Welcome to the sports playbook where we discuss solutions to issues that impact sports. I am your host, Angela Hazelett. We are here to discuss the Russian invasion and the Olympics. Today we have two guests. We have with us today Catherine Noor, an attorney and sports risk management expert from Hawaii. Welcome Catherine. And we also have with us Ricardo Gens, an attorney who has previously practiced sports law in Spain and currently resides in Miami, Florida. Welcome, Ricardo. Hello and good afternoon. Good morning, Catherine. Ricardo, your mother worked in administrative capacity for the Munich Olympics in 1972. These were the Olympic games at which a group of Palestinian terrorists stormed the Olympic village, took hostage and killed Israeli athletes. Since then, the International Olympic Committee or IOC, as we'll refer to that today, has renewed its ancient Greek tradition of calling upon all nations to observe an Olympic truce, which has been consistently in effect since the 1994 winter games. The Olympic truce calls for countries to maintain peace from seven days before the opening ceremony through seven days after the closing ceremony of each Olympic games. This truce is intended to protect the interests of sport through athletes. Safe travel to and from the games and to promote peace and reconciliation by bringing the world together. Fast forward to 2022. Russia was one of 173 countries to co-sponsor the United Nations Resolution to encourage member states to uphold the Olympic truce. Yet only four days after the conclusion of the Olympic winter games in Beijing and before the Winter Paralympics began, the Russian army invaded Ukraine in violation of the Olympic truce. Russia has breached Olympic truces previously as in 2008, when troops from Russia and Georgia clashed in disputed territory south of Asitia on the day of the Beijing 2008 opening ceremony. While in 2014, Russia invaded and annexed the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine during a military operation and overlapped with the Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympics. For these past incidents, Russia has never admitted to violating the Olympic truce, but instead is referred to its action as mere domestic disputes that are not in the purview of the United Nations. Now, Ricardo, clearly, peace has not always prevailed at the time surrounding the Olympic games. Is the Olympic truce then actually effective? Thank you for the nice friendly question. I'll see that you're not in the ceasefire atmosphere, so I'll fire back at you, saying the Olympic movement as such, as we know it nowadays, I feel that it has to undergo a severe process of insight as to actually understand where society stands nowadays. If we think about how the 90s and before society was structured, it was very hierarchical. Nowadays, we're talking about horizontal societies, incorporations in general in society. So with this said, I think that it's more the athletes themselves forcing their national Olympic committees to understand and to speak the voice of the athletes, rather let the politicians do the speaking for the athletes, who do not represent them. So with this, I believe that in general, we should evaluate the true meaning of this truce and who has to be subject to it, either the athletes or the nations, because in general, we're considering that the athletes, are they subject to whom? They, before they get to the Olympic games, they've been competing for days and years and they know the athletes from other nations with whom they've possibly even trained and for sure they've competed in other competitions prior to reaching the Olympic games and their best interest is always to compete, leaving politics aside. So my question to you is, why are we still talking about politics in sports and not solely about sports? What other international competition do we see where sports are mingled with politics? I think there's a lot of sports that are intermingled with politics. I don't know that you can solely separate them and there's a lot of intersection and interplay between politics and sports. And in fact, athletes often use the sports as a platform for their political movements as well. Catherine, what are your thoughts on this Olympic truce concept? And I think Ricardo is suggesting that maybe the countries should be, this truce is maybe not intended for these countries but really for the athletes at play. I don't know, did he, I think, Ricardo, that you said the opposite of that. I think you were saying that the truce for the countries and not for the athletes. Did I get that wrong? I think what you mentioned is correct. Yeah, that the countries have to reconsider their position because the athletes are the ones who are ultimately the ones who want to compete and the ones who want to joyfully and peacefully represent their nation, leaving aside all other issues because they themselves, when they're down there on the field, be it the athletic field for the summer Olympics or out in the snow in the winter Olympics, they know these other athletes from decades or possibly in some cases, some of them might have been even their fans as we know in speed skating. So in many cases, we're missing the voice of the athletes as it has been in many occasions and for the last 20 to 30 years where the athletes' voices are being heard more and more. In a way, Angela, what you're saying, athletes' voices are pushing politicians to react, not the other way around. And that's the issue here. Athletes are being used as, I don't want to say scapegoats, but as pions to create a certain reaction. Yet, for example, the female US soccer team, very smart, demanded equal pay, which in other sports, for example, in tennis, which has been implemented many, many years before that. So that proves how certain structures or certain beliefs in sports have to be modernized. And that's why I love the fact that Thomas Bach is the president of the IOC. He himself is a former athlete. He himself competed in the Olympics. So he understands the athlete's perspective. And that's why I find it what he's doing slowly, but surely is important to keep the games above all other issues that happened surrounding the games. See, for example, what happened this weekend in Saudi Arabia with the Formula One competition, where on Saturday there were some missiles and the athletes, the pilots and their teams questioned if it was correct to compete the next day or not. So that's, I think, I hope that clarifies a bit the point, Angela. Karen? Catherine? Well, let's look at the Olympic Charter, okay? And the portion that concerns the athlete. The Olympic Charter says that the practices sport is a human right. Every individual must have the possibility of practicing sport without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. What's interesting to me is that it says the possibility of practicing the sport. So it doesn't say that they have an absolute right to do it. And had it said that they had an absolute right, then I'm not sure that the IOC could block certain athletes from participating for any reason. They're saying that they should have the possibility. I mean, clearly the invasion of Ukraine during the truce was a violation. At least in my opinion, it was a violation of the Olympic truce. And so essentially there was that risk during the Olympics games and then a few days after the invasion occurred. And then thereafter, the Paralympics began and the issue was whether the Russian athletes could participate. At first the IOC said they could, but then after pushback and concern, then it was decided that they would not be able to proceed with competing. And I actually think they got it right. I don't think that they should have in light of the fact that there is a violation of the Olympic truce and that there's a risk to athletes. And because it does distract from the Olympic charter, the Olympism, the Olympic movement, I think that that was the right move. Well, I think that's really interesting. The violation of the Olympic truce, the response had to come from the International Paralympic Committee because the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee are separate entities. So all the IOC could do at that point was really encourage other entities, other organizations to ban participation of Russian athletes from future competition. And so the IOC basically made that encouragement. They suggested that all sports and events that are planned to be held in Russia or Belarus should be relocated and encouraging the prohibition of displaying any of those countries' national symbols. So that is something interesting that IOC wasn't able to take the stance, but the Olympic truce is actually non-binding, meaning it's encouraged, it's recommended, it's an ideology, but it's not something where there's actual sanctions or clarified sanctions in place. So, Ricardo, what do you think the, should the IOC take a stronger stance moving forward against Russia? I mean, this is at least the third time that they have allegedly violated this Olympic truce. So should they do something more even though it's a non-binding ideal? Let me rephrase the question. What other acts of discrimination have we seen in the Olympics? When we talk about there's no differentiation between color, religion, and so forth, if I'm not mistaken in the last, summer Olympics in Tokyo last year, 2021, there was an US national who nationalizes Israeli and she was going to compete in the women's marathon or a competition of the like and she requested that the competition be moved to another day because she being very religious, she requested that transition to another day to comply with her religious, her Shabbat and her religious day, which I believe the IOC did not comply. So therefore, I don't know if she was able to compete in the end or not. So what are we discriminating? Who is this discriminator? In actual fact, I believe that we are hurting the progress of athletics as such. One thing, again, we're going to the beginning. Politics aside, keep sports clean, keep it essential. The problem here, what we're always talking about is we have all the interests of those sponsors to who make these games possible. And that's I think the key element here because there's a big gap between the grassroots and then those sponsors who want to have that appearance in the media and in the stadium and so forth. So who is ultimately pushing for this sanction? What sanction are you going to give to Russia? That's, I find it not unfair, but in actual fact, I find it it's confusing to the lay person who's not savvy about the rules, who's not savvy about the Olympic movement, but who is only concentrated in their sports and who wants to become one of the best athletes because not all athletes who compete at a high level want to become Olympic athletes, on the one hand. On the other hand, you get countries where there's an excess of athletes who have to change their nationality in order to compete for the country and be able to participate in the Olympics. So why do we sanction nations when those athletes can go under the Olympic flag as it has happened before with Russian athletes if I'm not mistaken? And again, other athletes who are subject, who are refugees and their country is in a civil war, those athletes also compete under the, I believe it's called the Olympic flag or something of the kind. So actual fact, who is the one who suffers? The country or the athletes? Riccardo, I think that's a really good question. I know you've actually co-authored a paper on national team eligibility rules, kind of discussing the increasing trend of footballers choosing to play for countries other than those in which they were born. I think you're referencing a statement such as this. In this paper, you discuss the Olympic Games Charter, which allows athletes with multiple nationalities to change their international federation. So do you believe this is a workaround for certain qualifying Russian athletes to try to compete for another country under another flag, as you mentioned, for another country? Let's put it this way, if there were Russian athletes who runs a hundred meter dash better than any US athlete, do you think the US would take them in? I would. I mean, it's a medal on the list. So, I mean, it's an athlete who wants to prove that the human body just, what the whole purpose of the Olympics is to develop that human capacity. Indeed, the stress that the athletes undergo in order to reach the Olympics is very, I'd say higher than any CEO of any multinational because their main enemy is themselves. It's not the flag under which they compete. They want to compete. They want to do the best. And if they're, God forbid, joyful enough and the country allows them to compete under their flag, hey, they were more than happy. Very proud to be an athlete representing their nation because it's the highlight of their career for some. Obviously you get other athletes who get to compete five and six Olympic games, which that is also very strange case on the other hand. I do believe that athletes should be allowed to compete under the flag of another nation, be it because of their family ties to the country, be it because their own country is subject to certain discrimination if we want to address it with those words, or because the country itself is undergoing a certain process. Let's look back at Yugoslavia in the 1990s. There all of a sudden from one country, you got five countries and new athletes who competed under different flags. So we are living now, I believe it is safe to say in an era where the Olympic movement has to reconsider all these different elements to allow athletes to either compete under one flag or another because on the end of the game, it's for the good of the sport. Leave aside what is doping. Some people say, I don't mind if you compete being doped, but at least tell me that you are. So I know as an athlete what I am going against. So Catherine, Ricardo is talking about doping here. Let's just get into the elephant in the room. We had a Russian athlete who got caught in a doping scandal. And this is on the heels of Russia being sanctioned for a state orchestrated doping cheating scandal for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. So Russian athletes in the past Beijing games had to compete under the umbrella of what's called the Russian Olympic Committee. So they couldn't technically represent their country of Russia. They couldn't display their flags and they were competing in this capacity. So what can you tell us about the 15-year-old Kamila Valleva who was permitted to compete at that, the games stirring Beijing? No, I have to say that that was probably the most dramatic scene I've ever seen in an Olympic Games. That was Kamila Valleva. She had allegedly taken some kind of medication that she claimed with her grandfathers. So they let her compete, but they said that if she meddled that they would not have a ceremony. Then what happened if you watch this, it was kind of absolutely crazy. Valleva, she actually came in fourth so that wasn't even an issue. But what was interesting about it was the fact that two Russians came in first and second. Sherbakova, Anna Sherbakova, she got the gold and Alexandra Trusova got the silver. And then Japanese athlete Sakamoto got the bronze. And what was interesting afterwards, they were all crying for different reasons. Trusova was absolutely hysterical because she felt like she should have won. And the gold medalist, she was totally ignored and then she was upset because she felt like the fourth place athlete, the alleged doper that she should have done better or something like that. And then Sakamoto, the Japanese bronze medalist was amazed that she even placed and was crying out of happiness. It was just incredible. And I have to say, I stayed up till about 2 a.m. to watch that because it just was really an amazing thing. But it was a difficult situation for the court arbitration of court cast to decide how to deal with an alleged doping incident. But on the heels of all the doping issues and that she was not even competing under the Russian flag, it seems to me that she was given a lot of deference to compete. But I think that the IOC actually and cast, I think they try to be fair. I think that they understand that these athletes have competed, have practiced and trained and competed their whole lives and that this is their chance and that they may not have another chance. And I think that Villieva, she's 15 years old, she will have another chance if allowed by her country. But obviously Russia is in a bad place right now. What happens to their athletes in the future is questionable because they've gone through this doping issues, they've gone through multiple wars and now they're pretty much not respected by, not respected by, or at least Putin and the country is not so respected in the international scene. Well, you mentioned the court of arbitration for sports. So they really leaned into the fact that she's a 15 year old and which under the Olympic rules, they don't consider, they consider her a minor and a protected person. So they gave her a lot of deference as that status as a minor and really are investigating the coaches and those that surround themselves with her as far as their responsibility for this test, this positive doping test. And they also, the panel also considered the fact that she tested clean and Beijing. She wasn't timely notified of her positive test and they really ultimately thought that it would cause her irreparable harm not to participate. So, I mean, one of the key things you mentioned, she got fourth individually but she did compete and score for the team and the team, the Art Russian Olympic Committee team did score, they got a gold placement which is still up for debate. So whether or not her points are gonna count towards that gold medal, I think are still up for investigation as to whether or not she, her points would qualify. And so, Ricardo, I know you've written some articles about anti-doping regulation in Spain for the World Sports Law Report. What kind of insight can you give us into this anti-doping consideration for this particular case with Thaliava? You mentioned one interesting point there. She's a minor and second of all, she was competing before getting to Olympics as we know. And it's interesting how she was competing in those competitions and they didn't do any blood checks before that. So that's also questionable. What happened before those tests? Wasn't she checked for anything? And secondly, I'm asking you, Catherine, that CAS arbitration was on site in Beijing, I presume, because those are the new adjunct courts that they have which are immediate. And obviously I presume that any good lawyer who goes with her would say, okay, this is the first test. Let's see the next test. Let's see what results come out of it. And let's see if this medication, what amount it is, how does it affect her performance? How did her performance change from one day or another and so forth? I think it was something so that she wouldn't suffer any pain or something similar if I'm not mistaken. In any event, I saw her skating and it's really impressive the new figures with which she comes out with. And in this case, I do have to say something. I do find it a bit abusive if you wanna say it, that a 15-year-old competes in the Olympics. I think that may be a bit too young for my feeling because there are other categories where children can compete and 15 might be a bit too young. I don't know why I say that, but I find that maybe 17 or 18 would be more effectable to compete at such a high level, which is the Olympics. Indeed, not all countries have athletes in all ages, but 15 or 14 to be able to compete in the Olympics, no matter what modality it is, I do find it for the child, for their psychology, for their progression as a human being. It's very harmful versus beneficial for themselves. And you can even see that in the response, Valiator's response, emotional response to this very stressful circumstances. But you know what, in response to the age thing for gymnastics and figure skating, age is very important because they're at their best when they're 15, 17 years old. So if the Olympics land when they're 15 years old, if they have to wait until they're 19, then that's a huge disadvantage for them. So because they might not be able to make the team because, and so I think the reason why for gymnastics and skating, we do see 15 year olds. I think it kind of makes sense. Swimming is another sport where age matters. Younger tend to be better. And it is up to the international federations to set those standards. Since we are close to the end of our time together, I'd just like to briefly hear Ricardo, if you can give me kind of your number one saying from a sports attorney lens, what do you think these organizations should do when it comes to athletic competitions either held in Russia or competitions with Russian athletes? What can these organizations do? Well, I think if we think about the sport, we should maintain an independent flag if you wanna call it for all these athletes just like we have athletes who are from Palestine territories or from refugees, they all compete under the Olympic flag. So why not? We're here for the sport and even those athletes sponsors will help them precisely in being financed to be able to attend these games. As we said at the beginning, the Olympic games have a lot of interest behind them and these athletes, if you take them away as we see with other competitions, many people stop watching those. So ultimately we all know that most certainly if this young athlete was not able to compete as a figure skater now in Beijing, many people might not have watched the figure skating competition. So in that way, it's a weapon which has two ways to go. If we don't bring her, we'll use audience. So, and then last, there are other elements as well that the national Olympic committees and international Olympic committee have to bear in mind which is exactly leaving politics aside. The athletes themselves, once they finish their career they should be more involved with the grassroots and help precisely those national Olympic committees to evolve and become more for the sport. Obviously having the business side there in order to promote and better educate those athletes which is what we want. We all know that- I'm sorry, I'll have to cut you off here. We're at the end of our time. Kathy, 10 seconds, what do you think? What should we do differently? Just keep in mind that the Olympic Games is a sponsorship event. It's a security event as well as a sporting event. And that's what we're looking at. And it's already a security event. Are we gonna make it more of a security event by letting a country violate the truce and continue to let them compete? Excellent, excellent discussion. And I appreciate both of your contributions today and your insight into the Russian invasion and the Olympics. And thank you to our viewers for joining us today on the sports playbook. In two weeks, our guest is Forrest Lodge from Sportable, an organization that provides sporting opportunities for persons with physical disabilities. We will see you then.


from Berlin, Germany. It's theCUBE, covering DataWorks Summit Europe 2018. Brought to you by Hortonworks. Hello, welcome to theCUBE. I'm James Kobielus. I'm the lead analyst for Big Data Analytics in the Wikibon team of SiliconANGLE Media. And we're here at DataWorks Summit 2018 in Berlin, Germany. And it's an excellent event and we are here for two days of hard-hitting interviews with industry experts focused on the hot issues facing customers, enterprises in Europe and the world over related to the management of data and analytics. And what's super hot this year, and it will remain hot as an issue, is data privacy and privacy protection. Five weeks from now, a new regulation of the European Union called the General Data Protection Regulation takes effect. And it's a mandate that is affecting any business that is not only based in the EU, but it does business in the EU. It's coming fairly quickly and enterprises on both sides of the Atlantic and really throughout the world are focused on GDPR compliance. So that's a hot issue that was discussed this morning in the keynote. And so what we're gonna be doing over the next two days, we're gonna be having experts from Hortonworks, the show's host, as well as IBM. Hortonworks is one of their lead partners, as well as a customer Munich Reeve. We'll appear on theCUBE and I'll be interviewing them about not just GDPR, but really the trends facing the big data industry. Hadoop, of course. Hortonworks got started about seven years ago as one of the solution providers that was focused on commercializing the open source Hadoop code base. And they've come quite a ways. They've had their recent financials were very good. They continue to rock and roll on the growth side and customer acquisitions and deal sizes. So we'll be talking a little bit later to Scott now, their chief technology officer who did the core keynote this morning. He'll be talking not only about how the business is doing, but about a new product announcement. The data steward studio that Hortonworks announced overnight and it is directly related to, or useful, this new solution for GDPR compliance. So we'll ask Scott to bring us some more insight there. But what we'll be doing over the next two days is extracting signal from noise. The big data space continues to grow and develop. Hadoop has been around for a number of years now, but in many ways it's been superseded in the agendas, the priorities of enterprises that are building applications from data by some newer primarily open source technology such as Apache Spark, TensorFlow for building deep learning and so forth. We'll be discussing the trends towards the deepening of the open source data analytics stack with our guests. We'll be talking with a European based re-insurance company, Munich Re, about the data lake that they have built for their internal operations. And we'll be asking their Andreas Kolmeier, their lead of data engineering to discuss how they're using and how they're managing their data lake and possibly to give us some insight about how it will serve them in achieving GDPR compliance and sustaining it going forward. So what we'll be doing is that we'll be looking at trends not just in compliance, not just in the underlying technologies but the applications that Hadoop and Spark and so forth, these technologies are being used for. And the applications are really the same initiatives in Europe are worldwide in terms of what enterprises are doing. They're moving away from big data environments built primarily on data at rest. That's where Hadoop has been the sweet spot towards more streaming architectures. And so Hortonworks, as I said, the show's host has been going more deeply towards streaming architectures with its investments in NiFi and so forth. We'll be asking them to give us some insight about where they're going with that. We'll also be looking at the growth of multi-cloud big data environments. What we're seeing is that there's a trend in the marketplace away from predominantly premises-based big data platforms towards public cloud-based big data platforms. And so Hortonworks, they are partners with a number of the public cloud providers, IBM, I mentioned, they've also got partnerships with Microsoft, Azure, with Amazon Web Services, with Google and so forth. We'll be looking, we'll be asking our guests to give us some insight about where they're going in terms of their support for multi-clouds, support for edge computing, analytics and the internet of things. Big data increasingly is evolving towards more of a focus on serving applications at the edge like mobile devices that have autonomous smarts like for self-driving vehicles. Big data is critically important for feeding, for modeling and building the AI needed to power the intelligence. In endpoints, not just self-driving cars, but intelligent appliances, conversational user interfaces for mobile devices, for consumer appliances like Amazon's got their Alexa, Apple's got their Siri and so forth. So we'll be looking at those trends as well towards pushing more of that intelligence to the edge and the power and the role of big data and data-driven algorithms like machine learning in driving those kinds of applications. So what we see in the Wikibon, the team that I'm embedded within, we have published just recently our updated forecast for the big data analytics market and we've identified key trends that are revolutionizing and disrupting and changing the market for big data analytics. So among the core trends, I mentioned the move towards multi-clouds, the move towards more public cloud-based big data environments in the enterprise. I'll be asking Hortonworks, who of course built their business and their revenue stream primarily on on-premises deployments, give us a sense for how they plan to evolve as a business as their customers move towards more public cloud-facing deployments. And IBM, of course, will be here in force. We have tomorrow, which is Thursday. We have several representatives from IBM to talk about their initiatives and partnerships with Hortonworks and others in the area of metadata management, in the area of machine learning and AI development tools and collaboration platforms. We'll be also discussing the push by IBM and Hortonworks to enable greater depths of governance applied to enterprise deployments of big data, both data governance, which is an area where Hortonworks and IBM as partners have achieved a lot of traction in terms of recognition as the among the pace setters in data governance in the multi-cloud, unstructured, big data environments. But also model governance, the governing the version controls and so forth of machine learning and AI models. Model governance is a huge push by enterprises who increasingly are doing data science, which is what machine learning is all about. Taking that competency, that practice and turning it into a more of an industrialized pipeline of building and training and deploying into an operational environment, a steady stream of machine learning models into multiple applications. Edge applications, conversational UIs, search engines, e-commerce environments that are driven increasingly by machine learning that's able to process big data in real time and deliver next best actions and so forth more intelligence into all applications. So we'll be asking Hortonworks and IBM to net out where they're going with their partnership in terms of enabling a multi-layered governance environment to enable this pipeline, this machine learning pipeline, this data science pipeline to be deployed is an operational capability into more organizations. Also, one of the areas where I'll be probing our guests is to talk about automation in the machine learning pipeline. That's been a hot theme that Wikibon has seen in our research. A lot of vendors in the data science arena are adding automation capabilities to their machine learning tools. Automation is critically important for productivity. Data scientists as a discipline are in limited supply. I mean, experienced, trained, seasoned data scientists fetch a high price, there aren't that many of them. So more of the work they do needs to be automated and can be automated by mature tool, increasingly mature tools on the market at growing range of vendors. I'll be asking IBM and Hortonworks to net out where they're going with automation inside of their big data, their machine learning tools and partnerships that are going forward. So really what we're going to be doing over the next few days is looking at these trends, but it's going to come back down to GDPR as a core envelope that many companies attending this event, DataWorks Summit Berlin are facing. So I'm James Kabilis with theCUBE. Thank you very much for joining us and we look forward to starting our interviews in just a little while. Our first up will be Scott now from Hortonworks. Thank you very much.


We are discussing particle in a 1D box and we have succeeded in so far learning about the wave functions of a quantum particle in a 1 dimensional box. The wave functions have turned out to be sine waves and we have seen that only some will be allowed. The wave function that we have established so far are psi of x is equal to root over 2 by L, sine n pi x by L where n equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 so on and so forth positive integer. And we have established that this set of wave functions well we have normalized that is how we got root 2 by L. We have also established that they are orthogonal to each other that is where we stopped in the last module. And we have also shown that the first derivative is not continuous at x equal to 0 and x equal to L. So, that really is not such a stringent condition on a wave function. The next step is to understand what are the energies. Since only certain wavelengths are only certain wave functions are allowed only certain energies will be allowed as well. So, let us see how we get to that. This here is the expression for energy for a free particle if you remember. And this is the energy that our particle would have as long as it is inside the box and it can be only inside the box equal to h cross square k square by 2 m. But then we have also learned from the boundary condition that psi must vanish at x equal to L that k L is equal to n pi and n is a positive integer. So, the obvious next step is to take this k L in equal to n pi expression and plug it in to the energy expression of a free particle. The moment we do that the energy expression becomes E of n is equal to n square h square by 8 ml square where n is a positive integer. What just happened? Well, quantization of energy happened. Now, we are saying that only certain values are allowed and now we should say something that we deliberately did not say while discussing the wave functions in the last module. What is n? n turns out to be a quantum number for the particle in a box. And this is the beauty of Schrodinger's treatment. Unlike Bohr's treatment where the quantum numbers fell from the sky, quantum numbers arise naturally simply from the probabilistic interpretation of the wave function provided by Max Born. Here we see an example of energy like energy, other quantities like momentum, angular momentum, these are also quantized and everything arises from the imposition of some boundary condition or the other. So, now we learn a very, very important lesson in quantum mechanics. We learn that quantization finds its origin in the boundary conditions which we know arise out of Born interpretation. This is very important to understand. I have seen many students who have got MSc in chemistry, good marks and all but and they can do the math associated with quantum mechanics. But this very fundamental concept has sometimes not sunk in. Let us all be very clear about this. This is one of the founding tenets of founding principles of quantum mechanics. That quantization really arises out of boundary conditions. The moment that happens we can breathe easy. Now our conscience is clear. We have not imported a quantum number from anywhere just to satisfy some experimental observation somewhere. It has arisen naturally out of boundary condition. This is a great revelation but that is not all. What we see in particular in a box is that look at the energy ladder. The separation in energies increases as you go higher and higher up. That is one thing. The second thing is another important observation, zero energy is not possible because the smallest value of n the quantum number is 1. And for that energy has a value of h square divided by 8 ml square which is non-zero. This brings us to the concept of zero point energy and this is something that becomes a governing factor when we discuss simple harmonic oscillator. We find that a free particle, a quantum free particle can never be at rest and it can never be at rest because if it is at rest it is going to violate uncertainty principle. Let us see it comes to rest. It would have come to rest at some position. So, X is defined precisely. Delta X is 0 and since it has come to rest completely the momentum is also 0 plus minus 0. So, delta X into delta P X is 0 that violates uncertainty principle. Uncertainty principle we are going to talk a little more about uncertainty principle later on when we take a break from this quantum mechanical systems and discuss the operators and demonstrate uncertainty principle nicely using the position and momentum operators. But then the thing is uncertainty principle is a law of nature. It is a boundary beyond which one cannot probe nature. So, it is not a question of making a better equipment that will let us see something you cannot see today. We can never do it as far as the current understanding of quantum mechanics is you cannot do better than the best. You cannot violate uncertainty principle and that is why a free particle can never be at rest because that would violate uncertainty principle since it would be associated with 0 uncertainties of conjugate properties. That is another important revelation from particle in a box. Now, let us talk about the energy gaps between successive levels. What about that? If you take any energy gap well right now it is E f minus E i. So, n f square minus n i square let us say I take n f square to be n i square plus 1. We can work out what the gap will be. Let us keep it simple. Let us say n equal to 1, n equal to 2. 2 square is 4, 1 square is 1. Whatever it is no matter which pair of water numbers you take you get a constant. For that constant what is the value of h square by 8 ml square if I change L. If L is increased since L square is in the denominator energy gap between the two chosen energy levels is going to decrease. Larger the box smaller is the energy gap. Actually should not have written h 2 year that would should come after another piece of discussion that we have coming up but well bear with me until then we are really talking about the energy gaps. So, if L is small then energy gaps are larger. If L is large then energy gaps are smaller. What does that mean? If you keep on increasing the size of the box the energy levels keep coming closer and closer and closer. So, beyond a certain value the energy levels will come so close to each other that you cannot tell between this energy level and the next one. So, you do not have discrete energy levels anymore rather you have a band that would be the classical limit. So, this is another beautiful thing that comes out of our discussion. Just by changing the dimension of the box one can go from quantum world to classical world and back and it makes perfect sense in both the worlds. This is another point of strength another reason why we gain confidence in this treatment. Now comes a discussion that should have come before I could write h nu. Let us talk a little bit about the spectroscopy. So, what is spectroscopy? Spectroscopy is the interaction of radiation with matter and essentially it involves transition from one energy level to the other and to be honest we are not spectroscopy is something that is not at all new to us because after all quantum mechanics is something that has sort of arisen out of spectroscopy. I am deeply indebted to a colleague who many many years ago told me that spectroscopy is just quantum mechanics in action. All these calculations that we do in quantum mechanics is manifested in interaction of radiation with matter because that is the only way in which you can probe the energetics of a system experimentally and quantum mechanics is all about the energy levels and wave functions and so on and so forth. Now see just because there are two levels it does not mean that a transition will necessarily take place. In spectroscopy something that is very important is selection rule and selection rule which tells us which transitions are allowed and which transitions are not arises from something called transition moment integral. Transition moment integral is integral psi 2 mu psi 1 and the condition is that this transition moment integral must be non-zero. Now I think we might have introduced this nomenclature earlier as well but just to make sure in case we have not let me just do it once again what we have written here is this. In Dirac's notation this is called ket vector sorry bra vector and when we write a wave functions inside it let us say I write psi 2 in a ket vector bra vector bra vector it essentially means psi 2 star complex conjugate of psi 2. Of course in our case we do not really have to worry about complex conjugates because our wave functions of particle in a box are all real this is bra vector. If you write like this so this is psi 1 in what is called ket vector and what it essentially means is you can just write psi 1 itself. A lot of complicated discussion becomes simpler if one uses bracket notation in our case it is almost trivial we might as well write the integral but it at least saves us a hassle of writing d tau and all that all the time so we will use bracket notation but I should tell you what this means what we have written here. When you write like that so when you write bra psi 2 ket psi 1 then it essentially means integral over all space psi 2 star psi 1 d tau in our case d tau can be should be replaced as dx because you are working in one dimensional space. Now one more thing it is possible that I might want to multiply this psi 1 by something or make some operator operate on something what we have done is that we have used the operator dipole moment operator which means basically multiplication by dipole moment so this is what it means what you might notice that there is an additional vertical line after mu like this that is just to make things look good it still means bra psi 2 ket psi 1 ket mu psi 1 this is what it means this is your transition moment integral and the condition for transition moment integral is that for transition moment integral to be non-zero is what we have to determine if you want to know which transitions take place and which transitions do not take place. For that purpose we are going to use here the property of symmetry of wave functions one can of course plug in the expressions for wave functions and do it the hard way work out the integral and that has to be done many times but many times you do not have to go through all that hassle symmetry is a fundamental property of systems which determines many of its aspects. So here we will see how nicely one can use symmetry arguments to determine whether this integral is 0 or not remember we do not really need to know at this point whether what the value of the integral is if that is what we require then of course we have to work it out but if you only want to know whether it is 0 or non-zero we will see how we can do it nicely with symmetry to do that let us first recognize that all these wave functions where n is odd this one or this one n equal to 1 n equal to 3 these are symmetric with respect to inversion what is the meaning of symmetric with respect to inversion if I say this is Psi 1 right so I write something like this Psi 1 and then I invert it so I interchange 0 and L in this case let us say then upon inversion it will remove Psi 1 it will remain Psi 1 that is the definition of being symmetric or what is called an even function however look at this n equal to 2 or this n equal to 4 what happens if I interchange 0 and L the function is going to change shape right now this is plus Psi 2 if I interchange 0 and L you are going to have a function that essentially will look like this so upon inversion what happens for n equal to 2 4 etc where n is even we get Psi n becomes minus Psi n and that makes it antisymmetric with respect to inversion and such functions are called odd functions let me digress a little bit and point out that the number of nodes remember what nodes means nodes mean nodes node means a point where the wave function go through 0 and change sign so this is not a node this is so number of nodes is n minus 1 when n equal to 1 there is no node number of nodes is 0 when n equal to 2 number of nodes is 1 when n equal to 3 number of nodes is 1 here and 1 here so that is something that is just there we should know it now coming back to our original discussion what how do we know whether this integral is going to be 0 or not well let me write on this side so that I do not have to erase it later on see an integral is nonzero when let us call let me call this I the integrand this one is I so what happens if I change a sign upon inversion let us say upon inversion I becomes minus I what happens to the integral the integral is I d tau overall space that becomes minus I d tau but the issue is we are talking about a transition between two levels that cannot change depending upon which one we decide to be which point we decide to be 0 and which point we decide to be L just upon inversion the sign cannot change so when will this happen in any case if this is equal to this we are saying that the integral cannot change upon changing sign so that means integral I d tau must be equal to minus integral integral I d tau must be equal to minus integral I d tau when will that happen when both are equal to 0 is not it say q equal to minus q only when q is equal to 0 otherwise it is impossible so what we learn is that this I has to be symmetric and I here is a triple product two wave functions and your dipole moment is dipole moment symmetric or is it anti symmetric let us not forget that we can write dipole moment as mu equal to e into x where e is electronic charge x is displacement x is it symmetric or is it anti symmetric well we have said this already that a symmetric integrand is required for the integral to be nonzero we are now asking the question what about x is it symmetric or is it anti symmetric what happens when we invert x becomes minus x naturally so x is definitely anti symmetric so now when will this triple product be symmetric so we are doing inversion right we take this and do an inversion when we do an inversion x changes sign x becomes minus x let us say psi 2 is symmetric so psi 2 will remain psi 2 now if psi 1 is also symmetric what will happen then this triple product changes sign which means the integral changes sign which means the integral is 0 how can one avoid it only when psi is anti symmetric so if psi 2 is symmetric psi 1 would better be anti symmetric sorry for my horrible handwriting then what will happen is that due to x you have a minus sign due to psi 1 also you have another minus sign and the whole thing becomes plus so what we are saying is that if one wave function is symmetric the origin or the destination then the other the destination or the origin respectively has to be anti symmetric that is the condition for the transition moment integral to be nonzero that is the condition for the transition to be what we call in the language of spectroscopy allowed so the selection rule then is delta n equal to 1 3 5 so on and so forth why because if you remember the wave functions alternate wave functions are symmetric and anti symmetric n equal to 1 symmetric n equal to 2 anti symmetric n equal to 3 symmetric again n equal to 4 anti symmetric once again so delta n equal to 2 can never happen what happens if I want to go from say psi 1 to psi 2 psi 1 is symmetric sorry psi 1 to psi 3 psi 1 is symmetric x is anti symmetric psi 3 is symmetric so psi 1 x psi 3 the whole thing is anti symmetric so that integral vanishes and that transition is not allowed now if you want to know where this transition moment integral comes from that requires a little more of quantum mechanics in fact we have discussed it in some detail in an earlier course that we had floated in on NPTEL course on molecular spectroscopy of physical chemist perspective so whoever is interested in knowing more about where transition moment integrals come from can go through those videos of the course of that course which are now freely available on YouTube I believe but for the purpose of this course at least for now we are going to take this transition moment integral business axiomatically and we are going to proceed from here so doing that what we have learned is that for a particle in a box delta n has to be 135 odd to even even to odd transitions are only allowed which means that you can have this transition 1 to 2 you can have this transition 1 to 4 but you cannot have this transition 1 2 3 why not because as we said several times 1 and 3 are both symmetric making the triple product which is the integrand of transition moment integral anti-symmetric so this is the discussion we wanted to have on spectroscopy of particle in a box and this is what tells us which transitions take place and which transitions do not with this background we are now prepared to go ahead and talk about color and we are ready to talk about whether or not there can be some application of the simple particle in a box in real chemical systems.


Welcome to my presentation. I am going to talk about how we have taken advantage of the quick access rules to create a plugin that simulates an Exxon setup at CSTAN and EA. In the past, during and on-site Exxon with a personal computer, 40% of the incidents on our campus were due to misconfiguration. This assistant has helped our university to reduce them a lot. I'm Ima Montero, and I'm very happy to be here today. I like drawing, reading, sci-fi, arts and crafts, etc. You will find along the presentation many references to my hobbies in the titles and the illustrations are also mine. I hope you find them fun. I'm Ina Sogorn Jr. and I've been working in the education sector for 20 years now. I'm the head of the learning platform at Alfonso de Simmelstad University in Madrid, here in Spain. And so let's start. Quick access rules are six that can be run before a student can attempt a quiz or even during the quiz. These rules allow us to adapt our quizzes to our institution needs. For example, you can use them. This type of rules is you want to limit the access to the quiz only inside the institution network. First, I'm going to show you the rules available in the core. You can use them as a base if you want to develop your own rules. Below we have a list of the tools developed by the community. I highly recommend that you take a look to the clients directory. To modify their behavior, we have to remember what happens when a student wants to take an exam. First, the students use the activity. If all quick access rules are met, the student starts an attempt, answers the questions and finally submits the quiz. On the other side, the teacher only can edit the quiz, settings or question and review the attempts. Which files make up a quick access rule? We can make a plugin that works with only the first three files, but you can use more if necessary. We can also add files that are not in this slide, such as the settings file, if you need custom settings. In this slide, there is a QR code to the middle documentation in case you want to research more about this topic. Any plugin must extend the quiz access rule-based class. We can change the behavior of the quiz with functions of this class in order to check if the student has completed the attempt. Allow the student to attempt the quiz, allow a new attempt, display the quiz in a pop-up window, display information about the rules, etc. For example, we have used the make and description function in our exam system. If we look at our institution model, we classify exams in three types. Self-assessment, Gurdjable quizzes and other types. The Gurdjable quizzes can be ordinary and extraordinary exams as well as continuous assessments. Our teachers combine their full-time work with teaching at the university. This means that they hardly have time to learn how to set up the exams correctly. Many of the problems that we have during an inside exam with a personal computer were caused by exam misconfiguration. Could we avoid this? We need to make it easier for teachers, and we have developed an exam assistant using these rules. Our WISA checks if the exam protocol guidelines have been followed and displayed in an informative manner. The feature is an adjustable functionality, constantly updated, and even during the exam sessions. The rest all is that we have very few incidents. The rules are focused on the students, but we need to focus on the teacher to improve their exam experience. We only need the three basic files to develop our plugin. The main file is a rule.phcp, which contains our standard class. Inside this file, we only need two functions. It makes functions to check if the user has access to permissions and discretion functions. With information, we want to show to the teachers. Inside it, it checks the quick settings and shows the user the misconfigurations. This is the essential part of our plugin. Inside it, we check that the exam with Wi-Fi enabled is selected. The only one attempt is allowed, that it has automatic submission, that the opening and closing dates are set on the same day, that you have a time limit to take the quiz, that the browser and software is enabled, that the question and answer has randomness, that the quiz has a password, that the quiz is not hidden, that it makes within question and hosted locally, that in current ads where are penalized and many others. And this is the result. Here, we can see the information looks to the teachers when it's not well configured. In a red color, which indicates that it's something wrong. At the top, we indicate all the modifications we have to make and at the bottom, we add additional information for the teacher. Here, we have a closer look of the misconfiguration, it's an example. And in the next slide, you will find the additional information in detail. When teachers set up everything right, the message appears in a blue color, which indicates it's all okay. What do teachers get from Exxon Assistant? They make sure their sums are set up correctly. Also, they ensure that access to the quiz is safe and secure. Also, on the other side, service desk obtains a speed into resolving incidents. A quick check that the configuration is correct. And a high reduction of incidents due to misconfigurations. But has it really had much impact? Sure. Exxon's problems caused by misconfiguration has been reduced from 40 to 8%. This reduction has allowed us to add additional rules that we have created to secure the quizzes for the last July session. And is development the only thing we need to do? No. No. We need to do it together with trainings, email campaigns, mentoring sessions, manuals, designing an email-alert system. The day before, the Exxon for misconfigured quizzes. You can see teamwork is highly recommended. Finally, I would like to give you a tip. Talk a lot with users, teachers, students, support technicians, administrators, and try to put yourselves in their shoes. Get that information together with your knowledge on mutual development and create functionalities that improve their educational experience. That's all, folks. I hope you have enjoyed this presentation. Thank you. Thank you, Inma. Does anybody have any questions? We have a couple of minutes for questions. Just raise your hand and we'll get a mic to you if you have any questions for Inma. You can also speak Spanish. On the right-hand side. Is it possible to go forward, even if the rules aren't followed for some, I don't know, some teacher that wants to do things differently? He might want to go ahead, despite the rules not being followed. Is that possible? I don't hear you, but if I understand you, all our teachers cannot follow our guidelines, because, for example, we have exams in hospitals that they didn't have our exam network, for example. The plugin is only informative. If the barrier is in red color, it's not a problem, but if the exam is in a hospital, for example, but it's like a lot of tips that help us to be happy when the exam sessions cause a lot of problems.


The presidency has declared that nobody or a group of Nigeria can intimidate or bully the president to accept the demands by secessionists. It also stated that the president will not pay attention to those demanding disillusion of the country to end their agitations. According to the presidency, calls for secessions have always been used to force the previous governments into paying agitators to cease fire. The senior special assistant to the president of media and publicity, Malam Garbashihu, said these are the national secretariat of the all-progressive Congress after attending an event organized by the APC Professional Forum.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we discuss the following question which says the points A with coordinates 0, 5, 10, B with coordinates 2, 3, 4 and C with coordinates 1, 2, minus 1 are three vertices of a paradigmogram ABCD. Find the vector equations of the sides AB and BC and also find the coordinates of point D. Suppose we have two points with position vectors vector A and vector B, then the vector equation of the line which passes through the given two points is equal to vector R is equal to vector A plus lambda into vector B minus vector A. R equal to vector A plus lambda into vector B minus vector A, the whole is the vector equation of the line which passes through the two points with position vectors vector A and vector B. This is the key idea that we use for this question. Let's move on to the solution now. We have a paradigmogram ABCD where the point A has coordinates 4, 5, 10, B has coordinates 2, 3, 4 and C has coordinates 1, 2, minus 1. Now, with reference 2 as origin, let the position vector or say position vectors of the points AB, C and D be given as vector A, vector B, vector C and vector D respectively. First of all, we assume the coordinates of the point D as x, y, z. So, we are supposed to find x, y and z as point A has coordinates 4, 5, 10. So, vector A minus the position vector of the point A would be equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 10 k cap, vector B minus the position vector of the point B would be 2 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 4 k, 3 and 4 are the coordinates of the point B. The vector C, which is the position vector of the point C that coordinates 1, 2 and minus 1 would be given as i cap plus 2 j cap minus k cap, vector D, which is the position vector of the point D, would be x i cap plus y j cap plus z k cap, where x, y and z are the coordinates of the point D. Now, we are supposed to find the vector equations of the lines AB and DC. Now, the vector equation of the site AB would be the vector equation of AB that passes through the points A and B. This is the vector equation of the line, which passes through the two points. Vector equation of the site AB that is this side, which passes through the points A and B would be given by equal to vector A, which is the position vector of the point A plus lambda into vector B, which is the position vector of the point B minus vector A the home. Thus, we have vector R equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 10 k cap the home plus lambda into vector B, which is 2 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 4 k cap minus vector A minus 4 i cap minus 5 j cap minus 10 k cap the home, which means vector R is equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 10 k cap the home plus lambda into 2 i cap minus 4 i cap is minus 2 i cap, 3 j cap minus 5 j cap is minus 2 j cap, 4 k cap minus 10 k cap is minus 6 k cap. This gives us vector R is equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 10 k cap 2 lambda into i cap plus j cap the home can also be written as vector R is equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus 10 k cap i cap plus j cap plus 3 k cap the home where we have taken lambda 1 as minus 2 lambda. Vector equation A B are equal to 4 i cap plus 5 j cap plus the home plus lambda 1 into i cap plus j cap the home. The vector equation BC is given as vector R equal to vector V plus lambda into vector C minus vector B the home where vector B is the position vector of the point B vector C is the position vector of the point C putting the values of vector B and vector C we get vector R is equal to vector B which is a cap plus 3 j cap plus 4 k cap to vector C which is i cap plus 2 j cap minus k cap minus vector B that is minus 2 i cap minus 3 j cap minus 4 k cap the home.  So where further we have vector R is equal to 2 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 4 k cap the home minus lambda into i cap plus j cap plus 5 k cap the home. So we have the vector equation inside V C is given as vector R equal to 2 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 4 k cap plus lambda 2 that is in case of minus lambda we take lambda 2 into i cap plus j cap plus 5 k cap B and here we have lambda 2 as minus lambda and the coordinates of the point D, BD and AC are the diamonds of the parallelogram the diamonds of a parallelogram each other of the diagonal BD would be equal to the midpoint of the diamond AC. This means the midpoint of the diagonal BD would be given as vector OB or OB this whole upon 2 equal to the midpoint of diagonal AC which is given as vector OA plus vector OC this whole upon 2. This means that vector OB plus vector OB is equal to vector OA plus vector OC the OB means the position vector as the point B with reference to the origin O that is vector B plus OB that is vector OB is the position vector of the point D that is vector D is equal to vector OA which is vector A that is the position vector of the point A plus vector OC that is vector C which is the position vector of the point C. Competing the respective values of the vectors A, B, C and D we get 2 i cap plus 3 j cap plus 4 k cap plus x i cap plus y j cap plus z k cap is equal to 2 k cap plus i cap plus 2 j cap minus 2 this gives us plus y j cap plus z k cap plus i cap is 5 j cap plus 2 j cap is plus 7 j cap 10 k cap minus k cap is plus 9 k cap 3 j cap plus this gives us x i cap plus y j cap plus z k cap is equal to 3 i cap 7 j cap minus 3 j cap is 4 j cap 9 k cap minus 4 k cap is plus 5 k cap. This is the position vector of the point D for where we have x as 3 y as 4 point D has coordinate 60 session hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Hey Psych2Goers, when you like someone, it can be an exciting experience, but also a frustrating one. If you're not direct about your feelings, you might be wondering how to read between the lines to know if they like you back. They're always polite, they act friendly, they start conversations, but are they just being nice? What if you make a move and it turns out they aren't as interested in you as you thought? Knowing friendly from flirty can be a difficult task, but there are some subtle signs that could help you understand their actions better. Here are 7 signs that they're not just being friendly. 1. They give you friendly hugs. It's not unusual for friends to meet each other with a hug, but do you think that hug between you lasts a second too long to be just friendly? Or maybe they don't usually hug their friends unless it's you. If you noticed you're getting special hello and goodbye hugs, then you probably mean more to them than just a friend. 2. They remember everything you say.  Unless it's something that specifically caught your attention, you probably wouldn't remember it after some time. So if they randomly remember what you said about your childhood pet or some similar small detail, it means they were paying close attention, and if they paid close attention, they probably like you and really care about what you have to say. 3. They take care of their appearance. Of course when you like someone you want to look the best you can, in hopes they fall for your awesome looks. Even if someone likes you too, they tend to think the same.  Also, they will try to always wear their best clothes when they're near you. 4. They try to get near you. Maybe you're sitting at a table and they choose to turn next to you. Maybe you're walking next to each other and they walk so close to you that your arms almost touch. If you notice them always trying to get as close to you as possible, it probably means they just can't get enough of you. 5.  Eye contact is one of the most important and telling signals of non-verbal communication, especially when it comes to attraction. Even if looking at someone while simply talking could signify just being polite, stealing glances from across the room, or even when you're not talking can tell you they're not just being nice. And even better if they turn their head quickly when you notice them staring.  6. Small talk is not so small. When you're being nice to someone, you probably engage in some small talk, especially if you don't know them well. The weather is so nice today. Have you been to that new restaurant? Did you watch that movie last night? It's just something you do to pass the time. But when someone likes you, small talk will not be enough for them to know everything they want to know about you. They'll engage in meaningful conversation with you, asking about your everyday life, your interests, what you like and what you don't, how your family is like, and of course they'll sneak a question about your love life. 7. They put their phone away unless they're texting you. How often do you see people hanging out together and instead of talking, they all just look down at their phones, or they keep checking it for notifications every two minutes while you're trying to have a conversation. If a person likes you, this likely won't happen. They will keep it on silent or in their pocket and focus on you. But when you're not physically together, they won't be able to let it out of their hands. Sending you messages, music videos, memes, or funny pictures will be more important. So do you think anyone in your life does any of these things? Were you looking for these signs because you liked them back? If you're interested, try to play along. Hopefully they get encouraged and make a direct move, or you can be the one who makes a move. If you found this video helpful, like and share it with friends that might find insight in this too. Remember to subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell for more content. All the sources used are added in the description box below and thank you for watching. Until next time!


And now, AutoLite and its 60,000 dealers and service stations present... Suspense! Tonight, AutoLite brings you Miss Joan Fontaine in... Lovebirds. A suspense play, produced and directed by Anton M. Lieder. Suspense replace old narrow-gap spark plugs with wide-gap AutoLite resistor spark plugs.  It's the new thing. Yes, sorry, friends, AutoLite regular-type spark plugs have long been standard factory equipment on many leading makes of cars and trucks. And now, six, that's right, six of these leading makes of cars and trucks have switched to the new AutoLite resistor-type spark plugs for factory installation on their new 1949 models. The new AutoLite resistor spark plugs are the spark plugs of today and the future. Remember, you're right with AutoLite. And now, AutoLite presents Miss Joan Fontaine in a tale well-calculated to keep you in suspense. You know, Sam, I used to laugh just as everyone else does when I heard someone say... I've given you the best years of my life. But it's not funny to me anymore. No, because that's what I've done, Sam. I've given you the best years of my life waiting for you to die.   Lovebirds. Now, here it is, our seventh anniversary. You wanted to show off that portrait you had painted of me to Doug and Betty Wilson and Doc Roberts and the others. You were proud. They were envious. I was sick. Yep, that's my thought, all right, right down to the last eyelash. Like a duck? Perfect, Sam, just perfect. The perfect portrait of the perfect girl. Well, it's after midnight and I'm a nine o'clock guy. Yeah, I've got to shove off, too. How's the asthma these days, Sam? Seems to be getting better, Doug, but my arthritis...   Here's your coat, Doug. Oh, oh, thanks, my dear. Now, Doug, where did I... The hall closet, I'll get it. Oh, get mine, too, darling. Coming up. Oh, it was a lovely party, Martha. Thank you. And let me tell you, Mrs. Lovebird, if you keep on taking the kind of care of old Sam you have been, we'll all be here for number 50. Oh, go on, Doug. I'm serious. When you two first got hitched, I wouldn't give you two years, Sam. Now, I'd give even money you make... Oh, come on in. Oh, it's nothing, Doug. Here, I'll put it away. Don, box fell off the shovel and I reached for my hat. Here, let me put it away. No, Doug, please, it's nothing, Doug. You fellas keeping secrets? What's the trouble, Doug? Well, looky here, a travel fold. There's a whole box full of it. A luring Alaska, Acapulco, 30-day cruise, Samoritz, Capri. Say, what is it? Oh, come on, Sam, spill it. You two love birds planning to migrate somewhere? News to me. The mine, Doug. Oh, well, Martha's kind of a pack rat. Keeps all kinds of trash stowed away in strange corners. You wouldn't kid us, Sam. You're not really planning a trip because it's out of the question, you know. Out of the question, Doc said. It sounded so final, Sam. Out of the question. Ran through my mind over and over after they got and I stood washing the pile of dishes in the kitchen. Out of the question. How are you coming with the dishes, Angel? I could feel your hands thin and dead, while touching my shoulder and I wanted to scream. What right had you to touch me? Why did I have to bear your half-dead hands when I was alive? What's the matter, honey? You're kind of quiet. I feel quiet, I guess. Say, say, where are my glasses? I don't know. Doc Gunnard, I never can remember where I put the darn things. I'm blind as a bat without them. Look in the front room on the mantel. A lot of good data do. I can't find my glasses without my glasses. Take a look for me, will you? My hands are wet, Sam. Can't you wait until morning? Gotta have them now. All right, but I can't see why you need them in bed. It's these sleeping pills. Jim was out of my kind and gave me these. Said they were just as good, but I can't read the directions. But is it that important? Of course it's important. Why, just the other day, I read where a fellow in Chicago took a couple too many and bingo. Oh, I'll see if your glasses are on the mantel, Sam. I leaned back against the wall for a minute. Out of the question. It was ringing in my head like a bell out of the question. Then, Sam, right then, I knew I couldn't take it any longer. I went into the living room. Picked up the pair of glasses on the mantel.  One sickness after another. Everyone in the book. Nearly died a dozen times. And each time I saved you. That's what everyone said, even the doctor.  Here I was waiting for you to die, but you wouldn't, Sam. You wouldn't have the decency to die and leave me the money so I could get away from this little town and live like a normal human being. Find them, darling? No, no, Sam. These are my glasses. They might not be in here somewhere. Well, it's too late tonight to worry about them, darling. Here, let me see those new pills. Yeah, yeah, take a look. These are different. It says 2% instead of 5. Six pills instead of 2. Really? They don't sound very good, Sam. I'll try to get some of your regular kind next time I go to Chicago. Six? That's what it says. Funny. Jim didn't say anything about it. Haven't you better get ready for bed? It's nearly one. In a minute, in a minute. Martha, would you tell me something honestly? Of course. What is it? Well, that business about the travel folders. I suppose it's nothing, but, well, somehow, I can't get it out of my head. What about the travel folders? Martha, would you really like to go to those far-off places? Just you and me? Don't be silly. You know what Doc Roberts said. I didn't ask you that. I asked you if you wanted to go with me. It's awfully important to me now, Martha. Whether you'd want to go with me. Why worry about it? You know we can't go. That's why I need you worse than ever, Martha. That's why I... I guess it kind of hurts me to find you collecting travel folders like you wanted to get away from me. Well, I guess you're right. I'd better get up to bed. I watched you go up the stairs and I put the glasses back on the mantle. Your glasses, Sam? Not mine. I waited a long time downstairs, listening to you shuffling around in your sandals.  Six pills instead of two. Then there was the shuffling again and quiet. The whole clock struck one. Then two. Then I couldn't wait any longer. I went upstairs to your room. Sam? Sam? I turned on the light. Sam, wake up, Sam! Sam, can you hear me? Sam! It's working. It's working! For suspense, auto light is bringing you Miss Joan Fontaine in radio's outstanding theater of thrills, suspense. The newspaper says smart men are now wearing pastel colored shirts for business. Well, now that you mention it half, I have noticed a trend among smart men. 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And now auto light brings back to our Hollywood sound stage Joan Fontaine is Martha in The Lovebirds, a tale well-calculated to keep you in suspense. Yes, Sam, it was quite a moment there in your bedroom as I looked down at you, drugged and helpless on the bed. I shook you and you didn't even groan. I shook harder. I shouted in your ear and pinched you. You didn't move. It was wonderful. For the first time in seven years, I could laugh and mean it. I gave you plenty of time, Sam. You were gone. I couldn't feel your pulse when I called Doc Roberts at six in the morning. I waited downstairs for him to break the news to me. Easy now, Martha. Just lean back and rest. Tell me what is it, Doc? What's wrong with him? He's going to die, isn't he? He's going to leave me alone. Sit down now. Just let go, that's it. He wouldn't wake up, Doc. I shook him. Yes, yes, I know. Is he dead? No. He'll live, Martha. What? Sam will be all right. He's sleeping now. Probably will till late this afternoon. But what? Martha, I think it'll be better if I say this straight out. Say what straight out? Looks to me like Sam took an overdose of sleeping medicine. No. Well, he might have made a mistake in counting or... Suicide? Maybe. You noticed anything strange about him lately? Well, you know how he's been since his asthma started. Yeah. What are you going to do, Doc? I'm supposed to make a report on these things. You can't do that. What if it got around town? What if it got back to Sam? There's no telling what he... All right, that's true. It still might have been an accident. Oh, we've got to give him the benefit of the doubt. It's a touchy business, though, Martha. He mustn't think that we suspect it. Doc, there's no telling what he'd do. I'll tell him he had a fever in the night. Maybe you're right. You know, the body's a pretty durable thing. Even a body like Sam's. But the mind, that's something else again. I'll do all I can, Martha, but the big job is yours. For a second after he left, I thought I was going to faint. I got a drink from the sideboard. Make me feel better. Until I remembered something else. The doctor didn't suspect. But you, Sam, when you read the instructions on that box of pills... I drove all the way to Chicago that morning, Sam, and I got what I wanted. It wasn't quite new when I returned to your room. Put the new box on the stand beside your bed and threw the other in the furnace. It was a long way to go, but you gave me plenty of time. Where have I been? Martha! Right here, Sam. I feel... I feel dopey. Doc said you had a touch of fever last night. Doc? Mm-hmm. He looked you over this morning. What time is it? Noom. Honey, I don't remember anything about it. Hmm. What's this? What? The box on the stand here. That's not the one I bought. I got rid of your new pills. Picked up some of the regular kind this morning while I was shopping. You never quit, do you? What do you mean, Sam? Spoiling me like this. First thing you know, I'll be as helpless as a baby. Hmm-hmm. What's for lunch? It was that easy, Sam. You never suspected. I was afraid of Doc Roberts at first, but he didn't say a thing. And for a while there was whispers you didn't hear.  They were so afraid you tried a second time. And I stopped being afraid. This was no time to lie back and wait. They'd given me a weapon. This was the time to do it. Well, let's see, Martha. I reckon the surest thing would be poison. Thyosionim. But isn't that sort of dangerous, Jim? Not if you're careful. How much will I need? Oh, one package ought to do it. Depends on how bad they are. The rats. Here. There you are. Hope it does the trick. Thanks, Jim. So do I. It's going to be different this time, Sam. This time I knew where I was going. That's where I'd made the mistake before, you see. I hadn't planned. A week later, I was ready. I remember you came home early that evening, and I was in the kitchen starting your dinner. Salad. Tossed lettuce and garlic. Plenty of garlic. Getting dinner, Martha? It's almost done. Have it ready in a minute. That roast smells good. Better go and wash so things won't get cold. What's that? You're mixing there. Dressing for the salad. Dressing? You sure? What do you mean? Wouldn't be a love potion for me, would it, Martha? Or maybe just maybe a death potion. Oh, dear. You've cracked the salad bowl. What's the matter, Martha? Afraid you'll fail this time, too? You're talking nonsense. I don't know what you're talking about. You should, Martha. Jim tells me they haven't had my kind of sleeping pills at the drugstore for a long time. How far did you have to go to get them? You're sick, Sam. You're building things up in your mind. I wish I were. You see, I made a mistake this morning, Martha. I decided to wear my white shirt, the one with the French cuffs. Shirt? You can't wear a shirt like that without cuff links. I guess you forgot that, Martha, didn't you? That I kept my cuff links in your jewelry box. Yes. Yes, Martha. I found it. I found the poison. Oh, that's what's worrying you. It's for the rats, Emma. I bought it for the rats. Rats. Should have bought some rats, too, because there aren't any around here. There's a certificate from an extermination company in the file that says so. That's a nice-looking salad, Martha. Here. Taste it.    I ran out of the kitchen upstairs to my room. I was scared, Sam, and lost. I grabbed my coat and hat without thinking and started down the stairs. Leave me alone. Do you want to hang? Hang.  There's got to be a murder first. There will be. The minute you leave this house. Remember, my dear wife, I have the poison. So? Okay. Go on.  But just remember, when you walk out that door, I'll cut you down from one end of the earth to the other. I'll take enough of it to make them hang you 20 times. If someone had put a gun in my hand, I'd have killed you right there. But all I could do was swallow the screen that rose up in my throat and fight the weakness in my knees.  Remember, this was the house of the lovebirds. That night, I lay in bed twisting and turning, waiting for you to go to sleep. I was in a prison, Sam. And only one thing would free me. I had to destroy the evidence. I had to find that poison. At one o'clock, I walked across to your door, opened it quietly. Listen. You were asleep. Your clothes were draped over a chair next to the bed. I went through them first, ended the closet and your other things, and then the dresser. It had to be somewhere. I tried to put myself in your place. Where would I have hidden it? Your snoring seemed to grow louder, pounding in my eardrums. I think it was then that I felt the paperweight on the nightstand. And for a moment, I thought if I stopped that snoring, everything would be all right. I held it above your head ready to smash and smash again and again. Why don't you strike, dear?  That'd be silly, Martha. Stupid, too. Where did you put that poison? In a good, safe place. You're wasting your time, you know. You'll never find it. I plan to use it myself in my own good time. What do you mean? You'll find it one of these days when the mood strikes me. Sam! Why not? Remember, you bought the poison and they'll figure you got caught in your own trap. Maybe got hold of a cup of coffee or a cheese sandwich or something you'd fixed for me. By mistake. Better get back to bed now. Get some rest. You've got a trying head a day ahead of you. There was no sleep for me after that, Sam. Just white-heart nightmares, endless hours of darkness. And day after day of torture of a cat and mouse game with each of us watching each other. I didn't eat her. I couldn't let you poison my food. It was closing in on me, Sam. Something I couldn't stand. I had ache. My stomach was sick from hunger. I'll give it to you, Sam. You know your business. You know how to torture. And then one day I got dizzy and nearly fainted.  I went to the kitchen and opened the refrigerator. The milk hadn't been opened. I put a glass and drank it. It tasted so good. But then I remembered some poisons are tasteless. I was crazy to drink milk of all things. I poured it down the sink feeling spasms and cramps in my stomach. I could feel and sound they were real. Don't care for milk water. You're not being sensible at all. Milk is nature's perfect food. Sesso on the bottle. Oh, let me alone. Let's see here. Pretty good selection. How about some cheese? Cheese is awfully good. And the roast beef is fresh cut. Doug brought it in from the country today. How long are you going on with this, Sam? Why? I can't stand it much longer. Afraid to die, Martha? Well, just relax. You're dying right now. The milk... You poisoned the milk! No. No, I didn't mean that. It's just that... Well, Martha, you're not as beautiful as you were. I was just looking at that portrait over the mantle. Did you know you were getting circles under your eyes? And your figure isn't at all what it was. I'm not sure even an invalid would want you now. I guess I lost track of time for a while after that. The days slid by. The nights, too. I was hungry all the time. At first I found some canned goods, but then you caught on and you punched holes in the rest of the cans. And I didn't dare touch them after that. I couldn't go on, Sam. I knew I couldn't last out. I was at the end of my rope that night when Betty and Doug stopped by. I can never forget that night, Sam, because as we sat in the middle of the night as we sat there in the living room with that terrible smiling portrait of me staring down at us, Betty said something. Something that made me realize I wasn't trapped. That there was a way out after all an easy way. Let me get you a drink, Doug. Sure, Sambo. Easy on the soda. Me, too, but easy on the liquor. Check. How about you, Martha? You look a little tired. You look tired, Martha. Oh, it's nothing, Doug. I know, the old slave driver here is probably working you too hard, Martha. You need a vacation. How about driving down to Florida with us next week? Florida? We can't make it, Doug. The doc wants to keep an eye on me. Heaven knows I like my home as well as the next one. But if I had to stick as close to it as Martha does, I'd probably go right out of my mind. I sat very still. It was all I could do to keep a smile frozen on my face like a mask. At that moment, Sam, I felt like a prisoner who'd just been handed the key. It was a marvelous feeling, surging up inside me like fire. Well, of course, if they thought I was crazy, they'd take me away. And no matter what you did, you couldn't touch me. I looked around the room, saw the poker by the fireplace under the portrait. I remember how your eyes followed me as I got up and walked to the fireplace, picked up the poker. I gave you one last smile. And then I turned to the painting and I raised the poker high. Hey, Martha! Give me that poker! Sam! Good Lord. She's here. Here. A lot of rest. I'm getting my weight back. But most of all, it's nice to feel safe. How long is it now? Three months? Four? Pretending I'm insane? Anyway, I'll take my time. Think it through very carefully. And then, when I'm ready to drop the act, show them I'm qualified to leave.   That'll give you something to think about during the long nights alone in the lovebird house in Pinewood Drive.    Cool down. I got her. She's down on the cot. She'll be all right. Gets like that once in a while. Too bad. Nice looking woman. Goes off like that every once in a while. Sure makes enough noise. Gets a little wild sometimes. Used to be a guy come to see her, little fella. I can remember he used to get down on his knees there beside her and say something like, Martha, I didn't have it on us, darling. Yeah, that's it. Then he'd say, I threw it away as soon as I found it in your jewelry box. He'd say it over and over like he thought it didn't bring her out of it.  Sure must have loved her an awful lot. But he was like the rest of them. After a while, he stopped coming. I don't suppose he's been back now for 10 or 11 years. Cue Joan Fontaine for a splendid performance. Miss Fontaine. Yes, Mr. Wilcox. I ran across your picture today in the new two-color auto-light spark plug advertisement in this week's issue of the Saturday Evening Post. Oh, yes, I saw that. Reading it, I learned more about auto-light-resistor spark plugs. Oh, that's swell. You know, Miss Fontaine, during the coming weeks, that same two-color advertisement will appear in many national publications. Auto-light wants to make sure that car owners everywhere replace old narrow-gap spark plugs with sensational new wide-gap auto-light-resistor spark plugs. They're made by auto-light men who make over 400 products for cars, trucks, airplanes, and boats in 28 auto-light plants from coast to coast. Auto-light also makes complete electrical systems for many makes of America's finest cars. Batteries, spark plugs, generators, starting motors, coils, distributors. All ignition engineer to fit together perfectly, work together perfectly, because they're a perfect team. So, folks, don't accept electrical parts that are supposed to be as good. Ask for and insist on auto-light, original factory parts at your neighborhood service station, car dealer, garage, or repair shop. Remember, you're always right with auto-light. Now here again is Miss Joan Fontaine. I very much enjoyed my appearance on Suspense tonight, and I'll be listening next week when Van Heflin appears in a really unusual story by Cornel Woolrich called Three O'Clock. I know it will be another gripping study in Suspense. Joan Fontaine can currently be seen in You Gotta Stay Happy, a rampart production co-starring James Stewart. Lester Sharp played the part of Sam. Tonight's Suspense Play the Love Birds was written by Cheryl Hendricks and adapted by Harold Swanton with music composed by Lucian Morrowek and conducted by Lud Gluskin. The entire production was under the direction of Anton M. Lieder. Next Thursday, same time, here Van Heflin in Three O'Clock. You can buy auto-light electrical parts, auto-light resistor spark plugs, auto-light staple batteries at your neighborhood auto-light dealer. Switch to auto-light. Good night. How to relieve human suffering across the nation, across the world. Give through your Red Cross. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hello, I am Lavanya Vasudevan from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India. It all started three years back when my advisor suggested that I work on human gut microbiota for my doctorate degree. As it started my research journey, in this continually growing field, these microbials and beons have never failed to astonish me till date. They can in fact be regarded as our old friends with whom we have co-evolved. This ecology that lives within our intestines are dependent on us and we likewise depend on them to a great extent. My research work focuses on how diet can be used to nurture these tiny residents in our gut thereby maximizing the health benefits we can achieve from them. As Hippocrates said many years back, let food be thai medicine. Thank you.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA podcasts, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Jormak Slim and joining me today is Derek Webster, CEO and owner of data center advisory and consulting firm ANGET. Derek, welcome to JSA and how things we do, we haven't spoken in a while. Well, these are very interesting times and the market is moving in slightly different ways and yeah COVID has had its impact and I think the data center world and the ICT world is up for a little bit more love and appreciation now. So a silver lining from a terrible, terrible situation. Well, we do got a look at the positives of this nightmare and I guess one of them is critical infrastructure data centers being recognized as critical infrastructure. But one thing that has also changed a lot and I don't know if COVID has had that much impact on that or not because this was already kind of happening before COVID is the investor profile within the data center space. I guess in the old days it was much more concentrated around the big hyperscalars and collocation operators. But now we are seeing it's private equity, it's hedge funds, it's funds of funds, it's a whole different monopoly of investors and people coming into this sector. How is the data center investor profile changing today? Yes, I mean it's a very, very good opener there. I mean at the moment if you look at data center spend for product it's now roughly 50-50 split between the hyperscalars buying 50% of everything, cloud, co-collo, telco and enterprise the other 50%. But behind that you're seeing private equity come and is that wouldn't normally be in the data center space now approaching the market. I think part of the reason for that is the traditional sectors, if you look at the investment sector as a pie, the data center sector was always a small slice of that pie but existing well-founded sectors aren't producing the traditional returns now. So private equity companies and the like are looking for what sectors are doing well. So the data center sector since the dot-com crash has now built up quite a good track record as being attractive. Hotels pre-COVID and senior living for example have all shown to be small slices of those pies returning big investment. So there is a drive for these funds to get more out of the stock that they hold and the track record that the data center industry is beginning to show. And even with the hyperscalars now you are now seeing them being seen as foreign direct investors. So private equity may be coming into play, family office, mergers and acquisitions, even debt funders now are beginning to look at the data center space as in a real estate land buy to shell and core build. Now we're going back to the dot-com boom times where banks would lend but stopping at the most expensive part the fitting out works. So that's very much a change. I'm also seeing special purpose vehicles approaching myself looking at where's the value add here because everybody's got a piece of land that is great right. That could be a data center space and it ends up being a real estate play until you look into where the value proposition is and you look at no it's an investment proposition it's not a real estate proposition. So yes those are the changes that I've seen in answer to your question. No I mean I think what you say is very interesting especially the different vehicles of acquisition and investment and I mean this is a sector at the end of the day it's trading with a with an editor of 20, 25, 30 time multiples which is massive especially when you compare it to other the verticals and then especially with COVID then when you start comparing it to other wider verticals then I guess the difference will be even more. And then I think the land acquisition real estate aspect of it as well that's very interesting because you do see the strength of a lot of acquisitions now of just pieces of land not even businesses but just pieces of land to really get that real estate to be able to build for demand in the next decade and beyond and then a whole different conversation will be what technologies are coming that's going to disrupt the whole thing and that we're not going to actually need to build massive facilities and then all this land will go but we'll talk about that in five years time. But carrying on with the the the investor conversation but Derek you are of course very involved with the industry on a lot of different fronts especially invest in front give us a sense of what you and and get and get are up to at the moment and where the focus is for the next year or so in terms of your work. Okay so I'm not going to say who I'm working with or what I'm working on now. So there's a lot of NDA's. Yeah yeah and some are really heavy too like they'll take your house away but which you never really sign those but you get the message all they're they're very very heavy but in terms of what have recently been worked on let's have a look at that. So one fascinating project was a very large global enterprise who were looking at their 15 year data center strategy and their board had to agree to a 15 year strategy and part of the task that I had was is this buy build or lease buy build lease and they showed me their data they showed me their iot data their power usage their information number crunching data and I was staggered because my advice to them was very fast you're you're going to be web scale in five years by 2020 standards so you're a global enterprise that will be building web scale therefore my advice is to build is to collow for the networks build your own and what it showed was perhaps a new class of customer a new class of data center segment which is the global enterprise company who will be building at such scale that they'll be building for themselves so that was absolutely fascinating also special purpose vehicles looking at I have a great piece of land so I'm doing a lot of value prop propositions with special purpose vehicles to have they really got something that has a value against thousands that could be have been doing some countryside search selection for foreign direct investors who like that undercover you know keep the client hidden myself being that front that front end and also advising boards and private equity funds too so yes I have been advising private equity companies on what's in the investments they should be looking at and advising them on what targets they are looking at just giving them some advice so that's what's just gone in terms of the future I think probably more more more the same with an added more green element and looking at the data center industry as a real estate deal a digital infrastructure and a power deal and where the M&A and the set off is okay well you leave me with a lot of questions that I know I won't get an answer for I mean I think it's no surprise to anyone that the sector is going to continue to see this massive consolidation wave and the tremendous amount of cash being poured into it as the world just becomes digital really I mean it's as simple as that really we all live on the digital planet at the moment so and Derek if people want to get to know more if they want to reach out to you how can they find out more um LinkedIn's a really good start it doesn't show everything that we've done for confidentiality but I just hope it gives a flavor so I would just advise people to look us up on the LinkedIn okay this sounds good well Derek I could carry on talking to you for ages because every time we talk there's always a lot of good insight coming out and a lot of new things I always learn um but I think we're going to have to keep that for part two at some point um but thank you so much for accepting the invitation to come on on the show um and thank you our viewers as well for tuning into JSA TV and JSA podcasts and don't forget to check out social media channels for more content until next time happy networking