Dyma, mae'n ymwneud â'r mynd i roi, dyma'n dipyn sydd yn ymwneud i'r hwn. Byddwn i'r hyn i gymryd, dyma'r cyhoeddiwn darel hwn i wych wneud gyda'r cyhoeddiwyr cyhoeddi answeredorol, yn ymogi ar y nafnod o'u hynod o'r seisio a'n bod y cyhoeddiwn cyllidau gwneud. A dyma'n gwybod yn rusio a ddiwedd yn gwneud eu negotioedd. Dwi'n dweud yw'r negotioedd o fe'i bod am ddim yn fwy o'r ffainfôr deall. In fact, maybe all protection work is about negotiation. We're negotiating for access, as we'll discuss today, but we're also negotiating throughout day-to-day work with all the different partners, stakeholders, interests, communities to try and find pragmatic solutions for collective protection outcomes. In the context of the Housing, Land and Property Air of Responsibility, or the HLP AOR, negotiation is a key part of our work. For example, to support displaced people to be able to stay more securely on land, working with host communities, relevant authorities and others, negotiating power imbalance and different interests as we try and reduce the threats of eviction and make arrangements which increase the security for those staying on the land. Negotiation also features as a key part of the Global Protection Cluster's specialist programme on protection coordination, recognising the importance of negotiation in this training for protection cluster and air of responsibility coordinators and co-coordinators. For negotiation, there are technical aspects and there are relational aspects. We need to prepare and try to understand the context, the key actors, issues and interests. We need to know our own aims and goals and interests and what flexibility we might have. But as well as that, we need to build trust. We need to remember that we're working with people and so relationships are crucial for us to be effective. It's really fantastic to be working more with the Centre for Competence on Humanitarian Negotiation. They have recently joined the Global Protection Cluster's strategic advisory group and so it's really great to be working with them in this session today as well as in many other areas of the GPC's work. I'm really pleased to be able to hand over to our colleagues there, Fiorella Erni, who's the head of operations for the CCCHN and also Eugenia Lecal, operations and curriculum officer, both of who are going to take this through this very interactive and interesting session. So looking forward to it. Thanks for your attention. Thank you very much, Jim, also for this warm welcome and welcome everyone to this interactive session on negotiating access for protection. So as Jim has already said, my name is Fiorella. I am the head of operations at the Centre of Competence on Humanitarian Negotiation. I will first tell you a little bit more on humanitarian negotiation and who we are, and then we go straight into a simulation exercise. So be ready to actively participate to actually negotiate. This is not one of the sessions where you will kick back and listen to me. This is where I will actually listen to you and I'm sure I will have a lot of fun doing it. So very briefly on the CCHN, we are a strategic partnership between four agencies, the World Food Programme, UNHCR, Doctors Without Borders and the ICRC. And we enhance professional exchanges and peer learning among frontline humanitarian negotiators. So let's just make this very interactive from the beginning. I would like you to type in the chat your thoughts on what is humanitarian negotiations. Please give me some definitions in the chat just what pops into your head when you hear humanitarian negotiation. We have Hannah telling us negotiations for humanitarian access. Catherine, civil military dialogue towards protection, access access. We have an agreement on that, negotiating with armed groups. And now you're being too fast to me to read it all out loud. But I see we have already some very interesting points and maybe some people say also advocacy will come to that. Shorty. All right. Thank you very much for sharing your thoughts. I will share with you the textbook definition of humanitarian negotiation as it is also available in our field manual. And maybe you could put a link to the field manual in the chat for the colleagues. Now, humanitarian negotiations as we define it for our purpose is a set of interactions between a humanitarian organization and state or non-state factors that can be civilian or military to an armed conflict that aims at one establishing an organization in a conflict setting, ensuring access to vulnerable group, and then of course also providing assistance and protection to affected populations. Now, as Jim has already mentioned, there is a relational component to negotiations trust building. And then there is the more transactional component to our humanitarian negotiations, which is more about agreeing on the terms and the logistics of humanitarian operations. Now, one thing that is very important and negotiation in the humanitarian setting is a long term process. We built this relationships over a period of time and you can find all of this information in our field manual on page nine. Now, I want to talk to you very briefly about the essence of the negotiator or let's say the history of humanitarian negotiation, because negotiation in the humanitarian world is a very, very new concept. Maybe some of you have noticed that you don't really use the term negotiation. You might say, I'm going to meet XYZ to discuss or I'm going to explain or I'm coordinating, but we don't usually say I am going to negotiate. And that comes maybe a bit from this ancient understanding of a sense of entitlement of humanitarian organizations who will go meet the counterpart basically saying, well, you know, you have to give me access because our organization is mandated to assist victims of armed conflict. Now, while this might be right, your counterpart probably doesn't care too much about what you are mandated to do. And this is where negotiation is coming in. Also, there is this other dilemma, right, because we follow humanitarian principles. And even though some principles are non-negotiable, well, we somehow negotiate compromises to implement operations every day. And here we are in this dilemma because in a negotiation, both parties have to compromise. Otherwise, it is not a negotiation. So that is the dilemma that we are facing every day. And I'm sure any one of you can relate to that is that we want to adhere to our principles, but then also serve the vulnerable populations in the best possible way. Now, we at the CCHN, we have realized how much of a challenge it is to navigate this very fine line between adhering to principles and finding compromises, which is why our mission is to create a global community of practice of frontline negotiators from different agencies. At the moment, we have more than 4,000 field practitioners who are involved in our activities since 2016. And here is what we do. We capture and analyze negotiation practice. We do that through research while speaking with humanitarian practitioners such as yourself. Out of this research, we develop tools and methods. We create spaces where we can share negotiation experiences. We call our first encounter with humanitarians a peer workshop on frontline humanitarian negotiation, where you learn negotiation tools and also share and exchange with peers. And then you enter in what we call a global community of practice, where you continue exchanging and sharing with peers. And finally, we also do advisory support to agencies. Now, as I have promised today, we will be doing a simulation. So every single one of you will be negotiating today. And that obviously brings some considerations and ground rules. Now, first of all, as we have already said, there won't be any interpretation because logistically, that is too complicated if we have different languages in the room for the negotiation because we do not have at the moment interpreters to interpret your simulation.  And as we put you in small groups, it is really crucial that you can participate. So if this is not the case for you, then maybe this session is not the best session for you to participate in because you won't be able to actually communicate. You will have 20 minutes to prepare for a negotiation in your group, un-facilitated breakout groups, of course I will give you the scenario. Then you have 20 minutes for a negotiation, an actual negotiation with a counterpart. And then you have 15 minutes for a debrief in reflections in your group. And then we come back to plenary to discuss the way forward. Now I'm going to read to you, present to you the negotiation scenario. You will get these slides also in the chat, but I would really like to ask you to take notes while I'm speaking because you will notice that 20 minutes to prepare is an extremely short time for a negotiation. This is a fictif case that has been inspired by many conflicts around the world. So try not to associate it to one specific context and really go with the scenario. All right. Now you will be negotiating humanitarian access for protection in a country that is called Belgium. What do you know about this country? Well, you know that it is a landlocked country that has natural resources in the southwest down here. This area is currently controlled by an opposition group that is called the Liberation Front. Now here I'm just some words about the history and politics of this country. Now, Belgium had a civil war between 1958 and 1975, and then there was a flaring up of the war again in 2010. Until now we still have a civil war. Now, as you have seen, the government controls really the north of the country and most of the larger cities. And then we have the Liberation Front that controls the southwest where we also have most of the oil wells of the country. Now, as you can imagine, I'm sure the humanitarian situation in Belgium is quite difficult. So, since January 2021, they have been intensified air rates on the southwest of the country, hitting military and civilian targets. Now, therefore, most of the urban centers have been destroyed and people take refuge in improvised shelters and camps, such as you can see on this picture. The humanitarian situation in the shelters is very, very difficult and it is also infiltrated by members of the armed group, the Liberation Front. Now, we have reports that in this camp we have forced recruitment of children into the army by the Liberation Front. We know that boys aged 12 and over are already sent to the frontline as child soldiers. We know that also girls are recruited by the army that they are used for domestic work at the barracks and that they are heavily exposed to sexual violence when working in the barracks. Also, we have reports that there is increased domestic violence in the shelters due to a deterioration of the economic situation and the overall pressure. Now, you work for a humanitarian organization that is called We Are All People. You can also call it WAP or WAAP.  You have been operating in Benchikistan since long before the conflict, supporting primary healthcare and community centers. Now, here is your objective. You have done an assessment in one of the biggest IDP camps in the size west and you have decided to build a primary healthcare unit and the community center inside the camp. Now, it took you a very long time to obtain the green light from the camp management to do that. You know that the camp management is very closely affiliated to the Liberation Front. Now, that you have had the green light from the camp management, you find yourself confronted with a very influential but conservative community leader. His name is Mr Amun, who opposes your plans and refuses to give you access to implement your primary healthcare unit and the community center. Now, he is very much in favor of the primary healthcare unit as long as it does not administer contraceptive and abortion drugs that you would be giving to rape victims. He is also completely against the idea of you opening a community center. Now, this is what you think you know about this Mr Amun. Of course, you cannot say for certain, but these are your suppositions. You think that Mr Amun does not really understand what such a center is good for. You think that he is highly suspicious of western indoctrination of women and children. He has mentioned that on several occasions. He is also concerned that there might be negative reports about the Liberation Front coming out because the international community condemns the recruitment of teenagers into the army. And you are very much concerned that if also your counterpart is very much concerned that if reports about recruitment of child soldiers by the Liberation Front comes out, that would hamper the struggle for independence. Your counterpart is most likely also facing pressure from other male IDPs who don't want anyone to meddle in how they treat their wives and children.  And these is more factual. The other things you're just supposing that they're the case. First of all, the son of Mr Amun is a brigadier general in the Liberation Front, so he has a high ranking son in the Liberation Front. He is generally concerned of the well-being of what he considers to be his people. He really considers the people in the camp to be his people and he's concerned about his well-being. He very much believes that sticking to traditional values and ways of living are the only way for a community to function. He sees children as a mean to an end and the struggle of independence and he really believes that everyone has their duty and their share to pay for the struggle for independence. Now, while he very much values the opinions of his wife, he's definitely not of the opinion that women should have the same rights than men, that a woman's duty is to bear children and to support the struggle. Now, it may be that you will be negotiating with Mr Julius, but if Mr Julius is not available, you might be negotiating with his wife instead. So here are your objectives of the negotiation. You're meeting Mr Julius for the second time. You want to obtain his green light and support to open a primary health care unit and community centre to provide the following and note that down carefully. Public health services, clinical mental health and management of rape cases. Mental health support to women and children who have been exposed to violence. Recreational spaces and education for boys and girls. You also want to discuss with Mr Julius the problem of recruitment of boys and girls into the army and you want to obtain his support to start a protection dialogue with the liberation front around the recruitment of child soldiers. I suggest you take a quick screenshot of that because this is what you will be negotiating for. So let's come back to the timing. As I have mentioned before, we will send you now when I finish this presentation, we will send you for 20 minutes into breakout rooms. Some of you will be kept here in plenary because some of you will play the role of the counterpart of Mr Julius Simone. Anyone who is sent to the breakout room will be part of the humanitarian organisation work. You will be in groups of several people within this group. You decide what role you want to take on. You can be the head of mission for what you can be a medical doctor. You can be a nurse. You can be anything you want to be for once choose your role and position and decide how you want to organise and structure your negotiation. Decide who is going to be the negotiator who is going to take over when it comes to technical negotiations. After 20 minutes we will send two colleagues into your breakout room who will take on the role of Mr Julius Simone for his wife and the deputy. So you will have two people in your breakout room. Then you have 20 minutes to negotiate. After 20 minutes you will receive a pop-up message that is telling you to stop negotiating. Then you stop negotiating and then you take 15 minutes to debrief in the group where you tell each other between the counterpart and the humanitarian negotiator how you felt, what went well, what did not go well. Then we will come back to plenary for debrief. I will stop here. Welcome back negotiators and counterparts. Thank you. I hope you had interesting conversations. I see in some rooms there was some struggle with colleagues having bad connection. I'm not being able to talk but I still think you had a bit of an experience on the negotiations. We have about 10 minutes left. We would like to bring this a bit back to plenary, maybe some of the lessons learned that you have had in your breakout rooms. Things that you want to take away so I will then quickly go through each room. Maybe I can share and I've just shared this feedback also with the colleagues in our room. A few of the takeaways that we have had was very much on how do we build this trust with the counterpart from the very beginning. Now we have had a group and I've timed it who talked about seven minutes before actually giving the counterpart a space to talk or to listen. This is really where we want to say start every negotiation with listening. If you listen to your counterpart you know what's important to your counterpart and that's where you can connect with the person and start building this relationship of trust. Then I think the other important point that we took away from the conversation in our room is to be very careful with jargon and humanitarian terminology that we have to be careful about. At CCHN we have some very interesting tools to sort out the language of the negotiation. I will see how it went in the other rooms if there are any takeaways. Room 1 then was merged into room 5. Room 2, any observations or takeaways from room 2? Things that we have learnt is first of all getting the environment set up. Getting that link is quite challenging because in one side of the government is watching who is having any deal with the ripple. You have to set a highly confidential environment that is safe for both the ripple and the WAP organization. Remember there is a frequent air raid that happens so setting a venue itself is quite challenging because with a lot of fears and a lot of anxiety involved. Then using the community again, the community elder who will make the linkage again has to be protected or not exposed. Connecting that line, that community line is quite tedious but meeting a Julius, first setting the environment is more harder than meeting the Julius. Then when you meet the Julius, there are a lot of trust and the darkness that falls between the two parties again to overcome those fears, both known and unknown fears. Again because first of all for your security. If you are to communicate through a telephone line or through a community, it might not be easy because the lines might not be the same both of you. And then the best thing for you to ensure confidentiality is meeting face to face. Because remember the government gadgets, the US government and all these other security agents might be recording if you say you will use telephone or email or these things might intercept it. But the best thing is to meet face to face. And then face to face setting the venue again need to be highly confidential and then you have to overcome the fear, the known and unknown fear. And then you have to give him the surety that you're not getting any gadgets to record. Because these days anybody can have a hidden gadget to record the venue and then that might be setting up the leader. So himself, he has to give you an appointment and then he postpones to make sure that he investigates that all your evils and to do away with all that you are planning to do. And then if you meet again, he will not give you a straightforward answer. But he first understands what is your plan, and then he will give you an appointment on another day maybe after two months or one month. So basically those are some of the challenges that need to be tolerated so that a good relationship or a good rapport that is built on trust with confidence is generated and built so that afterwards is when now the real negotiation and the real pitch of each individual's character will come out. That is some of the things that you have seen in our conversation. Because when we made the videos, he welcomed us, but again he has to set another month. He said we came with the humanitarian principles of impartiality and political independence, all this. We said we are humanitarian, we are not lying to anyone. Our task is to alleviate the suffering of the community and that this will be purposely what we are coming for. So for him now to at least buy time and see that is true to what we are calling for. So he has to give us another time. Thank you very much Osman. Maybe I'll interrupt you here so we can also give some little space to the other rooms. Thank you for sharing your points. I want to see if Stephanie is here from Room 7. If there are any points or lessons or takeaways from your room. Yes, thank you so much. It was not an easy negotiation. We actually tried to establish what I was a negotiator and we were trying to negotiate with Julius. We have seen what my colleagues actually put on before. There is no trust between Julius and the humanitarian institutions that are coming in. Julius was so much involved on full of sufficient that we talk about establishing about the mental health care. He was thinking if we come in with it, we may change his action. The children mind not to focus on their revolutions. So we tried actually to clear his mind that it is not what we are. He was also thinking if we come in, if we allow us to come in at the end of the day, we may be reporting about the child violations. Again, we were panicking on the negotiation because if we respond to it, it may not allow us. So we told him no, there's nothing of such. We are not going to investigate any situation that is going. What we are is to help the people who are in need. So somehow I need to put across that in every negotiation involving like this, there's no trust between us, with the humanitarians and the communities we're trying to help. Otherwise, German is also there. You can also put a point there. Thank you very much. Angus is also one of our community members. I'll hand over to you also for a final word. Please go ahead. Well, that Mr Julius son is a general is an important fact to take advantage of the army probably needs to protect the to project the idea that it respects human rights to gain international validation. That is a very valuable starting point for trying to reduce child recruitment. Thank you very much. And unfortunately, I cannot give you the floor because we're already over time and I have to close here. I would like to thank all of you for joining the simulation this afternoon. I hope you had some fun trying this out. Do feel free to join one of our peer workshops where you would learn all the tools that you need to plan for a negotiation to analyze this network of influence what you just mentioned. Angus, of course, how we can build trust and then engage in the transaction while learning from your peers. We would be very happy to see you during one of our events and hopefully you would also join our community of practice of frontline negotiators to stay in touch. We are available at the CCHN and we hope to see maybe also some of you during the CCHN will summit on frontline humanitarian negotiation that will be taking place next week. All information is available on our homepage. Thank you very much to the Global Protection Cluster for having invited us here and we're wishing you a very good continuation with further sessions. Have a wonderful rest of the day.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards, ripping 22 Panini Capstone baseball hobby eight box half case break, number two picker team style. We'll read off a list of our names and teams. Aaron M. Astros, Adam P. Athletics, Brian F. Orioles, Darren G. Rockies and Royals, Ed B. Phillies, Frank M. Nationals, Jason H. Cubs, Jerry B. Marlins, John B. Cardinals, Jonathan Q. Red Sox, Joseph D. Pirates, Kevin K. Angels, Liz C. Twins, Matthew B. Diamondbacks, Tigers Dodgers, Matthew N., White Sox, Reds, Yankees, Nathan K., Blue Jays, Ray G. Mariners, Roy M. Braves, Satoshi K. Padres, Scott T. Reyes, Timothy C. with the Guardians, Tony K., Giants and Troy D., Brewers, Mets and Rangers. Good luck, everybody. Let's go ahead and get started. What's up, Jim? How you doing, man? Gotta can imagine Jason and Vancouver, how cold it was. Good Lord. Jossie Elvis, Big Bang, and Castellanos. There's Pitilanzo, Peak Materials. Oh, Peak Auto. Nice, going to the Mets. There we go. I thought that was gonna be a jersey, but not number, nice puller break. Let's go. That's so awesome, Jim. Dude, I'm so hyped, man. Those Kenneth Walkers are so nasty.  Kyle Muller on the dual jersey. Nice one there for the Braves. Got it, man. Thanks for buying in. It was your first random team break here. We needed to treat you well. Bryce Harper, Royce Lewis, New Age. He's finally good. Who that, Royce Lewis? I like using the miners forever. Curtis Terry, 11 out of 75 for the twins. Already brought into the next one. There we go, Jim. I'm hyped, dude. I'm 10 baht, Tuesdays are my night. So I'm excited, man. There's Patrick Mazzica. That is rookie dual jersey for the Mets. Yeah, this is a pick your team, so people picked what team they wanted to purchase, and they got all the cards from that team. New Age, J-Rod rookie. Oh yeah, something cool in NT, man. Hopefully, dude. Hopefully, hopefully, hopefully. There's Kevin Smith, rookie auto, eight of 10. Three of 10, excuse me for the eight. It's a nice one there. Déjà vu is Ryan Sandberg, Jose Altuve. One, two, three, left, four, five, six, right. We'll go for the rest of the break. It's gonna be eight, two. We're gonna go to the left with Ryan Sandberg. So Déjà vu's, we'll all go to the player and team on the left side. Déjà vu, that'll go to the left with Fernando Tatis. Top tee-hop, long time no see tee-hop. What's up, man? One-on-one, Ozzy Albies, probably the biggest hit so far. We hit that in the last half-case. Oh boy, gotta go for the Browns. Oh, geez. Oh, geez, man. Alex Thomas, have you played? No. You haven't? You won't play so bad though. They don't have it on PS5. Have you seen some of the audio in it, dude? Yeah, bro, I have. Louis Seal. It's been like, I was one there for the Yanks. They've been leaking gameplay for a while a bit. Wander Red. Déjà vu, George Brett, Bobby Bitt. I really thought it was gonna come out for PS5 and when he did it, I was so sad. I love it. Like in the beginning when he's like, just start hitting the button and shooting them. He paused the game. He goes, he goes, really? You paused the game?  What game has ever the pause button been the shoot button? I love games like that. So funny. Or like, I don't even know how you would describe that. There's Bobby Witt. Peek Autos. Nice one there. That's going to the Royals. Congrats, KC. Two Bobby Witts in this full case. Nice one there. That's awesome, dude. That is an awesome card. So clean. Can you mag that one, I would say. Also, the Déjà Vu's go left. Déjà Vu's go left. Yes, hi, I'm live. That's what it is. Hi, I'm live. I couldn't think of the name. But I like how you knew exactly what I was talking about, too. There's Adam Frazier, new age materials for the Mariners. Started talking about gaming. Working more than half a month. Professor Torcal said new age, Rick. Sorry. Sorry. Corey Seeger to 75 for the Rangers. Yeah, that's what we were just talking about, Jonathan. Yeah. I have a PS5 as well. No, we don't keep anything. Everything's for our customers. Unless we buy something off a customer. New age, CJ Abrams, which will happen from time to time if people want to sell it to us. Joe Perez, capstone auto for the Astros. Show head. The Grom Velo. I have a friend who got PS5 for Christmas. That's good. That's how he's fine. And I can finally like, I mean, not that I couldn't buy a PS4, but like, just makes it so much easier. Yeah, it's more convenient. Link is in the bio. Dean, it's latinsportscards.com. latinsportscards.com to join group breaks. We do ship worldwide. That is Joe Adele, peak jersey auto, not number for the Angels. These are cool. I like the jumbo jersey autos. Yeah, these two, I like to see one of a nasty name. Show head, not numbered on the crest.  So dumb. Yeah. Austin Riley to 75. They really made me buy an Xbox to play Halo when I was a kid. Yeah, they did. And then they really made me buy a PS5 to play Spider-Man. Yep, they did. They really did.  Cause they knew suckers like me would literally buy anything. Do it. What's up, Pokemon X? Yeah man, we're very excited for some Bozaiac a little bit later. Bozaiac's one of my, one of my best. You say hobby. One of the first ones that got me into collecting. Yeah, honestly, it's a good one. They made it a standalone product. It kind of became like a flagship switch from Xbox to PlayStation for MLB. And now it's back on Xbox too. It was Ryan Belade. Oh yeah, I forgot what MLB was. Rookie Duel Jersey for the Rockies.  Like all my friends got so good at it. And then it came over. And they all like, I just got absolutely swamped in 21 when like me and all my roommates got it. And four of them have playstations. So they have been playing MLB for the last 10 years. 2011. And then what's it called? I get it.  And I would just trash. There's Edward Cabrera, Duel Jersey for the Marlins. I think MLB the show is like kind of not saving baseball, but like I think it really helps the MLB. Like I think MLB the show is one of the biggest contributors to fans liking baseball right now. Absolutely. Show's awesome dude. This is Patrick Mazzica. Crown auto to 99 for the Metz. It's pretty good, I would say. I'm no complaints on it so far. I wanna see a case hit. That's just the only thing we're really missing right now. Two Bobby Whits came out of this case though. So can't really complain too much about that. New Age O'Neill Cruz. I will never complain about a Bobby Whits part. No, not God, no. Same here. There's Jake McCarthy, Rookie Duel Jersey for the Diamondbacks. Nice, Hunter Green, Capstone, Rookie Otto. That's two, 25. There we go, congrats Reds. Nice one there. Yeah, exactly. It's not as much pay to win on the show. It's very, very skill based. But the best players have the best teams. True. Four of the teams that they're really good with, you know what I mean? Yeah. That's so bad at putting teams together. Alejo Lopez to 49 for the Reds. Like, I like, I would always get Craig Vigio, no matter what, whatever card he had. That'd be my starting second baseman though. No like, Hey fans of butts. Yep, exactly. I think you should, Ed. I think you should. Transcendent is gonna be not, just look up the checklist and look at the cuts, man. If you wanna be blown away, George Washington has a cut. George Harrison and John Lennon both have cuts. Are you doing random hit styles? Yes, random hit style. Wow. So you have a one in 20 shot? One in 36 shot. Oh, 36 to a break? Wonderfronco, 36 to a break, yeah. It is 125 a box. 125 a box. Cuts in, Bowman transcendent, which comes out tonight. Or not, well, it comes out today. We're doing group breaks of it tonight. Forrest is breaking tonight. Forrest is breaking tonight, and then Forrest and I are breaking together tomorrow night. Teosca Hernandez, that is dual jersey for the Blue Jays. Now a Mariner. Who's part of that trade, right? Which one? O'Neal Cruz, Gold, Foil, Rookie. Which one are you talking about? You just gotta trade two of the Marinerers. Yeah, from the Blue Jays, right? Yeah, yeah. There's Manuel Rodriguez for the Cubs to 99. Crown Rookie Otto. He was the only real name that I recognized. Yeah, I mean, I think he was like the centerpiece of it, basically. Oh yeah, the goat duo is breaking tomorrow. You know it. The goat duo is breaking tomorrow. Okay, you're talking me into it. I didn't take much, Ed. So now decide which one do you pick. Well, what's your lucky number? One through 20. You got 20 different breaks you could buy into. Cody Belanger to 75. Dodgers. We don't need to do recap for this one. I'm just gonna skip it. Alex Bregman's Summit. Don't know if you can wait till. I literally will sing if we pull the Chester Bennington cut. I don't even care. I will go full-on concert if we pull the Chester Bennington cut, dude. Full-on Lincoln Park concert. I don't even care. There's Matt Manning, that is rookie jersey for the Tigers. Yeah, no blue steel, no graffiti yet. Yeah, no case hits yet. Victor Robles, dual jersey nationals. City Connect right there. Yeah, we'll be doing F1 breaks once it comes out. We got pushed. They were supposed to come out Wednesday, but it did end up getting pushed. But yeah, we will be doing F1 breaks once they're in. Once it's released, then we get them in. Zoolander. I've never seen Zoolander. I haven't either, actually. Nick Fortez for the Marlins. Crown rookie auto. Grats, Marlins. I'm gonna get destroyed for that. I need to watch it. Is there a new F1 product coming out? Yeah, Chrome. Yeah, like flagship Chrome. It was supposed to come out Wednesday and got pushed. So probably till not after the new year. Well, obviously till not after the new year. This is MJ Melendez for the Royals. Yeah, I love those types of movies too with Farrell. J-Rob. Who is the guy from Nightingale Museum out of Ben Stiller? Yeah. He's a beast. I love Ben Stiller. Dodgeball, bro. He's so good at dodgeball. Dodgeball is like one of my favorites. There's a cut auto subject in Transcendent that is in that movie. Who? I think, yeah, who would it be? AJ Alexey, rookie dual jersey for the Rangers. F1 Chrome pushed to 1-4. That makes sense. Debbie, I can even see it getting pushed again, to be honest. David Bowie, gotcha, gotcha, gotcha. There's Jake Lats for the Rangers. Crown auto not numbered. Nicoladolo, capstone, rookie auto not numbered for the Reds. Congrats, Reds. 30 out of 70. That was accidentally put in there. Garrett Cole to 75. Yeah, the higher ups at tops are like, all right, Ed just joined a break. Gotta make sure he gets the hit we randomly inserted accidentally, Royce Lewis, New Age. David Bowie's really cool. I think the coolest might be Steve McQueen for us. That's pretty lit, dude. You said it was left, right? Yes, yes. Steve McQueen and Sean Connery are really cool on there. I'm in on those. Hunter Harvey, dual jersey for the Nationals. Nice one there, Nats. McQueen would be awesome, dude. There's Royce Lewis, capstone, rookie auto for the Twins. Nice one there. Ooh, I wanna hear it, yeah, Forrest, I'm in. I'm in. I'm in on your Sean Connery impression. Impression? Yeah. It's a little culinary. Scott, I don't even think that James Bond is my favorite Sean Connery movie. Really? I don't know what is. Indiana Jones. Oh, all right, fair enough. Which one was he in? The second and the third. Maybe just the third one? Plain auto. I think the second one, too, though. Backwards. He's Indiana Jones' dad. Gotcha. There you go, boo. Nealich Big Bang. There's Rossiola Glacius. The Angels, not number New Age Jersey. Yeah, that new Indiana Jones movie's gonna be fire. When's that come out? I think it's out from the year. Nice, really. Who's gonna be Indiana? Not Ford anymore, I'm assuming. Yeah. Wow. Hey, Polanco. Peek Jersey for the twins. I mean, he's in the movie. Is he Indiana Jones? Uh-huh. That's impressive, man. That's really impressive. There's Alec Thomas for the Diamondbacks. The backwards, not numbered. Cool. That was a troll and a half. God, Christian Bentoncourt. Peek Jersey Auto for the Rays. Nice one there, Rays. I've never been a huge Mission Impossible fan. I don't dislike them. But I have a friend who's like, obsessed with Mission Impossible movies. Big Mission Impossible guys. Yeah, and I know a couple people like that. Yeah. And I would not consider myself one of those people. Yeah, no, that's fair.  It's like any big movie franchise. Yeah. Brendan Donovan, Capstone, Rookie Auto IV, the Cardinals. No case hit so far. See if we'll get it in this last box. Hopefully. Jeremy Peña to 99. Nice one there for the Astros. There's Rodolfo Castro, base. They have a Peek horizontal auto, a Peek horizontal. JD Davis for the Max. Jersey, a Peek vertical Jersey auto. Yup, oh yeah. There's the Peek a lot. Yeah, Peek is big in that for sure. Peek is big. Jay Rod, New Age. Vidal Bruhan, Rookie Jersey for the Rays. There's Kyle Tucker. Two to go guys. Josiah Gray, gonna be your Capstone base rookie auto. Nice one there. Go Rays. Gotta do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill. Next up, we've got another half case.


The 1988 Super Bowl champions, the Washington Redskins, and Mr. Doug Williams. Thank you. Thank you all very much. I'd like to welcome the winners of the 22nd Super Bowl, the Washington Redskins and your coach Joe Gibbs. Welcome to the White House. fellas what else is there to say but hailed the Redskins? You know I noticed that some of your fans painted their faces half red and half yellow, some of the more hog noses, some even climbed lampposts. My staff told me that that wouldn't be very presidential, but may make no mistake about it I'm just as enthusiastic as your fans. The Redskins didn't simply enter the history book Sunday night, they rewrote them. And so doing you gave new meaning to the term capital offense, setting 14 Super Bowl records. And if you will allow me a minute I'd like to list a few of the more impressive individual records. Timmy Smith, 204 yards rushing and two touchdowns. Ricky Sanders, 193 yards receiving the most combined yards, 235 and two touchdowns. And Doug Williams, the Super Bowl most valuable player with one of the most inspiring performances displayed by any quarterback in football history. 340 yards passing the longest completion in Super Bowl history, 80 yards. That breaks one record and four touchdown passes in one quarter. And that breaks one record and ties two others. Way to go, Doug. You recently showed the world how to overcome adversity and did it with style and grace. That is noisy, isn't it? Probably on his way to Denver. But as Dexter Manley might point out, and a happy belated birthday Dexter, this wasn't a victory accomplished solely on individual feats. No, it was the teamwork of a well-coached organization. This is exemplified by the five team Super Bowl records set Sunday night. So congratulations go to Joe Gibbs and his excellent coaching staff. And Joe, if I could just add one personal criticism, having spent a share of my life in show business, couldn't you have saved some of those thrilling moments in the second quarter for the last 10 minutes of the fourth quarter so we could have a big curtain? But seriously, I'm sure all the Redskins joined me in congratulating the Denver Broncos on a fine season. Being number two in the NFL is also something to be proud of. There probably isn't a classier organization to win that runner-up position. Coach Reeves, John Elway, and the rest of the Broncos are true sportsmen. But today, tomorrow, and the entire year, belong to the victorious Redskins and your loyal fans who, thanks to you, are in hog heaven. Once again, congratulations, Redskins, and God bless you. On behalf of the Redskins, I want to thank the president. And we really feel like that this was a total team and family effort for the Redskins.  It was all of us pulling together. It was special teams. It was our defense, played absolutely superb. Our offense, it was our owner, Jack Kent Cook, Bobby, getting the talent, and our coaching staff, which I'm very thankful for, and most assuredly, all the fans. Everybody out there that belongs to the Redskins family pulled together and helped us get this. And we really did it as America. The same thing is a team effort by every single person in the family. And we thank you very much and thank you, President. As a small token of appreciation from the Washington Redskins, we would like to present a small present to President Reagan, making him an official member of the Redskins family. And thanks to everybody out there, we're going to give President Reagan a Washington Redskins jersey. I play right guard. First of all, on behalf of the Washington Redskins and the President, I'd like to tell him one thing. This is a long ways from Zachary. But I have a token of appreciation also. It's Super Bowl 22 football with both teams engraved on the Washington Redskins and Denver Bronco. I'm going to give it to the President up on the one circumstance that he run the right plate. And the player's trips right, fake zoom, Larry Chris Cross. And he got to throw it. Where's Ricky Sanders? How do you think that Jersey will look on the President when he gets to the summit? I came up with a solution that we're going to renegotiate the President contract for four more years. And congratulations to


This is stock number 10972. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used SUV headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2015 GMC Yukon XL SLT. This vehicle has the 5.3 liter V8 motor. It has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this vehicle is 100% ready to go. Champagne Silver is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. If you'd like to check out all the photos on this GMC in the upper right hand part of the screen is a link right to our website. Click that and check us out there. This one comes with the 20 inch polished aluminum rims. Really nice shape on those rims. It has Pirelli Scorpion 275 55R20 tires with probably about 60-70% of the tread left on them. Front fender is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. This one does come with the LED running lights, the projector lamp headlamps, and you get the factory fog lights down there. Front bumper, pretty nice condition. It does have a couple little nicks on it, but that's why we do the videos. We want to make sure that you're getting the most accurate representation. It does have a little bit of a ding there, but other than that, very nice. The hood is in excellent shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. Headlight lenses are nice and clear and you do get that chrome trim to grill there. Passengers side front fender, excellent condition as well. And the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the vehicle, take a note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. So that when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fast Pass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here, all you've got to do is drive the vehicle, love it. You'll be all set to go. Back rim is in nice shape as well. And the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. As we come around to the back of the vehicle, rear bumper is in excellent shape. Didn't see any dents, dings or scratches on that. Back up parking sensors, full towing package, which includes receiver hitch and seven pin wiring. We do have the cover for that, which I'll show you in just a second. The rear gate, nice condition as well. And you do get the LED running lights and the tail lamps as well. This is a power lift gate. You can see that goes up nice and smoothly. Back storage area is very clean. And there is your receiver hitch cover. These seats are powerful down with the buttons right here. You just press these two down and watch how fast these things go down. They go down very nice and flat and they come up very fast as well. To get this rear gate down, just press this button here that comes on down like so. This does have a flipper glass as well. Just press the button underneath here and that'll go up like so. Which is nice if you've got stuff in the back and you got a boat or a camper on there and you can't get that gate open. It's nice to be able to get to your stuff even though you have a trailer on there. Back quarter is in nice shape as well. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Down the rest of the side of the Yukon. No dents in the doors. Very, very clean. Does have the heated mirrors with the built-in directional signals. Blind spot monitoring. You get the intelligent key. Inside the SLT package gives you the tan leather interior. There are no rips. There are no tears on the seats. Really nice shape. Both of these seats are heated. Both of these seats are cooled. We have a really nice set of factory all-weather floor mats. Over here we got a lot of stuff going on. You've got auto headlamps, turned-out four-wheel drive, factory brake controller.  You can turn those off and on. You got power telescopic and tilt steering wheel. You also have audio controls on the back of the steering wheel there as well. Power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. They also power fold in. I always like showing that both sides are working so that you know that all the functions of the vehicle are in proper working order. Memory driver's seat and it does have sound. As we hop inside here you can see that this one has 71,112 miles. You get the digital speedometer. Instrument cluster is digital as well. Very nice and clean. Comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel. Bluetooth and information center controls on the right. Cruise controls on the left. Heated steering wheel button and your forward collision warning. This one has the six-speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. GMC IntelliLink system, AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. It also has the factory navigation system on here. This is also where your backup camera shows up and it does have a hideaway storage area and back there with a USB charger. You also get your CD player down here.  Heated and cooled seat buttons and your push button start. Speaking of the key fob you do get remote start and that power rear gate button. Passengers side, floor mat, and seat are in excellent shape as well. No rips or tears on there and it does have the power sunroof which is a really nice feature. Up here you have your rear gate controls as well as your home link buttons for your garage security system and lighting systems and map lights, SOS, and on-star capabilities in that review mirror. And we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. Very nice and clean inside. Back seats are just as nice. No rips or tears on these guys. These back seats are heated as well. Captain's chairs, all-weather floor mats, carpetings in really nice shape. Get the rear air controls. Yellow, white, and red hookup. USB SD card, aux jack, and then a 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in, and another 12 volt power point. So this one does have the dual Blu-ray players or the dual screens I should say. That's a really nice feature as well. These seats do fold up like so and like that. To get to that third row, back seats are in excellent condition as well. No rips or tears back there. Really nice shape. Those seats go up nice and easy. Has a really nice door trim. Bottoms of the doors all look really good. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this Yukon XL is inside and out. Under the hood we have the 5.3 liter V8 motor. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. This Yukon has been fully safety inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this vehicle is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this GMC or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it we got it. Go to our website right in the upper right hand part of the screen, www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.youtube.com slash www.summitauto.com. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. The link to more GMC Yukon XL videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those checks out and we are super excited to help you with this extremely clean 2015 GMC Yukon XL SLT in Champagne Silver Metallic. Thanks again.


Now people across the state closely watch the race for control of Minnesota's 8th congressional district. Pete Stauber beat out Crosby native Joe Rodinovic for the seat left open after the retirement of Rick Nolan. Reporter Rachel Johnson was at Rodinovic's election night watch party and she has more. Family and supporters of Joe Rodinovic gathered at the Arrowwood Lodge in Baxter Tuesday night to watch results come in. This is the end of a long several months of effort and I think everybody is ready for election season to be over but we're feeling cautiously optimistic tonight it's gonna be a very close race we expect. As results started to come in, Pete Stauber the Republican candidate from the Duluth area took an early lead. It really comes down to kind of maybe specific places in certain counties and maybe you know we want to hit a certain number in St. Louis County but every election is a little bit different. The current congressman from the 8th district was there to support the candidate who previously worked for his campaign. He ran a very good campaign, strong campaign, positive on the issues. Protecting social security, protecting Medicare, getting health care, prescription costs under control. The Rodinovic team remained hopeful as the night progressed even as Stauber held on to his lead. I'm still confident for Joe. My election contest 16, 14, 12, we were always about this far behind at this point in the night. At around 1140 Rodinovic trailing addressed the crowd not conceding but thanking his supporters for the help that they gave him along the way. This is a close race. We have many precincts left to go but there is no doubt that it looks like the odds will be long. When all precincts in the 8th district were in Pete Stauber had solidified his win with 51% of the votes to Rodinovic's 45%. We know that even if it's a loss, that we are not defeated. That the things that we stand for are not defeated. That the ideals that we hold are not defeated. That the values that we stand for are not defeated. While the Rodinovic team was disappointed, he thanked his supporters and was hopeful for the future. We are going to get back up and we're going to keep fighting because our community requires it because our state requires it and because our country requires it. We have an opportunity to stand up and to keep fighting on behalf of every child growing up across the state to fight on behalf of a better future for everybody to fight on behalf of the idea that our best days are yet to come. Reporting from Baxter, Rachel Johnson, Lakeland News and Pete Stauber will become the second Republican in 20 70 plus years to be elected to represent Minnesota's eighth congressional district. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hello everyone, my name is Melissa Armo. I own a company called the Stock Swoosh and I day trade the US stock market. I use one method, it's based on stock scaphing. If you'd like more information or if you'd like a trial to my live trading room, you can email me at melissa at thestockswoosh.com. The trading room is only open in the morning. In fact, the trading room's open from 8.30 to 11 a.m. and some days if I'm done trading by 10, 10, 15, 10, 30 then that's it, then I shut down the room. I usually do one trade a day and I do the trade and then I teach a little bit after the room and we look at what's coming up for tomorrow. So it's a very nice strategy, the one that I do based on stock scaphing because you can be in and out of the trade very quickly and you can have the rest of the day yourself and the rest of the evening to yourself as well. For more information, email me at melissa at thestockswoosh.com.


Hello and welcome to this session in which we'll discuss the AI CPA data criteria, which in 2020 it outlined three criteria for defining, documenting and evaluating a dataset. It was a brochure or guidance that's issued by its insurance services executive committee and the title of the report was criteria for describing a set of data and evaluating its integrity. And in my opinion, if the AI CPA has given you certain criteria about data and data has been examined on the CPA exam, I strongly suggest we go over this and go over it in detail just to make sure we cover all our bases. So they establish three criteria. The first one is the purpose of the dataset in the description. Simply put, you got to tell us what's the purpose of the dataset in the description criteria to the description of the set of data is complete and accurate and we're going to see what criteria one criteria two and criteria three basically state that the description highlights any missing information. So what the AI CPA is saying that for the data to be a good data, it has to have those criteria. Before we proceed any further, I have a public announcement about my company, farhatlectures.com. Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation, as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures, multiple choice questions, true-false questions, as well as exercises. Go ahead, start your free trial today, no obligation, no credit card required. Starting with criterion one, it emphasizes the importance to include the purpose of the dataset in the description. So simply put in the description, description means in the metadata. Metadata is the data about the data. If you don't know where the metadata is, please look at the prior recording. Metadata means tell me about the data. Well, the first thing you want to tell me is what is the purpose of this data because it's going to allow me to assess its relevance to the need of whatever I'm doing. Because data could be collected for a single specific purpose or a data could be collected for multiple purposes. I need to know what's the purpose of this data. For example, a single purpose data could be sales collected by a retail store for the sole purpose of tracking sales daily and analyzing the performance of different product. That's a single specific purpose. That's why you selected the data. Or you could have a data multiple purpose data. For example, credit card transaction data could be used by credit card company to monitor account activity and deduct fraudulent transaction. It could also be used by credit bureaus to determine credit worthiness. It could also be used by merchants to analyze spending pattern and improve their sales strategies to basically promote what they need to promote the value. It could also be used by financial institution to offer personalized loans and investment advice to customer. So notice it's the same data but it's used for different purposes. I need to know why was the data collected because that's going to give me an idea for the purpose of it initially. What was the original purpose because you might collect the data for one purpose and use it for something else. I need to know this or was it collected for this specific purpose. So you need to know this. Now we're going to look at criterion two and criterion two are going to have many steps. Criterion two basically state that we need to have a complete and accurate description of the data set including the following elements. So I'm going to list those elements and some of the elements I combined for simplicity which is precision, units, population and sample, fields and records, or record, yeah fields and records, sources, time, uncertainty, and filters. Now I'm going to go over each of these criteria separately, not criteria. These are descriptions separately to meet the criterion number two. It means the data should be complete and accurate. Starting with precision. What is precision? It's how accurate you are. Well how accurate you are. Well it all depends. The required level of accuracy and the data may differ depending on the purpose and the goal of the analysis. What does that mean? For example, if you are performing analytical procedures and a thousand dollar range might be sufficient. So if you're doing and depending on how large is the company but if you are computing the current ratio, if you are computing the change in sales from year to year and we're dealing with you know millions of dollars, a thousand dollar accuracy is not an issue. However, if you are preparing a bank reconciliation, well now we need to require a more precise measurement. We have to go down to the penny. So the accuracy and precision should be aligned with the specific need of the analysis. So inserting data we have to be precise and others not. So the precision depend on the need. For example, you know when we have those political survey they would say it's a plus or minus error, a plus or minus three as a margin of error. That's acceptable. Survey of public opinion, that could be the case. However, if we are conducting a scientific experiment using data for that, we may require specific measurement to the third or fourth decimal. So we have to be extremely extremely accurate and specific. So precision depends on the data and the use of that data. But we need to know what is the precision that we are using. Also we need to know about the units because we're using numbers. The measurement unit of the data element are important to be are important because we have to specify what are we using without knowing the unit. We don't know. What are we dealing with US dollar? Are we dealing with a Japanese yen? Are we dealing with euros? Because it does make a difference. A currency can be expressed in many forms, dollar, pounds, euros, even within currency. For example, are these numbers in thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions, so on and so forth. So it's crucial to state the measurement of unit for each field. And we're going to see what field is to ensure accurate interpretation of the data. So we need to know, I'm looking at numbers, but what do they really represent? And really, this is very similar to the monetary unit assumption that we discuss when we study basic accounting or intermediate accounting. Numbers has to be expressed in monetary monetary unit. Numbers has to have a specific currency. Also, we need to discuss population and sample. What is a population and what is a sample? The population is the entire group of the units that we aim to describe or predict. So that's the whole population, everything. A sample, on the other hand, could be a small part of this group. A sample, you sample, you don't, for example, you don't, you don't, you don't test everything. Okay. So the sample versus the population, we need to understand with the advancement of big data. Now it's very common to have samples that have, that include all the population. So now when we sample, because of technology, we can have the whole thing. We don't have to sample. We can take a look at the whole data. So when we do sample, we have to be careful when we do sampling and collecting everything. Even in big samples, some numbers of the population might be missing. Now why they could be missing? If we're, let's assume we are collecting sales. Maybe some sales were not recorded. Maybe missing data due to failure due to technical difficulties. So we have to be aware of this. The auditor must determine if the samples still meet the audit objective. Because when we say we are treating the whole population as a sample, we want to make sure the whole population indeed include all the population and nothing is missing. Also, we need to know the difference between what a field is, a record and a table. So I'm going to start with, usually everyone starts with talking about fields, go from fields to record and go to table. I'm going to go the opposite way. So this is a table. I'm going to, you know, we're going to break it down. This is a table. This is a table for customer, customers. It includes the first name of the customer, last name, the street, the street number, the address name, city, state, zip code, phone, tax ID, date of birth, and whether this customer is a local, considered local for us or non-local. So this is the table, including everything, including the name, everything. Now within this table, we have record. For example, we have a record for Adam. We have three records, record for John and record for Mark. What is a record? A record is a group of related fields or attributes and these are all attributes, first name, last name, addresses, phone number, stacks, ID. So a collection of all of those would create a record. So this is, so let me highlight the record in yellow, this way you would see it. So this is one record, one record in that table. Okay. And it happens to be for a customer. Now when we say an entity, just kind of, just know that describe a single instant of an entity. Sometime we could use the word table, we could use the word entity, but if we're dealing with a day, completed database, we're dealing with a table. So it's basically the same thing. Now within this record, okay, within this record, we have the actual name, we have the data value name, first name, first name, last name, the number of the street, name of the street, the city, the state, so on and so forth. A data value is a specific value found within a field which can consist of a single character, such as yes or no, multiple characters, such as a date, text and numbers. Now these are the values. They could be taxed, for example, under the zip code, they can only accept numbers. Under the phone, they can only accept numbers, including this format. Under the tax ID, it's a two digit, then a dash, then one, two, three, four, five digits. So it's programmed that way. So the fields are specific, date of birth has to be, it has to be presented this way, two, two digit month, two digit, two digit day and four digit year. Okay, so those are specific, those are, those are the data value in the specific field. Now what is a field? That's the field. Now a field and a data structure refer to group of character. Now these are 555 is a group of character, Farhat is a group of character, Main Street is a group of character that represent a characteristic of an entity.  So again, this is a field, this is a field, this is a field, this is a field, and each field could have numeric or text or yes or no, then if you combine all the fields will give you a record. If you combine all the records, you will get a table. Okay, so the data has to be organized that way to be a good data. Sources of data, that's important, because when you're performing data analytics, your conclusion is as good as your data, and your data is as good as the sources of that data. So it's crucial to identify the source of the data in order to evaluate its reliability and credibility, because if the data is no good, it doesn't matter how good is your analysis. So the credibility of the data from a client management that's deemed trustworthy will be higher than the credibility of the data from a client management that's considered unreliable. So I need to take a look, where is the data coming from? So the description of the data source should be clear and specific also to enable the reproduction. If I want to go back and do exactly what you did, if I want to go back to the source, I should be able to do so. A user should be able to recreate the data by using the description of the data source and access in the source. Now bear in mind sometime we get the data, then we clean it, we extract it, and we'll talk about this later on, but then that's different. But what I'm saying, the original data should be the same. Also, we need to know about data uncertainty or variability. What is variability? The degree of variability and uncertainty present in data element and their population can be indicated through various measures. The best way to explain variability or uncertainty in data is to use, for example, I always use class average. So let's assume I have two classes, class A and class B, and both they have an average of 75. In class A, I could have the following sets of grades. One get 90, 20, 30, 95, 92. So the grades would look something like this. In other words, some high, really high grades and some really low grades. Then in class B, so I have class B here, under class B, the grades look something like this, 74, 76, 75, 78, 74. So notice here, I'm going to have an average of 75, but the grades are all clustered around each other, clustered around the average. They both have an average of 75, but A is more variable. The grades varies. So that's what the degree of variability. Now, how would you study or how would you compute the degree of variability? You can compute the standard deviation. All what you need to know is we need to know what's the degree of variability in the data, or sometime in the margin of error in polling, we kind of mentioned this. For example, in margin of error of plus or minus 3% at 95 confidence level indicate that if a survey was conducted 100 times, the result will be 3% of the true population value 95% of the times. So you're not sure, but you have some variability. You want to measure that variability. Time is important. The temporal aspect of data is crucial for its interpretation and application. When did you get that data? What period does it cover? Knowing the time frame of the data. Enable the user to determine if it's complete or additional data is needed. So for example, if you're analyzing a crime data, it's important to know the time period. Is it during the night? Is it during the day? Such as the number of reported crime in a specific year or quarter, in which quarter is this happening mostly in the spring and the summer and the winter? That's relevant data. When did it happen? When did it happen? Okay, so the information can give an insight into trends and pattern in crime over time and help inform decision. For example, law enforcement about crime prevention and law enforcement strategies. For example, if it's happening from 8pm till 3am, well, if that's the case, if most of the crime are reported in this period, then we know we need more police officers or more law enforcement power during that time. For example, if a data set of a website visitation is missing 25 days or from 2pm to 6pm data, then it's important to determine how to obtain the missing data time because that time is important. Okay, so yeah, we want to make sure we have the proper time. Nothing can be missing and the time is there. We have to know what time we should be able to filter the data. The filtering criteria used to determine the inclusion or exclusion of data elements in the data set must be specified when the data set is filtered. So if we do filter the data, we have to let the users know. This help to understand the limitation of the data and ensure that the transparency of the analysis process. So we have to let them, if we filtered anything out. For example, if a data set of car sales include only sedans that were sold in the past year, this should be clearly indicated to show what's filtered or talking about only sedan. The criteria for including only sedan and executing others as well as the time period of the past year should be specified. So the data, you have to be very specific. You have to be very specific. And the third criteria says that the data description highlight any missing information necessary for a complete understanding of each data element in the population. So if there's something is missing, it's basically, sometimes they call it, there's a gap, there's a limitation in the data. We have to talk about this. Highlight what information is absent, not there, so the users are aware of any limitations or gap in the data. If something is not there, you have to tell the users, I use this data, but you have to be aware, ABC, I did not have this information. This helps users to understand the contacts and limitation of the data and make informed decision. Maybe because of that limitation, the whole study is no good, because I'm not interested in this unless I have data about this particular topic. So for example, a data set that includes information on real estate sales transaction may have a description that highlights the fact that it's only includes sales transaction that occurred within a certain period and geographical area. And that other sales transaction may exist outside the scope. I can give you a good example, a realistic example. I'm selling my home now, and I'm selling and buying, and I live in the greater Philadelphia area. And I have a real estate agent, so he would send me a report every on a weekly or monthly basis. And here's what's happening. If we look at the supply, if we look at the supply, we see that if he gave me the average supply, the average supply would look something like this, like flat. So the supply is not up, is not down. Once he, once he executes the city of Philadelphia, so if you execute supply means people are selling their home. It looks like on average, the number is average. Once you include the city of Philadelphia, the supply would look something like this. There is not enough supply. In other words, if you want to buy a house in Philadelphia, okay, if you look only at Philadelphia supply, it's up. The supply is up in the city of Philadelphia. However, once you exit, once you include them, once you include Philadelphia and not in the surrounding area, it flattened.  Really, there's not. So if you exclude the city of Philadelphia and look at the suburb, there's not enough supply. So that's very important to understand is if information is missing from the picture. The missing information is necessary to understand the limitation of the data elements in the population represented by the data set. So this is basic, those are basically three criterias that the AICPA believe are a good description of a good data set. And because the AICPA is saying so, I strongly believe it's important for the CPA exam. What I suggest you do is to complete a few multiple choice questions, be familiar with those topics. Because who knows, you might see something like this on the CPA exam, whether we're talking about the current CPA exam or the new 2024 CPA exam, just and it's kind of, you're going to be more familiar with data. Good luck, everyone, study hard, and of course, stay safe. FORHAT Accounting Lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation, as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses, broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures, multiple choice questions, true-false questions, as well as exercises. Go ahead, start your free trial today, no obligation, no credit card required.