Welcome, property fans. Welcome to the masterclass exclusive for the virtual property show hosted by the Property Hack.Club. My name is Carlo Mariani. I'm the chief hacker of Property.Club, founder of the Property Court and local property investor and educator. And today you're invited to this masterclass. What to do and how to choose the right investment area for you is avoid expensive mistakes with these five hacks. And we're going to be very practical about what you should do and what you shouldn't do to succeed in this market in South Africa. Today, tomorrow, in the next 20 years, I'm going to give you some priceless pointers on how to choose the right investment area. And before I do that, just in case you're wondering, where is this guy coming from? Well, I came in South Africa in 1999 thinking I was going to stay here for six months. And then 21 years later, here is what I've got to show you. Meet my beautiful family. What I think is beautiful, beautiful for me. Meet my wife, Zincle, after 11 years of beautiful marriage and meet our son, Daba. And meet my assets here. You know, you got assets on this side, the most important assets that we have in our life, our families. And on the right side, meet my other assets, my South African properties. Here are some examples of some properties that are on. And I want to show you these pictures because it's all about ordinary properties for ordinary South Africans. So, you know, if you only go away from this masterclass saying, I got to focus on not on fancy things, not on complicated things, focus on taking the profits without the risk by investing in ordinary properties for ordinary South Africans in the right areas. And that's exactly what we here for, you know, as a property hack club. I want to share with you what is the definition of a property hacker. You know, a property hacker is first and foremost somebody that wants to take a legal shortcut, a legal shortcut to achieve the cash flow and the wealth, you know, that you can generate for you yourself, your family from investing in property. The most important on a practical level, you know, a hacker is somebody that always buys the right property in the right area at the right price without needing her, without needing her money, okay, without needing her money, you know, inside the property hot actual club. It's all about how you do property using your knowledge, using the tools, using the collaboration, whether you've got your own money, or you don't have your money, it doesn't matter. I started property in South Africa 2003 without any of my money, without any network, and I wish I'd done it a little bit differently. And so, how do you become a property hacker? Well, you know, first and foremost, I think we gotta basically pay attention, you know, to what Patrice is sharing with us, which is education is at the heart of achieving your dreams. You know, if you think that property is easy, think again, property is easier, but it's not easy. It's not something that you could do or should do simply because you've heard all these people making great money with property, because the easy money of South Africa, I believe, is behind us. But is the money finished? No, not at all. Actually, there are even more opportunities, but you gotta simply know what you're doing. And obviously, education is the heart of achieving your dreams. And one thing that you must start with is start with by avoiding expensive mistakes. You probably heard Warren Buffett, the most famous investor of all time, saying rule number one, don't lose money, rule number two is don't forget about rule number one. So, you know, as I sort of like have supported thousands of growing and aspiring property investors here in South Africa over the last few years, I've seen one pattern that emerges very often, which is a lot of South Africans just love the idea of buying investment properties off-plan. You know, when I say off-plan means new residential development. And reality is that that strategy as an investment strategy is largely an obsolete strategy. It's been obsolete from as late as 2006. It hasn't been working for a long time.   I still have the bulk of my portfolio here in South Africa. But let me tell you a story. In 2005, I bought off-plan in the beautiful city of Petersburg. And 10 years later, I had to resell the property, I bought it for $300,000, I resold it for $300,000, 10 years later. Why? Because I bought the wrong property in the wrong area at the wrong price.  No, that is just absolutely nonsense. I need to tell you it's absolutely nonsense. So, you know, if you think that I've achieved a lot of success, yes, I've achieved a lot of success. But I've also paid very expensive fees to the University of Property, Hard Knocks. Let me share with you three reasons, out of many reasons that I will share more in detail inside the Property Hangout Club with you, why you should be exercising serious caution when buying properties off-plan in this market. Number one, it's impossible to add value overnight, like light touch, refurb, subdivisions. Why? Because those big developers have got teams of architects, engineers, builders, quantity surveyors, town planners, you name it. They are designed to bring an optimized product, which basically means that once you're on the bus, all you can do is hope that the bus is going to go in the right direction. That's a very passive strategy, there's a dangerous strategy, because you're not able to add value beyond what the market is doing. Number two, like the rental premium you get when you rent out these units in the market, because I'm working for investors, you know, I'm helping investors and investors, you know, they're not speculators, they make money by renting these units over an extended period of time to good tenants they pay in full on time all the time. And you're getting a premium, but this premium is small and diminishes over time. But the purchase premium that you're actually paying now, you know, in 2020 to buy those units as opposed to buy similar units in the same area, you know, units that are old, 5, 10, 20, 50 years old is at all time high since that get has been measured in South Africa. So it's almost like you're going to Zara, you want to go to Zara when the sale is on or when it's full rise?  So that's basically number one mistake you should avoid. Number two, you want to choose the right investment area, right? You want to choose an investment area that is going to do great for you. And my next hack for you from the property hack doc club is all about affordability. You know, can people afford those properties? That's why I'm insisting. And I want to really sort of take this one with you. I hope you got pen and paper. And if you got pen and paper, write it down. The best strategy is going to continue to work in South Africa is ordering properties for ordinary South Africans. And, you know, banks of Africa recently released data to say that the average take home pay of South Africans at this point in time is just shy of 16,000 rend that gives you affordability for about 750,000 rend. So that is the sweet spot for investors because that's where supply and demand is skewed, you know, where you've got a lot of demand and relatively speaking, not a lot of supply. So that's another very important sort of hack that I've got for you. The third one is mass urbanization. Okay. So what I mean by mass urbanization that everybody's flocking to the same places. Okay. Everybody's flocking to the same places.  Let me tell you that this mass urbanization is actually not homogeneous. And let me show you some example. Okay.  And in how 10 in 1996, 7.3 million people 2016, 13.4 million people and counting plus 83%. And has how 10 grown in size by 83%. No, he hasn't grown in size at all. Not only that, but everybody wants to flock to very few places in how 10. Okay. Now, you know, with all due respect and lots of love, if anybody's connected working and living in orange farm, that's great. But that's probably not where most of the people that economically active want to invest in this funding time. But here's the difference. You know, if you had invested in Northwest, look at what's happening in Northwest, we barely add any kind of population growth. Why? Because Northwest is, you know, to a large extent and still is very dependent on mining and industry. There isn't a secular decline. So if you've been in the Northwest, you know, you haven't had the increasing supply that has been doing really great for your property investment. Is this going to change anytime soon? No, it's not going to change anytime soon. In actual fact, it's going to accelerate. So where do you want to invest? You want to invest in the Northwest or do you want to invest in Clarkstop? Look at this Clarkstop. You know, this is an investment done by, you know, one of the methods of the property head of clubs, before she decided that enough is enough, I need to invest in property the right way. I can't invest, I can't invest just on a four, three, two, one rule.  You know, I go out to three sort of show days, three weekends, then I make two offers and I'll buy one property. Because that's what might happen to you. Bought a property for 395,000 rents in 2013, 2020, the property price is exactly the same. Not only that, the rental is 4,200 rents, means every month this property is being subsidized. Is this a good or a bad investment? This is a shockingly bad investment, okay? That goes to talk to the people that says buy property and wait. No. But look at one of the things that I have done, once I've gone through the University of Property Hard Knocks, was quite simple. But in 2010, you know, a three-bed, one-bust, for 125,000 rents in Johannesburg CBD, you know, the heart of the sort of like financial quality and economic power hub of South Africa and Africa. You know, surprise, surprise, not only the market value of the property had gone up to 215,000, but most importantly, and your focus on cash flow, if you want to take a risk out of your property investment, by now that property is generating 4,400 rents in rental every month at a 99.9% rental collection ratio. Is that a good or a bad investment? Well, that is a great investment. That's how you make money with property by investing in the right property, in the right area, at the right price, boom.  So if you enjoy what you're watching, you know, don't forget to visit us at our virtual stand, the Property Hackouts Club, and I'll tell you more about why you should visit us in terms of free knowledge, special offers, just, you know, towards the end of this masterclass. But let's stay tuned on the masterclass. Follow the big money. Okay, follow the big money is one of the most powerful pieces of advice I can give you to choose an investment area that is going to do not just well, it's going to do great for you. So what does that mean in practical terms? Well, let us remind ourselves, there are three types of money. There's the public money, the government money, the municipal money, the provincial money, you know, the development banks money, and there is private money. Okay, and those are big money. But the third one, which is the most incredible one, is when the public money meets the private money, and they go together, you know, to develop, you know, like areas. Okay, so, you know, some people call it triple P public private partnerships. But when the public money and the private money comes together, all you got to do is slip stream this money. You must, there's no need for you to reinvent the wheel. All you got to do is slip stream the money. Let me give you an example. This is a wonderful example is the example, Johannesburg CBD still today in 2010, even more, still today is a wonderful example of how public and private money have come together, are continuing to come together, will continue to come together to generate investment opportunities for people like myself, yourself or the South Africans, you don't need the million, the billion rents. And that's as simple as that. Right. So by the way, you know, like one, you know, for those of you that are going to join us at the virtual stand, I will be there. You can interact with me. I look forward to answer all your questions. And three of you, three of you are going to win a one-on-one coaching session with me, with me personally via Zoom or via whatever online platform, each worth 2000 rent. I'm going to sit with you. I'm going to understand your circumstances. I'm going to advise you on your strategy and how to craft and implement the strategy. So don't mess it. You know, like it's the time for generosity at the virtual property show. So I will see you then.  Eat your property sandwich.  I'm going to give you, and I want to just sort of like do one quick thing here. If I can, if I can do that, just go back on full screen. A property sandwich is a strategy to be ahead of the curve, to be ahead of other investors. So for example, you know, when you've got two sides of the sandwich and there's the meat or the cheese in the middle of the sandwich, you want to be the meat in the sandwich in which way. Let me give you an example. So when I came here in 99, I remember driving from Johannesburg to Pretoria, and that was very little, you know, very little. And then there was something called Midrend. Midrend is a perfect example of a mega sandwich. Okay.  You can do it on a macro level. You can do it on a micro level. So for example, for those of you that hang around Senton, you've got Senton, you've got Rosebank, and in between there's a little area called Ilovo. Ilovo was one of the first places where I invested in 2003 because you had some really old flats, big, spacious flats, you can play soccer in them. And you can see now Ilovo has actually dramatically picked up its value and its appeal. You can even do it at a server level. Sometimes there's two roads, and there's a road in the middle that is not great, great yet. That's another opportunity.  That's a great opportunity for you to choose the right investment area. And if you basically, you know, want to finish today, have the pandemic crisis, have the profits of doom. I've been here since 1999. I remember coming here and people were saying, you know, South Africa is coming to an end. The property market is too expensive. And all I know is that history doesn't repeat itself, but it rhymes. As all I know, big crisis, big opportunity. Look at this. The last 55 years, every time property prices have gone down, look at what happened to property prices. They've gone back up. They've gone back up very fast. They've gone back up very steep. And you know, a property price is going down. Probably maybe, you know, property market has been incredibly resilient. It takes more than Corona to kill the property market. But nothing happens. Nothing happens unless you take action, unless you invest in yourself, unless you build the right local knowledge enough, you know, with Americans coming here that don't know what works or what doesn't work.  I fast-tracked my property success using the 2008-2009 crisis very quickly. Just, you know, this is one of the pictures I showed you earlier on, where I showed you my assets. Here it is. Bought a sectional title incentive in 2008. Great financial crisis. Everybody was ducking and diving about this property for 430,000 Rens. And by 2016, because of both the right property and the right price in the right area, it went up in value to 785,000 Rens. You know what I did? I went back to the banks and at that point in time, the banks were advancing 100% loan on the properties. So now I've got cash in the banks for 453,000 Rens, 0% tax legally. And that's the kind of stuff you want to do. And if you are committed to turn this great crisis into the biggest opportunity of your life, if you want to get access to some of these deals, learn how to go and fish, because we do not sell properties. We do not market properties directly and directly.  It is going to give you the knowledge, the tools, the collaboration platforms, the fast-track team. Come and join us. Add the booth, add the stand, so we can talk to you about more. And what I'm going to say, meet me there. I'm going to give you free knowledge. I've got a free video course on options, how to avoid expensive mistakes at auction and where the opportunities are with auctions that I'm going to give to everybody who's going to visit us for free. And plus, you've got a crazy offer to join the Property Headdress Club. And you've got a chance to win one or three coaching sessions, because last but not least, you can have property investment, or you can have excuses, but you cannot have both. And I look forward to answer all your questions live. Ciao from Carlo, founder of the Property Coach, chief hacker of the Property Headdress Club. Take action, because nothing works unless you do. Ciao.


Good evening everybody. My name is Dundee West and I'm a security analyst at Booz Allen Hamilton. Tonight I will discuss a paper that I started writing at the University of Maryland School of Law in order to fulfill the law school's advanced writing requirements. In this paper I argue that the current rules of war can address the emerging issues raised by cyber warfare. Before I begin just a few quick caveats. First the views expressed in the opinions expressed in this talk are mine and mine alone. They don't represent the views of Booz Allen Hamilton or any entity of the US government. Secondly this talk is for general information purposes only and is not intended to be and should not be taken as legal or consulting advice on any matter. My purpose here tonight is just to contribute towards a what I think is an important topic and just to contribute to the debate. So what will we talk about tonight? First I'll give an introduction to computer network operations and the actors that are involved. Secondly I'll give a survey of the laws that I feel that I believe have the largest impact on cyber warfare. I will also give my give a little bit of brief commentary on some popular issues that I think intensify the cyber warfare debate and then I'll get to the meat and potatoes of my paper where I would give five reasons why I believe the US should not enter into an international treaty for cyber warfare. Immediately upon taking office and in the midst of the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression, President Obama commissioned a 60-day study to review the plans programs and activities related to cyber security. And an investigation of recent events show why secure in cyberspace has been named a major national security priority of the Obama administration. First we have all probably heard about the 2008 cyber attack against Georgia or the Estonia cyber war. It is now come in place for cyber related events to make the front page of the Wall Street Journal have a clip in there. And actually when that clip came out just two or three days later it was another cyber related clip. And so I think as a whole we all get the threat of cyber security. So that was just interesting. But the results of the 60-day study I thought was an interesting they included several near-term and mid-term action plans. One action item recommended that legal analysis be conducted concerning cyber security issues. However this action item is rather broad and vague. In particular under this action item the government is not required to address the unique issues that arise as a result of cyber warfare. In fact there remains an intense debate on whether there should be an international treaty for cyber warfare hence the purpose of my paper. I will now give a brief introduction to computer network operations and the actors that are involved. So when you hear the word cyber I think it's thrown around sort of loosely. I believe that analysts often discuss the concepts of cyber warfare and cyber security in overly broad terms. For example if a cyber actor gains unauthorized access to a computer network and copies data then a commentator may refer to this act as a cyber attack. But if the cyber actor is merely snooping and didn't alter the performance or content of the network then a cyber attack hasn't occurred according to military doctrine because cyber acts can be divided into three unique domains collectively titled computer network operations or CNO. CNO is one of five core domains under information operations. The other four domains are psychological operations or a PSIOP, military deception or a Mildec, operation security or Opset and electronic warfare. So just a little bit of a few more details about computer network operations. On the computer network operations you have three more sub domains called computer network defense, computer network exploitation and computer network attack. More information about these can be found in the joint pub 3-13 and the cover of it is seen on the slide. Below each one of those sub domains I've included the formal definition out of the joint pub. That's a little bit long so I'm gonna give you my version of the definition. First C&D that's what most people are familiar with. That's just traditional computer security such as deploying a firewall or some type of intrusion detection system. C&E and the lines between C&E and C&A can sometimes be kind of blurry but a good definition, a good easy to remember definition for C&E to me is that'll be like snooping and you don't affect the performance or alter any, the performance of the network and you don't alter any data. And then C&A, the way I like to define C&A is that you are negatively affecting the performance or your altering data of an information system. This paper is mainly concerned with C&A so from henceforth when I use the term cyber warfare that's synonymous with computer network attack because again when we're saying stuff about cyber security that term can be really, really broad and I want it to be understood that I'm referring to the laws related to computer network attack. So I promised myself that I was going to find a way to talk about Raven's football. I love the Baltimore Ravens. I'm a season ticket holder, a proud season ticket holder. With that said, I have what I call... So I have... So when I was first learning this stuff, it's kind of dry. When I first decided to do this research in law school, at first I thought it was all sexy and all this stuff and I found out this is simply military doctrine and it kind of seems sort of dry. So I had to think of a fun way to remember these domains. So I call this the Dundee's football example to break down these three domains. So first, you know, when we're talking Raven's football, right? C&D. That's Ray Lewis and company. So they're the protectors. C&D, that's pretty straightforward. C&A, that's Joe Flacco, Ray Rice, you know, they're on an attack ready to score. Now C&E, Dundee, what the word? Like, how can you relate C&E to football? Think real hard.  They are the guys that are up in the press box, you know, sending down plays, calling in signals. One thing, Peyton Manning, for instance. If you watch Peyton Manning, he's always on the sidelines and he's looking at pictures while the defense is on the field, Peyton Manning, he's always looking at pictures. Those pictures are probably pictures taken from a blimp of plays and formations. He's getting, he's essentially getting the intel from the press blocks. So that's how I like to remember C&D, C&E, and C&A, Dundee's football example. So a similar distinction must be made when we talk about the actors that are involved. For the purpose of the study, I consider two unique scenarios in order to limit the actors involved. First, a nation state versus a nation state. That may be a traditional conflict, you know, a nation going against another nation. Secondly, we have a nation state versus a non-state actor. Now, that one is a little bit more interesting, but a good way to remember that one is, is if you think about what happened post 9-11, immediately after 9-11, I believe the next day you had the UN Security Council Resolution No. 1368, where basically a nation state was authorized to take action against a non-state actor, which were, you know, terrorists. So for the purpose of this study, not really concerned with international cyber crimes, not concerned with a situation where there's a private hacker going against another private hacker. Another situation is attribution. So like, you know, if we're going to talk about the scope of cyber actors, a good question is like attribution. Like, how do you know who's doing what on the internet? Internet is international. Attribution is a very, very important topic. I think it's probably the most important topic when it comes to cyber security. But, you know, for the purpose of this study, I had to leave attribution as a separate and a unique issue. But I plan to include attribution in the future. So, so now I will talk about the the laws of cyber warfare. So first, here's one interesting thing that I found out when I started this study. The laws of conventional warfare are applicable to the laws of cyber warfare. So to say that is to say, the same laws that govern shooting a missile also governs conducting cyber warfare. So I like, I chose to divide it into two regimes. One, what are the laws pre-hostility, you know, before a actual conflict begins? And what are the laws post-hostility, you know, while a war is ongoing? So that's the way I divided up these laws. So pre-hostilities. The long and short of it is, you know, under UN Charter, under the UN Charter, Article 24, there's basically a general prohibition against all uses of force. And I think the UN Charter is pretty clear on that. All uses of force. So how clear is that?  If one nation was to get a soldier to pick up a pebble and throw a throw that pebble towards the embassy of another nation under the UN Charter, and it's a far example. And I don't know if two nations will actually go to war over a pebble being thrown, but I'm used, I'm giving this example just to prove short point. So a soldier throws a pebble at that UN, at that embassy. Technically, the UN Security Council has the authority to sanction that act or to punish that act, to say that that act was an unlawful use of force. More than likely, chances are they won't, but they have that power to say that it was. Now there is an exception to that general prohibition against uses of force. That exception is under Article 51, is the general right to self-defense. So to put those two rules together, and we're talking pre-hostilities for it, to put those two rules together, there is a general prohibition against all uses of force except those sanctioned by the UN Security Council or authorized by the UN Security Council, or those done in self-defense. So that's pre-hostilities. So, and I'll talk about this a little bit more, but that's very important because it's a lot of talk that I see going on about when is a side-reactor use of force. I think that that may be sort of, it's not that important if you think about the UN's broad authority. Their authority is pretty much all uses of forces are prohibited, unless otherwise noted as below. So post-hostilities, this is a little bit interesting because this is talking about the laws during an ongoing conflict. So basically, once two nations are in an armed conflict with each other, the laws of war applies. The law of war must apply in all operations, including cyber operations. So that's where that piece come in where I said the laws of conventional warfare are the same for cyber warfare. The law of war must apply in all military operations, including cyber operations. And here's another one, only lawful military targets may be attacked. So in the conventional context, if a building was about to be bombed, that building must be shown to be a lawful military target. So the cyber equivalent to that is before a computer can be hacked, before a network can be hacked, that network must be shown to be a lawful military target. So how do you tell what is a lawful military target? Well, combatant commanders are required to use, consider three principles. Those principles are distinction, balancing military necessity with humanity and proportionality. So first about distinction. Distinction. Under distinction, two concepts emerge. These are mainly that there must be a formal distinction between combatant and non-combatant commanders. And then secondly, and the one that I think is the most important is that there is a duty to conduct warfare in manners that minimizes harms to civilians. So we'll talk about, let's talk about distinction in the cyber context. In the cyber context, so we know that the internet is very, is pretty much interconnected. So the chances are, if you want to attack something on the internet, that is also serving a dual purpose to do something to assist civilians. So for that, for, because of that, you know, commanders must take reasonable steps to limit attacks on the part of the network used by the enemy. So a good example of that is, if a virus was to be released in a network that's essential to a civilian function, such as banking or electrical power, and, you know, so even though you may have a military purpose to, you know, attack that network, if that network is also servicing banking or electrical power, that likely violates the principle of distinction. And so second, military necessity and humanity. These are two parts. Necessity. An attack on a target must further legitimate military objectives or grant a definite military advantage. And on the humanity, the attack shouldn't cause unnecessary suffering. So in the context of cyber, let's say that someone, this is a hypothetical example, someone that wanted to attack a power system or what one many call a skater system. Here to cross the threshold to legally do this according to military necessity, that's easy. You can easily argue that it's a military necessity. But, you know, let's throw out a question. What if that power also supplies a civilian hospital? Now the principles of humanity might be violated because even though you have a purpose to attack, you know, a skater system, it may have the, the collateral effect of unnecessarily affecting a civilian hospital. Last but not least, proportionality. This is basically, I call it a calculus. And a good way to remember this is that the ends must justify the means. And for the business types out there, this is essentially a return on investment analysis. Basically, you know, what you're doing must be worth it. The ends must justify the means. So that's post hostilities. So now, you know, I'll take a few minutes to hop on my soapbox. We have discussed computer network operations and the actors involved. We have looked at laws related to cyber warfare, both pre and post hostilities. And I will now provide commentary on popular issues that I believe are anticipating the cyber warfare debate. So first, we have the use of force debate. A popular issue as I was discussing before is about the use of force. When is the cyber act considered a use of force? One of the most popular answers to that question was proposed by Michael Smith. He's very, very famous. I read everything I can, anything I can get my hands on that he wrote I read. He basically had proposed a multi-factor test to determine when a cyber act constitutes a use of force. Smith, he recommends a consequence-based analysis to determine whether an act constitutes a use of force using the following factors. First, severity. He looks at immediacy, directness, invasiveness, measurability, the presumptive legitimacy and responsibility. But, so my response to that is, you know, as a reminder and what I was saying earlier, you know, it may not even be that important because all uses of force are presumed to be wrong for it unless it was, you know, allowed by the UN Security Council or done on the self-defense. So then the question is, you know, should the UN Security Council just be required to adopt one standard multi-factor test? Well, my response to that is that a multi-factor test may unnecessarily limit the broad authority that the UN Council has. I think that with cyber acts is very important that the UN Security Council maintain their broad authority. Now, it is one way that a lot of courts, when it comes, you know, when you're making a rule, multi-factor tests are very commonplace in the law. Most of the time when courts want to maintain a broad authority, they may have a list of multi-factors, but that last factor may allow for them, allow for the court to maintain its broad authority. So for example, you may have a statute or a law with factor one, factor two, factor three, all the way down to the last factor. And then that last factor will then say it will be very broad after all those factors and any other factor that the court deems necessary. So I would like to propose and add to the Smith test that in addition to his numbered factors, it should be another factor added that says any other factor, you know, that the UN Security Council deems necessary or something to that effect. That way the UN Security Council maintains their broad authority but then still has a standard. But that's that's sort of the only way I would I agree with a multi-factor test. So then, you know, in light of the general prohibition against users of force, I want to propose the following rule. A nation conducting any any CNA prior to hostilities is legally doing so only in the case of reasonable self-defense. If self-defense is not involved, then the nation actor is conducting CNA with the risk of being sanctioned or punished by the UN Security Council. That's the rule I propose. I think that'll be a great standard. Now, does the UN Security Council need to do more to monitor cyber acts? Yes. But I don't think it implies that the current rules of war are inadequate for addressing cyber warfare. So secondly, I've been seeing an analogy floating around called the cyber arms race or cyber gain or cyber cold war, that type thing. I think that that is sort of an exaggeration. So basically, we're comparing cyber weapons to nuclear weapons. I think that that may be a unfair comparison. Furthermore, I believe that that may give a false sense of urgency of the of the necessity of creating a cyber treaty.  And now all of a sudden, you think it's necessary to create an international treaty for cyber warfare. And I think that that's a danger of doing that. So then, similar though, similar to that, though, it's important to know that the cyber threat is real. I don't know if you guys heard of it, but recently, there was a debate where, you know, Bruce Snyder came out, and he said something that was pretty revolutionary. He believed that, you know, the cyber threat has been grossly exaggerated. Now, Bruce, he has an excellent blog called Threat Chaos. I go to it every day. Bruce is another person that I read. Anything that he writes, I try to read. Bruce Snyder. I'm sorry, sneer, sorry. Yeah, but so anything Bruce writes, I try to read. I kind of like track him and stalk him because he's genius. And he's on this LinkedIn group called the Cyber Warfare Forum initiative that I'm a member of and I try to like look at stuff he's writing and stuff. But he thought, he believes, and he strongly believes that the cyber threat has been grossly exaggerated. So my view is that, my view is that, you know, it's very, very, very hard to exaggerate cyber warfare. So, but at the same time, he has a point. So I propose this rule. I have what I call the Fire Marshal Bill test. So how did I come up with this test? Basically, I think that cyber is the new fire. So fire safety, fire awareness is so important that it's ingrained everywhere. If you look over there, there's an exercise for fire safety. If you were to see a commercial on TV that say, you know, don't forget to change your batteries to your smoke detector, you wouldn't say, hey, what the hell? Why are they saying, why are they reminding me that they're exaggerating the danger of fire? You would think, man, I do need to change my batteries. I believe that cyber needs to become the new fire. We need to really, really be conscious of the threats of cyber. And we need to become cyber conscious. So if someone wants to come up to you and say something, you wouldn't, about fire, you wouldn't accuse that person of grossly exaggerating. And I don't think that you, we should accuse people of grossly exaggerating cyber threats. So again, I propose the Fire Marshal Bill test. How do you know when someone is exaggerating a cyber threat? How do you know that? Well, it takes real, real, like, gross exaggeration. And let me show it to you. I don't know if anybody remembers Fire Marshal Bill from In Living Color. Honey, honey, how's that roast coming along? It's almost ready, dear. Fire Marshal Bill is the only guy that can exaggerate the fire threat.  So you gotta find a similar guy to show the cyber threat in the dead room. Nice to meet you, folks. Fire Marshal Bill here. Won't you come in? No, Marshal. And that's right, Princess. Say, I sure have a beautiful family here. Why, thank you, Fire Marshal Bill. Now, how can we help you? Well, it's National Fire Safety Week. I've been going door to door, looking for fire hazards. Mind if I give your place a little infection? It's free. Please do.  Yes, sir. Pipes, cigarettes, number one cause of domestic fires. Let me show you. Certainly.  Now you start dreaming that you're having a little barbecue. You pull out a can of lighter fluid. I've got fire so many times I can't even feel it anymore. The trick is not the panic. Fire is what you're flying. Look what I found. Now at the station, we like to call this an octopus. Pull these up. It becomes an exposed electrical outlet. Let's just say it's after dinner. You've got a fork in your hand. Somebody says, hey, I've got the liquor. Are you joking? I've been hit by lightning 19 times. I'm starting to enjoy it. Okay, everybody. Okay.  So, hold on. Let me get my slide back. So I showed that example, you know, just to say this, to me, it is very, very hard to exaggerate the threat of cyber. It's very hard to exaggerate that. I think that Bruce may have had that wrong. Again, I believe that cyber is the new fire. You know, we got to take it serious. So if you're, but it is a time that you need to throw the flag, right? When it is being grossly exaggerated. So when you want to throw that flag, you know, to say someone is grossly exaggerating the cyber threat, think about that Dundee's fire marshal bill test.  Don't throw the flag.  So now I'll get to the meeting potatoes of my study. I'll come off my soapbox, get to the meeting potatoes of it. I'll now give five arguments why I believe creating a distinct body or international treaty for cyber warfare. Excuse me. I'll now give five arguments why I believe we should not create a distinct body or international law or international treaty for cyber warfare. First, I've already shown that the current rules of war can address it. So that's reason number one. The current rules already can address the rules of cyber warfare. Reason number two. Fields of law are seldom demarcated by technology. I want to point to the summer argument that was proffered by Joseph summer. Basically, he argued against the creation of a distinct body of cyber law. He asserted that cyber law is not a body of law in and of itself as technologies generally do not define bodies of law. Also, he thought that it was dangerous to consider cyber law as his own body of law and that to do so will lead to development of bad law. Summer highlighted the fact that there was never a law of the steam engine despite its role in technology. So similarly, I kind of took that summer argument and looked at it from a warfare standpoint and built on it. Basically, summer was like, if you look at old stuff, they're revolutionized society like the car, the steam engine, the train. It was no such thing as train law. So why should we now all of a sudden come out with cyber law? He thought that it was dangerous. I think that that's very relevant to whether or not it should be an international law for cyber warfare. Now if you look at that list right there, I have some very, very interesting treaties listed. Check that one out. The law of equestrian warfare, horse law. At some point during warfare, it was pretty revolutionary to use horses. It was pretty revolutionary to do that. So looking at the summer argument, believe it or not, some of those are real and some of those are actually false. But before I talk about which ones were false, I want to point to that mass right there. It's from my favorite movie, 300. Those were the mortals in one of the legendary battles in 300. If you think about it, back then, that mass was a serious technology. That was something that assisted warfare. It probably fell under the domain of psychological operations, but that was pretty serious.  You got to see his name like that, Leonidas. Imagine you show up and all of a sudden you see that, that mask. That's very intimidating. That's a psychological effect. So technically, they could have came out with a law that basically bans the use of or bans the imitation of paranormal activity. That's similar to what we're trying to do now. If we come out with a law about cyber warfare, that's no different than back in the days of Leonidas, that's no different from coming out with a law trying to regulate the use of masks or intimidating paranormal activity. What about when bowls and arrows and spears and shields first started to be used? I would imagine that it was a day in time where we fought war with just fists, right? But when someone came out with a sphere or the bow or the bow and arrow, that was revolutionary. So looking back on it, should there have been an international treaty on bowls and arrows and shields? Now, I'll admit the first one, two, three, the first five of those, actually the first four of those were made up by me just to drive home the point that just because there's something new and revolutionary, we should now automatically think that we should have an international treaty. But believe it or not, the last five of those were real. Upon the first use of aircraft and warfare, there was a treaty drafted to address aerial warfare. That treaty basically was typed up, signed, never to be seen again. Also, there was a use when it was some discussion about scientists wanting to modify the environment, create hurricanes to support warfare. That was a real treaty, never went anywhere. It was also a treaty about x-rays. When we started coming out with x-ray technology, they thought that that was dangerous. That was new and exciting. Came out with a treaty for that, went nowhere.  We came out with that. So I guess my point is showing that is, we got to remember history. Just because something is new, sexy, and exciting doesn't mean we got to automatically think that we have to enter into an international treaty for it. So we got to think ahead 2,000 years from now, it'll be something, a new kid on the block. And right now it's cyber. So basically we got to recognize the power of the current rules of war. We got to recognize that they apply. They adequately address cyber technologies. And we got to go with that instead of having a knee-jerk reaction and coming up with an international treaty. Next, I believe that an unintended consequence of a cyber warfare treaty is that it may pose an undue limitation on a primarily non-lethal strategic deterrence. Despite the many doomsday scenarios, such as a nuclear power plant being hacked and causing a nuclear explosion, I believe that a cyber Katrina is unlikely. In fact, I believe that cyber warfare is unlikely to ever even cause the loss of human life. It could be argued that cyber warfare is a primarily non-lethal strategic deterrent. So my purpose in this rule, well not rule, but this reason for not having an international treaty for cyber warfare is to say that maybe cyber weapons may be the greater of two evils.  I think that cyber is a new, it's a, cyber is a non-lethal deterrent. Because of that, I think that if we have an international treaty on cyber warfare, it may pose an undue limitation on what I believe is a non-lethal deterrent for the most part. So I think that that's very important is to recognize that cyber is non-lethal and we shouldn't put a limitation on it. So last, not last, but this one is also very important. If we come out with an international treaty for cyber warfare, who will comply? Who's likely to comply? Right now, those people right there, terrorists, extremists, those are the main enemies. They don't even abide by regular rule of law, let alone a rule for cyber warfare. So before we enter into an international treaty for cyber warfare, it's important to ask, are real enemies likely to comply? Probably not.  They don't abide by regular law. And last but not least, I believe that the rate of technology will outpace the ability for international cyber regime to produce responsible policy while the flexibility allotted by the UN Charter is able to absorb technological advances. I say that to say this, you know, so let's say right now we set out to create this international treaty for cyber warfare six months later or a year or maybe even five years later, we come out with a treaty. By that time, technology would have revolutionized again. So each time we come out with a treaty, all of a sudden there's a new technology out that probably finds loopholes in that treaty. So I think with technology, we've got to stick with the current rules of war and abide by those because the current rules of war have withstood the test of time. So in conclusion, you know, I believe that the laws of cyber of war will be tested by cyber warfare in two situations. First prior to the commencement of an armed conflict and second after a conflict is ongoing. It is important to note that in each of these situations, the current laws of war can address the emerging issues raised by cyber warfare. Although several hot-button issues related to cyber warfare are often discussed and few of the cyber warfare debate, I believe that they may not be issues at all. A careful analysis shows that the current UN Charter and Laws of War should continue to govern cyber warfare. Creating an international treaty or law for cyber warfare, in my opinion, would do more harm than good and seriously cripple our country's ability to conduct war. And that's all I have.


So, Escape Fire is an incredibly important documentary to come out right now because most of our debate around healthcare has been around the problem of access, around how do we cover the 40 million uninsured. So the debates have been surrounding that. The debate has also been around the Affordable Care Act, which is mostly about covering the 40 million uninsured. And what this film really does beautifully is it highlights the other side of the problem, which is how poor the delivery system is, how bad so much of the care is, how uncoordinated it is, and how much of it is really unnecessary. There was this one scene in the documentary that really struck me, and it's a very simple little moment. It was a soldier who is learning to deal with his post-traumatic stress disorder. And he was doing meditation. This is one of the things that the military is experimenting with. And he was meditating, and you could see by the expression on his face that he was reliving something terrible. And the woman who was running the program just came over and touched him and calmed him. And it's this very powerful moment, and it reminds us that a big part of healing is not technology, it's the human connection. Now this human connection was not a huge theme of the documentary, but it does kind of run throughout. And one of the other areas that it touches on is the crucial importance of primary care. Your primary care doctor is the doctor who looks at you as a whole person. Your primary care doctor is really crucially important. And I think a lot of Americans would be surprised by learning that. Really good primary care can keep you out of the hospital. Really good primary care can keep you from having to go to the emergency room unnecessarily. And really good primary care can make sure that your chronic illness, like if it's asthma or heart disease or kidney disease or whatever it is, your primary care doctor is really important to making sure that you get what you need and that you take care of yourself. I think probably the most important phrase in the documentary came from a physician named Steve Nissen, who's at the Cleveland Clinic. And he said, medicine loses its way when it becomes a business.


Proudly, we hail! From New York City where the American stage begins, here is another program with a cast of outstanding players. Public service time has been made available by this station to bring you this story as proudly we hail the women in the Air Force. It's hard for us to remember the time when there were no women in the Air Force. To us, the sight of a young woman proudly wearing the uniform of her country, walking down any street in any city or town, has become an everyday event. Perhaps we have become too accustomed to it. Perhaps we no longer are aware of the tremendous job they do. The jobs they do are important, often critical. Without them, our Air Force would not be the tremendously effective organization it is today. Proudly, we hail Airman 1st Class Millicent Jones, Airman 1st Class Ann Jones, and Staff Sergeant Sarah Jones of the women in the Air Force and every member of the WAF. Our first act curtain will rise in just one moment. But first, if you're a service veteran, well, then you think about this for a moment, will you? Are you making the most out of your service gain skills? Well, here's something you should know. You may qualify to enlist in the United States Air Force in a gray that will be a real pleasant surprise to you. The Air Force needs men with training and experience gained in all of the armed forces. If you're skilled in one of these critical jobs needed to keep America's air defense strong, well, then the Air Force offers you an opportunity to put those skills to work to your best advantage. You've already earned credits toward a valuable retirement policy, so why not protect your investment? Your Air Force recruiter has a prior serviceman's folder that will give you full details. Write or visit him right away for your copy. And now your United States Air Force presents the proudly we hail production, Three Girls Named Jones. Ten dollar clock in here right away, and I mean immediately. That big galoot. When he boots one, he really boots one. Well, girl, you should have known better. A guy can write, but this is a woman's magazine and he's a man and a single one at that.  Don't throw it, boss lady. Whatever I did, put it down. You know I'm not the type to throw things, Ollie, but if I were, this would be the time. Oh, then something's really wrong. I thought maybe... That's the trouble, Ollie. You didn't think definitely. I'm fired, huh? Well, you should be, Ollie, but you're not.  And I'm going to keep trying to teach you how to write for my magazine if I have to drop dead in the attempt. Well, I keep telling you I'm not worth it, but you never believe me. You are. But every time I give you an important story or a series, you get that chip on your shoulder. And how does it end up? Well, I'll tell you. You jump in with both size 13s, criticize without knowing the facts, and we get letters like this. Well, it doesn't do any good to wave it in front of my face like that. I can't read it that way. I'm not going to read it. It's going to be read to you. Just as Millicent Jones wrote it, her own story, true to life. And who may I ask is Millicent Jones? Millicent Jones is an airman first class, Ollie, a member of the woman in the Air Force stationed in Washington. In fact, she's a general secretary. She has two sisters, Ann and Sarah, who are also in the Air Force. She says she picked up our latest issue the day before yesterday. Read your article on the WAF in your latest series, Careers for Young Women, and flipped her lid. She says she's sure not to be the first or only wonder, right? But she's positive, she's one of the angriest. Well, probably one of the frustrated ones I wrote about. You know, short, dumpy, stringy hair, couldn't get a husband, so she joined the WAF. Not if my eyes see right. She must have anticipated that remark because she enclosed a picture. That you can look at. Well, it must have been taken years ago, the bathing suit looks at least five years old. Airman Jones goes on, Ollie, my duck, and I quote, If Mr. Clark would care to find out the truth about the WAF, perhaps he should go straight to the source. I don't know where he got his facts, but they're not facts, they're fiction. Sincerely yours, Millicent Jones, airman first class, period, exclamation point. She has a subtle touch. Well, Ollie? Washington, hmm? Only take me a few minutes to pack, right? Right, Ollie. I can take just enough time to cancel my date tonight, yes? Just, Ollie. I shall be gallant, persuasive, charming, forceful. No? No. I want you to see her, talk with her, listen to her. I don't know where you got the information you printed, but she says it's false. I want you to be open-minded, fair and honest. I have a feeling that Airman Jones is going to show you a butt good. I wrote what I thought and believed. Nothing fair, lady, will ever make me change my mind. Fair well. I wouldn't be too sure, Ollie, my boy. I wouldn't be too sure. Honestly, Irma, I'm so excited I can hardly file these. My hands are shaking so. I don't blame you, Millie. I'd be shaking two of us on my way to Europe. Oh, it seems impossible. At this time tomorrow we'll be in the air over the Atlantic. And day after, we'll be in Paris. It's like a dream. Oh, boy, I should have such dreams. But it'll never happen to little old me. Sure it will. Am I salary, are you kidding? Join the wire, Irma. Then you can go almost anywhere in the world. You do things, see things. Oh, I thought of it lots of times. I'm scared. I'm scared to take. It means signing up for three years, taking your chances on assignments. I'd probably end up in the middle of a desert, digging for water. Oh, no you wouldn't.  You'd be sure to end up with a good assignment. What's better than being a secretary to a general at the Pentagon? Boy, if I knew for sure I'd get something like that, I'd join up in a minute. It wouldn't matter to me where I was. Sure I'm lucky to be in Washington. But in the WAF, I just know I'd have fun wherever I was. And I'd always know I was helping my country. That's a good feeling, Irma. Yeah, I know. And you know, I feel that way every time I give blood. It makes me feel like I'm really doing something. Oh, gosh, it's almost thirteen hundred. I've got a check with bowling about transportation. Yeah, and I better finish this letter. I'm not getting paid for sitting here and drooling. Two, three, four, seven, please. Very sincerely yours. Hello, this is Airman Jones. I'm your Brisbane secretary. Yes, that's right. You have? Good. What? Oh, don't worry. If anything, we'll be there an hour early. Thanks, so long. Mil, what time are you taking off into the wild blue yonder? Tomorrow morning at nine. Oh, boy, I wish I had your luck. It's not luck, Irma. You get only what you go after in this world. Back home, everyone said. Going into the Air Force, eh? Is that enough for you?  To them, Waterville was the whole world. But not to me. I knew I'd find what I was looking for in the WAF, and I did. You know what my family'd say? Crazy, that's what she is. It wasn't bad enough she moved to Washington, but the Air Force, crazy. I'm getting up to courage, though. One of these days I'm gonna do it. Good for you, Irma. You'll never regret it. General Brisbane's office, Airman Jones speaking. Yes? Mr. Clark? From what magazine? Oh, uh-huh. Yes, I guess so. But you'd better give him a map. If he knows as little about the Pentagon as he does about the WAF, he'll need one.  Do I? Irma, do you remember that letter I wrote to the editor about that article I read on the WAF? Sure, it was a Lulu. Well, he's here on his way up. Oh, the editor? No, no, the man who wrote the article, Mr. Clark. Yeah, and I bet he'll be tall, dark, handsome, young, and single. He will not. I bet he'll be middle-aged, married, and blind as a bat. It's a bet. Morning coffee treat for a week, huh? Done. By the way, Mil, you know exactly how long you're gonna be gone? I want to know what to say on the phone. We're scheduled for a two-week inspection tour. Two weeks in Europe with pay. Golly. Oh, now don't overdo it, Irma. We're going to work, not play. I know, but still. Airman Jones? Yes. You owe me morning coffee for a week when you get back, Mil. I beg your pardon? Oh, nothing. Just a private joke. I'm Airman Jones.  I don't think you have yet, Mr. Clark, but you will. My editor told me to be open-minded, fair, and to listen while you talk. Shall we declare a truce? All right. Temporarily. But remember, I didn't start the war. You did with that half-baked article. I just took a defensive position and fired. You may be pleased to know that according to my editor, you hit the target. I am indeed. I did come to talk. May we, here? There's not much privacy, Mr. Clark. I'm due to have lunch in a few minutes. Okay, but not Dutch. That shot wounded my editor where it hurts the most. As for me, I should be delighted. Oh, fine. I'll be right with you. Golly, some people have all the luck. See what I mean, Irma? A uniform gets them every time. So you see, Mr. Clark? Your article made me pretty darn sore. I'm in the WAF, so I know just how wonderful it is. I hate to bring this up, but I signed my articles, Oliver Clark, not Mr. Clark. Why don't you try, Olly, just to let me hear how it sounds? Tell me more about the WAF, Millie. No, I don't think I will. I have a feeling I'm wasting my breath. You just don't want to believe that the WAF can offer a girl just about everything she could want. Except a husband. I assure you, Mr. Clark, that being a member of the WAF hasn't made it harder to get married. If anything, it's made it easier. I've had more of a chance to meet young men and nice ones than I ever would have had otherwise.   Open your mind, too. I'm leaving for Europe tomorrow, and I'll be gone for two weeks. Why don't you talk to more girls like me? You won't be able to, well, to help feeling their enthusiasm, their interest in their work, in the Air Force. You should be in publicity. I'm asking you to be serious. Now, look, I have two sisters. One in Hawaii at Hickam and one at Y80 in Wiesbaden, Germany. Why don't you arrange it for them? They may be able to convince you where I can't. I'm sure you can fix it to go. Are you going to visit your sister while you're in Europe? I think so. We're scheduled for Wiesbaden a week from tomorrow. Uh-huh. Well, the boss gave me an unlimited expense account, so I'm off to Hawaii to follow up this story. What's your first sister's name? Anne. Anne, it is. And I'll see you in eight days. No, I'd like that, Olly, on one condition. What's that? I'll try, but it depends. On what? On what your sisters have to say. My name's Clark, Lieutenant. I was told I could find Airman Jones here. I cabled ahead. Oh, yes, Mr. Clark. Should be off duty in a few moments. Would he wait? Certainly, thank you. Well, how's the nursing business? Fine. You're that writer, aren't you? One that wrote that awful article on the WAF. Well, was it awful? I thought I was telling a pretty straight story. I'm afraid the girls here don't think so. And what do you think? I agree with him, Mr. Clark. He had more misinformation in that article than there is salt in the sea. That's all I seem to have heard since I wrote it. And you've been hearing right. The WAF has done more for more girls and more girls have done more for their country because of the WAF, than you could count. Count? I got lost just listening to that last sentence. Mr. Clark? Oh, right. And you're Airman and Jones? I am, Mr. Clark. Well, I would like to go on record. Millicent didn't get all the looks in your family. Easy, Mr. Clark. Hey, did you say Millicent? You don't mean my sister Millicent, do you? No one else. I saw her just three days ago in Washington. She was leaving for Europe the following day. How is she? How'd she look? Listen to me. You'd think she was still my baby sister instead of a grown woman. Well, she's a grown woman, all right. I'll vouch for that. Tell me, Mr. Clark. Your cable was sort of mysterious. What brought you to see me particularly? Well, it seems I wrote an article for my magazine. And Millicent didn't like it. She wrote to my editor. My editor sent me to see her. She told me how she felt and suggested that you could tell me more in the same vein. So here I am. Are you going to ask me questions? Of you. For example, you're a medical technician. What were you doing just now? I was assisting a doctor with minor surgery. You see, Mr. Clark, the WAF are helping the nurses in every way they can. With the nurse shortage, it's a lifesaver. But answer a question for me, Mr. Clark. Why did Millicent send you thousands of miles to me? Why wouldn't any WAF have done as well? She didn't exactly send me, Anne. She just suggested you. You see, there's one little detail I've overlooked. The moment I saw Millie, I knew she was the girl I was going to marry. I guess I wanted to kill two birds with one stone, give you a chance to look me over and learn about the WAF at the same time. You are listening to the proudly we hail production Three Girls Named Jones. And we will return to act two of our story in just one moment. Today, the men of your Air Force are soaring to new heights as of the blazer trail of air progress across the skies. And now is the time for you to join them. Become an airman with a highly specialized career. As a member of the serial defense team, you'll be entering a whole new world. A world of the future that offers free training in such fascinating careers as guided missiles and photography, radar, and well, gee, a host of others. You'll wear the handsome blue Air Force uniform, a uniform that gains respect and admiration wherever you go. So for a wonderful future with good pay, liberal allowances, and truly one of the world's finest careers, you become an airman in the United States Air Force. Talk it over with the friendly people at your local Air Force recruiting station. You are listening to Proudly We Hail. And now we present the second act of Three Girls Named Jones. There are a few branches of the Air Force where you will not find a member of the WAF. They may work in intelligence, photography, finance, and administration. They may be weather observers, communications specialists, dental laboratory technicians, or control tower operators. There isn't a girl in these United States who cannot find an interesting career in the Air Force if she has the high qualifications required in the WAF. Take Millicent, Anne, and Sarah Jones, the three sisters of our story. One, Millicent is a secretary to a general in the nation's capital. Anne is a medical technician stationed in Hawaii. Sarah is stationed at Y-80, and we spot in Germany, and she's a control tower operator. They're doing the work they like. They're seeing the world. They're doing these things as members of a great team, the United States Air Force. Just listen to Airman Anne Jones as she talks with Allie Clark, the magazine writer, whose uninformed article caused him to fall in love and travel all the way around the world. Medical technicians do a lot of jobs, Allie. We help the nurses care for the patients in the wards, in the operating rooms, in the dispensaries, and outpatient clinics. Well, it seems to me, Anne, that you could have done those things in civilian life. I didn't know how to do these things before I came in the service. Now that I've had training, experience, oh, it's a great feeling. Oh.  Well, you'll have to be prepared for a long story. It starts way back.  I don't think I could take it. No. It starts when Millicent was 13. I told you she was the youngest. There were four of us. Sarah came first, then I arrived. Now, after me, it was my brother Jim, and finally Millicent. When Millicent was 13, Dad died. We lived in a little town called Waterville. Mother was able to support us by doing every conceivable kind of work, you know, sewing, baking, washing, that stuff. Sarah, who was finished with high school, had to give up dreams of college and went to work as a sales girl in the local department store. And she's the one I'm going to be in Europe, right? Right. Anyhow, as soon as I finished high school, I went to work for Dr. Saunders. I wanted to be a registered nurse. But in Waterville, all I could do was sit in Dr. Saunders' office and answer calls and stuff. Millicent was a top-notch secretary, and it was being wasted where she was. Besides, the three of us wanted to go places, see and do things. Waterville was fine, but we knew it wasn't the whole world. So we talked it over and decided to enlist in the Air Force. We've never regretted it.  It's a good kind of family to be. And do you know what? Not long after the three of us left, mother remarried. Manly it all liked.  So in other words, the Jones family is doing all right? The Jones family is doing better than all right. It's doing fine. And you see, Ollie, joining the Air Force wasn't the last fling of three spinsters. It was three girls taking advantage of a wonderful opportunity. What more could we have asked? Homes, husbands, roots, maybe? We have roots, Ollie. And we'll have our homes and husbands, but we'll probably have better homes and husbands than we ever would have had if we'd stayed in Waterville. Okay, I'm being convinced. Oh, uh, incidentally, there was a letter from Millie before you came. Would you like to hear part of it? Now, what do you think? Let's see now. Feeling fine, excited about a European trip. I have you heard about Sally Holcomb going to officer candidate school. Oh, here it is. I met a man named Oliver Clark today. He's a magazine writer. A good one if he'd get his facts straight. He's kind of funny-looking. Well, let's stop right there, Anne. You know, in the way I like. And he's got charm, too. He's just loaded with the stuff. But he's also the most opinionated, stubborn, conceited and irritating man I've ever met. Well, stop. That's enough. Stop. I've got you. Well, what next, prospective brother-in-law? I guess I'll have to de-stubbornize, un-conceit, dis-opinionate and generally reform. That's not all. Seems to me not the most important thing. I know. I have to find out what it is that makes her feel the way she does about the WAF. Uh-huh. I can't lie to her and say I understand if I don't. Think you can do it? I'm going to dig deep, Anne. I'm going to try. Sarah next?  Lots of luck. Thanks. Come to our wedding. I'll not only come to it, I'll dance at it. So long. Why 80? That's a strange name for a place, Sergeant. That goes back to the war. It's a busy field because Headquarters, United States Air Force Europe, is just a few miles away that we spotted.  About the WAF, I mean. Same as Anne and Millie? More so. I didn't think the WAF had bigger boosters than Anne and Millison. It's this way, Ollie. I can tell you this because you may be my brother-in-law. Well, I hope I'm going to be your brother-in-law. Well, I was almost 30 when I joined the WAF, Ollie. Around Waterville, I was already an old maid. That's the way it always is in a small town. In a big city, you'd just be reaching a peak. Not only that, Ollie, but I'm not pretty. You shouldn't say that. You shouldn't even think it.  I'm just stating facts. Back home, I was a kind of plain, nearing middle age, sort of poor woman. I was a sales girl at the local store, and that was as far as I was likely to go. Well, there was a man who wanted to marry me, 15 years older, a widower with three children, and he was a good man. But he wasn't what I wanted. Waterville didn't have what I was looking for. Well, that was the way I felt about my hometown, too. It was nice, the people were nice, but I wanted more. And you know how I felt. But where could I go? What could I do? I had no training. All I could do was sell. I was just a small town girl with big eyes. A small town girl with big eyes. A small town girl with big eyes. A small town girl with big eyes. A small town girl with big ideas. Don't you see what the WAF offered me? Now I do have a future, a place in the sun. Maybe I'll never find a man I want to marry, but not every girl does. I will have something good, though. Something solid as I grow older. You'll find that certain man, Sarah. I know you will. Maybe I will. I'd like to. But the point is that if I don't, I'll still have a good life. The Air Force trained me to do an exciting job. A few months I... I stand a good chance of getting another promotion. I won't slide down as I grow older. I'll go up. I'm glad you told me, Sarah. It helps me understand the WAF. I'm due to go on duty now. Do you want to go to the tower with me? I'd like to very much. General Brisbane and Millison to do any minute. You can watch us bring the plane in. You'd better do a good job. That plane carries a precious cargo. I'm glad you think so, Ollie. But to me they're all precious. You see, their lives depend in some degree on me. Little Sarah Jones from Waterville, USA. Five, zero, four, nine. Over. Air Force, five, zero, four, nine. This is Y-80 Tower. Over. Five, zero, four, nine to Y-80. We're two miles south of Weespot. Request landing instructions. Air Force, five, zero, four, nine. This is Y-80.  Wind north at eight with gusts to fifteen. Report to tower and downwind leg. Over. Roger and Wilco. You've got it, Ollie. That feeling, you know what they mean now. You can tell her you understand and you'll be telling the truth. Start singing the wedding march, Ollie. She's here and you can tell her. You're playing, Ollie. Five, zero, four, nine. Ollie? Where'd he go? Down to the field, I guess, to meet his girl. That sure is a beautiful ribbon. I love twilight like this anyplace. But here with the hills and the castle over there, it's something special. Like you. We don't really know each other, Ollie. How can you be so sure? Millie, I'm thirty-two. I've met a lot of girls. I've never felt like this before. Oh, look, look at that tower rising right out of the middle of the water. Funny, isn't it? Yeah, it's got a name, a mouse tower. Quite a story attached to it. It dates back to the tenth century. But it isn't true. Oh. I have another one, though. Doesn't date back as far, but I'd like to tell it to you. And it is true. I'd like to hear it, then. Well, it seems there was a smart aleck magazine writer. He wrote a story about the waft that wasn't very correct according to a certain fair young lady. She wrote a letter and he went to see her because his editor said the girl would change his mind. Yes, Ollie. So he went, and he met her, and he fell in love. But there was something that stood between them. She couldn't convince them about the waft. But she hoped he would be convinced, didn't she? She said she did. So he went all over the world talking, asking questions, listening. He listened with his heart and as well as his mind. And what did he find out, Ollie? He found out that she had been right. One day he felt it, and he swore he'd write another story and tell the truth as he now knew it. I'm glad. There's only one trouble with the story. It doesn't have an ending. It does now, Ollie. Not only an ending, but a happy one at that. If you're an ex-serviceman experienced in a critical skill needed to keep America's air defense strong, well, then why gully you're in luck? Because the Career Incentive Act opens up a new opportunity to the Air Force and to all veterans of all the armed forces. Yes, indeed, if you possess one of the skills the Air Force needs, well, you may qualify for the United States Air Force and in a gray that will be a real pleasant surprise to you. The Air Force needs men skilled in many, many important fields. So put your service-earned experience to work to your best advantage as a member of the Air Force team. Make the credit you've earned at a comfortable retirement payoff. So for complete details, write or visit your Air Force recruiter. Ask for the special prior servicemen's folder. See what a return to the service as an airman can mean to you. Remember today and tomorrow, you're better off in the United States Air Force. This has been another program on Proudly We Hail, presented transcribed in cooperation with this radio station. Proudly We Hail is produced by the Recruiting Publicity Center for the United States Air Force and this is Dick Herbert speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on Proudly We Hail.


Welcome back to the Trade Hacker Mindset. In this episode, I want to talk to you about learning to trade options and learning to play the guitar. Trading the markets can be difficult to master and seemingly just out of reach. Professional traders have a secret.  It requires the Trade Hacker Mindset. Alright, so let's jump into this topic of learning to trade options and learning to play the guitar. I've been wanting to learn how to play the guitar forever. And finally, a couple months ago, I decided to make the leap. I bought a guitar, I signed up for lessons, I go to lessons once a week, and it's been a real eye-opener to be quite frank. It has been a real eye-opener for me. And here's what I mean. To start with, let me back up a minute and make a couple of points before I jump into that. Number one, so I'm driving around. My youngest son and I are hanging out one day and he is pretty talented musically. He plays the keyboard. He goes to the School of Rock. He plays in concerts and all kinds of stuff. And he's been doing that for a few years and he's gotten really good at playing the keyboard. But before he started playing keyboard, he had tried basketball, he had tried baseball, he had tried soccer, he tried different things and just never really got into it. And I used to think he was kind of lazy, but the reality is he just wasn't passionate about those things and so he didn't want to practice those. He didn't care. But when it comes to playing the keyboard, he's really gotten into it. And so that's the first point.  It goes for, you know, maybe you think this about your kids in school, maybe they get bad grades or they just don't like it.  It's not necessarily because they're lazy. It's because they're not passionate about the system of school that they've been put into, right? So I think it's under, I think it's really important for us to be very self aware about ourselves and what we're passionate about and what we're not. If you're not passionate about something, there's nothing wrong with that.  It just means that you have other things that trip your trigger, that gets you going, that gets your juices flowing, right? And so what I found out is, you know, so I've been, it's been a couple months, I've been going once a week to these lessons. And of course, the lessons are to kind of set a foundation and work with an instructor because literally I came in not knowing what a chord was. I don't even know what chords you play on a guitar. I don't know how to read music. I don't know what all those squiggly note lines on a music book. I had no idea what any of that meant. And so I go in and I take these lessons once a week, but the lessons are just to kind of create some exercises and create some things to get you learning how to play the guitar. To really learn how to play the guitar, you have to what? Practice, right? And so here, so here's the problem.  I would just, I would start getting this like, this like dreaded feeling like, ugh, it's so hard. I like, it's just like, it's just the concept of playing guitar. It's just, it's foreign to me. It's, it's very uncomfortable. It's really outside of my comfort zone. And so what happens is I literally in two months, I've practiced playing the guitar twice, twice. And so every time I go into this list and I show up for my lesson, I show up for my lesson every single week. And, and he asks me every single week. All right. So what did you, what did you practice? What do you, what have you been working on this week? And almost every time, except for those couple of times, I'm like, I didn't, I didn't actually pick up the guitar. I actually didn't do anything. And so we would. So our lesson consists of kind of reviewing what we've already gone over me just practicing some very simple basic chords that, you know, typically a seven year old learning guitar would, would be doing. And, and then I leave the lesson. I'm fired up. I'm like, I'm going to practice for 20 to 30 minutes every single day between now and the next lesson. And guess what happens? Nothing. Absolutely nothing. And so I, I started thinking about this from a perspective of somebody learning to trade options.  But you're not, but you're not actually passionate about learning to trade. What's going to happen is you're going to go to work. You're going to come home. You're going to be tired. I got to, I got to, I got to watch these videos. I got to mess with, with the platform. I got to start learning, learning these strategies. And what I see a lot of times is that that just never ends up happening. Right. I mean, I will see people who, who join and they'll be members for a while, but they'll just never do anything.  I mean, options trading is amazing. It's fun. It's exciting. It's profitable. There's things to me, but it's not that way to everybody, which I mean, I, I understood that, but I'm seeing it through a whole new perspective. Now that I'm going through this whole guitar learning situation. And so I think, I think it's just really important that you need to be honest with yourself. You need to be self aware with yourself about if you're really passionate about this, because here's what I do know is that. If you are passionate about trading, if you are passionate about learning to trade, then you, you can build it into a very profitable career. Okay. But here's what else I know. If you're not passionate about it, and if you just came into it thinking it was a quick way to make some money, what's going to happen is it's going to be a quick way for you to lose money. And, you know, I want to be, I want to be very, very blunt about this because I think people get into trading for the wrong reason.  But you also have to be passionate about this. And, and another example is my older brother, he's, he's never traded and he came to me a while back and wanted to learn how to trade. And so I introduced him to one of our trading strategies, the NTT, because it's a very, it's a very simple thing, right? There's very clear cut rules. If this happens, you do this. If that happens, you do that.  You can simply buy calls or buy puts, right? And so I thought, okay, this is a, this is a good way to start because, you know, he hasn't, he hasn't, he's not really familiar with spreads and that kind of thing. So I thought this will be a good place and easy way to, for him to start. And I remember on one of our, because I was, I was just kind of doing some one-on-one sessions with him once a week. We jump on a zoom call and, and I'd kind of walk him through certain things and kind of progress him through basically the same stuff I teach in the course, in the video courses, but, you know, he's my brother. So I was, I was doing it on a personal basis too. And he would watch the video and he'd write, have a bunch of questions and he'd, and then we'd get on and he'd, he'd ask me all these questions to clarify some things. And, and he was really like into it and he was really like, you know, really anxious to learn, but he's also, you know, he's more of an artistic type, he has more of an artistic type mind. I'm more of a logical, mathematical type mind. I don't, I can't remember, is it left brain, right brain, whatever it is. He's the other, he's the other one than me. But that doesn't, that doesn't mean just because you're artistic or musically inclined or whatever that, that doesn't mean you can't trade. It just means you, you learn a little bit different than other people. So anyway, I'm going through it. I'm teaching things. He's, he's asking questions and I'm, I'm, you know, laying things out in the best possible way that I can.  And not, you know, it's just because he's never even, he's never, it's just new. It's like a foreign language, right? It's just like learning a new language to him. And so, I just, I just, you know, I just kind of thought it was funny and we kept doing things. Next thing you know, I didn't hear from him for a while. I shoot him a text. I'm like, Hey, how's the, how's the NTT stuff going? And he's like, Oh, you know, I got busy with work and I just, I haven't done anything.  He wanted to learn, but it also wasn't something that could, you know, keep as it was such a struggle. So it was such as something that, that couldn't peak his interest, that couldn't keep his interest long enough that it, it eventually kind of just fizzled out and he never really did anything. Now he still might come back. I don't want to act like, you know, because there's a lot of things that I've started to learn and I've got busy and then I've gone back to you and it, it's become something I've, I've really gotten into. So that can happen too. But my, my point is going back to the whole guitar thing, I'm really, I'm really kind of struggling with if it's something that I'm going to do because literally I have guitar lessons tomorrow and I'm stressed out over the fact that I once again have not even picked up the guitar to practice. And so now I'm like, okay, I'm paying for these lessons. I'm stressing myself out because I'm not practicing when I know I should. I put it on my calendar. Like I scheduled to practice, you know, I put it on my calendar specifically so I'd practice. So now it's there on my calendar, looking me in the face and it's like, oh God, what, what can I think of that I have to do so that I don't have to practice the guitar kind of thing and it just keeps happening over and over and over. And so I'm now I'm like really trying to be real with myself and figure out, do I really want to play the guitar? Is it really something I want to do? Or is it just the idea of thinking about sitting around the campfire, strumming the guitar, singing along to my favorite song? Like, is it just the idea of playing guitar that I think is cool or do I really want to put in the effort and what it takes to play the guitar? And so I don't know the answer yet. I'm trying to figure that out. I'm hoping something clicks and here's what I also related back to options trading. Here's what I know is that if you can get through, get over the hump of just that first phase of kind of getting things to make sense and then placing your first trades and seeing, oh, you know what, it's really not rocket science. It's really not that difficult. Oh, wait, I just I actually just made some money. You know, if you can get to that point, then it's going to propel your interest and it's going to propel you to want to dig in deeper and go further and become more of an expert and learn more and do more and eventually it's going to start becoming easier and easier and easier to a point where now it's now it's just fun, right? And so I still have hope when it comes to the guitar that that's where I'm at that I just haven't gotten over that hump to where it's I can actually like I I'm still just trying to learn where to position my fingers to play different chords. I, you know, I haven't even been able to play a little riff or I haven't done any of that. And so I'm hoping that if I just stick with it long enough to get over that little hump to really like start playing a few little tunes and I can start playing them over and over and over and it becomes easy. Then I'm going to be excited to learn the next one and the next one and the next one and keep going and getting better and better and better and and then I will become passionate about it because what I also know is that maybe even if you get into trading just to make money you're not necessarily passionate about the process of trading then you can learn to be passionate about the process of trading. And just like the guitar I hope I get passionate about the process of learning to play the guitar because then I'll want to practice all the time right? And so I don't know I just I thought this was real very eye-opening from perspective of the similarities of learning to do different things and I just wanted to share it with you all because I have a little bit of new perspective on those who who just don't jump into the options trading and the courses and the learning as quickly as I think that they should I kind of get it now I kind of get it on a new level that I didn't get it before let's just say that so this is all to tell you I feel you but what I would tell you and what I'm going to try to do with guitar is take the next step put in the work put in consistent work maybe it's watch the courses like 30 minutes 60 minutes a day and then get to that next level and then keep going to the next level and then I promise you if you can do that it's going to get to a point where it's easy and I'm telling you this for trading options and I'm kind of telling myself this when it comes to playing guitar okay so this is a lesson for you it's a lesson for me I hope that helps I just wanted to share that with you if you're interested in if you haven't started learning to trade options and you're interested in starting that process kind of dipping your toe in the water the best place to start is go to our community you can interact with other like-minded traders just go to community.navigationtrading.com we look forward to seeing you on the inside I am there to help you along the way and be your instructor and yes you have to put in effort yes you have to practice but guess what it's worth it so I hope to see you on the inside see you in the next episode


Hello everybody, my name is Alex Soto, Director of Developer Experience at Red Hat and today I'm going to show you a really nice CLI tool for Kubernetes called Kube Forward. This is the site, you can download it there and let me show you. Here is my cluster, you can do okay and get pods, I'm just here all my pods and of course I can just get all my services. And as you might notice, there is like basically two services, MyBootService and PostgreSQLService which you know are bracket by these pods. So what's happening when I am in the local development and I want to access from my local machine to these pods? Well, you need to start doing KubeCuttle forward or just you know getting IPs and ports and so on and providing. So it's not really easy. But notice that I can do Kube Cuttle, Kube Forward services and default basically I'm just saying I want to forward all the services that are in the default name space. So of course I need to run it as a super user. I use it here and why I need to use it as a super user? The reason is that here, notice that it says that I'm forwarding this DNS host which is the service one to this pod. And why this happens in local machine? Because I can do just ATC host and you'll see that Kube Forward just changed my host file for getting the correct IPs and the correct ports for MyBoot and PostgreSQL. So now I can do call MyBoot 8080 from my local machine and of course I'm getting access to this pod. Then I can just stop it and everything is clean and I can just do here again a cat in host and you can see that there is no more POTS host on my ATC host local file. Hope that you find it useful.