We're here at the University of Freiburg, in Freiburg, West Germany with Professor F. A. Hayek, the author of many famous books and undoubtedly one of the world's greatest living economists. In fact, many of us in the free market movement or hard money movement would say that Professor Hayek is definitely the world's greatest living economist. It's a particular pleasure for me to be here doing the interview personally because Professor Hayek had a great influence on my early understanding of the free market system and how it works and my reading of his work since then has heavily influenced my understanding of free market economics, et cetera. So it's a pleasure to be here and I'd like to ask you, Professor, my first question. I wonder if, since our audience is mainly interested or at least very greatly interested in the theory of money and how it infects their investments, et cetera, I wonder if we could talk for a minute about how money evolved without the help of governments and in present time it seems very much the hindrance of money from government interference. Carl Minger talked about the evolution of money as sort of a natural phenomenon. How did money come about and what's happened today to mess up things so much? See the great trouble is the money wasn't allowed to develop further. After two or three hundred years of coins, all the governments put their hands and stopped any further developments. They were not allowed to experiment on it. Money hasn't been improved. Money has rather become worse in the course of time because unlike, say, you refer to Minger and it's quite true that Minger and before in June when Mandereal made law, language, money, the three paradigms of spontaneously growing institutions. Now fortunately, law and language have been allowed to develop. Money has originated in original form but as soon as it was there in its most primitive form it was frozen. Governments say it must not develop any further and what we have had since in development were matters of government inventions, mostly wrong, mostly abuses of money and I have come to the position of asking, has monetary policy ever done any good? I don't think it has. I think it has done only harm and that's why I'm now pleading for what I've called denationalization of money, not in this book. I hope I will live long enough after thinking in this book to add another book on money, which is very interesting but it's a movement by moral issues seem to be more important even when the monetary problems. More fundamental, yes, I would agree. But to stick on the money subject just for a minute, I'll never forget it was at our conference, the National Committee for Monetary Reform Conference in Lausanne, Switzerland at the beautiful Borovage Hotel where you first introduced this theory of competition and currencies. In an excellent speech that was very well received and since has been printed into a pamphlet form and then a miniature, then a small book. Earlier before when we were chatting I showed you that in the recent edition of Fortune magazine, even Fortune magazine has picked up on discussing this controversial theory of competition of currencies. Let me ask you, how do you think that it would work? Would the major banks such as Chase Manhattan issue currencies or would there be gold coins issued or how would it? I still believe that my original plan is right but I'm afraid I've come to the conclusion that politically it's completely utopian. Governments will never allow and even bankers do not understand their idea because bankers have all grown up in a system in which they are so completely dependent on central banks, government institutions as vendors of last resort. After many experiments there's hardly a banker who would understand even what I'm arguing. So I may not be revealing half a secret by devising a roundabout way. After all in the modern world hand-to-hand money, coins and paper is no longer the most important. Credits and credit cards are a substitute where the governments can stop people from issuing money. They can hardly stop them from opening accounts and something unless they introduce a complete system of exchange control. Except that I said before, I do not expect that any bank will understand it but there are other people who are suitable for it. My hope is now that one of the big dealers in the raw materials will prepare to open accounts which we will redeem in so much of current manners as are necessary to buy this list of raw materials. Only in the form of accounts which it pays out in whatever currency they are needed or in any currency enough to buy this list of raw materials which will make his unit, call it the solid, these standard units are ever being used in circulation. People will very soon begin to keep their accounts in solid, the only thing which is trustworthy. It's always a thing where many people can compete. Most of them will probably choose the same list. If one of the big men has started this, others will imitate it. So I think we can forget about existing money and existing banks and we get the system of accounts which will displace money. That's a fascinating concept. Maybe the unit one day will be known as the Hayek. Continuing on just for a minute on the money issue, it occurs to me that the fundamental flaw in Friedman's theory of monetary control is becoming more and more evident today. We have electronic transfer of money, we have credit card money, we have complicated computerized analysis of the money supply yet in spite and because of these things the federal authorities are even admitting that they don't even know what the money supply is. They can't put their finger on it. How in the world could you have a theory based on a tight definition of increasing the money supply at a particular rate which varies from time to time? If you don't know what the fundamental money supply is. You know about 40 years ago I once wrote a sentence something like this. One of the worst things which could happen would be if mankind ever forgot the quantity of money except they should never take it literally. And that's why I still believe it is true that the price level is determined from the quantity of money. But we never know what's the quantity of money in this sense is. I think the rule ought to be that whoever issues the money must adapt the quantity so that the price level will remain stable. But to believe that there is a measurable magnitude which you can keep constant with beneficial effects I think I was completely wrong. I mean I will add you see I don't like criticizing Friedman not only because he's an old friend because outside monetary theory we are in complete agreement. Our general view on what is desirable and what is not was almost identical till we get on to money. But if I told him what I mentioned before that I very much doubt whether monetary policy has ever done anything good he personally is convinced that a good monetary policy foundation will work for everything. Well it certainly leads to my next question that is in light of the total mismanagement of money by governments. Government control over money in the central banks. In light of this the third world debt crisis the huge build up of loans at last count there was something on the order of $600 billion loan to the third world countries. In light of this terrible situation still being controlled or at least the central banks claim to be controlling it. Well in light of all that what do you think is the outcome for the third world debt crisis as it's being called? What do you see as the outcome? I don't know. If we are very lucky I doubt whether it should be as lucky we may get through it without either assumption of inflation or new controls being clapped on. I don't quite see how it can be done but I still hope it may be done. But the only good thing I hope to see is that people are becoming somewhere aware that the present monetary system is not really satisfactory and that we will have to consider very fundamental reform. I don't think anybody is yet going far enough. I much sympathize with the people who would like to return to the gold standard. I wish it were possible and personally it cannot be done for two reasons. The gold standard presupposes certain dogmatic beliefs which cannot be asked and we justify it and our present generation is not prepared to re-adopt beliefs which were all traditions that have been discredited. But in more series I believe that any return, any attempt to return to gold will lead to such fluctuations in the value of gold that for better reason it would break down. So although I much sympathize with the gold standard people, I don't believe that is a possible way. I think in the long run when you make a much more radical proposal, how we get over the transition period I don't know. It's certainly a difficult question. It seems to me that your solution or some type of solution that gets money back to a stable evaluation so people can trust money is absolutely fundamental to the survival of a free western civilization. And what's discouraging is that as you say the likelihood of adapting your very, very radical proposal is probably only very, very slight at least at this time. And then on the other side the idea of returning to any sort of gold standard I agree with you doesn't seem to be politically feasible. And if we continue in the present situation with these massive budget deficits and continuation of inflation it seems to me that the only outlook seems to be for a continuation of the status quo ups and downs but basically long-term currency depreciation. If I may interrupt you a moment. I hesitate to speak about because it involves another frightfully important problem which I have been much interested in which I haven't studied. So question of the supposed necessary help to the underdeveloped countries. Now I believe some such help ought to be brought but I have argued 40 years ago that it ought to be taken not in the form of government to government help but in the form of private investment governments only coming in in the form of guaranteeing freely payment of capital and the returns of such investments. That I argue surely enough not with regards to the underdeveloped countries but with regards to post-war help of the United States to Europe. I think the same principle to the underdeveloped countries.  They can help private enterprise by guaranteeing against political risks which essentially involves a problem of free transfer of returns and capital. There you could exercise a very considerable pressure because it would stop giving such a guarantee to any country who has failed before. Right. And that seems to be the root of the problem because it looks like most of these third world countries, even the larger countries with a sizeable economic base and a huge amount of natural resources like Brazil, will really find it impossible to repay these debts at least in the short term. But not a rival. It may be one more than effective help can really give if it's according to the sensibility of the political system. This distinction governments cannot make but private industry can. Agreed. Agreed. But since we have this system, I mean this system that isn't working well now and it looks like if you examine the fundamentals that the long term outlook tends to be for more and more currency depreciation. I know that Ludwig von Mises once said in a tricky little quote, he said government is the only agency that can take a useful commodity like paper, slap some ink on it and make it totally worthless. Yes, indeed. It seems like to me, examining the fundamentals, that that's probably the longer term outlook. But that's my personal idea of how the scenario will develop. Nobody knows for sure. But in general, without getting into all the specifics, I know we don't really have time now, but do you see the future as being more and more inflation and currency depreciation, or do you think that we could have a massive depression because of the government's mismanagement of money? Many of the things have, in the last two years, moved very much better than I hoped. That particularly in England, with that you would be able to bring inflation down as low as she has done, and the same to some extent in America, is very encouraging. If they can bring down inflation to zero and stay there, I think the position of the leading countries can be saved. But I'm not sure that means the position of their banks can be saved. They are no longer mainly dependent on the economy of their own country. Well, I have nightmares about the possible banking crisis, but I don't like to talk about it because I haven't studied currency as sufficiently. Many of our attendees that come to our conferences and have been coming to our conferences for years tend to be ahead of their time, at least they have for the last 10 years, in the sense that they go contrary to current investment thinking. And they, years and years ago, one of the first groups of investors to understand that in periods of long-term currency depreciation, gold is a good investment, and they own the little gold as a hedge in the same way Europeans have for years. Today, all of our attendees are asking themselves their question, reexamining their case for gold. Do you really think, in light of the present trends, that you could say for the long-term holding, would government paper money be a better long-term holding for gold? Certainly not. I mean, that's a whole different issue with the investment issue from the what is desirable as money. In my sense, I can't say I invest in a large trading gold, but my item into the source are gold coins of a certain number. I mean, everything should go wrong. That would be something. But that doesn't mean it's a good money because this is a long-term situation. It doesn't secure in the least that gold money will be stable in the short term. I think in the present situation it will be very unstable money. Particularly so because of the chance that the price of gold could go up dramatically in price or it could go or it could drop dramatically as it has in the last several months. Have you been reading about it and does the huge size of the U.S. budget deficit discourage you? I just read in today's Harold Tribune that the U.S. budget... I think this ever did. The U.S. budget deficit is going to be over $200 billion per fiscal 1983. There was an interesting... I don't know if you saw the little clipping on this, but President Reagan had a commission study the deficit problem, government debt problem, the grace commission it was called, and they came up with some pretty shocking predictions that the deficit could grow to $300-400 billion and even toward the end of the century over $1 trillion. What impact would this have on the U.S. dollar in foreign exchange markets and vis-à-vis other real... not other, but real goods and services down dramatically? Well, all the more need for your sound monetary reform. I don't believe that we should ever have good money again before we take the thing out of the hands of government because we can't take them violently out of the hands of the government. All we can do is, by some sly roundabout way, introduce something so you can't stop. What do you think is the major problem or major threat to western civilization on a very fundamental question? Is it... do you fear or do you think the main problem or threat to western free civilization is a third world war, a confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States or the economic and political area? No, the main danger is pacifism. That the West may become so inferior in power that one Russian threat after another will force it to go into a direction which it doesn't want. I do not believe in the danger of an atomic war. At least I don't think we break out between the major powers. Whether if Mr. Gaddafi gets an atomic bomb for somebody, that might cause threat for the effects. But I think both sides are intelligent enough to use it as a threat but not actually to use it. In the end, I would say atomic war was not a war. It's the end of civilization. Nothing else. But the danger of Russia becoming so much stronger as by her friends forcing the West not only to make concession to her but modify its own system on the Russian side is a very, very serious one. I would rely on a maximum not on the expectation that I would use my arms but that's the only way to be able to say when the Russians demand something new. I don't think the Russians will be foolish enough to begin a war against the strong opponents. So you would favor the rearmament of the United States that Reagan has proposed and the deployment of cruise missiles in Europe, that type of thing? Certains of the far as I can judge the strategic importance my impression of this is absolutely essential. And I'm greatly alarmed particularly by the European pacifist movements. I believe you knew Lord John Maynard Keynes and actually taught with him at the same university, did you not? Well, I taught at his university while he was advising government. See, my London School of Economics was evacuated to Cambridge for the whole war period and Keynes got me rooms in his college. He was most of the time advising government so we met only occasionally on weekends. We are personally very good friends. You have not seen my hundreds birthday article in The Economist about him? I did see that and I was going to ask you about that. That was reprinted quite a lot and passed around in free market circles in the United States. That was very interesting. Do you think that many of his ideas were sound but yet they were misused because in his later years and I may be incorrect in this, I'm certainly not a scholar but in later years I believe he wrote about grave concern that some of his ideas that he had come up with were being misused by governments. Well, he had the illusion that a little inflation is good but much not. He was one of the cleverest men I knew but he was not a very competent economist at all. He had strong intuitions which sometimes were right and strong conviction that he could get over any theory which he invented to justify his particular recommendations. He was in a way a great man but I don't think he was a great economist. I think that maybe he was a great investor. I've heard that he was a very excellent investor from time to time. He had major losses but I read in an article the other day in recent papers that came out about him in the 1930s he made 60 times his money in the stock market. Well, after a qualified study and I can quote him literally he confessed to me when a speculative income went broke and it turned to commodities, not stock markets. I made, I think, half a million pounds then. That's fascinating. That was a tremendous amount of money. And it was the same amount for his college. That was a tremendous amount of money. And that's a million pounds in the pre-war pound values. I also read in this article that he was a contrarian in the sense that he would look and see what was the predominant opinion of all the establishment investment advisors and bankers and then go do the exact opposite. I didn't know this story but it sounds very much like... Professor Hayek, thank you. It's been a pleasure and an honor to be here at the University for this interview. I'd like to say to our audience today that Professor Hayek has had his famous book The Road to Serfdom translated into 15 languages and the latest one, believe it or not, and here it is right here, it's been translated into, of all things, Russian. So all we need to do is find a way to get several million of these into the Soviet Union and I think we'd be a lot better off. But I think that is fascinating and I think it's a real commentary on the importance of Professor Hayek's ideas to the future of Western civilization without a true understanding of freedom and how important non-intervention is and without a thorough understanding of Hayek's concept of spontaneous order as opposed to today's system where mankind seems destined to repeat the mistakes of the past and try to inflict an artificial socialist order on mankind. If that type of policies continue then we are in for some very, very bleep times indeed. But as we mentioned today in the interview there's some very encouraging signs and I would ask everybody here today to give serious consideration to donating some money each year. Some of your profits in your business and your investments each year to the spread of Professor Hayek's ideas and other free market economists' ideas at the various institutes in the United States and abroad. Thank you.


Can I make 40 here just shocking story in the Washington Post right now a merchant Marine cadet said she was assaulted at sea Her account has Washington looking Francis. Here's the killer thing. We may never know why this happened All right, so she was the only woman on this ship and The crew members cheered according to her story when the 19 year old female cadet the only woman on the ship She walked into the cigarette smoke filled a state room Drink with us. She recalled them saying and you can have tomorrow at work So the cadet a midshipman at the US merchant Marine Academy. She got drunk And you will never guess what happened next and we may never understand why this happened Two engineers brought her up to her room then put her into the shower while clothed trying to sober her up After one engineer left the cadet recalled she remembers being naked in the shower Being sexually assaulted by the other engineer We may never understand why this happened like why would this happen when she's the only woman on a ship? 19 years of age and gets drunk with all the guys We may never understand.  She said who attacked her it was like literally living in hell and She tried to resume her studies after returning to the Academy, but she was destroyed inside for two years She told nobody what happened.  It's kind of dangerous to be the only woman at sea and to get drunk with the guys Like who could have foreseen Could not someone who's spoken up did not have parents tell her about being at sea drunk alone with a bunch of guys We may never know why this happened


What is justice and why do we need the rule of law? Justice is one of the most important moral and political ideals that lie at the heart of a constitutional democracy. The word justice comes from Latin meaning right or law. Justice is often used interchangeably with the word fairness. Whether in a courtroom, at the workplace or waiting to be served at the local restaurant, we want to be treated fairly. We shouldn't be judged more harshly because of our skin colour. We shouldn't earn any less because of our gender and we shouldn't have to wait any longer to be served because of what we are wearing. We also want a fair chance to reach our full potential as human beings. We want a fair opportunity to achieve what our talents allow us to achieve. It is not easy to say exactly what justice means because people often disagree on what is fair and what they think they deserve. When we disagree about what justice means, we need an impartial and independent person or institution to decide. This is why justice is often represented by a blind-folded person. We want justice to be blind because we do not want a judge to decide what is fair based on how rich we are or where we come from. So in order to create a just and democratic society, we not only need just laws but also the assurance that all decisions made by democratically elected leaders in government and our courts are made in accordance with these just laws. This principle is what we call the rule of law. The rule of law is one of the key features of any democracy. Thus it is no coincidence that people often speak about democracy and the rule of law in one breath. These two concepts are closely connected. One could also say democracy is a system of rule through the application of just law, not rule by arbitrary decisions of individuals. The law of a country entails all legislation passed by national or provincial parliaments which have to be in accordance with our constitution to supreme law of the country. A number of principles underlie and define the broad concept of the rule of law. They need to be respected in order for the rule of law to function properly. Principles of the rule of law include the following. First of all, a country's law must apply equally to all people living in that respective country. We are all equal before the law, which means that there are no different laws for different people. Everyone, including lawmakers, government officials and the president, must be subject to one and the same law. Both individuals and institutions must follow the law. In short, nobody is above the law as nobody is exempted from the rule of law. Secondly, in a constitutional democracy like South Africa in which the rights of everyone are protected, adherence to the rule of law is important to ensure respect for the rights of all. The protection of human rights will be meaningless if those with power ignore the laws that protect rights. Thirdly, the rule of law limits the power of government. We just learnt that everybody, including our elected leaders in government, are subject to the law and that any action undertaken by the government should be authorised by law.  They can only act as guided by the law. This helps to hold those with power accountable. If they act without being authorised to do so by law, the courts can declare their actions invalid. The rule of law can only be protected where an independent and impartial judiciary applies the law fairly. We need independent, fair, public and transparent court processes and law enforcement to ensure that the law is applied fairly in a manner that we can trust. Let's talk about each of these aspects in more detail. Our judiciary is independent from the other branches of government as the democratic principle of the separation of powers demands and is thus able to apply the law without fear, favour or prejudice. That is, without being pressurised by those with power to decide cases in a certain way. Court processes must be fair. All sides must get an opportunity to present their case and the procedure to do so must be fair to all. The ultimate decision must be based only on the facts and the law, not on irrelevant considerations. This fairness of court proceedings is usually guaranteed by ensuring that the proceedings are also public. This ensures that the system is transparent. The rule of law also helps us to know how we must act and how we can expect the government to act. It provides certainty that allows us to organise our lives to avoid getting into legal trouble. Where the state respects the rule of law, ordinary citizens will not have to worry about being arrested or taken to court as long as they comply with the law. It protects ordinary citizens from arbitrary decisions taken by those with power. They will also know how they can expect the government to act as this will all be done in terms of pre-announced laws. Now I would like to give you a practical example on how the rule of law applies in a real-life situation. Imagine you return to your parked vehicle to find a parking ticket on the windscreen. The traffic department claims that you have parked on a yellow line. You do not agree.  Under the rule of law, you must trust that the court will take a fair, impartial and transparent decision based on the application of the country's law. The legal principle that all people are entitled to the presumption of innocence until found guilty applies. If you think of this, you realise how important it is for all of us to assist in the maintenance of the rule of law and to know what we can expect from our justice system. Now let's briefly talk about the rule of law in the South African context. The apartheid state did not respect the rule of law. There was no equality before the law and those with power, like the police, did not always respect the law. They often took the law into their own hands, meaning the law did not always protect citizens. This is why in the New South Africa virtually nothing should be as important for us than to understand and uphold the rule of law. In recognition of the horrific injustice of our past, the rule of law was enshrined as a binding and justiciable foundational provision in our constitution. It says that the country is founded on the supremacy of the constitution and the rule of law. It follows that the rule of law is as supreme as the constitution itself. Now why is it important to uphold the rule of law? Respect for the rule of law is an important requirement to safeguard justice in a democracy. It ensures that all decisions and actions of individuals are in line with the country's laws. It also ensures that people with power do not make decisions about our lives in an arbitrary and unpredictable manner based on their personal hatred, prejudice or beliefs and not on what the law allows. The rule of law protects us by ensuring that the laws apply equally to all of us, that those who exercise government power do so guided by the law and not by their own views and that no one has absolute power over our lives. The rule of law can only function properly when the courts act in an independent, fair, public and transparent manner. It is important that we citizens know our rights within the entire system of the rule of law so we are able to uphold them as well as detect failures and demand change. After all, countries where the rule of law is upheld vigorously are often also the countries with the highest national prosperity, peace, liberty and freedom from corruption and last but not least, justice.


you're getting a Christmas tree yeah are you gonna cut it down hang on a horse look okay she bird won't cut it down yeah okay well what are you doing now i'm riding a horse to go get the Christmas tree horse well in a wagon you're in a wagon yeah yeah a whole bunch of us here i can't guess the horsey bear see you're gonna we're gonna ride the horsey wagon back to get the tree yes you're gonna get a what kind of tree you get a nice fat one around one yeah how about where you get a pine tree okay that sounds good sounds good you having fun yes you look like you are okay all right the bear is behind the camera now and we are walking through all the Christmas trees you can see them there where so yes so we're going to try to find the one that we want yes she bears excited all right we cut it off about right there trim the top and you trim these what the hell are you doing i was just looking at Shea Bear's experiment welcome to the Seabare family Christmas it's a chosen and my tongue can't talk right excuse me i did saw this tree i'll do fine are you sure yes thanks though uh-huh hope it now where's the stalk there no is that the one you want you think youtube i think we're getting this it's a bit but i think this is what we're going to do for christmas this tree right here trim it up it'd be all nice so we're gonna get out of here a minute why we cut down the tree okay youtube just let you know i'm taping shea bear cutting down our christmas tree and uh we'll see if you can do this without doing anything funny so we're working on it all right i'm watching shea bear put our tree on top of the car you can see it there he is working very hard make sure it won't fall off on the way home and then we're gonna go home and decorate and have some hot chocolate to bear out all right youtube we hope you enjoyed the little video of our christmas tree adventure and uh we just want to wish everybody merry christmas all of our viewers and subscribers each and every one of you you're great have a safe and happy holiday merry christmas everyone


Get this and get it straight. Crime is a sucker's road and those who travel it wind up in the gutter the prison of the grave This time a car hop knocked me down a flight of stairs an honest woman was strangled by a green silk sash and a Simpering dandy was shot to death all because of a run of the mill actually in 500 miles away. It happened like this From the pen of Raymond Chandler outstanding author of crime fiction comes his most famous character in the adventures of Phillip Marlowe Now with Gerald Moore stardest Phillip Marlowe. We bring you tonight's exciting story the vital statistic Hey boy, give me a paper. We'll hear paper. Yes, sir. What do you like Reese's coming to class right now about some news star? Here you are. Thank you Hey, take it easy drive away from here. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. What is it got to help me on being followed? It's just a minute sister. I think the light screen drive. Will you hurry, please? Okay? She was streamlined from close cropped hair the color of a smoky sunset to low-heeled slippers brocaded in bronze And in between a dress that conformed as close and smooth as lacquer on a Chinese vase I made four turns in four blocks and pulled into the curb and stopped She stabbed a look at me with a pair of sharp jade green eyes that said life had always been nothing But a calculated risk and she stepped out of the car and smiled. You were a big help brother. Thanks. Good. Bye Not just like that baby come here. I don't like being left out on a limb now look you did me a favor Okay, but we drop it right here. It's trouble.  I'm a private detective But I didn't issue any invitation for you to jump into my car a private detective. Yeah Who's chasing your baby the law you can tell me out here on the straighter inside over a drink I'll take the drink. I need it. Maybe I need you to this might be a break. I Misses terry labar and you're Malo Philip Malo who you're running from mrs. Labar a woman in slacks I don't know who she is or why she's following me, but every time I look back. She's there. This is the second day Yeah, sure Say look, why haven't you talked it over with your local policeman? Are you working for me private detective? I know it depends All right I'm a merchant Chinese silk's not a little shop for 6% profit, but wholesale quit with cash 40% So what's the point no police all it takes is a rumor of police and I'll have doors closed on me from Seattle to Mexico Good evening. May I get you something a martini? Please make it to winner. Yes, right away. This gets us back to the woman in slacks Huh, yeah here Malo 50 and 50 $100 I want you to locate that woman find out who she is and why she's after me. Will you not without a few more facts For instance, could she have some connection with your business? No, I have two men working with me A strong one named Harlan Casey who sees that my cash gets safely to where it's going and a smart one named Joe Temple who knows what to buy with it. She doesn't belong to either of them. Are you sure positive? Casey hates all women even me. I think Joe temple Well, Joe's a wonderful guy. You hint like a woman falling in love with a fellow named Joe temple Can't it talk about it further? Why not? Temple and Casey have been in San Francisco all week on a deal a big deal. It'll make or break it every set I have is tied up in it. Well, what about you and Joe temple? Yeah Well, perhaps this will explain I Planned to go away this weekend, but I changed my mind because I didn't want to miss his letters. I Know it sounds funny, but it's true. Those must be some letters. They are like the one I got this morning It's half business. All right complete account of how hard he and Casey worked for me yesterday in San Francisco But the rest of it is to me Personally, I don't want to sound old-fashioned mrs. Lobar, but what about my husband? Yeah, that was a mistake I couldn't live with one thing.  I don't know All right, Terry. I'll worry about that too. Any idea where I can start just one I pulled a switch on a yesterday Marla for about an hour I paid her to the corner of Wilshire and La Ciena get them lost her in traffic There are several dancing schools around there. Is that worth anything? Maybe what kind of car was she driving? We were both walking She's tall and brunette and I've seen toes with nicer eyes not enough can't guarantee anything I'll keep my fingers crossed Marlo Here take the hundred do what you can to report to me at my place 204 Beachwood Circle Okay, pardon sir your drinks to martini. Oh, thanks here. Thank you, sir to your success private detective to your health silk merchants drink hearty Slugging it down was no way to treat a good dry martini, but I figured it was time. I was on my way I drove out the Wilshire and La Ciena and slowed down enough to look at all four corners It was a drugstore with a special on garbage cans and drive in called Scotty's a branch of the Bank of Los Angeles and Flying red horse over a mobile gas station I drove on again when I spotted a pair of black slacks going into a dancing studio a half-blocked down It looked like a lead After two hours of staring at knobby knees and shorts and bulging hips and bloomers all knocking themselves out for a mythical Klee glided future. I was finally convinced that it was a dead end Now I got back into my car and headed up into the hills for Beachwood circle in the slim hope that Terry could give me something more to go on Her house at 204 was low and dainty and half-hidden behind the tough slender grace of a bamboo grove The walk was guarded by a white marble lion of Korea and the front door when I finally found it Turned out to be a sliding panel in a wall of oriental lettuce work As the door slid open I was looking down the barrel of a snub-nosed pistol held very steady in the hands of a hard-eyed brunette In a pair of black slacks you've been looking high and low for me Haven't you peeper ever since you left that day I might have been you're not the brightest character in the world in spite of what you and Your friends think I spotted your car when she got in Wasn't too tough to tag. Where's Terry sleeping off a hangover from better days get the chatter Where is she come on in and look and that's no suggestion sailor. It's an order move over there to the top of the Boy you're late, you know I got when I came for now. I'm in a hurry Look sister Ten stairs down to the basement And with a shove reinforced by the 45 I hit all but the first three By the time I worked all the kinks out and was back upstairs again. She was gone I started through the house then slowly from one room to another turning on lights as I went looking for what I knew was Gonna be a very sick client When I got as far as a study where somebody had gone through the best draws with what must have been a snow plow And I still hadn't found Terry. I got that numb the feeling in my stomach. I Started out a side door that opened into the patio But then I heard a whistle from the front walk. I cut back for the house instead and waited near the door Joe the frisco kid What happened to your weekend trip honey? I Who are you? What do you want? Hey temple How do you know me? This is LeBar hired me today. Just after she canceled the weekend. She gave me a rundown She hired you. What do you mean? I'm a private detective named Marlowe. Why would she hire you? Because she was being followed by a brunette and slack.  I want you to look at something Somebody's gone through the desk in an awful hurry Maybe you know something about what's missing, huh? You and mrs. LeBar were fairly close when I'm told the letters the letters are gone Terry kept my letters in this bottom drawer By the way temple, where's your sidekick calling Casey? We both left San Francisco yesterday he hates to fly so I assume he took a train you ought to be here in LA now I Well, you don't think Casey's mixed up in this do you I don't know it could be Vince LeBar That's who it was it got those letters. It was Vince LeBar They were really love letters the business part was nothing and LeBar is the dog in the manger kind of guy who wants everyone to be Unhappy if he that fits that fits temple with a smart lawyer your letters to Terry becomes great a material for a counter-suit for divorce Sure, you could make it stick and also get a fat settlement of the community property laws now listen. Here's what you Molo, it's it's Terry Wait Look at her Marlowe look at her Dad Marlowe Matthews is a dead one out here a woman got a pencil I'm a 204 Beachwood circle woman was a client She was strangled with a green silk sash my loungy pajamas Matthew sometime within the last I'd say our a name was Terry LeBar Wait a minute Temple do you know anything about a man named Jess Freeman? He was killed in Oregon today in a traffic accident and had one of Terry's cards on him Freeman Yeah, no, no, I don't remember. Oh dice Matthew. You're talking to Joe temple one of Terry LeBars associates. He's here Never heard of Jess Freeman Yeah, maybe a brunette and slacks I think I know where to find it Well, it's dandy sit on it till we get them. I'll be right out. Wait a minute lieutenant What look right now? It's only a hunch, but if I move fast and quiet I might be able to develop it into something worthwhile, okay?  Look.  I'll tell lieutenant Matthews where he can find you, huh? Thanks 1310 Marlboro Drive, right now. Tell me you know where Vince LeBar lives. Yeah Yeah, the Laverne apartments on Rossmore. He's got a suite on the top floor 7a 7a and if it's any help He drives a new green Nash sedan, but I thought you said that it was that brunette I did I didn't and if Vince LeBar can't leave me to the lady in long pants. I'll eat my shirt What's more Matthews? We'll see to it personally Inquired conversation with Vince LeBar, I'm Philip Marlowe private detective how exciting and I know you were coming out of bake the Cake are you breaking me up?  She was murdered Terry murdered. Yeah Now if you don't mind, I'll come in, huh?  I don't know what you're talking about.  Oh, you must be crazy That's wasn't part of the plan LeBar. That was one of those bummed eels a robbery They got out of hand one up as a murder on a white. Now. Where is she LeBar? Who's the brunette and slacks and where do I find her you get out of here?  We'll churn. Let's see any guy Okay, LeBar.  You bet your life heard every Wednesday night on most of the same CBS stations Now with our star Gerald Moore we return to the second act of Philip Marlowe and tonight's story the vital statistic The moment Vince LeBar and the courage caliber 32 we held in his right hand made it out of the apartment and on the run for the elevator I kicked through the plate glass door And I spent the next two minutes ultimately swearing straining and nicking myself while I played contortionist In and out of the fancy snake grill work on my wrought iron cage until finally I reached the inside handle I was free out and over to the telephone in a big hurry Because from my money the icing on LeBar's voice left Joe temple someplace on the short side What the life insurance people call good risk? Marlowe temple listen hard your life's in danger. What LeBar you had him tagged from the first he's after those letters All right, what about the girl in slacks? Well, I think she might have a connection with a drive-in on Wilshire in La Cienega a place called Scotty's in I'm gonna check it Now tell me any word from Terry's muscle man yet. Yeah No, no Vince LeBar had a gun in a short tempo when he left here. I'll make us working easier. Just stay away from open windows temple I'll call you Scotty's in was eating on the run in the finest California tradition a mammoth circle of steel and the glass painted a dazzling yellow and blue Surrounded by a half a dozen cars containing teen aged couples with smudged lipstick and the giggles The second after I pulled in and parked something in slacks with false eyelashes a waist you could span with a handcuff And a fixed front line chorus girl's smile put the card mark ginger against my windshield Handed me a menu that's still at the froth from an earlier customers milkshake in one corner Well, it'd be mr. Just coffee ginger green information.  What I told you on the phone ten minutes ago still goes huh about what about rose facet of the girl He described long black hair a nice shape you're infatuated, but you don't know the name and address So I was nice. I gave the name told you to look the address up in the form book period Don't be so lazy, baby. Wait a minute. I didn't call you before but that dime cup of coffee I'll bring you a ten buck tip if you tell me who did hey, you want the guy who called I don't know any names, but you're not him. He didn't talk up like you do But what's all the fuss baby rose facet has got a guy. She's spoken for Besides, I have some sweet heart sweet heart. This is business strictly believe me. Oh, what's he address come on? 2428 Havenhurst Drive bottom floor. Thanks here. Here's a ten. I promise you The name was free to him, so why should I charge you besides decide what?  Will you baby when you want more coffee? Okay, when I want more than coffee and less than murder. I will stay out of it ginger Was definite double talk with the effect was what I wanted ginger with mouth wide open and staring after me like my ears We're on backwards that way. She might be scared out of making a simple curiosity spike telephone call of the popular rose facet This would trumpet my arrival loud clear and prematurely Ten minutes later. I was parked away from number 28 24 Havenhurst as I got out of my car and started taught the place I found Vince Labar's green sedan on the opposite side of the street and carefully tucked into the shadows of a pair of long-haired pepper trees It was a good time for me to be careful So when I knocked on the front door which showed yellow light at the threshold and was the starting point for something Not too close to music.  Come on move and not too far The moment I want you in between me and Vince Labar who? Look angel, it's all real plain those suitcases behind you. They're a pact his cars outside. He's after the letters.    I just knocked her down.  You're wrong copper I give it doesn't add any other way Want to answer it? Who is it? Mr. Shirley, what's going on in there, Mr. Center?  Shirley Well, what's going on in here? Who are you? Never mind that now get on the phone call of police.   Shirley. Yes, that desk next year. There's a gun. Keep it on to the law rights.  I'll fill in the blanks later. No way. Why must you leave? Why don't we both watch because a guy named Joe temple needs my Help a lot more than you do The home address temple had given me turned out to be lights in a quiet house on a quiet street named Marlboro I was there out of my car and running for the front door when they came I chucked my gun out of the holster got close into the building and moved up until I was online with a pair of half-open patio doors And I saw something I hadn't expected On the floor that was littered with a broken lamp pieces of bars and overturned furniture was Vince LaBar doubled up dead Standing over him has faced the color of soft cement a 32 dangling in his limp right hand was Joe temple When he saw me he tried to talk but the words jammed in his throat when I stepped into the room He began to tremble Well, I shot him. I couldn't help it. He was gonna sit down temple get holy yourself. Got any brandy around over on that Table near the phone. Oh He was out of his mind and absolute maniac.  And then I did it again and a third time drink this He brought the letters back Marlowe they're inside on the floor where he threw them He said they didn't mean anything anymore that he and that girl in the slacks had taken care of Terry Easy temple easy. He seemed to go crazy He said I was a wife steamer the cause of his trouble and that I deserve death Well, that's what I jumped at him. It was terrible Marlowe. Yeah Now between the two of us we've just about got all the answers Which is usually a good time to call the police, huh? Oh, what do you mean just about got all the answers Marlowe? What else is there? Jess Freeman a guy lieutenant Matthews told us about when we were over at Terry's place, remember? Oh, yes that traffic crash in Empire, Oregon, but why should that figure in this Marlowe? It shouldn't but I think it does And Matthews Marlowe Matthews another dead one on the Terry LaBarre case Yeah, Vince LaBarre her husband. He was shot Yeah, guy named Joe Temple it was self-defense. We're coming in Matthews I'll take that gun temple you get the letters. Let's go And we got into my car and started downtown Temple was more relaxed And he talked easily until we passed Vince LaBarre sparkling green sedan parked a block away Once again close into the shadows and once again empty real empty The sight of it closed them up tight for the rest of the trip When we walked into police headquarters and through the quarter of a mile of glossy corridor leading to the door marked homicide He didn't open up any But it didn't matter really because it's police rule never to talk to two men about the same thing at the same time I was first Matthews said hello without shaking hands wave me into an uncomfortable seat and then Let his pipe while I brought him up to date And it was his turn Sir Rose Facetta killed Terry LaBarre so that she could get the letters Joe Temple had written Oh, mm-hmm did this so that her boyfriend Vince LaBarre could raise a lot of fuss and divorce court with the letters File a counter suit that kind of stuff. That's the whole deal with Temple making it a double header by shooting Vince when Vince came to kill him That's it Matthews if you believe Temple, huh? And if Temple hadn't slipped all right now What are you getting at Phil that when I was on the phone with you earlier tonight? You asked me if Temple or I knew anything about a Jess Freeman was killed in a traffic accident in Empire Oregon, right? Right, but you didn't no Nor did I mention the town of Empire. It's a temple Get a half hour ago just before I called you temple came up with that name Hold my calls mooney Molly you mean I mean that Joe Temple killed Terry LaBarre Rose just knocked her out and got the letters Temple strangled her while she was still unconscious Yeah, but why because a guy identified as Jess Freeman got himself killed in a traffic accident So a guy who I think was actually Holland Casey Terry's Too fisted assistant who together with Joe Temple was crossing the boss lady But not left Temple in a very hot spot to save himself. He had a kill. Can you prove all this model? No Not a word of it. It's conjecture, but conjecture that fits Matthews when Temple found Terry unconscious in the garden That was his chance. He took a look Phil Phil. You're guessing it. Sure. Sure. I'm guessing but not in the dark I know how these guys think an act I've done too many cases not to know and I'll listen for a minute. Will you Matthews? All right, oh now look Temple had to get those letters back, right? Yeah, yeah, the last one in particular because in the last one This is the way it's got a figure he had lied to Terry about being in San Francisco with Casey yesterday when actually Casey was in Empire, Oregon Yeah, when Casey was killed up there. The fact was bound to come out. Yeah, it's it's a good Let me finish please All right finish Temple knew Terry would find out he knew that she couldn't stand a liar and a partner who double-cross her Temple knew that she'd get him and ruin him if it took her the rest of her life So he came back to get the letter before she could read it, but she hadn't left town as planned Ironically enough because she didn't want to miss one of his letters. Yeah, but look I'm a policeman Phil I gotta have all right. All right. You're the policeman. You got labs and technicians. You'll get the facts And I'll bet you'd figures just like I say okay Phil okay and another thing Matthews What when you talk to temple who's holding the packet of letters now like a real good boy? Yeah, you'll find the last one missing. It'll be in his pocket. I'll bet you on that I'd ought to do it lieutenant. Yeah with one exception Phil How did temple maneuver all this? Getting the latest from rose for Saturday and setting up that self-defense deal I don't know but my guess is that Vince got the letters from rose just before I arrived at her place When he got into his car. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah temple was waiting slugged him drove back to his own house drop the body in the living room Shot him when he heard you coming something like that See if you can't get it out that way. Oh, no worry if it's true. We'll get it out. It'll be true Now would you ask mr. Temple to come in please mr. Marlowe? I'll be glad to lieutenant Say temple lieutenant like to see him. All right Marlowe. I think I can speak coherently now good They like to get the facts straight in there go ahead. Yes, of course Good night Marlowe and thanks for your help. Oh Good evening, mr. Temple sit down and Start talking when I got into my car. The new day was starting to push the black out of the sky And the early morning air smelled fresh clean Yeah, the whole night had been confused and complicated But I knew that by the time Matthews had finished with temple There'd be no questions left unanswered. That would be great. Wouldn't it if everything could be that way? No questions left unanswered The adventures of Philip Marlowe bringing you Raymond Chandler's most famous character star Gerald Moore are Produced and directed by Norman McDonald and are written for radio by Robert Mitchell and Gene Levitt Gerald Moore may currently be seen starring in republics the blonde bandit Featured in the cast were Charlotte Lawrence Elliot Reed Dora Singleton Georgia Ellis Bill Lally and Hugh Thomas Detective Lieutenant Matthews is played by Larry Dubkin The special music is composed and conducted by Richard a runt be sure and be with us again next week when Philip Marlowe says This time a bride-to-be a corpse in a plush bungalow and a southern drawl behind a gun all had one thing in common They move through the same deep shadow Remember you'll find George Burns and Gracie Allen and their good friend Bill Goodwin here on most of these same CBS Stations every Wednesday night and the half hour following the Bing Crosby show This is Roy Rowan speaking now stay tuned for pursuit which follows immediately This is CBS where Burns and Allen are heard every Wednesday night the Columbia broadcasting system


St. Lucia has recorded a total of 24 COVID-19 cases to date. 22 of these cases are fully recovered and two patients remain in care at the respiratory hospital and they remain stable. A total of 2,927 tests have been conducted to date. The Ministry of Health was informed by the St. Vincent's Health Ministry of St. Lucia International who traveled to St. Vincent's under Grenadines on Sunday, July 19, 2020 and after screening was tested positive for COVID-19. The Ministry of Health and Wellness has undergone intense contact tracing, screening and testing of all possible contacts in relation to this case. The family, close friends and work colleagues of the individual have been tested and placed in quarantine. None of the contacts of the individual, including family, friends and employees, have developed symptoms. On Friday, July 24, 2020, a total of 197 test results were received and on Sunday, July 26, 2020, a total of 133 samples were also processed. The total of 330 results were all negative. These include the contacts of the case and other samples as per usual. Based on our review on the weekend, there are only four outstanding contacts to be tested today. As we continue with the phasory opening of the country, the risk of introduction of COVID-19 is increased. We expect and we anticipate to manage cases. The public is advised that all of the protocols are still in place, including the reduced numbers for public transportation and protocols for private and public sector establishments. These also include the use of face masks in public and the maintenance of safe physical distancing from others. We continue to advise on the importance of maintaining the standard recommendations for infection prevention and control, which include regular hand washing of soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizer where soap and water may not be available, and also safe cough etiquette of covering your mouth with tissues when coughing and sneezing. The Ministry of Health and Wellness, as usual, we will continue providing updates on COVID-19 as information becomes available.


Hey everybody, welcome to the first episode of Realistic Minecraft Dragon Ball C. Hope you guys enjoy. Kakarot! Where are you Kakarot? Guardian, where is Kakarot? Where is the one they call Goku? Well then you will be my prisoner until I find him. Hi Mr. Cow. How are you doing? Hi Mr. Piggy. Mr. Horse. Wow, do you guys feel that key? I wonder who that could be. I'm gonna go check it out. Looks like it's coming from Kami's lookout. I wonder who could be there. Man, I hope I get to fight someone strong. Hey, you have a tail just like I did. Are you a Saiyan? I am Vegeta, Prince of All Saiyans. Wow. Help me Goku. You bet you're really strong. I am the strongest in all the universe. Why do you have Kami in a cage? Help me Goku. I was holding him hostage till I found you. Let him out. Don't worry Kami. I'll get you out of there. Hey, that wasn't fair. I wasn't ready. A true warrior is always ready. All right, let's take this somewhere. We can go all out. No one will get hurt. Your sympathy for these weaklings is a weakness. I will have to beat out it. All right, let's go. Wow, you don't waste any time. I guess you want to get right to it. Whenever you're ready. That's the best you got. You're fast. I was a close one. Goku, you will never defeat me. I will win.  Come here, my heart. I'm going to do that one. I'm just very remissing. I'm here, my heart. That's the best you got. Wow, he is a good fighter. I'm going to have to hit him and hit him quick and hard. Be able to beat him. Wow, he survived. You're so excited. Coming for you, Kami. Don't worry. Get you out of there. Help me, Goku. I'm going to break these iron bars real quick. Did you get all the dragon balls? Don't worry. I got all the dragon balls. I got all seven. Hey, here you go. No problem. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. Thank you, Goku. I didn't even have to use my fingers for that one.


Well hey there, it's Sandy Allnock and I'm going to talk about teaching color theory to kids and I have some doodling that I'm going to include later in this video because I have a bunch of stuff I want to chat about and that'll give me some time to do that. The new class is called understanding color for kids. I was going to call it color theory but that sounded too fancy so understanding color for kids sounded good and the supplies are pretty basic. A mixed media sketchbook, I recommend this Canson XL. It works with colored pencils, with water based markers, watercolors, crayons, all kinds of stuff. Basically a Sharpie and a pencil and an eraser. It's very very basic art supplies. They're going to be learning how to make a color wheel. I'm going to show them in colored pencil how to do some blending to get from a darker to a lighter color. We're going to talk about triadic, complementary, and analogous color combinations and we're going to also do color wheels in other mediums and talk about how to blend the rainbow together. Get all those colors to blend into each other. We'll do basic exercises just demonstrating what are different complementary colors and then ways to use complementary colors and analogous colors and triadics and rainbow and we'll even be doing some lessons that you might be surprised at your kids level of understanding and their ability to do the project.  Whatever they want to do with this class is great. Some of the lessons are geared toward kids that are maybe a little older like you know, upper middle school, early high school. Some of the lessons are going to be basic enough that a little kid is going to just totally love it. So I'm not schooled enough in teaching littles to really know how to scale the class as far as who it's for. But I just know I trust kids to be able to do their own thing. You put art supplies in front of them and they'll go for it. They'll have a good time. This particular lesson was teaching them how to draw the mushrooms in the first place, how to make something in the foreground versus something in the background and then blending the colors, looking at how much yellow with how much blue and what happens when you use more blue or less blue or more red or less red and then at the end of that whole colored piece. Of course, since I'm a doodler, I recommended that they try some doodling and that's what I am showing you now while I finish chatting with you because I wanted to talk to a couple audiences for this video. First is my regular followers. You guys are artists already. You already have an idea what you're doing.  They don't even have to be near you physically. We now, since we have Zoom and FaceTime, you could be a mentor to them remotely. You don't have to actually be in their presence in order to do that. And if you get this class for some child, join in with them and do the exercises with them. Get yourself a sketchbook and do it, too, and ask them to show you their homework and you show them yours. Talk to them in art terms. Use complementary and analogous and triadic and use these color words and teach them the vocabulary of art, the language that's going to stand them in good stead. They're going to feel like they know what they're doing because they've learned from you. Of course, they've learned from me, but they're going to respond more to you. I'm going to give them the admonition to come and share in our Facebook group with all the other students.  And they're going to get lots of love for anything they share there. But if they can't share there, I will accept emails from parents. If they want to email their kids' artwork and get some feedback, I could do that. But it's going to mean more if you as an auntie, a grandma, a cousin, you know, somebody from church, some person who knows them, that's going to mean so much more to them. And then to parents who aren't artists, you're like, my kid loves to draw, but I have no idea where to start. Well, this is one of those places to start. I have a couple of art classes for kids and you can sit them down with it. They're perfectly safe videos. We're not going to be doing anything that you'd be ashamed or embarrassed of or anything if you want to hook them up with our Facebook group. There are tons of people who are going to give them loving encouragement in in their artwork. And every time they share something, they're going to get a ton of thumbs up. It's going to make them feel really good. And that group is moderated. So it's a perfectly safe place for them to be and to share. And if you want to share for them and then bring them over and show them the comments, you're welcome to do that, as well as emailing me if that's what you need to do as well. I want your kids to feel uplifted and encouraged and and to feel like they can do it. Like I remember there was somebody who told me once when I told them I was an artist, they got into this sob story. I hear this from people a lot and not sob story in a bad way. It was just a tragic moment where they had put their artwork up on the bulletin board at school and for whatever reason, they saw it slide off the bulletin board and hit the floor. And the teacher walked by and just stepped over it, didn't even see it. And that person remembered that moment and never created artwork after that because they felt unvalued. And I don't want any kid to feel unvalued. And so whatever you can do to encourage your kids in whatever it is that they want to learn to do, whether it's art, science, computers, whatever it is they want to learn, just give them all the encouragement that you can, even if you don't understand it. And watching this video to see what this class is about. That's your first step. You are engaging in something that might be a new door opening for them. And I think that's a good thing. And I want to commend you for that. And then finally, for the adults who are probably thinking, I need some basic color theory. Yes, you could take this class. That would be I mean, I'm not going to stop you from doing it. But if you would like to be spoken to more as an adult than as a child, I would recommend any of the jumpstart classes that are on my website. And those classes are all for getting started in a medium. And in each one of them, I address color theory because that is, for me, one of the foundations of art and knowing how to choose colors and how colors work together and that sort of thing. And you can get it in the medium that you're most interested in, especially, which is great. The only jumpstart ish class that doesn't include that. Well, I guess two of them. There's one on drawing. It's called Drawing 101 because it was before I started calling things jumpstart. But the drawing 101, of course, doesn't have color in it, but that has a lot of shading and that sort of thing in it. And the alcohol ink class doesn't have color theory other than telling you not to mix red, blue and yellow together because you get brown. But everything else, all the other mediums, pencils, markers, water color, all that has color theory in it, taught in a way that I think is more helpful for adults. So there's that for all of you. So I hope this class is going to open up new worlds for kids, especially in this pandemic laden world that we're in, where everybody's learning at home and learning how to virtual school and homeschool. And people may not be bringing much of the art education to the kids. This might be just one way that you can do that for five bucks. It's a really accessible way to do that. A very limited supply list, but a big investment in a child's life to help them to enjoy that art journey from now going forward. Thanks so much for visiting me in this video. Click the like button and share it with your friends if you know other people who have kids who might be interested in a class like this, and I'll talk to you guys later. Bye bye.


you look at the money they've spent this off season the years that they've committed some of these players to two years to three years that sort of thing Jack and I go back to what you said the analytics department puts a dollar value on certain players and they're just not gonna go wildly over that which I would guess is why they've signed a lot of these players who they like are quality players but they don't want to go to that number of 30 million plus for remaining Machado right they have not shown any indication or any inclination to do that Bob and yesterday there was a lot of noise on social media because a couple of respected reporters reported that the White Sox had the best offer out there for Machado at 7 for 175 million that caused Dan Lozano Machado's agent to come out and say that is wrong that's inaccurate and he took shots at it but here's the thing whether the 175 was accurate or not I don't think anybody believes he's going to sign for that amount it's going to be into the twos he's going to get some kind of deal like that that didn't change anything within the Yankee world reached out to some people around the Yankees and people who deal with the Yankees today and they said that that hasn't changed their viewpoint they've marched forward with what they want to do for this offseason and you asked me last show Bob are they totally out and I said 90% and I'm gonna stick to that 90% all it takes is one phone call for something to change but the vibe I'm getting from people around the organization is that they are happy and content with the moves that they have made and that Manny Machado does not seem to be one of the players that they're going to pursue


Pedro Sánchez has been once again elected Prime Minister of Spain. How did he manage to cobble together a coalition? A new report chronicles the impact of climate change on health. What are the factors that affect public health and health systems? And finally, air pollution in India's capital continues to worsen. Why are New Delhi's residents struggling? This is the Daily Debrief. These are your stories for the day. And before we go any further, if you're watching this on YouTube, please hit the subscribe button. Pedro Sánchez of the Spanish Socialist Party has been re-elected Prime Minister of Spain months after an election that did not give any party a majority. Sánchez managed to get together a coalition which included Basque and Catalan nationalists, a very controversial move which led to very violent protests by the right wing. What are the challenges before Sánchez and what will its agenda be? To know more, we have with us Anish. Anish, thank you so much for joining us. Elections were held in Spain in July and it's been many, many months and the negotiations took a long time clearly. And in fact, in these elections, Sánchez's party was not even the leading party. So could you maybe talk us through how this coalition itself happened? What was the kind of discussions involved? And how did finally Sánchez become the Prime Minister again? So yes, Prashant, what you've seen over the past four months are very intense negotiations between the PSOE and pretty much every major regional party that there is in the Congress right now who are more Republican or left inclined at this point in time. And we have seen a very different set of concessions given to each of these blocks, including Sumad, which was the junior ruling coalition partner in the former Sánchez government. Sumad pretty much secured a reduction in working hours, weekly working hours for workers in Spain. And apart from that, the most contentious definitely was the Amnesty Bill, which definitely sparked a massive protest by right wingers. Massive and also violent, let's add to that as well. There was an attempt to siege, lay siege on the PSOE headquarters and also attack certain other coalition partners as well. So we have seen that and this definitely came with very rigorous coalition talks that probably hasn't been seen in Spain in recent memory. And nevertheless, what we are looking right now is a set of promises, promises that will actually bring in more funding, more investments into the rural Spain, especially the more minority blocks like Galicia or Basque or even Catalonia in some, like one of the coalition partners did call for a couple of billion dollars in investments. So what we're looking at is going to be a more spread out investment for development, for any kind of new investment projects from the government. And that is definitely what has been clinched at this thing. But what we are also looking at is the prominence. Obviously they existed, the more nationalist or separatist kind of groups have already existed and have always been there in the parliament for a while now. But definitely none of them were able to influence government making to the extent that it has at the current moment. So definitely their prominence has risen, even though many of them lost seats, lost votes in the snap elections that was held in July. But many of them are now basically kingmakers and in this case, they will have a significant say in the coming government, especially towards policies to the minority regions that have been calling for independence of some sort over the past decades now. And Anish, of course, this has also led to violent protests by the right wing. So could you maybe also talk a bit about that? Yes, so it was not unexpected because definitely the right wing have always called for a more rigorous crackdown actually on those calling for a separate nation, especially those in the Catalonian region. And that is pretty much the reason why the amnesty bill for the protesters, especially the leaders who do identify as Republicans who want the monarchy to go, who want Catalonia to be an independent nation, is something that was the most contentious for them. And violent protests, as I pointed out, included trying to lay siege on the party headquarters of the PSOE and also other places, attempts to attack leaders of the left. And that clearly brings out a sort of ideological battle as well to the forefront that was not seen for a very long time in Spain. And this clearly shows that there is now going to be a more polarized Congress of deputies where the right wing will be more vocal and maybe even more assertive or even violent in some cases with the upcoming government that includes people whose it sees as enemies of the Spanish nation or whatever. But definitely what you're looking at is also a consolidation of the more Republican and left-wing groupings around Sanchez and that consolidation will have its own impact in the long run. So we have to wait and see how this new government is going to take shape, if you will have these new parties, these new coalition partners being part of the new government or if they're going to be there just for the supply vote and confidence vote and how they're going to influence government policies on a whole range of issues because this is probably the more left-wing and more Republican kind of government that Spain has seen in recent memory and definitely more left-wing than the previous Sanchez government. So definitely what we're looking at is going to be at least expectations of a progressive set of policies on major issues that are also facing Spain right now especially when it comes to migration or for that matter austerity that has been a major issue and obviously the cost of living crisis and how the government is going to deal with it in the coming years. Rani, thank you so much for the analysis. We'll see how this government pans out considering the various pulls and pushes that are going to definitely be there. As you said, very different kinds of agenda as well. A challenge for the Spanish socialists and the Sanchez on one hand which are always sort of tacked to the centre but also very interesting moment for the Spanish left in terms of whether they can actually capture more space after they kind of declined for a while in between. Thank you so much. The Eighth Annual Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change which was released on November 15th shows the impact of climate change on health and there are many. For instance, elderly people and infants are now experiencing twice as many heat waves per year than they would have had in 1986 to 2005. Similarly, the spread of infectious diseases is increasing. The report is called for climate-driven health action. To understand what this means, we go to Ana. Ana, thank you so much for joining us and we have talked about health systems and public health a lot on this show and definitely climate change likely to be one of those factors which will really accentuate the cracks already in these systems will really be an attack on public health on its own so to speak. So first of all could you sort of explain some of the major aspects of this report especially the kind of impact that climate change is likely to have on health crisis in general? I think that's one of the main points of the report actually is that you cannot pinpoint to one specific health outcome of the climate breakdown but the biggest problem is that they are so interlinked that at some point the effects are going to affect human health and planetary health of course in one way or another. So we're talking about impacts on food systems. We're talking about the impacts of deadly heat or on the impact of floods but also to increases in prevalence of infectious communicable diseases which we had not seen in certain parts of the world before or we have seen among a smaller number of people than we are seeing now and that we will be seeing over the next decades. I think that one of the points which the report makes a very big highlight of is the impact of heat waves, of extreme heat, of droughts on people all over the world so it starts with saying that because of various forms of heat waves and of droughts there are now almost 130 million people more experiencing food insecurity in over 100 countries in 2021 than there were in for example in the period between 1981 and 2010 if I'm not mistaken. So that's only the impact on food security which we know that has extensive health implications because it impacts children, it impacts older people. It means that more children do not have access to adequate quality and quantity of food that leads to the one hand to stunting, to the prevalence of underweight among children but we also know that it leads in a world where the commercial determinants of health are not well regulated, it can also lead to the increased consumption of food which is bad for health. So that's definitely one of the outcomes to look out for but then you know it also makes a point that we have to take into consideration that heat directly is causing more and more deaths so you know specifically if you look at a couple of categories of population categories which are especially vulnerable to the impacts of heat and that is older people so people over 65 years of age and then children under the age of one they're now experiencing among so essentially they're experiencing twice as many heat waves than they would have in the previous reporting periods so that's you know it's a big increase, it has the potential to damage health in a number of ways and then finally you know it's not only the direct impact on health but it's also impacting health through impacting the economic determinants of health because of the heat we know that many people especially those who work outside so for example the agriculture sector is especially vulnerable to this agricultural workers experience a loss of labor hours because they are not able to work or they are not able to work without compromising their health so that is an additional layer to what we're seeing here and then of course you know we can also talk a lot about what's happening with the infectious diseases because we have seen dengue outbreaks recently which is connected to how the climate change trends are going we are also seeing an increase well in the spread of bacteria that can cause the aerial disease and this is because of the rising temperature of sea temperature of sea which makes more and more coastlines adequate habitats for the development of these bacteria so essentially it's a combination of factors that we are looking at and it's impacting the global south more than it is impacting the global north although it has to be said that there are problems in the global north because of climate change as well right Anna that was the question I was going to come next which is that like climate change in general itself it's not an umbrella term the impacts are different on different parts of the world so I suspect I presume that the health impacts are also going to be in that sense very different so could you maybe also take us to that well yes and again you know it's something that we've been seeing for a long time and that climate activists and health activists have been pointing out that will be a problem all along and that the global south countries are more exposed to the impact of climate change than those in the global north and that again happens in many ways we know that you know we have seen very recently the effects of the droughts in parts of Africa we know that parts of Latin America are also experiencing widespread problems because of that and the issue is that it's not these countries who are actually responsible for what is happening and them being forced to shoulder the burden while not being offered any kind of retribution for what is happening is what's making it's what's making things worse essentially so but again I think it's worth mentioning that even when we talk about this unequal distribution of health burdens in the context of climate change we have to take into consideration how these different effects overlap so we start with a situation where already these countries do not have health systems which are comparable on on certain level we know that the health systems in Africa and Asia in Latin America have been weakened in different ways compared to those in the global north so you start from a position where it's already much more difficult for a health system to respond to the effects of climate change that we're seeing so how are health systems in West Africa going to cope with a rising number of people who are suffering from heat stroke or who do not have access to clean water or who have less and less access to nutritious food so this is something that really is highlighted in the report it's highlighted in the reactions of the WHO to this report and it's something that needs to be addressed in a broader scope than what we're talking about if only we're focusing on climate change right Anna thank you so much for that definitely an issue which in the coming years and coming decades will be very high on the agenda of activists and governments definitely need to take notice as well thank you for talking to us and finally India's capital New Delhi is struggling with air pollution the city's air quality index remained in the severe category what is worse is that the weather conditions are likely to perpetuate these issues in the coming days Delhi is not the only city facing this crisis though many Indian cities have been dealing with poor air quality in what has become an annual affair we go to Pragya Singh of Newsclick to understand some of these issues Pragya thank you so much for joining us pretty alarming visuals from New Delhi right now poor air quality people having difficulty breathing and this is not just today's situation it's been the same for many days now in fact it's almost an annual event this kind of a poor situation in the streets of Delhi and the skies and in many other Indian cities as well so maybe you could first take us through what's happening and what are the reasons for this poor air quality right Prashant it really is an annual feature you know one of our regular columnist the Raghunandan of the Delhi Science Forum has actually said it's a festival we should you know market like a festival I mean he's not actually trying to be funny what he's trying to say is that not only is the pollution very high but the kind of solutions that the various state governments and the center government are coming up with are not working so the sources of pollution is where the problems began it's actually traffic you know the traffic flying on the roads is the biggest source of pollution in most Indian cities in most parts of the country yet you know the focus seems to be on events that occur temporary events that occur from across the year so there'll be a festival or there will be crop burning which is a result of you know the farmers being in a rush to plant the next crop and you know not wanting to lose out on the sowing season so the focus is entirely on events that do cause pollution but are not the primary cause of what the scientific community would call baseline pollution the base pollution is very very high double or triple the accepted limits across the year so you have very high pollution and then you have certain events like festival where crackers are burst or you know the farm fires and then when the situation gets very bad is when the media steps in and talks about it the other sources of pollution of course are household waste and waste burning and construction dust and then finally road dust so depending on where the city is if you're like Delhi the capital then you're surrounded by areas which have all of these problems you move your industries out you move the you know the power generation sources based on diesel a little farther out but then the breeze will just blow them back in or you know you try stop cap measures which don't work which I think we can talk about too So Prage coming back to that point what are the kind of solutions that are coming up because I think that's very key like like you said this becomes subject of conversation this time around every year and then there's a flurry of experts coming in various bodies intervening sometimes even the courts but what are the kind of solutions being proposed in ideally what should be done Right Prashant so I had to actually list those out because they're so varied and sometimes a little fascinating actually the solutions as well as the so-called solutions so odd even which is supposed to be a way to cut the traffic on the roads to half it didn't work because the Supreme Court wanted to know well does it really work and the Supreme Court is not entirely wrong in asking this question because Just to clarify odd even is when vehicles are you know there's a separation right Yes odd even is when you are told that the registration plates which are even flying one day and then so on and so forth so that didn't work because the Supreme Court basically said does it work and you know they had a point there because there are so many exclusions to this plan introduced in Delhi and attempted by other cities that you know it was questionable how well it was working because of that then you have smog guns now you know even I cross over this you know the border of Delhi with the neighboring state to reach my house every day and there's a giant construction site with this one smog gun it's a pathetic site you need thousands of these and you know I don't think it's possible to install that many but a lot of money around the country is being spent on these kind of stop gap measures what is being done for controlling the pollution arising from the transport of goods and passengers and the transport and the vehicles which ordinary people use there's really no word on that the other thing is that this because it's a human cry so the governments I think feel pressured to take strict action strict action like you know last week one of the Indian provinces they actually arrested farmers they took hefty fines for taking for them for having burnt the crop residue the thing is that you know for the farmers it is a kind of a compulsion to burn their crop stubble until a solution that works is found but for passenger traffic you can have alternatives like public transport which solve this problem so you know a lot of the experts are sort of throwing up their hands in the air and saying why don't we work on those solutions everywhere across the country across the year you get reports of how public transport is not only not prioritized but deeper the number of buses is reducing the you know the metro construction seems to be sort of slowing down maybe it's got to do with the economy so those are the things which people are saying you need to focus on finally let's look at Delhi it moved some of the diesel powered power plants out but the pollution problem remained similarly in coastal cities like Mumbai you saw the similar levels of pollution people unable to breathe toxic fumes as you see in very landlocked landlocked areas like Delhi so obviously the solution need to be found so that the base level of pollution goes down and that isn't being done at all Right Pragya thank you so much for talking to us like you said it does seem like what we need throughout the year structural solutions which actually managed to mitigate the impact rather than you know last minute hand wringing and sometimes very misguided solutions as well thank you so much for explaining that that's all we have time for in this episode of DERiT Brief we'll be back tomorrow with another episode in the meanwhile visit our website peoplesdispatch.org watch our videos and if you're watching this on YouTube please hit the subscribe button thanks for watching