally the director of studies Ann Marie from onsite here is also going to be presenting and that to me is really important that people are getting involved. It's not just about us the school providing the space.  To me that's really really vital that everybody starts getting involved and sharing information. We're a small industry and the more we talk the better. Practical stuff, straight to the double doors, obviously the lifts we won't use in the event of a fire. Straight to the right, the stairs go straight down, the fire exit to the front, the doors are on a release button, you've all seen that as you've arrived in. If anybody has any questions throughout the day please come to me if I can give you any practical advice on anything and we'll throw the Wi-Fi password up for the break times. Just so that we feel a bit detached from the conference event we're going to go up to the third floor for coffees and for lunch. Just might be more conducive to a bit more relaxation and more comfortable chat. So the food will be laid out in the breakout space and there's a couple of classrooms just to be able to go into and relax. And you're all really welcome. Thank you very much. OK, anything else? The other thing to say is obviously we've got this room and then the other sessions when we have concurrent ones are just along down there.