Well good afternoon everyone. We'd like to welcome you to this press conference here at the 2018 annual meeting of the new champions in Tianjin. My name is Amanda Russo, I'm on the public engagement team here at the World Economic Forum and for those of us watching on our webcast thank you very much for joining us. If you'd like to engage in social media both in the room and online the hashtag is AMNC18. So we have a very exciting 30 minutes planned here for those in the room and those online. Thank you very much. We have two gentlemen here from BCG. We have Jeffrey Walters managing director and partner and we have Mr. David Hu, who's also managing director and partner. And the planned press conference here is on decoding digital consumers. So they're going to hopefully tell us a little bit more about what that means. And so to kick off with some key findings I'd like to turn it over to the gentleman on my left here. Jeff over to you. Thank you very much and thank you all for for coming today. Being the annual meeting of the new champions we wanted to talk about emerging market consumers. A few key messages for today and which I'll elaborate. I mean first your online your digital consumers more likely to be in an emerging market today than a developed one. I think it's a premise we all understand. Second their impact on consumer spending is in many cases underestimated by about 2x and we'll explain why today. And we find that many companies are not keeping pace with the differences of these consumers across markets or the rate at which they change. Now given those challenges and those opportunities and we've been helping our clients to capture the spend of digital consumers around the world. We teamed with our global partnership and our center for customer insight which has specialists around the world to do a new survey of 15,000 consumers all the way from Rio de Janeiro to Nairobi to Tianjin. In fact we had sample size here which led to our the report that we're launching today. Digital consumers emerging markets and the four trillion dollar future. So let me share you know I think some of the important findings. I mean first as I alluded to the majority of the world's online population is now in emerging markets and nearly all the growth in new online consumers will through 2022 will come from emerging markets. So if we look at emerging markets now the change in the past eight years has been dramatic right. So now about half of the population is in emerging markets is online versus less than a quarter in 2010. Now the emerging market internet user or digital consumer outnumbers the developed market one by two to one and if we look at growth over the next five years through 2022 emerging markets will add 900 million new consumers digital consumers versus just 80 million more in developed markets.  That their impact on consumption is often underestimated by about two times. Typically what we think of the digital consumer we think about e-commerce and we measure their impact by how much they spend online. Yes it is true e-commerce spend has grown about 4x in emerging markets since 2012 and it will double again by 2022. To give you a sense that's about 800 billion dollars today about 1.7 trillion dollars in 2022 but if we look more broadly and say how much spend in emerging markets is digitally influenced and digitally influenced refers to purchases that consumers make where they may not actually make the final purchase online but what they choose to buy or how they choose to buy it was influenced by their online behavior. That's the portion of consumer spend that's often underestimated it's about a two times larger amount of spend than the e-commerce spend specifically and it certainly has grown as well to it has grown about 3x since 2012 and it will more than double again by 2022. So it will reach about 4 trillion dollars of consumer spend in emerging markets by 2022. Now many companies you know many organizations see those large numbers and they say okay yes exciting but you know those digital consumers are spread across a very heterogeneous set of markets with some very different circumstances very different levels of development. What we've tried to do is simplify the world into really three stages of digital development. Stage one right is what we call digitally aware these are countries like the Philippines, Morocco, Nigeria, Kenya right here in these places about only about 13 percent of your urban consumer shops online and if you look at why the consumer shops online they're really looking for low prices. So fundamentally the first reason is I want a low price I want a good discount that's the that's the hook that gets the consumer to buy online for the first time there. If you look at you know how consumers pay for what they buy online about three-fifths of the purchases are paid for by cash on delivery in this first stage right. So overall in this first stage these digitally aware markets right e-commerce represents about one percent of total retail sales and digital influence represents about five percent of total retail sales so the influence is five times larger than the e-commerce sales yet it is still a relatively small single digit number. As we move to the second phase we have three major markets that sit inside what we call the digitally advancing countries right these are Indonesia, India and Brazil. So here if we look at the simple metrics in these markets e-commerce represents around four percent of total retail spend and digital influence represents about 20 percent right so again we have that five x relationship right it's about five times larger in digital influence than in e-commerce. Once markets reach this stage we find typically about 50 percent of urban consumers are shopping online and then last and certainly not least we have what we call the digitally evolved markets and I think it's exciting to be launching this report here in China because as we look at our metrics of e-commerce as a percent of retail sales and digital influence China is the largest in the world as many of you know right so but overall the the markets that are here are many developed markets and we China is really the first large emerging market to have moved into this digitally evolved stage here e-commerce on average represents around 15 percent of total retail sales and digital influence represents about 40 percent of total retail sales. Now China is literally off the charts when it comes to these types of metrics about 90 percent of urban consumers in China are online shoppers and I think most interestingly when you talk to a consumer in China when you talk to a consumer in the UK when you talk to a consumer in Korea you know markets that are inside this digitally evolved stage price is a reason consumer shop online price is not the dominant reason consumer shop online so what becomes equally important is convenience variety and shopping experience which I think when you see the the types of rich video content that now accompanies the e-commerce experience in China you you get a sense of what the consumer in a market at this phase is looking for now the speed through which countries move through these phases is not equal some countries move faster through the phases some countries move more slowly through these phases we've done a large statistical analysis across all these markets to really identify what are the key conditions or what are the key ingredients you know what is the cocktail that one makes in a market to really accelerate digital influence and and and then eventually e-commerce so these ingredients really fall into four types the first I call access so it's about smartphone penetration right and the cost of data plans right so can I access the internet on a mobile device and is it am I not worried about the cost of my data right second is the means do is there an adequate group of consumers in these markets that have the sufficient spending power to be shopping online so simply this can be measured by the size of the middle class across the markets the economic relative economics of of e-commerce versus offline retail we've also find quite important in explaining the growth and the size of e-commerce in these different markets so specifically we look at the relative costs of physical retail versus offline rate of versus online retail right so or is commercial real estate expensive or not right relative to what it costs to delivery and because delivery costs matter in e-commerce so significantly we also look at the the cost of shipping parcels right and small pulse parcel shipments in the market and then last but not least the fourth set of elements that matter right is really related to innovation and so we look at indexes of startup innovation and we also look at the level of startup funding in these markets that would be venture capital private equity angel and all the different types why is this important is because you know as well we've learned in china with the internet giants here you have to overcome the barriers consumers have for for shopping online you have to overcome the barriers that they have for moving their discovery process from offline to online and really it's innovation in product offering and consumer experience enabled by the right technology which makes that happen so you have to have the players in the market who are able and willing and funded to do so so you know I think for many of us sitting here in what what is now the most advanced digital market it may not be surprising that if we look across the whole span of emerging markets right we find some quite significant variation right and their levels of development in our point of view you know we find that there is a set of important calls to action for companies global companies and companies in these markets and we find an important call to action for policy makers as well too first we find few companies are responding to the differences in the emerging versus the developed market consumer digital consumer effectively right second we find few companies are adapting their approach to these markets as fast as the digital consumer in those markets is evolving and last we find that few companies have built the customized playbooks that are taken to account you know what these this simplified view of the world which helps one manage a very heterogeneous set of emerging markets more more directly and efficiently so a couple examples right I mean throughout the emerging markets so what's an example of the differences that consumers need to under that companies need to understand about the digital consumer and emerging markets well it's not surprising for us in China marketplaces are the top place to shop right marketplaces meaning it's a it's a you know a collection of third party sellers like you see with Aldi Baba's platforms in China represent about 79 percent of e-commerce in China and what's interesting is as if you look across many of the emerging markets and almost all the emerging markets across our study we find that marketplaces are in fact the dominant e-commerce channel second is that social media is very much a primary source of information relative and much more greater extent relative to say brands official websites are relative to search engines and other types of vehicles that have already been common and established in developed markets the second example speed right I alluded that countries and markets are moving quickly through these levels of development just to give you a sense we reran our analysis looking backwards five years right India Indonesia were one step in the in the first first group of markets and China was not leading by these metrics at the time China was actually in the middle bucket right so the pace of change to go from a just if we take China as an example going from digitally advancing to digitally evolved in in just five years is faster than many companies are finding that they're able to move and adopt their approaches markets so you know last but not least we say there is a really a new digital imperative right for the successful business model for companies that are in these emerging markets or wanting to serve the digital consumers across these emerging markets right first is that now we have such significant digital influence it means consumers are there talking about brands talking about products learning about products online this is also a learning opportunity for companies so the age of the traditional focus group where I go out and you know over a period of weeks talk to some consumers and I come back and I think about well what's the consumer really thinking that's the old way of doing things the new way of doing things is the online connection to my consumers how am I testing rapidly new ideas and products with them the second you know important imperative is really building socially activated brands right media is expensive everywhere in the world right the in some ways the best endorsement a consumer brand can find is when a consumer shares their experience with that brand or that product with their friends on social media and as I explained earlier we find this is one of the most powerful sources of information right in the digitally aware and the digitally advancing markets so few companies today have fully tackled and captured you know all the opportunities to build social social media campaigns and social media effective approaches for their brands right and you know last we find you know there is obviously implications for how consumers experience brands and products both offline and online and what is so critical and so rarely executed well is a seamless experience online and offline we talk about some companies right in like lens cart in India for example which is primarily an online glasses prescription eyeglasses company right but at the same time provides both online and offline experiences where you can test you know try things online see them in the store and the company always knows you always knows how to contact you and reach you as a consumer so you can understand you might say why would you know online be so important for a glasses company in India when e-commerce penetration isn't that high yet well that's why the digital influence is so important because it's actually digital influence that matters so with that those are the the the main findings of our of our new initiative and report and I can turn over to David not to share some more of our our findings as they relate to China great thank you everybody got all that a lot of we have time for questions we will have time for some questions um David please tell us about the the impacts and the the repercussions on on China and and worldwide so Jeff just talked about our comparison for the developed countries everyone I've heard about it must be very proud of what China is doing that it's leading the world all the numbers either it's about the digitalization or the total number of our consumers or e-commerce scale all these we should be proud of as Chinese of course in the last two years almost every month we have to take the developed countries customers to come to the china internet companies to learn and they look at the adipay and all these payment models and they bring it back to their countries they're very surprised at what China is doing and they're happy to bring these experiences back to their home country China is really leading and the top the 10 technology companies China and the US account for half both and what we need to think about the reasons they're about eight reasons and indeed there are eight factors that made this generation of Chinese confused humans coming up emerging and made China become the pioneer of the world well I would like to specify specifically talk about four factors the first it's thanks to the huge market with more than one billion people that is why once once you invest in digital science digital economy the cost is reducing and the investment return return of investment comes back more and more whereas for a smaller market it's difficult and the second factor is that in traditional industries there were some areas that were really left behind e-commerce doesn't work as well as in china in the US and in japan why because china had never experienced a sort of 7-eleven or family mart this kind of convenience store in a developed country this has never happened that's why china went directly into this e-commerce digital economy the second the third point is the our high level of design of manufacturing with a very low cost and a fourth factor is the surveillance system and the government have been for the low over the past four years quite mild in canton upon the uber problem in america uber said the surveillance administration system is still top two maybe california is top one on the tolerance of government over private businesses so china is number two according to uber that's my four factors so we talk about tensant alibaba those startups and big big groups and next step i think it's about digital transformation of traditional industries chinese consumers are so used to using digital economies such as taobao or alibaba if you want or baidu they search for everything and they use extensively we chat for everything so the behavior is already there all we need to do is to transform the traditional logistic financial ways of doing business how to adapt ourselves into this very high level of economic and sorry digital experience so it's like there's a gap between the very high level of the chinese consumers on the digital concept and the very low level of traditional industries so what do we do i propose three things to create recreate a consumer experience be it the banks the logistics manufacturing you have to catch up with the high experience the second to the second point is about the huge amount of data that we have other countries don't this reduces the cost of risk management sorry this will make risk management very challenging and number three is to be very responsive to new things and to break all the barriers among those factors among those sectors if you can do these three factors your company will be the winner in the next battlefield because consumers are all trained to embrace the new economy and we need to work really much very much on supply on those traditional sectors and of course you can't be complacent that's well my feedback after hearing back jeff i'd like to open it up to questions now yes we have a question right okay i have a question so i heard that china is a pioneer in digital economy and in the next few years do you think this gap will be reduced or much bigger between china and the rest of the world yeah because david please okay um so i'll start um i think the advantage will be even bigger and the reason i say that is because let's talk about the um strategy i mean when you have one person 10 people 20 people then you have a multiplying effect you have one point three billion people imagine that then it will have a rippling effect and starts from of course retail and the media and then finance all that are working together and that's why you can feel that um there is a multiplication effect when you create or design um digital products so i think in the next few years china will even be more uh much quicker accelerating the second factor the reason is that 1.3 billion of people plus the um production capacity and the inclusion and tolerance of authorities these are huge advantages whereas you see in the EU you have syndicates that have to approve if there is a law to be proposed so syndicates have to agree with the bills and it may take years before anything be done whereas in china you can get many things done in many years so several years so these advantages factors are not present in all other markets that's why i think the gap will even be bigger um one thing we are lack of is the AI technology or a platform or an algorithm or sim card but these are not very um mortal problems we can catch up i thank you i'm from china economic daily to mr her david um what do you think about international e-commerce have you done much uh any research i mean chinese consumers using international or foreign e-commerce and why especially on the protection of consumer rights using what we often consider cross-border e-commerce is growing very rapidly right i think this is an indication of the maturity and the i would say the the cosmopolitan nature of the chinese consumer today you know she can see television from any country in the world right she travels abroad right she goes to hong kong first and then she goes to europe right so really she wants to find the world's worth of products right the world hasn't brought all their products to china as fast as the consumers in china want the world's worth of products on this underlies you know a lot of the drive towards cross-border e-commerce and then second you know as we know in some categories there are certain countries that are perceived to have advantages in those categories dairy you know from australia new zealand right certain food products you know from from other parts of the world and so your consumer is very savvy today right here she wants to say if i'm going to buy right that that milk if i'm going to buy that lobster i want to come straight from the country where it came from and the most effective and efficient way for them to do that today is often cross-border e-commerce we'll take another question this gentleman here in the front your presentations i feel very excited i feel very excited about the next few years so i have two questions for you the first is what do we call it is it um internet economy i didn't catch but what i mean is what kind of impact over the the traditional economy because you know as you mentioned the china has a huge population this impact may affect job market as jack mar will make many small retail stores disappear these are jobs that are lost the second question is that um most people especially young people use alibaba to shop online then in the e-commerce there are fake products then isn't that a bad thing for our line service i think the retail world is going to change offline retail is not going away if i'm thirsty all right i want to walk into a store across the street and in five minutes get a bottle of water or something to drink at least in the foreseeable future e-commerce is not going to substitute that purchase we can get 30 minute delivery in china we can't get one minute delivery in china so to be fair e-commerce retailers transforming very large stores are challenged some small stores and small formats are actually doing quite well and retailers have to fundamentally rethink one of the reasons that i convince a consumer to walk into my store so it's going to change but it's not going to disappear we will still have stores in the future they'll look different but we'll still have stores um you know the issue of of trusting the product i buy online has been something which was originally if i go back you know 10 years ago one of the things that you could say limited e-commerce growth in china um but if you think about it today right if uh i'm going to buy a product online i have many reviewers of that seller right i have many reviewers of that product i have so much data and information that helps me build confidence that says i think if i buy this from there i'm going to trust that it's a it's a true one based on the thousands of reviews that are there if i take my analogy and i walk into my corner store unless it's the corner store i go to every day i don't know where that product came from right so that the issue of of product quality the issue of of what it is you know is it really what it says it is it exists offline markets and in some ways leading companies have found ways to build that trust even better online that is even possible to do offline would you like it to add anything yes i would like to um speak about the job market we did a research at the beginning of 2018 on AI it's it's impact on the job market and our conclusion is that there is there will be a reduction of 25 percent of manpower and the reason is hence those jobs that cannot be replaced by AI sophisticated jobs and the second is about human feelings but simple repetitive jobs will be and can be replaced so that's why the need will be shrink will be shrinking but it won't disappear so the second type of job for example with human feelings sentiments won't disappear but those jobs that are concerned with simple repetitive technological things yes they might disappear but um it makes an imbalance which is not a bad thing because people might have a better income and a better live quality quality of life and second thing is that the structure of our society will be transformed people who work for those simplistic simple repetitive jobs they don't necessarily feel good we should release their energy their quality by training to um to make them feel happier so this question in the in the white yes thank you good morning good afternoon i'm from china news agency so i've got two questions for david the first question is about the supply reform we have met some challenges some difficulties what's your point of view on this and the second is the blockchain is a hit word what do you think about it and its impact on finance once on the supply side reform how what's what's it will become we studied four countries market one it's uh us under reagan and germany in 1993 and argentina two times the failures on the supply side the reform and on the japan and the failures as well and number one it's uh aiming at the developing the one we tried to reform on the supply side it's not about reduce about the all the consuming side so it's about to make sure we're aiming at growth it's not about reducing the the overstocking and overproduction only and the there's several one it's about giving more power to the market number two reducing the taxes and to have the incentives for the people to work and the companies to invest and the number three try to curb the inflation and try to number four it's about human capital reeducation and number five it's about the breaking the financial barriers and to have a more transparent uh market and either come countries succeeded or it failed the all about these five of them and the reagan's reform on the fourth year it started to show effects at the end if you look at these major principles if a china supply side the reform in the past years has made big advancements but we've seen problems one there should be a balance between short term and the long term the short term uh stimulation of economy and the long term development the number one are we able to control the hands of the government once there is uh challenges and the government has to invest or should it be the private sector should who is more effecting number two should we control the total uh volume of the currencies is issuing to the market number three do we have these uh consistencies in terms of strategy either we're stepping on the gas or the brakes too hard it should be a three to five years long term uh strategy do we have this consistency and the number four there are many places that we have not started like the cutting the taxes and the burdens and the us and the trump since they're doing so well in this time it has a lot to do with the tax cutting and increasing the human capital's uh capability for job reassignments reeducation etc now we have done not done all of our things and we have the strategy we have to set the ground and the set the stage and we have a long way to go we need some more time the road is correct we need to do it and we need to have a rate balancing this is the right approach right route to take but all these short term problems we need to try to solve them and the blockchains it's about the talk about the chain the chain what is the background of this technology this technology itself it's because of the huge reduction of the storage cost if we look at the past uh internet technology because of the communication costs hugely reduced and then you do things through TCP IP and because of this reason same token I can save the data in 5000 nodes in long chain transaction and multiple authentication and all these reasons you will not need to use blockchains you can just use centralized computing to solve the problems it you only have to find the right scenario to take advantage of blockchains like of the security so clearing and clearing houses and the very complex transactions and the long chains for example spotlight chain finances international trades and once you found the right scenario and then there you will find the right application for the blockchains and the blockchain itself is very mature but it will take three to five years to get it to become adopted we'll see what happens I'd like to conclude this press conference by asking each of the gentlemen here to end on a sound bite yeah Jeff what would your sound bite be yes well thank you to the forum and thank you for the attendees right I would say first don't forget the emerging market digital consumer don't underestimate their spend four trillion dollars David okay four trillion dollars well join me in thanking these two speakers thank you Jeff thank you David and thank you for everyone for joining that concludes this press conference


Hi, I'm Nix Mendy, the Archival Processing Associate with Tulane University Special Collections, which is a division of Tulane University Libraries, and I'm thrilled to share the newly-opened Anne Rice Collection with you. The Anne Rice Collection documents the professional development of three related authors, Anne Rice, the novelist, her husband Stan Rice, the poet, painter, and former professor, and her sister Alice Borschart, the novelist. These archival materials contain hundreds of hand-written and typed script drafts of their novels and poetry, alongside professional correspondence with their publishers. But there are also early and unfinished works, hundreds of drawings, paintings, and collages, dozens of adaptations, drafting notes and diary entries, audio recordings of interviews and public readings, personal correspondence and records, and records of businesses that respond from their creative endeavors. Rice's collection highlights the symbiotic and fruitful creative relationships with her family, where ideas were sustained, nurtured, and brought to life in a variety of mediums. This creative environment laid the groundwork for one of Rice's most enduring relationships, that is, her engagement with her international fan base, letters and several attached pieces of artwork, photography, recorded music, personal items, graduate theses, and even hair flew into Rice's mailbox. At least five assistants were charged with sorting, assessing, and answering these 20 boxes worth of correspondence, which extend from the 1980s through the early 2000s. Fans often requested membership into the Vampire Lestat Band Club, casting contacts in her movies and physical copies of her newsletter, Commotion Strange. There are inquiries about the trajectory of her novels, the prospects of seeing her characters on screen, and future creative plans fueled the newsletter's publication for years. In the mid-1990s, she switched to answering questions on her website and threw a pre-recorded phone line, with a handful of the original tapes retained in the collection. But the physical letters continued to pour in from around the globe, which is a testament to the eternal dedication of her audience. If you'd like to learn more about the collection, you can visit the Digital Finding Aid or email specialcollections at specialcollections at tulane.edu. Thank you.


Hello everyone. Welcome to the open source summit. This is Aditya Kanekar. I'll be talking about implementing observability in microservices running on Kubernetes. About me, I'm a cloud architect at CTSS and I'm part of the cloud practice team there. I'm also a certified Kubernetes application developer. I've also done certifications for Azure IoT developer. In my 15 years of experience rate, I have worked on different domains which include healthcare, digital marketing and IoT. I have done a lot of work on Kubernetes and distributed messaging platforms like Kafka and Flink. I'm an automobile enthusiast and my favorite show is Brand 2. So that's a short introduction about me. So without any further delay, let's start with today's talk. So this is today's talk agenda. We'll look at what is observability. So we'll do a overview on observability, the role of observability in microservices, tools for implementing observability, libraries, distributed testing systems, and we'll be specifically focusing on new feed on the cloud, that is open telemetry. And we'll have a followed by a demo for using open telemetry with Azure. So without any further delay, let's jump in. So everybody knows, most of you might be aware of this term observability. We'll just touch base on some of the aspects of observability, what is observability, and then we'll move forward. So observability is the ability to measure the system's current state on the data it generates such as logs, metrics, and traces. It relies on the telemetry derived from instrumentation that comes from end-to-end points and services in your computing environment. So when you host your application, it consists of different components. So the components will be your hardware, your hosting on a cloud infrastructure, it will be your cloud infrastructure, then there will be services, different cloud services, or any other third-party services, or maybe and your application. So every component generates a core of each activity that happens. So this data is the goal of the observability is to understand what's happening across all these environments and among the technologies. So you can detect and resolve issues to keep your systems efficient and reliable. So that's a high-level overview of observability and let's move forward. So I'm going to use an analogy here. So we'll see what is the need of observability, why do we need observability? So the analogy here and using it, we all must have seen the R-instrument cluster. The R-instrument cluster is the monitoring dashboard for your car. It gives you all sorts of information, maybe your oil level indication for your parking brake, your fuel level in your car, speed, engine RPM, etc. So this helps you in understanding your car's health as well as the speed you are going when you are driving your car. Now let's say your car's instrument looks something like this. Now you sit in the car and you see and you don't have any visibility into the car in the car system, whether your car is running fine, what are the stats of your engine or different components? You don't have any visibility, even you don't know how much fuel is left in your car. Now you start driving the car and you don't know what speed you are doing. So let's map it to your application. Now if you apply this analogy to your application, at any point of time, you should be able to understand what's happening with your application. And when we have micro-services, the entire thing becomes more complicated. You have service dependencies, then you have database dependencies or maybe your cloud service dependencies. So then tracking the issues, it's something, tracking the issues becomes very difficult. And you also need to know what is the health of your application at any given point of time, whether it is meeting the given SLA, whether it is meeting the KPIs which are defined by your client. If you don't have that visibility, it becomes very difficult to maintain such application and it becomes painful for the operations team. And normally we have different environments. You have their environment. You might have a QA or a QA environment, maybe a sandbox environment or a pre-prod environment or an end product environment. So maintaining all this environment becomes very difficult. And the other aspect of this is you don't know how much force you are incurring because if you don't know how much, if you don't have the observability today. So let's look at the role of observability in micro-services. So micro-services are dependent on database, cloud resources and other micro-services. So micro-services, when you develop micro-services, unlike, you know, singleton applications, singleton ET attitude, which we developed, micro-services are developed by different teams. And in a complex distributed system, it becomes very difficult to identify the source of an issue. Why so? Micro-services, one micro-service can depend on several different micro-services. Now, I will tell you a real scenario. So we were working on a platform. And in that platform, we had different micro-services. So and every micro-service was and our micro-service was dependent on three or four other micro-services. So ours was a cloud, ours was an IoT platform. And we were part of the data model, the data pipeline model, which we used to, which was the entry point of our application. So it's a typical IoT scenario. In yesterday, and then you, then you read the data for monitoring your IoT devices. Now, what used to happen is we, if something, since our micro-service was entry point, let's say, reading the telemetry data, which was received from this, from the IoT devices for the dashboarding purpose, so that you can understand the health of your IoT applications. The response time for that was very, very short because it was, it was meant to be monitoring dashboard. And response time was less than, response time was less than around 10 seconds. That is, that is also higher, higher from standard, but that was the max, which was, which was allowed. But we had a case where, where, where our API gateway used to time out. So here you, so the API gateway normally has a time out of around 30 seconds. And so that means our service request used to take more than 30 seconds. Now, when we started debugging the issue, we're not sure whether the issue is in our service or the dependent services. Our service was dependent on several other services to query the data. Now, in this case, we're not sure whether our service is at fault or other services. So the latency was unknown. So when we started, so then we, then we started debugging the issue. It was not very evident which, you know, API, which, which API or database call, what, what is taking time. It spent like hours and days to understand the issue. And then we relied on logs to find out which service was taking time. But this activity itself took too much of time. It was, if, if we have implemented observability, it would have matter of, you know, max, max, max 15 to 30 minutes, 30 minutes to understand the issue. So observability gives you the visibility in your system, so that you can detect the, detect and identify the source of the issue. Now, this is, this term is called MTTD. So there is a term called MTTD and MTTI. What is MTTD? So MTTD is the mean time or average time to detect an issue and MTTI is mean time to identify an issue. Now, this is a very time expensive operation. As I told you, one or two days when you are in production is very, is too much. And if it hampers your spend deliverables also, because your team is spending time, spending time debugging an issue, it used to, it used to take a lot of time. And at the end of it, we used to understand that the dependent, dependent services were taking time or there, and there were cases where there were also used to be cases like there can be cases and most of you might have said there might be a configuration issue, which has gone wrong. And you did all, all, all the debugging and at the end of it, you found out that there was an issue with the, with the, with the configuration. So this thing happened. So I did define, so this is, but this is a time expensive operation. So observability helps you in reducing this MPTD and MPTAC, mean time to detect and mean time to identify. So this, this leads to effective investigation and it minimizes obviously the downtime and other disruption to the end users. The other aspect of observability is in, in microservices, you have different applications running, running, running, running as a service and then part, right? And now when you have like 10, 20 microservices, how do you know what is what should be a Nord cluster site? This, this becomes very difficult to identify. So what, what, what normally we should do is, right? This is the practice we follow. We, we, for, for the single instance of your application, that is the port, one port, right? That is the single, that is the smallest unit of execution in Kubernetes. A single, a single instance of port, how many requests per second it can deliver under and when, and what is the threshold where it can deliver in the right, and your KPIs and ATLAs are free, right? For example, I want my API response to be, to be under, under one second, right? And I, my, my application should serve around 1000 requests per second and the memory consumption for the product, let's say to, to be the point to CPU or 4.2 of CPU time. Now, how do we arrive at this number, right? So for that, we need to do a performance range marking for that, for a single instance of that application. Then we'll know. So then, then we can know the threshold of the threshold of, of your application, right? How much memory your application use, how much, how much CPU time it uses on how much, you know, how many requests per second it can handle when, when it can deliver the right accepted response times. So all these numbers, observability can help you get all these numbers, right?  So for example, now my, I want my, my application serves, let's say 1000 requests per second with 266 can be a pram and 0.2 CPU time. Now, that is a secret. Now, let's say I want my, my client say we want to scale the users to 10,000 per, per second, that many requests your application should be able to, the application should be able to handle. Now it is very, now since I benchmarked my application, I know that my application can sell 1000 requests per second. So what I can do is I can, I can spin up around 10 or 12 instances, right? I can over-provision a bit, but for over-provisioning also you need some numbers, right? So I can spin around 10,000, if I spin around 10 rupees as of my application, I can easily manage 10,000 requests per second, but I can obviously over-provision. And then accordingly, I can size my cluster, right? So I hope this, this gives you enough insight of what is the, the role of availability in microservice. Now, let's look at a sample microservice deployment. So this is a very simple microservice deployment. If you add service mission and all, then, then it will become more complicated. However, this is, this is normally how, how, how it looks like, right? So you might have a API gateway where you host your endpoint, then you will, then your application, then in, in your Kubernetes cluster, you will have an increased controller, which will, which will talk to your API gateway. And then you will have services, the services will, in terms will, will talk to your port, right? The port, the port is, is, is your application, right? And you can have multiple duplicates as your port. And now the service can, so the different services will have different database. And here in this example, the service A is using cloud SQL and service B is using cloud big tables, right? There can be dependency between service A and service B. Now if you, and now if you multiply this number, right, you have more, we'll have, you will have more and more microservices and there can be dependencies between the microservice. So this is, this is a sample microservice deployment to give you a fair idea of how the complexity can increase, right? So this is a very simple deployment diagram, but it can be more complicated than that. Let's look at the three pillars of functionality. So first pillar I'm going to talk about is tracing. Tracing is basically a span that represents the execution of port. It provides you end-to-end flow of an execution path for a So what do I mean by that? So let's say I have a, I, let's say I have a API called a API called product service and then I have a authentication service. Now authentication service is shared by all different, different services to authenticate, to validate or authenticate and authorize the user. Now when I receive a, let's say my product service has a API called add to shopping cart, right? And my API, my, my, my, my particular service, product service uses a database, right? So which stores this item into the shopping cart. Now the first thing which, which first thing that the API would do is it will authenticate the, so let's say now as a user somebody's adding item to a shopping cart on, on, on, in the product service. Now let's say while adding the shop, item to shopping cart, he, he gets an error. Let's say find it, right? Or maybe a bad request. Now this is happening in production now. Everybody's clueless while now this issue comes to, comes to the operation team. They, they forward the issue. They are not able to debug the issue today. They forward it to the development team. Now you're not sure why this issue is coming because there is, there is no observation, right? Now your service is dependent on authentication service and it also depends on your database and there can be bugs in your code. Now how do I identify the source of the issue? So this is where tracing comes in. Tracing helps you in identifying the source of your issue, right? So if, if I implemented tracing, right, I can identify for, let's say the active shopping cart, when I, when I called authentication service, maybe the, and I get a error code from authentication service that it fits. So then I can understand, okay, the problem is in authentication service and in, in not my service so that I can forward the request to the appropriate team. So this is, this is what tracing is all about. Now let's look at the second pillar. The second pillar is, is logging. Now every, I don't have to tell you what is logging and more and everybody here must be aware of what is logging. So, but we'll still touch base on this. So logging, why do we need logging space? So let's say in production environment where you don't have a developer level of access, you need logging to identify the cause of the issue. So let's say something failed, in the last example, something failed. Now for with tracing, you can identify that something failed in the authentication service. Now, how do I know what is failed in the authentication service? So authentication service might be using its own database, it might be calling some other services, there can be different dependencies like that. Now how do, how do I identify that? So obviously tracing can also help you that, but if you want to go into more details of what's been, the logging can help you. Obviously the logs should be meaningful. So I normally tell, so I normally have, if I talk about it, right, I think this is a responsibility, this is a shared responsibility of the developer's team and the operations team. So developer's team, the responsibility of the developer's team is to log meaningful information and tag the information, tag the log correctly, that is the log level, should be tagged correctly. So this helps you, once the developer does this, the responsibility of the operations team is to only ingest the logs which have critical in nature, at least in products. You don't need all the logs, let's say you have 10, 20 microservices and then logs from each of the systems will be, will be like, will, will can run into one or two GB per day, right, depending on how much log your application generates. Now that's the huge cost to, to iCommerce. So if you, if most of you might, might be aware, might be aware or might not be aware that the cost for logging is not in storage, the cost is in the ingation, right. The amount of data if your application generates, right, if your application is generating around one or two GB of logs per day, then something like cloud, cloud watch can charge you around 0.5 GB per ingestion, per GB, right. So that's a huge cost if you, if you keep on multiplying and you'll have a big bill at the end of the month, right. So this is, this is a dual advantage when you, so there is a dual advantage when you filter out the logs. One is the developers have less log to play with. Obviously you can apply filters and all, but it is better to have, you know, meaningful information log, which can help you debug, you can use that budget to save from logging somewhere else, right. So, so this helps you, first thing you will have less log to play with, and then it can also benefit you from, from, you know, for first perspective. Now let's look at the third pillar. So the third pillar I'm going to talk about is metrics. Metrics is basically a numerical representation of data measured over time. So some of the metrics might, most of us might be aware of like CPU consumption from last five minutes. From API perspective, how average number of requests my application received in last hour, HTTP shaders, code received in, in last five minutes, right. So this can be, so these are some of the metrics, right, which can help you in, which can give you more visibility in your application by implementing observability. Now let's look at different tools which are available for implementing observability. So we have, so most of these tools are opponents libraries. So we have different instrumentation library, open senses, screen slew, open tracing. Now open senses and open testing are merged into one, one library and that is called open telemetry. So this is the, this is the latest library and most of, and it is getting a lot of, and it is getting a lot of, you know, it's a birth word right now. And most, most of the open source community, whether it is open source community or cloud platforms or, you know, even the third party providers like Sumo logic, then New Relate, Dynatry, they all support open telemetry, right. So open telemetry is, so open telemetry, so we'll, we'll talk briefly about open telemetry and we will cover that in today's demo also and we'll also cover the implementation part of how do you implement open telemetry for your application. Now let's look at the distributed tracing system. So what is the difference between tracing library and tracing system is you have, you use tracing libraries to export the telemetries which is required to implement observability and distributed tracing system helps you in, you know, storage, in, in, in storing the spaces and metrics and then there is a part where you can visualize and analyze the analysis. So some of the, so some of the open source, you know, tools available for this is the Agar and Triton. From cloud platform, it is Azure application inside that you have AW63 and Google Stackdriver. And from third party perspective, you have Superlogic, DataDoc, Honeycomb, Dinatrace, New Relic and many more, right. So these are the different distributed tracing systems providers. They also have, they are much more than that, right. Superlogic and DataDoc, DataDoc, the third party providers, they provide much more than this but this is, but this is one part, this is, this is, this is also a part of their office. Now, let's look at the open, now the, the focus for today's discussion is open telemetry, right. So I'll be talking briefly about it. So let's look at some of the features of open telemetry. Basically a set of APIs and SDK, which is used for, for, by implementing this, you can implement the traces, metrics and logs. It basically has this vendor agnostic, vendor, so it follows open standard semantic convention to ensure vendor, vendor agnostic data collection. So that's why different vendors are able to, you know, they will do whoever, whoever, you know, is, is complying with open standard and can, can use open telemetry as one of the, as one of the collector, right, for, for, for collecting the traces, logs and metrics. It also supports auto instrumentation with options for manual instrumentation. So the, the auto instrumentation, right. So once, so there are two ways of implementing open testing. One is you implement, you implement using, using the auto instrumentation. How, how does, so, how is that? So what you have to do in auto instrumentation and we will cover that in the, in the next page. You, you need to add, reference your application and then reference to open telemetry to your application and your application will be able to send the required traces, metrics, et cetera. And you can also, if there are any, you know, cases where you want to manually have instrumentation, if you want to manually, you know, phrase specific scenario, right, you can also do it through manual instrumentation. So auto instrumentation, you don't need much of a code change. It might be, you, you, in some languages, there can be code change, a little bit of code change by adding references, et cetera. In something like Java, it is very simple. You don't need to modify your code. You just add a Java agent over, you download the open telemetry jar in your container, and then just run it as a Java agent that will, that will, that will send, that will, you know, collect the required, the required telemetry, which is required for implementing open telemetry. Open telemetry also supports multiple destinations in parallel through contributing. So let's say, for example, I want to send data to Yager, and I also want to send data to Data, right? That is also possible, right? I can, I can send data to both these destinations in parallel. And it's basically a single collector binary that can be deployed in variety of rates, including as an agent or a gateway. So we'll, we'll come to this once we go to the implementation part. Now let's look at the language support for open telemetry. So open telemetry supports dot net Java, majority of the languages, right, which, which are popular languages. So Java dot net for Ruby. It also supports PHP, C plus plus, and, uh, then, uh, lang, Python, go, and you also, it's also supports it. And the other part is it also supports, uh, uh, in the client side application. So it supports JavaScript. So if your application is using JavaScript, uh, you can, you can, you can also, you know, implement observability by in, in your JavaScript application as well. But if you add open telemetry, it reference to your, uh, application. Now let's look at the, let's look at the implementation site for open telemetry. So there are two patterns which I'm going to cover here. One is the sidecar pattern and another is the service or gateway pattern. So open telemetry, so, uh, here is the example of the sidecar pattern.  Now this container, uh, now, now in this container, right, uh, is, is, uh, is, uh, in this container, you need to add the open telemetry reference. Now, if you, if you talk about dot net for, or dot net for, or if you're talking about let's say Java, you just need to download the jar, attach it as a, and, and yourself. So the implementation differ for, for different languages. However, the, uh, the concept remains the same. So you basically add reference to the, to the container, uh, to, to your application and then you export the traces, right? Now, uh, since application, right, the, the difference between the container and port is you can have only one image running inside a container. However, in Kubernetes port, you can run more than one container, right? So this takes the, so here we'll take advantage of that. And this is called tied carpacker, right? So your, your application is running, your main application is running. And then you have a side by side. You have a different applications running in the same port, right? So here you can see we are running, uh, we, we have hotel collector, which is, which is basically collecting the traces from the application. So your application will, uh, hotel collector will host an endpoint where your application, uh, where the open telemetry library will send the traces or metrics to the open telemetry collector. So open telemetry collector, you can have, it's completely configuration driven and you can send the traces to different, different destination. So here we are, we have shown that we are sending to, sending it to the, uh, sending it to Yahoo. Now let's look at the other pattern. So this is the service pattern or a gateway pattern. So what do we do in this, right? So we have service A and service B here. And if you see, there is no side cut pattern implemented. The port remains the same. You don't need to modify any deployment type. Instead of that, what we can do is we post the open telemetry collector as a service, which have OTLP receiver and obviously it can have different receivers as well. There are different receivers available and then it, it has a Yager exporter, which is exporting it to the, uh, which is exporting to Yager. Now the problem with this approach is first is you need to maintain the collector service. That is one thing. So it becomes an overhead. The other part is you will not be able to get the specific pod metrics because the open telemetry collector doesn't have access to your pod because you have moved it out and running it as a different service. So specific, so when it runs, when the open telemetry collector runs in a sidecar pattern, what happens is they also collect some of the pod specific metrics, right? So this metrics won't be available when you are implementing service pattern. However, when you are running, right, in a sidecar pattern, you will need to understand that there will be a little bit spike in the memory usage for your application. So let's say your application is using 100 MB of memory, then you might, then you might need 100 MB more just to, uh, so do you need to account for that? But it is, but it will give you a lot more information than, than the service pattern. So that's why the sidecar pattern is recommended for Kubernetes. Now let's see the implementation part of it. Uh, so here I'm going to take example of a ASP.NET for, uh, for Subway So, uh, in Java, it is very simple. You just need to download the jar and, you know, set the Java to section to option to set to run, to basically export it. Now, ASP.NET for, uh, there are, there are some changes you need to do in your code. There are not a lot of changes. Those are very, very small changes. So, uh, the way ASP.NET 4 handles this is, uh, you have, uh, we have, you know, open telepathy library for HV.NET 4 for, uh, for, for, uh, so it covers, you know, uh, instrumentation, then different instrumentation, like if you want to see the process for HTTP calls happening from your system, then, uh, if there is an SQL client call, which is happening from the system, you also have a console exporter, you have actor exporter, et cetera, et cetera. So what you can do is here, if you see the definition, right, this is a startup, once you get a startup file where you normally have your, where you normally inject the dependencies in your service. So if you look at this, uh, there is, uh, uh, there is, uh, this, uh, resource builder section, right? And let me just highlight it. So I will just highlight this part. So this is the part I am talking about. So you have, uh, you basically add open telemetry system. Uh, then in, in, in that you, uh, you basically add the service. So this is the service name you should use, right? So this is where you would specify the service name, what type of instrumentation you want to do. If you want to add, so you want to have some 8.NET 4 instrumentation, you want to also have a SQL client instrumentation and let's say HTTP client instrumentation. So all that you can keep on adding to, uh, to this configuration. And where do you want to see instead, send the data? So in our case, we'll be sending it to the open telemetry collector, which is running in a side car. So that's why we have given local host, the 14174. So this is the port where the, uh, open source telemetry collector is running, right? And these are the references, right? You can find more open telemetry services in you get packages for HP.NET 4. Now let's look at the side car. So this is, so from the side for the side car pattern, this is, uh, this is, this is the deployment file for deployment file on the left, uh, deployment file on the left for the side car pattern. And then we have on the right is the open telemetry connection configuration. So before going into deployment, yeah, let's look at the open telemetry configuration. So what do we have here? We have, uh, so this is the configuration for the collector. And we have three sections can be retrievers, exporters and service, right? In retrievers, you can specify different retrievers. So you have OPLP retrievers, which follows the open telemetry protocol. Then we have exporters. So we have, we are using the other exporter here. Then we have service. So we have pipeline. Then, then we have traces and, uh, then we have traces. So let me just, so, so it's the highlighting control. So far, so forgive me for that. Let me again, you know, highlight it properly. So if you look at this thing, we have, we're going to go through this. So we have, we have exporter here and we are using Jagger for, uh, Jagger as one of the exporter. Then the endpoint for the exporter. So this is the endpoint for the exporter. And then we also are using data doc, right? So as I told you previously, right? You can export to multiple destinations. So here I'm exporting to Jagger and data doc. And, uh, for data doc, you just need a TIT and that's it, right? You don't need anything else. Uh, and maybe the reason is you want to, uh, export it to a different other than yours. Now, let's look at the service section here. I've got, I think I have got a hang of it, uh, of highlighting part. So, uh, on the service section, right? If you see, you can define different pipelines. So you have traces and metrics, right? So, uh, in the traces, the trace, the receivers we have defined here as OTLP. Then we have exporter. Here we have, uh, Jagger and data doc, uh, which we have defined here in the exporter section. Then we have metrics, right? You can also have, you know, processors, uh, here, uh, which I have not added. But the processors, if you want to limit the memory of your thoughts, that is also possible if you, if you add the processor section, and then you can have a similar section here in the processor where you can limit the memory of the, uh, memory of your application. So that is also configurable. So that helps you in keeping, keeping check, right? On, on, uh, on, on your memory limitation side, right? Uh, memory limit set. Now let's look at the deployment.yaml site. Let me again, you know, uh, remove this. So what do we have in, uh, um, so what do we have in the deployment.yaml? So, uh, as I told you, we are using a, uh, we are using hotel collector as a, as a sidecar character, right? So hotel collector here is, uh, is the name of the, so I've just given me any name you can do. I mean, it's a, it's a, it's a container name so you can give any name here. Then the image and what I'm doing here is I'm mounting this configuration as a volume, right? So you will have a volume section where you mount this, uh, mount this particular file in the volume and there will be a volume mount section which will mount the particular file in the, in the, for, for open telemetry collector. So here is the mount path for, for this thing. And then you have a collector configuration. So if you see in the argument, he has specified the configuration file here. So advantage of this is you don't need to modify your applications anywhere. You just need to modify your deployment configuration file. You modify your application once and the deployment file once. And if you want to do any changes to your configuration, you can just change the, come here and change the configuration here and maybe restart your application. That should, that should, that should take the latest, that will take the latest configuration. So let's, let's move forward. And now we'll be coming to the interesting part. That is the thing, right? So we'll be seeing. So I have two applications before moving forward. I have two applications. One is the patient service and another is the allergy, allergy service. So patient API is a patient API has, has a method for getting the patient, getting the, getting patient and adding patient and the allergy API has, is, is basically used for adding allergies for that particular patient. So let's, let's, let's, so this is, this is Yager. We'll come to this for, let's, let's just first, you know, go to the, let me share my screen. So this is the, this is the Yager UI.  So let me, let me share that. So I have postman, where, what do you have, where I have gate and post. Now, allergy service, I'm not exposed because I kept it as an internal service, but it is used only by the patient service. So what I'm doing here is I'm getting the list of patients so you can see the list of patients here. So, so that you know that this is happening, this is working in real. So everything is running in my Kubernetes cluster. I have Yager running on my Kubernetes cluster as well as the application site. All this are running inside, inside the Kubernetes cluster. Now, let's, let's look at the patient service. So the patient service here is, so this patient service, we, this is a post, a post service. This is, this is basically where I create a patient. And I also add allergies here. So if you can, you can add multiple allergies by separating, by, you know, you can have pharmaceutical allergies here. I'm not, so this is a sample application. You can have multiple allergies and this can be represented as an addict, but I'll just get it simple. Okay. So before going there, right, let's, let's look at, let me just bring up the terminal where I wanted to. So just give me a moment. So I'm bringing up the terminal window here. My, my Kubernetes cluster is running on my MacBook Air. So I'll just do a get for, get pause. Okay. So these are the two applications which are running. And I have the services for the same. And I've also set up an ingress controller. So this is, this is what my application looks like. So this is similar to the sample application deployment which I've showed you previously. Now there is a difference with dependency between patient API service and allergy API service here. So this is, let's, let's now look at what, what's, look at the, so I will, what I will do is I will add one more patient. So I will add the, let's say James, James Bond, add some allergies to the daily product. Now I'll just change the code to something else. Okay. So you can see that I got 200. Okay. And now let's do a great patient. So Mr. James Bond has been added as a patient. Now let's look at the traces for the thing. So this is my Jagger which is running on my machine. This is also working. This is also running in Kubernetes. So let me just find out the traces. So let's look at the traces for patient API. So these are, these are the, so let's look at the So this is the trace which I've received. You can see that my API is calling allergy API. So this is the trace I've received. You, you can see that my API is calling allergy API here. And it's called C time. Why is that? Because it is calling for three different patients. So that's why you see three different calls here. So you can also see all the calls. So I have made a great API call to you for this patient ID. So you can see here also on the allergy API, if I open this, I can also see the status code for that particular call and also see the open telemetry version, et cetera. And you can see that what is the method, et cetera, and the call section call. Now let's look at the post call. What I can also do is here, I can also filter by get method. So this is it. Let's do it by force. And I can also see the, right? So this is, this gives you a complete, so if something failed here, right, I would, I would see a difference. So that helps me identify the issue. The other beauty of this is I can also see a dependency graph. So my patient API is dependent on allergy API, right? So this gives me a fair idea of my service dependencies also because I'm able to see the dependency graph. Now we'll also, there is one part which I want to cover. We have a Kubernetes dashboard which I developed internally. And so this covers the tracing part and monitoring part, the tracing part. Let's look at the, this is a bonus for the people who stayed till the end. So this is, this is where I have, this is where we have a QPost dashboard. So I can also, so this is, this is the, so this is that what I welcome to QPost. And also it tells you different ports which are running inside the systems and the cost you are getting for that. So this is, this is one of the useful dashboard. Similar to this, you can explore different metrics. And, and, you know, you can also see the EBS volumes which is being utilized. You can also see the cost for the same. Similarly, you can have a dashboard for monitoring the, monitoring the Kubernetes application by exploring the metrics. Since we have limited number, limited time, I won't be able to cover the whole dashboard with you. But this gives you a fair idea. And one more dashboard I would like to cover here is the POE dashboard which we have. So it gives you, so this dashboard uses, uses, you know, QPeng to get the details for, get the details if you are applying, if your COCO Kubernetes cluster is complying with the security norms. So you can, you, so this is, so these are the, so this is, so these are the status rates of different, different checks, right? So it has paid, you can see they say it has passed this However, some of the state data space, right? So this kind of dashboard you can build by implementing observability in your application. And this is, so this is very useful when you are setting up application for product production. So that's it folks, I'm open for Q&A. And the source for the code which I've shown you is available in my GitHub repository. And the observability application I have taken from Dynatrace, they had a very good definition for observability so I have taken it from there. And so thank you, so give us your feedback and thank you so much for attending this talk and happy coding, thank you, thank you so much.


Guys, it's finally here. I've talked about this forever. The home gym, over a year in the making, and I have my friends here, Hafthor Bjornsson, the Mountain Canute, our good friend, many of you already know. I said, what two better guys to have unveil the home gym with than my two friends right here? So congratulations, it's time for the first walk. Congratulations. Congratulations to them. They get the opportunity to see it. Oh. Look at that. Damn. Isn't that sick? So hot. It looks so hot. This right here, how do you think? If I just look quick, you do it. I'm just scanning it right now. This is everything you need. Literally. This one makes a really good decision.  The floor here is the, it's like active track. It's like one inch thick rubber. But then this part is like an inlay platform. You can even feel it like when you stomp, it's like, this part's hard, but this is soft. So you can like do that. That's true. Yeah, you can do the whole like, thousand, a little bit of that. You can drop this way here, it'll only damage the house a little bit. I got my logo, they put the old S-Band logo on the shirt. Look at that. It's a badass logo. Thanks. I'm gonna put mirrors here, that's why it's not painted in yet. I had power lift at the whole gym. I went with power lift because whenever I used to work at SMU, we actually worked with the same sales rep that did my home gym here, did our gym at SMU like four or five years ago. You can see the equipment, the personalized, we got the OTK inlay, we got OTK right here on the, on the jays. And look at that, look at how they did that. This unit here is pretty sick. Now you can move it up, move it triceps, move this down, do some biceps. You can come here, do some back, yeah, access this. This unit is actually sick. This whole rack here, like there's so much you can do here. I mean, even you can do pull-ups here. Look at that. You can pull-ups here. You can pull-ups here. I got a six nine in the pull-ups.  Feels really solid. You can feel that it is quality equipment. That is important. So let's go over and let's actually talk about all the equipment that we have. Let's start with something that, if you've been watching my old streams and everything you're very familiar with, this is the pit shark. So I bought this at my old house because I have back injuries. I have the herniated disc and stuff. I can't really do a whole lot of weight on squat and really load my back anymore. But how this works is, I just take this back, I can just hook this on right here, almost the same way as a squat. I mean, you can't really 100% replace it. It's like hip loaded.  Right there we have an attachment to be able to do dips, chest press. The only problem with it in the home gym is that it's a very big footprint because you don't have a lot of space in a garage, right? Next thing, PCV, posterior chain developer. This is good. Oh yes. Yeah. Glute-hams, reverse hypers. I could even do single leg hamstrings on this. I could go right here and do single leg hamstrings on one of you, boom, just like that. I wanna focus in the gym a lot on leg stuff because, especially because my back is injured. I feel like one of the things that you don't get at most home gyms is opportunities to work like your quads and your hamstrings and stuff like that. This is especially that good leg equipment that I've never seen that in a home gym. Speaking of which, this machine is a combination of, like it is now, it's used for hamstring curls, lying hamstring curls, lie that way. And you can also switch it up. Yeah. So you can go the prone lying hamstring curls or you can sit it up and do leg extensions or something. So that's super cool.  How long do you try this machine? Just to like see how long it is? Yeah, how long? Will you pull it back or? Yeah, yeah, I think you can pull it back too. I think this, the whole thing is adjustable. Yeah, this is nice. Oh, yeah. Yeah? This is great. Look at that. And this stab on this goes up to 300 pounds. That's a lot. That's a lot, yeah. Really like how wide this path is. Yeah. The seat is quite wide as well. Very handy for guys my size. So it's just for people like my vibe who are tiny and also big guys like myself. That's good. The one thing I think the home gym is kind of like lacking right now. I originally wanted like a big dumbbell rack. That's what I wanted.  They told me to save money and space is going with the power blocks. So the power blocks are, these are adjustable weights, like a lot of people, I think it seemed like the bullflex ones. These go up to 90 pounds. Lift them and you can see how it works. Like you just take it right here and they have a clamp that goes in and keeps all the different weights. This is something new. We did not have this at SMU when I was there. Is there dumbbell benches specifically? They have these like rotating like utilities. You basically have a cat. So how am I gonna do like, split squats or anything with dumbbells? We're like any sort of lunges, I can have my foot up here. And then go down like that instead of having to put my foot on the bench.  Yeah, it feels good. But the big boy, the very exciting, big part of the centerpiece of the gym is the custom rack that they built for me, specific to what I needed and what I asked for. So I told them, I said, basically these are the exercises I want to do. Can you build something that is a custom rack that we just put in the back of the gym and it does everything that I want? And the guy goes, yep, we can. And we can do all the back stuff, all the lat pull downs. We can have your power rack obviously in the center. And then over there we also have like the dual cable pulling system. So those are the three main pieces. But going in a little bit more on it, this is not only like the lat pull down here, but it also has a low row. So you can sit, you can do seated low rows. Oh yeah, the landmine attachment. This is actually great. Yeah, landmine attachment. The attachment thing is you're missing in the gym. Okay. A attachment to that. So you put the barbell on here and you have a, like a T bar attachment. Yeah, you can use this one. You can use this one. You put the bar in this one. Yeah. Oh yeah, I think we'll do that. We can use this one. They also sell specific units that go. A T bar at the end. Yeah, yeah. Okay, hold. Yeah, we have a little crosslet. Right sips, right sips. Yeah. Look at the end caps on these bars. Boom, you got the crown. That's upside down when you flip it. There you go, look at that. So my whole gym is all I spend on OTK'd out, which is sick. So it'll be a lot of work to do when I ask my little children to see how to go OTK's. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. This is the dual cable pulley system. I got this originally. I said I wanted something to where I could do like, you know, if I wanted to do triceps. Yeah, this goes higher or lower. You take it all the way up for half four. For me, no, I can't reach it. Yeah, this is great. Yeah. This is fantastic. What I was worried about was not having a cable tower because I love the cable tower in the gym because, you know, we were able to do like peg flies and all kinds of stuff on that. And with this, it's shorter. So I'm like, okay, well, maybe it's not the same, but I was just trying it. I think at the end, it's a little bit weaker, but at the end of the day, it's still pretty good. Yeah. If you combine it a little bit more like pressing. So you do this. Yeah. Instead of this, because if you do this, it's from here, it's no more. Yeah, at the end, it's really good. So if you just do this, you have it all the way. Yeah, so you make it more of a press at the end. Yeah. I'm so excited to be able to do this thing. And this is something that, I've been waiting on this for a year, you know? So this is like, I started talking about this before I even moved into this house and to be able to finally get it in with COVID and everything else and the flooring this big time. So the whole gym, I know people are gonna ask, the whole gym, it costs about $50,000. So. With the flooring. With the flooring. But let's also add to the air conditioning, because we've got air conditioning. At the last house, I tried to put together like a janky beginning of COVID home gym. Horrible, without good AC. Horrible. Here, we've got the speakers. You can show the speakers. Yeah, this thing is loud. So it's gonna be awesome. Workout streams are gonna be incredible. We've got the TV set up. I'm gonna be able to have like, donations, planning, and your TTS. It's gonna be fantastic. So the workout streams in here are gonna be super sick. Amazing. Everything you need for whole gym, whole home gym. Everything. Yeah. Literally. If I had to add one thing next, what would you guys say I should try and add next? Like, you can train everything here. So there is like one machine that is needed. You can always supplement with 100 different machines. Yeah. But at first it's not like one that is specifically needed, I think. Literally, like with stuff you have here, you have everything you need to get strong and fit. Yeah. I mean, if there's anything you can possibly add in, and then there may be a such bike, or a treadmill for you to like, do some conditioning, you know. That's about it. Well, I mean, instead of doing cardio, I thought I'll just lift the weights faster. So that's my, I'll just lift them faster.  Yeah, we're gonna run outside. Yeah. Yeah, it looks like a big hill in here. So we're gonna go out and sprint through the hill. Yeah, we're just gonna run outside, that's fine. Yeah, no, I'm glad I'm glad you guys got to see it. I'm glad we're finally gonna get a chance to show everybody who watches the YouTube and make sure to subscribe to the YouTube if you haven't. Make sure to check out Haftor's stuff. Make sure to check out Knud's stuff. Good friends of mine who have been helping out a ton with Camp Knud. Haftor coming from Iceland after he saw our strong man and was like, hell, you know what, I'll show up and have some fun with you guys. So it's been a blast. It's been a really good time. It's been a really good trip, good month, good week. I wish this was done at the beginning of Camp Knud, but at the same time, we ended up having so many people. There's no way we could have continued training here. Like this gym is good for three people, maybe four doing a bit different exercises, but 10 people. Yeah, way too much. We had to be hard to fit in there, but this is a whole gym. It's not supposed to be 10 people at the same time. It's not supposed to be a commercial gym, and you might say, I like it. Yeah, no, I'm glad. Look, I got the seal approval from these guys. That's good, I'm happy. But yeah, thank you guys for watching. Click the bell and leave a comment. Click the bell and leave a comment. And subscribe. Subscribe, guys.


One specialized type of transformation comes when we try to graph an inverse function. So far we've talked about reflections across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and across the origin. But there's no reason we couldn't use any line as our line of reflection. So for example, we might reflect a point p across the line x equals 3. So let's take our point and the line x equals 3.  Now finding the algebraic equation for the reflected curves is generally complicated, except in one important case, a reflection across the line y equals x. So let's take a look at that. If x, y is a point on the original graph, and we want to reflect this across the line y equals x, well let's draw that line y equals x. Now the coordinates of our point are x, y, which means that we have a vertical distance y and a horizontal distance x. When we reflect this point across the line y equals x, we see these horizontal and vertical distances change places. So this horizontal distance is y, and this vertical distance is x. So the coordinates of this point, horizontal distance y, vertical distance x, so the coordinates are y, x. And so if x, y is a point on the original graph, a reflection across the line y equals x will move it to the point x, y, where x is the old y value, and y is the old x value. So suppose the graph of y equals x squared is reflected across the line y equals x. Let's find the equation of the new graph. So if x, y is a point on the original, then capital X, capital Y will be a point on the reflected graph where capital X is y, and capital Y is x. So from our equation y equals x squared equals, means replaceable will replace y with capital X, x with capital Y, and get our new equation. And so our reflected graph has the equation x equals y squared. Now let's think about what we have. Suppose we reflect the graph of y equals f of x across the line y equals x. If x, y is a point on the original, then y equals f of x. Now if capital X, capital Y is a point on the reflected graph, then since our reflection is going to involve changing x and y, capital X equals f of y. And so our reflected graph has equation x equals f of y. But according to our definition, if f of a equals b, then f inverse of b is equal to a. And so it appears that the reflection gives us the graph of y equals f inverse of x. So for example, suppose we have the graph of y equals f of x, we'll sketch the graph of y equals f inverse of x, and we should explain why our graph actually shows the inverse. So we'll start by reflecting this graph across the line y equals x. So now why does the reflected graph show the inverse? Let's take a look at that reflection again. Now consider any point x, y on the original graph, then y equals f of x. This point becomes y, x on the reflected graph. And what I'd like to do is I'd like to express our output, which is x in this case, in terms of our input, which is y in this case. So in this case, we have x equals g of y, or g is some function. But since y equals f of x, and x equals g of y, then g meets the definition of the inverse, so g is the inverse function. With these ideas in mind, we can lend some insight to the secret of the square root. Suppose y equals x squared. Then by our definition, x is a square root of y. We can try to find the inverse function. And we'll do that by reflecting the graph of y equals x squared across the line y equals x. But if we reflect y equals x squared across the line y equals x, the result is not a function of x. Because we see that in general any x value corresponds to two different values of y. Now if you imagine this curve to be like a tree or some sort of plant, we can imagine that there's two branches here. And so to solve this problem of not having a function, we need to pick a branch, a part of the curve, that is a function. And so for the square root, we'll prune the negative branch. We'll chop it off and get rid of it. And this gives us the graph of something that is a function and leads to our definition as square root of n using the symbol gives us the non-negative number whose square is n.


How's it going guys welcome to another video this style of video this type of video It's going to be a little bit different than most of my other videos I want to sit here and talk about a few things. I've had you know a long car ride back Here to Savannah not too long like five hours, but I've had a decent amount of time to think to myself and think about some things and and That's like to share them with you because I really believe Stuff that I'm going to say could could benefit some of you guys and hopefully inspire motivate and so you guys can go conquer the world and just Achieve your dreams and really really think about stuff and if you're already watching this video this far I'd like you to watch it all the way through Like I said, this is something I really don't do and if you guys like this type of stuff Maybe I can make more if you don't like you don't but watch it But yeah, I Want you guys to do one thing before I start talking. I want you all I mean every one of you guys every single one of you guys To leave a comment below Leave a comment below on something you want to achieve in the next couple of months Something you want to achieve For the rest of this year one goal I want you guys to to comment a goal down below and go ahead and do it right now and pause the video Go ahead and do it and come back to me But I just want to talk to you guys I haven't been the most active or You know, I haven't been that active on YouTube Instagram stuff like that and You know, it is time to change that I've been through two quarters of college so far This is my last quarter is about to start next week. I've been really busy this spring break This is actually my only day I have off right now I'm about to go fly off to Texas from the Bassmaster Classic and be working expo be working at that expo and stuff But I just want to talk to you guys and express what I feel so One thing that you guys have been wondering why haven't I been posting many videos I can make a whole another video staying a lot about that but I've been really busy and I know that sounds like an excuse which it is and but I'm not gonna have any more excuses after this talk and You know in school this quarter. I told myself at the beginning, you know, you have to have a 3.0 to fish here at Skad I Told myself I was gonna get a 4.0 and What did I do? I went and got a 4.0. I got straight A's this quarter and I Did it, you know, I said I was gonna do it and I did it a lot of a lot of things 99% of people in this world. I'm not saying that's a fact right there I would say around 99% of people in this world say they're gonna do something But they don't actually do it. You know, they just say it. They say hey, I'm gonna go You know work out for six months, but they only get through, you know To achieve their goal when they only get through, you know a month and then they quit You know, you can you can say you can do a lot of things, but that doesn't mean you're going to do it and I'm doing a lot right now I'm traveling with the team all over the country Trying to be the best that I can be in college bass fishing We were ranked 11th out of 600 teams on the best bass points and you know for our first year That's amazing. I'm trying my hardest towards that trying my hardest towards school. I'm saying my goals I said I want to achieve these goals and I'm doing it and now it's time for me to get social media back It's time for me to hop on YouTube. It's time for me to hop on Instagram It's time for me to communicate with you guys and you know, see you guys comment. I love all that stuff I'm ready to see you guys. I love seeing you know, everyone at these events and everyone, you know Heck Walmart anywhere. I love just seeing you guys and I miss that a lot And you know, it still happens and when that happens, you know, I'm thinking about it I'm like I need to start back on these videos So starting tomorrow for me My goal is to start posting videos and I'm going to I know you guys are saying no You're not I'm going to that that that's coming out of my mouth right now I'm gonna start posting videos a lot more often. I'm gonna put 110% effort in that.  I have 10 more weeks to prove myself I have 10 more weeks to achieve my goals. I am going to start Monday. I will and I am Going to start working out on Monday. I'm gonna start cooking my food again. I'm gonna get healthy again I'm not saying I want to be the biggest guy out there. I ain't I'm gonna say I want to gain on this muscle I'm gonna stay healthy. I'm gonna get in the gym, you know hour a day You know, that's nothing I'm going to do that and you know, I Know a lot of you guys are saying this is bullcrap.  It's the truth You know, all these people a lot of people out there including myself including myself.  I don't care who it is including myself I've done it multiple times. We've all said we're going to do something and we didn't do it And I just want you guys to come to go below and achieve that goal I want you guys to do that. You know, I know this sounds weird. You know, I'm not a motivational speaker That's not what I am but I am here to motivate people to inspire people I think this is going in the right direction I hope you guys get a lot out of this video and I just really wanted to talk to you guys I've been thinking of myself the past five hours in the car and these last ten weeks of my first year of college I'm gonna come out with a bang and I'm gonna do it I'm gonna help everything to improve the scat fishing team here. I'm gonna try my hardest I want to make sure I'm on top of everything. I want to be on top of everyone And I know I'm hungrier than everyone and I'm gonna be hungry and I want to achieve my goals I'm actually going to make a poster for my room. I'm gonna make a cool background I'm a pain it already have a visual on what I'm gonna do and I have I have the quote on my phone, but It's gonna say something like Don't say you're gonna do it don't just say you're gonna do it go do it and I'm gonna hang that in my room and every morning when I wake up I'm gonna look at that and you know that that's gonna motivate me throughout but some people have that inner motivation Me I have a lot of motivation in me, but you know, I know that could help.  I'm gonna get stuff done I'm not gonna say I'm gonna do something then not do it. I'm gonna do it. I'm gonna improve everything. I Want you my goals. I'm gonna cheat my dream. I'm gonna watch, you know, I'm gonna watch back I'm gonna watch this video, you know, five months from now. What did I do? What did I change? I can tell you one thing. I fell off social media a lot Instagram. I started back, you know I Gunnersville, which is like a month and a half ago. I started back posting content on Instagram, you know on the regular and my Interaction on Instagram. There's actually stats. I can view I've gained 800,000 More hits a week a week on Instagram then I was a month ago and I know I can do the same on YouTube and I wouldn't be able to do it without you guys and I just would like to thank you guys so much, but I'm going to achieve all my goals. I'm gonna start getting in the gym I'm gonna start making videos again. I'm sort of making posts I'm gonna get that 4.0 here in college, you know, I'm gonna try my best and you know all those hours Just sitting around you could be doing something. There's no excuses We all know we have hours and I'm the same way, you know, I can say I don't have time You know, I have an hour in the day some time to go work out. I do You know, if I have to go at 12 o'clock at night, I got to do that If I stay o'clock if I have to stay up all night to get all the stuff I have to do to get done that I'm gonna do that because that's my goal and that's what I'm gonna Do because I'm not gonna rain anymore if you want any more motivational videos like Stuff you want me to talk about because I have a lot of stuff in my head that I could I could talk literally four hours right now on what I have on my brain, but I'm not gonna do that I'm not gonna hold you guys here that long, but I want you guys to think about everything I said Just please I know a lot of you guys are gonna say though.  Well, I mean, you know, everyone has their opinions and But most of stuff I'm spinning out right now. It's just facts. It's just facts And I just want everyone to improve on what they're doing and to achieve goals You know on the daily and have a goal to achieve that and just be very very successful in the future But thank you guys so much for watching every one of you watching. I love you guys so much You guys all mean the world to me All those comments all those comments on Instagram, you know, YouTube I read them guys. Sometimes I can't reply to all of them. Just know just know that It's not that I'm ignoring you. It's just, you know sometimes I can't reply to all the comments but You know, thank you so much. I can tell you one thing, you know, you have Jim over here commenting on my post Say he's commenting on seven of my posts in the past couple of days, you know, I remember that I'll look at his name I'll remember that say he comes up to me at Walmart. Say hey, I'm da da da. I'm like, what's your Instagram? And he's like, I'll remember that, you know, I remember that and I appreciate that so much But I'm gonna stop ranting guys. Thank you guys so much for watching Stay tuned for videos that come out because they will come out.  It's gonna happen. I'm gonna make it happen I'm going to the class gonna be gonna be doing a lot of filming gonna be talking to a lot of fans I'm gonna be doing a lot of business and we're gonna make this happen Well, let's uh, let's make some goals listen down below like this video if you enjoyed it I'll catch you guys in the next one


My name is Samantha Kingsill. I am 17 years old and I'm one of the top riders in the US. It's definitely a sport that adrenaline junkies like me enjoy. You're going at speeds that are around 40 to 50. It's amazing. It's something that the human body is not used to. Samantha is obviously an amazing athlete to be racing women that are 10 to 15 years older than her and beating them regularly. I've been seeing Samantha for a number of years as her regular pediatrician. She had just come back from a competition where she had had a fairly dramatic crash. I was coming into one of the obstacles and I ended up landing on a stump and then hyperextended my elbow. One of the biggest pleasures of working here for me is it's very simple for me to get her in to see a specialist. So for the patient it's wonderful. And for me it's wonderful too. I know I'm giving that patient the best care. You know I think in Samantha's case really our job was to get really rapid identification of her injury. So right away we were able to review the images real time and make some immediate clinical decisions about her care. Went through some physical therapy, got a range of motion and strength back and she was back on the bike. Words cannot express how grateful I am to have those people out there that help me make my dreams possible to achieve. She's a world class athlete and it's going to be a real pleasure to see her get back to what she's best at. I feel great to be a part of that. The story here is Samantha and what she was able to overcome with this injury. We can only hope that she continues to build off her success and take it even farther next year. I have so many other goals that I want to accomplish. I want to be the fastest woman rider in the world.