Thank you very much. Thank you for the invitation. Thank you all for coming. As Mike said, please, if you have questions, please do ask them and you know let's keep kind of an informal in person. Atmosphere as much as we can. It's a great. I've attended many of these lectures and I think it's a great service in the community so thank you for that. Also, so this is a joint work with my friend who's in the electrical engineering department at the Hebrew University, and that leg of who's the computer science department at NYU so as you can see that it's a it's a it's the topic is a topic in classical geometry of numbers so this is a field that's enjoyed a lot of recent attention from both the computer engineers and the electrical engineers and for different completely different reasons actually unrelated and they're and they are now I think like the experts and making the most progress in this field so happy to have such great coauthors and actually the new results that we have are based on work coming from a third direction which none of us is really an expert in and that's something called the discrete concha problem. And specifically the new work is based on a recent work of Darren DeVere that I'll tell you a little bit about at the end of the talk. So what's this about so the we're interested in the covering volume of a lattice so let me define everything so what is a lattice a lattice is a subset of our end, which is spanned over Z by independent independent vectors. So L is the span over Z of these vectors. Namely, it's all the linear combinations of these V vector of these end vectors and is always going to be the dimension. And another way to say this. It's the image of the standard integer lattice ZN under a matrix a where a is got the v eyes as its columns. So this is another way of saying this and the geometry of numbers is the field in mathematics initiated by Minkowski in studying the geometric properties of such sets and the questions that I'll be talking about are classical in this field. So the first invariant of a lattice is the co volume. And this is defined to be the determinant of this matrix a and as you can see a lattice may have many different choices of these v eyes different bases but the the co volume does not depend on them. And what's the geometric meaning of this co volume omega say in our end, a measurable said, say Burrell said it's called the fundamental domain for a lattice L. It tiles perfectly so in other words, you can write our end as the disjoint union of the translates of omega by element of the lattice. Okay, and I'll give an example now so example. Take the lattice to be the standard integer lattice take omega to be the unit cube. Close on the left open on the right and every coordinate, then obviously every element of our end can be written as a translate of this unit cube it's just like the standard tiling of your floor by square tiles. Or if you like you just reduce any vector mod one and you get an element here and you the difference between the element and the original vector is an element of the integer lattice so that's why we get this formula for these two sets. Okay, and obviously the, if you translate the lattice. So if L is the translate of a lattice by Z and then you can also translate the fundamental domain. This will be fundamental domain for the translated lattice and the determinant of L in this case is measuring the volume, respectively, standard volume of this set. So what this discussion tells us is that the co volume of L is the volume of a fundamental domain. So it's not hard to see this is kind of a standard exercise that this does not depend on the choice of a fundamental domain. So, that's the first kind of standard quantity and now we're going to have a lattice and we're going to try to be covering space by translates of some other set which might not be a fundamental domain. So denote this set by K. So K is a some set which we want to use to cover space efficiently, and we're going to take it always to be convex and compact. And we're going to define a function and L K X to be the number of times. So if I fix is covered number of L sorry, the number of translates of K by elements of the lattice that cover our point L so if I fix L and K. If I fix L and K and very X, I'm getting a function from any point in our end to to the non negative interest is number of translates that cover the number of times the points get covered. And let me show you some pictures just so we are all the same page. Let me just write down the fact here that was the number that's going to show up in all the formulas is the volume. The volume of K divided by the co volume of L. And I'll explain in a minute that this is the average number of times a point in our end gets covered by the translates of K by elements of L. And this is the, this is the very important number for us so let's show let's show some pictures and so you get the feeling of for this so here where I'm showing you the, the center, the black points are center points of a lattice and the circle is my set K. And here, we're translating K by the lattice point so we get this union of circles, they don't cover space, and they do overlap. And so this point here maybe this covered zero times this point here is covered once points in the overlaps are covered twice and okay, X assumes three possible values zero one and two of this in this example, and as we increase the radius of the ball, the you see that the balls are intersecting more and more. After a while. Every point gets covered so now in this picture, every points covered at least once and say points that are in these corner spots are actually covered three times. And this is the kind of picture that you might have in mind, as you can see these pictures are obviously periodic they don't change when you shift by L. So if you want to understand the average of the number of times of points get covered you just have to evaluate that on a fundamental domain so if I'm going to if I integrate the number this pick this trap this parallelogram that I'm trying is a fundamental domain for this lattice. This is, you know, by Omega, if I integrate the function and over that fundamental domain I'm going to get the average number of times of points gets covered so that's what I mean. I'm going to get this so this is equal to one over the volume of Omega integral over Omega and okay X DX, and this is this equality here is a simple exercise that I'll leave to it's just kind of a phubini computation. So this is a crucial formula for us. And just for understanding the results I mean, and to standard definitions. The pair convex set lattice is called a packing. If this function never exceeds one. These translates are destroyed. Either a point is covered or it's not covered but when it's covered it cannot be covered by two different points, two different sets so the translates are destroyed. In this case it's called a packing KL is called a covering. If in KLX is always at least one. And this obviously happens when every points, every point gets covered and so that then we have this formula. Okay, so these are the notions of packings and coverings and what people have been interested in for many many years is to find, given a convex body. And that's for which you can use that lattice to get an efficient packing or an efficient covering of space by those translated translated images of the convex body. And that's the problem that we're going to do the covering and packing problems. So, let me state them formally. So the covering volume of the. KL form a covering the covering volume of KL is defined to be. It's this is traditionally not denoted by this capital theta. And it's defined to be the infimum. I'll write down the formula and explain. You take your convex body K. And then you dilate it. There's some question that I can't make out. Maybe not. Okay, so let me continue. So, we're taking our convex body K now we're making it larger smaller by multiplying by our and we're looking for the threshold at which the minimal dilation needed to make this into a covering. So, and then we measure the average number of time points get covered by this dilated copy of case so if we go back to the picture here to the pictures that I showed you earlier. You see that as I move from this picture down to the next picture and down to the next picture, I'm dilating the ball I'm making it larger, and then at certain instant, it starts to become a cover, and as soon as it's a cover. This is the first time it's a cover I measure the average number of time times that this points points here get covered so points here and covered once points here and covered twice. There are some few points where points are covered three times. The average is some number bigger than one by some small amount. Okay, so that's the quantity that we're measuring. So, the difference. Theta KL minus one is a measurement of the wastefulness, if you like, of this covering. And we make a similar definition with the packing quantity so you take the this is noted in literature by row row of KL is defined in the following way. This is the premium. Again, of the volume of RK divided by the co volume of L, where now we range over all dilates, which gives the packing. So Breck just a question in the chat. Yeah, you assume that case symmetric with respect to a point is the question. No, no, I don't actually in sometimes it's assumed and sometimes it's not I'm not going to assume that. So this is kind of the similar. This is this is measuring. This is always. So this number theta is always bigger than one and this number row is always smaller than one because here we're averaging a function. When we're in the covering situation we're having a function which is bigger than one everywhere. And here we're averaging this is the average of a function which is smaller than one everywhere. So we get these this inequality and the difference one minus row KL is a measurement of the proportion of space that's left uncovered by this packet. Okay, so I hope the quantities are clear. So we've defined this for a given K and L. The next order of business is to try to fix K and search for the optimal covering where we range over all lattices so row. Let's do you know this is the falling way. So sorry, let's start with covering theta of K with a superscript and is the infimum over theta KL, where L is a lattice in our end. And row K row and K is the supremum again of these quantities. Okay, now it's not hard to check that these are purely the truly geometric quantities in other words if I take K and expand it or translate it I don't change the value of this quantity. And if I managed to cover space optimally with given lattice and I inflate the lattice again. So the value of this quantity here will not change or this quantity here will not change if I replace L by its dilate. So, or, okay, so this is this is these are the quantities that we are interested in. And this is this problem of finding these numbers has been around for a very, very long time and they make an appearance and even in Hilbert's 1900 list of questions. And they've been studied ever since but still not much is known. The specific case that people care about more than others is the case of the L2 ball. And that's the problem that's that's attracted the most attention. Sorry, I want to keep this notation. I'm on standard. So let me get a substitute superscript. So row and is my notation for the packing density of the L2 ball in n dimensions. And so very little is actually known about precise values of this so so this is known in dimensions. So up to eight and 24, not in any other dimensions. And this is known in dimensions two to five. And that's it. So, and you know dimension threes due to gals I mean various various well and mathematicians have contributed to what we know 24 is a very difficult case where we see the leach lattice making its appearance and open questions and the questions that I would like to discuss which are also classical is question. Does theta n. Let's say K in behave as n times to infinity. What's the behavior in dimension getting larger and larger. Of course, to make sense of this question. K is always a convex set in our end. So it's not about a fixed K, we fix a family of convex sets in all dimensions and we are interested in this quantity for example you might be interested in this behavior for the L2 ball. We're interested in this behavior, getting balance which are uniform and work for all case, all possible convex bodies K. And of course I would be interested if I'd be very happy to be able to say things also about the corresponding quantity for row for the packing, but we don't have any results of that type so that's not what I'm going to be discussing in this talk but just to give you the background. Let's start with what's known about row just so you'll appreciate that not much is known. So for the packing. We have the following bounds. If you look at the packing volume of the Euclidean ball in dimension and a lower bound one half to the end times and times the constant, the constants that are that will appear that talk they're going to be lots of constants appearing that talk that constants that appear. You know they're going to change from one line to the next but I'm always going to note them by C. It's not the same constant. You shouldn't be confused by this notation and this is not row to the end this is the value of the packing density in dimension and the upper bound is roughly 0.67 to the power and so there's a huge gap here between the lower bound and the upper bound. This lower bound was proved in a sequence of papers so I'll mention just a few names just I'm trying to impress you and you know I want you to feel that this is a classical problem. It is a classical problem of course, but let me just mention some notable names here. So Minkowski initiated this study and this is in 1896, he proved the lower bound which was, which was linear and sorry, sorry, which had this exponent one half to the end, but did not have this end factor. And Rogers in the 50s. 50, sorry, 47 was the first person to get a linear improvement with this extra end term and Venkatesh right now the record holder for this kind of a problem is actually Venkatesh who in 2013. provided the best known constant here in front of this. But as you can see the lower bound is very very far from the upper bound the upper bound was established by Kometiansky and Levenstein. Oops, sorry. Wait and this is for any convex body. No this is for I'm just explaining that what's known for L2. Okay. For the L2 ball, just so you get a feel for the problem. Okay, so this is just to show you that there's a huge gap in our understanding. And this problem has been around for a very long time for packing. Let's pass to covering. So, here's what was known and I'll say what was told before our results and then I will state our results. So, for the covering problem let's start with the L2 ball. So for the L2 ball. We have lower and upper bounds from the 50s. The upper bound is due to Rogers. 59 the lower bound is due to Cox it or fewer and Rogers, also at 59. And so what you can see is that the upper bound and lower bound are very very. I'm sorry there should be a constant here. So, as you can see the upper and lower bounds are very very close to each other I mean that this is a linear and in and here it's also linear and in and the difference is a power of along. So it's not a huge gap but it this is, you know, still an open question to nail this. And okay so that's the case of the L2 ball but the case of the general convex body was the knowledge was there was a bigger gap in what we knew. And here's what I want to state. So if you take the worst case the worst convex body and dimension in and look at the covering volume. Rogers had in the same paper in fact he had the log log in and to constant times log log in so it's a super polynomial function event. And the lower bound, if you look at the worst case in other words, the convex body for which you get the covering to be as inefficient as possible. Nobody's found a convex body which is known to be more inefficient than L2 ball so in other words this is the same cocks that are few Rogers bound, coming from the L2 ball appearing here So now you can see that for general convex bodies, we have actually a very big gap between the upper bound and the lower bound in this problem. And our first theorem, which I'll write this theorem a improves the situation so the same quantity that ever down here we approve the bound to n squared constant times that squared. And that's our first result. And the next set of results that I want to describe are for typical lattices. So, I'll explain why I'm interested in typical lattices. So what this result says is that if you give me any convex body whatsoever. I'm going to find a lattice for which it covers. And the average number of times a point gets covered is bounded by this number, but I'm not going to be able to actually produce that lattice for you explicitly. And I'm going to be able to say that with respect to some probability measure on the space of lattices, a typical lattice will actually behave in this way. So this is what I want to describe next. So there's a natural measure. So I'm going to denote it by calling it the Ziegelhard measure. So there's a oops, sorry. There's a natural measure on the set of lattices in dimension and so I'm going to note this by curly X and so this is L in our and L lattice. And I'm going to only look at lattices of co volume one for all these geometric problems, reducing the lattices of co volume one makes no difference. But when I do that. This set becomes a quotient of a league group by discrete subgroup is the quotient the famous quotient SNR over SNZ. And this is to see this, you just notice that if I look at the coset. ASL and Z, think of this as a coset in this coset space, I can map it to the standard lattice ZN multiplied by a as I was doing before. This gives me a general lattice of co volume one as I described before so this map is by Jackson, and this map here identifies the space of all lattice of co volume one with this quotient. And that's very nice in particular. This becomes a homogeneous space for a league group and the harm measure on the league group can be used to produce a nice measure on the space of lattices and that measure that's the measure that I'd like to do is the ZEGLE harm measure. So you end is the ZEGLE harm measure on XN IE this is the unique SNR invariant probability measure on this space. So it turns out, it's a fact related to the theory of harm measures. That's why our name is appearing in this discussion. And this was first observed by ZEGLE. It turns out that there's a unique such measure probability measure on this space. I guess I'm going a little bit slower than I intended. So, I can respect this measure I can state the following theorem. So, I'll write it all down and then I'll explain what's going on. The statement is bounding the measure. This is a probability measure. So I'm telling you that the measure of a certain set is large, which means a typical lattice satisfies this property a typical lattice for every epsilon I can find a constant C so that a typical lattice where typical means outside a set of measure epsilon, a typical lattice satisfies the bound that I had before. In the theorem A I told you that there exists one lattice for which theta KL is less than a constant times N squared. Now I'm asserting that a large measure of such lattices have this property so this is the measure that's behind theorem A. Now it's telling you, so I'll write it down in words, a typical lattice gives a covering with theta KL less than C. This is the, so for each, for each K. And constant C is independent of the convex body K. That's our second theorem. You might wonder why I'm stating a theorem about behavior of typical lattices in such a convoluted way usually if we work with measures. The next thing I might might ask is, what's the average with strictness measure what's the expectation of this covering radius and if I were to prove to you that this expectation is of this order. That would be kind of a result of the similar flavor however the expectation is completely different in fact. So remark. The expectation with respect to this measure and UN of this quantity. So I'm varying L according to this measure and measuring the expectation. It's infinite. Somehow this probability measure has what's known as the thin part of the space or the cusp and in this cusp, the covering function the covering volume explodes to such an extent that the expectation is even though it occupies a small measure in this space so that's so that's just to explain to you that what I've discussed is sort of the natural way to express the fact written over here. Okay, that's I've explained to you the results in the first half of the title I haven't told you about almost uniform covers. So that's what I'd like to do now. Before doing that I'll sort of explain the idea. So, again, I'm turning back to these pictures and what you're seeing in these pictures is that when I passed down in these slides, I'm dilating the ball and eventually the balls cover. Now what would happen if I were to dilate the balls, even further, what would happen is that points are going to get covered. And just imagine the radius of this ball instead of it being this size and much, much bigger and say this size. So points are going to be covered by lots and lots of balls and you might ask what about this function. And the fact is that this function becomes almost uniform it hardly fluctuates becoming almost a constant function and that's what we want to understand we'd like to know when it is. And just show that this eventually happens, we'd like to somehow put our finger on, what's the volume at which the function becomes almost uniform so that's, I'll formalize that. That's our next quantity that we want to measure I get another thing to say here, all the results I have mentioned so far already appeared in one paper, and what I'm now describing is the newer stuff. So let's define for K and L as before a quantity Ada of KL. This is the maximum as x ranges over our end of the ratio of the number of times x gets covered by the average, and we subtract one. We subtract points to be covered. This amount of time that's the expectation. And this is the fluctuation, the ratio and fluctuation of the actual quantity to the expectation on average this is one, but we're taking the worst case in other words the point x where this ratio is as far from one as possible. Notice that if this Ada is less than one, we're back to saying that this function is bigger than zero so we have a covering so note. Ada less than one implies KL is a covering. Okay. Now, let's define another quantity so we want to know the kind of given an epsilon so given positive epsilon is defined psi KL of epsilon to be the infimum of the quantity that I measured before. Did you mean it's a greater than one or less than one less than one so if you're less than one. What does that mean, it means that this saying that this maximum is less than one means that for every point this quantity is less than one. It means that for every. This can't be zero. If this was zero we'd have zero minus one which is one. So it has to be bigger than zero at every point. Is that okay. Yeah. So I'm defining something. Let's call it define. Epsilon smooth density. This is just a name that's supposed to help convey the idea. But it's defined by the following formula. I increase our until the first moment when my former when this this quantity that defined before becomes smaller than epsilon as I said eventually. I increase the radius as I showed in the pictures, this quantity is going to go to zero so I wait for the first moment at which it's less than epsilon. And I call that the epsilon smooth density it's the minimal average number of times points get covered that ensures that they almost get covered uniformly where almost you're fully means with respect to this parameter epsilon. Okay that's a bit of a mouthful perhaps, but nevertheless let me state the theorem. So, I have two parameters in this theorem, epsilon and sigma, and I take a super all convex bodies. And I measure. I'll write it down and then I'll explain. Okay, here's the theorem that's trying to figure out what it says. First thing to notice is that we had a power of two and previous results and now we have a power of three. We have a parameter signal which you should think of as being small. So you should think of this quantity is being very close to n cubed. It's a little bit bigger than n cubed. And this is saying that if we take any convex body that's why we have a soup here, and we want to inflate the lattices so that we get an epsilon uniform cover. Then it's enough to inflate to volume to average covering number and cubed. In other words the quantity that I mentioned before is just a little bit. It's, it's, it's roughly n cubed so let me write, sort of, in words, what we're talking about so this approximately means I'm going to compare theorem B to theorem C so theorem B means that for any K with high probability. If we take dilate of K of volume and squared for most L theorem the next theorem theorems C says so this is this was about what I just said was about sorry, what I just said was about theorem B, and then I'll switch a color and I'll talk about theorem C. So theorem C approximately is a for any care with high probability if we take a dilative care volume and cube now. For most that this is an epsilon uniform. Covering by E, Ada is less than epsilon. Okay, so that's the meaning of this theorem C. I'd really grateful for the opportunity to present it here because I'm hoping what some of you will be interested in this quantity this is not a quantity as in contrast to the previous quantity that we discussed the covering volume. This is not a quantity that has been on anybody's radar and pure mathematics literature. Yeah, it's very, very natural from point of view of the computer science and electrical engineering applications that I mentioned before. And, well, we like it, we think it's interesting. So, this is an opportunity to publicize it. So this is those are the three results theorems, a B and C. I'd like to say, I have about a little less than 10 minutes. I'd like to say something about proofs. So, in the beginning of the talk, the names of darned beer, darned beer gave us a crucial input in the theorem of theorem C in the proof of theorem C. Earlier, the earlier work in which we proved theorems, a and B also got a crucial input from this field called the study of the discrete KK a problem. And I'd like to say a little bit about that. So what is the discrete KK a problem. So this, this is an ingredient in the proof. We're looking at the field is a prime number and we're looking at the field with P elements and we're looking at the vector space of dimension and over this field. And we have a subset in this finite set. And this is called a KK a set, if it contains a line in every direction. What that means is for any. I'll write it with kind of slightly complicated notation because that's going to be useful later for any element of the grass manian of one dimensional subspaces in FP to the end. That's this notation appearing here. You can take that line, and you can translate it. So that this translated line lines to this. So it's clear that the larger s is the better chance it has of being, because it's satisfying that it contains all these lines and all possible directions. And the belief was for a while that indeed I said have to be quite large in order to satisfy this property. And there were many conjectures and the breakthroughs. Many of them are associated with the name of the beer beer proved in 2008. The following well known result. If s is a cassette, then its size of s, I'm not going to do too much to do justice to this result but I'll just state it because it should be stated. He provided a lower bound on the size of a case at the amount the relative size of a case that relative the size of the of the entire vector space decreased in terms of the parameter P the number of elements in the field as a constant depending on the dimension over P. So it was a breakthrough that people thought people had much weaker lower bounds before him. What we care about in actually this work is about the case sense of rank two so let me define case sets of rank are in general are so s in Fp to the end is called a case set of rank are if oops, it's a simple definition except I replace the grass manian of lines with the grass manian of our dimensional subspaces. And there was a bound of, let me not write down the names co party, Lev said, so do it and so often 2011 obtained a lower bound, and I'm focusing on the case of rank two. I'm going to do their lower bound had the following form. And this is this was crucial for our work. So, let me very, very briefly, and I'm not going to state that there's a this this input here. This theorem here is what we needed to prove theorems, a and B, and a slide improvement of that, which I won't go into. In terms of C, we needed a further result of darned fear, as I mentioned in the very beginning of the talk that result came out earlier this year, or maybe last year I'm not completely certain. And so further further improvements along the lines of these works are what feeds into our work. Okay. So briefly, what does this all have to what are these problems have to do with each other they seem completely unrelated perhaps. So, how does this work so I'll give you the idea in a nutshell so connection. Connection to the covering problem. You'll understand our technique so first step we're trying to, we're given a compact set and we're trying to find an economical lattice for which we get a lattice for which we get an economical covering using this compact set. So the first step is a step called discretization. What does that mean I'll just show it by pictures so let's just write down. So let's put L in a dense lattice L prime, which is one over p times LP is a prime for reasons that will become apparent in step two, and cover L prime, instead of our end. So let me show you the slide, the picture. Think of P as being five. So the original lattice is are these black points. And introducing a new lattice L prime, which are the red points. It's the original lattice scaled down by a factor of five so every fundamental domain here now contains five squared which is 25 points.  Sorry, so they cover all of space. It's enough to be able to cover the red points. And then there's this idea that I fight inflated just a little bit more. I'll be able to cover all of space and I won't lose much. So that's the first idea that requires some work and that's called discretization. Now that we have that second step. And I'll end with that. Step two, replace L with span of L V or some V in L prime model, which is fpn. Okay, so what's going on so L prime over L and all those red points that you saw before and that's can be naturally identified as an additive group with this vector space. If I choose an element from this vector space. I can add it to L and thicken the lattice, thicken the lattice by one dimension so I'll show you an example. An example is right here. So what would happen if I change the collection of black points by adding all of these new black points I'm making the lattice thicker by adding one vector and spanning a new lattice. Well the circle gets translated in a certain direction. And as you see in this picture, maybe it covers already covers all the red points, and then we win. That's going to be our goal. Our goal is to be to choose this extra vector so that we can just add it to the lattice which just means push around this, the set using it, and cover the red points. And if you, that's what we were going to try to do. And if you think about what that means is this picture explains what's going on. So this is the fundamental domain for our covering problem. And then some of the points are already covered those are the points in this light blue color, and some of the points that you want to cover or not cover these are the points in this red set. So let me just take a picture of all of the points I've already covered and all the points I'd like to cover. Think about what does it mean for my strategy to fail. What it would mean for my strategy to fail is that I cannot add. I can't push this picture around and cover space and if I can't push this picture around and cover space. That means that in any direction that I take the red points contain a full line, which means that the red points are okay I said. So the relation between the two problems is what makes my strategy fail is if the complement of the points that I've covered form a Kakao set. And if I know that this Kakao set has to be large. That means that these points have to be small. That's sort of the starting point of our analysis. So I know this is not much of an explanation but it's the best I could do in the 50 minutes. Thank you for your attention.


In this presentation, we will take a look at the statement of cash flows, non-cash items. First question, why would we be looking at non-cash items when considering a statement of cash flows? We're going to go through a list of non-cash items first and see if you can recognize a trend in these and why we might be linking them to a statement of cash flows. Support Accounting Instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website broken out by category further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical reasonable fashion making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Discussion, then we will explain more fully the idea of looking at non-cash items when considering a statement of cash flows. So some examples of non-cash items would be the purchase of long-term assets by issuing a note, the purchase of non-cash assets by issuing equity or debt, the retirement of debt by issuing equity stock, lease of assets in a capital lease transaction and exchange non-cash assets for other non-cash assets. Consider these examples and note some of the common features including that they deal with investing and financing activities and think through why we might be linking them to a statement of cash flows. We'll go more fully through this by giving an example of the purchase of long-term assets by issuing a note, an example that we can then apply out to the rest of these items. So what are we going to do with these non-cash items? We're going to report them at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or report them in a note related to the statement of cash flows. So we're going to have to say in some format or other, hey look these are some non-cash items that we're linking to for some reason the statement of cash flows. So they're going to be important things that we want to disclose to the reader of the financial statements either in connection directly to the statement of cash flows or to a note to the financial statements that will be in reference to the statement of cash flows. So that goes back to the question again as to why these non-cash things would be linked to the statement of cash flows. Why don't we just put them in a different note? Why are they somehow tied to the statement of cash flows? And to give an example of why that kind of makes sense, let's take a look at one of these items that would be a non-cash item that we would need to report. We're going to purchase long-term asset by issuing a note. Let's think about the journal entry related to that. We're going to say that the equipment would go up, we would debit the equipment if we did this, and then we would credit the note payable. So no cash is taking place here. There's no cash happening, so it would not be a cash item. We wouldn't be reporting it on the investing activities or the operating activities or the financing activities. But we can also think of this as kind of two things that really happen. We kind of cut out the middleman. We kind of cut out cash as the middle transaction here. You can consider this as two transactions that could have taken place and ended the same result, which would be that we had cash if we got cash goes up because we took out a loan. So we could take out a loan and then pay for the equipment and we would end up in the same place. So if we took out a loan, we would increase the liability as we did here. We would debit cash, but then we would just turn around and take that cash and pay for the equipment with it. So then we would debit equipment and pay cash. So note what we did here is we just, this transaction that would deal with cash as the medium of exchange for this transaction, we just kind of cut out the middle person. We cut out the cash and went directly to this transaction here. So you can see if this is why they're related in some format to the cash flow statement. We're basically saying it's a transaction that would have had cash as an exchange, but the cash was removed and we did some type of other exchange. These transactions will typically be including financing and investing type activities, meaning they're going to be dealing with notes, payable bonds, payable purchase of things like equipment and no cash will be exchanged. But because of this relationship, we still want to disclose them in relation to a cash flow statement. So now that we can see this transaction, let's see if we can apply that to some of the other examples we have. So we've got cash purchase for long-term asset by issuing the note. Again, you can kind of break that journal entry that you would think of when you issue a note. If we bought something and you'd issued a note into two journal entries dealing with cash, receiving cash and then paying cash. Another example would be the purchase of non-cash assets by issuing equity or debt. So if we bought some type of non-cash asset, didn't pay cash, but we issued equity or debt, you can think of that same type of transaction. If we broke that up into two transactions, we issued, we got the debt, got the cash, and then paid for the non-cash item. So if you can think about being able to break these things up into two transactions of getting a loan or getting equity, issuing stock, getting money, and then buying the non-cash purchase for cash, then that's probably an item that we would need to report here. If we have a retirement of debt by issuing equity stock, you can think of that as the same kind of thing that's going on here. We could have had the issuing of stock, gotten cash, used that cash to retire the debt. Instead, we just retired the debt with the stock. We have the example of a lease asset and a capital lease transaction. That's basically the same thing as a purchase on financing a capital lease. A capital lease is structured as a lease, but really it's a purchase that we financed in form, substance over form or in substance. In substance, it's really a purchase that was made and then we financed that purchase. So that's going to be a similar example, a similar example as we have up here with a purchase of long-term assets by issuing a note. And then we have the exchange of non-cash assets for another non-cash asset. And again, that would just be an exchange that would happen. We gave one asset and received another. You can again think of that as, well, what if we gave the asset, got cash, they gave the asset, got cash, and then we exchanged for cash. So anything that you can kind of break out and you can think, well, basically we eliminated the sale and then the cash transaction. That's going to be one of those types of issues that may be needed to be reported as non-cash items related to the statement of cash flows.


Been playing with me, unemployment since June 3rd, okay? This company that I worked for, five and a half years!  Hey, then these motherfuckers can count!  I'll take your girlfriend home and make one down. Yeah. Unemployment. Eating, y'all know what I'm talking about. Ain't y'all been on unemployment?   Okay, when I was actually fired at a specific date.   I'm just like, come on, the- You talking about a man work since June? Motherfucking money today.  So, magnetites, I'm back. You know, I was going through a little turbulent time within the past month. And, you know, I didn't know exactly what was causing my problems. I didn't know if it was financial. I didn't know what it was. You know, there's a couple of factors, and I figured it out. It was the money.  Money can destroy relationships, marriages. It can destroy friendships. It can cause people to go into depression. And I ain't had no motherfucking money. I am nothing coming in. So I was really struggling, man. I was really trying to dig deep to stay happy and to make these motherfucking videos for you. But I'll tell you this, money will never get in my way again of my happiness. Okay, now that for some reason, I feel like going through this transition of my life, not having no money has made me a whole lot stronger. And it helped me come to terms with certain things in my life right now. Certain things came, certain things went. And it just had to happen that way. This was the lowest point I had been as far as my esteem in a while because I was used to being self-sufficient and taking care of myself and having to flow of money. I got some money set aside that I can't touch. So I couldn't use that. I got certain investments I could cash in, but I didn't want to use that because I wanted to keep things going. You got what I'm saying? But everything happens for a reason. I have learned from this whole MIA stagnant stretch of a month of my life that has recently happened because I got at the lowest within the last month. But not no more, baby. Because I'm back, Matt, in the sights. I'm back. I thought it was gonna be MIA a little bit longer. All this money coming in, paying all my bills off, I'm feeling mighty good. I'm feeling mighty, mighty cracking. I'm ready to move. You know what I'm saying? I'm ready to do my thing. I can't. Nobody stop me. So call me from now on, Tauro, Magnus, the juggernaut, because I'm unstoppable. Someone once told me, person very near and dear to my heart, when you're focused, you're unstoppable. And that's right. From now on, call me unstoppable, unstoppable Magnus. Magnus the unstoppable. Tauro the unstoppable Magnus. Whichever way you want to put it, that's who I am. So now, get ready to start enjoying more videos. I'm gonna start putting on Magnus answers and everything else that I motherfucking do. Because all my bills is paid.  And I got a good job that I'm great at. So things is going well, Magnus Sites. If I do save so myself. So sit back, relax, continue to enjoy the videos that's up here and there's more to come. And what's the motherfucking goal? What is the motherfucking goal for this year? All male subscribers.


Well this off season we put in a lot of work in the passing game and we come out like every day after school and after the summer was over and during the summer we just worked a lot on routes and stuff. We worked a lot harder than we have the previous seasons and we just forget about the last season and we're just going on through this season. This year we're going to have a lot more depth than what we've had through most of the year so we're really looking forward to that and having more people to come in so we're not really as tired during the games so that'll help a lot.


The culture's biggest night, the BET Awards returns for its 2021 ceremony this coming Sunday. And along its honouring of many movies and shakers, will be a seismic salute to the elites. Where's the picture? It's taking forever now. Yeah, sorry. Sorry, sorry. Sorry about that. Sorry. I trust your capacity. All right. Moving on, the culture's biggest night, the BET Awards returns for its 2021 ceremony this Sunday. And alongside its honouring of many movies and shakers, will be a seismic salute of the late great DMX. Organisers of the event announced the rapper's longtime friend and collaborator, Swee's Bit, has curated a special tribute performance. It will feature wheeze alongside Boster Rhymes, Method Man, Gri Silder and An Appearance by Michael K Williams. The show will form part of a broader honouring of ex's contribution to music, journeying from his early hits to his recently released posthumous effort Exodus. Set to air live from Microsoft Theatre on June 27, the show is being hosted by Taraji P. Henson. Previously announced performers on the bill include DaBaby, Jasmine Sullivan, Andre Day, Sissy Girls, DJ Khaled, H.E.R., Kirk Franklin, Lil Baby, Lil Duck, Migos, Moneybagia, Rhapsody, Roddy Rich and Tyler the Creator.


Train the trainer's integrated border management is considered to be one of the most important stages towards integrating the borders of Southeast Asia to the Interpol information system. The participants in this event have previously received basic Interpol policy capabilities training with us, but in this event we deliver to them a more advanced course in a block of two weeks inclusive policy capabilities and also Interpol instructor's development course to enable them to deliver training back home in line with Interpol standards. The participants were really very highly motivated and they showed an outstanding performance. We believe after this course we can really count on them to deliver training to their fellow colleagues and frontline officers in a very good manner when they get back to their countries.


Marines are no strangers to these words. They hear them every time they step foot on the shooting range. The shooting team on Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni hit the range to prove that practice makes perfect, especially before competition. On our team there's approximately 50 shooters. We're sending from Iwakuni to compete in division matches in Okinawa, Japan. What we're going to be doing is firing the same course of fires that we fired today with the rifle and the pistol. With the competition looming ahead of them, the Marines on the range still demonstrated camaraderie and a passion for shooting. My favorite part about the range is definitely coaching and seeing the other shooters get better, especially with more practice. Taking that shooter that has never fired the M9 service pistol or the M16 for competition and making him and honing his skills to become a proficient shooter and a proficient rifleman. With the competition fast approaching, the Marines receives a motivation in between each and every practice fire. The motivation to shoot a perfect score comes in its different forms, but is still a standard among every Marine involved and this motivation turns into competition. With our practice we put ourselves above everyone else when it comes to competition. With the team's confidence soaring high, they head to Okinawa, Japan to compete and prove that the motto remains true. Every Marine is a Rifleman. Reporting from Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, I'm Lance Corporal Jennifer Ocho.


Hello everyone, Raif Derrazy here, and this is another weekly roundup of the latest HIV news for the week of July 17th through July 23rd. Today I'll be going through 13 articles covering topics ranging from ending AIDS by 2030 in Nigeria, the sixth possible person cured of HIV also known as the Geneva Patient, the attack on needle exchange programs in the US, evolving HIV terminology, peer support for young women in Uganda, prep among young gay men and young transgender women in Thailand, improving U equals U findings and more. I won't be reading the articles per se, but I will give you a brief summary, and sometimes I'll throw in my own opinions and commentary. If you want access to the complete articles, all links will be available in the description box below this video. So let's dive right in. Okay, first article SFH renews its commitment to chart the path that ends AIDS. The UN AIDS annual report, the path that ends AIDS presents a clear way to end AIDS by 2030. The Society for Family Health, SFH, Nigeria is committed to following this path, preparing for future pandemics and achieving global goals. The report shows progress but also highlights challenges that need urgent action. Women and key populations are not being reached adequately with many adolescent girls and young women still getting infected with HIV, especially in sub-Saharan Africa due to gaps in prevention programs and gender inequalities. To end AIDS, it requires political and financial commitment, international solidarity and local ownership. SFH supported by various partners is working to eliminate stigma and discrimination, provide support to key populations, empower young people and ensure access to HIV testing and care. They are also collaborating with authorities to prioritize communities and achieve universal health care, integrating HIV care into health systems and promoting gender equality. Paws.com, Geneva man, may be cured of HIV after wild type stem cell transplant. A sixth person known as the Geneva patient appears to have been cured of HIV after a stem cell transplant for cancer treatment. Unlike the previous cases, this man received stem cells without the rare CCR5 Delta 32 mutation that prevents HIV from entering T cells. He underwent the transplant in 2018 and stopped antiretroviral treatment in 2021. And for the past 20 months, there is no evidence of HIV rebound or replicating virus. Experts caution that further monitoring is needed as previous attempts using stem cells without the mutation have failed to eliminate HIV. While this breakthrough is promising, stem cell transplants are risky and not a feasible solution for most people living with HIV worldwide. Research continues to find clues that may lead to a more widely applicable functional cure, as we all know. I'm curious to know, not clear yet, how these stem cells without the CCR5 mutation were able to virally suppress this individual and I guess temporarily suppress some other examples in the past. It's curious to me, how does the stem cell itself able to do that? I don't know, maybe some more information will come out in the coming days and weeks as this continues to play out. As I just mentioned, this is not a viable option for most of the public. It's extremely invasive and extremely high risk and there have been deaths associated with the attempt of these transplants. We're talking about a functional cure, so even if this person is cured, it's a functional cure, meaning that there is still HIV in the body that won't ever leave the body from the stem cell transplant alone. Okay, in Medical Express, revealing HIV drug resistance mechanisms through protein structures. Researchers at the Salk Institute and the National Institutes of Health have uncovered how HIV becomes resistant to the antiretroviral drug dolutegravir, also known as Tivike, which is commonly used to treat the virus. The study, published in Science Advances, identified changes to the 3D structures of the HIV protein into grays that led to resistance. However, the researchers also found that an experimental drug called 4D was effective in blocking the function of dolutegravir-resistant integrase proteins. This suggests that 4D or similar compounds could be used to treat patients who develop resistance to dolutegravir. The findings provide important insights into combating drug resistance and offer potential avenues for the development of new therapeutics. Devato is the HIV medication that includes both dolutegravir and lamivudine. If we know how HIV is able to develop resistance, it can aid us in developing other more resilient treatments, such as using this drug 4D to help people who develop a resistance to dolutegravir. So that's great news, and I'm sure this can provide insights to applications with other drugs and other things like that. In cosmos, HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men more than halved in last decade. Australia is making significant progress in eliminating HIV in the community, with new diagnoses among gay and bisexual men decreasing by 57% in the past decade, according to the UNSW Kirby Institute. Overall, new HIV diagnoses have dropped by 43% in Australia, largely due to declines among men since 2019. The shift is attributed to HIV testing and the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis prep treatments. However, experts warn against complacency and stress the importance of continued vigilance among authorities and individuals to sustain momentum towards eradication. While the COVID-19 pandemic played a role in reducing exposure risk, ongoing education and normalized discussions about sexual health are essential to maintain progress. Monika Gandhi's new book combines lessons from HIV and COVID to better prepare for the next pandemic. In her new book, Endemic, a post-pandemic playbook, infectious disease expert Monika Gandhi presents a 10-point plan to prepare for future pandemics based on her decades of experience in infectious diseases, particularly HIV. The book discusses the concept of endemic pathogens that become a part of daily life and explores the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and previous pandemics. Gandhi emphasizes the importance of public health as a service industry that addresses holistic needs rather than using coercive measures. One of her principles is resources before restrictions, advocating for providing resources to those in need rather than implementing broad restrictions. Despite her left-leaning background, Gandhi's views on mask mandates and school closures align more with conservative perspectives, leading to unease as the response seemed to favor the elite rather than the working class. She brings up the point of school closures. Public schools remained closed while private schools opened up, negatively impacting communities who can't afford private education and directly benefiting the elite with the ability to go back to school, not only for continued education, but also for mental health of kids and also for the parents who otherwise would have had to figure out some way of taking care of their children. We actually just filmed our interview and we lightly touched on her book as well and went over some of these issues, and that will be coming out in the next two days from the time that this premieres, so look out for that. In Mountain State Spotlight, Mountain State Spotlight explains how needle exchanges work in West Virginia. Needle exchange programs, also known as syringe service programs, have been in existence since the 1980s to protect people who inject drugs from diseases like HIV. They provide clean needles and offer various health services to prevent overdoses, protect against blood-borne diseases, and connect drug users with medical providers. Research has shown that these programs are effective in keeping drug users safe and healthy, reducing the spread of diseases, and helping individuals enter substance use disorder treatment. However, some politicians in West Virginia have questioned their effectiveness and have passed restrictive laws that limit the operation of needle exchange programs. Despite evidence showing their benefits, these programs face challenges in the state leading to increased HIV cases in certain areas where exchanges have been suspended. I mean, this is just another example in the US of the politicization of fighting the HIV epidemic in which politicians pass laws that directly impact our ability to combat the epidemic, and laws that are not based on science or proven data that shows that things like needle exchanges work and they help, and that undoing that effort also hurts our ability to fight the HIV epidemic. It's senseless to me, I don't understand it. Politics home, advancements in the fight against HIV, ending new transmissions in the UK. The United Kingdom has made significant progress in managing HIV, turning it into a manageable chronic condition through testing, treatment, and public awareness efforts. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has enabled those with HIV to lead healthier lives, and early diagnosis and treatment have reduced onward transmissions. The undetectable equals untransmissible message has helped combat stigma and promote open discussions about HIV. Innovative testing strategies and campaigns have increased testing rates. Prevention efforts, including education, condom distribution, and access to PrEP have played a crucial role in reducing new infections. To end new HIV transmissions, addressing health inequalities and focusing on marginalized populations is essential. Sustained investment in prevention, expanded access to PrEP, and combating stigma are vital for creating an inclusive environment for HIV prevention and care. The Body Pro How advocates and the Body Pro inspired IIS to remove the term HIV infected from its abstracts. IIS is the International AIDS Society. The 12th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science has made a major victory for advocates of people first language by not using the term HIV infected. To refer to people living with HIV in any of its accepted abstracts. This change aims to honor the personhood of individuals with HIV and eliminate stigma associated with the term infected. The IIS employed various tools to encourage speakers and panelists to use non-stigmatizing language, including providing guidelines and flagging offensive words and submitted abstracts. The use of people first language, such as people living with HIV, instead of acronyms like PLW-HIV, is promoted. While this achievement required efforts from tireless advocates, it shows the power of addressing concerns and promoting change. This move emphasizes the importance of using language that respects and uplifts the lives of people living with HIV. As part of the HOPE cab and the wider 10 Martin Delaney collaboratories, we've been working for the past year to finalize a preferred HIV language document. When I get that completed version, I will do an interview with one of the MDC cab members to review and go into depth explaining the preferred terminology that we came up with and why we felt it was best. BeInTheKnow.org. Peer support helps young women in Uganda stay on PrEP. A pilot study in Kampala, Uganda involving 30 young women ages 18 to 24 who were struggling with adhering to PrEP pre-exposure prophylaxis found that peer support significantly improved adherence. These young women were at high risk of HIV, with more than half of them involved in sex work. Peers, their own age, provided in-person and phone support, including self-testing for HIV, monthly PrEP refills, counseling, and reminders to take medication. At the end of six months, 57% of participants had detectable PrEP in their urine, and all the young women who sold sex had detectable PrEP. The participants valued the private and non-judgmental support for peers, which was more accessible and convenient than clinical experiences. Providing peer support could be an effective way to help young women stay on PrEP and regularly test for HIV, especially for those at high risk or facing stigmatizing experiences in clinics. Addressing supply chain issues for PrEP and self-testing kits is also crucial for improving HIV services. SageJournals. Multi-level factors impacting PrEP engagement among young gay men and young transgender women in Thailand. A qualitative analysis. In Thailand, the HIV epidemic continues to pose a significant public health challenge, particularly among young gay and transgender individuals. Pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP, has been recognized as a vital tool to preventing new HIV infections, yet its implementation among adolescents faces numerous barriers. Adolescents often face material challenges such as cost and privacy concerns, while lacking comprehensive knowledge about PrEP's effectiveness. Relational factors, including stigma and misunderstanding of risk, hinder engagement with health care, leading to suboptimal PrEP uptake. They propose the integration of youth-friendly clinics as a promising strategy to address these barriers. These clinics, along with peer education and support, create an inviting environment for young people, encouraging them to seek care and adhere to PrEP. Unfortunately, recent government policies have restricted access to PrEP. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for a practice-based approach to PrEP implementation, involving sexually and gender-diverse youth at every level to achieve the goal of reducing HIV infections in Thailand. FredHutch.org, rethinking the when and where of HIV PrEP service delivery. Pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP, is a powerful tool for preventing HIV, but its availability remains limited in sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. Katrina Ortblad and her team conducted two studies in Kenya to test innovative models of PrEP service delivery. The first study focused on using private pharmacies as access points for PrEP, showing that this approach was well received and even more successful among older men. The second study examined the possibility of reducing clinic visits by providing six-month supplies of PrEP supported by self-testing kits and the results were encouraging, with increased adherence among certain groups of women. Dr. Ortblad's team is now launching a larger trial to further explore these models and improve PrEP accessibility in Kenya and similar regions. AfroCab, open letter, community statement on accelerating access to Lenicapovir by Gilead. Their site says we are sharing a statement from a community and civil society leaders, advocates and activists meeting on long-acting drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV, which took place in Nairobi in April 2023. In this statement, the community demands rapid action from Gilead to make Lenicapovir accessible in low and middle-income countries without further delay. Going on to say that Lenicapovir has the potential to revolutionize HIV prevention and treatment, offering a more convenient and acceptable option. It comes in the form of a six-month injection, which could replace the need for daily pills for both pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP, and HIV treatment. This is particularly crucial in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where stigma and adherence challenges limit the effectiveness of current methods. However, we must learn from past experiences with other long-acting medications to ensure timely access to Lenicapovir in low and middle-income countries. Gilead donors and governments must act swiftly, committing to affordable access and transparent plans. Donors should invest in market-shaping initiatives to prevent delays. Communities demand immediate action to make this life-saving drug accessible to all who need it. And Lenicapovir is also known as Sunlenka, which I believe is available in the States. I'm not sure if it's been FDA-approved yet or not, but I'm happy to do a video on Sunlenka and tell you more about this six-month injection as an HIV ARV. If you're interested, let me know in the comments below. This article examines the risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV-viramia, a systemic review. This article examines the risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV-viramia, receiving antiretroviral therapy. The study reviewed eight research papers with over 7,700 serodiscordant couples, which is where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV-negative, across 25 countries. The findings suggest that there is almost zero risk of HIV transmission when the viral load is less than 1,000 copies per milliliter. This research is essential for promoting positive public health messages such as undetectable equals untransmittable, which encourages adherence to ART and reduces HIV stigma. The results also support the use of alternative viral load testing methods in resource-limited settings to expand access to testing and better manage HIV transmission risks. Those are all the articles for this week. You can find the links to all the articles in the description box below this video. You'll also find links to my socials where you can follow along on other parts of my life, especially on Instagram, engage in discussion with me on Twitter and threads, and of course you can find me on Facebook, TikTok, and LinkedIn. Last week I published a video announcing and giving you all access to my Telegram group for our HIV community. I'll put up a card here so you can watch that for more information and get the link there. Very excited to continue opening that up for our community of people living with HIV. When I published this video, we had about 180 members of people living with HIV and now we are getting close to 900 members in under a week. And I'm seeing lots of wonderful discussions and support. So very, very excited to see where that is headed and how it's growing. Another big shout out to subscriber Tan Anderson for an amazing $28.98 super chat donation during the last premiere of my Telegram group video. So thank you so much to you, Tan Anderson. Again, for that donation, it very much helps. I'm curious to know on that topic how many of you would be interested in other ways to donate to my channel and the work that I do here if given the opportunity, maybe in the form of a Patreon or something like that. Let me know in the comments below if you would be interested in being able to donate through something like that.  I'm sure there will be some fascinating presentations and research shared and I'll be sure to cover as much of that as I can in this next week's HIV news video. Please like this video if you liked it, subscribe if you haven't already and hit that bell so you get a notification every time a new video comes out. And please, please, please share this with anyone who might find value in this content. This is the best way that you can help support me in my channel. Until next time, cheers!


My name is Abdul Rashid Moussa. I am originally from Ghana, West Africa, but currently based in Columbia, Missouri in the United States of America. I'll be an E4C Fellow in 2021. I advance in Sustainable Development Goal 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities, as well as Goal 1, No Poverty. I am excited about this fellowship as it allows me to apply myself towards making real-world impact and furthering and expanding the domain of workable sustainable solutions. As an E4C Fellow I will be working with the Bridges to Prosperity to evaluate the influence of trail bridges on the built environmental and rural communities throughout the world as a means of understanding their impact. I ascribe to the old wisdom of equitable collaborative and communal solution building for a better world, and I am here to play my part. Through this fellowship I believe I can positively influence the life of others, that the work that I do will serve as a means to a better tomorrow for many.


Hey everyone, welcome back to my channel. So I decided the day after Christmas to take down all of my Christmas decor. We are actually going to Pennsylvania. We live in North Carolina if you're new here and we are going to Pennsylvania over New Year's and possibly staying there for a little bit. So I didn't want to come home to all of the Christmas stuff still out. So I decided to just take the plunge and take everything down, put it in my tubs. I do store most all of it in our attic and yeah just kept keeping everything organized and labeled. I decided to kind of take my time doing this. I just enjoyed taking it all down and packing it up for next year and starting with a cleaning slate. I actually did a lot of the cleaning after I did all of this later that night and also the next morning. That is one thing that I'm starting to learn how to do is pace myself a little bit more and just not tackle too much at once. I'm a person that tends to tackle too much and I'm just learning that sometimes it's better to just do a little bit and sit down, be with your kids and then do a little more later. It doesn't all have to be done right at once. Do you guys use command strips for your stockings? I just feel like they're so convenient and really inexpensive. I know that there's a lot of weighted hooks out there that are really cute but when it's all done and said command hooks do the job. I wanted to mention that I got my tree from King of Christmas and I do have a discount code for them. I believe they may be running some sales here after Christmas. I highly highly recommend this brand. If you guys can see how full this tree is, it is gorgeous. Even my husband loved it. It was so easy to put up and it didn't have any big gaps in it or spaces missing anything so it made it look so fluffy. The other thing that is really nice about this one is it is pre-lit. I will leave what the exact name of this one is in the description box because I know I've gotten questions about it and you might be able to snag it for a great price stacking my percentage off with the sales. I'm sure a lot of you are thinking about New Year's and I would love to hear some of your big goals for your home in the New Year. Leave that in the description box. The thing that I generally do in the New Year is decluttering and just going through my house. I would say I probably do that about every six months and it really helps to keep your home in order to just go through things you know take inventory of the things you have, things that you haven't been using in the last six months and just get rid of stuff. So I know that's going to be high on my agenda and especially when you receive new things for Christmas or things that you can replace old things with. It really helps to get things cleared out. Total side note but don't take your flocked Christmas tree down with a sherpa on. As you can see I got little pieces of the flocking from the tree all over my sherpa I was wearing and this sherpa is from Amazon. I'll leave a link below because it is so comfy and cozy. I did end up sizing up just to give it a little bit more of an oversized feel but it also comes in a couple colors and it's definitely one that I grabbed pretty quick out of my closet. So for some reason these lights totally died like a week or so ago and so I am gonna have to get new ones for next year for these garlands. They weren't actually in the garland I did add them to the garland so I think they'll be pretty easy to just wind some new ones in but I don't know why sometimes the whole entire strip blows but this one did and another thing I wanted to add is you're seeing me take all of this stuff down but I do have a lot of decor that I'm gonna be putting back up. I have a lot of like fake plants and greenery and things like that but I wanted to get all of this taken down and get things kind of cleaned before I went ahead and put a lot of my decor back up. So you guys will probably see a decorate with me and just watch me put a lot of my things back that I had before I put Christmas decor up. If you haven't taken your Christmas decor down I hope this got you in the mood to do it and just kind of get a fresh start for the new year. If you're new here I'd love it if you hit the subscribe button and joined my little crew of DIYers and I don't know we're just a mixed-mashed bunch. I appreciate all the comments and chatting with you guys on Instagram. Also don't forget to give this video a like and I will see you guys in my next video.