webinar you are not able to talk as an attendee. There is a Q&A box at the bottom of your screen. Please feel free to drop your questions in there and we will get to as many as we can at the end. This is an official webinar of the CNCF and as such is subject to the CNCF Code of Conduct. Please do not add anything to the chat or questions that would be in violation of that code of conduct. Basically please be respectful of all your fellow participants and presenters. Please also note that the recording and slides will be posted later today to the CNCF webinars page at cncf.io slash webinars.  Take it away. Thank you Rishi. And hello all. This is Abhi. So today we are going to cover using cupid intelligence right before we begin. All right so about myself I'm an author, speaker and blogger. I'm an open source contributor. I work primarily in a Linux foundation edge project called Ekino and I will be taking case study from Ekino edge tech and I'm working as DMTS which is distinguished member of technical staff in CTO 5G team in Vipro. All right so here's the agenda for today. First I'm going to start with the current challenges in telco especially from a vnf and cnf hosting perspective and then after going through the challenges we will see how does your cupid fits and how does cupid helps in addressing some of those challenges right. So that way I will be summarizing what Google cupid is going to play in telco world and after that we will see a case study on cupid like how does it actually work right and it will have a setup steps sessions and at the end we will have a key takeaways where I will summarize on current cupid status and from telco perspective right and that will be the key message from this presentation. All right so let's get started from current challenges perspective okay so the first one is legacy applications are not going to go away very soon right now though cloud native computing adoption is growing at a very fast pace but there are situations like applications which can't be standardized because either there's no source code or maybe they they're not architected for containers and in many cases they are using some proprietary OS it could be from telco vendor or from somewhere else or maybe some operating system which is not supported in container world right. So this is one of the category of legacy application which can't be standardized and second category is non-replaceable legacy apps right so though everyone if there is a legacy app which can't be standardized then the next logical conclusion is that why not replace it with something modern right and something which is cloud native and and maybe the upgraded version of the application and so on but in few cases there are applications which can't be replaced either because they are like 20 years old even they are given from a small vendor which is no more present right so there could be several scenarios so the summary from this slide is that legacy applications will be there I mean having 100 cloud native world is kind of myth now second challenge is about vnf right so though everyone so before we get into vnf let me first cover what is vnf and cnf so it all started from pnf right which is physical network function so in telco world you have all kind of network function right some something like firewall routers those are very commonly used network functions and earlier they were present in terms of appliance right and they were called pnf physical network function right now the challenge with pnf was they were very difficult to scale so if you want to scale it you have to buy more appliances and you have to manage it individually right because they were like all in a box kind of solution right and then came vnf which was virtual network function right where the hardware and software segregation was done right so then so let's say if it is a firewall then firewall was given as vnf which you can run on any of the x86 hardware right but still it was a vm based so it was virtual machine based and the most commonly used open source platform for vnf hosting is open style right and now after vnf came cnf which is cloud native network function right so or container native network function some people call it that way also so in cnf what happened i mean these virtual network function which were like vm based they were kind of converted into container based now in this vnf and cnf transition what happened i'm coming back to my previous slide the conversion from vnf to cnf is very long i mean it is very not very straightforward and everyone knows if i have to convert a monolithic application to microservices based application i have to do sometime entire rewrite of the application and in telco world this becomes even more difficult because performance is one of the key criteria right so so there is longer like longer cycle of vnf to cnf conversion right second is cnf is still evolving so as of today it's not like a 5g core is 100 cnf there are still some vnf present there and even if we manage to convert entire 5g core into cnf the 4.5g or the anti advance is going to be there for a decade or more right because 5g the way right now things are happening right we have 3g and 4g both and 3g is kind of getting phased out now where 5g is already rolled out right so so what is going to happen for next several years we are going to have both so we are going to have lt advance as well as 5g that means vnf which were introduced in in lt advance will still be there and we have to manage vnf right we cannot have cnf in lt advance right and last point is that kubernetes is still adopting to telco specific requirement so there is a in cncf also we have a dedicated telecom user group right which is focusing on this kind of work right so the key message here is that having a world where only cnf are present is not going to happen very soon right there will be vnf and cnf both now i have briefly covered this slide but the other message from this slide is that right now there is no single hosting platform for vnf and cnf both right so if i want to host vnf i have to go with open stack right and if i have to host cnf of course i mean the the multiple option i'm just covering open source based option so if i have to host cnf i will have to go with kubernetes right but will it be uh i mean it will be really good if kubernetes itself can become a single hosting platform so is it really possible to use kubernetes to host both vnf as well as cnf in other words what what we are saying is can kubernetes host my containers and my virtual machine inside containers right so i mean it's like uh reversing the way things were done so earlier you were running container on top of virtual machine now we want a virtual machine to run inside containers okay coming to next challenge in terms of mec platform so right now we don't have single mec platform mec stands for multi access edge computing right so in mec you have all kind of scenarios right so in mec if it is for private network you will have vnf to be deployed right and if it is for let's say uh for enterprise applications and edge kind of deployment let's say far edge deployment then you will have uh some virtual machine based application to be hosted or container based application to be hosted there might be some cnf also from private network perspective right so mec is going to have a mix of all so mec will mec platform will have vnf hosted cnf hosted and some third party applications which are either container based or vm based right now uh there is no native support for virtual machine hosting in kubernetes everyone knows that right uh so kubernetes is container orchestration platform it was kind of designed and developed for that purpose only right and now if you want to fix these kind of scenarios where we want capabilities for vm and container both so vm hosting can be done with open stack dcn kind of architecture and container hosting can be done with kubernetes but the problem is if i go with two mec platform right uh then i'm kind of increasing complexity for my mec platform management i'm also increasing the cost right so it the real question is can we have just one mvc platform that will satisfy both the needs okay so uh with this uh let's see what is kubernetes so kubernetes helps in answering some of those questions so kubernetes is a cncf sandbox project and this is a logo of kubernetes uh it helps in marrying virtual machines and container world and it allows us to run vms inside a pod okay so the the major difference here is what we are saying that it's okay if we are not able to get rid of vm because everyone wants to get rid of vm and come to container world but it's okay if we can't do that what we want to do here in kubernetes bring that vm as vm okay so let's say if there is a windows virtual machine i want to run windows virtual machine inside my kubernetes cluster as is i mean i still want to do remote desktop to virtual machine and do all the operation the way i'm doing right now right but i want the flexibility and benefit of kubernetes there right scalability benefits and the single management benefit so that's objective here in kubernetes and kubernetes helps in uh eventual containerization what is easy uh so eventual containerization is uh all about cloud native adoption stages right so when some organization is on their cloud native adoption journey there will be uh let's say percentage adoption where uh if they have 100 application they will containerized uh maybe 20 application in the beginning 80 will still run in non-container world and so on and they'll keep on increasing this ratio to i mean ideally it will be 100 percent but if not then it might be let's say 90 percent on a container and 10 percent on virtual machine the traditional way right in this eventual containerization what happens in this journey that you have your virtual machine hosting platform like hypervisor base platform and you have your container platform like kubernetes in parallel right both exist in parallel so uh the easier way is that uh we can move vm as vm so while some uh company is adopting this eventual containerization or cloud native journey they can on the day one what they can do they can simply migrate all the vm's right uh to kubernetes right and and run them as vm okay and then slowly pick up maybe uh one application at a time right and then uh try to convert that into microservices try to convert those into containers and then get rid of that vm and so on right so that way uh it's it's possible to uh remove vm hosting platform even before you're 100 percent there right so that's one of the key benefit of this concept now uh from telco perspective because that is what the objective of this session is so what is a kubernetes role in telcos how does it help so kubernetes helps in uh handling situation uh uh see i covered four five problem statements right so it helps in having single compute platform for both bnfs and cnfs and it also helps in single mec platform for uh applications which are either virtual machine based or container based and since you have single platform you can have uniform development experience you have easier management and the best part is uh you can reuse your kubernetes skills right you don't need to really maintain two sets of skills so that's a benefit now uh let's see how kubernetes runs so i'm not getting into kubernetes architecture or kubernetes component details and all i will i just want to show this uh from a real action perspective right so so this is a small case study that is based on acuno edge stack project right uh which is uh called kni kubernetes native infrastructure based edge stack in that kni edge stack we have cubert integrated right so the thing that is mentioned here is open shift 4.2 but uh open shift 4.2 is not mandatory you can use open shift open source version which is called okd right uh and that will also give the same result so uh objective here is to run windows uh let's say 2012 iso image right we want to run windows machine on kubernetes platform right and we want to see like if i have a vm-based uh application right how do i run that vm-based application inside kubernetes and why i picked uh windows because uh windows vms much more complex than uh linux one linux one is quite straightforward all right so what are the prerequisites here obviously we need our kubernetes cluster up and running whatever it is it could be open-shift it could be something else it could be kubernetes itself core kubernetes you need your iso image that you are going to use you need uh internet access to download uh few components like some binaries and all right and then uh you need uh disk space for holding the windows image and let me show you how it is done okay so these are the high-level steps okay so when someone wants to use kubernetes uh it comes as an operator okay but kubernetes alone doesn't really work i mean you have to have uh uh other surrounding systems for kubernetes okay like uh you need to have cdi and uh you need to have word ctl you need to have uh bnc so uh kubernetes does only one thing right it it helps in uh getting your vm uh kind of provision inside part right but uh to make that thing happen you need to have your let's say windows iso image or any linux image to be there right which will be used for installation to get that part we use uh two things one is word ctl another one is cdi which is container data import okay and uh then there are yaml file given there are so many sample yaml file given in kubernetes website and you can to start with you can use any of those yaml file related to your use case okay and then modify it according to your needs and from a space perspective you need to create a persistent volume right which will hold the windows installation so the way it happens is i mean just for visualization perspective see when you get a new laptop and you want to install your operating system what you do you plug your pendrive or cd or dvd inside it and then you start installation right it just boots the server and then you do the installation you do some parameter configuration and at the end you will have your windows up and running the same thing is done here right now in this case what we want we want that iso image to be available first right as some drive right drive in windows world and that iso image should be bootable it should run on its own when when uh we want to launch that instance it should run and then we will do the configuration using vnc viewer vnc viewer is one common utility that all of us know about right and after that you install windows so now the question is iso base installation is something where you have to do everything from scratch right so is this the only option for vm hosting answer is no you can as well migrate your existing vm image which might be in a format like qco to format or some other format that is also supported right so you can bring your qco to image here and then you don't need to do any installation it will simply it's like a cloning right so that is also supported so i've taken a bit complicated case and in this particular case i'm also using a chef for my storage and room operator is also used okay so chef rook will also be in picture now let's see how we do it so uh as i mentioned before there will be eight steps first step is configuring the cdi right cdi is containerized data imported so this guy does the image import okay so how do we get this image okay let me show you so uh i'm showing you the exact command here right that you need to run so if you follow this as is you will be able to run windows vm in no time all right so first is first command is just exporting the version to get the latest version okay and then you run this cdi operator right for that version and it will run very quickly it hardly takes three minutes and then once your operator is created you just create the cdi cr okay so this these two commands are good enough to do cdi configuration okay now next one is uh moving to next one now uh we are going to configure cubert right so for cubert configuration i have taken version 26 so whatever is the latest version uh when you are doing the installation you can pick the latest version at that time so first we create one namespace right so all these commands are being executed inside your kubernetes cluster right so first and i'm showing oc apply now if you're running it on kubernetes you can simply replace oc with cube ctl so you say cube ctl apply dash f and give your cubert operator file location right and cubert cl location right and uh if you're running uh this on open shift or okd then you have to run this security context uh file also right and again if you're running rook chef then you have to apply one more file okay now last two steps are not applicable if you're not using let's say chef you might be using host path or something else and the if you're not using open shift then obviously security context related to setting is also not required okay so with these two steps first two steps you are done with cubert setup now your cdi is set up your cubert is set up now you want to upload the image right how do you upload the image for image uploading you use a utility utility called word ctl okay once again take the latest version right and how do you get word ctl cubert website has word ctl utility right so you take the same version which you have taken for cubert all right and this is very much the standard process that you follow right just download it and change the execution mode to i'm just 2 plus x and it will be acceptable okay now before you run the image upload command which is word ctl image upload you need to have the upload proxy url okay now how do you get that upload proxy url so when you set up cdi right in the first step it will create this upload proxy okay so if you run cubert ctl get svc get services for your cubert namespace you will get the service created and you will have the ip of that right so you will see upload proxy url there okay take the ip from there and replace it here and in this command you also need to give pvc name and i'm using chef so i don't need to create pv right because chef root will take care of pv creation based on my storage class so i'm just giving pvc name here which is iso win 2k12 pvc then we say access mode read only money then we give some pvc size 25 gb for being on higher site but even 15 gb is good enough because typically windows image is around 10 to 12 gb so 15 gb is good and then you get the image path wherever it is present right so in my case it was present in 10 folders where i get that path and then you say insecure flag okay and then wait second for number of seconds right wait second is required so that it does not time out because sometime based on image sizes unlike linux windows image sizes are huge so let's say 14 gb 10 gb these kind of image upload runs into several minutes so by default this time out is i believe 60 seconds so if you don't increase it after 60 seconds it will simply time out so just increase that to some reasonable number maybe five minutes six ten minutes whatever okay so how does this command look like i mean what is output we get so once you run this command you get this kind of output it says using existing pvc and waiting for pvc upload what to be ready and then uploading data so the iso image without uh extract was like 4.17 gb so it uploaded 4.17 gb in one minute 13 seconds okay and what it does internally is it will create two pvcs one will be uh with the name that you give win2k12 pvc or whatever name you have given and one will be with dash scratch so scratch is like temporary space right so it copies actually on scratch folder first and then from there it copies to main folder and then scratch is removed okay so uh once this part is done your image is uploaded right where is it uploaded it is uploaded to a port now uh coming to uh the pvc creation so if you're using rook right with sef then you have to create pvc like this right and which storage class to use which i'm highlighting it right uh that you can find out from uh kubectl get storage or oc get storage right and give that appropriate storage file storage class okay so let's move on now with that what happened uh we got our image uploaded to a pv right now that pv should be mounted to your uh port right it should be that volume should be mounted right so what we do there uh and before that uh we also need vertio container disk drivers right so how do you get vertio drivers you simply run either docker pull command or podman pull command so uh this is i believe some 250 mb to 300 mb file right uh so you get this file and after this you run uh as i said in the beginning you can download any of the windows example file just to play with it just just to see how it is really working and uh so i've taken a sample file from cubert github link okay and then i'm just running that yaml file and it says vmi windows created what happens uh so it has created a vm but it is not up okay it is in shutdown mode so if you run a command cube ctl get vms oc get vms you you will say running equal to false right so to make it i mean to so so next step is you need to start the vm right so you run a command word ctl word ctl is your uh command line interface for all kind of operations okay so to start the vm simply say start vm and give you a vm name right vm name is defined inside the yaml file and then uh it will say it is scheduled to start it will take uh some time and then after some time if you run oc get vm you will see your sample vm running okay and then you will see your uh i mean when you do oc get vmi vm instance that will be hosted inside uh some part right so when you say oc get vmi it says sample vm five minutes it's running from five minutes you will see the ip and you'll see the node also where it is running right so with this uh your vm is started now your windows is still not installed right because we have used iso file so iso file requires installation right so how do we do that so now we will connect to that vm using vnc viewer so you run this command word ctl vnc and give you a vm name right you need to run it from any x terminal like mobile x term or any other software right so uh and if you get some error like remote we are not found then obviously you need uh word viewer installation okay so once your word viewer is installed then uh the vnc will show this kind of output and this is very much similar to the output that you see on your laptop right when you do your windows configuration for the first time so after this obviously you know all the steps you just do next and start giving different different steps uh different configuration okay now here since you're running uh inside pod and all the your keys will not work right so you have to use all these tabs space bar and the traditional old way you have to do this okay and once uh you're done it will restart your vm and there is a nice video also on cubert website i've given the link you can have a look at that video that video talks about how to use those vertio drivers which one is supports and how to select the right vertio driver all that is given in this website uh you can refer to that and after successful installation you will see screen similar to below right of course you will not see congratulation message but yeah you will see the familiar windows screen and you can access it the way you wanted to where where you are used to use windows now let's alert part from this particular setup one that putting vm inside a pod results in nested virtualization in fact uh you have to enable nested virtualization then only it works right hence it has some performance overhead right and a cuber team is working on improving that part and there are so many features which are working progress like uh in traditional uh vm world right you are you can easily change your cpu memory right on the fly but here it is uh not allowed till now right and next point the key lesson is that uh you should run this image upload from masternode so don't run it from any bastion host or other host which is not master and always use the latest version of cubert okay some of the common challenges here uh rookship permission issue uh was there i mean which i faced and because of which image was not getting uploaded okay and to fix that i have already shown uh we need to run one script which is given and then there was some bug related to vnc due to which uh whenever i was launching the vm it was kind of coming and going right away i mean so you will see that yeah some windows machine is there but you will not see that for more than a few seconds so that was uh some bug in cubert and upgrading cubert help in fixing this so upgrading cubert is very simple job very straightforward single command job so upgraded to latest version and that issue was gone in fact that that's why i uh suggest to always use the latest version okay and uh few i mean sometime this cluster operator also gets degraded authentication operator and and you just need to fix that so that you don't get this no root to host error okay these are common challenges some of the key takeaways so cubert as you know it's maturing at very fast pace so obviously a lot of changes happening things are improving day by day some issues are expected that is fine because it's still uh it is not graduated it is still a sandbox project but the good part about cubert is and that is one thing i would suggest everyone to join cubert's slack channel and there we have a lot of people who are there to respond to your queries almost immediately right and i'm also uh i also want to recommend this examples website right which has so many examples that you might want to try right so let's say three different linux version hosting or five different widows vm hosting options and also all those examples are already there very good documentation and very good slack channel now the key question is from telco perspective see in my previous case study if you were having let's say a cube code to image right in fact cubert has a vm migration option also right it has some condition but yeah it works okay so you don't need to really do iso based installation you can do vm migration okay and from telco perspective there are some features which are listed on the left right you see here so you need all these features to be available so that we can call it telco ready so huge page support since since cubert runs on top of kubernetes so uh some of it are related to kubernetes itself right so whether kubernetes supports that at the first place if yours then whether the same thing is now extended till cubert or not right like sri so it was there in kubernetes and now cubert also supports sri with some way and uh i want to mention one more thing that uh in this case study you have seen i was doing a lot of steps like cdi operator and word ctl and all that so there is a work going on in parallel which is called opinionated cubert right where hyperconverged operator at co is created which is like operator of operators right which will take care of all these operators okay so you don't need to really worry about setting up four different operators and then your final thing comes up right so that opinionated cubert is one thing you can search for and get more details all right so coming back to is cubert telco ready right so huge base support it is there sri ov support is also there cpu pinning numer support yes and multi interface support using multis it is there live migration uh work in progress kind of thing where it is supported with some condition hot plug hot plug is uh the feature where you uh change your cpu or memory on the fly right so that is not there right now and then another important feature that we are so habitual in virtual machine world right in hypervisor world which is fencing right where if a host like let's say esxi host goes down then your virtual machine uh automatically moves to other available esxi host right so that note failure let's say in this case if my uh virtual machine is running on worker node one right and if worker node one goes down what happens to my virtual machine which is running inside a pod will it automatically go to let's say worker node two and run automatically the way pod runs right in fact expectation is that it should right and that's where the kubernetes benefit comes into picture so it is partially supported now as of today and coming to next feature which is arm 64 support so it is about running it on running cuba don uh that's a raspberry pi kind of devices so that is not supported as of now and the last one is gpu and fpga support so this is also work in progress and i think this will be the feature which will come up very soon maybe in next few weeks or very soon actually so i think it is in final testing phases and also gpu and fpga support will come okay so that shows the cuba readiness from telco perspective okay now we can go to questions so christian yeah yeah thank you so much for a great presentation okay we'll just go ahead and jump into it we have a lot of questions so we'll get to as many as we can here um robson asks why does mec require vnf and cnf please could you provide examples to clarify this point okay so uh see mec is used primarily for two purposes right one is for hosting your applications right but in certain cases one of the form of mec could be that you want to have your private network deployed right and in let's say private 5g deployment there are three or four different deployment architectures in private 5g where you can have all the setup everything running at the customer premise or you can have something running at far edge and that's where the edge coming into picture right so you can have maybe your towers and all set up in customer premise but your the control plane running from far edge not your core data center farage so in those kind of scenarios you will have and and of course that core which is running at far edge to cater to multiple private networks will be like core data center right but it is outside your core data center so somewhere from far edge and in that kind of scenario you will need vnf and cnf to be hosted at far edge hope that answers great our next question is from Sergio and he dropped this in the Q&A and in the chat um what about ACLs and security groups like open stack also multiple interfaces and support so i mean since cubert related things like VMs runs on top of the Kubernetes right so the management part is more or less same as Kubernetes so you can use all those management primitives that you use in Kubernetes in cubert also they are not much different actually okay um arthur asks um might be a silly question and i know you cover this earlier in your slides but could you uh explain again what is a vnf and what is a cnf and what is the difference between the two okay so uh the simple example could be a firewall right f5 uh not f5 sorry any firewall follow although some firewall so that firewall in older days used to be appliance right you get a device right which is kind of black box you don't know what operating system is running there mostly it is some proprietary operating system and and you are running some software of course which is doing this firewall job and there is this box uh which you just plug into your network and you start using it so it is black box and appliance that was called physical network function so network function is any kind of uh i would say uh i think network function itself is a self-explanatory thing it could be router or and in 5g world in service oriented architecture there are so many network functions right so uh so earlier there was physical network function pnf right and then uh telco world decided that it is not good to be uh dependent on appliances right because scalability is not possible there so why not move hardware separately and software separately right so then uh what they did vnf came virtual network function where they is accepted the software out of it okay and that software was then given as let's say ova file in vmware world or some image which you can import in your hypervisor right and you have your file word running let's say pf sense firewall it's a it's a vnf which is open source so now that pf sense firewall is not dependent on any specific appliance right you can run it on your laptop also right so as long as you have uh of course you need to meet the requirement of network because because there is heavy throughput requirement and all but then the hardware dependency is removed then came cnf so cnf and vnf is something that we can easily understand so cnf is uh container native network function right so where instead of using virtual machine based image why not have some Docker images and all right so why not use containers and deploy it inside the Kubernetes or some container orchestration platform so that is cnf so same firewall which was coming as an appliance is called pnf when it started coming as a software image again image not something that you do next next and so not that one but the image okay that is pnf and then the same thing when it comes as a Docker image that is cnf so hope that answers the long answer so awesome no worries um okay this it was from michael he also asked this in the chat in the q&a so we saw you both there michael um are there any slash many examples of cube for it being used in production that you mentioned please oh that's a very good question so right now uh the biggest hurdle i mean i have already shown the cube bird readiness from telco perspective and uh from telco perspective the biggest hurdle is performance right so yeah if you have worked on telco area you will know that uh there is a requirement of faster practice processing right and there so you're already doing nested virtualization right so uh you're running let's say there might be cube on cube kind of scenario also right where Kubernetes itself is running on cubert right so uh in nested virtualization your performance is affected so so in this case i think the biggest hurdle is getting the telco great performance right and that's where the major work is happening how to get the telco great performance and i would like to highlight that in june end there was a nice webinar in cncf on high packet process faster packet processing in cubert i would suggest to look at that and in terms of production deployment i think we are getting there i mean i don't have that information but in telco world we are still not there just because of one region which is performance but i also want to highlight that apart from these faster packet processing kind of cnf sorry vnfs there are some control plane network function right which which really don't require too much of faster processing and all so cubert is good for those kind of scenarios and cubert is good for third party application hosting but for telco great packet processing or like core related thing it'll take maybe a few months or more to be there okay alan asks is container d planned to be supported container d i have no idea i need to check but yeah i can check from cubert and you can also check it from slack channel of cubert right now it works on kubernetes great um bilaji asks um can i install vnf on cubert and orchestrate it with cnf running in a k8 cluster absolutely absolutely in fact uh that is the whole purpose that uh you deploy cnf cnf deployment is straightforward right uh you get the docker image from wherever you can get and just deploy the docker image using your kubernetes way now then you get vnf and vnf deployment can be done using cubert so then your vnf and cnf both will be hosted in same k8 cluster all right randy asks can you run an ova image to instantiate a vm yes ova image based migration is supported here so we can do uh let's say uh one image is running on your hypervisor and there are two three formats that are supported i need to check the documentation i want to i don't want to make generic comment here but uh qco2 image is certainly supported and iso image is supported ova uh can be migrated right so from vmware world we can migrate ova file from so there is a migration process basically that is that is supported okay great um robson asks um in step three the image upload this is a docker image is this a docker image or a regular vm image okay so in image upload i am uh i was using iso image which you can get from windows uh microsoft website the normal iso file but uh so it is not docker image uh and not to be anything it is iso image but iso is not the limitation as i said uh you can have a qco2 image also or you can in fact migrate your vm as is from your source and that image is loaded okay great uh bala asks um how are the network challenge how are the network challenges taking care when running hybrid workload with windows and linux does it use different cni for both workloads no no so in fact uh this multis cni right which is used for multiple interface support and which is one of the requirement in tango world which is same i mean multis cni is uh multis network plugin is used uh so there's no separate plugin for windows or linux in fact most of the things that kubernetes remains kubernetes level remains same it runs on top of kubernetes okay um how is how is defined the number of containers and the hardware resources involved in this vm implementation okay so i think if i understood the question correctly it's about like how do we do the capacity sizing right how do we know what should be the cpu or memory so uh if that is the question then answer is uh you just go with uh your source side setup right so if your source has let's say 8 gb memory and whatever 8 core cpu then you can use 8 gb memory and 8 core cpu here and obviously uh it looks very much higher on higher side uh from container perspective right but that is how these vm runs right they they are more resource intensive all right um panney asks uh do we have a sample performance data on percentage of overhead of vm running in a pod versus running natively as a cnf no no that as far as i remember no i haven't seen okay and we got your question mark in the chat and also in the q&a here it says you mentioned nested virtualization a pod is not virtualization is simply a set of native space gates that constrain visibility of resources combined with c groups which gate resource allocation you have pods and containers linux processes where does nested virtualization come into play are you assuming that the pods are actually hosted by the vm's so nested virtualization comes when you get your vm running inside pod because for running vm you need kvm kind of thing right so cubert also relies on kvm so kvm liberty everything is there those dem and run inside pod right for every single vmi instance you will have your kvm instance also and that requires one nested virtualization parameter to be enabled okay peat move in here so we can get the last to you in and randy asks can you elaborate on the performance issues slash requirements with telco apps okay so one of the performance thing is a faster packet processing right so sriov support or huge base support all these are steps towards getting into that stage where we get telco grade career grade performance right so sriov support also helps in that but since sorry since you are not running it directly the way you are running it in bare metal and all you're running it through i mean you're passing through kubernetes right so that's why it is not it is having those performance issues even even you will you can note that performance issue even when you run a simple windows machine right so when you run the windows machine and you try to operate it you will feel the difference i mean it will not be as your experience will not be as same as what you get it in some other hypervisor world right so and and as as i said in my session that it is okay to run let's say third party application which are still relevant to let's say MEC okay not not vnfs but MEC apps they can be executed right because performance is not the criteria all the time right in all kind of so it's not telco is not all about faster packet processing there are telco applications or MEC application which which do not require faster pocket processing that that part is already done by upf and out so yep all right and we have time for just one more question here um can you resume all the software we need to run the solution beyond the kubernetes cluster is it possible to migrate hyper vvm running to the solution okay so i would say for so two parts to this question what are softwares required so i would say just look into kubernetes documentation or look into github page for opinionated kubernetes where you don't really need to worry about cdi and word ctl and everything because those are already taken care those are already merged and you can do that very easily this installation part and second part the hyper v based migration so i know that very recently it has started supporting migration from vmware world which is not hyper v it is sxi based but hyper v i'm not sure it supports a vmware based hypervisor vm migration okay great well thank you again everyone um pretending this webinar thank you to abhi for the presentation um abhi is there a place that um maybe you want to go back to your slide that has the slack and information for kubernetes just for folks we can display that last year perfect awesome so feel free to connect um offline here with abhi um on kubernetes i'm sure he would love to answer more of your questions and i know there were a lot we tried to get to as many as we could today um a friendly reminder that the uh recording in the slides will be posted later today to the cncf webinars page that cncf.io slash webinars um we hope to see you at a future cncf webinar and thanks again everyone have a great day thank you all thank you missy bye


This is stock number 70250A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Dodge and Dodge Journey headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2017 Dodge Journey Crossroad Plus all-wheel drive. This vehicle has the 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this one is 100% ready to go. Redline 2 Pearl is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. If you want to check out all the photos on this journey in the upper right hand part of your screen is the link right to our website. It comes with the 18-inch, 19-inch Cumho Solis 22555R19 tires and need 19-inch painted alloy rims. No scuffs or scrapes on them. And these tires look like they have right around 50 to 60% of the tread left on them. Front fender is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. You do get the blacked out headlight bezels, factory fog lights, and the front bumper is in excellent shape. The crossroads package is going to give you this chrome-like finish on the front grille or front bumper and then the black crosshair grille in the front as well and those blacked out headlight bezels. The hood is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. Very nice. And the passenger side front fender. No dents or dings on that. Passenger side rim. No scuffs or scrapes there. Looks really good. And down the rest of the side of the vehicle. Very very clean. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the vehicle, you can hear the vehicle, and you can have confidence in what you were looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. And that is why we offer the Summit Auto FastPass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade all from the comfort of your own home. Back rim. No scuffs or scrapes on there. And the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. Four-wheel disc brakes on here. And back to that FastPass. When you get here all you got to do is drive the vehicle of it because you'll have seen the video, know your payment quote, and have the whole deal worked out. You drive it, love it. You'll be all set to go. Has the dual rear exhaust, rear bumper. Very very clean. It does have the backup parking sensors. Back storage area is very clean as well. It has the third row seating. Those seats fold down really nice and flat. To get them back up just grab this strap here. Comes up like so. There's a storage container underneath here and then that's where your jack tools are as well. You can see the rear shocks are doing a great job holding that gate up. That shuts nice and solidly and that gate is absolutely perfect. As we get on the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. No denser dings on that rear quarter. And for full disclosure this back rim. No scuffs or scrapes on that. Looks really good. And down the rest of this side very very clean. So this one does have the enter and go system. You just have to put your hand in the handle there. And if you got the key on your pocket in your pocket or on you it'll automatically unlock those doors. You do get heated power mirrors.  No rips or tears on these seats. Both of these seats are heated. You do get a power driver's seat with lumbar. Factory floor mats, auto headlamps, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. As we hop inside the vehicle here you can see that this one has 28,732 miles. You do get a digital speedometer. Outside temperature and compass display. That instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You do get the heated leather wrap steering wheel. Cruise controls on the right. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. And then audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. You do get the 8.4 touch screen radio, AM, FM, and Serious XM radio capabilities. You can see that you've got your heated seats and heated steering wheel buttons. And this is also where your backup camera shows up. You can also do your climate controls here.  I can tell you the AC works fantastic in here. If you don't like using the buttons up there, you've got more tactile buttons down here as well as a CD player and an SD card slot. And finally you've got the keyless entry here with the remote start. And that's part of the enter and go system. So just have to have this key fob on you and your doors will automatically unlock when you get up to your vehicle. Down here you get an aux and a USB jack as well. Passengers side format and seat are in excellent condition. You do get the passenger seat in floor or in seat storage, I guess you could say. The headliner is in great condition. This vehicle has never been smoked in. You got home link buttons up there for garage door security systems and lighting systems. And you got your map lights up there as well. Dash is in excellent shape too. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips, no tears back here.  Very, very clean. I don't think anybody's ever sat back here. This was a local trade-in. I know the people personally that owned it and yeah I don't think anybody ever sat back here. Anyways to get to that third row you just push that seat up like so and it'll fold up and gives you easy access to that third row. Once again I don't think anybody ever sat in those seats either. Excellent condition. That goes down like so. And you do get in-floor storage. Child safety locks on the back of the doors and the bottom of the doors all look really good as well. We will take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this journey is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 3.6-liter Pentastar V6 motor engine bay. Super clean, runs very smooth. Like I said before this journey has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this vehicle is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend it from a quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this journey or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, journeys, you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. It links more Dodge Journey videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2017 Dodge Journey all-wheel drive Crossroad Plus in Redline Pearl II. Thanks again.


Excellency Antonio Victorino, Director of General of IOM, Christian Affler, Deputy Secretary General for Economic and Global Issues at European External Action Services, Ahmed Erdem, Deputy Minister of Family in the Republic of Turkey, ladies and gentlemen. It gives me great pleasure to address this distinguished audience, to discuss the topic Unlocking the Potential of Youth to respond to the new opportunities and challenges of migration. For 18 years, this August body has been meeting at the IOM's main forum for Migration Policy Dialogue, bringing together a multitude of different stakeholders to discuss the law and policy affecting the movement of people. This year, the IOM has decided to focus on those most affected by migration, namely the world's young people, who currently constitute about a quarter of the world's population and 12% of the population of migrants worldwide. By bringing young people into the conversation, IOM is in fact leading by example, engaging those most concerned in shaping the policies that will govern their future. Ladies and gentlemen, increasingly, societies have begun to realize that while the growing youth bulge brings unique challenges, it also brings unprecedented opportunities for economic growth and social development. Harnessing the potential of youth to unlock these opportunities requires informed and inclusive policies and strategies that recognize the unprecedented awareness and engagement of youth. That is a hallmark of this generation. Investing in young people and recognizing them as leaders and change agents is absolutely necessary to achieve the required transformation into sustainable and resilient societies and to attain the sustainable development goals. Legal UN figures indicate that 90% of the world's young people live in developing countries. This inevitably means that many of these countries will struggle to meet the needs of their growing young populations, including the need for education, services, employment and social security. In fact, many of the policies affecting youth may compel them to migrate, often risking their lives in perilous journeys through the deserts and the seas rather than making migration a matter of choice. Such drivers of irregular migration include lack of meaningful and decent employment, which is known to contribute to social unrest and irregular migration. Generating sufficient employment to accommodate the growing working population is in fact a major development challenge facing all developing countries. Lack of quality education is another significant challenge confronting developing countries and an important push factor. Young people need to acquire the skills and knowledge that are relevant to the country's labor market. Poverty and instability similarly drive youth to look for better opportunities away from home. Ladies and gentlemen, increasingly it has become clear that empowering youth and investing in human capital can create a demographic dividend whereby youth become a powerful force for national development. With this in mind, Egypt is working harder than ever to empower its youth and create the foundations of a strong generation. In 2016, Egypt presidents declared the year of youth, organizing an annual dialogue for young people for all over the world, which brings together thousands of youth to discuss matters of concern to them and develop policy recommendations. These recommendations are later reviewed and implemented through line ministries. Through its 2030 vision, Egypt seeks to achieve inclusive economic and social development through the four pillars of economic development, social justice, environment, knowledge and innovation. Egypt's employment generation strategy coupled with important endeavors in the areas of innovation, technology and entrepreneurship has led unemployment to fall to its lowest level since 2003. Simultaneously, in order to make sure the job growth can keep up with the growing working age population, Egypt is working on providing access to finance for its young people. To establish micro, small and medium enterprises, recognized worldwide as a principal engine for economic growth. These initiatives promise to raise standards of living and contribute to a growing economy. Egypt is also investing in its safety net in order to protect the poorest and the most vulnerable and make sure that no one is left behind. Egypt is also currently in the process of drafting its national policy on migration management as well as a strategy and action plan on the engagement of Egyptian expatriates in all development processes in accordance with the whole of government approach. These endeavors will be discussed in more detail later today during the side event on African youth and sustainable development. Later today, we will also hear more about broader efforts on the African continent to include 1 million young people through education, employment, entrepreneurship and engagement. We look forward to exchanging best practices in this regard. Ladies and gentlemen, simultaneously, Egypt has exerted relentless efforts at the legislative and executive levels to combat illicit trafficking in persons and irregular migration, working hard to ensure that Egyptian youth do not fall prey to the criminal abuse of human smugglers. With the belief that combating this phenomenon requires a comprehensive approach, Egypt has taken important measures in effective border management while simultaneously investing in capacity building and raising awareness through the aware migrant campaign. Egypt's legislation has paid particular attention to the vulnerable situations confronting women and children and the protection of victims of illegal smuggling of migrants. Egypt is also engaged in multiple cooperation arrangements in Africa with its partners from the EU, including the Khartoum process and the EU Horn of Africa initiative. Egypt's comprehensive legal framework and strategy has succeeded in preventing any migrant boats from leaving its shores since 2016. Through our robust cooperation with IOM, we have embarked on a number of projects to enhance and upgrade vocational training centers in Egyptian government rates that were traditionally the highest sources of irregular migrants, with a view to promoting the employability of youth at risk and providing them with alternatives to irregular migration. The tragic reality remains, however, that many African youth still seek alternative routes to cross the Mediterranean with many losing their lives along this dangerous journey. With few prospects for regular pathways for migration, youth are willing to risk their lives in search for livelihoods and prosperity. Clearly, we must do more. The international community cannot remain oblivious to their sufferings. The landmark global compact on migration adopted in Marrakesh in December 2018 provides the international community with a unique opportunity built on a 360-degree approach to migration management to guarantee that migration is regular, safe and dignified. We must all work towards providing dignity and welfare for migrants through ensuring access to basic services without discrimination and facilitating access to decent work, including through recognition of foreign qualifications. We must all cooperate to promote inclusion of migrants through better respect of cultures, traditions and values of both migrants and host communities alike without discrimination. Ladies and gentlemen, young leaders of tomorrow, over the course of the coming two days, you will have the opportunity to address these most pressing issues in the course of your deliberations. You will discuss how to harness technology to better manage migration and raise awareness of the risks of irregular migration, as well as how to challenge traditional norms around youth migration. You will discuss social integration of migrants to ensure inclusive and equitable societies and how to address the environmental drivers of migration. You will discuss the future of work and how to engage diasporas to ensure development. And most importantly, we will listen to you. Those in a position to make policies will learn from the young leaders, change agents and innovators in the field and listen to the unique voices of migrants themselves. I look forward to a constructive and fruitful dialogue. Thank you very much.


Donny dollar Danny Nixon Johnny Mono guarantee insurance. Hi Danny. What's up remember Amos Crutchfield? Sure former city attorney right retired in the blaze of glory a couple of years ago after he claimed to live on the policy Racket while he's also the one who had skimpy dingles sent up Johnny about four years ago Dingle yeah, Peter form and dingle sure. I remember him well He's out board let him off early felt for that good behavior bit. Oh too bad You bet it is because you know what it means do I well Oh look Danny not one of those courtroom threats in a Crutchfield thanks and you asked me I agree with him and what's more Johnny? Yeah, we just happen okay CBS radio network brings you Mandel Kramer and the exciting adventures of the man with the action tax expense account Fabulous freelance insurance investigator yours truly Johnny dollar Expense account submitted by a special investigator Johnny dollar to the Mono guarantee insurance company home office Hartford, Connecticut Following is an account of expenses incurred during my investigation of the skimpy matter Expense account item one four eighty for a tank full of gas from my car Instead of heading straight from Mr. Crutchfield's home over in Lakewood I made a slight detour to the local parole office and you know something I'd have been perfectly content to stay there and forget all About Amos Crutchfield because the parole officer I talked to turned out a little different than I'd expected We got the official notice of Peter form and Dingles released just this morning, Mr. Dollar It's a Johnny Miss Barlow sure my name's just plain old Mary. Well now the name may be plain, but Perhaps we better talk about the skimpy Dingle first Well, there isn't really too much to tell you because he hasn't reported into it. You have no local address for him No, it's too bad. That was really my reason for stopping by Speaking of addresses though, Mary. I'll be glad to let you know as soon as he does check in good and meantime Johnny Yes, be careful, huh? Why do you say that because of what he said in court? That could apply to you as much as to Mr. Crutchfield, you know, oh, I doubt it Would you like to act as my bodyguard? You know something Johnny? You're pretty fresh my mother. Oh, I know But did she tell you how come a man like skimpy Dingle got out so soon I mean after all the parole board is a pretty intelligent group his older brother Johnny Hmm Percy Dingle. He's a Psychologist of sorts the bookworm type. Oh, it's Percy who kept skimpy out of jail in a lot of earlier lesser charges I see him and you think he convinced the parole board. I'm sure of it a man like that Who can toss around seven syllable technical terms can be pretty convincing apparently it's worth before maybe Do you have his address? Yes, here it is the Kingston Plaza on Walnut Avenue good, but why bother with him you won't like him a couple of reasons Mary If skimpy is in these parts Percy ought to know where that's true. What's the second reason Johnny? Well, if Perseus psychologist has any influence over him and apparently he does Maybe together we can show him the light Thanks, Mary. I'll see you again Some 20 minutes later. I pulled up in front of Crutchfield's home in the pretty little community of Lakewood Parked in front of it was one of the new compact cars I should have taken a better look at it or at least let the air out of the tires instead Who did this who did this to you? Oh You have to stay alert don't let drowsiness slow you down per cup per cup with no-dose The safe way to stay alert without harmful stimulants remember when you're driving working studying and Monotony makes you feel drowsy Per cup per cup with no-dose Not just Amos Crutchfield was still alive Whoever done it had broken into one of the windows there and then fired the shots and left by the window all in a matter of seconds One of the bullets had creased the old man's skull But how the other missed his heart I'll never know as I carefully lifted him up onto a couch I heard the car. I'd seen pull away I cussed myself for not having made note of its license But I hadn't and to try to pick it out from all the hundreds perhaps thousands like it in that area would be Impossible and come on operator come on operator. Listen, my name is Johnny dollar. Oh, yes, I'm at the home of mr Amos Crutchfield and we need a doctor here right away. It's an emergency All right, call him get him over here and then get hold of the police Yes, tell him to get here immediately a few minutes later. Dr. Franklin Edwards arrived looked over mr. Crutchfield Bandaged him up gave him a tetanus shot and a sedative while the old man remained unconscious I feel confident he'll recover mr. Dollar good now dr. Edwards. I must say the wing was very lucky Another inch to the left and that one bullet would have snuffed out his life. I don't doubt it now listen doctor Yeah, I've told you exactly what happened. Yes, would you stick around until the police when they get here? Well, yes, of course, I'd be glad to but well, are you leaving now mr. Dollar? You bet I am inadequacy of the police force and that queen quite ordinarily peaceful little town I realized it was up to me to find skimpy dingle and fast and his brother Percy back in Hartford Was the one who might be able to give me some information But exactly two blocks later as I approached an intersection with a stop sign on the cross street a car came barreling out of it And heading straight for me The devil's a matter with you and to see the stop sign Skimpy put down that gun. Oh, yeah. Well here's for you Don't like it skimpy sent four shots at me at close range before I could even make a grab for my own gun There's the magician that put somebody inside a basket and ran swords through it My son miracle only one of the slugs grazed me took a bite out of my left arm enough to draw blood I tore a piece off my shirt Improvised a pad to stop the bleeding and drove back to my apartment in Hartford After a quick cleanup on the arm and a Boy Scout type dressing I hope to stop any chance of infection. I put on a clean shirt and reach for the telephone Just a minute be right there I get this jacket on Coming coming Who is it? That's a dollar. That's right. Oh, you my name is Jingle Dingle Percival Dingle. All I have to say is you better be alone. Mr. Dingle. Hey, what come inside? Okay, so you're Percy Dingle. Yeah, I Can see that my brother was right.  I am are you kidding? This is completely unnecessary strong. I'm welcome into your apartment. Let's take it easy, Mr. Dingle Take it easy after this sort of treatment I had hoped you might be the sort of person with whom I could ration it You'd be surprised at how reasonable I can be when the occasion warrants it and I assure you this one All right, then sit down. Mr. Dingle sit right there. Thank you Won't you put that gun away, please? Oh, sorry Until I could be certain that you'd come here alone, Mr. Dingle You were expecting someone with me. Well, I wasn't expecting you now. What's it all about? When you speak gently as now you do appear to be a man of intelligence Well, I thank you and I hope that I can reason with you, Mr. Dollar awaken some Understanding in your heart some well-deserved sympathy for one who has been less fortunate than yourself Like home is if I need to ask Peter my younger brother Skimping I don't know if you choose to call him by that rather disparaging sobriquet I choose and I'm afraid you're not going to get much sympathy out of me, Dingle That brother of yours is writing for a fool about as hard and as fast as he can He was a hot-blooded hot-headed young tough when he got himself in trouble a few years back And I have good reason to think that he hasn't changed one bit Now if you'll excuse me will you listen to me, please afraid I won't do any good or him Peter has been in trouble more than once. I know it just as well as you do But do you know why? All right, suppose you tell me Simply because of his lack of the education that you and I were fortunate enough to receive and the guidance the constructive Behavioristic influences that inevitably are a part of sure the social adaptability in relationships That are so necessary to confirmation with our scheme of living didn't skimpy have just as good a chance for an education of some kind as You did yes, but he rebelled against it And who was to tell a child what the lack of it would do to him the social and emotional Instability with engender in him the hatred of such as you who were contributory to his incarceration in that prison Well his incarceration Apparently it didn't do him much good Why do you say that what about his hatred for the lawyer Amos Crutchfield you and he mr. Dollar Well, you and mr. Crutchfield the particular two people he feels have persecuted him You two are the ones and the only ones who can help him now. You must be joking. I'm very serious I'm a psychologist mr. Dollar. That's all I understand. I know the human mind More important. I know Peter's mind Oh, you do then why haven't you made some attempt to get him off of this crime kit all of his earlier offenses Relatively minor little more than mischievous pranks of any youngster. Oh, they were But this last one that sent him to prison Mr. Dally must believe me because I know what I'm talking about Well, that was the fulcrum that finally provided me with enough leverage That enabled me to convince him of the error of his ways. Oh, you think he's convinced now Well, isn't the fact that he was released for good behavior sufficient proof that he's made definite progress Isn't it proof that with a little help the kind of help and understanding you can give him mr. Dollar I Yes, you particularly you Because up until now mr. Dollar you have been a symbol of only one thing to him persecution I'd see and what about Amos Crutchfield that doddering old fool. You must be joking Do you think that he could understand that a man so narrowed in his regard for a boy who made a mistake That he persuaded the judge to impose a completely unjust sentence on Peter You think that a prejudiced bigoted old man like him could be of any help unjust sentence. Hmm. Yes, Mr. Dollar It was utterly unjust I'm called for it's right instead of five to seven with time off the judge should have given him 20 solid or maybe 30 You can't mean that look I've known his kind before mr. Dingell I've known a lot more of them than you ever have or ever will only you were a psychologist Mr. Dollar maybe I am just the purely practical kind not with any head up in the clouds full of lovely impractical theories the way yours seemed to be Or is it What or is all this just a bluff now wait sir because the more I think about it per se the more convinced I am that one your brother is rotten clear through no that to we got out of prison only because a smart pitch like this when you're Handing me caught the parole board in a weak moment. No, they saw the wisdom of what I told them I think you're all wrong in what you say about skimpy about any chance of his ever straightening out and I think you know it I Know that if you will see him We'll talk to him I'll come off and tell me the truth Isn't all of this just a little stunt that you've dreamed up to lead me to him to get me in range of his gun so that It can polish me off the way he tried to kill mr. Crutchfield What?  No, I don't believe it. You go and see Crutchfield in here. Have a look at this I can get my sleeve up move this bandage a bit here. There you are Mr. Delphi. Yes, one of his bullets just a few minutes ago What do you think you're poor misguided little brother now? All right. All right It it happened simply because he feels that you not only have but will continue to persecute sure But once he learns otherwise Finds out that you were on his side of willing to help him. Oh Please mr. Dal to see him talk with him believe me sir if you do that Will you please? You know where he is where I can find him. Yes, and we'll do as I ask I'll see him for only one reason mr. Dingell. Yes to turn him over to the police. No No, mr. Dollar. I couldn't do that to him So unless you agree to talk to him first with least try to understand him I won't tell you where he is. All right, then we'll have to find him ourselves, and we will goodbye mr. Dingell Mr. Dollar, let Let me do this. Yes I'll go to him. I'll tell him that you're willing to see him I'll tell him why and then if his reaction is the right the proper one I'll telephone you where he'll be waiting for you to listen to you You really honestly believe there's a cure for him, don't you? Yes. All right, then go ahead and contact him. We'll see A new port remember this hint coolness of men fall freshness of mint Could have tried a tail prissy dingle when he left the bullet wound in my arm was really kicking up And I felt kind of groggy Maybe that's why I let him talk me into a pointless meeting with his brother But was it possible that it hadn't been skimpy who tried to kill mr. Crutchfield that it was somebody else? No, no And I was sure absolutely sure that it was skimpy there in the compact car who'd taken the shots at me yet But I was groggy and I I wasn't thinking straight So after napping for a couple of hours, I got a port myself a drink and ordered some dinner sent over from a nearby restaurant That's item two by the way six dollars plus a dollar tip by then I began to feel a little better You think so? I'm sorry how Betty is Okay, mr. Dingle. I'll run on over and see him and mr. Dollar. Yeah 1217 north chulla Apparently skimpy who is the only one home in the rather decrepit looking old boarding house Through the open window of his room. I could see him slowly pacing the floor His head down Thoughtfully a finger to his lips the perfect picture of a repentant man Nonetheless after entering the building before knocking on his door from well at one side of the door frame I drew my gun Yes, who is it? Johnny dollar. Oh, yes. I'm glad you've come Just in case No, no No, you didn't need to to kick it open mr. Dollar. You blame me for taking no chance at skimpy No, sir. I guess I can after what I oh look you can uh You can put your gun away too honest sure. Why not? I just remember that it'll still be handy Look, you got to believe me. You got no worries mr. Dollar You see my brother was here all afternoon and he Well, he he told me about talking to you well then Listen dollar and I mean it I was wrong. See I was all wrong I mean when I tried to shoot you there in your car and I'm I'm awful glad I missed honest Well, I'm kind of glad you said you're lousy sharp, but uh, what about mr. Crutchfield? Oh, I only hope and pray the old guy will live Don't you see dollar. I was wrong. I mean all along too, but I didn't know it. You see I mean I couldn't believe it until I seen you come in the door here just now and And to to help me just like my brother promised you would skimby I promised him only one thing, but if he'd tell me where to find you I'd turn you over to the police No, no, no, no. Oh look you don't you understand? I understand your brother's living in a dream world. No, no, dollar that That isn't what I mean. What do you mean?   Dollar. I how did you? Oh Then you You saw me outside this window. That's right And you knew that I would pull this trigger before he Before he could after you'd seen what he was up to after hearing what he said Pussy, I hoped you would My own brother did I kill you mr. Dollar? No pussy Just like him. You're a pretty lousy shot And without his brother's support anymore, he'll be lucky if he ever gets out of the pen Pussy well, I hope he never forgets his lesson in practical psychology expense account total 10 dollars and 80 cents He always truly johnny dollar Here's our star to tell you about next week's story next week a very bad case of not knowing enough about your friends Join us. Won't you yours truly johnny dollar? Do you like a car with plenty of pep? A car with reserve power for safe passing Most good drivers do but they don't like to pay extra for premium gasoline Listen in three out of five cars regular price Sinclair dyno gasoline matches performance of premium gasoline Save up to four cents a gallon almost anywhere. You see the Sinclair dinosaur sign You can save up to four cents a gallon with dyno Drive with care and buy Sinclair dyno gasoline Is written by jack johnstone produced and directed by fred hindricksson music supervision by ethyl huber Johnny dollar is played by mandel kramer Also featured in our cast for rosemary rice larry hains jack arthur melville roig and william redfield sound patterns by water otto technical direction michael schoscis Be sure to join us next week same time same station for another exciting story of yours truly johnny dollar This is stewart matt speaking Get in the game with phil rizuto sports time every night, but sunday on the cbs radio network


The T2 Tile project is building an indefinitely scalable computational stack. Follow our progress here on T Tuesday Updates. So it's the last T Tuesday Update of 2020. Can't come too soon. A quick update on the fiction, and then this is all going to be debugging in various flavors. Folks remember a year ago, November, I did Nano Remo.  Not all shown here. This Nano Remo, one of my goals for last November was to take a chunk of that, a specific chunk, it's kind of like chapter two, and boil it down to something that could pass for a short story and try to actually get it out in the world, either by sending it off to someplace that might publish it or just putting it up. Who knows what, but to get it out there. So that, I mean, because it really, the whole book, Best Effort, is revolving around the ideas that the T2 Tile project is working on, but cut loose from reality, you know, just being able to put on that magic sauce of, you know, other folks worked on this and solved problems between here and there. So I, the key that I got myself to say was that this is from Stranger Horizon, that takes science fiction short stories under 5,000 words preferred. After I did the cut out of just chapter two, it was over 10,000. So now for the last month, well, for the last few weeks of November and also for the past two weeks, I've been doing this. I've been trying to make the thing go down. And I had a quick spurt early on and then I had a quick spurt like last night. So unbelievable. This whole T Tuesday update thing is absolutely the revenge of students against a meat dip professor.  Well, I mean, I had policies about stuff being late and so on and so forth. But beyond that, beyond the policy that was built in, you know, the ideas, you need to make the game be reasonably genuine, generous, and then you stick to the rules. So of course, now I'm just being like absolutely everybody else, you know, cramming before the headline. This update is going to be extremely late. It's going to be handy for the folks and Greenwich Meantime to watch when it comes out. But perhaps not for anybody else. I'm still hoping that it will absolutely come out during Meantime T Tuesday. So there is, you know, this was getting out a whole chunk. I've gotten, I don't know, 600, 700 words out. But I still feel all right about the enterprise because looking through what's coming up ahead, there's lots and lots of exposition where I was talking about the history of the future and all this kind of stuff, which was important for me to unfold because it's part of the backstory of the novel and it connects to other stuff by the author Vaughn Joy Manin. But it doesn't need to be short stories. So there's going to be other big chunks where a thousand words drop out and so forth. Then it's all the small tiny little things where I actually indulge in some wordsmithing to try to make stuff a little bit tighter to get away with one sentence instead of three and so forth. So that's okay. And I feel like I can actually do it when my brain is pickled from trying to code.  I have now reached my final power of two. So I can still program. I can't program as good as I used to. I can't program as good as I wish. But, you know, day by day, step by step. And in the meantime, do other things. And one of the things that I can do is I can squeeze words out of my short story. So that's the fiction story. Last time it was about my fears for debugging. We had bugs. They're all surrounding intertile events because the idea of having an event that starts in one place, but makes changes on a neighboring administrative zone, a neighboring zone of control. That's the key thing that allows an indefinitely scalable system to unfold. And so, you know, and it's surprising that there are bugs in the implementation. At the move of peace machine levels. That's what I've been focusing on. But just by luck, I ran it. I managed to trigger a Linux kernel module LKM bug while I was working on this stuff. So I'll show you a little bit what about that and then talk about the MFM level stuff. So, right. I have gotten the MFM intertile events so that a single tile works fine because there's no intertile events. A single tile with a cable so that it connects to itself, a loopback cable. So it thinks it's connected to a different tile, but it's actually connected to itself. That seems to work fine. A single tile connected to one other tile, that seems to work fine. So to actually trigger the bugs, it requires a minimum of three tiles that are all talking to each other so that they can get out of whack in more complex ways that, you know, I haven't covered all the cases. I tried a new thing that I thought, hey, maybe this would help me simplify debugging. Take two tiles, but also use a loopback cable from one tile to the other. So this white tile down here, it's the Keymaster. It thinks it's connected northeast and northwest. This tile up here, which is my transit tile that I take the common data manager that lands on that and I move that tile over to the grid and I let it, oh, speaking of which, one second here. I was trying to do an experiment. I meant to do that when we actually started up. I forgot we'll come back in and check on that at the end of the video. We'll see if it's actually made any progress. I'm not sure whether, well, you'll see. But the point is here, even though there's only two tiles, there are adjacent connections, northeast and northwest, southeast and southwest. So I thought maybe that would trigger some of these bugs that I'm seeing out in the whole grid that have been rather hard to capture. I did not see any MFM bugs doing this, but I did see, there's another picture. Oh, yeah, and in particular, you see, I set loose a seed two. That's the splits at the end of the universe atom that just bounces around. And when it reaches a state where it can't advance, it picks another random direction and maybe it also splits itself. So it zooms across whatever, zoom, and then sometimes it duplicates. And other things being equal, it will gradually fill the universe up with more copies of itself. And this is what we see going on here. Now, seed two, that's what this is, seed two, in the grid, in the power zone and a half that I have behind me, once that we very rarely get anywhere near this dense, this white, because the bugs will kick in, the synchronization, the intertile event bugs will kick in, and either the MFM or the entire tile will restart and it will wipe out a bunch of the seed two, will knock them back. That wasn't happening here, and it was getting very crowded in there. But what I saw was this, I had a serial cable plugged into the transfer tile, and so log messages were spewing by, and the thing blew up. It rebooted, and I had terrible time in the past, as I mentioned before, that when I was having Linux kernel panics, at least in some cases, the disk wasn't getting synchronized properly so that when I came back up again, I did not see there was a hole in the log file where the information about what had happened tended to be. So here I had it sitting in the scroll back buffer of the terminal emulator I was using, and I found this, illegal standard local packet, blah, blah, blah, and kernel bug at blah, blah, blah, line number and file and line number, yes. So itcpacket.cline344, there it is, and sure enough, itc.cline344 is a bug on, a call which in Linux kernel land is a macro, it's a special instruction that says if this condition is true, then there's a bug blow up. And in this particular case, I said bug if one is true, and one is always true, and that was because I was in an if that was not supposed to be possible. So in this particular case, we're getting ready to ship data out from one tile to the other tiles, and we're asking, does anybody have stuff that needs to be shipped? And first we ask the overall FIFO, the waiting line of stuff that's bound to go out and say, is there anything on the line at all? If the answer is zero, then okay, nothing to do. If there is something on the list, then we ask for how long is the first packet? The first, because packets can be anywhere from one byte to 255 bytes long, so we ask how long the first packet is, and it's never supposed to be zero. And it was being zero, so that's what was happening.  Still don't know what to do about it. But the fact that we had that illegal standard local packet before the bug message said that maybe that's where things fell off the rails, and the bug that comes later was a consequence of that illegal standard local packet. So went to go find where that was, search for it in the thing and find it, and there it is. And without going into all of the details, what it boils down to is the proves, the processors that are managing the communication between the tiles, like two separate additional processors on top, along with the processor that's running the Linux thing and doing all that. They send messages back and forth. A lot of those messages are the actual packets that have gone back and forth from neighboring tiles. But in addition, there are local packets that are just going from these little processors to the Linux processor and back and forth to give status information about which connections are open and closed, and so forth. Those are called local packets. And this says that if a local packet should always have a nonzero value in the first, the low five bits. And there it was, the local bit, yeah. So the first bit is a one saying it's meant for us entirely. If the second bit is a one, that's the local bit. That means it's supposed to be local. And here it is. And what we had, what was the actual? It was, yeah, E0. So E is three one bits and a zero, zero is four zeros. So that's three one bits and five zero bits. And in fact, yes, we look it up. And sure enough, three one bits. This is a wild card and five zero bits is explicitly illegal. So the Linux kernel module is getting mad about it. The question is, where did it come from? And at the moment, I don't know. It may be that it's coming from an actual data error and actual bit flip and actual corruption. I looked through the Pru code and I can't see any place where it would have been sending one of these things intentionally. But at least there's a clue. At least there's an example.  So that's what's happened on the Linux kernel module front even though I wasn't going after it. On the MFM intertile event debugging, you know, all of this is just rich with irony. I go on and on all day long about how we need to get past determinism. We need to focus on redundant systems and so forth. And then I face bugs and I go, have a heck of my supposed to debug these things. The number one way that traditional computing deterministic computing fixes bugs is by making sure they're repeatable. If you have a problem, if you have some software problem like an open source software and you give a report to the developers, the first thing they're going to say is how do I repeat this? And if they can't cause the bug on their own control then they're just not even going to bother with you. They figure you're nuts. If you can't repeat it, you can't debug. That's the basic principle. So if we're giving up on determinism, if we're going to say you're not going to be able to repeat it, then what do you do? And the answer is well understood outside the land of single application and little host debugging circumstances. The answer is it's great. It fits on your back. It's great for a snack. It's log. It's all about maintaining histories of what actually happened so that when something goes wrong and you don't know when it's going to go wrong and you don't know why and you can't repeat it because you're interacting with the world. You're getting these inputs in hundreds of different directions. Of course you can't repeat it. And then so what you need to do is be able to figure out what happened after the horses left the barn so that you could close the door next time. And that's of course what we're doing here and it's all been about. We've had several stages of doing various kinds of log files. We did them the Linus kernel level we just saw and we've been doing them at the MFM level. Originally a few weeks ago it was the case that a few weeks ago, a few months ago it was the case that I was writing logs out to disk on a regular basis and then when they got too many of them I would delete the old ones so that if the thing crashed whatever it was then the most recent logs would be on the disk and that was blowing up. It was stressing the little flash drives that are built into these Beaglebone boards or something like that it was causing corruption so now I'm keeping the log file in memory. A big, big rolling buffer of a megabyte of the most recent events two megabytes of the most recent events and throwing away the previous megabyte when I overflow. And now when there's a trigger event of some sort then I take one to two megabytes of trace data that's sitting in memory of the most recent stuff and I push it out to disk then and in particular I do it when there is an unexpected condition that isn't caught anywhere else sometimes when things go wrong people are expecting high people in the call stack people that ask stuff to be done they're prepared to deal with certain failures but if a failure reaches all the way to an unexpected exit and that is the trigger that I'm using to say okay push the logs out to disk but even that is not enough because an intertile event involves more than one tile there's more than one set of logs there's more than one CPU with logs sitting in memory and so forth so now what I actually got working in the last two weeks is when an unexpected exit is in the process of occurring we failed all the way back up to the top in addition to pushing our own in memory logs to disk we send a flash traffic message to all of our immediate neighbors saying please dump your logs to your disk as well and that flash traffic message includes a random tag, a 32 bit tag that we're going to use later to figure out okay all of these files are probably all part of the same event we should try to get them all in one tile and weave them together and that's what I was developing for most of the last week this what we're looking at here there we come on there we go this is the development of the trace menu which is a new menu that didn't exist two weeks ago that is meant to provide access to the stored the trace files that have been pushed out to the disk which once again also have to clean up after themselves so that it doesn't use up more than a certain amount of disk in the moment we're saying you can keep 10 log files and the oldest ones are automatically removed when you run out so we can we wanted to scroll up and down this is when I was just developing I thought I would take some pictures there was actually a much stupider looking ones of this but I didn't think about taking pictures of it at first the text area so I could see how many characters rows and columns I had to work with now I was filling them up with what was going to be information about a specific tag this is going to be the 32-bit tag this was going to be the x and y offset of where the original event took place because we're going to dump these logs even if we're on a neighboring tile when someone tells us to dump the logs then the offset those two numbers where the command to dump came from r00 was telling how far out it was and the s was going to be the sequence number that was going to tell us the order that all happened here we've now started to get it more populated trying to get the size of each of the dump files in there we've got some actual random tags messing around with the layout trying to buy a few more pixels getting a new button here that we can actually click and cause it to do the memory dump and now we couldn't see it before now we've got this 1dc random tag at the end it's a 235 byte trace file because I just started this thing up for the test and on and on and on once we we're going to request the neighbors to go pick up a thing and bring it all to us so there was going to be a confirm button I just created the button at first got that working put the the tag file that we were going to request on it it didn't actually fit had to shrink the font days go by and eventually I actually sent it out this RFP means it actually received a flash packet from the northeast it was a type MFM get log that's the new flash traffic message and then how did we handle it we handle it by saying implement the stuff so that is where we're currently at there's a bunch of other stuff at the end of the log files now we can actually have stuff that says where a failure occurred I'm very proud of this it hasn't existed since the beginning of the t2 tile project now we have actual stack dumps not just in gdb the debugger but permanently out in the log file and not only that they're actually in readable c++ they've been what's called demangled for folks that know c++ if you know what I'm talking about I sympathize but I finally did the googling and find code samples to figure out how to demangle this and this has already been helpful so I took all that I wrapped it up I made new cdmd files for mfm with all those changes for the trace menu and for the t212 infrastructure package as well I put them in my transfer tile that's this guy right here and I took them over to the main grid and I let it start to spread so now like t212 the infrastructure file is going the mfm file is much bigger so it takes longer and it's starting to spread I'm always rushing on to the next thing the next thing and I don't spend a whole lot of time really appreciating you know getting cdm working was a big deal this past year this is the second major rewrite of it where now it's all pipelined and automatically restarts after if the cdm goes down or the entire tile reboots and now it just works so alright there is progress even if I'm looking forward end of the year so it spreads through it eventually it reaches the other corner and they're starting to build up their stuff and it all flows there there's a second guy coming in and I figured you know that was one power zone 16 tiles and I figured I would turn on the half power zone that I have next to it as well the heck so that booted up as well and again this was all happening while the files were still moving on the other side everything was fine and then there it was it's really kind of nice I really like you know when you see one of these video walls the entire wall does this stuff in a perfect sync because there's a global clock here it's sort of in sync but it's not completely you know it's slightly different times you know one guy goes a little bit earlier than everybody else comes in it's like a marching band that's not absolutely perfect like every marching band isn't so that's synchrony is something that you aspire to locally rather than something which is enforced by the architecture the stuff comes in eventually T212 since it's only 2 meg finishes first and CDM automatically restarts so MFM sees the CDM the common data manager as being down for a few minutes while it's coming back up again did we see this? the CDM had been up for two days in 22 hours continuously at the time it got the new version and now it's been up for 8 seconds and it just picks right up it was 59% of the MFM distribution it actually in this particular case it took almost a minute and a half before it actually managed to start going again because it is randomized and it's not optimized for a magic efficient it's optimized for no matter what things will start to work eventually and then off it goes and it came in it loaded up everybody else once MFM started finishing and that package got installed MFM rebooted restarted itself automatically as well and there we are like that so at the end and here the trace button this is the menu that didn't actually exist two weeks ago this is to tell everybody in the grid show the trace menu send it to the grid send it out to a radius of 8 and tile coordinates and it works so here it is the trace menu that we saw on the grid with no trace files anywhere because it's brand new the mechanism to produce trace files didn't exist wasn't enabled until just the last day or two so here's the demo what you saw me do just a couple of minutes ago was let's see where we're at what I did was I can we see that at all? not so good it's alright oh look at that see we're having failures all over the place and this is due to the cascading failures that I've mentioned before about when one tile sees a problem now if everything works and all day long the reason this is so late because it hasn't been working but now we're going to find out I'm going to bring up the trace menu again and we will see if there are any trace dump files in any of these things which based on what we're seeing here if it's possible for folks to see it not sure let's just take a look grid command display to the grid trace keep going back to the sites menu because actually let me shoot some video with my phone as well so in case it's completely invisible main camera will be able to see what's going on here these guys are getting wiped out so down here there's just one little trace and oh 5CF 5CF look at that the shared tag thing is working this is all the first time that it's actually worked so that's nice I'm just going to let these guys go crazy and that's where we are at that is the demo the next update will be Tuesday, January 5th 2021 our goal is to have intertile events, MFM level intertile events caught and isolated I want to be able to tell you a story about at least one MFM intertile bug that may or may not be fixed but it's been found and it's been diagnosed have a happy new year as best as you can stay safe, stay the right amount of sane, I hope to see you next time


So Peter, I suppose you know why you're here? No, sir This this exam paper with a hundred percent score. That's why you're here. What's wrong with that?  Yes. Good. I have my money ready. Are you insinuating that I cheat? I One more time I'm not insinuating or accusing you of anything. I'm just trying to understand. You will admit this is impossible, right? Yes. Thank you. It is impossible for a bill to float media like this. Now regarding your 100% result, that is impossible, too Which is why I need you to confess and admit what you did. I have nothing to confess, sir Okay, I thought you might say that I'll confess something first so that you feel at ease.  I have serious cast trick issues, but that's besides the point. Are you at ease now? No, I pooped my pants. You already said that. My pants are pooped in. That's the same. Are you at ease now? Confess while slapping. You hesitated. Confess. Will you slap me again? How? Confess. Okay, I confess. I did it. It was me. Why'd you slap me?  Sorry. Thank you for confessing. Well, as long as you don't slap me again, don't tell me what to do. So you confess. No, I don't. I don't even know what I have to confess. I was just doing it so you stopped slapping me. I know what you did. At first I had hesitations because you're such a nice person, but then I had a conversation with myself and asked Hmm, did he do it? Maybe he did do it, but he's such a nice person though. Yeah, so you're saying he did it? Oh, I'm not saying he did it. Maybe you're saying he did it. I didn't say he did. Actually you did. No, I wasn't saying anything he did and at the end of the conversation, I made no progress with myself. But now it's time to stop pretending Peter. Explain to me how you got a hundred percent score on your exam. I didn't cheat. I just studied. Finally. You confessed. What? You studied it. You breached the one rule of this school. In this school, it is not allowed to study. We either cheat or fail. It's one out of two. If students start studying, can't imagine what the world would be like. You're expelled. No, sir, please. I promise I will cheat next time, please. It's too late. It's lunch time. Go home. Hey Peter. Understood.