Hi everyone, Joe for Jasby's casebreaks.com got some more Ben Baller To do tonight 12 box pick your team at 10 all-card ship a lot of nice stuff here. So big thanks to big thanks to this group For making it happen. Appreciate it. You're on a Thursday. Delo With double last ball mode triple last ball mojo. So thanks to him for finishing this off Let's pop this case open Let's see what we got 12 boxes here pick your team 10 Good luck to everybody The game I want to watch This is the game Arizona State at UCLA. It's time to start getting into not only baseball mode, but college basketball mode Selection Sunday not this Sunday, but the Sunday after that Yeah, are we gonna find some supers in here? I hope so Yeah, one of one overs if you want to take the over we had set the line at three and a half The over is now probably two two plus two fifty although we are doing that dynasty a Little bit later. I mean there could be there could be two in there or two right there Maybe even three you says up 59 43 with ten minutes left in the game. I think if They win couple more games here pretty sure that They're looking at a number one seed in the tournament in the March Madness tournament not sure how They're how deep they could go but from my understandings or They're a cohesive team a lot of these guys have been playing together for three or four years But size is going to be an issue for them if they run into bigger team that's going to be Be a problem Yeah, that top dynasty stuff definitely bananas first box ripped open I remember just as a reminder the autos in here if you're far between we're not going to see more than one or two autos per case but The reason why everyone's doing this because we want to look for parallels like this Luis Robert to 99 That'll be for Chris parent and the White Sox and Roan to contrast to 75 for Steven in the Pirates There's Tony Santillan 14 out of 50. That's going to go to the Red Legs. That'll be for John Ronald Acuna junior riding low insert One of my favorites from this set Jacob de Grom to 99 for the Mets. That'll be for Ryan Harold not not his favorite player Here is Mike Trout 47 out of 50. She look at Mike Trout's 2022 numbers and if he if he wasn't out for like a month, I Feel like he would have been he would have been battling Aaron judge down the stretch 60 home runs on that that would have been I mean the Aaron judges chase For 60 plus was was amazing Imagine if there is two people and a star like Mike Trout And on that raise The last no did not happen Does Aaron judge hit 50 ever again? Yeah, I remember last summer Yeah, I remember last summer when people when trout was out for a little bit people were selling on Mike Trout I was like, I mean You can tell who the casuals are in the in the hobby or who or people who just can't stomach You know downturns in a market, I don't know how many I don't know how many people sold too early on trout So Aaron judge hit 52 his rookie year full season 2017 and then you know due to due to injuries and whatnot Only 27 his second year over 112 games 27 his third year third full season 102 games The next season was a pen it was the pandemic season then Then almost his first full healthy season 148 games as had 39 home runs and then it popped He popped off at 62 home runs last season Almost winning the Triple Crown I don't know. What does he do for an encore? I Say he gets about like 40 home runs, but I wonder if he would ever He would ever hit the He ever hits 50 or 60 even ever again Most exciting chase to beat a record. Are you saying of all time or like what? What I just would think would be a fun record To see being broken. I do do the fantasy Baseball Dilo. I only play only do one or two leagues, but the main one that I look at is Is a is a 16 team keeper league an auction league. It's a really really competitive one. It's pretty tough One the league once many years ago and have come a little close since But not recently Tristan with the Cubs gets the Ian Hap Yeah, you know initially I wasn't a huge fan of the auction draft But now I personally think that's the that's the That's the best way to play, you know, you just you just don't You just don't have the luck of the draft position to help you especially with like the NFL You don't have like the luxury of a draft position to just fall To have a player fall into your lap. Now. You're actually thinking Hey, who are the players that I think at Torkelson base by the way goes to Stephen Carney You guys are thinking You guys are thinking man who?  That's going to go to Tristan Right. Yeah, and our keepers like they increase a little bit in value Their contract increases in value each season you keep them as well Yeah, I do think if there was a step that's all that's kind of what I was getting to Mike tower about About record chasing. Yeah, like It's imagine if you know, we saw how exciting the McGuire Sosa run was so imagine if Aaron judge had Mike trout chasing him eight out of 99 Bobby with junior Royals Jose Like that would be pretty exciting You know to see to see to see to To players. Yeah, I mean at the time It was extremely exciting. It was cool to see Aaron judge You know do his thing. It was amazing But if there was a second player involved, especially like Mike trout on the West Coast Aaron judge on the East Coast You know that would do you know like baseball would have loved it because you know Aaron judge would be playing on the East Coast Right, he'd hit a home run and then every be like all right time to watch time to watch the angels on the West Coast You know people staying up late seeing if Mike trout's gonna hit one if they're a trading home if they're trading homers back to back I think when it comes to individual records You almost always want to see multiple people like chasing it chance, you know the Dynamics for another sport to do it so similar like record chasing you mean As opposed if it's like basketball is a little weird just because there's so many points that are scored Like total points like it just seems kind of Kind of an almost like an arbitrary number It's like kind of like thinking about what the national debt is, you know, it's like, okay cool It's that number, but I have no context for that number But like baseball is unique in that you know the statistics are such that That almost in any era You know that if adding 300 Right, whether you're in the 1920s or the 2020s, you're like, yeah, that's pretty good If a batter can hit 300 throughout the season like we know those numbers those we know those numbers by heart 100 RBIs. Yeah, that's pretty good you know when you're talking about 30 40 doubles, you're like, yeah, that's good You know, you know what a 20 homer player is like, you know what a 30 homer player is like 40 homers 50 homers like you kind of see those You kind of see like those milestones that everyone kind of has ingrained in their heads in childhood So I think there's also history involved that that helps that as well And for the most part baseball hasn't really changed very much in its entire existence, whereas Fundamental parts of the game of basketball and football have changed like the forward pass in the football a three-point line and basketball you know like The baseball has pretty much been The same the same game. So that's why these records are kind of fun to chase And are so ingrained in our heads and hallowed in a way Yeah, like rushing title. I guess it's kind of a similar chase It's a similar vibe You don't think Gretzky's you don't think Gretzky's 92 goals in this season would ever be How close is how close is the next person gotten in the last in the last like 15 20 years? There's Ian Hap to 50 baseball Matt's thinking 92 will fall Brett Hall had 86. It's not oh and redemption nice You know him and as to 75 that'll be for the white socks. That's gonna go to Chris parent So the closest in recent memory was Was Ovi in 07 with 65? I feel like hmm That's the man saying that eventually it'll fall. I feel like there's more goals being scored in the NHL in general year over year right in the last 10-15 years There's Rangers edition of Isaiah kinder Falefa to 25 that'll be for Samuel and the Texas Rangers Alexander Wells to 99 for the O's it'll be for Daniel It's Alex Bregman eight out of 75 for the Astros. Yeah forever is forever ever Mark has the Astros is definitely a long time. I mean people didn't think cream Abdul-Jabbar's career points record ever ever fall And the brawn knocked that out What are some what are then what are some? Unbreakable records you think Across any sport Maybe leaning more baseball just because it is a baseball break. All right behind Seth beer Congratulations, someone is due to receive an Orge refractor parallel autograph of of Mike trout and The aim we were just talking about him That goes to Rob and the angels Congrats nice Yeah, that's true complete games Pitching complete games All those complete games records. That's that's those are never gonna fall Logan things Ricky Henderson stolen bases career stolen bases. Yeah, that probably is not That's not gonna fall anytime soon. You know the pitching has become so specialized now Relief pitchers coming in earlier and earlier Openers are happening too. Yeah, and so all those related right so like All the related stuff to that as well with fewer innings being pitched by it by starters, you know, I Think maybe like career like starting pitchers hitting like a 300 win mark 200 250 300 win win mark. I don't think you're gonna see a lot of that Like Calderon Calderon Jr.'s a consecutive game streak. I don't think I don't think that's going down What about hit streak? DiMaggio's hit streak. Is that going down in baseball? I feel like that. I mean, that's a crazy record, but I feel like that Could happen And I'm talking within a single season not not wraparound Red Fars 300 inception is ever being broken says Logan probably not You have to have a combination of a quarterback that can have the opportunity to throw that many interceptions So it should be kind of a crazy combo I guess if you if he I guess James Winston could probably do to keep blowing James Winston out there I feel like I Used to think that that hit streak would never happen You know the hit streak record would never be broken But now I'm starting to think Could it be? Oh easy Matt would Easy bread farve most in Bethel State funds. Is that right? Is that record never going? He's being a pretty litigious about that Matt.  Yeah, don't don't sue don't sue Matt wood. Come on. He's not wrong. Don't sue me. Don't sue me Don't sue me Allegedly allegedly allegedly There's Brandon Lowe, Brandon Lowe that is Nate Lowe Brandon Lowe Tim and the Rays Trevor Larnock to 99 for the Twins. That's gonna be for Daniel Did the Buccaneers really lose 26 football games in a row? I Feel like there I feel like a team could beat that I feel like a team could do that Anthony Young's consecutive loss rate. How many how many? Was it 20 losses 18 losses something like that Pitcher Anthony Young I mean, that's just some bad luck. It was Mitch Hannigar and Jose Abreu to 10 Chris Perry and the White Sox But the thing is like I don't know How many of those win I we got to take a look at this at some point You got to investigate this Tristan with Mitch Hannigar to 75 and Spencer Torkelson to 50 Nice met Wood border design from the late 80s.  Well, I don't know if it was 20 in a row But it was like it was almost that bad. Yeah, he went two and 14 in 1992 and one and 16 in 1993 both with the the Mets But they gave him starts, you know what I mean like that's kind of the crazy part Although some of them were looks like some of them were in relief But I don't know the fact that they still gave him 121 innings in 1992 and 100 innings in 1993 Like it's just like they just kept rolling him out there 72 at a 99 Hoy Park Uh Pittsburgh that's gonna be for Stephen Stephen Carney. It's sort of like uh It's sort of like James Winston in the 30 30 club 30 touchdowns 30 interceptions like It's a weird anyone with that many interceptions Like you're never going to get to that many interceptions because when you're trending that way You're gonna you're gonna usually be benched as a qb, but when you're also matching that With touchdowns, I mean it gets weird. All right another box. It's a wraparound record But Chris Dave is going 54 consecutive at bats without a hit Yeah Doesn't LeBron have a bad set right set right. Yeah, guess what Matt would LeBron leads leads the NBA in career points Also leads the NBA in career turnovers I'm pretty sure he does. I'm pretty sure he has the record in career turnovers Which is kind of fun. I mean, I guess if you play in the league long enough You're gonna have some good records or have some bad records That'd be I feel like that's uh, that's a classic like Any like LeBron haters classic lines like yeah, well Yeah, it's not that impressive. He also leads the Leads the NBA All-time turnovers We're like, all right fair Chris Davis though that that's that's kind of a that's sort of a rough one I mean because Sometimes like that's that's just mental at that point, right We're like, you know hitters will say like Yeah, even the most confident there's be like, yeah, sometimes it creeps in your head you go over four you go over eight You start pressing then you think you're never going to be able to hit again And then then that just cascades and compounds So imagine going over whatever Chris Davis went at the end of the previous season Now think about the storyline as soon as spring training starts as soon as we get closer to opening day Hey, Chris every reporter every fan every player Take a you know like Gotta get a hit first day, right?  That's got to get in your head There's josh donaldson to 99 for the twins Chris davis, joey, gallaud, cody, bennett record drop-off. You want to throw yellets into that that group too? although You know as a former dodge former fan of you know a fan of cody bellinger I feel like injuries maybe kind of gone in the way But those other guys did any of those other guys chris davis, joey gallow. Did they carry injuries? I think they just dropped off That's for tim and the rays Eric ganye's Consecutive saves record. Yeah, yellow. I think it's injuries as well But this guy I think just got the opportunity. Maybe there were some injuries Maybe there were some injuries there as well, but There's mike trout blue Six out of 75 it's going to go nice with that auto Rob and the angels Matt manning goes to steven carney of the tigers 75 We got matt chadman for the a's a's addition to 50 84 consecutive saves It's a lot of saves that's That's at least that's what two seasons worth of saves Is jed laury to 75? Mike towers and what about what about 10 points in an hl game? Could that be broken?  Yeah matt's thinking maybe like oilers You know some why I got like a wild 10-9 sort of game I mean that's like a You can't just get 10 points just goals wise right? I feel like I feel like you got to have a decent team around someone you can Where you can get the space for goals And there'll be other threats where you're going to pick up some assists And then you get that sort of sort of like that 10-9 and then the other team has to keep scoring Right so because for you to keep scoring. So yeah 10-9 game. That's where that's what it where it would be Be it's something like that a high scoring game There's gallo to 15 speaking of joey gallo yankees addition going to tristan Yeah, it'd be something like that right connor. Yeah connor mc david four goals six assists Yeah, I still you still have a dry side all as a teammate Yeah, that could be the one And you've you've seen how fast they can score like they can I've seen connor mc david score within like the first minute of the game or something like that So you can bang out those numbers pretty quickly if the conditions are just right you know like If that if that's if that net is looking like a soccer goal For connor mc david he's just kind of in that zone and then he runs into a team that's like in a bad slump You know a team where the where the Or the goal is just in a bad slump And the oilers don't like defending anyway, so they're they'll give up goals So connor will still have to keep pressing on offense. Yeah, that's the formula right there When are the oilers playing the coyotes When's the next oilers coyotes match? No, maybe the coyotes are not powerful enough offensively to keep pouring in goals Maybe just has to be kind of like a mid of 500 club 500 hockey teams Where the goalie's just just in a bad slump that week Because connor mc david finished out his career in edmonton, right? Yeah, it can't be a blow. You're right So it would have to be you have to where connor would still have to be aggressive Or the oilers team but it's up to be aggressive Imagine that it's straight to the king with marty mc sorely I mean, there would be a There would there would be some old oilers fans who would who would just Who would just drop dead? They they didn't think twice in their lifetime something like that could ever happen Some would drop dead It's jared kellanek to 99 You can get a reliable goal. I think he could stay but imagine mc david in a big market Yeah, imagine if like like Mike trout is on the angels, you know and You know and for for more veteran players, he's he's still consistently one of the And even his rookie cards, right still consistent one of the top top guys value-wise in the hobby Dodgers trade turn are going to deal Now imagine if If mike trout Was a yankee. Oh, there's the super Super super cabrion haze One of one steven carney with the pittsburgh pirates nice All aboard the big hit express We had said dilo set the one of one line at three and a half That's one Yeah, the over is now Down from over is now down from plus 250. It's now down to plus 120 If you're into that sort of thing is the under still like under three and a half minus 110 Thanks, grizzly bees I mean, I couldn't I couldn't have pulled this without steven carney buying the pirates I appreciate that eight out of 99 louise robert chris and the light socks All right, we got kyle schover for ed in the red socks 75 and another louise robert to 50 for chris and the light socks You put the oh, I see I see Under three and a half still minus 135 louise robert his his sort of knock is helped right because if he's healthy then If he's healthy then he could be He could potentially be a what a 30 30 guy He still has a lot of bases doesn't he still a lot of bases Is the ability to sell out of bases 2020 guy 30 30 guy maybe All right next box So we are but we are halfway through this break ladies done about another 30 40 minutes to go Rex thinks that they should change the draft so that way the garbage teams gets the best picks There should be a random aspect to it. That's exactly that's exactly how the draft works In most major american sports tracks the worst teams Will get the the the best picks So teams are the worst records will usually get the number one overall pick And then the best teams will get the low 30s the 30s picks Oh, you mean don't You think they should change the draft so that way garbage teams don't get them Wait, so what do you mean where where the garbage teams don't get the best picks Is you're saying the best teams should get the best picks? Or you just want completely random Random so that everyone has an evil shot at number one. Yeah, I think that's so entrenched in american sports I don't think it's gonna happen Just like promotion and relegation In soccer that that could never happen here in the united states hunter-green die cut But that's kind of like what the what the premier league does You know the english premier league just the best teams get the best players Is jackson co-art of 15 that might eliminate that might be that's right. That might be that might eliminate some tanking if If everyone if every team had an equal shot at the number one pick It's freddie freeman to 50 Is miguel kebrer to 75 miggy going to detroit steven And there's wander franco 34 out of 99 Nice ride and low insert Is jake berger to 25 and another wander franco not numbered Immanuel reverer to 75 That'll be for kansas city. That'll be for hosé The wander franco will be for the raised him with the numbered one and now the base Ride and low insert jake berger Going to chris and the white socks. That's the 25 Yeah, I do like that rexham story I haven't finished all the episodes of that but I've heard the idea floated the bottom four teams having to like a basketball having to play attorneys or anything to get the number one pick I have heard that something like that mba wants to have like a mid-season tournament um Kind of like a cup match in in like soccer and premier league soccer Which I kind of like I would why not just just get rid of the all-star game Just get rid of the mba all-star game I guess you can you can keep like the skills And the three-point shooting in the dunk contests like just keep that And then just have like two weeks Where the just have a two week mid-season break You know match happen going to the a's daniel have a two week mid-season break with the bottom four teams You know or or I guess Would you be able to do in the middle of the season? Maybe at the end of the season end of the season have the bottom four teams do a little tournament and that Which would kind of be cool imagine if you had because you know you hear the story all the time. It's like You know here's like the mba going into the playoffs and your superstars on the best teams are Are battling like a nagging ankle injury a sore hammy this and that You do the post you do the end of season tournament for the number one overalls pick Of the four worst teams or whatever have like a week week and a half tournament And then the winner of that tournament gets You know that you have your superstars they can rest before the playoffs and then we've got high quality playoffs All the teams are rested ready to go That don't have a 30 player home run derby. You know how long that would take Imagine 30 players in a home run derby field. Oh Can you tell by that that's the how long would that take the home run derby would like 10 players. I feel like takes all night It's like a three hour tv experience Yeah, I suppose we got rid of the all-star game. Yeah, the whole weekend would be the home run derby Yeah, the load management thing. That's not so it's not so good You know, I always had this crazy idea for the NBA. There's Javier Baez to 99 So what do they play they play 82 games? There's Jesse Winker to 10 What if The NBA every team Plays each other once home and away. How many games would that be? Premier League does that right? I can't math that If it's 30 teams right and you're with 29 times two because you're not playing yourself Is that 58 games? Or maybe 57 Because now you don't play each other twice. You don't play each other home. You don't play yourself away So that's a lot fewer than 82 games Then the expectation is Players better play every single game Right and since it's well, there's one home in a way think about how important like this is the one time Giannis is coming into town. You got to go to that game You know Hey, and you can advertise it. This is the one game one time. Giannis is coming into town Time to come out to the arena. Go watch Giannis and your home team Far fewer games every ball every basketball player every superstar better be playing all 58 of those games Oh, pito anzo Nice. It's going to go to ryan herald and the Mets. That's his Mets There you go, ryan Five out of 25 as well Yeah, I thought it was gonna be an out of five for a second, but it's out of 25. Still good. Still good. There he is. There you go, ryan Giancarlo Stanton to 99 Alec Minoa to 50. Yeah, that's one thing that I wish the That I wish would be a little more distinctive like the I think the out of five is a slightly more reddish color than that bronze-ish color Maybe next year Alec Minoa going to Toronto. That's for Dilo And Giancarlo Stanton for Tristan and the Yankees. That's to 99 So that's kind of like my crazy idea Right, so they so each team will only play like 57 58 games Add a couple of playoff teams and then you can still do the Do the week and a half where they do the little mini tournament between the four teams The four bottom teams before the playoff start then you know who has number one overall pick All right, so there's still some competitive basketball for the bad teams at the end of the year Super stars get rested even more right and then they go into the playoffs And hopefully we see A great product there 99 out of 99 wonder franco. There you go, Tim Nice die cut.  Did they Sammy long for the Giants that's going to go to chris parent. That's to 75 So that's my crazy if I was commissioner Came for the day and I can change anything about the NBA I would just kind of do that And shorter season is good too. I mean, it's like 82 games is Is a long one And then there's no there's no back to backs You're you know that one team is coming to your town That one time a year You know, so now each individual regular season matchup becomes a little more intense It's fewer season fewer games to mess up, right?  You want the number one seed or something like that It's a lot, you know, it's a little bit more challenging when there's fewer games Fewer opportunities to make up those losses to get more competitive regular season games It feels a little more nfl because it would just be like You know far fewer games just home in a way Right. Yeah, and get rid of the back to backs. You got more time in between You know, you build all these days in between And guess what? If you have 58 games and you're playing fewer games more practice time in between you're probably getting a cleaner product mba wise You know where you can make a mid-season adjustments in your game because you can you have more practice time Yeah, the spreads are crazy different like on a back-to-back you know, there's always that classic rule of thumb of like Player coming player in like dfs daily fantasy player coming off a back-to-back on an mba game They kind of fade those players So that's my idea Now why why it wouldn't happen? The owners don't want to lose those regular season games. Even if you give them more playoff games I mean, and I would just tell the owners you just charge more for those 58 games. There's fewer games. You just Divide up what you but I don't know. I think the owners want that want those regular season games So I don't think I think concessions unions too.  That's going to go to the royals. That'll be for jose Baseball unders on getaway days midweek getaway days Yeah, I wonder how that will change With the with some of the timing rules Kind of don't mind that in the regular season, but I hope there'll be no clock In the postseason There's matt ulson to 15 That'll be for the a's d low luke williams to 75 for the fillies Uh, yeah, we got a petal anzo autograph out of 25 Here's one sodas 75 die cut for the gnats jeremy luke williams going to the fillies. That's for d low and his fighting fills That's to 75 It's one soto that one was numbered two Numbered as well in a julio rodriguez riding low not numbered but a cool insert Tristan with the mariners The one soto jeremy and the nationals One out of 50 nice got that cool die cut on the ride and low insert With baseball would I do it would we do we want to trim games in baseball? nice orange bobby wit jr 13 out of 25 nice That'll be for jose and the royals I wouldn't mind rolling back the number of regular season games to what it was in the 50s Something like that Is that nt case break gonna break tonight if it sells out? Yeah That's up to you that's up to you guys in the chat Not me though. If you sell it out, we'll do it. We got time for it Got time on the schedule All right die cut wander for tim And the wander franco for tim You ask one of those math people who do betting out of the rooms and he seemed to indicate that there's a small To see learn for lower scores on getaway days Yes, because the alms want to get out of there too. Absolutely Baseball betting believe it or not is especially if you're a baseball fan Like I am and you know the outside of my dodge is all I'll watch just a lot of baseball in general um and so You know So I'm going to watch these games. I may as well bet on them betting baseball is actually Is actually quite fun And it is the sport where a lot of and I'm not anywhere close to being a pro a professional sports better Sports gambler, but the pros say That that's where you can find The most edge and profits during a baseball season, you know in the nfl That's a that's a spread base game. So that's And those those lines are usually dialed in pretty pretty well By the by the books they're really good at making book with the nfl And there's a lot of parody In uh in the nfl too more than baseball and basketball basketball is another spread base sport. That's also really difficult to bet on Baseball is not that's just wins and losses and There's a lot of games 162 games every year and what? maximum 15 games a night, right? It's hard to end different starters every night. It's not like You know, it's not like my homes is You know my homes is playing every week, right? You know the main guy that touches the ball the most starters change every day You know offense is a may not but starters change every day even for the best teams So there's a lot of value on uh I mean, I've heard some people that this is not a It's not an easy rule, but Uh, it's not an easy rule, but um I think like if you bet on And you'd have to do it every single day to I think make it work But if you bet every single underdog in every baseball game throughout the entire season then um You may only win 30 percent of the time, but your return on investment would be plus I don't know about how much but you'd make a profit Right because it gains like that Three years ago Verlander switching with the Astros against the orio's orio's money line was like minus 400 and the o's one the o's were like plus 4 20 So for those of you not who are not familiar with this sort of stuff Minus 400 means you'd have to lay you'd have to pay 400 dollars just to win 100 dollars back Right now if you're if you've got even a little bit of business acumen you realize oh That doesn't sound very good I have to put 400 dollars down just to win 100 dollar That doesn't seem like a very it's not it's not a very big advantage. So You know when you see a number like that sometimes you just kind of auto bet it Maybe not with 100 bucks, but maybe like with 10 dollars, but like You know plus 4 20 means you only give the book 100 dollars to try to win 420 dollars back Now you're thinking oh, that's a much nicer return It is Now the likelihood of that happening Obviously diminishes you can even do the math at what What the implied win percentage is per whatever the money line is So I think at plus 4 20 that would imply the books are suggesting that The orio's are going to win 20 percent of the time But if you have a model that tells you if you have a betting model that says hey We think the orio's can win 35 percent at the time and that 25 percent is wrong Put a little money on the orio. Let's see what happens There's chas mccormick 23 out of 25 That's for houston and that spices up the game a little bit again as a baseball fan. I'm going to be watching these games anyway so If I'm going to watch Orioles astros on mlb.tv You know, why not bet the underdog and see what happens the hard part with baseball though And this happens to me every season like April may I'll be really into it You know, and I'll be I'll be cranking out grinding out numbers and Building formulas and studying up studying, uh, you know, whatever starters and numbers and crunch on it And then this just becomes a slog, you know, that means like it's like a whole other job and then you end up Not doing it as much and then But it's fun though It's jaren durand to 50 if you're into that sort of thing Well, maybe in previous seasons grizzled. He's not this year You have to ask if there's any real degenerates in you who bet no run first inning Uh I don't I I don't usually bet totals but, um There's trey manzine in 99 orials edition for daniel and jose abray to 75 white sox edition for chris parent I don't but I know that A lot of people do have some fun with that I see that with um with first quarter under In um in football. I know a lot of people like to bet that usually it's like it's nine and a half Sometimes 10 But usually teams don't really score a lot in the first quarter. I think there's some value in that Same with baseball like especially if you have good if you have like top I don't know top 20 starter Dilo and especially if there's top 20 starters facing each other Why not why not put a little bit on first run, you know, no inning no run first innings It's a 75 on that to tease I mean that it might be with two top 20 pitchers. It might be like minus 150 minus 120 maybe minus 125 on a on a first run First inning no run No run first inning that is But it can be a fun little sweat there was a I listened to like a number of like gambling podcasts and stuff like that and um There was one year in hockey for things for like some random team blackhawks or Maybe there's a few teams blackhawks or rangers, but it was consistently It was you could take first period unders And then you would be up like some ridiculous amount it would be like, you know, your roi would be plus 60 percent or something by by betting these teams first period First period unders and usually Under it's usually the line is like one and a half. I think for a first period goal total Yeah, home run. Yeah, home run bets are pretty fun. Do you deal Daniel? Do you do a baseball daily fantasy at all? I could never get that right I'm no good at daily fantasy in general, but I just can't I just can't get that especially with a full field of players I can usually like I can you know, I'll win every once in a while if I just do like Lakers daily fantasy just like Laker showdown Or like a Dodgers one like if it's Dodgers So-and-so showdown, you know, I've watched the Dodgers far more than any other teams. So Sort of easy to be like, oh, yeah, well I know the hitting tendency or something like that So I can do like a Dodgers Showdown Dodgers and another team kind of showdown lineup and I bet a dollar. I mean, maybe I'll get a dollar 25 dollar 50 back or something like that Very low stakes for me on daily fantasy But Getting home doing home run props You know, there's far more value.  Are you do enjoy the reading? If so, I just dropped a link in the chat to a book that I enjoyed By Joe Peter X wall street guy who ended up You know Figuring out this algorithm for betting on baseball But it's called trading bases How a wall street trader made a fortune betting on baseball It came out 2014 ish. I don't know how much of that some of that info might be a little dated but But um, also, he's a Philly guy. He was he was so that you definitely have to read it. He was raised in westchester pa And uh was like, you know suffered the heartaches his bio says he suffered the heartaches of the 70s 1970s Philly being a 1970s Philly's fan So he's a Philly dude wall street guy I think the the book kind of mixes in a little bit of his own personal Biography which which is interesting. I think what happened is um Yeah, I think they got it on on audible. There's some numbers some math involved. There's math in the book so I I might Might even recommend the the paperback So I think there's some numbers and charts that might be a little more Uh a little easier to to look at on in book format Unless the audible has the pdf attachments for that uh john lester st. Louis matthew wood but the story is is that he Was a new york wall street guy He was walking down the street. He was crossing the street In like manhattan or something a car whips around And uh hits him breaks his leg and um And so I think I think he originally lives in san francisco, but he He broke his leg. He couldn't it was bad. It was so bad. He was holed up in his apartment for Months and couldn't even go back home. It couldn't get on a plane To go back home. So he was just So he was just there his family's back in san francisco. I mean they could visit but it was just like So a lot of pain And to to manage the pain he would watch west late night west coast baseball And then started using his wall street numbers background To uh to start hammering out formulas and stuff like that Forbidding on baseball Jorge with the potters and then kind of made essentially a baseball like hedge fund or something like that which initially didn't do well, but But then ended up making himself and his friends a lot of money There's kasey mysa 99, but it's a it's a really cool story Apparently he created a baseball hedge fund And had an astounding 41 return in his first year But yeah, it's a it's a good read Even even with the math. I think it's uh, he's a good writer. It's a pretty pretty breezy pretty breezy book and if you if you're already a d gen, you know, but A smarter d gen then you might want to check it out because there's some there's some principles that you can apply There he's big on are you familiar with the kelly criterion? Here's louise gill 20 out of 50 Yankees that's for tristan I think if you're if you're talking to enough d gens that that word will have come up I'm sure in some of your conversations All right. Nice Julio Rodriguez For tristan in seattle Final box coming up. Yeah, do some research on that. That's an interesting kelly criterion is interesting one. It's basically It's essentially a formula on which to I think finance folks use it But it's just to basically figure out Instead of betting set units, which is the recommended strategy If you're feeling a little friskier, you can use the kelly criterion to To calculate edges and then figure out how much you want to Play off that edge the example was if The orio's being plus 420 or whatever if that implies. I don't know if this is correct, but You like you can do the math on your own, but let's say for example the The the line is plus 420 and that implies a winning percentage by vegas as a 20% chance that the orio's will win right for example. I'm just making up numbers, but If you have a model, let's say you can even use espn's win prediction percentage or 538.com's win percentage thing And let's say Or fan graphs has win prob win percentages too. Take all those numbers together and let's say all those web searches saying it's You know orio's actually have a 35 percent chance at winning right which should be plus 300 Instead of plus 450 you can already see how big that edge is And then using the kelly criterion you can see how much you should bet So if there's no edge, you're not maybe maybe you pass on that game But if the edge is that big then you're betting bigger on that game So which is kind of a risky strategy if you think about it because You know, you're still talking about a bad team That's probably going to lose More times than they're not But if you hit Right, yeah, the bet size is always controversial No, it is but if you hit and you place the bigger bet on that on that risky play Okay, so that'll start start making up for the other other losses. So it's it's a Yeah, it's interesting It's worth looking up and and I think there's few a few other sports that that will really work Uh sports betting wise, but baseball is definitely one of them where you can apply that and get edges Just because there's so many data points for baseball and like fan graphs ESPN 538 there are a number of sites that just I just give you that information for free Stick with us daniel and I'm sure I'm sure once I start making official plays In the break schedule, there's a joe's picks tab And I'm sure that I'll that I'll re-explain all of this But for anybody who's just interested in this subject and not really not even you don't even have to be a gambler to enjoy The trading basis book. I'm not this is not an affiliate link. I don't uh I'm not getting paid to promote this book But it's just personally a good read that I enjoyed and I think even casual fans And casual bettors might get something out of it too Another wander franco No, I'm not a tout. Dilo call one at 1 800 jaspy picks joe jaspy is five and two on the week He'll give you one pick for free and for five dollars a day He'll give you his best bet of the week Baseball football basketball college basketball.  Don't buy picks. Don't fall thankfully I I grew up with a number of other gamblers and and we quickly Learned horror stories and learned lessons of people who were like buy or call those tout services and they Tristan with the cubs And uh, yeah, just don't do it Mo I mean, I'm sure there's some that are that are fine But obviously they're touts because they're touting their service and more often than not I mean their bets aren't public You don't know what you don't know what the records are and no one's actually tracking these guys Because we're degenerates, right? We're not tracking the the the tout And saying no actually he was three and five last week not five and three But no one's actually doing that And there's a boba shed. That's boba shed going to daniel Here's jeff mcneil for the Mets. That's for ryan herald and the other thing is Some of the more shadier ones You'll call in And they'll give you they they basically split the difference on the pigs They'll tell half the callers this team half the callers another team. So that's why the other half You know then half the people be like no this tout service works. It's definitely the best Be smart folks. Don't fall into that trap. There's wander franco Maybe the only thing I pay for now in that in that world is uh, it's action network 65 is 75 lance lynch. Oh white talks chris parent. It's hilarious. How many times they say the number? Why is it hilarious rex? I'll tell you what rex before you make fun of that In the radio industry, especially in advertising, they tell you that um that the optimal times to repeat information Is three times to have that settle in uh, someone's head to remember the number Why do I do? That's why I say the website all the time Jasper's case breaks.com Where do you go for personal breaks at jasper's breaks on instagram live? That's at jasper's breaks on instagram Jason jasper at jasper's breaks on instagram.com Slash jasper's breaks at jasper's breaks But yeah, it's been scientifically At least the advertisers have said it's scientifically proven that that you have to That three times is the optimal number For information retention bobby with junior die cut That goes to the royals jose So it's not hilarious rex. It's smart It's marketing It's advertising That's how we get you to buy stuff Yeah, my my welcome to k jasper 105 point jasper playing nothing but the hits breaking nothing but the hits All right, nice break ladies and gentlemen got all that nice stuff. We've got the bobby wood jr to 25 The julio rodriguez inserts matt olson was to 15 Got the wander franco green die cut 99 out of 99 Autos are few and far between Peter lanzo auto is your auto five out of 25 nice low number there I think one of these was numbered. Yeah, that wander was numbered It's got the torkelson. Why about this? There was a second autograph. I forgot about it because it was a redemption mike trout autograph. That was pretty nice bobby wood jr green And the right the cabriona haze one of one almost forgot about that Great stuff ladies and good convo fun times fun break. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us I'm joe for jaspyscasewrakes.com. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye


Congratulations to EA Sports to the game. They released the Madden 22 cover. And we kind of knew what it was, I guess, because the internet had figured that out because they were at a private high school down in Tampa Bay and somebody took a picture through a building, through a tree. And Tom and Patrick Mahomes are sitting next to each other. But the Madden game releasing this in Tom Brady, the greatest of all time. In Patrick Mahomes, the future goat is out there basically painting this whole thing.   I hope, I don't know how much money they made. I hope it was a lot. Full photo shoot down there. A lot of them looking down, by the way. Is that a metaphor for them at the top of the mountain?


Good morning, everyone, and welcome. How's everyone doing today? Going to review Netflix here. 100% conviction Netflix called it as a long option yesterday. Despite the fact the stock came in red of the day, I knew Netflix was a long way. The bullish golden gap rating system, which is amazing, told me Netflix was a buy. And I knew day traders were shorting this yesterday, as swing trades to fill the gap, as puts that the options would go lower, that the stock price would go lower. And I knew people that day traded this short yesterday, horrible thing to do. The stock is higher. It is strong. Gapped up overnight on the earnings, I think 25 bucks more than that. Closed the night before at 2.27, opened in the morning at 2.55. Amazing, amazing strength in Netflix. And so people took it, took the call yesterday, and they're up, and it's running, and it's working, and it's going, 2.60 is the first target in this for the option, for those of you that are in it. Really, another great call by me to see this would go. Dream target for this. I called it out a month, could be even 2.75. That's not insane, a whole month of time, period. A lot of big earnings coming out next week. So very, very, very exciting move for Netflix here. The stock is higher. And it is just amazing how well I can see that somebody's going to follow through and continue. The fact that that held yesterday weren't held. I just, I even, I called the low of the day in the room. I said, oh my gosh, this is it. This is going to hold right here. And you know, even though it didn't go green yesterday, I felt very confident that it would today. And by the way, this is not going today because of the market, it's going on its own. But the market will help us today. Fully get over this bar of the high from yesterday, which is 2.5771. Really nice call here. Hope everybody did it on the option letter. If you'd like to sign up for the option letter, email me at melissa at thestockswish.com. I've been making some huge calls and really one or two, one or two trades could even pay for the whole year of the letter. And there's no prerequisites for that. You don't have to do the golden gap class to sign up for the letter. All right, have a good day everyone. And good luck with Netflix. So as a viewer that are still in it, it's running up.


You may have heard that Australia is providing military equipment at the state of Israel, but there's a reason you probably don't know the details. The Albanese government is trying to hide them. So here's what we do know. We know that over the past five years, the Australian government has provided over 350 military export permits to Israel. Imagine a permit is this box. The box can contain any number of guns, ammunition, armor, software, equipment, anything really that can be used to destroy or cause harm. The government has to approve every single time we give this to another country, but the government refuses to tell the public what's in it. Refuses to say how much is it, how much it costs and who that other person might be giving it to. We do not track if these boxes move from one country to another. For example, exports pass from Australia to the United States can just be given to Israel by the U.S. without any questions been asked of Australia, without us knowing. So we have no idea the scale of our true involvement in Israel's military invasion of Gaza. All we know is that over the past five years, the government has approved 350 of these to go directly to the state of Israel. That's all the government will tell us. They are desperate to keep secret what military equipment they have provided. But the public has been doing the work the Albanese government won't. Stay tuned because we'll be explaining military exports over the coming weeks.


I think the first one for me is definitely personal questions. I think it's a norm, it's probably India or it's just curiosity of people. So invariably I have been asked about whether what are my plans to get married, what are my plans for future, if I'm planning to have kids anytime soon, what will my in-laws say, how will I manage work and home. And over time I realized that instead of getting offended about it or instead of taking it personally, it's better that I go prepared. So rather than taking it negatively, look at it as something that is obvious and that will be asked. And then just go prepared for your answers, whatever the case may be. More often than not, people appreciate if you've done your research beforehand. So not just about the person you're going to meet, about the fund that you're going to present to, about the industry in general, about what's happening in the market right now, what are the other companies the fund would have invested in or the investor would have invested in. All of this research, all of this background shows that you're more prepared, shows that you know what you're doing, shows you know what you want and that puts you in a far better position than being clueless or just going with the flow without being aware of it. It's important to be assertive and it's also important to be who you are. Inevitably you get influenced by all the other people around you. As a women co-founder with male co-founders, there have been times where I've tried to adapt myself to other people's working styles and I realized that that did not work for me and therefore at the end I just had to be comfortable with who I am, with what my style of working was and be assertive about it. Be clear about it, be confident about it and that same confidence and assertiveness needs to be projected when you're going out for the fund raise as well. Before you're even going for the fund raise, I would urge everybody to take a pause and think about why do you want to go for that fund raise altogether. Is it because you're getting influenced by all the news and the hype and hoopla around it in the market or is it because you feel that that's a genuine business need for you and it also aligns with your life and lifestyle choices. Doing a fund raise is probably the easy part of it. Being part of a company that has raised fund externally is the harder part of it. So it is perfectly alright if the high stress, high action life is not comfortable for you and therefore you would want to be in a slightly more mellowed down but things that you can control fully sort of an environment versus an environment which is very partially in your control and you're driven more by the action and the necessity of delivering certain results.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jaspyskatesprac.com. We just sold out another R&B filler for a spot in the Jaspys 110 box hip parade football mixer guys, the card edition. So the way this works guys is instead of putting a customer name, we're putting R&B four in the randomizer list for the names and teams in the break. And then number four, we'll get a team in the hip parade mixer.  So it works just like a usual random number block. Everybody gets random number from zero to nine. And of course, if let's just say you guys get randomized to Jaguars and we hit a Trevor Lawrence autograph three out of 10 and you have number three as a serial number in this R&B, you'll get that Trevor Lawrence. Also too, as I added bonus, remember we're giving away Super Bowl squares. So instead of a name being under a Super Bowl square, it's gonna be R&B four. If they win a Super Bowl square prize in either the first, second, third or fourth quarter, the prize will be randomized between you guys in this break. And tonight only. If you bought a spot here, you had a chance to win a free spot if we sold it out, which we're giving away two free spots. So the dash will be for the free spot giveaway, top two names to get free extra spots, we'll paste it in and I'll have the randomizer for the names and numbers and see what you guys match up with. Now we don't know the team just yet because the break hasn't happened yet, but once the break happens, you'll know what team you guys get once we do the break. Sure, let's go. Dice roll, four and a one, five times. One, two, three, four and five. Boom, five times, four and a one, five, five. Michael Allen-Raymond, congratulations. Just won free extra spots. It's awesome right there, there we go. So five times here now, one, two, three, four and five. Michael at the top again, down to Raymond. And then of course, five times here, one, two, three, four, five. Six down to four. And also just a reminder to you guys, there could be a chance that there is non-numbered cards in this mixer, and if there is, don't worry, they'll be randomized between you guys as well, depending on how many there is, they'll either be in one lot or distribute it separately. But everything hopefully mostly should be serial numbered. So Michael with six, Brandon with five, so Michael with six, Brandon with zero, Jeremy four with one, Michael with three, Monty with two, Raymond with seven, Kev, you have nine, Alameda five, Jason with eight, and then Raymond with four. So there you go guys, R&B five has been posted.


I'll give you a sense of what we learn from the book itself on the different issues around research practice, knowledge gaps, and policy implications. So let me do that. So this book, as I mentioned, is about the movement of anyone, an individual or worker or a group, from a lower to a higher level education, occupation or social class income. You'll notice right away that we are very key to capture occupational mobility. Shiko Inoskino today started talking about education and income. We do believe that occupational mobility is also very important, and she also has occupational mobility along with income education, understanding social mobility. So the book contains 16 chapters. I will show you what the chapters are by top scholars in sociology, economics, political science, history, and anthropology. When Vegard Ivesen, I put this book together, we are absolutely clear that we had to have a multidisciplinary conversation. It wasn't going to be a book only by economists, for economists, of economists. So we looked around and we found some of the leading scholars in other disciplines, and I think that's a very important part of what we did in this book. So just to give you a summary of the chapters, apart from the directory chapter, we have the books in four parts. The first part is on the Therian concepts of mobility. We had, in fact, we have a presentation of Patricia on Chapter 2, Drivers of Mobility in Global South. We had also had Gary Fields, Vegard Ivesen, Ravi Kanboud, talking about the measurement problems and mobility, applying it to low-income contexts. And then this part three is very important because we wanted to have chapters on income mobility, educational mobility, and occupational mobility. And so we had Himanshu and Peter Lanja on the income mobility chapter, but you notice that Fariz Hitachi is perhaps the leading sociologist working on mobility on social Latin America.  So again, we tried to make sure that we had people of different disciplines speak about the kind of areas that they have been working on, and not just income but education and occupation too. The third chapter, the third part, is very broad. Disciplines speak to each other. So we had a chapter of the Shah-e-Imran for us today on economics, how economies approach mobility. And then along with that, we had Yajin Li as a sociologist speaking about how sociology approach mobility using China as an example. And then we had an anthropologist, the Yavait, tell us how ethnographers will look at mobility using quality methods. And finally, we had an economic historian, Gregory Clark, speak about how historians approach mobility using archival data. The fifth part was with the part where we talked about the drivers of mobility. We had Jerry Burman on human capital, Emily Renza on immigration, urban organization on mobility. Nancy Locke, a chapter which we thought was very important, have on gender and mobility. Patricia Fungi-Greger-Kissakis, who's a colleague in wider, uni-wider on social mobility, horizontal inequality. And then we had this final chapter, concluding chapter. So that was a structure. So now let me just tell you a little bit. I'll just skip a couple of slides here. I want to just talk a little bit about what have we learned from this book. And I'm going to speak about three different areas. Let's speak about knowledge gaps, research practice, and policy options. And this is really what was the reason why we got this book together, we put this book together. First is that, what are we still not very clear about? Especially for low income countries. So what are the important knowledge gaps that are there, and how can we try and address them? The second was on trying to think of a research practice, methods, into this many conversations. So how can we try and have more innovative methods in looking at social mobility from different disciplines? And the final part was to think about policy advice, and how should we advise policy makers, we think of social mobility in their own country context. So that was the way we thought about what the book should be about and the final chapter sort of does that in different ways. So knowledge gaps. I think the first thing we felt, and that's something Shiko mentioned in the keynote, is that we don't really have the data that we need to understand mobility, international mobility. What we need is data on going back in time, or income, education, occupation, that can link parents and children together. And we don't really have that. We don't have the kind of data that Raj Chetty and others are working with in the US, for example. So that's a really big problem, and something that we need to think about. Why are we still in a situation where we haven't got the panels that we need to understand mobility? Along with that, there were also questions about measurement, and I'll get back to that a little bit later, on how should we think about measuring mobility in a context where perhaps income is not the best metric of mobility. So education and occupation may well be much more, better indicators of mobility when income is not exactly very reliable in low-income countries. A second gap we felt was very important is that there's practically almost no work on gender and mobility. So if you ask a question that on mobility and father-son mobility in low- and middle-income countries, you might be able to say something, because there are a few papers in China and India and Latin America. So because mother-daughter mobility is practically nothing. Now, part of the reason is that many of the services we tend to look at do not ask questions about mothers of the house or the person of the child's maternal background. It doesn't ask questions about the mother's education background, occupational background, and so on. So we don't really have the kind of question, the kind of data we need to understand mother-daughter mobility. But this is quite disappointing because, first, it's just one-sided. I mean, you can't have a consistent approach to mobility if you look at only father-son mobility and not look at mother-daughter mobility. And also when we know that women are now increasing into the level fours and increasing in educated. So that's a big, big gap that we found in this literature. A third knowledge gap is that we don't really know much about the drivers of mobility. So if you look at the causal evidence on this, it's still pretty limited. We don't really have the kind of work we've seen in the U.S. and the European countries. So for example, if you think about somebody born, a poor child born in Islam in Mumbai and Nairobi or Rio, there may be many things happen at the same time that can explain weak intergenerational mobility. Could be poor schooling, lack of well-paid jobs, a scarcity of role models in the neighborhood, and various forms of group-based discrimination. Now, which one exactly is more important? How do we know that for this child in Mumbai and Nairobi or Rio, is it to do with poor schooling? Is it to do with discrimination? Is it to do neighborhood effects? How do we disentangle these things? And I think one of the problems that I think is that in the economics approach is, using experimental methods to cause experimental methods, we try and isolate one factor, one key factor. But of course that's not really what happens when we see complex and erratic causes of mobility in this kind of context. So how do we bring together our understanding of both the causal evidence, in which in any case, it's quite limited, along with evidence from qualitative methods which can tell us more about the multiple causes of mobility. So that's something that's a big limitation there. On research practice, we think there are three key lessons. First lesson I think we think is that there is a problem that if you ask someone that what is mobility in China in education, let's say occupation, versus India, it's very difficult to get a clear answer. Why? Because the person working on China is using one concept of mobility, the person working in India is using a different concept of mobility. Concepts are used in a loose way. Measurement is done in a fairly ad hoc way. So for example, apart from perhaps should cut out our education mobility, where there's a more clarity of how you measure education achievement perhaps, though not on quality of education, but more entertainment. This very little we can do on income mobility because measurement and concepts often seem to be going at, are often contradicting each other. And I think that's something to think about that. If you're going to work in mobility, exactly be clear about your concepts. Define your concepts, define your measures at the very beginning. So that's one very big problem. The other problem I think we think is that the measures and methods we use often are not really capturing what you really want to capture. So if you think about IGRC's IGMs, we seem to think mobility upward or downward is symmetrical. So for example, if we move up, the same thing as we move down. IGRC does not differentiate between upward and downward mobility. But downward mobility in Africa or South Asia, a low income context, is a very different situation than upward mobility. So we can't use measures which are capturing mobility in upward or downward mobility in symmetrical ways, because that's not really very useful. So we need to find better ways to capture mobility, which does seem to take into account different upward and downward mobility. And that's something again we need to think about. The third thing we felt was that there needs to be this conversation that hasn't happened in the literature. We have to have conversations with economists, historians, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, because that will make this work much richer. And I think there's something that we wanted to take to economists who work in this area that it's really important that they need to engage with a non-economic situation. Especially in sociology, where there's a lot of work going on on quantitative sociology and mobility, there needs to be much better conversation going on between those who even who use quantitative methods on mobility and measures. So that's something we felt was very important. On policy, I think the first few policy options we thought came out of the book itself are fairly standard. We saw a lot of evidence on the importance of broad-based human capital investment. There's very clear evidence that we need to have more jobs, good jobs and opportunities for people to move up, occupation and income. There's also a lot of evidence that downward mobility is not something we should have in a low-income country context. So we should really worry about downward mobility before even thinking about upward mobility and find ways of trying to make sure that that downward mobility is contained. So that's something else that we found. But there were other things that came out from the volume that we felt were not exactly being discussed as much in the policy literature. One was that we felt social networks make a big difference in low-income country context. So who you know, how do you peer effects, neighborhood effects, all these are very important. And the chapter by Reilly and Mani show that the importance of social networks very, very clearly. So for example, how do you get jobs, breadth rules, intangible ways by influencing aspirations, cultural capital, providing role models are really important in thinking of mobility.


Strategic Cybersecurity, Module 9, Problems of Identity and Attribution. Once you have completed the readings, lecture, activity, and assessment, you will be able to compare and contrast cybercrime attribution to attribution in traditional crime, articulate three common problems or issues with determining cybercrime attribution. Welcome to Strategic Cybersecurity, Module 9. In this module, we will discuss the problem of determining identity and attribution on the internet. The readings for this module describe how the domain name system, or DNS, essentially translates domain names into IP addresses. This eliminates the need to remember long strings of numbers for all the web pages we visit. As Rosenweig notes, the DNS addressing function is a three-way process. Someone registers a domain name, which subsequently must be hosted on a server, and is then located by its association with an IP address. As was pointed out, problems occur when nefarious actors such as terrorists or criminals with a desire for anonymity register a domain using a shell company or fake persona. This of course can make tracing of their true identities extremely difficult. Depending on a hacker's level of sophistication, backtracking unlawful intrusions into computer networks may be extremely laborious. Recall the story of GhostNet from your previous readings. GhostNet was a cyberespionage intrusion set discovered in 2009 and used to spy on offices associated with the Dalai Lama and various countries' embassies. The GhostNet malware appears to have entered targeted computer systems through socially engineered phishing emails. Once downloaded, the malware used a remote access tool that allowed nearly complete access to compromised computers. The Information Warfare Monitor Group, a Canadian cybersecurity firm, spent nearly a year tracking GhostNet before finally determining its origin. News on China's Hunan Island, home to the headquarters of China's Signal Intelligence Agency. This story highlights the vast time and resources required to trace intrusions back to their original source, especially if someone is motivated to hide their attribution. Most individuals or companies do not have the time or money to investigate an intrusion into their computer systems, particularly if the intrusion is from a sophisticated cyber actor. Several recently, recall again Russia's meddling into the 2016 US presidential election. Nearly a year passed after that election before social media firms, such as Facebook and Twitter, were able to determine that numerous organizational pages created on their sites were purchased by Russian actors. Many of the accounts were meant to polarize the American public and potentially create chaos in the country. Two examples of such accounts were a Defend the Second page for gun rights supporters and an LGBT United page for gay rights activists, pages for two issues known to polarize the American public. FBI investigators have determined that these two groups and possibly hundreds more were part of a sophisticated disinformation campaign linked to the Internet Research Agency, a company in St. Petersburg, Russia, known to be a front for the KGB. Most Western democracies possess a slight libertarian streak regarding the ability to hide one's identity on the Internet. But authoritarian countries like China have little appetite for it. In fact, in 2012, the Chinese government issued new rules requiring all Internet users to provide their real names to Internet service providers. The belief was that these rules would help the government identify and clamp down on Internet political discourse contrary to that approved by the Chinese Communist Party. As of 1st and 4th Amendment protections, we will likely never have such strict registration requirements in the United States. However, some type of arrangement must eventually be investigated, as the problems associated with identity obfuscation on the Internet are likely to only get worse. We will probably never know if the Russian intrusions into the 2016 US presidential election really influenced how people voted and thus affected the outcome of the election. What we do know, however, is that the ability to quickly determine the identity of actors, especially nefarious actors, on the Internet is extremely important, as evidenced by the examples just noted. But it is not just nation-state actors who are motivated to hide their attribution to spy on adversaries or sow chaos in democratic elections. We must also be concerned with criminal actors looking to hide their attribution to target individuals for specific crimes. We will consider this in the next module. Quiz Question 1. Determining attribution in traditional crimes is made easier by the fact that, as opposed to cybercrimes, criminals are generally in close proximity to the crime scene. A. True B. False The answer is true. Quiz Question 2. Which of the following is not considered a common problem with determining attribution in cybercrimes? A. Determining attribution can become a matter of having sufficient financial resources. B. Cybercriminals are generally not in close proximity to their crimes. C. Cybercriminals are generally only interested in social justice concerns. D. Many cybercrimes are committed by criminals in foreign jurisdictions, making it difficult to investigate. The answer is C. Cybercriminals are generally only interested in social justice concerns. The activity for this module asks that you find a friend or family member who has been the victim of a phishing attack or other cybercrime. This could be you. Ask them how the attack occurred, be a malware inside an email or ads placed on social media and how they responded. Were any signs present of who was orchestrating the crime? What would your advice to others be to avoid future attacks or crimes?


Have you ever been someplace noisy with a friend, maybe a bar or a concert, and they said something to you that you didn't understand? Maybe it sounded something like this. It was pretty hard to understand, right? But what if we heard a clean version of that sound? If this doesn't work, it'll be really embarrassing. You can understand it easily. So what would happen if we replayed the garbled version again? I'll bet you could understand it this time. The words just popped out at you. So why is this? We conducted the same experiment in order to answer this question. The first time that we played the garbled sentence, we didn't see very much activity in parts of the subject's brain that are associated with sound or understanding speech. The second time that they heard the garbled sentence after they had heard the clean sentence, we saw a very different pattern emerge. What we found was that your brain actually changes the way that it focuses on different parts of the sound. This allows it to understand this garbled speech sentence even though it couldn't understand it the first time. This is really important because one of the biggest tasks that your brain has is in filtering out all of the noise that's present in the world around it. And what we showed was evidence that your brain is using its previous experience with sound in order to make this happen. By understanding the ways in which our brain filters out noise in the world, we hope to be able to create devices that help people with speech and hearing impediments accomplish the same thing. It will be really embarrassing.