Committee to Protect Journalists, Azerbaijani authorities should release Aziz Oradov. Azerbaijani authorities should release Aziz Oradov, director of the popular television channel Canal 13, from detention on charges of illegal construction and cease their illegal harassment of independent media. The Committee to Protect Journalists headquartered in New York said, it is noted that the Sabayil district court in Azerbaijan's capital Baku ordered that Oradov be held in pre-trial detention for three months. Oradov's lawyer, Varuz Behramov, told the Committee to Protect Journalists that Oradov had been building a home for himself on a plot of land that he had purchased. While the land was not officially registered to Oradov, Behramov said that this was also the case for thousands of other homes in Baku and that he was not aware of anyone else being arrested for the offense. Instead, the charges were in retaliation for Oradov's journalism according to the lawyer. The independent online broadcaster, Canal 13, regularly covers sensitive topics such as demonstrations and human rights violations and gives space to opposition views. Alasghar Mamadli, founder of Media Rights Group, which advocates for press freedom in Azerbaijan, told the Committee to Protect Journalists. Hot on the heels of last week's arrest of three journalists and media workers at the anti-corruption outlet, Abzaz Media, Azerbaijani authorities appear to be targeting yet another critical online news platform with the arrest of Aziz Oradov. Said Gulnozah Said, Committee to Protect Journalists, Europe and Central Asia Programme Coordinator in New York. Azerbaijani authorities should release Oradov, drop the charges against him and end their crackdown on the independent press. Oradov's wife, Lamia Oradova, told the Committee to Protect Journalists that her husband was arrested like a terrorist by eight police officers, seven of whom were wearing masks. Police confiscated documents and USB sticks from Canal 13's office and also took two laptops, a cell phone, documents and bank cards from their home, she said. Bayramov told CPJ that there was no legal basis under the illegal construction charges for conducting the searches and ordering Oradov's pretrial detention. The Committee to Protect Journalists emailed the Baku Police Department and the Ministry of Internal Affairs for comment, but did not immediately receive any replies.


Do you ever wonder why people say busy is a beaver? Well if you've ever been in an area with a beaver pond, the saying makes perfect sense. They're very active animals and their activity is especially apparent in the fall as they prepare for winter. So how do beavers survive the long cold winter? As you know, beavers build dams and streams that create ponds. The lodge and winter food cache are in this newly created area of deeper water. The lodge is about 15 feet in diameter and 4 to 5 feet high. It is constructed of sticks and mud which make it very durable and warm. The lodge has two openings both under water where the beavers enter and exit. This is a survival mechanism to defend themselves against predators. The lodge can house up to four adults and six or eight young beavers. The beavers also need something to eat during the winter so they get busy in the fall and cache food. Willows and sticks are collected from the banks and stacked in the pond. When the water freezes the beavers can still access the pile from below and eat the bark and twigs. Beavers will still go ashore and cut fresh trees as long as they can break through the ice at the edge of the pond. I guess if I had to survive outside in Wyoming I'd become as busy as the beaver making my winter arrangements. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Mae Smith, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


Good morning and welcome to CMC Markets on Friday the 24th of May and this quick preview of the week beginning the 28th of May and the sands of time appear to have run out for Prime Minister Theresa May as she announced her resignation this morning just after 10am UK time. She will be gone by the 7th of June in the wake of or in the wake of the departure of President Trump back to the United States and in the wake of the 75th anniversary of D-Day commemorations and it's been a long time coming for the Prime Minister it's become apparent quite some time ago that she would probably be very fortunate to get her withdrawal agreement through the House of Commons and the last straw came earlier this week when she tried to tag on the end of it a confirmatory referendum which pretty much caused the Conservative Party to erupt in unified fury against her but in outlining the terms of her departure it doesn't change the overall mathematics of the problems currently facing UK MPs anyone hoping for a quick resolution is likely to be disappointed and with the European elections this week and the Conservative Party and the Labour Party likely to be very big losers in those European elections it suggests that the divisions within the country are likely to remain as wide as ever and could well complicate matters in the event that the UK applies for an extension ahead of the October deadline I think in terms of where we go to next it's going to be very uncertain in terms of who becomes the next Prime Minister first and foremost Boris Johnson has to make it on the ticket to actually get put forward to Conservative Party members and given how he is perceived by some members of the Conservative Party that is by no means guaranteed but certainly over the course of the next two to three weeks we can certainly see the runners and riders set to make their pitches to not only their fellow MPs but also to the party faithful as well so the Pound has as at the time of speaking seen a little bit of a rebound after 14 successive days of declines and while some would argue that the removal of Prime Minister may to be replaced by potentially a hardcore Brexiteer makes a no-deal Brexit much more likely that's not necessarily the case yes that is the default position in law we're still five months away from that but I think it's more than likely that we could well see the Labour Party push for another general election but what I think much will depend on how the Lib Dems do and the Brexit Party does in the European elections when the results come in on Sunday night a big win for the Brexit Party could well cause the EU to conclude the UK is a lost cause and prompt some like France to push to rip the Band-Aid off and draw a line under the whole affair on the other hand if the Lib Dems do particularly well then there could be those within the EU who could argue that maybe it's worth giving the UK another chance in the event that we do ask for another extension but we are well away from potentially putting ourselves in that situation we first and foremost have to find out what's going to happen with respect to the next Conservative Party leader and the next Prime Minister and that is going to take at least a couple of months so at the moment the time that Donald Trump Donald Trump Donald Tusk alluded to a leader of the EU council about not wasting time well it looks like we're going to continue to waste time for at least another two months what does that mean for cable well we can see from this chart here that we are approaching the lower end of the recent range so there's a big supporter around about the 125 area at the moment we've we've declined for 14 days in a row we're coming up to a long weekend we potentially could be finding a little bit of a short-term base around about 126 I think much will depend on the weakness or otherwise of the US dollar and certainly over the course of the next week or so there's not really that much in the way of economic data or political risk to really drive the pound one way or the other if we also look at euro sterling what we have seen is a significant break above the 200 day moving average and if we look at this chart here we can see that now we're above it it's likely to act as fairly decent support on any pullback so support's likely to come in around about 87 1890 with a break back below that potentially signalling a move back to the 87 level but certainly in the context of this 14 day up move we are potentially due a little bit of a pause but the bias does appear to have shifted slightly towards the upside as we look towards the next few days so what's on the calendar in next for next week well obviously keep an eye out for the results of the European elections will we get a more Eurosceptic European Parliament or will the established order do better than most people expect in terms of data that's due out we have got a bank of Canada rate decision so let's have a look at dollar CAD in that context and we can see that over the course of the last few weeks dollar CAD the US dollar has been in a nice little uptrend against the Canadian dollar the Canadian dollar has weakened over the course of the past few few months but has pretty much gone sideways over the last three or four weeks but one thing has been notable and and I think that was born out by some of the recent data that we've seen out of the Canadian economy there had been concerns about the health of that economy weak GDP weak consumer spending numbers had seen the bank of Canada pivot to a much more dovish position in recent months the removal of the reference that rates might need to rise further over time earlier this year sore expectations rise of the next moving rates might well be lower and possibly come later this year now these expectations have subsided a little bit in the wake of some very strong payrolls numbers from ADP as well as public payrolls numbers we've also seen a big pickup in retail spending which is bright into the mood so maybe we could be in line for a little bit of Canadian dollar strength over the course of the next week or so we're not expecting any changes from the bank of Canada no changes in policy I think I'll pay particular attention to any changing guidance in light of some of the recent improvement in the economic data which could exert upward pressure on the Canadian dollar the offset to that could be if we see a decline in oil prices which we have seen over the past couple of days which could well undermine the Canadian dollar other data to keep an eye out for in the coming few days is Chinese manufacturing a non-manufacturing PMIs for May the recent data flash PMIs out of Germany in the US have softened a little and if they've softened a little in the US and Germany then the likelihood is they're probably going to continue to remain soft in China as well particularly now that trade trade talk escalations have been ramped up and that's why we've seen the big declines that we've seen in equity markets over the course of the past few days if we look at the FTSE 100 we can see that born out here on the weekly chart let's just draw that down into a daily chart at the moment we are holding up fairly well just above 7200 that's likely to be a very key support level but below that we've also got a nice little area of support around about 71 20 71 30 we do feel though that I think I do feel that we are in a little bit of a downtrend at the moment particularly if we're unable to take out these these highs here which come in around about 73 80 I think we can get a better idea of what indices look like if we look at the German DAX at the moment we're just about holding above that 50 day moving average and also that trend line support from the lows that we saw the end of December so I think watch the DAX for any future direction when it comes to the outlook for European markets if we break below the 50 day and we break below this trend line support then we could see a little bit of a rush down towards the 200 day moving average also keep an eye on this 14th of May low here which currently comes in around about 11,800 so we've got a whole host of support areas coming in just around about just below the 12,000 area but if we break below 11,800 then we could we'll see further heavy declines going forward. Other things to keep an eye out for this week it's fairly light in terms of the earnings picture we do have US first quarter GDP on the 30th of May this will be a revision to the 3.2 percent expansion number that we saw a month ago so I don't expect too much of a revision there that is really not likely to move the dial that much we have a whole host of earnings and announcements out from Abercrombie and Fitch Dick's Sporting Goods Dell Technologies the gap so in terms of US retail it's likely to be a big week for US retail particularly looking at the online sales numbers so I say that's it for this week thank you very much for listening it's Michael Euston talking to you from CMC Markets


This is stock number 11361. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck and RAM headquarters today. We are checking out this super clean 2016 RAM 2500 crew cab short box This truck has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. It has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go Brilliant black crystal pearls the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely Your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck Before seeing it in person and if you'd like to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right hand part of Your screen is a link to our website. Click that and check us out there This one comes with the fuel 20 inch painted and polished aluminum rims and it has Nitto Ridge Grappler 35 by 12 and a half hour 20 LT tires and they have right around half the tread left on them comes with the Suspension lift kit on here. It's a BDS Fox shocks on here Pretty good looking lift Heavy-duty spring Has the big horn night edition which gives you those blacked out headlamp bezels painted front bumpers factory fog lights The hood is in really nice shape Didn't see any major dents or dings on there and you get the blacked out ram and grill on There as well passenger side front fender is an excellent shape And the passenger side rim no major scuffs or scrapes on there As you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is We take these HD videos So if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down But you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle You can see the truck hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here So that when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises And that's why we offer the summit auto fast-pass option in the upper right hand part of your screen a link right to our website Where you can apply for financing get proof proof see a payment quote even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home So when you get here, all you got to do is drive the truck love it You'll be all set to go back tires have just as much tread as the front tires Maybe a little bit more and the frame and under body other than a little bit of surface rust is in really nice condition Has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been altered in any way and it does have the power running boards as We come around to the back of the vehicle the rear bumper is in nice shape as well It does have the backup parking sensors full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring and it does have The blacked out four by four and RAM logos on there as well the tailgates in really nice shape And it does come with a trucks or I'm sorry a gator soft roll-up tonneau cover I Didn't see any rips or tears on there pretty nice shape comes with the spray and bed liner and You do get LED bed lighting back here as well Wanted to point out that we do have a spare Matching rim that goes with this truck So that will be in the truck when you come to take a look at it Get the LED tail lamps on there as well And as we go down the driver's side just as nice that passenger side Box looks pretty good And for full disclosure this back rim is in excellent shape as well Down the rest of this side of the truck Paint is very nice and mirror like has the heated fold-out tow mirrors. They fold out like so. They also fold in You can see those Power running boards work nice. Those are amp research power boards inside you get the Mopar cat skin aftermarket leather Ram stitched into the backrest even has the floral design Embossed on there Power driver seat lumbar factory floor mats It does have auto headlamps power windows power locks and power mirrors those mirrors also power fold in I always like showing both sides so that you know all the options are working on the truck Then we'll hop inside and take a quick look At the instrument cluster and everything that the interior has to offer on this truck Get the big horn animation at the beginning here and you can see that This one has 53,685 miles digital speedometer outside temperature display compass display And you can change those corners to read whatever you'd like comes with the heated Leather wrap steering wheel cruise controls on the right Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and audio controls in the back of the steering wheel six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. This one comes with the 8.4 3c radio am f m and serious xm radio capabilities on here Um, you do get your heated seats and heated steering wheel controls. You can also check out your backup camera And your cargo cam at any time And then you can do your climate controls here as well including your dual climate controls there Down here you have your turned out four-wheel drive and you have more tactile Climate controls with knobs and buttons and volume and tune knobs there as well factory brake controller Five auxiliary upfit switches stability control toe hall and your factory exhaust brake your rear parking sensors You can turn those off and on it does come with a 115 volt 150 watt plug-in and the passenger side seat And floor mat are in excellent shape as well And this one does have the power sunroof map lights power sign rear window home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems And 911 and assist buttons in that rear view mirror We'll take a quick look At the back seats and then we will check out under the hood Back seats are just as clean as the front seats They have that kind of cool floral design imprinted in them as well Factory floor mats back here these seats do fold up and you do have a kicker subwoofer on this side You do get the load floor on that side And you get in for storage on each side with removable containers for easy cleaning You can put ice and drinks in there. It's like you have too many coolers wherever you go Child safety locks on the back doors as well bottoms of the doors all look pretty good And we'll start it up and take a look under the hood Looks like somebody's put led Head lamps in here I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this hd video We'll been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out Under the hood we had the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel and today's very clean on some very smooth Once again, this truck has been fully safetyed and inspected by our service shop has a brush oil and filter change All the fluids have been checked and topped off And this truck is 100 ready to go And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks stv's minivans Wranglers half tons three quarter tons one tons. You name it. We got a go to that website right there www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations All at summit auto.com if you'd like to check out more hd videos You can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there In fact, any second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left Any links more ram 2500 truck videos like this one i'd write if you have not been to our website on the bottom Link to this vehicle on our website. Click those check us out And we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2016 ram 2500 crew cab Short box big horn night edition and brilliant black crystal pearl. Thanks again for checking out the video


SCARESLY A WEEK HAD PASSED BEFORE THE NEW PIECE AND HAPPINESS OF THE FRENCH COLONY WAS BROUGHT TO A CRUEL END. Late one night the men on board the French ships saw a great black hulk loom silently up out of the darkness. It was followed by another and another. No word was spoken, and in eerie silence the strange ships crept stealthily onwards and cast anchor beside the French. The stillness grew terrible. At length it was broken by a trumpet call from the deck of one of the silent newcomers. Then a voice came through the darkness. Gentlemen, it asked, whence does this fleet come? From France was the reply. What are you doing here was the next question. We are bringing soldiers and supplies for a fort which the King of France has in this country and for many which he soon will have. Are you Catholics or Lutherans? The question came sharply across the dark water. It was answered by many voices. We are Lutherans, cried the French. We are of the new religion. Then it was the Frenchman's turn to ask questions. Who are you, they cried, and whence come ye? I am Pedro Menendez, replied the voice out of the darkness. I am Admiral of the fleet of the King of Spain, and I am come into this country to hang and behead all Lutherans whom I may find by land or by sea, and my King has given me such strict commands that I have power to pardon no man of them, and these commands I shall obey to the letter as you will see. At dawn I shall come aboard your ship, and if there I find any Catholic he shall be well treated, but every heretic shall die. Then reply to this speech a shout of wrath went up from the Frenchman. If you are a brave man, they cried, why wait for dawn, come on now and see what you will get. Then in their anger they heaped insults upon the Spaniards and poured forth torrents of scuffing words. Thereupon Menendez was so enraged that he swore to silence those Lutheran dogs once and for ever, so the order was given, and his great ship slowly moved towards the French. The threats of the French had been but idle boasting, they could not withstand the Spaniards for their leader was ashore with most of his soldiers, so cutting their cables they fled out to sea pursued by the foe. There was a mad chase through the darkness, but the heretic devils, as the Spaniards called them, were skillful sailors. Menendez could not catch them, and when day dawned he gave up the chase and moodily turned back to Fort Caroline. Here he found the French ready for him, and they seemed so strong that he would not attack, but sailed away southwards until he reached the River of Dolphins. Here Menendez landed and took possession of the country in the name of the King of Spain. While cannon-boomed and trumpets-blue he stepped on shore followed by his officers and gentlemen. In all the gay trappings of knighthood, with many colored banners fluttering in the breeze, they marched. Then as they advanced another procession came toward them. At the head of it was a priest in all the pomp and splendor of his priestly robes. He carried a gilded crucifix in his hand, and as he marched he sang a te deum. When the two processions met Menendez and all his company knelt, and bearing their heads kissed the crucifix. So was the land claimed for Spain and the Catholic faith, and St. Augustine, the oldest town in the United States, was founded. Meanwhile the fleeing French ships had turned, followed the Spaniards and seen them land. Then they went back to Fort Caroline with the news. While these things had been happening, Laudonnière had been very ill. He was still in bed when Ribault, followed by several of his chief officers, came to his room to tell him the news which the returning ships had just brought.  It was decided to attack the Spaniards and drive them from the land, but how? First one plan, and then another was discussed, and to each someone objected, but at length it was decided to go by sea and attack the Spaniards suddenly in their newly founded fort. So almost every man who could hold a gun set forth with Ribault, and Laudonnière was left in the fort with the feeble and sick, and scarcely a man besides who had ever drawn a sword or fired a shot. Their leader was as sick and feeble as any of them, but he dragged himself from his bed to review his forces. They were poor indeed, but Laudonnière made the best of them. He appointed each man to a certain duty. He set a watch night and day, and he began to repair the broken down walls of the fort, so that they would be able to make some show of resistance in case of attack. Laudonnière was thus ordering his poor little garrison, the ships carrying the rest of the colonists, sailed on their way. The wind was fair, and in the night they crept close to where the Spanish vessels lay. But when day dawned and the Spaniards saw the French vessels close to them, they fled to the shelter of their harbour, and a sudden storm arising, the French were driven out to sea again. As Menendez watched them from the shore he rejoiced. He knew by the number of ships that most of the French colonists must be in them, and he hoped that they would all be lost in the storm. Then as he watched, a sudden thought came to him. While the French men were battling with wind and waves, he resolved to move quickly over land and take Fort Caroline, for he knew that it must be almost, if not quite, unprotected. One of the French mutineers who had deserted Laudonnière was now in the Spanish fort. He would show the way. Full of this splendid idea, eager to carry it out at once, he ordered mass to be said, then he called a council and laid his plan before his officers. They however met his eagerness with coldness. It was a mad and hopeless plan, they thought, and they did their best to dissuade Menendez from it. But Menendez was determined to go. Comrades, he said, it is now that we must show our courage and our zeal. This is God's war, and we must not turn our backs upon it. It is war against heretics, and we must wage it with blood and with fire. But the Spanish leader's eager words awoke no response in the heart of his hearers. They answered him only with mutterings. Still Menendez insisted. The debate grew stormy and angry words were flung this way and that. At length, however, Menendez had his way. The clamour was stilled. The officers gave a grudging consent, and preparations for the march were begun. In a few days all was ready and the expedition set out. It was a simple matter. There was no great train of sumpter mules or baggage wagons. Each man carried his own food and ammunition, and twenty axmen marched in front of the little army to give away through the forest. The storm still raged. Rain fell in torrents, and the wind howled ceaselessly as on and on the men trudged. They plunged through seas of mud and grass which grew waist high and threaded their way along the narrow paths cloven for them by the axmen. So for three days they toiled onward.  But while the men cursed, Menendez prayed. All night he prayed, and before day dawn he called his officers to a council. They were now within a mile of Fort Caroline, and he was eager to attack. But his officers were sick of the whole business. The men were utterly disheartened. One and all they clambered to return. Yet once again Menendez bent them to his will. In the darkness of the forest he spoke to the wretched, shivering, rain-drenched men. He taunted, he persuaded, and at length rung from them a sullen consent to follow him. So once again the miserable march was begun, and when day dawned they stood on the hill above the Fort. No sound came from it, no watchman stood upon the ramparts. For towards morning, seeing that it rained harder than ever, the captain of the guard had sent his men to bed, for they were soaked to the skin and he was sorry for them. In such rain and wind what enemy would venture forth, he asked himself. It was folly to stay abroad on such a night, he thought. So he dismissed the guard and went off to bed. Thus none heard or saw the approach of the Spaniards. Then suddenly the silence of the dawn was broken with fierce war-cries. At them shouted the Spaniards, God is with us! The sleeping Frenchmen started from their beds in terror. Half naked they sprang to arms. On every side the Spaniards poured in. The dim light of dawn showed the dark, cruel faces and the gleam of drawn swords. Then clash of steel, screams of frightened women and children, curses, prayers, all mingled together in terrible confusion. At the first alarm La Doniere sprang from his bed and seizing his sword called his men to follow him. But the Spaniards surrounded him, his men were slain and scattered, and he himself was forced back into the yard of his house. Here there was a tent. This stopped his pursuers, for they stumbled over the cordage and became entangled with it. The confusion gave La Doniere a few minutes respite in which he escaped through a breach in the ramparts and took refuge in the forest. A few others fleeing this way and that escaped likewise, but some—the first moment of terror or past—resolved to return and throw themselves on the mercy of the Spaniards, rather than face starvation in the woods. They are men, said one. It may be when their fury is spent they will spare our lives. Even if they slay us, what of that? It is but a moment's pain. Better that than to starve here in the woods or be torn to pieces by wild beasts. Still some held back, but most agreed to throw themselves upon the mercy of the Spaniards. So unarmed and almost naked as they were, they turned back to give themselves up. But little did these simple Frenchmen understand the fury of the foe. When they neared the fort, the Spaniards rushed out upon them, and unheeding their cries for mercy slew them to a man. Those who had held back when they saw the fate of their companions fled through the forest. Some sought refuge among the Indians, but even from that refuge the Spaniards hunted them forth and slew them without pity. Thus the land was filled with bloodshed and ruin. Many were slain at once by the sword, others were hanged on trees round the fort, and over them Menendez wrote, I do this not as to Frenchmen, but as to Lutherans. Only a few miserable stragglers, after untold sufferings, reached the little ship which still lay at anchor in the river. Among these was Laudonière. Their one desire now was to flee homewards, and unfurling their sails they set out for France. The colony of Fort Caroline was wiped out, and rejoicing at the success of his bold scheme, Menendez marched back to St. Augustine where a teideum was sung in honour of this victory over heretics. Meanwhile the Frenchmen who had set forth to attack St. Augustine by sea had been driven hither and thither by the storm, and at length were wrecked. But although the ships were lost, all or nearly all of the men succeeded in reaching the shore in safety, and not knowing what had happened at Fort Caroline they set out in two companies to try to reach the fort by land. But they never reached the fort. For one morning scarcely ten days after the destruction of Fort Caroline some Indians came to Menendez with the news that they had seen a French ship wrecked a little to the south. The news delighted Menendez, and he at once set out to capture the shipwrecked men. It was not long before he saw the lights of the French camp in the distance, but on coming nearer it was seen that they were on the other side of an arm of the sea, so that it was impossible to reach them. Hiding, therefore, in the bushes by the waters edge, Menendez and his men watched the Frenchmen on the other side. The Spaniards soon saw that their enemies were in distress. They suspected that they were starving, for they could be seen walking up and down the shore seeking shellfish. But Menendez wanted to make sure of the state they were in, and he made up his mind to get nearer to the Frenchmen. So he put off his fine clothes, and dressing himself like a common sailor, got into a boat and rowed across the water. Seeing him come, one of the Frenchmen swam out to meet him. As he drew near, Menendez called out to him. Who are you, and whence com ye? We are followers of Rebeau, Viceroy of the King of France, answered the Frenchman. Are you Catholics or Lutherans? asked Menendez. We are Lutherans, answered the man. Then after a little more talk, Menendez told who he was. With this news the man swam back to his companions, but he soon returned to the boat to say that five of the French leaders wished to speak with the Spanish leader, and begged for safe conduct to his camp. To this Menendez readily agreed, and returning to his own side he sent the boat back to bring the Frenchmen over. When they landed, Menendez received them courteously, and after returning his ceremonious greetings, the Frenchmen begged the Spaniards to lend them a boat, so that they might cross the river which lay between them and Fort Caroline. At this request Menendez smiled evilly. Gentlemen, he said, it were idle for you to go to your fort. It has been taken, and every man is slain. But the Frenchmen could not at first believe that he spoke the truth, so in proof of his words the Spanish leader, bad his men, show the heretics the plunder which had been taken from their fort. As they looked upon it the hearts of the Frenchmen sank. Then ordering breakfast to be sent to them, Menendez left them, and went to breakfast with his own officers. Breakfast over he came back to the Frenchmen, and as he looked at their gloomy faces his heart rejoiced.  Yes, replied the Frenchmen, we believe. It would be useless now to go to the fort. All we ask of you is to lend us ships, so that we may return home. I would gladly do so, replied Menendez, if you were Catholics and if I had ships. But I have none. Then seeing that he would give them no help to reach home the Frenchmen begged Menendez at least to let them stay with his people until help came to them from France. It was little enough to ask, they thought, as France and Spain were at peace. But there was no pity or kindliness in the Spanish general's heart. All Catholics, he replied sternly, I would defend and succour, but as for you you are Lutherans and I must hold you as enemies. I will wage war against you with blood and fire. I will wage it fiercely, both by land and sea, for I am viceroy for my king in this country. I am here to plant the Holy Gospel in this land, that the Indians may come to the light and knowledge of the holy Catholic faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, as taught by the Roman Church.  In no other way can you have truce or friendship with me. To this the Frenchmen knew not what to say. First they consulted together, then some of them went back across the water to take counsel with those who waited there. They talked long, and anxiously those on the Spanish side awaited their return. At length one of their messengers returned, and going to Menendez he offered him a large sum of money, if he would swear to spare their lives. But Menendez would promise nothing. The Frenchmen were helpless. They were starving and in his hands, and both he and they knew it. They saw no hope anywhere, so they yielded to the Spanish general's demands. Once more the boat was sent across the water, and this time it came back laden with banners, arms, and armor. Then guarded by Spanish soldiers the Frenchmen were brought across by tens. As each batch landed they found themselves prisoners, their arms were taken from them, and their hands were tied behind their backs. All day, hour after hour, the boat plied to and fro, and when all the Frenchmen had been brought over they were ordered to march forward. The Spanish general walked in front, but he did not go far, and the sun was already setting, and it was time to camp for the night. So but a little way from the shore he stopped and drew a line in the sand, and when the wretched Frenchmen reached that line, weaponless and helpless as they were, they were one and all put to death. Then, glorying in his deed, Menendez returned to St. Augustine. But he had not yet completely wiped out the French colony, for besides those he had so ruthlessly slain there was another large party under Ribbeau, who, ignorant of all that had happened, were still slowly making their way to Fort Caroline. But again news of their whereabouts was brought to Menendez by Indians, and again he set off to waylay them. He found them on the same spot as he had found the first party, but this time the Frenchmen had made a raft, and upon this they were preparing to cross the water when the Spaniards came upon them. The Frenchmen were in such misery that many of them greeted the appearance of their enemies with joy, but others were filled with misgiving. Still they resolved to try to make terms with the Spaniards, so first one of his officers and then Ribbeau himself rode across the strip of water to parley with the Spanish leader. They found him as pitiless as their companions had found him, and seeing that they could make no terms with him, many of the Frenchmen refused to give themselves up, and they marched away. But after much parleying, and many comings and goings across the river, Ribbeau, believing that Menendez would spare their lives, yielded up himself and the rest of his company to the Spaniards. He was soon undiseived, for he was led away among the bushes, and his hands were tied behind his back. As his followers came over they too were bound and led away. Then as trumpets blew and drums beat, the Spaniards fell upon their helpless prisoners, and slew them to a man. When Ribbeau saw that his hour was come he did not flinch. We are but dust, he said, and to dust we must return, twenty years more or less can matter little. So with the words of a psalm upon his lips he met the sword thrust. Not till every man lay dead was the fury of the Spaniards sated. Then his horrible labour ended, Menendez returned once more in triumph to his fort. Those of the French who had refused to give themselves up to Menendez now wandered back to the shore where their ship had been wrecked. Out of the broken pieces they tried to build a ship in which they might sail homeward, but again news of their doings was brought to Menendez by the Indians, and again he set out to crush them. When the Frenchmen saw the Spaniards come they fled in terror, but Menendez sent a messenger after them promising that if they yielded to him he would spare their lives. Most of them yielded, and Menendez kept his promise. He treated his prisoners well, but when an opportunity arrived he sent them home to end their lives as galley slaves. End of chapter 9. Red on October 26th, 2007, in Oceanside, California. This country of ours, chapter 10. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. This reading by Kara Schellenberg. This country of ours, chapter 10. How a Frenchman avenged the death of his countrymen. When the news of these terrible massacres reached France it was greeted with a cry of horror. Even the boy king, Charles IX, Catholic though he was, demanded redress, but the king of Spain declared that the Frenchmen had been justly served. The land upon which they had settled was his, he said, and they had no right to be there. He was sorry that they were Frenchmen, but they were also pirates and robbers, and had received only the just reward of their misdeeds. Neither Charles nor his mother, who was the real ruler in France at this time, wished to quarrel with the king of Spain, so finding that no persuasions would move him, and that instead of being punished, Menendez was praised and rewarded, they let the matter drop. But there was one man in France who would not thus tamely submit to the tyranny of Spain. His name was Dominique de Gorge. He hated the Spaniards with a deadly hatred, and when he heard of the Florida massacre he vowed to avenge the death of his countrymen. He sold all that he had, borrowed what money he could, and with three ships and a goodly company of soldiers and sailors set sail. At first, however, he kept his real object secret. Instead of steering straight for Florida, he steered southward, making believe that he was going to Africa for slaves. But after encountering storms and contrarie winds, he turned westward, and when off the coast of Cuba he gathered all his men together and told them what he had set out to do. In vivid, terrible words he recounted to them the horrible slaughter. Shall we let such cruelty go unpunished? he asked. What fame for us if we avenge it? To this end I have given my fortune, and I counted on you to help me. Was I wrong? No, they all cried. We will go with you to avenge our countrymen. So with hearts filled with thoughts of vengeance they sailed onward to Fort Caroline. The Spaniards had repaired the fort, and now called it Fort Mateo. They had also built two small forts nearer the mouth of the river to guard the entrance to it. Now one afternoon the men in these forts saw three ships go sailing by. These were the French ships belonging to Gorge and his companions. But the men in the forts thought that they were Spanish ships, and therefore fired a salute. Gorge did not un-deceive them. He fired a salute in reply and sailing on as if he were going elsewhere was soon lost to sight. At length having found a convenient place out of sight of the forts he drew to the shore. But when he would have landed he saw that the whole beach was crowded with savages armed with bows and arrows and ready for war. For the Indians too had taken the strange ships to be Spanish, and as they had grown to hate the Spaniards with a deadly hatred they were prepared to withstand their landing. Fortunately, Gorge had on board a trumpeter who had been in Florida with Laudanier. So now he sent him on shore to talk with the Indians. And as soon as they recognized him they greeted him with shouts of joy. Then they led him at once to their chief, who was no other than Saturiona, Laudanier's one-time friend. So amid great rejoicings the Frenchmen landed. Then Saturiona poured into their ears the tale of his wrongs.  Not one peaceful day, he said, have the Indians known since the Frenchmen went away. When Gorge heard this he was well pleased. If you have been ill-treated by the Spaniards, he said, the French will avenge you. At this Saturiona leapt for joy. What, he cried, will you fight the Spaniards? Yes, replied Gorge, but you must do your part also.  That is well, said Gorge, how soon can you be ready? For if we fight we should fight at once. In three days we can be ready, said the Indian. See to it then, said Gorge, that you are a secret in the matter so that the Spaniards suspect nothing. Have no fear, replied Saturiona, we wish them more ill than you do. The third day came, and true to his word Saturiona appeared, surrounded by hundreds of warriors, fearful in paint and feathers. Then, some by water, some by land, the French and Indians set forth, and after many hardships and much toil they reached one of the forts which the Spaniards had built near the river's mouth. From the shelter of the surrounding trees they gazed upon it.  There are the murderers who slew our countrymen. At his words the men were hardly to be restrained. In eager whispers they begged to be led on, so the word was given and the Frenchmen rushed upon the fort. The Spaniards had just finished their midday meal when a cry was heard from the ramparts. To arms, to arms, the French are coming. They were taken quite unawares, and with but short resistance they fled. The French and Indians pursued them and hemmed them in, so that not one man escaped. In like manner the second fort was also taken, and every man slain or made prisoner. The next day was Sunday, and Gorge spent it resting and making preparations to attack Fort Mateo. When the Spaniards in Fort Mateo saw the French and their great host of yelling, dancing Indians, they were filled with fear, and in order to find out how strong the force really was one of them dressed himself as an Indian and crept within the French lines. But almost at once he was seen by a young Indian chief, and his disguise being thus discovered he was seized and questioned. He owned that there were scarce three hundred men in the fort, and that, believing the French to number at least two thousand, they were completely terror-stricken. This news delighted Gorge, and next morning he prepared to attack. The fort was easily taken. When the Spaniards saw the French attack panic seized them and they fled into the forest. But there the Indians, mad with the desire of blood and vengeance, met them. Many fell before the tomahawks. Others turned back, choosing rather to die at the hands of the French than of the Indians. But which way they turned there was no escape. Nearly all were slain. A few only were taken prisoner. When the fight was over Gorge brought all the prisoners from the three forts together. He led them to the trees where Menendez had hanged the Frenchmen a few months before. There he spoke to them. Did you think that such foul treachery, such abominable cruelty, would go unpunished, he said? Nay, I, one of the most lowly of my king's subjects, have taken upon myself to avenge it. There is no name shameful enough with which to brand your deeds, no punishment severe enough to repay them. But though you cannot be made to suffer as you deserve, you shall suffer all that an enemy may honorably inflict. Thus your fate shall be an example to teach others to keep the peace and friendly alliance which you have broken so wickedly. And having spoken thus sternly to the trembling wretches, Gorge ordered his men to hang them on the very same trees upon which Menendez had hanged the Frenchmen. And over their heads he nailed tablets of wood upon which were burned the words, not as Spaniards or as mariners, but as traitors, robbers, and murderers. Then at length the vengeance of Gorge was satisfied, but indeed it was scarce complete, for Menendez, the chief mover and leader of the Spaniards, was safe in Europe, and beyond the reach of any private man's vengeance. The Spaniards, too, were strongly entrenched at St. Augustine, so strongly indeed that Gorge knew he had not forced enough to oust them. He had not even many enough to keep the three forts he had won, so he resolved to destroy them. This delighted the Indians, and they worked with such vigor that in one day all three forts were made level with the ground. Then having accomplished all that he had come to do, Gorge made ready to depart, whereupon the Indians set up a wail of grief. With tears they begged the Frenchmen to stay, and when they refused they followed them all the way to the shore, praising them and giving them gifts and praying them to return. So leaving the savages weeping upon the shore the Frenchmen sailed away, and little more than a month later they reached home. When they heard of what Gorge had done the Huguenots rejoiced, and they greeted him with honour and praise. But Philip of Spain was furiously angry.  King Charles, too, being in fear of the King of Spain, looked upon him coldly, so that for a time he was obliged to flee away and hide himself. Gorge had used all his money to set forth on his expedition, so for a few years he lived in poverty, but Queen Elizabeth at length heard of him and his deeds, and as she, too, hated the Spaniards she was pleased at what he had done, and she asked him to enter her service. Thus at length he was restored to honour and favour, and in honour and favour he continued all the rest of his life. This Country of Hours by H. E. Marshall Chapter 11 The Adventures of Sir Humphrey Gilbert The terrible disasters in Florida did not altogether stop French adventurers from going to the New World, but to avoid conflict with Spain they sailed henceforth more to the northern shores of America and endeavored to found colonies there. This made Englishmen angry, for by right of Cabot's voyages they claimed all America, from Florida to Newfoundland, which, says a writer in the time of Queen Elizabeth, they bought and annexed unto the Crown of England. The English, therefore, looked upon the French as interlopers and usurpers. The French, however, paid little attention to the English claims. They explored the country, named mountains, rivers, capes, and bays, and planted colonies where they liked. Thus began the long two hundred years struggle between the French and English for possession of North America. The French had already planted a colony on the St. Lawrence when an Englishman, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, determined also to plant one in North America. He was the first Englishman ever to attempt to found a colony in America. Many Englishmen had indeed sailed there before him, but they had only gone in quest of gold and of adventures, and without any thought of founding a New England across the seas. This now, with Queen Elizabeth's permission, was what Sir Humphrey hoped to do. He set out with a little fleet of five ships. One of these was called the Raleigh, and had been fitted out by the famous Sir Walter Raleigh, who was Gilbert's step-brother. Walter Raleigh, no doubt, would gladly have gone with the company himself, but he was at the time in high favour with good Queen Bess, and she forbade him to go on any such dangerous expedition. So he had to content himself with helping to fit out expeditions for other people. The Raleigh was the largest ship of the little fleet, and Sir Walter spared no cost in fitting it out. But before they had been two days at sea, the captain of the Raleigh, and many of his men, fell ill. This so greatly discouraged them that they turned back to Plymouth. Sir Humphrey was sad indeed at the loss of the largest and best fitted ship of his expedition, but he held on his way, undaunted. They had a troublous passage. Contrary winds, fogs, and icebergs delayed them. In a fog, two of the ships named the Swallow and the Squirrel separated from the others, but still Sir Humphrey sailed on. At length land came in sight, but it was a barren, unfriendly coast, nothing but hideous rocks and mountains, bare of trees and void of any green herbs, says one who went with the expedition. And seeing it so uninviting, they sailed southward along the coast, looking for a fairer land. And now, to their great joy, they fell in again with the Swallow. The men in the Swallow were glad, too, to see the golden hind and the delight once more. They threw their caps into the air and shouted aloud for joy. Soon after the reappearance of the Swallow, the Squirrel also turned up, so the four ships were together again. Together they sailed into the harbour of St. John's in Newfoundland. Here they found fishermen from all countries, for Newfoundland had by this time become famous as a fishing ground, and every summer ships from all countries went there to fish. Sir Humphrey, armed as he was with a commission from Queen Elizabeth, was received with all honour and courtesy by these people. And on Monday, August 5th, 1583, he landed and solemnly took possession of the country for two hundred leagues north, south, east, and west, in the name of England's Queen. First his commission was read aloud and interpreted to those of foreign lands who were there. Then one of Sir Humphrey's followers brought him a twig of a hazel tree and a sod of earth, and put them into his hands, as a sign that he took possession of the land and all that was in it. Then proclamation was made that these lands belonged to Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth of England by the grace of God. And if any person shall utter words sounding to the dishonour of Her Majesty, he shall lose his ears and have his ship and goods confiscate. The arms of England, engraved on lead and fixed to a pillar of wood, were then set up, and after prayer to God the ceremony came to an end. Thus Newfoundland became an English possession, and by right of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's claims, it is the oldest colony of the British Empire. Sir Humphrey Gilbert had taken possession of the land, but it soon became plain that it would be impossible to found a colony with the wild riff-raff of the sea of which his company was formed. Troubles began at once. A few indeed went about their business quietly, but others spent their time in plotting mischief. They had no desire to stay in that far country, so some hid in the woods, waiting a chance to steal away in one or other of the ships, which were daily sailing homeward laden with fish. Others, more bold, plotted to steal one of Sir Humphrey's ships and sail home without him, but their plot was discovered. They, however, succeeded in stealing a ship belonging to some other adventurers. It was laden with fish and ready to depart homeward. In this they sailed away, leaving its owners behind. The rest of Sir Humphrey's men now clamored more than ever to be taken home, and at length he yielded to them, but the company was now much smaller than when he set out, for besides those who had stolen away many had died and many more were sick. There were not enough men to man all four ships, so the swallow was left with the sick and a few colonists who wished to remain, and in the other three Sir Humphrey put to sea with the rest of his company. He did not, however, sail straight homeward, for he wanted to explore still further and find, if he could, an island to the south, which he had heard was very fertile. But the weather was stormy, and before they had gone far the delight was wrecked, and nearly all on board were lost. This was a heavy and grievous event, to lose at one blow our chief ship, freighted with great provision, gathered together with much travail, care, long time, and difficulty. But more was the loss of our men to the number almost of a hundred souls. So wrote Master Edward Hay, who commanded the Golden Hind, and who afterwards wrote the story of the expedition. After this heavy chance the two ships that remained beat up and down, tacking with the wind, Sir Humphrey hoping always that the weather would clear up and allow him once more to get near land. But day by day passed. The wind and waves continued a stormy as ever, and no glimpse of land did the weary sailors catch. It was bitterly cold, food was growing scarce, and day by day the men lost courage. At length they prayed Sir Humphrey to leave his search and return homeward. Sir Humphrey had no wish to go, but seeing his men shivering and hungry he felt sorry for them, and resolved to do as they wished. Be content, he said, we have seen enough, if God send us safe home we will set forth again next spring. So the course was changed, and the ships turned eastward. The wind was large for England, says hey, but very high, and the sea rough. It was so rough that the squirrel in which Sir Humphrey sailed was almost swallowed up, for the squirrel was only a tiny frigate of ten tons, and seeing it battered to and fro, and in danger of sinking every moment the captain of the golden hind and many of the others prayed Sir Humphrey to leave it and come aboard their boat. But Sir Humphrey would not. I will not forsake my little company going homeward, he said, for I have passed through many storms and perils with them. No persuasions could move him, so the captain of the golden hind was feigned to let him have his way. One afternoon in September those in the golden hind watched the little squirrel anxiously as it tossed up and down among the waves. But Sir Humphrey seemed not a whit disturbed. He sat in the stern, calmly reading, and seeing the anxious faces of his friends he cheerfully waved his hand to them. We are as near to heaven by sea as by land, he called, through the roar of waves. Then the sun went down. Darkness fell over the wild sea, and the ships could only know each other's whereabouts by the tossing lights. Suddenly to the men on the golden hind it seemed as if the lights of the little frigate went out. Immediately the watch cried out that the frigate was lost. It was too true, for in that moment the frigate was devoured and swallowed up by the sea. Yet the men on the golden hind would not give up hope. All that night they kept watch, straining their eyes through the stormy darkness in the hope of catching sight of the frigate or of some of its crew. But morning came and there was no sign of it on all the wide waste of waters. Still they hoped, and all the way to England they hailed every small sail which came in sight, trusting still that it might be the squirrel. But it never appeared. Of the five ships which set forth only the golden hind returned to tell the tale, and thus ended the first attempt to found an English colony in the New World. End of Chapter 11. Red on October 26th, 2007, in Oceanside, California. The first attempt to found an English colony in America had been an utter failure. But the idea of founding a New England across the seas had now taken hold of Sir Humphrey's young step-brother, Walter Raleigh. And a few months after the return of the golden hind, he received from the Queen a charter very much the same as his brothers. But although he got the charter, Raleigh himself could not sail to America, for Queen Elizabeth would not let him go. So again he had to content himself with sending other people. It was on April 27th, 1584, that his expedition set out into small ships. Raleigh knew some of the great Frenchmen of the day, and had heard of their attempt to found a colony in Florida. And in spite of the terrible fate of the Frenchmen, he thought Florida would be an excellent place to found an English colony. So Raleigh's ships made their way to Florida, and landed on Roanoke Island, off the coast of what is now North Carolina. In those days of course there was no Carolina, and the Spaniards called the whole coast Florida, right up to the shores of Newfoundland. The Englishmen were delighted with Roanoke. It seemed to them a fertile pleasant land, the most plentiful, sweet, fruitful, and wholesome of all the world. So they at once took possession of it, in the right of the Queen's most excellent Majesty, as rightful Queen and Princess of the same. The natives, too, seemed friendly, and in their behaviour as mannerly and civil as any man of Europe. But the pale faces and the redskins found it difficult to understand each other. What you call this country, asked an Englishman. Wingan dacoa, answered the Indian. So the Englishmen went home to tell of the wonderful country of Wingan dacoa. But what the Indian had really said was, what fine clothes you have. However the mistake did not matter much, for the Englishmen now changed the name of the land from whatever it had been to Virginia, in honour of their Queen. This first expedition to Roanoke was only for exploring, and after a little the adventurers sailed home again to tell of all that they had seen. But Raleigh was so pleased with the report of Roanoke Island, which they brought home to him, that he at once began to make plans for founding a colony there. And the following April his ships were ready, and the expedition set out under his cousin, Sir Richard Grenville. But now almost as soon as they landed, troubles began with the Indians. One of them stole a silver cup, and as it was not returned, the Englishmen in anger set fire to the cornfields and destroyed them. This was a bad beginning, but the Englishmen had no knowledge yet of how cruel and revengeful the Red Man could be. So it was with no misgivings that Sir Richard left a colony of over a hundred men in the country, and promising to return with fresh supplies in the following spring, he sailed homeward. The governor of this colony was named Ralph Lane. He was wise and able, but he was soon beset with difficulties. He found that the place chosen for a colony was not a good one, for the harbour was bad, the coast dangerous, and many of the Indians were now unfriendly. So he set about exploring the country, and decided as soon as fresh supplies came from England to move to a better spot. Spring came and passed, and no ships from England appeared. The men began to starve, and seeing this the Indians who had feared them before now began to be scornful and taunt them. Your God is not a true God, they said, or he would not leave you to starve. They refused to sell the colonists' food no matter what price was offered. Their hatred of the English was so great indeed that they resolved to sow no corn in order that there should be no harvest, being ready to suffer hunger themselves, if they might destroy the colony utterly. As the days passed the Englishmen daily felt the pinch of hunger more and more. Then Lane divided his company into three, and sent each in a different direction so that they might gather roots and herbs, and catch fish for themselves, and also keep a look out for ships. But things went from bad to worse. The savages grew daily bolder and more insolent, and the colonists lived constantly in dread of an attack from them. At length, although he had tried hard to avoid it, Lane was forced to fight them. They were easily overcome and fled to the woods, but Lane knew well that his advantage was only for the moment. Should help not come the colony would be wiped out. Then one day, about a week after the fight with the Indians, news was brought to Lane that a great fleet of twenty-three ships had appeared in the distance. Were they friends or were they foes? That was the great question. The English knew the terrible story of Fort Caroline. Were these Spanish ships? Fearing that they might be, Ralph Lane looked to his defenses and made ready to withstand the enemy, if enemy they proved to be, as bravely as might be. But soon it was seen that their fears were needless. The ships were English, and two days later Sir Francis Drake anchored in the wretched little harbor. Drake had not come on purpose to relieve the colony. He had been out on one of his marauding expeditions against the Spaniards. He had taken and sacked St. Domingo, Cartagena, and Fort St. Augustine. And now sailing home in triumph, Chance had brought him to Raleigh's colony at Roanoke. And when he saw the miserable condition of the colonists and heard the tale of their hardships he offered to take them all home to England. Or he said if they chose to remain he would leave them a ship and food and everything that was necessary to keep them from want until help should come. Both Lane and his chief officers who were men of spirit wanted to stay, so they accepted Drake's offer of the loan of a ship, agreeing that, after they had found a good place for a colony and a better harbor, they would go home to England and return again next year. Thus the matter was settled. Drake began to put provisions on board one of his ships for the use of the colony. The colonists on their side began writing letters to send home with Drake's ships. All was business and excitement, but in the midst of it a great storm arose. It lasted for four days and was so violent that most of Drake's ships were forced to put out to sea lest they should be dashed to pieces upon the shore. Among the ships thus driven out to sea was that which Drake had promised to give Ralph Lane, and when the storm was over it was nowhere to be seen. So Drake offered another ship to Lane. It was a large one, too large to get into the little harbor, but the only one he could spare. Lane was now doubtful what was best to do. Did it not seem as if by driving away their ship God had stretched out his hand to take them from them? Was the storm not meant as a sign to them? So not being able to decide by himself what was best to do, Lane called his officers and gentlemen together and asked advice of them. They all begged him to go home. No help had come from Sir Richard Grenville, nor was it likely to come, for Drake had brought the news that war between Spain and England had been declared. They knew that at such a time every Englishman would bend all his energies to the defeat of Spain, and that Raleigh would have neither thoughts nor money to spare for that far-off colony. Had length it was settled that they should all go home. In haste then the Englishman got on board, for Drake was anxious to be gone from the dangerous anchorage, which caused him more peril of wreck, says Ralph Lane, than all his former most honourable actions against the Spaniards. So on the 19th of June, 1586, the colonists set sail and arrived in England some six weeks later. They brought with them two things which afterward proved to be of great importance. The first was tobacco. The use of it had been known ever since the days of Columbus, but it was now for the first time brought to England. The second was the potato. This Raleigh planted on his estates in Ireland, and to this day Ireland is one of the great potato-growing countries of the world. But meanwhile Raleigh had not forgotten his colonists, and scarce a week after they had sailed away, a ship arrived, laden with all manner of things in most plentiful manner for the supply and relief of his colony. For some time the ship beat up and down the coast searching vainly for the colony, and at length finding no sign of it it returned to England. About a fortnight later Sir Richard Grenville also arrived with three ships. To his astonishment when he reached Roanoke he saw no sign of the ship which he knew had sailed shortly before him, and to his still greater astonishment he found the colony deserted, yet he could not believe that it had been abandoned, so he searched the country up and down in the hope of finding some of the colonists. But finding no trace of them he at length gave up the search and returned to the forsaken huts. And being unwilling to lose possession of the country he determined to leave some of his men there, so fifteen men were left behind, well provided with everything necessary to keep them for two years. Then Sir Richard sailed homeward. In spite of all these mischances Raleigh would not give up his great idea, and the following year he fitted out another expedition. This time there were a few women among the colonists, and John White, who had already been out with Lane, was chosen as governor. It was now decided to give up Roanoke, which had proved such an unfortunate spot, and the new company of colonists was bound for Chesapeake Bay. But before they settled there they were told to go to Roanoke to pick up the fifteen men left by Sir Richard Grenville and take them to Chesapeake also. When, however, they reached Roanoke, the master of the vessels, who was by birth a Spaniard, and who was perhaps in league with the Spanish, said that it was too late in the year to go seeking another spot. So whether they would or not he landed the colonists and sailed away, leaving only one small boat with them. Thus, per force, they had to take up their abode in the old spot. They found it deserted, the fort was raised to the ground, and although the huts were still standing they were choked with weeds and overgrown with wild vines, while deer wandered in and out of the open doors. It was plain that for many months no man had lived there, and although careful search was made, saving the bones of one, no sign was found of the fifteen men left there by Sir Richard. At length the new colonists learned from a few friendly Indians that they had been traitorously set upon by hostile Indians. Most of them were slain, the others escaped in their boat, and went no man knew hither. The Englishmen were very angry when they heard that and wanted to punish the Indians, so they set out against them. But the Indians fled at their coming, and the Englishmen, by mistake, killed some of the friendly Indians instead of their enemies. Thus things were made worse, instead of better. And now, amid all these troubles, on the eighteenth of August, fifteen eighty-seven, a little girl was born. Her father was Ananias Dare, and her mother was the daughter of John White, the governor. The little baby was thus the granddaughter of the governor, and because she was the first English child to be born in Virginia, she was called Virginia. But matters were not going well in the colony. Day by day the men were finding out things which were lacking, and which they felt they must have if they were not all to perish. So a few days after Virginia was christened, all the chief men came to the governor, and begged him to go back to England to get fresh supplies, and other things necessary to the life of the colony. John White, however, refused to go. The next day not only the men but the women also came to him, and again begged him to go back to England. They begged so hard that at last the governor consented to go. All were agreed that the place they were now in was by no means the best which might be chosen for a colony, and it had been determined that they should move some fifty miles further inland. Now it was arranged that if they moved while the governor was away they should carve on the trees and posts of the door the name of the place to which they had gone so that on his return he might be able easily to find them. And also it was arranged that if they were in any trouble or distress they should carve a cross over the name. All these matters being settled John White set forth, and it was with great content that the colonists saw their governor go, for they knew that they could send home no better man to look after their welfare, and they were sure he would bring back the food and other things which were needed. But when White arrived in England he found that no man, not even Raleigh, had a thought to spare for Virginia, for Spain was making ready all her mighty sea power to crush England, and the English were straining every nerve to meet and break that power. So John White had to wait with what patience he could.  Often he longed to be back beside them, but his longings were of no avail. He could but wait, for every ship was seized by government and pressed into the service of the country. And while the Spaniards were at the gate it was accounted treason for any Englishman to set sail to western lands. So the summer of fifteen eighty-eight passed, the autumn came, and at length the great Armada sailed from Spain. It sailed across the narrow seas in pride and splendor, haughtily certain of crushing the insolent sea-dogs of England.  Before many days were over these proud ships were fleeing before the storm, their sails torn, their masts splintered. They were shattered upon the rocky shores of Scotland and Ireland. They were swallowed by the deep. The sea-power of Spain was broken and the history of America truly began. For, as has been said, the defeat of the invincible Armada was the opening event in the history of the United States. Free now from the dread of Spain ships could come and go without hindrance, but another year and more passed before John White succeeded in getting ships and provisions and setting out once more for Virginia. It was for him an anxious voyage, but as he neared the place where the colony had been his heart rejoiced, for he saw smoke rising from the land. It was dark, however, before they reached the spot, and seeing no lights save that of a huge fire far in the woods, the governor sounded a trumpet call. The notes of the trumpet rang through the woods and died away to silence. Answer there was none. So the men called and called again, but still no answer came. Then, with sinking heart, John White bad them sing some well-known English songs. For that, he thought, would surely bring an answer from the shore. So through the still night air the musical sound of men's voices rang out, but still no answer came from the silent fort. With a heart heavy as lead the governor waited for the dawn. As soon as it was light he went ashore. The fort was deserted. Grass and weeds grew in the ruined houses, but upon a post, in fair capital letters, was carved the word Croatoan. This was the name of a neighbouring island inhabited by friendly Indians. There was no cross or sign of distress carved over the letters, and when the governor saw that he was greatly comforted. He spent some time searching about for other signs of the colonists. In one place he found some iron and lead thrown aside as if too heavy to carry away, and now overgrown with weeds. In another he found five chests which had evidently been buried by the colonists and dug up again by the Indians. They had been burst open, and the contents lay scattered about the grass. Three of these chests John White saw were his own, and it grieved him greatly to see his things spoiled and broken. His books were torn from their covers, his pictures and maps were rotten with the rain, and his armour almost eaten through with rust. At length, having searched in vain for any other signs of the colonists, the English returned to the ships and set sail for Croatoan. But now they encountered terrible storms. Their ships were battered this way and that, their sails were torn, their anchors lost. And at length, in spite of all entreaties, the captain resolved to make sail for England. So John White never saw Croatoan, never knew what had become of his dear ones. And what happened to little Virginia Dare, the first English girl to be born on the soil of the United States, will never be known. But years afterwards the settlers were told by the Indians that the white people left at Roanoke had gone to live among the Indians. For some years it was said they all lived in a friendly manner together. In time, however, the medicine men began to hate the pale faces and caused them all to be slain, except four men, one young woman, and three boys. Was the young woman perhaps Virginia Dare? No one can tell. All Raleigh's attempts at founding a colony had thus come to nothing. Still he did not despair. Once again he sent out an expedition, but that too failed, and the leader returned having done nothing. Even this did not break Raleigh's faith in the future of Virginia. I shall yet live to see it an English nation, he said. But although Raleigh's faith was as firm as before, his money was gone. He had spent enormous sums on his fruitless efforts to found a colony. Now he had no more to spend. And now great changes came. Good Queen Bess died, and James of Scotland reigned in her stead. Raleigh fell into disgrace, was imprisoned in the tower. And after a short release was beheaded there. Thus an end came to all his splendid schemes. Never before, perhaps, had such noble devotion to king and country been so basely requited. At the time it was said that never before was English justice so injured or so disgraced as by the sentence of death passed upon Raleigh. No man is perfect, nor was Raleigh perfect, but he was a great man, and although all his plans failed, we remember him as the first great coloniser, the first Englishman to gain possession of any part of North America. End of Chapter 12. And that's the end of the first part of This Country of Hours by H. E. Marshall. Read by Kara Schellenberg.


YouTube team keep it clean tell a hater what? Worry about yourself shout out to my guy fly guy GBG This is some of his merch that I got on right now had to order me a hoodie I told him I was gonna order me a hoodie so I had to get one shout out to him He's another youtuber. He does a lot of NBA live stuff. So y'all make sure y'all check him out The link to his YouTube channel is in the description I just had to get my guy shout out because he deserves it now I know a lot of Patriots fans might come on here. He is a Vikings fan So y'all ain't got no beef with him.  Well, I'll tell you Teams like the Baltimore Ravens. I mean I'm a Ravens fan and Justin Tucker has literally been the only reason Had we not had a Justin Tucker our record would be a lot worse than what it has been over the years Will be a lot worse than what it has been trust me with Stephen gaskowski he is one of the better kickers in the NFL and Patriots almost lost him man. It's funny that today's story came out that the That the 49ers were interested In Stephen gaskowski and then all now all of a sudden old Patriots added to a two-year deal now all of a sudden they do it 49ers put that pressure on them and 49ers shout out to 49ers because Whether they were calling Patriots bluff or what I love the move for the 49ers because It shows if it was true. It shows like okay Let's see what you all about New England It's them calling New England's bluff because they already franchise tag Robbie gold, but Robbie gold He didn't sign it. He probably when they gave him a pin. He probably kicked it away. I'll get that corny dad joke. Anyway He didn't sign his franchise tender So they could they could have taken it back and then he would automatically become a free agent now I think that would obviously have been contingent on them if they could have contingent on them signings Gustavsky if they could have got him they obviously didn't now since he re-signed with the Patriots But I'm sure when that story came out that a lot of Patriots fans who they were like, oh, no, please say it ain't so because this is your kicker man like People who don't have good kickers really don't appreciate what they still appreciate They should still appreciate it because a good kicker makes you it can put you at ease It can put you at ease for so much now Us at me as a Ravens fan Every time About 99.99% of the time when Justin Tucker lines up for a point after the touchdown I know we don't get many touchdowns. So he don't give me opportunities for that But when he does line up for the point after the touchdown, I Usually I can I can take a sigh of relief I don't I know it's not a given but at the same time I kind of feel like it's a given and I know somebody's gonna be like, whoa, ain't Raven What about that Saints game? Well, he kicked it and he missed he's allowed He was allowed to do that because he's been so perfect for so long So he's allowed to that was the first extra point. He missed in his career And he's been around since Ravens won a Superbowl back in 2012 season That's the first extra point. He missed in his career But anyway, we appreciate our kicker. We appreciate the kicking game Ravens if anybody we definitely appreciate the kicking game So I can appreciate the Patriots Resigning their kicker. I can appreciate that because I know how important it is I know how important it is. Let's look at some of his numbers from last year All right so last year Hmm So he missed five times. He missed five field goals, but three out of five were from beyond 50 So that might have been why Patriots were like a little shaky on resigning They might have been like man, you missed three out of five. You only converted what was that 20%? Oh No, that's just that no, no my fault. That's that's his misses So 60% of his misses came from 50 So they might be like man, your leg might be getting a little shaky my friend It might be getting a little shaky, but anyway He hit 98% of his extra points. Okay, that's good And in the playoffs he was five or six for field goals and ten for ten an extra points So he tightened up on the playoffs I mean, he was pretty used he was pretty good throughout the entire season because I mean you compare the playoffs It's only like four games. It's only like three four games compared to 16 games So the numbers don't really tell the whole story You can't really compare those numbers because it's a you're playing four times as many games in the regular season As you are in the playoffs, but at least in the playoffs. He was he was pretty much on point And I mean he he helped kick the team to the Super Bowl So And then of course over the years he has been like I said, he has been one of the more consistent Field goal kickers. I know there was I think it was two years ago Well, there was there was one I forgot what the game was what he was looking a little shaky I was like, oh, okay. I forgot who they were playing against my apologies that I do not remember but overall he's been one of the more consistent field goal kickers and Patriots also they also keep their their long snapper. What's is it Ryan Allen? I want to say Ryan Allen so bad, but I feel like that's wrong I want to say Ryan Allen. Well, I know what Patriots fans they'll correct me in the comments section So I appreciate it ahead of time letting y'all know. Thank you because I know I'll be getting some of these names wrong I'll be butchering some of the names like even one of my guys Josh Hoffman. He told me the other day He said man, I'll be watching the videos and you say Steve Biscotti's name wrong It's supposed to be bishati and I'll be saying Biscati so Patriots fans don't take no offense if I mess up on a Patriots guy name cuz I the Ravens owner I Called a Ravens owner the wrong name So if me being a Ravens fan if I call him the wrong name, that means ain't nobody safe on any team nobody safe so Don't be offended. But anyway, this is a good move for the Patriots because it allows them to have Consistency because special teams is a it's That's a big part of the game now and you see once and they wanted to make sure and I fell with the rules They wanted to make sure that field goals remained important and field goals got even more important because the NFL felt like you know what?  But no, we are a business We need to generate money. We need to generate income. We need to generate ratings So we want every single play to count that much more So what do they do with the point after the touchdowns they back them up they back them up What are they kicking from like the 25-yard line now, but they back them up and now they're not a give me anymore They're not a give me anymore. They used to be a gimme even for some kickers It was way nothing to give me shout out to the Steelers kicker mr. Boswell. Um, but they They used to be a gimme, but they're not anymore and that's exactly what the NFL wanted They wanted those plays to count that much more and that's exactly what they have been doing ever since they changed up the field Go it's been that much more important and it makes a lot of teams like the Steelers It makes a lot of teams just decide you know what? Because you've seen in plenty of Steelers games and now I'm not picking on the Steelers But they are the best example to use because you've seen it in plenty of Steelers games where they kicker He just keeps missing missing missing why I left short wide right He keeps missing so Steelers will go they'll go drive down the field because they got that super powerful offense as always They'll drive down the field and they'd be like, you know what you see Ben Robertsburg go you and then my my talent to be like Boswell you got you so it's like it They have changed the Steelers game a lot because the Steelers and I love how honest they are They'd be like hey, we don't trust you kicker. So we're just gonna go for two We're not gonna waste your time. We're not gonna waste our time going for that extra point Going for that that that field goal attempt So let's just go for two and that has prompted a lot of teams even to go for a little more on fourth downs So this them moving the the field goal has just created a lot It has changed the game of football a lot now Soon these kickers jobs are gonna get a little tiny bit easier Once they eliminate the kickoffs because that's just gonna be one less thing that they have to do and I I can Can almost guarantee is going to be happening within the next two years I think even this could be the last year with the kickoff I think because I feel like um with the I was about to say with the XFL with the AAF They have no kickoffs and AAF was kind of like NFL's little guinea pig They little test dummy or whatnot and they got to see okay the pace of the game still is pretty good people are still interested in it and Things are still going smoothly. So you know what? Kickoffs who needs them who needs them? So the kickoffs they're gonna be going from the NFL very very very soon very soon, but anyway That's that so shout out to the Stalsky shout out to the Patriots for getting or keeping their guy Re-signing their guy because it's always nice when you got this this homegrown talent from within Especially at that position because it makes the world of a difference team. Keep it clean. I appreciate y'all. I love y'all And make sure you tell her hate or what? Worry about yourself shout out to my guy flag at GBG y'all make sure y'all check them out I'll leave a link to his YouTube channel in the description Just like a stowsky was almost with the Patriots I'm out


The US empire acts like a textbook manipulative sociopath One of the great sources of distress in people's lives is that we don't get to be the narrator of other people's stories about us That we don't get to control what other people are thinking and saying about the things we do and the kind of person we are We've all been there in some way at some point If he really knew me, he'd like me if they'd understood what I meant by that joke. They wouldn't have gotten offended If she could see my heart and my intentions, she'd understand why I did what I did No, no, that's not what happened. They're getting it all wrong, and it's making me look like the bad guy It's pretty normal to feel misunderstood or mischaracterized by the people in our lives from time to time But there are some people who take that experience to very unhealthy extremes and respond to it in very unhealthy ways People with an underdeveloped sense of empathy like those with narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders Don't experience other human beings the way normal people do To whatever extent they lack empathy for others They see them not as sovereign people but as tools to be used to get whatever it is they want Whether that's power wealth sex respect, etc This view of others tends to cause people who lack empathy to become manipulative Because their interest in others is not in connecting with them understanding them and helping them but in using and exploiting them However perceptive and clever they are will determine how skillful they can be in manipulating people toward that end For such individuals the inability to narrate other people's stories for them is experienced not as a sometimes painful but necessary reality But as an intolerable obstacle, which must be overcome Finding ways to manipulate the thoughts people think in their minds about the manipulator about themselves and about others Takes on a central role in their lives This is one of the ways you can spot a manipulator who lacks empathy in your life They spend an inordinate amount of energy trying to influence your opinion of them your opinion of others and or your opinion of yourself I'm this way and I do such-and-such She's a bitch. She's always blah blah blah You're defective in this and that ways you need me for such-and-such reasons You wronged me in such-and-such ways a Virulent manipulators entire social existence revolves around influencing the narratives people have about what's going on in their circle in A way that benefits the manipulator Influencing the thoughts they think to themselves and influencing the stories. They are telling each other a Narrative is a story often when people hear the word story They think of a whole cloth work of fiction something made up for the amusement of others But the overwhelming majority of the stories we experience are about our own lives and the lives of others both in our own heads And in our conversations with people Joe went to the store is a narrative whether Joe did in fact go to the store or not Joe is a jerk is a narrative whether the arguments for Joe being a jerk contain factual claims or not It's a description of an occurrence or situation whether accurate inaccurate or a mixture of both This ambiguous relationship between narrative and truth is where the manipulator lives They spend their lives weaving tall spires of language Framing reality in a way which benefits them using truth half-truth and falsehood as necessary Filling people's minds with a version of the world which consistently paints them in a sympathetic light and their targets in an unsympathetic light Because their lives revolve around manipulation anything which poses an obstacle to their ability to manipulate is seen as a threat Getting caught doing something gross, which would make people less likely to believe the things they say in the future Someone noticing that they are being manipulated and refusing to believe anything the manipulator says Or worst of all Everyone they know starting to talk to each other about what a dishonest and untrustworthy manipulator they are For the manipulator being fully seen by everyone is one of the most frightening existential threats imaginable You'll often see them projecting this fear onto others Threatening to expose the secrets of people they don't like because for them, that's one of the most terrifying threats. They can be made The US centralized empire is a giant macrocosm of this entire dynamic It pours vast amounts of energy into narrative control in the form of propaganda censorship Silicon Valley Algorithm manipulation government secrecy and the war on journalism It weaves non-stop narratives about how great it is and how horrible its enemies are and It fears being seen more than anything in the world The vast globe-spanning power structure that is loosely centralized around the United States is a powerful military force and a Powerful economic force, but its most potent weapon by far is its ability to control the narrative about what's happening in the world the use of oligarchic media Silicon Valley and Hollywood to manipulate public thought and thereby control the way people think act and vote at mass scale all Around the world is unlike anything ever seen in any empire in history Propaganda only works if you don't know it's happening Censorship only works if it doesn't draw attention to the information being censored The US Empire's non-stop campaign to control the world's dominant narratives only works if it isn't in the spotlight of public scrutiny This is why those who draw attention to these things are smeared demonized censored marginalized imprisoned and worse by the managers of empire Manipulators hate to be seen But if you ever find yourself in a relationship with one your ability to escape depends upon your seeing them This extreme clash of interests often brings up white-hot rage in the manipulator which can be frightening and dangerous and I think humanity is entering that stage of the relationship with the US Empire a Manipulator who's just beginning to be seen by a few more pairs of eyes than it would like Causing flickerings of panic to begin to surface Because once those eyes see what's hidden underneath the veil of narrative manipulation They don't often look away If anything they tend to point and draw more attention to it. It's a scary time to be alive But it's also fascinating Unlike anything that has ever happened on this planet before I look forward to finding out if we escape


King Kelly Coleman of the Waylon Wasp. Kelly, welcome. Thank you. Glad to be here. Talk a little bit about the game when you played and how it's changed over the years since then. Well, when I played, foul was a foul. They called the foul. And you had to be careful not to foul. I fouled out a lot of games. If I was playing today, I wouldn't have fouled out none of those games because the way they play today with pushing and shoving, I could do that as good as anybody if I had to. So I wouldn't have fouled out. And three-point basket way they got it now.  A guy that scored more than 4,000 points, three-point go, you'd probably scored seven, wouldn't you think? I got some more anyway. That's right. Early in your career, you mastered the jump shot. Tell us how it changed your game. Well, I was guarding a guy at Martin down here, a little guy too, and he was shooting a jump shot. And he'd be up there shooting. I'm down here waiting on him to do something, you know. And I thought, you know, that's the kind of shot a person needs. That'll change the game is what I thought right then. And it did change the game. That jump shot did. There were a few other people, but even in the pros, you didn't see anybody shooting a jump shot. Most of them guys shot two-hand set shots or one-hand set shots like that. And that's good. So I started practicing that in the summertime. I practiced all summer. And when I got to be a junior, I didn't shoot it in the sophomore year. I just kept practicing. When I got to be a junior, I started shooting it in the game. I felt like I was ready to shoot it. And I did pretty well with it too that year. I think I averaged about 34 points that year, my junior year, a game. So it made me a different player, really did. Talk a little bit about some of the great players that you went up against in high school. During that era, I mean, there were some tremendous high school, maybe just a couple of guys that you really respected on the court. Quirky Whistler was one. We played them down in Central City for Christmas tournament. They had Jesse and Frank Referee in them. You know, Jesse and Frank James, they were refereeing. Quirky and I kid about that right now. I run into one of the referees that summer when I went to Westland. It was Quack Butler. You know anybody with that name couldn't referee. Quack Butler. And he said, Kelly, you didn't think we was going to let somebody from the mountains come down here and beat Central City? I said, I knew that. But my coach and principal didn't. I told them I wasn't even going to go. And they said, well, they're giving us $800 to show up and paying all of our expenses. We need that money for equipment. And they shamed me into going down there. I wasn't ever going down. But Quirky was one of the better players here. And of course, Charlie Osborne's flag wrap was as good as any big guy that I played on against all year. He averaged 30-some points a game. And I think their team averaged about 84 or 85 points a game too, something like that. So they had Carol Burchett on that team. So he was a great player. And Old Hughes at Prestonburg, which nobody heard of him in basketball, he went to UK and played quarterback for him in football. Old Hughes averaged over 40 points a game. His senior year in high school, he did a lot of shooting, but he had a good high percentage of his shots. So he was a good player. What would you tell the kids today that want to make basketball their primary sport? Well, for one thing that a lot of kids do that I didn't do, they take shots, they practice shots that they know they can't shoot in the game. They're wasting all their time practicing shots that doesn't come to them any good. You can't, if you can't use it in the game, they know they practice it. And that would be one of the first things I would tell the team that you guys are going to take the shots where you normally shoot from. That's the one, you got to practice those shots in those areas, because practice is what makes a person good in this game when you know it or not. It's practice. And that would be my number one thing right there, make them shoot from where they're going to shoot in a game. And don't let them just be out there wasting hook shots and things they know they're not going to shoot.