Proudly, we hail. New York City, where the American stage begins, here is another program with a cast of outstanding players. Public service time has been made available by this station for your Army and your Air Force to bring you this story as Proudly, we hail the United States Army. Our story is entitled, Underwater Soldiers. This is the story of the deep sea technicians of the Seventh Transportation Regiment at Fort Eustis, Virginia and military divers on 24-hour call at Army port installations from Yokohama to Europe. Our first act curtain will rise in just a moment, but first, those who enjoy freedom must help support it. And in these uncertain times, we must remain strong and alert to the dangers that surround us. If you're qualified, you can join Freedom's team by becoming a member of your United States Army. There's an urgent need for technical specialists in every field. You'll receive the world's finest training, and at the same time build an interesting and rewarding career. Visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station for full information. And now your Army and your Air Force present the Proudly, we hail production, Underwater Soldiers. A boy and a girl swimming at Old Point Comfort Beach, Virginia. The girl, Jane Gunther. The boy, Carl Jordan, taking a final shore weekend before carrying crew on an important decision. Give you a hand back up on the raft, Jane. Thanks, I'm up. Hey, did you see those big blues that cheered off when we went down that time? Bluefish in this close? Yeah, school of them. We'd have had spears we could have shot. Well, Carl, with those rubber flippers on your feet, you moved so fast down under, I couldn't keep up with you. Oh, sorry, I forgot. But the goggles worked out for you that time, didn't they? Oh, perfectly. Everything was as clear as up here. Yeah, sometimes things can be clear underwater than they ever get up here. What do you mean, Carl? Well, I head back home to Richmond tomorrow. In a week I'll be in the Army. Isn't that what you want to do? Enlist, honey? Well, sure, but... You don't sound at all. Well, the trouble is, Jeannie, I... I told my father I'd make it Army, and I guess that's what it'll have to stick to. He was Army, and I guess he'd almost disown me if I went for anything else. So would I. So would you. Carl, I just realized it. It was just this morning we met for the first time. You've never seen me in anything but this bathing suit. You think I'm complaining? You're about the best-looking... The best-looking corporal on the beach. Corporal? I'm a whack, Carl, from Fort Monroe. I've been in the Army for nearly a year, and I love it. Oh, well, wait a minute, Jeannie. Let me get straight on this. Now, I didn't say that... Whatever you said, for a man going into the Army, you don't sound hilarious about it. Well, it's probably foolish, but... See, ever since I was a kid, I've been crazy about the water. Ponds, rivers, ocean here, any kind of water. Getting under it mostly with goggles away if we're doing now and fishing or collecting stuff or just looking around at all there is to see down below. You think no one in the Army ever gets a chance to swim? Well, I'll admit you're stationed near a beach, but it might just be my luck to get a sign a thousand miles away from Saltwater. Carl, you're from Virginia here. Haven't you ever been over to Fort Eustis? Well, yeah. Hey, wait a minute, why all the questions? My brother's a master sergeant over at Fort Eustis. I happen to be meeting him in Newport News tonight for dinner. Oh, would you like to drive over with me? Oh, sure, but how do I rate? I think you might like to hear about Bill's job over at Fort Eustis. He's a diver, Carl, and he does his deep sea work for the United States Army. Yes, there's a diving section in the Army in the Seventh Transportation Regiment, both an operating diving section and underwater school are maintained at Fort Eustis, Virginia, and teams of deep sea military divers are on duty around the world with port maintenance battalions of the Transportation Corps and with amphibious engineer units. That night, when he met Jane's brother, Master Sergeant Bill Gunther, Carl Jordan knew he'd found what he wanted to do in the Army. You say anyone can put in for training in military diving, Sergeant? If he qualifies, Jordan, you've got to pass Army Regulation 4100 for one thing, and that's one of the stiffest physicals in the Army. He's nearly as tough as you are, Bill. I've seen him swim. Well, now, say I'm lucky enough to get by the physical. You say you've worked in a shipyard and done some welding? Well, probably not up to your standard, but I've handled the tools. Well, that'll help. When a diver gets under, he's got to be ready to be about everything for a paper man. Bill, you're breaking his heart. Janey, if he's willing and able to learn, and if he can apply what he learns 100 feet down, a couple of tons of water shoving down on you, maybe in mud, nine times out of 10 without being able to see. Bill, are you deliberately trying to scare Carl out of trying for the diving school? Mike Moran says if you can scare a man off by talk, Janey, he's not cut out for a diver. But what about it, Jordan? Sound like too tough a deal for him? You'll have to tell me that, Sergeant, after I get to Fort Eustis. Or at least if they let me get there after I finish basic. Carl Jordan qualified after his enlistment in the Army and eventually made it to the diving school at Fort Eustis. Welcome there by Colonel Deagle, commanding officer of the school, Operations Chief Eugene F. Mike Moran, Sergeant Bill Gunther and other underwater veterans. Carl and the men of his training class began learning the essentials of one of the most challenging jobs in or out of the service. The Army gives rated divers extra hazard pay because any job you go on can be dangerous. Dangerous and pretty important. Whether you clear mines and underwater obstructions under fire, as Army divers did going into Inchon Harbor, or go down for cakes of government silver dollars like they once did back in Manila Bay. But if you new men learn enough from your instructors here, and if you keep cool and collected when you're under, you'll do your job and you'll keep your life. Good luck to all of you. If the new men learned enough, Carl Jordan and his classmates had facts thrown at them day after day before they ever got near the water, the physical properties of the elements they'd be dealing with. Pure water is a clear liquid made up of two parts hydrogen, one part oxygen. It's compressible, but only slightly. At 39 degrees Fahrenheit, it's the standard for our specific gravity, one CC weighing a gram. Most of you men run to muscle and bone. They're slightly heavier than water. Fat tissue and the residual air in your lungs are lighter. Now what it adds up to is that most of you, unweighted, could float indefinitely as long as you could keep at least a couple of fingers moving. Air is an invisible odorless tasteless mixture of gases formed cheaply of nitrogen and oxygen, nearly in the ratio of 4 to 1. It's compressible and elastic. At sea level, depending on the temperature and barometric pressure, it might take 773 quarts of air to equal the weight of one quart of water. That means for one thing, it doesn't take much air to get you headed back up for the surface. And the deeper you are, the quicker to land. What they'd be working in. What they'd be working with. This is your deep gear. Look it over and handle the items all of you. These are your lead weighted boots. 22 pounds apiece. This is your suit. Rubber diving dress. 18 and a quarter pounds. Your belt. Well, the lead blocks is your heaviest item. 85 pounds. Could we get that bell off in a hurry, Mr. Moran? That is, if we had to. Fast enough, Bracken. But you won't ever have cause to. You handle your lines and the air nozzle as you should. And it's the way your instructors have told you. A man who starts worrying too much on a dip doesn't have time to look out for himself. Let alone get his job done. I'm sorry, sir. I didn't mean to give the idea that... Ask any questions that hit you. Top sides where it's easy to answer them. If we've got the answers. Now this is your knife. Two and a half pounds. And your breastplate and helmet. 54 pounds taken together make up the basic gear. Just over 200 pounds of it. A lot lighter underwater than it feels here. But there'll be times when you'll think you're lugging a piano in your shoulders. Inside the helmet, you'll generally have a two-way telephone rig. And of course, your air intake and exhaust. You regulate your air supply. But the most important equipment any novice diver takes underwater is himself. His own brains, coolness, physical handiness and some qualities of courage and adaptability that can't be known until a man makes his first dive. It can be rough down there with a deep rig on Jordan even for someone who likes the water. Half the men who try this get washed out for claustrophobia. They tighten up and panic when they get down here? With a helmet and a couple of tons of water piled on. Anybody can get a jug of it. It can clear up fast if you'll remember what we've taught you.  No disgrace for a man's makeup. This won't let him loosen up down under. In your case, though, maybe I ought to tell you that Mike Moran thinks you've got the makings of a good deep water man. But you said that about me? He's on operations now, not at the school, and that's an off the record guess. He's pulling for all of you in the class anyhow, and he knows no bets hold till a man's actually been down. You all set? Yeah. Lucky you, soldier. Thanks. All set, Bill, when you and Keohar. Let's go. The tenders above can follow a man's progress by the used air that keeps bubbling up. In the darkening strange world Carl Jordan has entered, except for his phone, a man hears only the hiss of the compressed fresh air entering the helmet. No, not yet, Sergeant. About claustrophobia? I got it, all right. I feel about as jammed in as a lobster in a milk bottle. Want up? No. It took too many months to get down here, Sergeant. I think I'm starting to feel better already. Sure. Sergeant, I'm on bottom now. Good gone, soldier. Remember which way to the buoy? I think it's a half turn and straight off. Well, get gone. We'll check your bubbles. Moving right along, Bill. Of course there to start with. Then corrected and swung back, not a yard out. It's halfway to the buoy. I better get them turned. Jordan, you getting your sea legs down there? All OK so far. You want me to keep on going? No. Pull up. Make a half turn right. Go ahead about four paces. Half turn right. Up, two, three. At four, half turn right again, head back to the barge. Now take it easy and round over any obstructions you hit. Back below the ladder, Sergeant. You want me to start up? You want a hurry to haul out? No. No, I'm getting to like it down here. If you'll drop me a spear, maybe I can get us a mess of crass. OK, OK. Get started up. Here, I've got him, Bill. There you are, Jordan. Elm it off and you can start drying away some of that sweat. Did I qualify? I didn't come up too fast or anything. You did all right, Jordan. I'm ready to ride with Mike Moran and say maybe you will be a diver before you throw. Hold it, Mac. Sure you did all right, Jordan. First dip you did fine. Well, thanks, Sergeant. For a minute there I knew I almost got all... But the Army doesn't send men underwater just to keep cool or catch up with the makings of a fish fry. Now we head back to the shops and you'll really start learning what it takes to make an Army diver. You mean welding and underwater repair and all that? Welding, jetting, handling the airsoil. Wait a minute, Bill. Won't it save time if we just say what we're not going to teach you? Mac, you've got a point.  You are listening to the proudly-behaved production Underwater Soldiers. We'll return in just a moment for the second act. The man who measures up will succeed anywhere. For a life of excitement and adventure join the United States Army. The Army is the proving ground, the place where the men and the boys part company, where you'll learn more about how to take care of yourself and how to lead others in a few short months than you could in a lifetime of civilian activity. In the Army, your opportunities for advancement and leadership are unlimited, but you've got to have what it takes. The man who measures up here will succeed anywhere. Can you measure up? If you think you can, then here's an opportunity for you to serve your country and build a man-sized career for yourself that will take you as far as you want to go. Visit your local U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force Recruiting Station now. You are listening to Proudly We Hail. Now we present the second act of Underwater Soldier. Sergeant Bill Gunther was laying it all a little when he told Carl Jordan the Fort Eustis Diving School candidates might have to learn nearly everything, but brain surgery and base fiddle playing, but not by much. Working often in blackness with only his groping hands to tell him what he's dealing with, an Army diver has to know the techniques of timber, steel and concrete construction, handling of pumps and suction devices, understand the interaction of currents and tides, be as ready to rebuild a dock as to blow up an underwater barrier on an in-going combat landing. But the Army gives these cracked troubleshooters an array of special tools matching the varied calls on their ingenuity. This is your water jet. It amounts to a weighted high-pressure water hose and you use it to clear out mud from a working area or from under anything where you want to get a cable or a chain into a rig of lift. Back in June, you saw it used to help free a submerged tank.  They gravel or grain or sand. You set your weighted intake down into the material you want to clear. Cutting, piling or any kind of timber underwater, you have this air saw. It's motor-driven and operates by compressed air. With hacksaw teeth, it'll cut through cable. On cable, where you need even faster action, we've got this power velocity cutter. It amounts to firing an expendable blade right through your cable. Tools for salvage and repair. Tools for destruction. In Korea, between the first and second occupations of the Port of Incheon by United Nations forces, United States Army divers serving with the 50th Engineer's Port Construction Company had the job of making the docks unusable by the enemy. And the more satisfying job of helping restore the port to top-operating efficiency when the forces of freedom came back to stay as they had done on scores of jobs from Luzon to Antwerp during and after World War II. At Fort Eustis, as the training schedule reached its final weeks, Carl Jordan and his classmates were moving deeper and deeper under the waters of the James River and the Bay, handling themselves and their varied tools with a rising confidence that comes with practical experience. All okay down there, Jordan? All okay, Sergeant. You're at 80 feet. Bring your guideline on the anchor chain and start a sweep search. When you find the pipe section we dropped, burn off a one foot length and bring it up. You got it? Sweep search till I hit the pipe.  Starting swing to left now, Sergeant. Carl Jordan did have the makings. 22 weeks after he started training at Fort Eustis, he was graduated from the school and awarded a second-class diver's badge, qualified to work at depths down to 150 feet. The following day, he heard even better news. Hey, Carl! Huh? Carl, wait up a second. Oh, what's up, Bill? You're in luck, soldier. The Chief's asked for you and operations here. Mike thinks I'm good enough to work here. Don't get too cocky. Tuck's been flagged down to the canal zone for a couple of months, and Mike thinks he can make out with you on temporary assignment. Getting the feel of that rivet drill, Jordan? I think so, Chief. At least I'm making a little better time than I was this morning. I've just been posting the new assignment schedule. You'll be an eight-hour standby call tomorrow and Friday. Uh, Mr. Moran. Yeah? I've been on dry salvage and repair here for nearly a month. Won't I ever get to go down on a real job with you or Mac? Yeah, look, Mac and I both think you're coming along fine. The day a diver first class asks you to go down more than 150 feet with him on an actual job, just remember he's making a pretty big bet on you. His life along with mine? Well, I'd work you below 200 or more if I had to. And we've got a pretty good safety record in this section, Carl. If it takes you four months more to make first, you'll still be beating par. By one of the unpredictable emergencies that keep Operations Chief Mike Moran's divers on around-the-clock call, Carl Jordan, not six weeks later, got more than the action he'd been asking for. Taken along as alternate second diver on what should have been a run-of-the-mill, shallow salvage operation in Florida, Carl learned on arrival of their plane at the Army base that this mission wasn't to be routine. Signal's off on the unloading. There was a call from Mike waiting here, and we've got to get the gear back on the plane. Mike went just back and used it, and we just got here. There's an emergency call from over below Jacksonville. The civilian diver trapped down at 240. Jordan, Keo, gear back on the plane. Let's go, guys. Mac, pilot checking now on an emergency script down below Jacksonville. It should let us set the plane down within a mile of an inlet. There we can pick up a boat. But come on, I'll tell you on the way. Army team, they said was coming out. Right. I'm Sergeant Gunther. This is Sergeant McMase and Corporal Jordan. You're Parrish, the one who radioed in? Yes, right. I thought maybe I could get through the Navy at Charleston, but they told me from Jacksonville, you guys were already in the area. Oh, thank the Lord for that. What kind of trouble is your partner in down under? Scousy? Yeah, I'm scared he's almost had it. I'm not sure what you can do. See, there's a big charter boat down there. We were trying to seal off the engine room and get some air into it for a drum lift. But the hull shifted with Scousy working inside, slipped off down 50 feet deeper, and clamped him in tight. Doesn't he have any tools, Caddy? No, no, his leg's broken and jammed under a casing that shifted when the hull rolled. The way his lines are now, you'll have to burn or cut in to get him loose.  I've got a trick heart. Doc just caught up with it a month ago, said if I ever try to work below 50 feet again, I could go out like a light. This was just supposed to be a survey Scousy was running today. I told him an hour ago I'd go down anyhow, but he said that'd be losing two for sure, instead of one for maybe, and he'd rather take his chances waiting for a rescue team. Okay, however you got there, it'll take two men to get him up. Mac, maybe you better take the oxy-arc torch and... Bill, you can't go down his first trip. I can't go. What do you mean, Carl?  One man job, Carl. Mac can't swing it alone. Let me go down with it. A 240-feet kid? I've been below 200, and I could have worked there. Now, wait a minute, Mac. Jordan's got a point. If there's trouble with both of us down, that leads him trying to get three men up from 240. I can have a try alone, Bill. You won't have to... No, no, I want you topside, Mac. You're going down alone, Bill? You just said yourself... I'm going down with Jordan. Get him locked up, Keo, and perish. If you've got a phone hook up down to Scalzi... Bill, getting cold feet, Carl? No, I... I just wanted to say thanks. You're the one who's taking the chance. Get locking, soldier. We've got a job on. Is this your phone, Parish? That's it, Sergeant. Scalzi. Scalzi. Yeah. Who's that? Sergeant Gunther, Army Diving Section. You still okay down there except for the legs? That's called a medium, Sergeant. But if ever I was glad to hear... Two of us are coming down for you. Can you give us a setup? I don't know how you get at me. The way the boat's keeled over, you'll have to cut through three inch holes. You're down over 230, Bill. All okay? Okay, Mac. We've been guiding on Scalzi's line. Wait a minute. I'm on bottom. Thick growth, but hard under. Cut over to Jordan and see if he's down. Jordan? Jordan, you on bottom yet? Just touch, Mac. Okay. Okay. Mac up against the hull. I can't see Bill. A hull there and he'll work in by you. You're still left of Scalzi's line? Check. Bill, Jordan's in at the hull, still guiding on Scalzi's line from left. All right. Tell him I'm going in on the right, and I'll make hand contact. Jordan, as you are, till Bill makes hand contact. And keep watching your line. Jordan. Jordan. We cut through to Scalzi, Mac, and he's still okay. Bill told me. Now I want to know if you can lever up that casing or whether it is that's holding Scalzi's leg. I got a jack under it now. A jack? It didn't take down a jack. No, I found one here. Plain old car hand jack. And it works. At 2.40, you've been scrounging around for a jack? Okay, kid, okay. Get lifting. Bill, pull him out if you can work the casing up. Here's the inlet ahead, Bill. Ten minutes more in. How's the leg, Scalzi? No splint spot on you any? Don't worry about the leg, Sergeant. It's more than I ever thought I'd have. Well, you can thank Diver for his class Jordan here for that, Scalzi. We'd had to take time to try burning that casing. Diver first class? Bill, you can't qualify me just for getting lucky on this one job. In the book, it says I got... Mike Moran can qualify you whenever you're ready. When he hears how you promoted that car jack down inside there at 2.40, well, I've got five to one. It says you're in. Ten to one, Bill. I'll give you the two biggest short dinners you ever tucked away. Now, wait a minute, wait a minute, you army guys. After what you did today... Hey, Scalzi, take it easy now, will you? You twist that leg around. Look, the soldiers asked me how to twist it off and give it to them for salvage. If anybody's buying short dinners for the army, Sergeant, I'm putting them to pick up the check. All share freedom. Help share its defense. Join the army team. Now, as always, the United States Army is dedicated to the defense of freedom. Your freedom. You can do something about it. The time for decision, for action is now. The need for trained technicians in every field is urgent. And you can be trained in the most advanced techniques using the world's finest equipment. Visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station for full details. Remember, we all share freedom. Help share its defense. Join the army team. This has been another program on Proudly We Hail, presented transcribed in cooperation with the station. Proudly We Hail is produced by the Recruiting Publicity Center for the United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Service. This is Kenneth Banghart speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on Proudly We Hail.


Lead poisoning still occurs in the United States despite extensive prevention efforts and strict regulations. Ayurvedic supplements, for example, specifically marketed to pregnant women, exceeded safety levels by up to 4 million percent, making Ayurvedic medicine use and lead poisoning a continued concern in the United States. Heavy metals are intentionally added to the supplements, but don't worry, Ayurvedic practitioners claim. The lead has been detoxified with CalP. Calcium supplements can be an additional source of lead contamination, something we've known for about a half a century now. Calcium supplements made from bone may have the highest lead levels, but just regular calcium supplements were found contaminated, too, including a number of big national brands. Diet-wise, the greatest contributor to lead intake of children and their parents may be dairy, but the most concentrated source may be wild game shot with lead-containing ammunition. Concerns have been raised by hunters, though, that lead-free bullets wouldn't have the same wounding capacity, but CT scans of kills show just as much damage is inflicted, demonstrating that lead-free bullets have equivalent killing effectiveness, even against ballistic soap, which evidently has a similar density to vital organs. Workers in like battery plants can be exposed to a lot of lead, but the number one non-occupational lead exposure is shooting firearms, not eating lead-laden meat, just target practice in indoor firing ranges. 75% of target shooters have elevated lead levels in their blood. Even outside, airborne lead released by the friction of the bullet against the barrel or lead-containing primers can lead to substantial lead exposure, both in the people and in local wildlife, as well as the soil, with lead levels higher than that found next to an industrial lead factory. Most lead in urban soil, though, is from the decades of lead paint and leaded gasoline, raising concerns about urban gardens. Most of the lead doesn't get taken up by the plants, though, but can stick to the leaves and roots. This is bad news, and then even crops from raised beds using clean soil may get contaminated in an urban environment, but the good news is that the lead can presumably just be washed off. The health benefits of gardening and fresh produce would likely more than compensate for the risk at most sites. Eggs from backyard chickens, however, should be tested for lead, since the lead gets inside the egg and so can't be washed off. Most of the lead ends up in the bird's skeleton, though, which raises the question, what happens when you try to make chicken soup? There may be an upswing in people boiling bones, due to encouragement from paleo diet advocates. The problem is that lead is a neurotoxin, and not just a neurotoxin, it adversely affects the bone marrow and digestive tract and kidneys and circulatory system and hormones and reproduction. Symptoms of too much lead exposure include impaired cognition, anemia, abdominal pain, kidney problems, high blood pressure, miscarriages, memory problems, constipation, impotence, depression, poor concentration, etc. And we know from human studies that lead is sequestered in the bones. When there's a lot of lead turnover like at menopause or during pregnancy, lead levels in the blood can go up. This bump can be minimized during pregnancy by getting enough calcium and lowering sodium intake. When astronauts lose bone in space, the lead is released into their bloodstream, but ironically, since they're no longer exposed to all the lead on earth, their overall lead levels may go down. Bones are so good at sucking up lead, they can be sprinkled on firing ranges to prevent lead from leaching further into the environment. So these researchers were concerned that the boiling of farm animal bones might release lead into the broth. So they made three types of organic chicken broth, one with the bones, one with just the meat, and one with the skin and cartilage. All the soups exceeded the maximum allowable dose level for lead, even the boneless. Surprisingly, the skin and cartilage was the worst, exceeding the safety level per one cup serving by like 475%.


And a very very warm welcome to Sunny Leone who's joined us over here today and made this conference even more special Thank you ladies and gentlemen a huge round of applause to her. Thank you so much Sunny we're gonna you know since you're here and you know you you're doing so much work You're doing so much work as an actress you're doing so much work as a Entrepreneur which role is it that you're really liking and you know how do you how do you sort of balance both these So much to do for you at the end of the day. I think the most fulfilling thing would be Creating something new being an entrepreneur my husband and I have been working so hard for so long and I'm sure there's many people here who will agree with me when you see this Small something whether it's a product or a brand or an idea or a thought or a dream And you watch it from the ground up grow. I it is the best I just got goosebumps. It is the best feeling to watch something You know that is a dream or or an idea and all of a sudden it's in your hands now So that's the most fulfilling See you know you're a global star you you've you've lived in Canada most of your life And then you move to India So as a celebrity as a star what was it that prompted you to sort of come to India? And then of course to come into Bollywood, which is very very competitive by its own self and also then to be an entrepreneur So what what prompted you to be? to your shift from Canada to India my shift from the US to here Was Not something that I planned wasn't something that I said hey, let's go to India tomorrow and work That wasn't you know the plan in my head But my husband was talking to colors, which is big boss and That's you know how it happened. I said yes to the show and the rest is history and now I'm here and then here for a very long time now and The entrepreneur part I was the little kid that went door-to-door selling things to people so my first business was shoveling snow and Making lemonade for I think the most I ever made shoveling snow was three dollars It was a great day because that meant 300 pieces of candy it was very young and So Lemonade is another thing that you know as a child that you know it's great to own your own lemonade stand So now you're today over here at the labels conference and the license in their show and you're launching the infamous line of cosmetics also you're Doing the boys fashion We're lying and you're a fashion diva yourself. So what does really fashion mean to you to you? What does it imply and you know, how does it don't make a woman more beautiful? Sure, I'm just gonna correct the names of the products are the brands The first one is starstruck, which is a cosmetic line that my husband I launched last year and it's doing thank God Very well, and we're very happy women are happy Wearing my product. It's something that again that I worked really hard on I tested the products myself for over the last I can't even tell you for how long it's a little obsessive to make sure that it's perfect and The inner wearer lingerie is something that we're gonna launch next and it'll be called infamous Lingerie by Sunny Leone. So I'm excited about that. That's something that is new and exciting and you know the next step sure You know so ladies and gentlemen for some of you who don't know out here she is the most Google star celebrity in the world and When you have that kind of global following and when you have that kind of fandom Not just in India, but outside India as well You have a huge responsibility that comes with it You know they always look up to you and expects you to do something or everything Which is probably going to make them happy, but at the same time They it puts a serious amount of responsibility on you So whenever you take a brand or you take any kind of endorsement, how do you sort of balance this? You know, how do you balance your fandom to say that while it has to be commercially manageable? But it also has to be responsible to my fans If it's a brand that I don't own and that I'm endorsing it just for me It has to be something that I like or I would use or that is not going to cause harm bodily harm to anyone Physically and then also emotionally. You don't hurt anybody. So that's pretty simple to say yes or no to Both, you know, everybody in my team. We all agree that certain products are no-nose and we don't endorse those at all as far as Products that we've created and things that we're we're working on It's all about passion. I think everybody here who's in business understands that just as much as I do That if you have a passion for something and you love doing something then I mean You're gonna work hard because you love it. You're going to push it more You're gonna push it out there more than the next person who has the same item that you do But there's no heart. So Everything that we're working on is something that I believe in my husband believes in or my team Sure. So do you I mean the the products that you support their environment friendly? My cosmetic line absolutely no animals were hurt while making Starstruck You know, we love to know the more personal side of you you're a mother You also do a lot of other charitable ventures to tell us a little more about yourself.  But as a person and on your personal side, what is it that you like to do and what is it that you well this morning? I launched a art school slash learning center slash library That's something my Daniel and I who if you didn't know his name my husband I've been working on for a while now and We had a our daughter has a passion for art and being creative and So then we decided we should open up an art school So that's what I was doing this morning and I was using my magical job Okay, and I was getting everybody in line this morning Making sure everything was perfect Being a mom is definitely for mothers out there and even fathers who are extremely active with their children It's very difficult to keep children busy. How are you going to keep them busy? You put them in one place where they can learn they can play and they can also be creative So how did the art school idea really come up for you? I mean it came through our daughter, Nisha who we adopted almost two years ago and she has a real passion for Painting and arts and crafts. I mean if you walked into this little child's room from floor to ceiling is all her Artwork that she has worked on or made and then I have drawers Her artwork as well. So really the I the idea is simply her passion towards the arts You know, how do you feel about Indian women, you know What is your message to them that if they were to be financially independent? How do they sort of what what do they need to do? How do they find the power in themselves because Indian women have typically been very Home-bred and you know, they love to be in their homes, but it's important for a woman to be financially independent I think that's absolutely changing Right now. I meet so many different women out there and young girls and different millennials who are aspiring to be Something that they you know dream up or Women out there who work extremely hard. So I think that that's absolutely changing and it's probably about About time we say that a woman's not oppressed anymore. She's working towards, you know her own Freedom as a woman whether it's working or being a stay-at-home mom I know I have a lot of respect to those women who stay home and take care of their children It's not easy. Can I just say that I'll say it again It is not easy keeping children entertained all day and keeping them safe and feeding them and giving them baths and changing Their diapers and doing those one million things that you have to do. So those stay-at-home moms, even though they're not Let's say working in an office. They are definitely working extremely hard at home sure Sunny my question to you is that ten years down the line. What do you see yourself doing? You have such a huge celebrity status today and For women particularly we've always known in Bollywood that you know once you sort of cross a certain age threshold You have to be finding your own Essence your own power to be able to continue that celebrity status. So ten years down. How do you see yourself? What do you see yourself doing? How do you want to or what other areas of business or activities do you want to see yourself doing? Well, I hope I'm still doing exactly what I'm doing today is talking in front of amazing people who understand business and understand brand values and Want to work towards making great products? That's where I see myself. Yes being on screen does end at some point I have no idea when that's going to happen. It's usually when everything goes south here so The plan is to just work through these ideas and these Creative thoughts that I have or my husband has or as a team collectively that we think okay This is missing in the market or this is something that I we can tap into and we know that People will respond well You know makeup is easy for me Creating fragrances was easy for me this school is absolutely amazing wasn't easy, but It's been so much fun when the doors open and you see children and they come in and they're playing and it's amazing And the next is you know lingerie underwear. Why does Innerwear or lingerie have to be this big secret. Why can't it be this commercial idea that let's say a Victoria's Secret has created? No one here will say the word Victoria's Secret and go. Oh Yeah, what are you doing? Yeah, don't say any body my body hi hi No, it's why do we have to say that? Oh, no, no, no, I am not vote storming Man, age are you? You can say a sick up there So these silly thoughts I think should and it shouldn't be something that We should hide to do is women I think we should be able to do that and say okay husband or boyfriend or friend. I know this is boring I'll meet you in 20 minutes. I'm going to go buy myself some really nice lingerie or innerwear or Loungewear, whatever it is and be able to do that without feeling scrutinized. So that's something I'm very excited about So near since morning We've actually been talking about a lot of different form of content that is being produced today and with OTT and digital platforms There is a whole new opportunity that has opened up for content production. Do you see yourself? Doing something similar maybe a series on a Netflix or an Amazon Prime And do you see an opportunity for lots of other stars to be able to sort of maximize their time? in I would say in prime time entertainment through them I think that anything digital is something that It's it's here. It's not happening or it's not just beginning. It's here in India There was a time where you know, I would hear oh, I don't know about digital or oh I don't know about being on social media or I don't know about this type of content whether I should produce it or You know be a part of it and it's going only out to the digital world This is the time if you're not on that train you're gonna miss it and I think that a lot of different celebrities out there or artists out there that aren't Using this to the full capacity. I mean, they're just saying bye-bye corrors of money. What's wrong with them? So I think that it's it's something that an artist or someone who wants to express themselves Should definitely tap into this market if they haven't already I know as a team and as our entire company, you know digital is our base this is you know, this where a lot of you know, my viewerships come from or a lot of our sales through Starstruck and last which is a fragrance line and Starstruck as well, you know, a lot of these things are sold online And it does absolutely amazing.  I mean in America. They don't even have cash-on delivery.  And you know, I think I think they should use it sure and See, do you see yourself also producing something or these series in the coming times you You could be I mean you already are a producer and do you see yourself doing something similar? as far as Television series or digital series. I'm not too sure about film. I do have something in the pipeline We'll see how it goes whether it gets sold digitally first or whether it gets sold to be in theaters first Well, we can all we'll decide that later But it's but it's in the pipeline stories done production is you know It's on pace This is the personal question and we all go through different moments in life You've seen a lot of successes, but I'm sure you've also seen a lot of failures. So what what what did what learnings? Did they give you what was it that you sort of learned from them and it made you stronger as you went along? so since I've Come to India. It's a lot of people that you know wish that I wasn't here or a set that I'm not here or We don't see eye-to-eye on our opinions of life And it's those people that try and tear you down or it's those people that file the most weird like stories and you know make make up really weird crazy stories and There are been some moments that have been not so fun but through those we were able to grow a team that is Extremely strong and resilient and be able to work on the fly when things don't go so well or People are making up lies and how are we going to combat? Some of these things a lot of nonsense. We don't address serious nonsense. You know you have to But There's nothing that you can do about it.  I need to go home then they win They win. I don't I go home. I'm the loser I'm the one that has to then suffer. They don't suffer. They just find their next target. So That's not an option for me and that's not an option for my team. That's not an option for my husband That's not an option at all to quit or say this is not working or Say, okay, fine.  They don't really die that easily. You can smash them. You can cut them in half Nothing happens. They just keep going. So Maybe we should learn something from them and keep going That's a big part and indeed the right one too. So, you know finally we're gonna ask you You're you're one of the most followed stars on social media So what is this something you can teach us all about how to manage a good So your selfie game going I don't know You know everybody uses social media for different reasons I don't Like my real name is cut and jeep cut and jeep who's at home Who's making a look at piranha for my children and who has throw up on half my body? Or other weird things is not what you know people see it's not what they see on social media so what is shown on social media is a brand is Something that we're pushing forward To create and make bigger So there's definitely a difference know the difference between the brand and a person if you're a person on social media Just promoting yourself then hey go for it selfies tick-tock, you know, I know everybody's here Everybody here has done their funny tick-tock videos But as a brand have you done it. Oh, yes Many times But I think as a brand you just have to keep pushing You know your products out there and be relentless. It might be annoying, but you know, it's a numbers game So a lot of people who will agree with me that it's a numbers game You just got to get a certain amount of people to look at your product and press that button So a final word to all our audience and to all everybody out there who is young and vibrant and wanting to make it as an entrepreneur My only final words is follow your passions stick with it and Don't give up Because if you want to launch something you want to create something, you know, you have something different or amazing Then there's no room for Quitting there's no room for slowing down. There's no room to not hustle I know there's a lot of young people out there Let's say, oh, hey, my dad by a business man. I'm going to go. Oh, okay But that doesn't work anymore the child needs to work the you know the young adult needs to go after everything that the father or the mother had went after and If they don't then it just falls wayside So if you're a young person out there that wants to achieve some achieve something like, you know, I don't know Let's say Nike has Nike didn't get there from you know sitting on their couch wishing their father would tell them what to do or their mother would Tell them what to do they went out they hustled they worked they persevered They worked 24 hours a day and if you want it, you got to go out and get it Thank you very much, honey


Okay. Can someone close the door, actually? Thank you. So welcome, everyone, to how to teach Python to kids. I had a little bit of a different idea of what this talk was going to be before I got here today, and realized that there are quite a few CSN classes on the schedule this weekend. So there are, it turns out, a lot of different ways to teach Python to kids. My talk really is going to focus on community-driven, community-based, volunteer classes. I'm here really to convince you that any Python programmer who's interested in passing their knowledge on to younger students can do this. And I really do mean any Python programmer. Teaching experience is a nice thing to have, but it's really not required. If you're here, you probably already have some idea of why you should teach. Coding is today's literacy, and although it's beginning to change, still too many students are not really being exposed to it in public schools. As Python developers, we have a really unique opportunity to share our skills in our local communities and give kids an experience that can make a huge impact on their lives. Oh, sorry, let me back up a little bit. I wonder if you remember that sense of wonder that you felt the first time that you realized what you could do with code. You could really help someone discover that same sense of excitement and start them down the path towards a lifetime of exploration. I'm going to spend a little bit of time talking about the what. That's the things that you need to set up a class like hardware, you need a venue, probably the most important thing you need is financing. That's really not as hard as it sounds. But what I want to spend the most time is in telling you how and convincing the teaching kids is actually a lot easier than you think. All you really need are the desire and a little bit of Python experience. So why should you listen to me? I've been involved in the Python community for about a decade now. But I actually began my professional life as a school teacher. I was a first grade teacher at Miss Barbara for about two years. At that point I was pretty young and it was really only added for a few years before I realized that I would never be able to move out of my parents' house on that salary, sadly. So I made a change. The TLDRs that I've been a successful developer for a little over 15 years now. But I didn't know how much I missed working with kids until I got a chance to come back to it a few years ago. In 2013, Python, sorry, Picon North America organizers came up with this wonderful idea for a new program called Young Coders. So that year I flew into San Jose with this curriculum in hand. It was something that I had kind of pieced together at the last minute from other curriculum that I had worked with. And along with Katie Cunningham, who was also here this weekend, she's keynoting tomorrow afternoon. In fact, there she is. And a team of very enthusiastic volunteers, we taught our first one-day intro to Python for kids, and it was a huge success. So since then I've been really lucky. I've been able to teach both kids and adults through organizations like Pie Ladies and Django Girls. Teaching has become sort of a dual passion for me along with programming. And also in the years since, Python classes for kids have sprung up all over. You see them at regional conferences. I'm a little surprised Pie Gotham doesn't have one. We're going to have to change that next year. And, you know, after school clubs and local classes, people are teaching more than ever, and it's really exciting to see. And young coders at Python has continued to grow every year. For the two years that Python was in Montreal, we actually had the curriculum translated into French, and a couple of local developers from the community up there taught it to school kids. And then a few months ago in Portland, we introduced a new intermediate class to go along with the original beginner class, and that was a huge success. Kids did their first real scripting. We had them working with APIs for the first time, built their first websites using Python anywhere. It was really, really exciting for everyone involved. But as glad as I am for having a teaching background, it's really my programming background that's made all of this possible. At least for me. You know, claiming responsibility for all of this teaching. Any of you out there could do it just as well. I think you just need a few pointers to get started. You know, and I want to keep that momentum going. I want to keep young coders growing beyond just a couple of classes at conferences every year. And I want to do that by convincing all of you to organize and teach classes in your own local communities. So what do you need to organize a class?  So a short-term learning experience. Not the kind of long-term experience you would expect in a public school classroom. I'm just going to skim over this list really briefly. But at the end, I'm going to be giving you a resource that has much more complete descriptions of all of these things. First thing you need, of course, is a venue. You need something that's set up like a classroom space. So desks, you know, a room like this would be fine. If you've got, if you work for an employer that has a large community room or conference room, that kind of space is perfect. You need sponsors that, you know, can be the hardest thing to do, but you need money to put out a class like this. I will tell you this though. The PSF is great about sponsoring classes like this. In fact, if you're around at the end of the day today, Eva is going to give a keynote that's going to talk a little bit about the amount of money that the PSF spends every year for financing these kinds of classes. It could be really useful. Volunteers, you need some teaching assistants to kind of help out during the class and help manage the pace of the class, answer questions for kids. A local meetup group is usually a really good resource for finding those people. You need some way to manage sign-ups. Eventbrite, Meetup, Google Forms, all of those are really good sources. You need workstations. We'll talk about that in just a minute. I'm going to move on. Books are a great, nice to have for the kids. One thing that is absolutely not just a nice to have. If you're going to have kids in the classroom all day, of course, you have to feed them, and that's another big expense that you have to account for. So, we have workstations. When we teach young coders, we use raspberry pies. Now, how you decide to set up your classroom is going to depend on a lot of different factors, but the one thing I want to recommend strongly is that you also use raspberry pies, and there are two important reasons why. One is consistency. With a class full of kids, it's going to be a whole lot easier on you if you're having every student working in the same environment. You don't want to spend a lot of time with installation or debugging issues that are unique to a particular operating system. If you've ever taught in adult beginner class, you certainly know people bring in, you know, Windows laptops, Linux laptops, everyone's got a different operating system, everyone's got different problems. Installs can really take up a lot of time, so you don't want that. The other thing that's really important is reinforcement. You want your students to have a programming environment that belongs to them, something that they can take home at the end of the day and go there so that they can keep going when they leave your classroom. There are some maybe less important reasons, some things that I really enjoy about teaching on raspberry pies. Their operating system comes with a lot of software that's already installed. You get idle for free, and if you've never worked with it, idle is like a, it's a Python interpreter. It just has a few extra bells and whistles that make learning a little easier. And they also come with Pygame. In the first few years of young coders, the last part of the class, having the kids open up games and just edit constants to do things like changing background colors or changing the size of their avatars to kind of see what effect they could have on the game. And the newer raspberry pies come with MCPI, which is a library that you can use to interact with Minecraft. So as you might imagine, that is hugely popular with kids. So all of this means that you're going to be purchasing a lot of raspberry pies, but they're actually very affordable. And peripherals like keyboards and monitors can usually be rented for a very low cost. And, you know, as I said, I'm going to give you some resources to help you figure out the financing and how to pay for all this stuff. And of course, you're going to want some students. I would recommend enrolling students at around 12 and older, maybe 11. The age cutoff is usually a point of contention for young coders' classes.  Parents want to get their kids into coding classes early and for good reason. But sometimes it can be hard to tell if the kids are ready. So here's the thing. Kids develop new cognitive skills as they grow. Even beginner Python requires some abstract thinking. And among childhood development researchers, it's generally believed that the ability to think in the abstract emerges at around age 12. Sometimes before, sometimes after. It really depends on the child's life experiences a little bit. There are other factors involved, but usually 12 is the age. Personally, I think that researchers' views on that are going to begin to change as we see more kids getting into computing at earlier ages. I think it's very possible. But for now, 12 is what we usually agree on. And so when we do young coders' classes, that's where we establish the cutoff. I mean, you can put an eight or a 10-year-old in a CS classroom, and they may be able to mimic what you're typing. But whether or not they're actually comprehending it is not as certain, and it's something really important to keep in mind. For those kids who are younger and who are still in what we call a concrete thinking phase, visual learning environments like scratch, turtle, hopscotch are all really terrific alternatives. Oh, you know what I wanted to mention? Earlier today, there was a talk, Meg Ray and her poster photos gave a really, really terrific talk about developing curriculum for traditional classrooms. And they spent a lot of time talking about the stages of childhood development that will make that make a whole lot more sense. So they also had some really terrific ideas for developing your own curriculum if you're interested in doing that. So if you have a chance, when the videos come out, go and find that one. I don't remember the actual title of the talk, but yeah, just look for Meg Ray, look for that name. It's on the schedule, I think it was just two hours ago. Oh, and well, where do you find these kids? I think that you're going to be really tempted to go and fill your classes with kids who are the children of other programmers that you know in your local community. But I would implore you to consider doing something different. And if you remember nothing else from this talk, remember this part. This is what I consider to be the most important thing. You have, if you have Python skills, you have a really unique opportunity to impact kids who might not otherwise get much exposure to computing. So try reaching out to organizations like the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, big brothers and big sisters. I think those two organizations are in almost every major city in America. You can find kids who wouldn't necessarily get exposure to computing otherwise. I live in Austin, and there we have a group called Girl Start that's like an after-school slash summer camp program for girls who want to focus on STEM skills. So, you know, Google around and look for something like that. Your town probably has something similar. So when you're looking for kids to enroll in this class, focus on diversity, focus on kids from different economic backgrounds, different ethnic backgrounds. It might take a bit of Googling and going a little bit beyond what you're familiar with to find these organizations to work with, but it'll be worth it. In the end, you could really open up some new doors for some of your students. That's the hard stuff. What are the soft skills that you need to teach kids? Again, you know, keep in mind that we're talking about a short-term teaching experience, a one-day class. So what you really need to be comfortable with are just a couple of things. You should be, you know, fairly comfortable, fairly at ease at illustrating simple Python concepts. For example, when we introduce variables in the beginner class, we talk about, you know, we describe them as bowls, maybe. A bowl is something that can contain all kinds of different objects. You can put something in. You can take it back out again. You can put a new thing into the bowl. You know, those kind of visual demonstrations are really good for young kids. Or visual descriptions, rather.  Just be clear.  They'll get it. They'll really impress you, actually. You know, but that said, do keep your examples relevant. The first year that we taught young coders. As I said, I brought this curriculum in. It was kind of patched together from some materials that I'd used teaching an adult beginner class in Portland. So I had this slide. I had the kids looking at a list of Beatles names. And I mean, like, the Beatles, John Paul, George Ringo. And I wanted them to use it into X to choose their favorite musician. Of course, I was greeted by blank stairs. And 12 year olds do not know who the Beatles are. Some of you probably have no idea or don't really particularly care. So I went back to the hotel room that night and changed that to a list of colors. And that's what we've used ever since. We just have the kids select their favorite color. Works great. So when it comes to teaching materials, you are always free to use the young coders curriculum. It's been open source since day one. The materials that we use at Python, like I say, they were originally cobbled together from a lot of different sources, but they've been patched and refined and tried and tested over the years. And we know that they work. They're filled with lots of little little wins, little aha moments to keep the kids engaged. There's lots of gradual skill building. And if you go and take a look at the repository, you'll see that they are formatted like a presentation. In fact, there's a keynote file. So I used keynote to develop them originally. It's a slide deck with very extensive speaker notes that you can use if you find yourself needing a hand. We've taken these speaker notes and given them to people who've never taught before and had them use them as a script. And it worked beautifully. We usually, you know, project these slides from a computer that also has idle installs so that we can alternate between the slides and demonstrating coding tasks. So there's a little bit of live coding, a simple mathematical expression. It's not anything that you need to be worried about. You'll find those slides along with some really detailed classroom setup notes in the repository up here. The latest version is in a folder labeled 2016. And that version has been updated for Python 3. As recently as 2015, we were still using Python 2 to teach the kids. So that's also available if you're interested. Just look under the 2015 folder. Of course, if you want to write your own curriculum, that is just as viable. There are lots of books and websites to draw inspiration from. Oh, gosh. Let's speed it up here. Just, you know, remember a few things. Make a cumulative. Start small with simple ideas and build up gradually. Make sure it's age-appropriate. And by that, I just mean, you know, don't repeat my Beatles mistake. Maybe don't use any pop culture references. Keep your variable names short. This is a lesson that I learned the first year. 12-year-olds are not the fastest typists, so don't use variable names that are 20 characters long. And be judicious about adding gaming content. And this is, you know, something that may be a little bit controversial. There's this common misconception that kids come to programming classes wanting only to make games.  They're interested in games, to some extent, but that's not the only thing that they want. They're interested in computer science teachers association. And they work in the public schools in Austin. And one thing that I hear from them repeatedly is that they can't get girls from AP Math and Science to enroll in AP computer classes. And the reason is that the girls think that it's only going to be about making games. And they're usually right. And they want more variety. And that's also been my experience with the classes that I've taught. You know, kids want game content, but they're interested in other things, too. So, you know, do what you can to show them that you can do more with Python than just making games. All right. So, go time. Day of the class. You're standing at the front. How do you talk to the kids? It will not be like this, I promise. Kids are really nothing to be afraid of, especially in this context. You know, a class like this will not come with some of the same challenges that you might have had if you've ever been in a primary school class. And kids are very familiar with basic classroom performance. They know how to behave. They know what's expected of them. And your students are going to be there because they want to be, not because it's compulsory. So, they're going to be really eager to learn this stuff. They'll soak it all up, I promise. They'll maybe not be model students, but they're really going to be eager and paying a lot of attention to you. Oh, by the way, this is a scene where you ask me how I know. I'm secretly, maybe not secretly a big Dolph Langer fan. Anyway. So, what you do want to do is be collaborative. Don't just read code samples that the students interact with them. Ask questions, even if it's just asking them to guess what the results of an expression might be. Engage with them directly. They'll surprise you with some really intelligent questions and they might even teach you a few things. They're going to be excited to be there, but they can also lose focus if you aren't mindful of the pace of the class. This is another thing that you want to have teaching assistants for. Make sure that your volunteers are circulating and answering questions and keeping everyone on track and keeping them on the same pace. Be aware of when students are getting restless. Listen to the noise level in the room. If it's rising, it's probably time to move on to the next topic. Plan frequent rest breaks and set aside some playtime at the end of the day for students to play around and explore the skills that they're learning. Don't sweat the small details. In a class like this, in a one-day class there's really only so much that you can teach and kids are going to need time beyond the classroom to work with and absorb all of these new concepts of learning. Keep your mind on the big picture. You're teaching kids how to communicate with their computers and that can be really mind-blowing to someone who's never done the programming before. Your students are not going to walk away with the thorough knowledge of Python and that's fine. That really shouldn't be your goal. What you are doing is planting a seed that is going to show kids how possible programming is and it's going to motivate them to want to go home and learn more. All right. I got a little more. One more minute. This is the site that I mentioned earlier where you're going to find all of that information and descriptions of all of the things that you need to organize and teach a class. If you go to the site and navigate to the teaching section you're going to find details about all of those physical resources. There's a page about how to get sponsorship money. Again, I want to point out that the PSF is terrific about this. They have lots of detail information on their website on python.org about how to apply for grants to teach these classes. You're going to find information about where to find kids. It's a new site just launched a few days ago but it's got lots of teaching and organizing resources along with an online version of the official young coders curriculum written in a sort of a tutorial format. I wrote this talk actually as I was also writing content for the site so if you read it and it sounds a little familiar that's why. I am currently looking for someone to help me port the tutorial to a Jupiter notebook if anyone is just coming out with that. There are going to be lots of additional resources coming up in the next few months. I don't know if any of you are familiar with the Django Girls model. They have a ton of organizing tools, checklists, just all kinds of things to help people in their local towns and communities organize classes. And that's the kind of thing that we're going to be building out to help people organize their own kids' classes. So if you're curious about something that you don't see up there just ping me and I will do my best to get you an answer. These slides are actually not up online yet. They probably will not be up until tonight just because I didn't get a chance to put them up before the talk. But you know, follow me. My Twitter handle is B-Sharat. As soon as I get them up, I will post them. And that's it. I think we have information questions. If anyone has questions, please turn on your mic first and make sure to turn it off afterwards. There's a little silver button in front of the microphone. And if you're at the wall, just be loud. Thanks. I'm just curious real quick. I'm sure there's information on the website and on your GitHub, but do you have some go-to suggestions for, let's say, at the end of the one-day teaching, students are interested in doing more on their own. Do you have some go-to websites that you think are friendly for that age group around 12 years old? I do. And you know, I apologize because I don't remember the names off the top of my head, but that information is on the website. If you go into the teaching section, there are a couple of pages to talk about. Like, you know, learn Python the hard way, for example. That's maybe not the most appropriate for kids, but it's perfectly fine for a beginner. There are quite a few other resources like that. I just don't have them off the top of my head for now, but you'll certainly find them there. Yes. Oh, you're welcome. Yes. You know, that is a really... That's a really good question. You know, we found that, or at least I've seen that early on, you know, kids, they really have a deep understanding of what a variable means. They think that it is a fixed thing, that it is a fixed value. You know, if a variable is named this, then it must always be named this. So what we've tried to do is make sure that they're... We use the my something convention. Do you like, you know, camel casing or, you know, do my name, my thing, my object, whatever, to make it clear that a variable name is not fixed. It can be anything at all. Just keep the word short. You know, use a whole word, but keep it under maybe five or six characters if you can. It's, you know, it's not an exact science, unfortunately. I'm going to go get dinner.


It was called the greatest mobilization of men and resources ever undertaken for a peaceful project of science and exploration. On the morning of July 16, 1969, the collective work of 400,000 people, 24 billion dollars of investment, the hopes of a nation, and the lives of three men, sat in a tiny spacecraft to top 6 million pounds of rocket at Kennedy Space Center. Four days later, a quarter million miles away, humans stepped onto the surface of the moon for the first time. A remarkable achievement, and far from accidental. A combination of imagination, political will, and personal courage played tremendous roles in the success of the Apollo Space Program. But without space systems engineering bringing everything together, Apollo 11 would have never even gotten off the ground.


Rational design of multi-targeted drug combinations is a promising strategy to tackle the drug resistance problem for many complex disorders. A drug combination is usually classified as either synergistic or antagonistic, depending on whether the observed combination response deviates from the expected effect calculated based on a reference model of non-interaction. Existing reference models were developed for low-throughput drug combination experiments, making them incompatible with the complex drug interactions observed in large-scale dose response matrix experiments. To address this limitation, we proposed a new reference model called zero-interaction potency, ZIP. This model captures the drug interaction relationships by comparing the change in potency of the dose response curve between individual drugs and their combinations. We used a delta score to measure the deviation from the expectation of no interaction and proved that a delta score of zero indicates both probabilistic independence and dose additivity. We then applied this model to a large-scale anti-cancer drug combination experiment, demonstrating its ability to capture the experimentally confirmed drug synergy while maintaining a low false positive rate. Additionally, we proposed using an interaction landscape over the entire dose response matrix to identify and quantify synarch. This article was authored by Bug von Yadav, Krzysztof Wennerberg, Taro Adokalio, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Okay. So our next speaker is David Lampater from the Verge Genomics. The title for his talk is a genome-wide association between transcriptor factor expression and the Crompton accessibility reviews Crompton state regulators. Yeah. Hi, everybody. So I'm going to present this work that I did in Switzerland at the University of Lausanne. So basically what it's about. The ENCOLE project sort of showed that DHS regions really nicely delineate where transcription factors bind, right? But what is not quite clear is how is this transition happening from closed chromatin to open chromatin. So what is, for certain transcription factors, it could be that it's cause or consequence whether they bind or not. So one aspect of this that has been studied is pioneer factors. Basically these are transcription factors that bind closed chromatin and then have the ability to open it up to some degree and let other factors bind. And you can ask the same question in the other direction basically, which factors are responsible for stability. So how would you study this with the ENCOLE data that's out there? So the basic idea is that if a factor has the ability to open up chromatin, then increasing the levels of this factor should open up chromatin in the regions where there's transcription factor binding sites for this factor, right? So first what you want to have is a motive accessibility score. So you collect all the motives of a certain transcription factor in the genome. You check the enrichment for this motive in the open chromatin section of the various cell lines. And I can see like in this example like cell line three has heavy enrichment for this motive in the DHS regions, cell line two has very little. And now you compare this to the expression across different genes, right? So you can do an association study for expression across the genes and compare this to the motive accessibility scores. And what you would hope is that if a factor is responsible for the transition between open and closed, for example, if it's a pioneer factor, then the association should be strong and you should see for the annotated transcription factor, it should see a strong signal. So the data that was used is the ENCOLE expression data for 109 cell lines and the corresponding DHS data and the library of motives. And now there's a hiccup basically as you can imagine because these data are collected on the same cell lines and these cell lines are related to each other, you have heavy confounding as you can see. Like if you look at the matrix of correlation matrix of the motive accessibility scores and compared to the expression data, you can appreciate that it has a similar correlation structure. And so you have to control for this. And the strategy that was used was a mixed model approach. So basically what you do is you allow the noise term to have a similar shape as the covariance matrix, the covariance matrix of the expression matrix. And so show how this looks like on an example. So this is transcription factor EBF1. So if you do this kind of regression approach across all the genes and you check the p-value distribution, if you do a standard linear regression, you have heavy inflation and the true factor is somewhere in the middle. And now if you use these mixed model approaches, the inflation goes away. So all the genes follow the null distribution and the correct annotated factor is in the tail. It's not quite significant. If you do additional data munching, you can even get it above the Bonferroni cutoff. Now note here it's because we know the annotated factor. We don't really need above Bonferroni level because we can tell just by it's at the second position in the middle example that something interesting is going on. So now if you do this comprehensively, you can show that you have heavy enrichment for the correct factors. So standard linear regression, you already see enrichment. But then if you do these mixed model approaches, it really goes up. Another question is like, is this biologically relevant? So the one list that you would hope to see enrichment in is the pioneer factors. So there has been a high confidence list published of these pioneer factors and you see very strong enrichment of these factors in the transcription factors that have a motive that have a high score. Of course the ones that have a high score also, there are many more than there are not in this list. If you go into the literature, you see quite a few of them that are sort of handed around in the literature as being potential pioneer factors. Yeah. So I believe that's basically a screening tool. This approach provides interesting candidates for pioneer studies. Yeah, that's all. So thanks to Sven Bergman, Sultan Kutarek, Trico and Daniel. Any questions? All right.


Ball here. Let's see if I can do any tricks for a camera. What do you think? How's that? Ready? Play. Play a new ball. Turn. Play. Quick. Oh my goodness. Don't get that on camera. Here we go. Ready? Let's play. Go. Turn. Play. Good block. Keep it. Keep it. Play on. Play here. Oh. Turn. Play. Quick. Quick. Quick. Turn. Play. Quick. Yeah. Ah. New ball. When you only have one player, neutral player, and you only have one touch to finish the ball, you'll see a lot of times they give it to me. I'm just giving it right back to them. I'm just trying to set them on an angle where they can shoot first time. So it's a good habit. A lot of players in games, they have opportunities to score goals and the net is open, but they don't take the shot. Okay? Just because they feel like, oh, I have to beat a player before I can score a goal. You want to get in the habit. If the ball comes and it's on, boom, just hit it without hesitation. So I'm trying to give them service, but what I want from them is when they pass the ball. If they play me the ball, I need them to create a new angle and play. You can't just play the ball and get the ball back. Okay? So this time, Tyler, you just come here. Brynn, come here. Give her the, yeah, go on the ball. Tyler, you just stand here. Okay? Whatever I want to see. I've been telling you to do this and you have been doing it, but both of you didn't do it at all this game. Go in closer. What I want to see when you play, when you have this situation, what I want to see, what I want you to go. I want you to go in behind. Okay? Come, come again. Play here the ball. You go defense. Go in closer. Go in closer. Okay? I want that pass there. So many players come and be me. Brynn, just play defense. Tyler, be me there. So many players play the ball. We get this ball. We play this pass here and we just sit here. Play again. We always want to do this. We always want to do this one and then go score. If you want to score more goals and just come a bit more here, come a bit more here, come and close me. If you want to score more goals, I want to receive the ball in these areas. Okay? So practice. Yeah, little games, but on the field, you always want to try to get in behind when you can. You score way more goals. Ready? Let's play again. Switch sides. Yeah. Good idea. If it's not on, it's not on. Or you can just do that. Beautiful. Play, play, play and reset. Finish. Well, it's a good movement. Just need to finish. Turn, play. Can you, can you, can you find it? That's the one. That's the one. Okay, well done. Does it work? Yes. Try new ball. Play, play, play, play. Angle, angle, finish. Good. Two-one. Two-no. What is it? Coming to me. Let's talk about how to defend it. Come here. Well, ball quick. Come here, B defense. Okay. So if you're going into her to get the ball and she plays the pass to me, where are you, where's she going to track? Okay. So swap with me and let me show you.  Okay. Be me, be me. Give her that passing angle. Okay. Sorry. Go back, start again.  Okay. So like a rule of defending is, especially when I have teammates, when I don't have teammates, probably more important, follow your runner. Don't follow the ball. Does it make sense? Okay. So if you play here or there, if you like this content, check out the soccer success planner, you can download it for free. There's a link in the description below. And for advanced training, check out the online soccer academy. I need to stay this one. Does that make sense? Go again. Go again. Okay. If I don't, if I, if I'm not engaging you, I can kind of cheat on this one. But when I come here, play back again. When I come close to you and you play in, now I'm just staying with you here. Yes. Okay. Especially a neutral player that can't score. You know that, right? And my teammate in a real game will handle that. I have to handle you. The second you play that pass and then I go here and running in circles, I'm screwed. It makes sense. Okay. Ball here. Switch sides. Good. Get there. Get there. Get there. Good block. Turn and play quick. Good. I like that one play. Come here. Come. Oh, handball referee. Handball. Penalty play here. You can't block it. You have to take a shot from here. Here, here, here. Uh-oh. Just right in. Just like a pass. Yes. One, no. Ready to play. Oh, all right. One, one. Play. Ball, ball. Yes. Playing here. Oh, good read. Oh, slip. Play a new ball. Good. Can you dribble up? Oh, play again. Yes. What do you do, Bryn? Nice. Nice. That's the perfect one. Hey, well done. Both of you. Play. No, that was one touch from you. That was one touch from you. One touch from me. Like as a player in a game, you should be doing these things, but as a coach as well, I'm trying to guide the tempo of their play with my communication. So you can, I can change the speed of their play and how I demand the ball. And I ask them to move a lot of players as soon as there's a stoppage in play, the ball goes out of balance. It's always like this to go and get it to turn. Okay. Now we'll play. It's too slow. Some of the best opportunities to take advantages of the other team is when the ball is out of play. So if you find the ball out of play, it's quick play and let's get it going right away. So I can encourage my teammates, my players to play faster with my communication, but also my movement, the speed of my passes, and think about opportunities, especially from stoppages. What was the score? 2-2. Yeah? Yeah. Next goal. Movement, movement, movement. She just goes, look at this though. Look at this. She lost and she didn't even hesitate. She just went and down new push-ups. That's one thing I got on these girls when it's time to do work. You don't spend a second complaining about it.  Let's just talk quick. We talked about playing that one too, yes? Trying to get him behind when he can, yeah? Okay. So a couple of things. Just go there. Defend me.  If I play this here and now I'm trying to go in, you can track me easier, yes? So sometimes, sometimes I actually want to take a little touch and let you and, and tricky to come in to the ball, yes? And then I play here and then go. Does it make sense? Yes. Okay. Some, but now sometimes you guys are doing it and I just want you to come, but track me. Play in here. Now track me. You're coming here and yeah, just hold the ball. You're coming here and your run didn't work out and now we're just kind of hesitating for a second, right? If it's not on, I have to realize that and I can't stay here anymore. Does it make sense? Okay. Play again. I want you to play again. I want you to close me and track me. Good. If it doesn't work, play something like this, yes? Does it make sense? Okay.  You have to change your movement right away. You do that really good sometimes, right? When it doesn't come here, where do you go?  Does that make sense, girls? Okay. Very good job. All right. Good session with the girls. They're doing really well. They improved a lot over the last couple of years. For me, one of the biggest things is like positivity and praise and re-encouragement when they do well. You guys worked with a few coaches in the past, yes? Have I ever, I'm always pretty positive with you guys, make you feel good? Yes? Okay. So I think like, trust me, I grew up with really hard, critical, negative coaches and obviously there's a time and place for that more so probably when you're playing higher and highest levels. It gets more out of your players, but when you're working in young players and you just want to see them improve, it's all about positivity and praise. When they do things well, encourage them, remind them to do things well and make them feel good about themselves and they improve so much faster. Yes? Yes. Okay. If you like this content, check out the Soccer Success Planner. You can download it for free. There's a link in the description below. And for advanced training, check out the Online Soccer Academy.


This is card number 3. The artwork is the same. However, the writing is a little different on this one. There's a little bit of addition added here. So what we're going to do is, and it's hard to tell which parts have been added and taken out, so what we're going to do, we're going to read card number 3. Okay, this whole card of the revised version. So this, let me bring this out again, just so you know, this is the original version, this is the revised version. Best evidence, and that's one thing that happened with the Oliver Stone movie and the information that was released regarding the assassination, because Oliver Stone released some information regarding the autopsy that wasn't available before. So this drawing, let me see, let's see if all the drawings are the same. The artwork is the same. That's cool. Maybe they're right up on the bottom. I didn't check that. The writing seems to be the same, right? But what we're going to do, we're going to read the revised version of the autopsy, because this is incredibly important, right? So this is, from 1992, revised version of the Kuteta assassination of JFK trading cards, right? We already read, we already took a look at the artwork. It's sort of a storyboard of what took place. Let's read the background. The autopsy. Card number 3. Okay, Lyndon Johnson would not leave Dallas without the president's widow, who in turn refused to depart without her husband's body. So the autopsy was performed at Beth, Bethus Dad Naval Hospital. Claims that the body was altered between Parkland and Beth, Bethus Dad persist due to incompatible description of the president's wounds. And because the Ornate, Ornate, Ornate, or Ornate, Ornate presidential casket was left unguarded on Air Force, Air Force One, during its delayed takeoff, while Johnson, on his own orders, was sworn in as president. The premise of tampering with reinforced, was reinforced by naval officers claim that Kennedy's body appeared at Bethesda in body bag inside a cheap tin casket prior to the arrival of the official entourage. The autopsy was performed by Commander James Humes and two other naval doctors, none of them forensic pathologists.  Humes, whose first observation, according to FBI agent, was that there had been surgery of the head area, quote, surgery of the head area, and quote, describe the head wound as a gaping hole towards the right front, as from a rear shot. Parkland saw a back wound below the right shoulder. Humes located it in the neck. Parkland saw an entrance wound in the throat. Humes called it a trichotomy. After being told of his mistake the next day, and without having followed the path of the bullet through the neck, on orders from an unnamed general, Humes concluded this bullet had exited from the throat. He then burnt his primary autopsy notes. His findings, along with a bullet found on a stretcher at Parkland, gave rise to the Warren Commission's magic bullet theory, end quote. But in 1992, former Parkland doctor Charles Crenshaw broke 29 years of silence stating he had observed that Kennedy was shot from the front. And this part here, coup d'etat trading course, revised second edition, text copyright 1990-1992, Paul Brancato, art copyright 1990-1992, Bill Wieske, phenomenal writer, artist by the way, Bill Wieske, and Eclipse Entertainment, P.O. Box 1099, Forestville, California, 95436. And here's the copyright for the 1990 version. So here's the original version. And you can see the paper on this is wider, right? So the first version came out in 1990, the second version, revised version after the Oliver Stone movie, and the documents that were released came out in 1992. Very cool. Very cool.


Don't let me drive Right. Good morning everybody. It's still dark. I got tagged to read the Halloween tag by Louise and that is what I'm doing. I actually can't believe I fit to record it until now when it is literally Halloween. So I'm going to be doing 10 questions about Halloween. Name something you wouldn't want to run into in a dark forest or in an abandoned building. I walked into an abandoned building.  So I watched this exploring video back in the day. It was in these like professional explorers found a dead body or like sounds like banging and crashing and movement like no. This is why Lydia's never done a going around abandoned building video. Have you ever played for a Ouija board?  Me and someone who I was fighting with since I've cut them out my life was doing it and I wasn't pushing it. She wasn't pushing it. I could see she wasn't moving it at all and we said goodbye and then all I could hear in my head was still here. Still here. And like I know that was like a hallucination or whatever because I stopped my meds at that point. I won't do it again. I believe that video is still up on my channel actually. Favorite horror monster or villain? I've got like I'm a massive fan of the soul movies. Jigsaw is it's got a special place in my heart.  Yeah. Do you prefer gore or thrillers? Definitely gore. I'm more of a story but I do love my soul films even though they're really badly made. I love them because of the creativity behind it. Like imagine being a scriptwriter for soul. Like imagine how you'd have to come up with all these ideas. Like it just blows my mind. Sorry the inner film student in me is coming out. Do you believe in multiple dimensions in worlds? Yes. Have you ever played Bloody Mary? No. I am way too afraid to go to school but primary school. My friend Kai was trying to get me to do it and I wouldn't. I was tired and because I was so young and got me to play Crying and I ran out of the bathroom and I had to go and talk to her teacher about why I was crying and everything and the game then got banned from school.  I just wouldn't want to be in so any movie that isn't so. Do you ever go to a graveyard at night? Yeah I would. I like already have done that before but hey you know and me. Is that a surprise anymore? I'm either one who gets scared or the one who doesn't scare. I unintentionally scare people. I'm terrified of my own shadow so I'm also very easy to scare.  I hate it. That's why the only video I'm doing for Halloween is a tag video because I just don't like Halloween. Like three years ago I did a Ouija board and I'll wake at three o'clock in the morning. Oh god damn. But yeah I hear if you're enjoying this video. Sorry that I'm tired. I just started filming while I'm awake because I'm probably gonna fall in sleep during the day. Also I put my fairy lights back up. It's all good. There we go. Thank you for watching. If you want to make it here make sure you hit the subscribe button. We're doing a giveaway when we reach 5k and I'm super excited for it because I've already started buying things for it. Peace.


There are five reasons why people are poor. Number one, procrastination, leaving things to the last minute. Number two, refusing to learn. They think it's not time to learn or it's too late to learn. Number three, indecisions, delays in making decisions. And number four, looking for excuses. Makes excuses first to avoid responsibility for mistakes. And number five, fear of rejection. They are afraid actually to be rejected or not being accepted in the community. Subscribe to the channel for more videos.