Welcome back to the last talk of the RC3 this year, Peggy Seileb with Hearables, a citizen-signed open hardware project to hearing aids, Hearables and the DIY hardware and software behind it. So go ahead. Thank you very much. Hello, Eepang already said it. My name is Peggy Seileb. I'm a computer scientist with master of public policy and media artist. I want, I'm currently working at Fraunhofer IDMT Oldenburg in the research group, personalized hearing systems. I want to introduce to you the like-to-hear-self-adjustment open source mobile hearing aid prototype which we developed in the citizen-sized project here, how you like to hear from 2017 to 2020. So I'll give you some overview about the motivation and what we developed and the open issues. So let's let's start from the motivation point and this is all about hearing loss and when you realize that actually 17% of the population in Germany has hearing impairments that that's actually could say more or less it's the whole population in the world has similar percentages. There's some sources saying like slightly different numbers but it's more or less you can take it for all over the world. Now in Germany we actually privileged we have access to hearing aids and hearing supports but when you realize even in Germany about 75% wouldn't use hearing support to to get a bit better hearing possibility. That means I mean this is very optimistic but when you make a number game for example for Europe and we have 70, 740 million people living in Europe and that means that actually 52 million people in Europe have untreated hearing impairment. That's a huge number and even when you were living in a country like Germany and people have access to hearing aids, nearly half of them would return them after their first fit. They get it from the audiologist, try it out and say no I don't want it give it back. I don't know if you do is the same thing when you're looking for headphones that like half of the people just give it back but hearing aids with hearing aids is like this. So something is wrong with the idea of hearing aids and the way it's adjusted. So our assumption was we want to go behind what's actually wrong with that idea of hearing aids why do I don't meet like customers needs. So the first thing what we said is our assumption that adjustments in audio laboratory is for most people unsatisfactory. I mean I myself I familiar to moderate hearing loss and I tried it myself and I had the same feeling but it was now initiated this citizen science project here in 2017 to find out is this just me or everybody thinking like this. So I took this format from sound art sound works like actively listening to surrounding sounds and we had this hearing aid mobile hearing aid prototype with some intuitive like GUI to interaction for interaction so people could easily adjust surrounding sound and we made this sound works. People were adjusting the sound in the ways like they like to and we got about one hour locked data of people's behavior and we did also ask people what do you like from earrable what do you want from a hearing aid and we got 550 submissions and we made two hackathons actually the first ones make done at Fraunhofer IDMT and about 200 people took part. So if you're interested to get more about this project behind you can look at this web page and yeah actually it was the first citizen science project the first open source project and the first hackathons running at Fraunhofer IDMT Oldenburg and it was quite a new format for science and was very experimental and very actually exciting to go like out of laboratory and go into like real life situations and what we did we took like more or less three sound situations one on streets as a one like in cafes with a lot of bubble and other and also going around with in parks and just let people like we had this mobile hearing aid prototype with some headphones and let people just adjust in the sound like they wanted to without making audio ground without measurements and people with hearing hearing problems people without hearing problems all age gender everything just let people adjust and see what comes out is there any like something advantage just to give the adjustments of hearing aid prototype in the hands of the people and not to the like algorithm or to audiologist and one citizen scientist who's still active and actually using so hearing aid prototype in everyday life is Dr. Udo Spiegel who has a severe hearing loss and had really big problems in normal life to communicate at all. He gave me this video message I want to play now hopefully it works. Here we are. My name is Dr. Udo Spiegel. I'm a professional engineer in my working life. I've done a lot of technical developments and then in my current retirement age I've also made further technical solutions. Unfortunately, I had to quit because of too bad communication with my partners. My hearing aids acoustics have given themselves a lot of effort and also showed a lot of patience in the search for a suitable hearing aid and with the right settings to understand sound and language. Unfortunately, that was all without success. We didn't find a suitable hearing aid with which I had achieved a somewhat good language understanding. With the like to ear box I have very good experiences. The first was that a good language understanding was available and especially impressive was the natural language of the Gesprächspartner. This shows very good the potential self-adjustment can have just by like optimizing the sound of the hearing amplification of the sound amplification in a way that perfectly fits to its needs. It enhances his possibilities of hearing and understanding much more. I want to explain to you how we made this hearing aid prototype. We have this like to hear framework which is just what we developed for the citizen science project which is actually just the control and easy and intuitive control for the hearing aid prototype for everybody, even not like very tech interested.  We took over from the open source mobile hearing aid prototype by Professor Dr. Marc René Schädler who made it based on Raspberry Pi and some other modules I'm going to explain now soon. And he made also some basic like adjustments to use it for actually for him to use it for his students for audiology but we could also use it for our purpose. And this and the control itself is of the hearing aid algorithm is the hearing aid algorithm itself is actually processing a platform or the open master hearing aids or open MHA which has some the possibility of like research and development of new hearing aid algorithms which is also actually more like an academic platform but I'm going to explain this a bit better later. So about the hardware, this is actually basically the hardware you need if you want to buy and build it yourself, need a strong battery and about three ampere otherwise wouldn't run a Raspberry Pi and a sound card and we use these headphones which are quite expensive but I think you can also use a bit cheaper ones but not too cheap microphones otherwise you won't be happy with that and we have this pre-amplifier for the microphone signal which is a kind of tinkering thing that's why we made a special for now but all in all it's about 200 euro and I think you can spare a bit if you if you change headphones and mics and yeah we made this pre-amplifier special for for now for the C3 so we have this SMD we made some of them and already done and you can order assist just get in contact to me I have a few I mean I made a talk already yesterday and I got I think three are left so if you if you're interested just contact me and I can give it to you so it's a bit easier to to get it together you don't have the solder it yourself um so for the usage of the hardware and the software from from the user side it looks like that there's this box and you had your smartphone you could use as an as interface you would just like log in in the Raspberry Pi as an access point and call the web page and the web page will give you the possibility to control the sound I can explain this soon and the sound control will be processed by the Raspberry Pi and the change sound then will be sent out by the headphones to the headphones and we made also some logging of the surrounding audio and also the presets the people would choose so we could have a look afterwards if there are any patterns of how in certain situations how people react on sound and what kind of presets they would choose we had some very interesting and inspiring ideas out of this but I don't want to go too deep into this in this talk if you're interested for the data analysis just get in contact to me with me so for the control to explain it how it works is really very simple you had this like circle you look to the to the right it would be the control page you would get and if you would go up this circle you would have more volume and it would get louder and you go down it would all over again would go softer and for the access access you have a sound balance you know I mean if you go to the right you would have a brighter sound if the more you go to the left you would have dollar sound that's very easy and by every every single point of this of this good graphical user interface we will have a certain sound setting I can explain this later to you and so basically for the web page we had this landing page and then you would like fill in a user id and start you have the submit button and then you have beside of the control you could have reset for resetting recalling the app and also an off-putting for amplification and we had this control gs which is a simple java class from control and web socket communication so for the objectives of the self-fitting control it should be like nothing special like common python models plain html and javascript easy to understand if you want to like reprogram it understand how it works it should be independent of third party competence and yeah open source for the participation of citizens so to look a bit into the software it's actually this like to hear controlling framework and interaction framework and which would control the hearing aid prototype you know you remember this is like where the hearing aid algorithms are implemented on raspberry pi and that means that there was done some hardware calibration and this software set up that it would run on raspberry pi and some basic open image aid configuration with dynamic sound compression and feedback reduction that's all what we used for now open image itself has much more possibilities but actually it's a basic hearing aid has basic hearing aid features and is like i mentioned before research platform for novel algorithms and provides this tcp ip interface with as possible to make the web app and it's yeah once you get behind it it's quite easy to configure and for to run on on raspberry pi but you could also run it on any other like linux system you have the connection to alza and and the transfer audio between the application by the check audio connection kit so this is basically the architecture and then to go a bit into the amplification we use it's just very simple amplification over all frequency bands so when you would take the circle more to the left side which just like linear amplification in same amount over all frequencies and if you go more to the right that would be it mean you would have more amplification on the higher frequencies this is about the sound balance and if you look for the overall gain it's like when you put the circle up and down the y-axis then you would see that you have some more you go up some more amplification you have but in some in some more likes let's say more volume at a certain point you wouldn't put so much amplification on it because it would get too loud and that's why this d-point you see and so it's a grid of 10 to 10 presets you automatically a chart then actually the overall frequency amplifications and like I mentioned x-axis is sound balance y-axis is overall gain and you have a bit of compression of high input levels and for the frequencies the processing was about nine bands and the audio we did also the audio logging it was about six bands yeah the presets were based on two channels but we put actually same amplification on the two of it as sort of like mono and nine bands and we had gained presets for 65 different input levels and yeah a bit of compression and a step size of two for minimum input gain of throw to get a bit into the software we use this Python modules and had this main who is connected with the user interface and this would put the information of the user interface to the control like via control Python script which would take the the presets out of a lookup table to gain station on one side on the other side lock the the presets and the audio level analysis to with chasing lookup python and would also control the open image a the processing chain of the sound amplification so yeah if you look a bit you see it's actually basically the same thing here the main is in in connection with the server oh yeah with the server socket and would also communicate with the control script and then do the chasing and there's a logging handling so that's basically how it works and yeah the socket we have a socket the control chair as for the socket and web inter sorry web socket interaction and we are the sound former for controlling 2d interface elements and the menu for handling of the switch and reset you saw before on on the user interface yeah this is how it looks like with the chasen we we're logging we have the state we're logging we have we will see if there was a reset and the on off and then like the where the circle like the preset um position of the circle was set so that's basically the state of the art at the moment and so what's our next step um let's listen to the next citizen science who took part at the project and he's going to give us some inspiration yeah looking to let it run yeah Hello my name is Jorge Curiti I came from Brazil and I have a medium hearing loss and also living in Berlin without a public health insurance only private ones so I cannot afford a hearing aid kit I took a part of like to hear a project testing the prototype for about like 10 days and I just experimented some situations for example giving a class for one person in a closet place pretty quiet it was really really helpful I could understand even like the person who was not like with a good distance but normally I didn't hear but for example in place for for for example like a bar with a lot of people talking a lot of noises and different distance like uh it was quite difficult to to understand when the person was talking to me directly and I think a smaller prototype like a smaller version will be really I mean like physically speaking it would be really helpful for me because like to Karen like at the big box and also like we do wires of the the headphones it's it's not like so practical so that's okay thank you bye so yeah there's some open issues and uh I actually want to call for support um it would be cool like he mentioned that would just be a bit smaller and we could even even smaller spray pies or you could use microcontroller so we have also some ideas to make the microphone pre-amplifier a bit smaller uh we had the 3d case but with some adoption but you can find the stl file on on github if you like to and yeah it would be also more economic and but better hearing when you when we use uh true wireless headphones so anybody wants to try it out just let me know what uh what your experience is and yeah for the web interface update uh I it is uh necessary to um yeah it would be good uh to have an update of uh the open of the operating system to raspberry and buster and better a more robust browser communication and this is like some basic things and it's not so much work to do and uh and there's some other things like nice to have more expert mode of adjustment enhancement and a bit better not a sound suppression and what would be really cool would be more feasible sound processing in real time and uh for example by uh Faust programming and which but if you're interested just have a look at the github repository and you find more information I can give you some hints for uh cool uh papers so like the first one is more or less like uh benchmarking with some actual hearables who have these features integrated and uh like uh and the next one showing something about uh over-the-counter hearing aids which are like for that made for self-adjusting with uh otologies and the last one is actually saying where uh our idea of this 2d touch um interface is coming from it's actually my group my colleagues and the frown over idmt so thank you very much for listening um if you want to support get in contact with me and we have also some uh social media and uh accounts on twitter and uh instagram you can follow if you want to uh keep being kept updated and yeah thanks also for uh bmbf and for supporting and frown over idmt thank you yeah thank you very much uh pegy there's no questions in the chat right now anything else you want to add to the talk um um no okay but i i'll say uh thank you because it's it's just what we're supposed to do more open source uh hardware open uh source software and uh yeah if the citizens can do it themselves why why not and uh maybe the the cooperation between the the pros and the people who needed can be yeah can be better that way thank you very much thank you too for giving the chance to make this project public yeah all the best for your further updates and i'm sure we'll see you again sometime and uh until then yeah check out the the uh social media or the the pages where you can find the information


on in which timezone you're currently watching this live stream of Emmerkamp 2020. I'm Anne Grete and I'm going to tell you something today about contributing and why it may seem scary and to be honest this is quite scary recording this talk but I'm doing it anyway because I really want to share my excitement about the topic of contributing. But first something more about me. I started studying psychology here in Enschede in 2010. I started doing my psychology bachelor's degree and after that I completed my master's in human media interaction mostly focused on user-centered design. After that I started working at a company called Nadab just half an hour drive from here where I started with a traineeship. The goal of the traineeship was to become a software developer and that's what I am today. I'm a Rails developer doing a lot of coffee script because we use a lot of server-side rendered templates. Currently we're moving towards something more modern using a JavaScript framework and the JavaScript framework is Vue. A lot of you would have expected Ember but that's not the case. I'm not an Ember developer nor do I do any Ember coding in my spare time but I ended up doing some contributing for Ember and it all started in 2018 when I was the Zoe on the left side of this Ember logo and I ended up volunteering. I ran around most of the time in a green shirt and during a few lunch breaks in the Zoe suit and I have to say running around in a Zoe suit has been the hardest contributing I've done so far. If we fast forward approximately 11 months we end up in Brussels at FOSSTEM. FOSSTEM is a large open source conference with over 8,000 people attending and over 800 talks. That year I joined the open source design room because design was really something that I liked and thought that I could understand. All the people there were really passionate about their contribution to open source and what I found out was that their contribution was not only not technical but it was valued. So I decided I wanted to contribute to a framework that I knew with people that I thought could help me. So two weeks later I opened my first pull request. It was for Ember and it was for the release blog and luckily I had some help. This guy helped me a lot with my PR. Even though my PR is only four lines of code I was luckily able to copy and paste a lot from the RFC. Just copying this and these four lines of code didn't make it any less valuable. It ended up on the Ember map screencast of Ember Octane and after the encouragement I got from Kenneth but also other people that read the blog I decided to write more and since then I've been writing a lot of PRs for the Ember times. Next to writing I've also been adding a lot of so we sent tomsers to the website. The cool thing is that this is not really hard. It's just four or five lines of code but it shows to everybody who has a tomser that their tomser is valued too. If we forward to October I ended up at Emberfest. After contributing and volunteering at EmberConf two years in a row I decided to volunteer at Emberfest. But next to the volunteering I also gave a talk. I gave a lightning talk about contributing and that everybody can contribute because after talking to somebody there who was surprised that I wrote for the Ember times even though I'm not in a core team I don't do any Ember development I realized that it's important that everybody realizes their value and what they can contribute to a framework like Ember. So let's talk about contributing. Contributing is something that we all see different. So some of you might see contributing as adding and removing lines of code from a repository. Others of you who are like me might view it as running around in a Zoysuit or setting up a meetup. The cool thing is there is a specification for this called the All Contributors spec which shows all the different kinds of contributions people can make to a repository or your framework. So people who are giving a talk even if they're currently recording it somewhere they are contributing to this. But also the people who ask questions on Discord. Leia is of course a huge contributor to Ember by making this all possible. But there's also a reason why people do this. There are psychological things that we can look at and learn from when we want to entice more people into contributing. And the first of it is motivation. Motivation is really important in understanding why people contribute. Social norms is something we can use to get people to contribute. And the community which Ember has and should be really proud of is something that keeps people interested in contributing. So let's first look at motivation. There are two kinds of motivation. There is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is something from within. One thing to help people comes from within and is cool intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation might be that your boss wants a bug fixed. The cool thing is that it doesn't really matter what kind of motivation people have. If they do something from it then they end up with a feeling of satisfaction. And the feeling of satisfaction is something we as a community can enlarge in. If we give gratitude to the people who contribute if we acknowledge their contributions they will feel this sense of satisfaction and when they feel it they will be more likely to contribute to Ember. The next thing is social norms. Social norms is a psychological term that we use to describe the situation where somebody asks someone something and they say yes. So for example if Leia asks me to upload the Zoys and Thomsters to the website and I say yes that's social norms in effect. And the cool thing is that if somebody asks you to do something you already feel encouraged that that person chose you. So if we as a community invite people this way to contribute they are really likely to do it as well. And the cool thing is that they then experience the community and community is really important with in Ember. But also within the general sense of the society there are two kinds of things we can look at from a community standpoint. And the first of all is psychological sense of community. What this actually means is that you feel aligned with a community because their values match with yours. And I found some tweets that nicely illustrate that. So Scott tweeted that the principles of the Ember community are so in line with basic human goodness and that things like caring and teaching are at the core of a lot of members of the community. This really nicely illustrates the sense of this psychological sense of community. And just this morning I found this tweet of John who was really sad that he couldn't go to EmberConf but that the fact that we're now able to share this experience in a virtual world is so cool. This also shows his feeling of the sense of community with the Ember community. And then just I think two hours before I'm recording this I found this tweet by Kenneth who's sad that he was going to open up more of his time to help people to get contributing. And he wants to enlarge in the psychological sense of community for people getting started. And a cool thing is it's not only something that happens online. By organizing meetups like the Chennai made up this year or by taking a picture with all the women at the last EmberConf or by attending EmberConf last year in person we get a feeling of this psychological sense of community. We get a feeling of the values that we share with each other. And even today we have that feeling in the virtual world. There are a lot of people currently watching this live stream. They're chatting. There are people watching it in VR. And the cool thing is that this psychological sense of community that we're now experiencing and I hope you're experiencing it with me too can turn into community commitment. And the cool thing about community commitment is that it's something that makes sure that people keep contributing. Luckily a lot of Ember people tweet so I found another tweet to show you this psychological concept. Melanie tweeted I'm switching to react as an answer to the question what she would tweet once she was kidnapped to show us what happened. And this shows so nicely that the identity that Melanie has is so closely linked to Ember that we immediately would recognize this. And this community commitment has to do with loyalty. So people are willing to exert effort on behalf of this community. People will share their experiences and by sharing their experiences they make sure that they're more likely to keep contributing. So the cool thing is that if we as a community start talking to each other and exposing it to the outside world we're as a community getting tighter. So what can we learn from what I told you today. First of all make sure that you thank everybody. Of course this is common courtesy but be aware of all the people that help you when you have an add-on or when you're organizing a meet-up. Make sure that you're not only acknowledging people who create the PR but also the people that help the PR take more shape. The next thing we as a community could do is ask people to contribute to their strengths. Asking someone to contribute will hopefully give them a cool sense that they can do it. But if you ask them to contribute to their strengths they're even more likely to feel really satisfied afterwards. And the last thing I want to encourage all of you, even if you're now sitting in your sweatpants at home, is talk about Ember. Maybe not talk talk like somebody in real life but make a blog or tweet about it or fight the righteous fight at the JavaScript Reddit to make Ember cool there too. But by talking about Ember you're creating a better community commitment for yourself but you're also able to ask and invite people in to join Ember. So this is something that I wanted to share with you and I want to tell you to do it. It might seem scary you might feel really weird at first talking to people about this thing that's really important to you but do it anyway. It's not that hard you can start by just creating a PR somewhere or just writing a simple blog and as the community grows we will be there for you. Just like Kenneth was there for my first PR there are a lot of people on Discord, on the GitHub repost that will really really like to help you. So thank you, you can find me on GitHub, you can find me on Twitter, on Instagram, my slides are unnoticed and if you have any questions just send me a message on Discord. Thank you very much.


It is the touch line here on Y2 for 400. It is that time for the fans on your fan favourites where we talk about some of the biggest matches that are coming up and joining me to discuss that is Ken Andrews who is here with me for the touch line and also after some time Eric Aganya is also back. Eric, we start with you. How you doing my brother? I'm good, I'm good my brother. How about you? I'm doing great. You can see man, you are a bit growing fat brother. Life is good. We thank God. The big question will be what has been your highlight of the week when it comes to sports? I don't think it has been a highlight as such. It has been a trolling of the week through the week after Manchester United were hit by Man City 63. Yes, I think it has been a tough week for me as a Manchester United fan because online the boys have drawn all over. But basically in the week we have been working also in the community in Kaha West with the MCA Dr. Clement Kamaru who is really working so hard to improve sports in Kaha West. And for the youth activities and to highlight the talents of young people in Kaha West. So that is basically what I have been doing throughout the week and we are committed to that course. That is a big improvement for us and we will see how we will be going to work. We need to talk to him. Yes, actually we need to bring him here because he is a guy who is really passionate about the young people. He is a guy who really wants to support the people of Kaha West and we want to bring in a leadership whereby the community, together with the leaders, they forge a way forward to create employment opportunities for young people. There is a field there we want to convert it into a camp-toilet style because I think that will attract so many sponsors and improve the economy of the area. So through Dr. Clement Kamaru I think Kaha West are in good hands and I think we should bring him here one of these fine days. We will work on that and we will talk about this new leadership and what they are going to do. We will talk about leadership and what are your thoughts when it comes to the CS nominee for sports Ababuna Muamba. What are your thoughts about him if he gets that chance to be the next Cabinet Secretary for Sports? I think if he gets the chance to do it, I think he will do a better job than his predecessor because I want to say his predecessor may be had no interest, so much interest in sports. But Ababu being young and being optimistic, him being young and him being passionate about sports, I think he will love to do some policy changes and also to inject new blood into sports industry in this country. So I am really optimistic unless now he disappoints us. I am optimistic that he will do better than his predecessor. Yes. Well a big one for sports. The vetting now will be coming away soon. The public has also been invited to send in their views considering the vetting and hopefully we will get a new CS from next month. We will be working on in the sports docket. Let's come back to Fanzon. Before we go international we have to talk about our very own John Obimikel coming on to his retirement. One of the greatest African players. Where do you rate John Obimikel? I think especially under Mourinho. His second stint from 2014 I think. Obimikel was really really good at that time. And also for Nigeria in the World Cups he's been a really really crucial part of the midfield because he had the tenacity. He was really a Mourinho style midfielder. He's African and he wanted to get the ball and to quickly switch it and play. So I think he's had a great career. He's won the Premier League, he's had appearances at AFKON, he's had appearances in the World Cups. So it's a deserved retirement. He gave it all out there and I wish him all the best as he retires. A story goes that John Obimikel signed for Manchester United, then after some talk he ended up at Chelsea. Is it true? I think he was eject on the way because I remember that story very well.  I don't know what really happened because he came at Carrington Training Center. He looked at everything, he was happy. He went back to his hotel for the documents to be signed. The next morning he's been announced by Chelsea. I think he was eject on the way but I think he could have been a really good acquisition for Manchester United because at that particular time Roy Keen was exiting. We needed to fill up that midfield. You see up to now Manchester United haven't had a good defensive midfielder up to now. That is a position that is still having problems on the field. He has done well. He's retired at an early age. If you look at Nigerian greats and African greats, for him being a midfielder you want to think the Olympics title, you want the youth silver medal in the World Cup I think at the under 17 level. What do you rate him in the African context when you look at the greats of JJ Okocha, Roger Miller, Obimikel. Where do you put him? If we put him now in Africa in general I think maybe we'll make the top 10 or top 20 because we have the likes of Samuel Leto, we have the likes of Didi Drogba who've done a lot, won more accolades than him both for country and club level. Maybe I'll put him in the around number 9, number 10 because we also have even in Nigeria itself he may be on the top 5 because we have the likes of Karnan Wangko, the likes of JJ Okocha, the likes of Sunday Ulise, Kachi. Great score. One of the best scores that Nigeria ever assembled takes me back to 96 and when they made the World Cup 98 in France, you look at that score with the likes of Taribu West, Emmanuel Amunike, Sunday Ulise. I remember the game against Spain. I sat to my mum and I told her, this is what we are watching. I remember that goal by Sunday Ulise from almost the midfield, the middle of the park. One thunderous shot goal, 3-2. Evatun at the moment and they are going to be playing Manchester United this weekend and it seems Lampard is making a good team out of Evatun because so far since he took over Evatun this season they have not been considering goals. They are centre backers communicating well. It seems to be the engine in that team. Now they will be going against Manchester United. Will they put a halt to Manchester United's momentum the way CT did? I think they can because if you look at Manchester United they haven't been scoring a lot of goals and look at Evatun, what they did in their transfer window. They brought in two really good English centre backs in James Takoski and Konakodi and they also brought in Onana in the midfield to try and stiffen that area of the park. Plus also their full back especially Paterson and Miko Lenko they have been really good in defending more than attacking. So I think Evatun can stop Man United but Man United right now it's never in a good place especially after they lose like that at Man City. So if they lose this game it's another crisis at Man United, the last ten hug. United have to perform well in that game but it will not be easy against an Evatun team which is looking really good this season. Eric, off camera before we came on set you were talking about Manchester United needs to trust the process. They need to trust the process. You look at Arsenal what they have been doing since Mikaela Cheta came in and also watching an interview of Jürgen Klopp this morning and they were saying that Arsenal is lucky to have got a coach who has been given time but I think given Klopp has been given time. Is that what also Manchester United needs when you talk about trusting the process? Oh yes, oh yes. I think off camera we are saying that Manchester United fans I myself included we need to lower our expectations and we look at Jürgen Klopp before he won anything he had for almost four years before he won anything. In his first season, what position did they finish? Look at Pep, in his first season did he win a trophy? No. You have to take time to change the mentality of the squad and personally I think ten hug requires at least two transfer windows. Maybe the January one and the summer one. He will have cleared out the people who don't fit his philosophy and brought in people who fit his philosophy. You look at the current squad that Manchester United have. Maybe there are three or four players that ten hug trusts. Yes. Three or four maybe. The rest he is gambling and that's why you are finding that they are blowing off cold and warm, hot and cold. If you look at the game against Man City, they weren't really overpowered but they made careless mistakes. Is it a case of like I also Maruina used to say respecting the opposition too much. Is it what United did because you look at the players like Sancho, Anthony. I think to me it's just lack of experience in the Premier League because if you look at Tyrell myself, some of him to be hooked off at half time he made some careless mistakes that he couldn't have made. Manchester United is not a team that is caught on the counter. Man City caught us on the counter I think twice that resulted in two goals.  So I think it is just mistakes of lack of experience on the wing back and that's when you saw him bringing in Luke Shaw. Luke Shaw as much as he may not be on form but he has some experience in the Premier League. He knows that this ball will be placed this way. I have to mark this person because I saw one of the goals that Haaland scored. He was being marked by the whole of Manchester United team. And then there's nobody who has particularly been assigned to him because you don't assign Martinez to him. Look at the height. You need Varane. You see there's that aspect. Well Manchester United really the troubles that they are having but you look at Manchester United, you look at the place where they are then you look at Manchester City, you look at the level where they are. And one player for Manchester City was coming to that team and let's say changed the team or added some impetus into that thing has got to be Haaland.  I think he is a totally amazing player because you know in the past I saw I read something somewhere that Pepl taught people in the Premier League that playing without a striker was just a tapping match and it wasn't the way to go but he bought Haaland was just always in the box. You can score all types of goals in the box and you see what he is doing and you know you have to give credit to the guys assisting him because everything that they brought into the box right now it just looks like Haaland will get on to it and score. Even Mahrez is on the bench this season a lot but imagine if he starts the game and he just calls everything in this left foot Haaland is there to finish and I think he already has 19 goals so what assigning for City. My question will be is this now the best unstoppable team for Pepl for Champions League football because in the Premier League you know it's a marathon, stops will come here and there but they look to go there and master the art of winning the Premier League. The thing will be now when it comes to knockout football in the Champions League with Haaland is that the team to beat. If he doesn't do it with Haaland this season then he forgets. There will be no other season because in the past you look at two seasons since Aguero left. He has not been having a number nine striker. Now he has a better version of Aguero in Haaland who is good in air, who is good with tapins. He is also good with his left foot he can shoot from a distance and I saw the other day he has the capability to pick the ball from the midfield. You see that is something that most number nine don't do and he has now feel for them who is now hitting top form. So if he doesn't do it I think he will have no excuse whatsoever because he has a balanced team. Last season he didn't have a number nine so you say maybe it cost him the season. And then the team now as Ken was saying they are playing to Haaland's strength and Pepl has now reorganized his team to play to Haaland's strength. And if Haaland is able to remain fit he will score a lot of goals. Narona can be sure but the problem now is is he able to remain fit? Look at his weight, look at his height. Is he able to remain injury free? When now they start playing three, four games, two games in a week the effect kicks in and everything. We will be able to remain injury free because if he remains injury free we will take care of his body properly. Then we will surpass the record that the likes of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have set. Well talk about records and that's where the kid is because he has been scoring left, right and said I think 17 goals now he has in all competitions and he is going to look at that. But they will be kicking off again Southampton this afternoon at five after they are playing Southampton. And not a game that you will expect Haaland to perform at the top level for Man City. Yeah I think he will get a couple of goals but also you know Southampton have the new centre back Belakochap which will be a great battle to see between him and Haaland. But I expect City to comfortably win that game. Well this conversation about Haaland will not come to an end Eric because I know the way he is playing braces, heart tricks and the way they are going. But let's look ahead at some of the matches that will be coming away this afternoon. We have got Bournemouth, Aguiness Leicester, Chelsea versus Wolves, Man City, Southampton, Newcastle versus Brentford and then a big game there for us this evening will be bright on half versus Tottenham. But before we talk about that we are going to talk about Chelsea Wolves and Gary Potter taking over Chelsea. I have not heard about you because you have been missing in action. How do you know about Gary? Graham Potter is a wonderful coach and look at what he is being able to do at Brighton. Brighton they play nice football, they knock around, look at the way they are confident. What confidence for a middle team is unexpected. That is the confidence you expect with Man City. The only unfortunate thing about Graham Potter is that I know Chelsea will not be patient with him. But if they could have given him time and they give him resources he will have an amazing kind of football at Chelsea. They dominated everything. We have not seen that in a Chelsea game. They could defend and win one meal but they dominated everything and the Milan is not a pushover. Graham Potter is one great coach. Graham Potter for Chelsea and seems that Abu Mayang is starting to pick up his form in the Chelsea outfit. I think if you look at how he played against AC Milan he got an assistant goal. It was brilliant in that game. It is still early days because it is a new manager for him also. But I think he is just there. He looks like he wants to score a lot of goals to prove some points to maybe to Barcelona for letting him go and also in the Premier League. I think he will come good this season for Chelsea. Graham Potter is actually a coach for Chelsea. I think if he wins this one there will be three matches for him now that he is leading Chelsea who are likely to be called London Cowboys starting the 2024 season. But we will be waiting for that one. What is not performing well with Bruno Large and speculation that he might be fired from Wolves? Wolves are in trouble. In the last two years they have had three or four coaches. Since Nuno left they have had struggles. This is the third coach after Nuno left. That one now breaks the consistency because each coach and each technical bench when they come in they come in with their new methods. Coaching is just like teaching. When you have a change of teachers in school you are affected especially for crucial subjects like mathematics. The same applies to coaching. A coach will come in with his rules. A coach will come in with his methods. And then you are coming in to a team that doesn't have a big budget to buy. So the coach wants to use the available resources in the players. And the players will take a lot of time to adapt. And after adapting now there is another change again. So there is another adaption. So you see they will struggle the whole season. They will struggle the whole season. And then there will be another game. All these games will be actually coming at 5 pm. We will be following them up to talk about them. One game that we have to go to talk about is a big one. It will be a very good rivalry there between young managers Leicester going away to FC Bournemouth. That team that they actually fired the Scott Parker now. Bournemouth against Leicester. Two teams that are actually in the relegation zone there. Leicester managed to get their first win last weekend. But Brandon Rogers, can he steer the ship out of relegation even come back to the top ten for Leicester? I think he can. Because this is definitely a good fixture for him after getting the moral boosting win on Mandi. And for him to do it, Mandi Sonu will be key because the type of form is hit in the season. The whole team hasn't been performing well but he has been doing well personally. And I think them playing against Bournemouth that has also had its own troubles at the start of the season. It's a really good fixture for Leicester and I'd expect Leicester to get the win in that game. What about you Eric Leicester Bournemouth? Big one. But I think Leicester are starting to redefine themselves. Mandi Sonu is doing amazing. I was looking at his stats and I was wondering why is he not in the England team? He needs to be there because if you look at his stats you compare with the likes of the people like Grilish Mount is way way miles ahead. So I think Leicester will take the day today. Let me put that talking point for later because England is another team for work after this. But is that came from Borussia Dortmund? Jude Bellingham. You can enjoy the way that kid is playing. At such a young age and also captain in Borussia Dortmund, the future is bright for him. I think not even looking at the kid, let us look at Borussia Dortmund and what Dortmund is able to produce in these kids. Haaland Borussia Dortmund. Look at the confidence they give to these kids because when Haaland was living more there to Borussia Dortmund it was not as good as it is today. He left Borussia Dortmund having scored 85 goals in 87 matches. Look at that. Look at now Jude Bellingham. He went to Borussia at the age of 17. He is now in the English team. The confidence this kid has. I think Borussia Dortmund are doing some wonderful job. Let's finish off the touch line with one game that will be happening at 7.30. That will be Tottenham vs Brighton. Bad outing for Tottenham last weekend against Arsenal but they got a bounce back against Brighton. Yes, they have to and it's a tricky fixture for them because Brighton also brought in a manager Robato Dejabi because manager who knows how to create a playing style he did it at Sassuolo and also at Shakta so it's a bad time for Tottenham to be playing them. Even though the manager switched Brighton already had a groove of playing so it would be a tough for them. If you look at Tottenham they were blunt against Arsenal and also during the Champions League game against Frankfurt they were also blunt. They want to score. It looks like it's really defensively set up. They are not being let off the leash for them to go at teams despite having players who can tear defences apart. So it's a big one for Conte because now the criticism will be on him if they cannot score the number of goals people expect them to score with that attack. Well for you Eric let's very briefly finish off the segment Brighton Tottenham. What will you be putting in your mind? I'm banking on Brighton on this one. Tottenham are still rediscovering themselves when they're blowing hot and cold and I think Brighton are playing some good football and the confidence is there. If they have other kids scoring three goals in the next game the confidence there, the groove is there. So they'll cause Tottenham problems. But the highlight will be Liverpool Arsenal 12. We have forgotten about that one. Okay tell me if I put you on the spot to give a prediction on that one between Arsenal and Liverpool which one will you go for? As much as I would hate to give it to Arsenal statistically they are going to win tomorrow. I hate to say this but they are playing good football. For you? I will say it but I want Liverpool to win. Liverpool Arsenal will come back next weekend with these two to talk about that one because time is not on our side. We also have another interview with also the chairman of the Kenya Beach Volleyball Commission Mr. Moses in Bude is here in studio with us. Let's finish up there for the fans until next time and Robert Russell when we come back it will be all about beach volleyball.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor education. I would like to continue talking about the Newton-Leibniz formula for integrating, for getting the value of definite integrals. Today I will just talk about a couple of examples. Now, this lecture is part of the course of Advanced Mathematics for teenagers and high school students. It's presented on Unizor.com. I suggest you to watch this lecture from that website because every lecture has very detailed notes and some lectures or some topics rather have exams. So you can just take exam and the site is completely free. So, first of all, let me just remind you Newton-Leibniz formula. So, if you want to find the value of definite integral of function f at x on the segment from a to b, which you can always consider as an area under curve, which represents the graph of function. Now, this is equal to where capital F is any indefinite integral or antiderivative from the function lowercase f. Okay, so I have derived this formula in the previous lecture and today I'm going to use it for a couple of concrete examples. I start with examples which I was using before when I introduced the concept of definite integrals as a limit of Riemann sums, if you remember. We divided the segment into little pieces, into n pieces and had this sum, let me just remind you limit, sum of f of xi delta xi from 1 to n where n goes to infinity and delta x goes to 0. So, we have divided our segment a, b into n parts and then we can calculate this expression and go to the limit and that's where I was actually using two particular examples to derive basically the value of definite integral. Now, I will do exactly the same two examples in a couple of more, but these two examples I will use to demonstrate how easy it is to use this Newton Leibniz formula to calculate versus whatever I was doing before when I did really, according to the definition of definite integral. So, I really divided the segment into n pieces, calculated the sum and then took the limit as the number of intervals goes to infinity. Okay, so let me just do these couple of examples. First, I have a function f of x is 10x and the segment is 0, 4. So, basically it's this. So, this is 4, this is 40 and this is 10x and we need the area under this graph. And obviously, I know that we all know geometry, this is a triangle, we can always calculate the area of triangle, it's 4 times 40 which is 160 divided by 2 is 80, yes, we know that. But in any case, I would like to use integral to calculate this area. Now, again, before when I was doing it this way, I divided this into n pieces, calculated the sum, went to a limit and got the same h, obviously. But now I will do it easier. I will just do this Newton Leibniz formula. Now, first of all, what is indefinite integral of 10x? Well, obviously this is 5x square. Well, I will not use the plus c because I will have this difference and c and minus c will obviously cancel out. So, this is indefinite integral from 10x. Why? Because the derivative of this is what? 5 times derivative of x square. The derivative of x square is 2 and x to the power of 1, so it's 2x, so it's 5 times 2 times x, which is 10x. So, my integral from 0 to 4 10x dx equals to 5x square, which is 4 square minus 5 0 square. So, this is function 5x square. I just substitute the upper limit of integration and lower limit, which is equal to 16 times 580. You see how easy it is and how fast? All you have to know is this. So, if the function is relatively known, simple, whatever else, and we can really come up with indefinite integral with anti-derivative of the function, so the function derivative of which will be equal to our function f, lower case f, then the whole thing is really easy. Next problem. Now, this is another example from the lecture where I was using this approach. And again, it was really kind of difficult, but anyway, this is what? From minus 1 to 1. So, it's this. It's a piece of parabola, and we had to calculate the area under parabola. Now, our answer, I do remember it because I think it was 4 third, this area. Okay. Now, this is a simple function, just a power function, and we know how easy it is to have an indefinite integral from this. Definite integral from minus x squared will be minus x cubed divided by 3, right? Minus will give you this. Derivative of x cubed would be 3x squared. 3 will cancel with this, so it will be only x squared. Now, I have to put plus x because derivative of x is 1, and that would give me 1, right? So, this is my indefinite integral, and all I have to do is substitute 1 and minus 1 into this formula to get the answer, right? So, the integral is equal to function of 1. It's minus 1 third plus 1, right? Minus function f of minus 1. Well, let me open parentheses here. Okay, so I have to put minus, minus 1 cubed divided by 3, plus minus 1, right? If I substitute minus 1, that's what I will have. Oh, God! So, what is this? This is minus 1, and this minus, it will be plus 1. So, it's 1 third minus 1, and this is minus in front of it, and I have minus, minus 1 third plus 1. So, if I will open the parentheses, it will be minus 1 third plus 1, minus 1 third plus 1, which is equal to 2 minus 2 third, right? Which is 6 thirds minus 2, which is 4 thirds. Right, exactly the same thing as I wanted to get. Again, what was the most difficult part of this problem to find the indefinite integral, to find antiderivative? But it's not really very difficult if the function is so simple. And then I have a couple of other problems which are not related to the previously solved problems. So, I don't really have any kind of answer which I have to match. But they are very interesting, I would say, because they have some physical sense. So, the problem number 3 is, there is a car which is moving with this speed. At some point, it starts slowing down to zero. So, the driver hits the brakes. Now, after 10 seconds, the car stops. Now, it's given that every second, the car is losing the same part of the speed. So, the speed is going from 20 to zero linearly. It's absolutely linearly slowing down. So, I didn't really specify even the function, right? And what's necessary to determine is the distance which the car actually went from this speed to a complete stop, if it took 10 seconds. So, my first part of the problem is basically put it into language of mathematics, right? So, if the car is losing its speed, gradually, equally every second from 20 to zero, and it took 10 seconds, it means that my function which describes speed, well, let's use V, usually in physics we are using V or T, is equal to 20 minus 10T, right? When T is equal to zero, I am at 20. When T is equal to 10, okay, I made a mistake, that's two. So, when T is equal to 10 seconds, it will be 20 minus 20 which is zero, and the function is linear, which basically gives us what we wanted to have as a gradual diminishing of the speed equal part of the speed is lost on each unit of time. Okay, that's given. So, we have the speed as the function of time. Now, what is the distance? Now, you remember that if the speed is constant and the time is whatever it is, then the distance would be multiplication of speed times time, right? But that's only if V is constant, what if V is changing? It means that the first second, the car will go longer than during the second second, because the speed goes down, down, down. And at the very end, the car during the last second will cover a very small distance, because the speed will be very small. Now, how to transfer it into integrals? Okay, here the definition of the integral actually helps, because I will do exactly the same as I was doing during the area under curve calculations to come up with the concept of the integral. So, basically I would like you to understand the following. We come up with some kind of an integral as a formula which represents the answer to our problem using the definition of the integral as a limit of certain sums, etc. But then we calculate this integral using the Newton's Leibniz formula. So, again, we are using the definition to formulate our problem mathematically. But then we are using the Newton's Leibniz formula to calculate the real value of this integral. So, how can I approach this and get the integral actually which represents this distance? Well, very simply, let's just divide this into n pieces. Now, during a certain interval of time we assume that the speed is not really changing significantly. So, if this is delta Ti, if I will consider the speed to be Vi in this particular interval, then this is the distance covered during this small interval. Then I have to summarize them and then I have to limit as number of intervals goes to infinity and each interval shrinks to zero, right? So, that's basically a definition of the integral. Now, what is Vi? Well, Vi is the speed on the i's interval, right? So, I know if my i is actually the number of seconds. So, I can basically say that Vi is equal to the formula basically 20 minus Ti, right? Times 2. So, I have a formula now that this is my V as a function of the time and this gives me as a limit integral from 0 to 10 seconds my speed which is 20 minus 2T dt. So, delta Ti is converted into dt and Vi is basically the function which represents my speed. So, we have mathematically expressed the distance which the car covers during this period of time. Now, all we need to do is let's forget about this preamble and let's just calculate it. So, what is this? Now, f of T which is indefinite integral of this is equal to how to get 20. I have to put 20T. How to get 2T? It's derivative of T square. So, it's minus T square. So, that's my formula for indefinite integral for antiderivative. And so, all I have to do is to put limits of integration. So, for 10, it would be 20 times 10 minus 10 square. And for 0, it would be minus 20 times 0 plus 0 square. This is 0, this is 0, this is 100, this is 200. So, the answer is 100 meters. And that's how long this car from 20 meters per second will cover until 0 speed. If the time it took is 10 seconds. Now, obviously, it's assumed that in this particular case the driver slows down gradually and equally on every period of time. So, the amount of speed which is lost during the time T is proportional to time T. So, the first second it will lose 2, the second second it will lose 2 meters per second. So, it will be, on the first second it will be, after first second it will be, from 20 it will go down to 18, then to 16, then to 14, etc., after each second. Okay. And my last problem is related to spring. This is the spring in its initial position. Now, if I would like to extend it, I have to basically have some force which is pulling the spring, right? And there is a Hooke's law which says something like this. Where F is the force, K is some kind of a coefficient which depends on the spring. Different springs have different coefficients, but it's just a constant which defines the spring. And X means extension of the spring. So, if you would like to extend it a little bit, then it's proportional to amount you would like to extend. So, if you would like to extend it by, I don't know, let's say by 1 centimeter, it's 1 force. If it's by 10 centimeters, it's 10 times greater force. Now, obviously it's not absolute, but in certain approximation it's the right law. So, we assume that this is the law. Alright. Now, my question is, let's just assume that K is equal to 0.5. Again, it's a characteristic of the spring, doesn't really matter, some kind of constant. And I would like to extend this spring by 1.1 meter. So, from X equal to 0 to X equals to 0.1 meter. I would like to extend it by this particular period. Now, what's interesting about this? In the beginning, when I'm extending only by 1 millimeter, for instance, my force should be very, very weak, right? Because I'm just a little bit extending. And the more I'm extending, the next 1 millimeter would be more and more difficult. Because the spring requires this type of force to hold it, let's say, at point 1 millimeter. It's 1 force, but at point 10 millimeters, it's 10 times greater force, right? Well, considering that the length would be 10 times more. So, my force is changing. Now, my task is to determine amount of work which I have to extend to extend the spring. I have to make this type of work, all right? So, this amount of work I have to calculate. Now, what is work? Well, if you remember your physics course, work is, if you have some kind of a force which is applied on a distance s, it's just the multiplication. So, if you have force of 1 Newton on 1 meter, the work will be 1 Newton times 1 meter, which in physics is called a Joel. That's unit of work. But again, that's in case f is exactly the same during entire distance s. Here, it's different, because in the beginning, force is very small. At the end, force is bigger. So, that's definitely an invitation for using integrals. So, how can we use integrals? Well, very simple, the same thing. We divide this into n pieces. And what can I say about work which is supposed to be produced on the ice interval? Well, it's equal to ice force times delta xi. Now, what is ice force? This is the force which is extending spring by xi, right? So, this is equal to k xi. Because, you know, the force is proportional to extension of the spring. So, this would be my xi. This little piece would be delta xi. And I assume that the force is not changing significantly from this to this, which means that I can use this formula for one individual amount of work which is supposed to be performed during this ice interval. Now, I have to summarize it together, and I have to limit as n goes to infinity. Same thing, and we have integral here, obviously. So, we have integral from zero to, what's my maximum extension? 0.1. Now, this is kx dx, right? Well, k actually, I know, it's 0.5. So, here is the integral which represents amount of work which we are supposed to perform to extend the spring. Now, what is this? How can I get x? x is one half of x square derivative, right? So, we have 0.5. Then, again, x square divided by 2, and that would be from 0.1. So, I have to put 0.1 here, square, minus 0.5, 0 square divided by 2, because the lower limit is 0. So, this is 0, this is 100, and this is 0.25, 0.0025, right? So, that's my answer. I think this is the unit. That's how it's spelled, I believe. Not sure. Joe, that's in the standard physics, we are using certain standard system of units. The force will be in newtons, for instance, the distance will be in meters. Amount of work will be in newton meters, which is, by definition, a Joe. In any case, that's the physics part of it, which might actually come handy in the future. In any case, I wanted to present you a few problems with one very important purpose. To state the problem mathematically, you need the definition of the integral as limit of the sum of individual pieces, which are multiplication of the value of the function times increment of the argument. To formulate. Once it's formulated, once you have obtained the integral, then the formula, Newton-Libnitz formula, is extremely handy, and it gives you the answer almost immediately, provided you know how to get the indefinite integral and the derivative of the function lowercase f. Like in this case, or actually all cases which I was considering were related to power functions, and for power functions, indefinite integral is very simple. So basically, let me think. Well, basically that's all I wanted to present for you today. Important are two things. Number one, you have to be able, using your knowledge about the problem, you have to be able to express it in terms of integral. And the second thing, you have to remember this very simple formula, Newton-Libnitz formula, which obviously can be used in case you know what's the indefinite integral from the function which you are integrating. Okay, that's it. I recommend you to read the notes for this lecture. The notes are on Unisor.com, right next to the lecture. And maybe you should actually do yourself these problems. Notes actually present the problem and solution, but don't pay attention to solution for a while. Try to do it yourself. That would be very helpful. Okay, that's it. Thanks very much and good luck.


Income tax 2022-2023. Child and dependent care expenses credit. Can you claim the credit? Part number two. Let's do some wealth preservation with some tax preparation. Most of this information comes from publication 503. Child and dependent care expenses tax year 2022. You can find on the IRS website, irs.gov, irs.gov. Looking at the income tax formula, we're at the bottom in the credit area. Remember, in the first half of the income tax formula is an essence and income statement, although a strange one, the bottom line being the taxable income similar to the net income in a normal income statement. We then calculate the tax on that, not with one rate, not with a flat tax, but with a progressive tax system to get to the tax before credits and other taxes. Then we're gonna be dealing with those credits and other taxes like the self-employment tax. Then we're gonna be.


Aaron, once again, the offense was an issue. What made a Valdez so tough tonight? Well, he's always capable of being tough. Obviously, a hard throw, a cutter, split, curveball. I actually thought we had a lot of good at bats, from especially the top half of the order, and got ourselves into some situations where we had a chance to score. Just couldn't get that big one tonight. So he was able to hold us off enough there. But when you're not hitting a ton of long balls, you've got to be able to cash in when you get those opportunities. When you look at the offense as a whole, they did have some hits. You mentioned guys on base, but 15 strikeouts tonight as a team. Does that tell you just good pitching on the other side, or the offense needs to change their approach a bit? Well, I thought especially the guys out of the pen, I thought through the ball really well for them tonight. Again, strikeouts are a part of this, and we've got to continue to work hard, especially in those situations when we have some traffic. I thought a lot of good at bats, especially in the first inning where Geo ends up blind and out to end that inning. So we just got to keep building off some small successes we're having and hopefully break through here. What did you think of Michael King and the way that he bounced back after that first inning? Yeah, I thought it was really good. It was really good to see. He got really pitch efficient, really started attacking the strike zone with all his pitches, was working fast, and I thought got into a really good rhythm. Obviously, the O2 mistake to Devers cost him, but after that, I thought he threw the ball really well.