That I've been facing with artists or just seeing certain commentary is the way artists are pushing back against platforms like TikTok based on their own superficial perception of what it's like outside of doing the work, understanding what's actually existing on the platform, that there are so many other types of music that are winning on the platform and understanding that you don't even have to be this content creator going super heavy to have success on the platform. There's so many ways to be successful on a platform like TikTok and while I'm starting with TikTok it's also because it's idea, oh only this type of music wins on the platform, no there's specific types of songs. So you can have, there's no one artist where I would say market all your music on TikTok. There's no one artist where I would say market do a music video for every single song, right? Don't market all of your music on YouTube or you have to understand that there's channels that take place. So don't rob yourself of new marketing channels just because you're going with this surface level of attention.  I hear a lot of artists say that as I was talking about TikTok. The main thing is they're like, yo TikTok is for kids, or TikTok used to be like music or whatever.  What happened when the artists were creative though? I think a lot of artists, the urban artists, they're too cool for school. So many artists just think it's like a thing now they're doing it for, I don't know I just want the money, the streams and all these other things and so many of them aren't actually creative because just because people are winning in one way on a platform that doesn't mean you have to like submit to that way. There might be another creative format, whether yours might be a little bit more jury right there's always the anti so if there's that many people on the platform there are some people who are into the emo thing, some people are into happy go lucky, some people are into dancing, some people there's literally TikTok, there's just one TikTok page I came across, this girl's just staring at the screen bro like that's it like and it has millions of views right and like that's basically all she's doing it's another dude who has like a shark and he's talking and doing like there's there's this one girl that's weird and it's a little creepy the stuff she does but that goes across with that goes with certain types of music right like so like there's so many different aspects but you can't be afraid to show your creativity and market your creativity everybody is so busy trying to hack the game of what's already existent like what do you have that's unique outside of your music right because okay now we can say oh yeah you do what you do your thing on your music but is that the only creative form of expression do you have no visual aspects of creativity like I don't know I get frustrated by artists that refuse to be artistic and creative and only look to what's winning and they because they always are going to end up behind the curve anyway oh this is only for kids and then once all their peers are doing and everybody else is winning then they're going to get on it and try to do what they're doing right you're already behind the curve you already are going to take the L because careers aren't made out of just talents not really made out of just money and resources it's also made in moments there's certain windows of opportunity that happen where you get exponential results and then once that window passes you can go triple as hard as that other person did but they walk through the door your ass is trying to break through the wall as opposed to just walking through the door when everything was a lot easier so you're not gonna get the same results or you're gonna have to put way more in just to get there. I think with all of the different tools that we have now to just get ourselves in front of the people I think that's it has crippled like our artists now of this generation because they don't have to work as hard to get to the fan base they don't have to like do all the things that a lot of people had to do years ago to make themselves stand out I feel like artists years ago was just different in their own sense anyway like you know it wasn't like oh I need to be like this group or I need to be like this rapper a lot of people had their own identity so when they were putting out their creative work it really spoke to who they are but I think now is like a lot of artists are basically taking on the identity of other people just because they feel like this is what's selling so they're they only want to be as creative as creative as what they see you know what I mean so it's like if they don't see their favorite rappers all on TikTok busting down videos and all of this stuff they feel like that's not something that I probably need to do and this is probably more so for the rap community or you know the urban community not more like the singers but like rappers because they like I'm not you know I mean like they don't see anybody that they are familiar with doing this now they might see a whole you can see like a whole bunch of the users might make some a song to who's a rapper no Nas X is not the rapper we're talking about a J Cole or somebody a little harder like a like a like a young doff like yeah I mean like you know what I'm saying like you right yeah so it's like those type of artists you're not seeing like that type of content being created on you're seeing more of the funner songs like another person who is literally that type of music and I know the person that does their marketing and killing it so you do that and do that thing you know what I mean so bram at a plug because he know him I mean it's not even about knowing knowing them I don't gotta introduce you to somebody else's marker that I do the junk for you like it's I already have artists that are doing put there's one song that I would consider one of the most successful songs that I'm doing right now on tiktok and I mean I don't know what category you would call it but it's it's not just even regular rap it's a little bit more harder and a little bit more grit and then there's another song that I don't even know what genre to call it but people are rocking with and the artists is super delighted like you know what I mean like and it like I yeah I don't even know what genre to call that it's kind of weird but uh I think but that's what I'm saying is like when people you know when people can't see it they really don't believe in it exactly but that's but that's why I just want to see more point of view perspective and and thoughtfulness when it comes to artists because that's one of the greatest ways to stand out the greatest artists that we know they all stand out due to those things that we just talked about like but they have a way of seeing things a way of doing things and that's why you can mock them you can talk like Drake and make up some statements and people like oh yeah you mimicking jay or you mimicking jay Cole or are you mimicking jay like you can hear because they talk in a certain way they they they put things together and express in a certain way right you as your other artists you need to be able to develop that not only like auditorially visually be able to do both of those things because if you're just basing everything you build on hacking the game that's that's where it dilutes that's why I don't I try to tell mark uh not mark artist brah do your thing get in your hole build all your stuff do you do you create your art and then look at marketing like I could take anything and then figure out where do I put a piece of together people are so focused on just oh I gotta do this this way I gotta go through this lane that they don't actually that they dilute their art because now they think I have to do that yes you can actually build out a song to go be successful on this platform this platform based on those formulas do that if you want to that that's your thing right um but also understand that when it comes to this marketing thing packaging is the magic is the magic and knowing where to place it is the magic so if you have a song and you and your creative bag and it happens to be a super kitty song I'ma place it after Barney you know what I mean if it's a harder song then I'ma put it in a different place you know what I mean like it's all all those choices can be made we just need there to be something unique there in the first place versus you thinking I need to do this or I need to do that if you you pick the marketing channels and placements and all those other decisions get made after a fact you can't eliminate any platform completely because it might work for one song amazingly it might not work for the next song right


Hey, what's up guys, welcome to a new video. So in this one, we're going to be going over Facebook ads targeting. When it comes to targeting, one of the most popular questions or a couple of popular questions really are, number one, what sort of audience size should I be targeting and number two is how many interest. So that's what we're gonna be covering in this video. And in my opinion then, it comes down to, it's definitely a case of quality over quantity. Some of my best performing ad sets have come from targeting audience sizes of around 500K, if not smaller. And I believe this to be the case purely because I would much rather or it makes sense then to show your ad to an audience size of say 200K of which the majority of people are interested in your product, rather than show your ad to say an audience size of say three, five million people of which a very small percentage of people will actually be interested in it. If you think about it, if you've got a small budget on Facebook and you go off straight away without maturing your pixel, without building up that data into an audience size of say three million people, then a very small percentage of that audience is actually gonna be interested in your product. So if you're spending $5 or $10 per day, then it's gonna be pure luck if you actually come across somebody who's interested in your product and actually buys it. Or at least you're gonna struggle to have consistent results. So that's the top of the video, then that's what we're gonna be covering. Thanks very much for tuning in. I hope you enjoy it and let's get straight into it. So first things first then, you need to understand what it actually means to target an interest on Facebook and who is actually included in that audience. So everybody should do this exercise. Head over to your Facebook newsfeed, right click, top right, and then go across to your settings. We're gonna be looking at ads down here on the left towards the bottom left corner. And it's going, when it finally loads up, it's going to take you to the section of essentially what interests you are related to. So click on your interests and it's gonna open up this box here. And just to kind of show you through it then, there's a few different categories across the top and tabs. And what I want you to do is simply just choose any random one. So let's go for hobbies and activities. We're gonna click see more and just open these up. And essentially what these are then are interests that I'm related to. So if somebody was to target textile, I would be included in that audience, even though I have absolutely no interest or little to no interest in textiles. If somebody was to target that as an interest, so just to give you an example then if we head across to audience insights, and we put textile into here, then we can see that the audience size is 30 to 35 million people. And that includes me, even though I have absolutely little to no interest in textiles. So to pick that as a sole interest to targets, trying to tell the products within that interest, then you're gonna be showing it to a lot of people like me who aren't even interested in textiles. So essentially what this means then is that if you're targeting single interests alone, then a chance is that you're gonna be wasting a lot of your budget showing your ads to people who aren't interested in it at all. I recommend everybody do this exercise because it's easy for me to sit here, but if you go through your own interests that you're linked to, then you'll be looking at some of them in the same way, thinking I have absolutely no interest in them, why am I linked to them? Just in case you're wondering if you kind of like hover your mouse over them, then it will tell you why you are linked to those particular interests. Just as kind of like a side note, a side tip, a good way to do product research is if you have a brand new Facebook profile or create one that's purely gonna be used for product research, you can make sure you're only linked to interests which are gonna be related to dropshipping and therefore you're gonna see a ton of dropshipping ads and nothing but dropshipping products. If you wanna unlink yourself, for example, to a certain interest, it's dead easy to do. So for whatever reason I'm linked to nail fast, now you just remove it and therefore anybody targeting that particular interest, I'm not going to potentially see their ad. So with all that being said then, how do we avoid tags in people who aren't gonna be interested in your product? One really easy method is called flex tagging. So just to illustrate how this works is that, so if we try and picture who our ideal customer is going to be, it needs to be somebody who's super passionate about that particular niche and therefore they're gonna be more interested in our product. So somebody who's super passionate about something, they're going to be linked to more interests within that niche, for example. So if we just go back to my ad preferences, there's only one particular interest on here that's linked to textiles. So for somebody to eliminate tags in people who aren't really interested, what they would do is they would select more than one interest in the textile niche and then therefore it's gonna eliminate people like me. Hopefully that makes sense. So the more interests that you target, the more times you flex down, then the more people you're eliminating from your audience and the higher quality it's going to be. Because think about it, somebody who's super passionate about dogs and owns dogs, the chances are they spend a lot of time within the dog niche on Facebook, clicking on different ads, clicking on different posts, et cetera. So they're going to be linked. If they go on to their ad preferences, the chances are there's gonna be maybe say half a dozen, if not dozen interests in which they're going to be linked to. If you compare that against the average Joe who just clicks on every now and again, clicks on a post about dogs or an ad about dogs, they're only gonna link to say two or three different interests. So out of those two customers, then who's more passionate and who's more likely to buy your product? It's the first one that's actually linked to say half a dozen interests, if not a dozen. What I'm trying to say then, and I might seem like I'm going over this time and time again, but trust me, once you understand this, it will completely change the performance of your Facebook ads. You need to be tagged in the people who are the most passionate about your particular niche. And the way to do that then is to find the people who are connected to the most interests. Because somebody who isn't passionate about dogs isn't gonna be connected to say six different interests within the dog niche. The more interests you can target without sacrificing the audience size too much, then the better, the more passionate and the higher quality that particular audience is going to be and the better your conversion rate is going to be. So something else I wanna show you too, a lot of people think that if they're tagged in a particular word or a particular interest, it means they're only tagged in those particular people. So if I just go on to, let's try family and relationships, and I am linked to the interest of wife. So some people will make the mistake of tagging this interest, thinking that they're only tagged in wives, whereas you can clearly see I'm not a wife, or hopefully you can clearly see that. So by tagging that, you are gonna be including a lot of people like me who just aren't related to that interest whatsoever. So this is why it's critical that you flex target your interests. Now, what does this actually look like then in practice within your ad manager? Just to touch on a point in fact, a lot of people might be watching this thinking, if you go super specific on your potential reach, then will that affect your CPMs? And it can, it can increase your CPMs, but CPM is your cost per 1,000 impressions. And essentially what that's based on is how suitable your ad is for your audience. Think of it from Facebook's eyes. They want good user, they want a good user experience. So what they want to do is essentially give preferential reach to the ads that are getting better engagement because engagement shows a better user experience. It shows people are actually interested. So if your CPMs are super high, then instead of perhaps you can make your audience a bit broader if you want to, but something else you can do is focus on your actual ad copy itself and try and increase engagement. Because trust me, that'll bring down your CPMs as well. One way to double check this as well is if you double check it against your quality ranking, if you've got a poor quality ranking, then that obviously shows that'll be a condition of why your CPMs are so high too. If you can increase that and actually get it too high, then that'll bring down your CPMs. So how does this actually look like in practice then? All you want to do is head over to the detail tags in box and you want to start with the biggest interest at the top and then work your way down because if you start too small too quickly, then it can be pretty difficult to get that potential reach up to a decent size. So for example, then I've spoken about dog niche quite a lot, if I just put dogs in here, it's a pretty huge interest as we can see. The potential reach hasn't gone down whatsoever. It's still 44 million people. So that's going to include a ton of people who don't own a dog and therefore probably won't be interested in our dog product. So what we want to do then is we want to make sure that we narrow the audience. If you've done your interest research, if you want me to cover that in a different video, actually comment part two or interest research or something like that in the comment section, I can do a video on how to find interests. But just in case you're not sure what you can do is you can put dogs in here, go to interests and then this will open up the suggestions box and Facebook will give you ideas of different interests. Now, some of these will be better than others. If you want me to cover that in a video, make sure you let me know in the comment section below. So what we want to do now then is just go down, try and find the interests, which are the largest. So we could go for dog training, it is pretty massive. If we put that in there and then now remove the dogs. In theory, that should reduce our potential reach, which it has, it's gone down to 27 million, which is a good sign. 27 million is obviously super broad, especially if this is the initial ad you're going to be running. So what it can do is just go for suggestions, find something else that's pretty big.  So if we go narrow further and put dog walking in here, make sure you pick the correct one. That's now taken it down to 25 million, which again is still super broad. The next one was I completely forgot. Let's go suggestions, dog training, we've got. Dog behavior, let's try that one. Dog behavior, and see what it's done. It's done nothing, this potential reach is still 24 million. It's because we've got this ticked. If we untick this, it's down to 1.8 million. Now in reference to this box, I don't want to spend too much time on it. Basically, I tend to use it for scaling only because you can see the difference it does to your potential reach. Once you've got an ad set that's performing really well at a small audience size, then it's like a green light to basically say to Facebook, go out there and now choose people who have already converted, similarly within this ad set, if that makes sense. I can do a video on that topic if you want me to at a later date. So let's go now a little further and go for, let's have a look at, let's go for dog toy. Obviously dog toy is related to dog owners. It's not really many people that buy dog toys unless they actually own a dog. 1.3 million, so it's still pretty high. Let's go for something a bit smaller to try and bring this audience size down. Let's try, let's just see what comes up. Drainer, walker, handler, these are all job tower tools which are super small. Walking, loving, grooming, companion dog, 6 million, let's try that. And that's taken that potential reach down to 320,000 which in my eyes is pretty ideal. So as you can see, it's quite extensive. Like there's a ton of interests we're targeting there but if you think about it, how many people are they gonna be out there that don't own a dog or aren't super passionate about dogs and yet they'll be included in every single one of these interests. There's not gonna be that many people. So what that basically says is that by targeting this particular audience that the majority of those people within this 320,000 are actually gonna be super interested in dogs if not actually own dogs themselves and therefore more likely to buy our product. So hopefully that makes sense. Any questions whatsoever, please do make sure you ask them because trust me, this will completely change the way you look at Facebook. It'll completely change your results for the better. So yeah, any questions or tool, just comment them below. I do read every single comment. And with that being said, if you enjoyed the video, please do let me know. Hit that like button. I can do more videos on Facebook ads. If you want part two where I build on this on how to actually find the interests then please do let me know about that as well. And with that being said, then let's get into announcing the winner of the one to one call from my previous video. So here we are in the previous video. A big thank you to everybody who watched it and entered the competition. So anyway, I'm going to take the URL, head over to our random comment picker. And we're very nearly at 10,000 subs. So if you are watching this and you haven't subscribed yet, please do four weekly chances, if not anything to win a call. And the winner of the previous video is W.A. So thank you very much for your comment. Hit me up on Instagram. We can get that call arranged. And guys, if you do just want to book a call right away and get straight down to business, you can't actually do so. Just make sure you check out the links in the video below. So that being said guys, thanks very much for tuning in. I hope you enjoyed this one and I'll see you in the next one.


This research paper provides insight into the genetic make-up of American ginseng, panaxquinquafolius L, and its potential role in the production of ginsenosides. The authors used a combination of bioinformatics tools such as de novo assembly, gene annotation, and gene expression profiling to identify key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds. This information can help scientists better understand how ginsenosides are produced and potentially lead to new methods of producing them. This article was authored by Louis Edmond M.K., Sung Jin Yuan, Sung Hyun Jin, and others.


A very good evening, aspirants. See, before getting into today's discussion, there are three opportunities that is knocking your door to assist you in achieving the UPSC civil services examination. We are here to help you in your prelims and mains preparation. Those who are missed to end roll into the most reliable prelims test series offered by Shankarae's academy, your wait is over. Pre-storming batch three is starting on November 9th and the first test in this batch will commence on 20th November. Like the other batches, it will also have 66 tests. And now for mains examination, you are all aware about the mains booster 2023 and which you will be provided 40 mains oriented tests in 90 days. The booster is a quick plan drafted for you to boost your mains score. It starts on October 31st and will include sectional test, half papers and civil service examination emulators. It is available in both online and offline mode for just Rs.4,500. On top of that, we are launching a new initiative called SA Augmental 2023. Under this initiative, you will be provided with four tests to enhance your essays. It is also available in both online and offline modes. See, you will get a different approach towards essay writing along with pre-essay and post-essay discussions. To further enhance the content of essays, you will be provided with summarized easy material combined with mentorship. All these are for just Rs.6,000. Grab these opportunities to kick start your problems as well as mains preparation. And with this happy note, let's get into the news article discussion for 27th of October 2022. Displayed here are the list of news articles that we have chosen for today's discussion. And see, now without wasting much time, let's get into the discussion. Now take a look at this news article. It says that the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee again cleared the proposal for commercial cultivation of genetically modified mustard. And this is the essence of the news article given here. In this context, let us understand about GM crops and its approval process. First of all, what are GM crops? See, the GM stands for genetically modified. The GM crop is nothing but a plant that has a novel or unusual combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology. For example, a GM crop can contain a gene that has been artificially inserted instead of acquiring through pollination. The resulting plant is said to be genetically modified. And know that the genetic modification is a technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism. So to produce a GM plant, new DNA is transferred into plant cells. And after the new DNA is transferred to plant cells, they are usually grown in tissue culture where they develop into plants. And the seeds produced by these plants will inherit the new DNA. And the plants formed from these seeds will also inherit the new DNA. So this is how GM crops are produced. Now you may ask why a new DNA is inserted to plant cells? See, we all know that the characteristics of all living organisms are determined by their genetic makeup. The genetic makeup is nothing but the genome and the genome consists of DNA. Also know that gene is a region of DNA that contains instruction for making proteins. And these proteins only will decide the characteristics of plants. Now you know why we are inserting new genes into plant cells. See, by doing this know, we can obtain desirable characteristics in plants. We can make plants herbicide resistant, drought resistant and insecticide resistant. For instance, let us take BT cotton. BT cotton is a genetically modified pest resistant cotton variety which has the ability to combat ballworm. So far we saw about the basics of GM crops. Now let us see the procedure for approval in India. See, in India the Environment Protection Act 1986 is an umbrella legislation which provides a holistic framework for the protection and improvement to the environment. And rules for the manufacture use, import, export and storage of hazardous microorganisms, genetically engineered organisms or cells, 1989 have been notified under this Environmental Protection Act 1986. So these rules are only the apex rules for the regulation of all activities related to genetically engineered organisms and products. And know that six competent authorities have been notified under the rules. I have given here the authorities, please go through it. And have a look at this flow chart given here. It is talking about the procedure for approval of GM crops. See, applicant will give the application to Institutional Biosafety Committee. And this committee will forward the application to review committee on genetic manipulation. And this review committee on genetic manipulation will review the data and give approval for biosafety studies. And after this only the genetic engineering appraisal committee gives approval for field trials. And after this the approval for environmental release will be considered. If the committee feels that the particular variety is suitable for environmental release, then the genetic engineering appraisal committee will give approval for the commercial release. This is what is given in the news article today. As we saw earlier, the GM mustard is given approval for commercial release by this genetic engineering appraisal committee. Now comes the question. Is this the final step in the approval process? See, it is a big no. The genetic engineering appraisal committee evaluates research into GM plans and recommends or disapproves their release into farm or fields. The final call however is taken by the environment minister. So, as far as today's article is concerned, GM mustard or the genetically modified mustard should get a nod from environment ministry also. So, that's all about this news article. So, through this discussion we saw what are GM crops and then we saw how it is approved for commercial usage. See, whatever we discussed in this discussion is very much important for both your problems as well as means because regarding this approval and all you will be asked in your means. So, these key points in mind. Now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Have a look at this article. See, it is about the India Space Agency ISRO. The chairman of ISRO talks about the functioning of space sector on demand. He also talks about the space policy which will define the future of commercial space applications in India. So, this is the crux of the news article given here and using this opportunity let us learn about ISRO. See, ISRO is Indian Space Research Organization and before seeing any missions let us see about the foundation of ISRO. See, space activities in the country were initiated with the setting up of Indian National Committee for Space Research in the year 1962. But the Indian Space Program was institutionalized in November 1969 with the formation of Indian Space Research Organization that is ISRO. After this the Government of India constituted the Space Commission and established the Department of Space in June 1972. In September 1972 the government brought ISRO under Department of Space. Here the Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian Space Program. This is done to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. Now coming to the Department of Space, first of all let us see the objectives of forming this Department of Space. See, this Department of Space only has the primary responsibility of promoting development of space science, technology and applications towards achieving self-reliance in assisting in all-round development of the nation. And to do this, the Department of Space has evolved certain programs. Now let us see them one by one. The first one is the Indian National Satellite Program. It is for telecommunications, TV broadcasting, metrology, developmental education etc etc. And the second one is the remote sensing program. It is for the application of satellite imagery for various developmental purposes. And the third one is the indigenous capability for design and development of spacecraft and associated technologies for communications, resources survey and space sciences. And the fourth one is design and development of launch vehicles with indigenous technology. See, this is done for access to space and orbiting spacecrafts and space science missions. And the final one is research and development in space sciences and technology as well as application program for national development. And know that this Department of Space implements these programs through Indian space research organization, that is ISRO. And both the Department of Space and ISRO are headquartered at Bengaluru. And they carry out the developmental activities at the centers and the units spread over the country. So see the map here to know about the centers of the Indian space program. Now coming to the status of ISRO, as of now ISRO has accomplished 116 spacecraft mission, 86 launch missions, 13 student satellites, two re-entry missions and 381 foreign satellites. Firstly, let us see about the launch vehicles. As we all know ISRO is using PSLV, GSLV MK2 and MK3. See PSLV is Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and it is called as the Work Halls of ISRO. Then take GSLV, it is the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. This vehicle uses indigenous cryogenic technology. And the next is ISRO has performed many technology demonstrations. I will tell you few examples. The first one is Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment, that is CARE. The re-entry characteristics and the recovery of the Crew Module was tested in this mission. And the next one is Experimental Mission of ISRO's cramjet engine towards the realization of an air breathing propulsion system. It uses hydrogenous fuel and oxygen from the atmospheric air as oxidizer. And the next example is Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator. See this demonstrates autonomous navigation, guidance and control and re-entry mission management. Next we will see about the satellites. The first one is Communication Satellites. Example for this is South Asia Satellite. And the second one is Satellite Navigation Constellation. Example for this is Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, that is IR-NSS. And the third one is Earth Observation Satellite. An example for this is Cartosat, Insat and Scatsat. And apart from this ISRO has done many science missions. They include Astrosat, Mars Orbitar Mission. See the Astrosat is India's first multi-wavelength observatory capable of simultaneously viewing the Universe in the visible ultraviolet and extra regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Then take the Mars Orbitar Mission. It is India's first interplanetary mission. So this is all about the status of ISRO. Now the future missions include Chandrayaan 3 in which ISRO aims to launch Chandrayaan 3 in an attempt to soft land on the Moon after Chandrayaan 2 hard landed on the lunar surface in the year 2019. Then take Gaganyan. The project will demonstrate ISRO's capability for human space flight to the lower Earth orbit and save return to the Earth. See Gaganyan comprises two unmanned missions and one manned mission. Then take Aditya L1. See it is India's first mission to study the Sun. Aditya L1 aims to place a 400 kg satellite in the halo orbit around the Lagrangian point L1 of the Sun Earth system to continuously view the Sun without any eclipses. So that's all about this news article. See through this discussion we covered an important science topic that is ISRO and all the missions and satellites of ISRO is also discussed in this discussion. So with all these factual information in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion. See this article here it says that ISRO is working on a series of improvements to NAVIC. This is done to motivate people to install and use NAVIC. As per the article plans are on the move to give NAVIC a global reach. So this is the crux of the news article given here and in today's discussion let us see in detail about NAVIC. First of all what is this NAVIC? See it is expanded as Navigation with Indian Constellation. Know that NAVIC is the operational name of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System that is IR NSS. Now what is this IR NSS? See as the name suggests it is an independent regional navigation satellite system developed by India. To put it in simple words it is nothing but India's version of GPS that is Global Positioning System. This is the basic information regarding NAVIC. Having seen the basics let us see about the functioning of NAVIC. See the NAVIC is designed to provide accurate position information servers to users in India as well as the region extending up to 2500 kilometer from its boundary. See this image here the circled portion is the primary service area of NAVIC and there is also an extended area. It lies between primary service area and area enclosed by the rectangle from latitude 30 degrees south to 50 degrees north and longitude 30 degrees east to 130 degrees east. See this is about the coverage area. Now coming to the satellite system the constellation currently consists of eight satellites that have been in orbit since 2018 and this is with an additional satellite on the ground as standby okay and out of the eight satellites three of them are located in geostationary orbit and the remaining five satellites are in inclined geosynchronous orbit. See I have given the satellites in this table just give it a glance and after this in the functioning let us see about the services provided by the satellites. See the IR NSS provides two types of services. The first one is the standard positioning service. See this service is for civilian use and can be used by all users okay and the second one is the restricted service. This service is encrypted and can only be used by authorized users that is for military purposes okay and now finally let us see about the operation of IR NSS. See the IR NSS operates in the L band frequency of 1076.45 mHz and in the S band frequency of 2492.028 mHz so it provides a position accuracy of better than 20 meter in the primary surface area. See this is what is given in news article also NAVIC is available for use in mainland India and within 1500 kilometer around it. But the main problem here is that mobile phones have not been made compatible to process its signals and this is why Indian government has been pressing manufacturers to add compatibility and has set a deadline of January 2023. See the ISRO chairman added that adding the L1 band into NAVIC would be a major change and this bandwidth is a part of the GPS and it is the most used one for the civilian navigational use. But currently NAVIC is only compatible with the L5 and S bands and it has an easily penetrated into the civilian sector okay and apart from this NAVIC only provides short code this has to become long code for the use of the strategic sector. So this prevents the signal from being breached okay. So that's all about this news article. See in a previous discussion we saw about ISRO its foundation and what are all these satellites and in that we saw this example of IRNSS right. So in this discussion we saw about this NAVIC in detail and also about this IRNSS satellite okay. So these factual information which is very much important for both your problems and means. Now let's move on to the next news article discussion. See take a look at this article it talks about the eviction of bats from a cave in the state of Manipur for the purpose of tourism. So this is what given in the article and in this context let's learn about the species of bats and the importance of them in an ecosystem. Firstly let's see what are bats. See bats are mammals of the order chiroptera. Here note that they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight and they have their forelimbs adapted as wings which helps in attaining agility in flight than most birds okay. Now coming to the importance of bats in an ecosystem. See though often feared and loathed their sinister creatures of the night bats are vital to the health of our environment and our economy. Now let's see how. Firstly bats play an essential role in pest control. See the recent studies estimate that across all agricultural production consumption of insect pests by bats result in a saving of more than 3 billion dollar per year okay. And now coming to the second benefit while many bats eat insects other feeds on nectar and provide critical pollination for a variety of plants like peaches, cloves and bananas. See in fact bats are the sole pollinator for the gave plant a key ingredient in tequila. Here also note that a gave plant grows predominantly in the decan plateau region okay. See the food source of bat is fruit and this is leading to yet another important role played by the bats in the ecosystem which is nothing but the seed dispersal okay. See fruit eating bats can account for as much as 95 percentage of the seed dispersal responsible for early growth in recently cleared rainforest okay. So these are all the positives associated with the presence of bats in the ecosystem. Now let's see about the disease carrying capacity of bats. See bats are the host for viruses such as Ebola virus, Nipah virus, corona viruses etc and these viruses are capable of causing severe and often deadly disease in humans as well as animals. But bats which are host of such deadly viruses exhibit no signs or minimal signs of the disease even when there is high viral loads of these viruses in the bats body. So to find out the reasons behind it a study was conducted by researchers in Singapore last year. See the research study found that bats can harbor these viruses without getting infected because bat special immune system enables them to avoid excessive virus induced inflammation. So because of its inbuilt immunity bats act as a perfect carrier of viruses and other deadly pathogens. See this is yet another important role played by the bats in the ecosystem but this is a negative role okay. So this is all regarding the disease carrying capacity with respect to bats and that's all about this news article. So through this discussion we came to know about the bats and its positive as well as negative role in the ecosystem. See whenever we come across a species that is having negative role we should know its positive role as well because you might get a mains question like this. Can the species be evicted completely from the environment? For that kind of question know you have to address by giving the positive role of that species in the ecosystem. Only then you can say that it cannot be evicted completely because every species will have both positive role as well as negative role. We should address the question by balancing both the positive as well as the negative role and in case the positive role is more then the species cannot be evicted completely but if the negative role is more it has to be evicted okay. Since you have listened to this discussion my question is should bat be evicted completely from the environment? If you are interested post your answers in the comment section. So with these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this editorial article. It talks about decolonization and the recent discourses surrounding it. See the author of the article identifies certain areas in which the coloniality still lingers in the previously colonized states. One of the areas he identifies is the governance mechanism. Other than this the author mutes the idea to make peace with what had happened in the past and not try to change it now. So through this discussion we will learn about the term colonization impacts of colonization and most importantly about the new arising discourse about decolonization in the erstwhile colonized states. Before that the syllabus 11 to this discussion is highlighted here for a reference. Kindly go through it. Now let's start a discussion. Firstly let us look at the term colonization. Colonization can be defined as the cultural and economic subjugation of an indigenous population of a foreign territory by people who are nowhere related to that territory. See colonization is said to be occurred when one nation subjugates another conquering its population and exploiting it for its own benefit. So colonization involves the process of forcing colonizers own language and cultural values upon the colonized people. By 1914 a large majority of the world's nations had been colonized by Europeans at some point. To make you understand colonization let us see an example. As you all know India was an erstwhile colony of Britain. During the British occupation of India huge quantity of wealth has been drained out of India through the policies of the British government. The book Drain of Wealth by Dada by Navroji exactly deals with this and again the colonial project of making the indigenous population to make use of the colonizer's language was also a huge success. Predominantly we Indians now try our best to converse in English. This is all with respect to the term colonization. Now let's see the effects of colonization. Firstly the colonized states which gained independence thereafter still reminds to be poor. Today India's per capita income is seven times lower than that of its colonizer Britain. So this is an evident that still the colonized states are remaining poor. Secondly communalism and ethnic violence are common features of states which were colonized earlier. Sri Sri Lanka is an example of how the unequal distribution of wealth during colonial times continues to affect ethnic relations between Sinhalese and Tamils and even after it gained independence from British. Okay and thirdly if you take culture that is including language and living traditions of indigenous populations were totally wiped out because of colonization. This case can be best explained by looking at the South American colonized states. Today all the countries in this region speak Spanish or Portuguese. Language of indigenous population like Incas were totally wiped out by the Western European colonizers. Okay and fourthly tech racism which was a byproduct of the interaction between the colonizer and the colonized even though declared illegal it is followed by the white population in certain pockets of the world. Okay the reason example of racism which became a widely talked issue around the globe was how George Floyd an African American was killed by the Minneapolis police. The police officer knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face down in a street. So this incident led to the famous Black Lives Matter movement in the western world and the fifth impact is this is what discussed in the newspaper. See the governance system in the post-colonial societies are predominantly a replica of colonial governance mechanism. For example imperial civil service which is now called as Indian civil service was built by British. This is to serve their interest and even till today Indian civil services play an important part in the governance mechanism of our country with only minor changes meant to it. I hope as a civil service aspirant you will be knowing all these things especially the last impact that we saw. So these are all some of the effects of colonialism which can even be felt today. Now moving on to see the term decolonization. See decolonization as a term was previously only used to denote the reclining of political power from the colonizer by the indigenous population. Here note that according to this definition India was politically decolonized in the year 1947 when British left India. But nowadays the term decolonization has been used with a much wider meaning denoting the existence of European coloniality in the cultural realms of erstwhile colonies. Here decoloniality refers to the doing away with the cultural relics of the colonizer present in the previously colonized states. So let me explain this to you briefly. If you have been to Indian courts you would have noticed lawyers and judges wearing long black gowns. You can ask yourself a question for a tropical country like India with scorching summer months is it necessary? See this is a perfect example European coloniality exerting itself on the cultural realm of the previous colonial states. This is even after the colonies obtaining independence. So now let's move on to see how far India is decolonized. As we have already seen India became a politically decolonized country when India became independent in the year 1947. But we cannot completely say that India gained decoloniality in its cultural sphere because India still uses English as one of its administrative language. More worryingly India still uses only English as the pleading language in most of its high courts as well as the supreme court. While it is difficult to move ourselves from English due to its global importance, India can try at least to implement regional languages along with English as a pleading language in its high courts. See the Tamil Nadu government has recently asked the centre to consider introducing Tamil as a pleading language in the Madras High Court. And now coming to the most important area where decoloniality is long pending. See the governance structure in India is still today a relic of its British past. This can be clearly seen in its policing apparatus. Till today lock up deaths are common in different parts of our country, am I right? And public in India cannot approach police stations freely due to the sturdiness with which police interact with them. See this is the perfect example of colonial governance structure which is present in India till date. So with this we have come to the end of the discussion. See as a conclusion to this discussion we can say that following certain things of colonialism is not a mistake because certain governance structures like the IPS officers or the IAS officers who are selected by the civil services examination is good for the governance of the country. But when you take the sturdiness with which police are interacting with the people all these know should be abandoned. There should be a friendly way of interaction of the officers and the public. This is how the British governance structure can be modified and implemented in India. So we can conclude that decolonization in India is a to progress. So through this discussion we came to know about what is meant by colonization, the impacts of it and also about the decolonization and finally we saw how far India has been able to decolonize itself from its colonial past. See though India has progressed a lot it this it to progress and to justify that we have seen two examples. One is the administrative language and another one is the sturdiness of the policing apparatus. So with these key points in mind now let's move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. See today we have four questions in which three I'll be discussing and one will be a quiz question for you. Now look at the first question. It is a two statement type of question. Now look at statement one. Ishthra was established in the year 1958 while Naza was established in the year 1969. See this statement is incorrect because Naza was established in the year 1958 by President Dwight D. H. Nover. It is as a plan to create a distinctly civilian orientation encouraging peaceful application especially in space science. See the Ishthra on the other hand was established in the year 1969 under the administrative control of the department of space which is under the government of India. Okay now coming to the statement two Naza is the primary space agency of United States but Ishthra is the nation's civilian space program for aeronautics and aerospace research. See this statement is also incorrect because both Naza and Ishthra are space agencies. Naza which stands for national aeronautics and space administration is the civilian space program for aeronautics and aerospace research in the United States of America. And Ishthra on the other hand is the primary space agency of India. Okay so having seen both the statements look at the full question it is demanding for correct statements so your answer here will be option D neither one nor two. Okay now take the second question. See it is also a two statement type of question and it is regarding the genetic engineering appraisal committee. Now look at statement one the genetic engineering appraisal committee functions under the ministry of science and technology. See this statement is incorrect because the genetic engineering appraisal committee functions in the ministry of environment forest and climate change. Okay now look at statement two as per 1989 rules this committee is responsible for appraisal of proposals relating to release of genetically engineered organisms and products into the environment including experimental field trials. See this statement is absolutely correct. This we saw in the discussion itself. Yes as per the rules of 1989 it is the responsibility of this committee for appraising of activities involving large scale use of hazardous microorganisms also the recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle. Okay then the committee is also responsible for appraisal of proposals relating to release of genetically engineered organisms and products into the environment including experimental field trials. Okay so in the discussion part we didn't cover much about this committee right. So using this question you would have got an idea about this committee also. Now coming back to the question see the question is demanding for correct statements. So what will be your answer? Your answer here is option B 2 only. Okay now moving on to the third question see it is a pair based question here on one side countries are given and on the other side the navigation system of that particular country is given. See you have to find the correct pass among these. Okay the answer for this question is option D that is only four pass. Yes all the four pass given here are correctly matched. If you want to know about each and every navigation system mentioned here just look at this image. Here you can see that GPS which is the navigation system of US then GLONASS which is the navigation system of Russia then Galileo which is the navigation system of European Union then India's navigation system that we saw in our today's discussion which is the IRNSS. Okay then for China it is Baidu. Okay here just give it a glance of the starting year then how much satellite it has then the coverage area. Okay all these might help you in attending preliminary type of questions. From this itself you can understand that except this IRNSS all other navigation system that is GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, Baidu all are having a global coverage okay and in today's discussion also we saw that India is aiming for this global coverage. Displayed here is a quiz question for you go through the question and try answering this question. See interested aspirants post your answers in the common section and the right answer will be posted in the common section itself and displayed here is a mains practice question for you go through the question and try writing answer for this question because it will be really helpful for your mains examination okay and that's all for today's discussion. If you like this video do like share and comment and don't forget to subscribe to the Shankar IS Academy's YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.


Welcome to this overview of how to use library search. Library search is the easiest way to search the library's resources. Enter the search words into the library search box, then click on the search button. Library search will find all items in the library's collections that contain these search words both print and online. At the top of the results list you can see that this search though has produced too many results to review. Results can be refined by using the tools in the menu on the left of screen. In this example we'll limit the results to items that appear reviewed and were published in the last year. After checking the boxes beside each filter click the apply filters button. This reduces the number of results considerably. From the results list you can access online resources by selecting get PDF or read online or available online to access the article from your preferred database. Search results can be refined to include only books. Again check the filter box then click the apply filters button. The results list includes e-books as well as the shelf location of print books available for loan. For more help using library search visit the Murdoch University Library.


passes we have to stop for a second one of the interesting things about your career so to speak is that you're on the one hand you're a magician an entertainer and on the other hand you're bloody serious about people not telling their magicians because it's a better term actually and I do it for purposes of entertainment I'm an actor playing the part yeah of a magician okay and these people who do it for profit and as a swindle and Charlie different they're not related to me at all yeah that's the difference between the butcher and a surgeon all right and you already described with the content sorry just sleeping kind of compound it's for nervous sleeping disorder oh I have that all the time doctor please you want to check the other doctor to make sure that there's no children I think you're okay because you can stand yeah I'm a little wobbly but yeah I can stand all right but you are understanding my the other side I'm sure all right so would you to the doctor would you let the doctor seal the package here and I have a glass of water all correct here now some of the homeopaths say well you can't do this demonstration if you've had coffee within the hour before some of them say that you have to have the right attitude to have to read a statement about how well it works they all have all kinds of little ceremonies they want you to go to I haven't gone through one of the ceremonies I love to do and it's a problem they go out one by one I'm very patient yes here we go I'll see you in half an hour what is the ghost that you recommended two or three times a day one or two oh very good oh there yeah that should be a good 20 years so uh maybe 30 all right you got as much as I can possibly have I'm falling asleep yes already all right thank you ready maybe yeah you take that close up with that all right thank you all right


My name is James Lim. I'm the program director and chief of transplant surgery at Hackensack, UMC. I am board certified in general surgery and my specialty is transplant surgery, specifically kidney and pancreas transplant. I always tell patients, there's always three steps in getting a patient onto our transplant list. Insurance-wise, they have to have the right insurance to be able to afford the medications. We can be very expensive. They have to be healthy enough, so medical-wise, they have to be in good shape to undergo the transplant. And I think the most difficult part is what we call the psychosocial part. It's something that we can't really put a hat on a lot of times, but a lot of it has to do with compliance and the logistics of a patient being able to get to our center. And I think that is what fits so well here at Jersey Shure University Medical Center. Our goals here at the Jersey Shure University Medical Center and specifically in this local area is obviously to try to recruit patients who otherwise may not know that this is an option for them. I think they may get used to going other places further away. And I think once they know that they have the expertise and experience that we're able to offer them with the comfort of being able to do much of the testing and evaluation in their backyard at a hospital that they're very comfortable with, I think it's a win-win situation for them.