OTAN, Outreach and Technical Assistance Network. 11Y you often see, and it's a numerator long. I had never in my life heard of what a numerinom is, but it's something in which they use a number to represent the number of letters. And apparently they thought accessibility was too long a word. So it starts with an A, it ends with a Y, and there are 11 letters in between. Literally, that's what it is, which I thought it was. Alright, so if you see it, this is accessibility. Welcome, come on in, join us. I won't get anywhere. A little about me. I taught since 1987 in basic skills is what I ended up in, various programs. And that gave me a lot of sympathy and understanding for the various programs that we have over adults, adults with disabilities, high school, distance learning. I was right on the cusp of distance learning when I retired, which was that summer after COVID started. My grandkids moved in with me. And so that is my focus now. So I work with OTAN and with my grandkids. I'm a jack-of-all-trade in the way of meeting things with OTAN. I write for, I write in the kitchen. Right now the noodle courses are being changed into Canvas courses. So now I'm learning about Canvas. And I work with teaching with technology as well. And so, and I do presentations. The things that I'm focused on at OTAN, the specific ones that I've kind of been the umbrella that they've given me. One is tips. And there is a presentation on tips later on. It's the triple E framework. And this is a framework for teaching that is simplified and is so, once you learn it, it's like you go, well, this just makes sense. How to make technology serve students and the learning rather than just be the fun stuff that technology is. And so we work with that, we're presenting that. I also work with CK12 if you are involved with materials, resources. I need things for my students. CK12 is one that you wanna know about because it's free and it's excellent. And it is like having a textbook online that has everything in it, including videos, simulations, all of it's AI in the course, and it's free. And you can customize it so that what happened today in the news you can put in the course tonight and talk about it to students. So that's another one that's very important. And I love Google and I never, I never feel that, of course they keep changing stuff. So, all right, all right. The goals today, accessibility, it's you. And I promise you, you're going to feel a little bit well. The first time it was presented to me some years ago, my first comment was crap, oh my goodness. Because I realized everything I would do was wrong. All the presentations, all of my resources, everything that I was so proud that I created that looked so good was wrong. And so I'm expecting that response from everyone else. But I wanted you to understand why it's important. We're gonna look at how California stacks up with the nation. I wanna teach you how to fish because if you're gonna know how to fish, you need to have a tackle box full of tools. And so that's one of my primary focuses today is to have you have that experience. I want you to have the experience. And we're basically sharing the screen. Oh. So I have to share it to Zoom. Oh, thank you. So they're all kind of sitting there. My fault. Well, I should have known better because I use Zoom all the time. And I know you're supposed to share your screen. And so go ahead and get out and do what you need to do. Okay, can they see it now? Yes. Okay, all right. Oh, look, now we get to see everybody. Oh, okay. Well, all right. Okay, so I want you to have an experience of a screen reader. That's important because that's what you're creating too. And so I want you to have that experience. We're gonna look at something that's called POR and it's an acronym for various aspects of accessibility. So we're gonna look at that. We are going to focus on Microsoft, not because it's the best, but because in a real way it was one of the first that actually started addressing accessibility. So many of the features that Microsoft has been focused on for quite a few years, others are now getting to do. And so we're gonna do Microsoft, not because I'm giving it an endorsement, just because you will have many, many materials and lots and lots of helps from them. Okay, we're going to look at Microsoft and we're going to use the accessibility checker. And I'm gonna demonstrate it. I'm hoping that you will be able to do it too. And if you can, I'm going to give you the slides and there's a link to it, to documents that you can practice on. When are we supposed to be done by? Not until 11. Have we got a question in the Zoom? Okay.  Yes. I thought so. Yes, you did. Yes. CK12 is a presentation. I'm giving it a plug, it's later. Because it's free and it's magnificent and I think that because of that, it might be, yeah. Okay. All right, so let's go to the end. I want you to ask questions all along the way. Don't wait till the end. We will be going live. Fingers crossed that I can make all the two questions. You stand at 11.40, just wanting you to know. Thank you. Thank you for the schedule. Thank you. 11.40. Okay. I wish the clock was right there. I wish it was much better. It's all I've heard of the students, not for you as far as I can. This lady's droning on forever. Okay. All right, so let's go. All right. Maybe here? Nope, not here. Okay. I'm not sure how to advance slides now. Where's you doing this? Just use the trackpad and click on the slide. Oh, the trackpad. Okay. Where on this slide? Anywhere on this one. Just on it anywhere? Just the trackpad. I'm going to have to use my notes with this because it's all numbers. This is to understand how large disabilities are in the world. According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion people in the world live with disabilities. That includes 360 million who have hearing disabilities, 285 vision, 380 that are working people with disabilities. And I thought, now why would they be bringing that out? Except that means that the workplace needs to be functional for them to be successful. In the United States, 61 million have disabilities, 26%. That's one in four have some type of disability. So it's large. It's large. But not just the numbers. Not just that you're saying, okay, I don't want to exclude that group, that large number of people that would not have access. If we approach teaching and the resources we create with the people who struggle in life, we will help many, many. In fact, we will find that we will also improve our teaching for everyone. Okay, if we're looking at California, I don't know, are they seeing the screen with this on it? It depends on their local, if they have it or not. Okay, all right. Well, I'm not sure how to make it so you can see everything on the screen, but it's okay. This is California and how we stack up. And you can see that 11% have mobility problems. 11% have cognition problems. Now that's maybe not something you thought as a disability unless you have it. You understand that it does give you great difficulties. We have 5% with independent living, 5% hearing, 5% vision, and 4% self-care. Some of those, when you look at, you may not think of them as disabilities because we are so focused on thinking it's mobility and it's hearing and it's seeing. But these things impair their lives. They struggle with them and they don't get to participate equally because of it. The number for California is 7,090,015. Don't forget the 15, I'm sure they want to be there. Which actually ends up to be about the same as the nation, one in four people who suffer from some form of disability. But think about it, when you use your phone, how many of you use a pinch to make things bigger? Are you disabled? No, we're using the same adaptive equipment to fit our own needs. I have found as I, I don't like to stay gotten older, but saying I matured sounds bad too. But as I have become more experienced in life, I find that there are times I will open a magazine and I can't read print because of the color contrast. I didn't have that problem before. And the first time I saw it, I thought it must be doing something different. Not that it was me, but it was the magazine. But that's also dealing with accessibility. Color contrast is a big issue. And as we addressed it, we then helped me. I think the book too. All right, no. Okay, so one reason that you should be addressing accessibility around yourselves and you can see who the up and coming people are and realize that in a couple more years, this room will be full. The second reason we need to do this is because it's a law. In 1973, some of you don't remember that year. And we had the rehabilitation act. And that's where things started. Okay, we had section 508. Then there was the Americans with Disabilities Act and the federal government issued that anything that the federal government produced would have to fall under this. Congress changed it to say that it was anyone who was funded by the government, which of course makes educators involved with that. In 1998, Congress amended that act to include electronic and technical and internet devices. And then in 2017, they said that by 2018, everyone had to comply with the web content accessibility guidelines, which you will hear as part of. And you'll hear that and they'll say it real fast and you have no idea what they're saying. And for me, I was too afraid to raise my hand and say, what, but that is what is very common. Like people will say it's WCAG compliant, it's WCAG 2.0, it's WCAG 2.1. And as it advances and gets more strict, more exacting, we will need to be more compliant as well. Now, I think this is one of my very most favorite pictures. I taught ABE, adults basic education, and I had students who had disabilities, wheelchair, hearing, vision. And we've just been talking about the law. And what happens with the law, my observation, is that you don't worry about it until it comes in your neighborhood. A few years back, it's gotten more advanced. In Sacramento, the Domino's, there was a lawsuit with the Domino's Pizza because their online way to order pizza was not compliant for people with disabilities. And they went to court and there was a lot presented and they lost. And so you suddenly get your restaurants becoming compliant because they lost. We will have the same happens to us. Education just needs the lawsuit. Suddenly, we will all go, oh, now I have to pay attention. Can I add something? Yes, Debbie? I recently read this book, Haban, by Haban Germa, who's the first deaf and white woman who graduated from Harvard. She's just an extraordinary memoir in which she says how disability drives innovation. She was not able to see the menu at her college. And she constantly asked for a certain, like, friend for her, right? Like, that raised dots. And she used different types for that, right? And she got so frustrated that she felt like she was the one who had to bring it up all the times. She was like, I don't know, is this my responsibility to always ask for it? I just don't know what's on the menu. So I can see that, you know, like for one student or one person who needs it, we need to think of that person and not exclude that. It's part of equity. Absolutely true. And the thing that's really cool is that you can make that difference. You can start it at your school and then let it branch out. And again, when I first got into this, it seemed like so much work. But times have improved. It's not that I've suddenly become brilliant. And now I can do it. Things have changed. Microsoft has changed. And so they have tried to make it so that if you just do a few things, the magic happens behind the door. So we're going to be looking at that. But you're correct. If your student has the courage to let you know that they can't see it or they can't hear it or it's too small or it's too big or their screen reader can't handle it, I applaud them because it takes so much courage to be that person that stands up and says, please do something to help me. My experience with my students was not that they are the ones that are out with the megaphone and they're picketing and they're protesting. No, they're like this. They adapt. They figure out a way to make it so that they can still go on that trail. They can still participate. And they are so grateful for every single thing you do. And that's one of my favorites. Okay. Accessibility is the key that unlocks information for everyone. As we make our information accessible across all sensory channels or at least more than one. And this is one of the things that technology is really helpful with because, okay, I give you a textbook. It's not in Braille. You can't read it. But if I digitize the textbook and you click on the button that allows the screen reader to read it to you, you can now read the textbook. And so thinking in terms of what you present in your classroom and have it presented in multiple channels whether it's that they are, it's being read to you or it's being, you can see it or you can have it described to you. These are things that we can start looking at in what we present. Can I move his thing? Or. Yes. Like that. Oh, I like that. Maybe I can move that. Oh, I like that too. All right. Another one. Navigation on the internet is mind-boggling. How many times have you sat there and just look and you can't see it? I want to print this screen. There's no print button. What am I going to do? What am I going to do? That kind of stuff. So presenting more than one way of navigation or even if you just explain the navigation so that they understand how they're going to be able to get around. Screen readers, as I'm learning and I'm just at the beginning of learning how incredibly powerful they are, use clues so that they can navigate the screen. Like you do.  When you look at a table of contents, when you work through a book, I don't want that. I don't want that. I don't want that. Well, what happens if you're blind? How are they going to discern where to get? Screen readers adapt to that so that they can tell headings and that they can then do it as a table of contents. And you've seen some of these things. You'll get to a webpage and right at the beginning, there's these links.  You're thinking, why could it just scroll? But they can't. So it allows them to get to the place and be able to do the same thing as you can do. And the last point, by implementing accessibility best practices, you will improve usability for all the users, not just the disabled. So doing this, adapting, creating, or changing, will make your teaching in your classroom more accessible for everyone. All right. Okay, we'll try that one. Okay, all right. Penny Pearson of OTAN taught me accessibility and she is from Alaska and she loves to fish. And so this was her illustration and I thought it was very appropriate. If I just give you a fish, then you get a fish dinner. But if I teach you to fish, it's more involved and it'll take me some time and you're gonna need a tackle box. And so that's what we're looking at today. We're going to get my goal is to give you as many possible tools and some sources so that when you have too many tools and you're just there over about places, you can go back. Okay, so that's my goal. All right.  I'm gonna share the sound. Can I help you? Yes, I just need to make sure that you're gonna hear the sound when I start this. Now that I've used this, but I teach a hypolysis. There it is, share sound. Excellent. Oh, it's a good practice for me as well. There you go. All right, so now this is a screen reader. You can Google this and they will give you many screen readers. And the experience is pretty amazing because some of these people, the person using it is narrating how it works for them, which is very cool. But this one is the one that I started and I want you to just listen. They're gonna tell you to close your eyes at a certain point and try and visualize what you would be seeing on the screen if you were only using a screen reader. Okay. People often ask what difference it makes if a document is accessible. Before they say they know that there is no one with a screen reader. Okay. They're receiving their... All right. Do I have a... No guarantees. Let's stop this. And is there a place on a screen where we can raise the sound to the one? I'm gonna close the row. We can get out of the presentation. And then... Oh, the presentation. Okay. Okay. So that's good. Okay. So let's try it again. No. Okay. So we're gonna stop sharing. And then we're gonna go back to sharing. And we've got the share sound and we're gonna do the full screen. It's muted there. Can you tap on the screen? Ask what difference it makes if a document is accessible. Or they say they know that there is no one with a disability that will be receiving their content. There are no guarantees. Documents are often shared among others. You don't want an accessible document attributed to your name or your company. Additionally, many accessibility features actually benefit and improve your reading experience for everyone. Today we want to simulate what someone who uses a specific type of assistive technology, a screen reader encounters when they access a poorly structured document. Then we'll show you what their experience is like once the document has been made accessible. Keep in mind that screen readers are just one type of assistive technology. There are many different types of disabilities and subsequently many varying technologies for people to use in experience content. In this video... I'll read it out loud if people can. So screen reader simulation. People often ask what difference it makes if a document is accessible. Or they say they know that there is no one with a disability that will be receiving their content. There are no guarantees. Documents are often shared among others. You don't want an accessible document attributed to your name or your company. Additionally, many accessibility features actually improve your reading experience for everyone. Today we want to simulate what someone who uses a specific type of assistive technology, a screen reader, encounters when they access a poorly structured document. Then we'll show you what their experience is like once the document has been made accessible. Keep in mind that screen readers are just one type of assistive technology. There are many different types of disability and subsequently many varying technologies for people to use in experience content. In this video, KMI, one of our section following specialist, is going to walk you through two scenarios to demonstrate the impact of creating accessible materials. First, take a look at this PDF. We have colored large text, graphics, a process flow, lists, and link text. So it's pretty standard. Now we're going to simulate using a screen reader. By covering up the document. This is how someone using a screen reader would experience it. Can you hear the audio? Correct. No.  And then we found ourselves and went up to a higher number. Together again, it's you too. And on the wall, Dumpty Dumpty, and on the right side of the pole, we have a tree to lay. They say they're hearing it in Zoom, so it must be about the speaker selection. Oh. They're hearing it in Zoom. That's interesting. You're just not hearing me here. That's right. The speakers are connected. Well, I'm trying to talk, I should come soon. It's not like me. They're all messed up. It's frozen. It's frozen. Can you click on something with the mouse? There we go. OK, now it's back. So back, I don't know how to do it. Your keyboard? OK. Give me one more. There it is. All right. Now, I'm going to use the props. I want to like what you do. Well, I'm going to explain what you do. I want to see. People often ask what difference it makes if a document is accessible, or they say they know that there is no one with a disability that will be receiving a clientele. There are no guarantees. Documents are often shared among others. You don't want an inaccessible document. Everybody here is OK. The Zoom colleagues can hear them until they can really hear. It's just hard. Yes, it's hard. All right. I don't want you to go through this. All right. That's funny. People often ask what difference it makes if a document is accessible, or they say they know that there is no one with a disability that will be receiving their clientele. There are no guarantees. Documents are often shared among others. You don't want an inaccessible document attributed to your name or your company. Additionally, many accessibility features actually fit and improve the rating experience for everyone. Today, we want to simulate what someone who is a specific type of assistive technology, a screen reader, encounters when they act as a poorly structured document. Then we'll show you what their experience is like once the document has been made accessible. Keep in mind that screen readers are just one type of assistive technology. There are many different types of disabilities and subsequently many varying technologies for people to use and experience content. In this video, Kami, one of our section of our private specialists, is a glove of officer with two scenarios to demonstrate the impact of treating accessible materials. First, take a look at this PDF. So we have colored large graphics by process flow. So it's not that unique. And link text. What else do you do? So now they're going to use screen reader and have a screen reader read to you. You're then to have your eyes closed and listen to what he says. This is how someone using a screen reader would interact with kids, kids of any age, sing a song, all the king's horses and all the king's men couldn't put Humpty together again. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a rainfall. Have a treat. Select a graphic item. Go with French graphic rights. Add a graphic page where the graphic travels graphic adults. Activities in play. Try some of these. Play a board game. Play a board game. Make a paper click match. Send an email to get more graphic local.jpg. Was that what you expected to hear? Was all the content read? Clearly, this page was not created in an accessible manner. Now let's listen to how the screen reader touched the content. Now that we've remediated the document, we're going to read it to you. Heading level one. Kids can be of any age. Heading level two. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a rainfall. All the king's horses, all the king's men couldn't put Humpty together again. Put Humpty together again. Heading level two. Have a treat. Graphic, acquiring a treat. Process, C11, full description. Heading two activities in play. Try some of these. These are three items. Starboard play a game. Starboard play a board game. Start board, make a paper click match. Start board, go to the park. Send us a link. Send us an email to get more great ideas. You should have noticed that the screen reader said that it was before the color of the phrases. The graphic had a meaning. Graphic had a meaning. It was read in the proper order. And it was read in the proper order at the top of the page. The content was read in the proper order. There was a list that included a number of total items. A link was indicated so that we can activate it so that we can activate it for the key words. And our process flow had a brief description, but indicated that there's a long description. So that you can review one method of handling complex graphics. We're going to show you one example of how to handle the graphic in this module. At level two, apply right this green project. List of three items. What's our travel through the column? List of two items. Nesting level one. List of level one. As on the right screen. List of three. List of nesting level one. Three is on the join of labor. A number list structure order is used to show order. And a sublist helps identify the hierarchy of the content. Hopefully you can see how important it is to structure. This kind of structure can be applied to all office documents and PDFs. Moving along to the next scenario, we also want to show you the impact of not providing the proper reading order in PowerPoint. That is one of the most common issues found in PowerPoint. Study this slide. OK, as time has gone on, they have created an acronym and you can write this in Google it and you will get much information about this. If the acronym is for and it stands for things need to be perceivable, operable, understandable and robust. OK, I don't know if we'll be able to read fast enough, but you guys can read it and see. All right, you can take a break. All right, I'll let you read it yourself. If we get the question on to educators, now options for adding accessibility. OK, that means a problem because there we go. And standards such as the web. OK, now let's try it. OK, there we go. Content accessibility guidelines provide guidance for how to do so. However, these guidelines often include technical language that can be confusing to even veteran developers. Fortunately, a set of simple principles as captured by the acronym POOR provide a better starting point. POOR stands for perceivable, operable, understandable and robust for qualities that define an accessible user experience. Perceivable content is presented in a way that it can be accessed with more than one sense. This accounts for both the needs of people with disabilities and those who are accessing the content in less than optimal environmental conditions. One example is the inclusion of closed captions and transcripts for video content. This will make the video more accessible to people who are deaf and hard of hearing. It will also make it possible for anyone to enjoy the content in loud environments where it would otherwise be inaccessible, such as while commuting on a train or a bus. Operable content in digital materials can be operated with a variety of input methods, ranging from the mouse to the keyboard and even speech commands. It also means options for navigation are provided. If the content of a digital material is marked up correctly, screen reader users can use a keyboard shortcut to bring up a list of headings. Using these headings, they can skip to the desired section without the need to listen to an entire page. Understandable content in digital materials is presented in a logical and predictable way as the user navigates through its various sections and supports for language, such as explanations of unfamiliar terms, are included or easily accessible. Robust digital materials are compatible across platforms and work well with a range of assistive technologies. Designing digital materials, according to widely supported standards, will make it more likely that these materials will continue to work as intended as new delivery technologies are adopted. The four core principles apply to both teacher-created and procured educational materials, whether they are commercially acquired or open educational resources. When selecting or purchasing digital materials and technologies, use the power of the market. Call on developers and publishers to add accessibility at the source. This will ensure accessibility is built in rather than bolted on after materials have shipped and the process of retrofitting becomes more costly and difficult. The POM initiative can help you with language you can include in your contracts. By addressing the need for accessibility at the source with developers and publishers, you will add your voice to a national movement that seeks greater equity in education. The National Center on Accessibility They're really good in terms of that, right? at aem.cast.org is your go-to resource for technical assistance. Together, we can develop and use learning materials that address learner variability and provide better opportunities for learning to all. Okay. All right. I particularly like the page when they showed you what the screen reader presents the boring version where all of the headings are there. So that is them scrolling. That is them doing what you were doing this way or scrolling down the page. They can just read through them and then click and go to the place where they need to come. So very, very good. All right. Okay. So we're going to look a little bit more at them. This is poor, which you can't see because it's way to come. Make sure the learner can see and hear your content. Add alternative text to images and other visuals. And that's one that you probably are aware of. What is the alt text? Okay. Close captions videos or provide transcripts or provide both. Okay. So provide sufficient color contrast between the text and its background and avoid content that can trigger seizures. Just yesterday I was working on a presentation with one of the other presenters and I went to pick a color for some of the text and I picked red and she says, no, no, no, please don't turn and pick red because for her it causes her, she didn't call it a seizure, but it was very, very unpleasant. So she said, just don't ever use red. And that's something that you learn. You learn which colors work and the contrast that you need to have. Also, green and red cannot be seen well by all, by everybody I should say, I don't know exactly who, but I know some people who have distinguished who cannot see them well. Like my son's color white, so he can't see certain colors. And the colors are different for different people. There's a large group that's red and green, which makes Christmas warm, but it also makes the driving kind of scary. Nothing. There's other color colors that for some people they can't distinguish, which we will look at a little bit later, but that means that if you're using color to communicate some information, you aren't communicating with them. Kind of something to think about. Okay, let's see if I can do it. No, go this way. Okay, this is P O, this is P O. Make sure your learners can interact with your content, with a variety of tools, okay? Provide clear structure with proper marking, proper marked up headings. Create descriptive links that make sense out of context. Provide sufficient time for interaction and response. That one wasn't one that I included readily. I was not comfortable with silence, okay? And so I would just move on. Not realizing that not everybody reads at the same pace and not everybody even understands as quickly. And so providing extra time is also something to add. Make sure that the content is not rely on color alone. You make sure that learners can understand your content and enjoy a predictable experience. What this means is that you always do it the same way, which kind of bakes off creativity. I'm a little bored. I think I'll change things up. That doesn't work well, okay? It demands extra effort on their part and they may lose it. And so make it a predictable experience and then once they've learned the pattern that you're presenting in, that they continue with it. Clarify expectations through clear directions and models. Follow conventions to ensure a predictable and consistent experience. Use plain language. That one was, I didn't really quite understand, except that we are worldwide people. And so if it's going to be in English, let them know it's in English, so that the screen reader can read it in English. And so let that be known and indicate the language of your content. All right, and the last one are robust. Ensure that your content will work well with the current and future technologies. Now that's tough. The future technologies haven't happened yet, but just expect that that is something that you are going to be addressing. Think about CDs. I have stacks of CDs and I don't have a computer that plays them anymore because I couldn't buy a computer that has CDs from it. So the world changes. Add metadata to make your content easier to find and use. And this is something that I'm just learning about. I love to do family history and you have all those old photographs and you can put metadata on it and it travels with the picture telling kind people, event, valuable. So this is valuable across all areas. Perform the accessibility check, all right, and perform basic assistive technology testing. Okay, so we're going to use Microsoft. I'm going to demonstrate. We're first of all going to go through it. You're going to go, oh my goodness, the list. You will have a copy of this presentation so that you don't need to, because it gets very much a lot of stuff to look at. And again, the reason we're using Microsoft is that they provide errors, warnings, and tips because it's levels of how bad it is. So you definitely want to get rid of all the errors, warnings you want to address too, but then they also give you tips. And so if they are trying to assist you with you, but it doesn't do everything and there will be times, it's also changing as YCAG is getting more, strict sounds so unkind. As it's tightening up. In other words, you had to get to the top of the mountain and they knew they couldn't do it in one step, so they're taking steps to get you there. And so as the step moves, you're going to feel like, which means that as you start making changes, you might want to make changes not just to pass now, but to be well within so that it'll pass next time too. We're going to use the tools, especially styles, and we will also in PowerPoint, we are going to use the placeholders. Okay, so we are looking at word first and this is where we have a list. Okay, use the built-in headings and styles. This is what when you used to highlight the word and you changed the size and you folded it and then because now it needs a little extra space, you just want to enter, enter. It takes care of all that. Never use the enter key. When you choose the heading, it will make it the right size and it will be sequential so that like if you start with title and then you go heading one, heading two, there's a hierarchy, okay, with them. Fonts need to be at least 12, bigger is better. Sans, Sarah, Sarah's are the little things that go on the letters at the bottoms and the top. They don't work well with screen readers and so just find fonts and they're making new fonts. I just learned about a font that I'm going to put on. Lexen. Say it again. Lexen. Lexen. Yes, and I just found out about that too. Yeah. Lexen. It's supposed to be the most, one of the better funds to read across the board, especially for people with dyslexia. I found out about it last week. Yeah, it's new. And of course it's free. So you just need to add it to your font. Okay. So yeah, go through the fonts and you can see, I use it in Google Docs. Like the most user friendly. Yeah. Well, and it addresses all the, these, well, like dyslexia. Okay. All right, so yes, you'll want to do that. And this is another thing they suggest don't use italics and don't use uppercase for emphasis. Okay. These things are hard to screen reader. So that's why you're not doing it. Spacing. Sorry, how about italics for titles? This was the instruction given to me. Okay. And it was not given with a little thought that says, and in this situation, we are trying for the most. Accessible. Okay. All right. No, no, no, that's fine. Because those are all the feelings that I've had when I've been all of them like, well, how about this and how about this? But this looks better. Okay. Spacing. You will not use the enter key. All spacing is done by choosing the correct heading and it will then put the spacing between the paragraphs. Then if the screen reader will not do this, it will not come to the end of the paragraph and say space. But the next thing is he's dealing with commands. And so if you have commanded the machine to do the space space, it'll say it. Okay. All text, all images have to have some kind of description and that's called alternative text for all text. Don't use text boxes, word art or watermarks. Okay. Columns. Okay. This was another way that we could be creative. I want the image over here.  Green reader goes nuts. So can't do that. If you're going to make columns and use columns, use the column command. And that's also true with tables. We're not going to really do much with tables because they're a tiny bit more complicated, but they are addressed in Microsoft. As long as you go to the table and you create it there and you put headings in it, the screen reader is good. Okay, continuing. Everything must be screen reader accessible. You'll check that with the accessibility checker. Colors need contrast. Don't use color to convey meetings so that if the wrong answers are all red, right answers are all blue. Nope. Have digital alternatives for printed coffee. This is a new world for many, many, many people who before had no access because the classroom was text and you gave them a book and that's what they, that's the only choice they had. So unless they could have a person who went to the class with them and read the text to them, they did not get to be a part of your class. So always have a digital alternative. And that's becoming more and more prevalent where some of our textbook publishers are dealing with this for you. So take a look. They may have it already for you so that it's available online and then people can read it that way. Hyperlinks. What's a hyperlink? We'll take it to the web type, right? It's what you click to go to someplace else. Don't use click here. Select here. That's meaningless. To someone who's blind, it's meaningless. So have it an intelligent one. Like if it's going to Khan Academy, right? Khan Academy, then they'll click it. And then it's an intelligent one. Also, don't leave the whole URL because the screen reader will read and they'll see no letter to them. Can you imagine some of those that are three lines long? Oh, my goodness. All right, provide a table of contents. And I'm going to show you how simple this is. If you use headers, there's a button in the corner. You, well, first you put yourself where you want the table of contents because wherever your cursor is, that's where they're going to put it. So if you're not thinking, you end up down there. So be sure you put it where you want it. And then you click on the button and they put the headers in the correct order and they are all links to the places in your document. So it's very cool. Use the accessibility checker and test with immersive reader. Okay, immersive reader is something that Microsoft has. And I added this slide because I had this experience. I am changing Moodle courses to Canvas courses. And I had created worksheets and the worksheets had lines for the students to write on. Okay, so I just wanted to try this immersive reader. Like I told you to do, I wanted to try it. So I opened up one of my worksheets and it read, use the link from WikiHow titled How to Write a Paragraph. Now the immersive reader is better than some of the screen readers. You can, but some of the screen readers, you can actually get different voices. They can be British, they can be male, they can be female. Yeah, you can have some of them. All right, but anyway, so I'm going through this. I'm thinking I'm doing great. Fill in the outline of the article, part one, part one, underscore, underscore, underscore, underscore, underscore, underscore, I just started laughing because all of my worksheets, all the lines, we're going to no longer be accessible. So try the immersive reader. It will, maybe you'll come away going, oh yes, I'm good. Maybe you'll go, oh no, I have more to do. Sorry to change all of them. Okay, now we're going to look at PowerPoint. Okay, use the built-in slide designs. Again, it is because the screen reader is looking for them. If they're there, it can do a hierarchy of what's happening in the PowerPoint. Okay, slide reading order. When we look at a slide, we kind of look at it the way we want to. We may go left to right, we may go top to bottom, we may go biggest to smallest, but we get to choose what we're doing. The screen reader is at a loss to do it the way you want. Now it's going to do it in its way, unless you tell it otherwise, but you can. You can tell them to look to the image first and then do the title or do the title or do the page number. You can tell it, so pay attention to the slide order. Slide animations and transitions are no. Text in images, this makes perfect sense, but I don't know why I never thought of it. You can't have it, but you're going to have it. So in your alt text, be sure that the words that are on that screen are read to them or they will have no ideas what's there. Use captions, subtitles, alternative audio tracks and video. Use alt text with all visuals and again, an alternative source of information. Hyperlinks, make sure they're meaningful. Sufficient color contrast. And we'll look at that briefly. Simple tables, font 18 or bigger and the accessibility checker. And I skipped this one. Each slide needs to have a unique title. Now to you, you know, this section of five slides are all about Google box, Google box, Google box, but the screen reader can't put them in any sensible order unless you make sure that the titles have given something different so that they can reference and find it, okay? Okay, color contrast. This is from color contrast. And it's called the color... I'm looking here, it's the contrast analyzer. And it's a free app that you get and you can just put it at the bottom of your screen and as a button, then you can come up at any time and check the contrast between your background and the color of your letters. So you can do that. And this one was never important to me until now. So there are times when I get my grandkids to come in and read to me because I can't get in. Okay, all right, this is my website. And this presentation is there as well as some documents for you to practice with. Now I'm gonna try and make it so that you're going to practice with it today. I'm hoping that we're 11, 40, is that what you said? Okay, all right, then there shouldn't be time. You're going to see that this is a listing of some of the resources available. And I truly mean some. At that site, I have the videos that you didn't get to listen to as well as some more videos. There's an accessibility toolkit, checklists, learning accessible modules, infographics, practice sheets. And I think we're going to go there. So I'm gonna stop the share and I'm gonna go here. All right, now start to share again. Share the sound screen, okay, share. Okay, now you will have seen this before. This is the OTAN website. And I'll let me go first to, this is the presentation site that I just gave you the address to. And at it, there's this page, there's accessibility resources. And all the presentations that I've given are here so that you have them and you can go through them when you need to. If we go to accessibility resources, you see the videos. And there's a couple of other ones that I ran across that I really like. This one is the one that you saw about POOR. This one is on how to use a color contrast analyzer. Very, very quick, very simple. So those are good. Then these are resources. And this is a list of great resources. We're gonna look at some of them and then at the bottom, there's some documents that you can practice. Also there's by the way, compliance checklists. That's useful. There's Excel, PowerPoint, Word. And so we have the legal documentation too. All right. Now I would show these. Well, let me see. I wanna show you this one. This is done by the POOR people.  And it's really quite remarkable because there were all those sections and then here's all the links to learn how to do every single one of those things that they say you're supposed to do. Oxford guide to plain English. There's just, it's interesting what they've got here. Oops, pardon me. Okay. So I like that one. I also, the accessibility tips by California Eosivics Exchange, that one is very good. This one was created. This is the one that was given to me first. And so it's a document that talks about all the things that we talked about. Images, spacing, tables, and they're all here in this document. Now it's not linked. This is, but oh, I'm wrong. There's the color contrast analyzer. Now I'm gonna go quickly, but it talks about hyperlinks and all the things we talked about. And here we've got links to accessibility. PDF compliance checklist. And I wanna show you the very last page. Okay. More about the color. There's several color analyzers out there, okay? They talk about hex codes and stuff like that. But these were tutorials. Now, lynda.com is not called lynda.com anymore, okay? So, but they have amazing things. It's linked in now. And all of the accessibility is there. So it's there for you. But we also have more helpful links for you. All right. Now the other thing I wanted to, okay. I was running for the panel. Okay. So this is one place you can find resources. Let's see.  That used to be that my list was identical to their list, but they keep updating their site. And so this is really good. This is a good place to go. And they've got them organized. This accessibility is flyer. They are very good looking. Let me show you what they look like. This is something that when you go back to your teachers and you want something to show them, the basics. Oh, very nice. And they have it for PowerPoint word. All right. Let's go back, okay? So that's there. They also getting started.  And so a good place to get started. Resources for people with specific disabilities. If you have a student and you're just at a loss to know how to address their needs, that's here. Microsoft, the accessibility section is very good. Actually, it's huge. Every time I go back to Microsoft and the things that they have, it's just huge. And constantly they're working on it to keep it going. So lots there. PDFs, that's my emphasis right now. Apple, Google, accessibility, browsers, more word about those. Website content accessibility, alt text and captioning, color contrast checkers, making audio, video and presentations accessible. And then this is a presentation that this presentation was based on. It was given by Penny and it's a couple of years old. But so it is here. And notice this is presented the way it has to be done online. So you've got your closed caption. You also have your transcript. And in this, they also include the description of what is happening on the screen. And you've seen this in movies where they will say, Sirius music. Yeah, I love that. And yeah, sometimes it makes me laugh. I'm not that mysterious. But anyway, that kind of thing is what helps give an unequal experience to the people that are watching it. All right. Now, I wanna show one more. And that's a favorite of mine. Let's see if I can find it. Okay, National Center on Accessible Educational Materials. This one is, it speaks to me. So I understand it. This one place was worth the whole thing but the whole site's great. Personalizing the reading experience. Customizing the display of information so that different browsers can use it. And they'll show you how it's done. How to resize the things you need to address. And then using read aloud. What do you need to do to be able to have your student use read aloud? And then try it yourself. What is your student experiencing? That's really useful because especially when you're trying to help your students speak to them about things, having gone through it and done it yourself, you can really make it so they will understand it better. Okay, let's go back up to the top because this whole place is cool. Create, designing for accessibility. Documents, video, accessible STEM. Math is always a little more hard. Websites, social media posts. Will you to acquire more information about different things? Decision making and accessible formats. Defining accessibility. So if we go back to use, using accessible formats, personalizing reading, personalizing the writing experience, testing with accessible math, teaching, sorry, teaching with accessible math and teaching with accessible video. And it's a very friendly site so that you won't feel like you don't understand what they're talking about. Okay, so let's go back. Here at my website, there's one more thing available. And that's practice pages so that you get to practice. And so there's a variety because you'll want to try it over and over again. But the one I want to use and show and demonstrate today is accessibility practice word. And I want it in Microsoft and it's not, it's a doc. So how do I get it so that it's in Microsoft? Find, file, download from Microsoft. So that's the first thing you want to do. So that now you're seeing it in Microsoft. Maybe he didn't hear me talking about it. All right, I'm gonna try it again. Oh, he did it at the bottom. Yes, always. Okay. All right. Now I'm using Laura Ibsen. I've done it in two pages. Maybe you'll have a question. Okay. All right.  Okay. Now, if I come to this heading, let's see. Nope. I'm gonna make it do it here. And if you were on this document, you would be able to do it too. Okay, let's see if I can, there we go. Now, when I go here, the styles are here. And they say it's the title style. So that's already there. That was good. But so now let's come down and let's go to this one. And I'm gonna highlight it. And I've given you some clues. No, this way. So I'm gonna highlight it. And I'm gonna go, I can go up here because the styles are here as well. They're right here. But they also open this little box right here so I can do it right there. So this one, I wanted it to be heading one. Did I get it? Yeah, heading one. So it's verified. And then the next one, if I go down to the next, down. And I highlight it. No, nope, not in the right spot. And I'm coming up here to styles, the shortcut. And I'm gonna pick two, heading two. Okay. All right. So now let's go down the document. And I'll just be able to do all of it. See, there's a three here and a proposal. And I can take the threes and the twos and stuff off. Okay. So that way, well, I guess I better finish the rest of it or I can't show you how to put the, I lost it. So what this means is that as you are putting in your headings, you do it as you go. When I have to go back and fix things, it takes longer. And I have to fix other things like if I put an extra space in. And I find that people who have made webpages and if I take documents and webpages, they'll very often have extra spaces. So that this, you'll find them. And we're doing three on this one. And this one looks like there's some extra spacing. There's spacing above it and spacing below it. And I would think that's probably more than I'm gonna want. So I'm gonna go back to this one and I'm gonna check right there. No, no, there's no extra, no extra. So we're good. And I can take the three out. I'll go back up. Now I can also come up here and I can go here. And if I wanna see him, I can do it there. So I can do it there too. They have a variety of places for it. Okay. All right. So I've got my headings. Now, the next thing we've got is an image. Actually, there's a couple of images. One's a graph and one's a photograph. Okay. Now, at the same time that we're dealing with accessibility, we also are starting to deal with copyrighting. And images, I'm sure you've got those images. Never paid any attention to that ever before. I just found images and I put them in. And then I at least would ask Google to give me ones that I could legally choose. So I felt good about myself that I had done that. But now the thing that, and this all makes sense. If they wanna find this image, where will they go? So I've got the link right there. But what's the screen rate we're gonna do? I'll read every single letter. So that doesn't work, that's not helpful. So let's go down to this and make it a useful. What do I need to do with this? You put this in a link. Okay. So, it's my screen, I'm gonna maximize there. Yeah. Okay, this isn't the one we're doing, working on. That one is. So let's maximize you. All right, there we go.  Let's go back up to the one I was working with. Now I have, oh, there, there, finally came. I was going, oh my, oh wow. Okay, so this is Renewable Energy, Wyoming, Foot Creek, M.H. by Flickr, and there's the link. So, what should I do? Oh, the insert, there it is, right there. Now, before I click on that, I need to highlight what I'm gonna use. So, what do you think would be a good title for this? What you'll have on the top, Renewable Energy. Could do that one, could do that one, Renewable Energy, Wyoming, except that it's wind turbines. And I didn't say it was wind turbines. So, look at it. What is it that you're trying to say with that picture? So, you could just do a roll of wind turbines. Now, it would be even better maybe if you said it was in Wyoming, unless you don't care. There are a roll of wind turbines. Okay, so, what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna try to do, is I need the link. That's what I'm gonna add to it. I'm gonna copy this, control C, and then I'm gonna come up to hyperlink. And the hyperlink has the link, the address, here's the address, and what I wanted to say. Text to display. Okay, so that's what I'm going to erase that. That's not what I wanted to say. And that's where I'm gonna put the other end. And I'm gonna write wind turbines. So now, I can erase this other part. Okay. Because I've included the link of where they can find the picture if they want. The second thing is, it doesn't need to be the same size as all the fonts on the screen. In fact, if you started to look at this and began to see it in magazines and stuff, sometimes it's so tiny, you can't read it. Okay, so I can also make it smaller. I'm gonna keep moving down screen. Okay, now I've got a graph. Okay. And the same thing's gonna be true here. Except that, okay, so I've got an image that I need to tell them where I got it. And I can do that right underneath of the same way we did it before. But I also need to tell them what this is. This is where I need to do the alt text. Okay, so in the image, and then come up here to alt text. It's in review. Usually, when you right click at the alt text command comes up, and I'm puzzled while I'm having troubles. Usually, the accessibility is right here. So, while I'm here, apologize. Maybe right click, there'll be, I use more Google Docs, so. It shouldn't be right click. Now, let me get out of the image because maybe I'm already... Maybe you didn't get selected, right? That's the thing is that it's not acting right. Okay, so there's the image. We've got the image. Yeah, let's come up here. Well, first I'm gonna right click. And then it should be more about picture, the last one. Well, I'm usually a sense of alt text, but maybe. And then, I think it's the last one. Like the right there, with alt text. Yeah, like the, yeah, I think there. I'm gonna be not there. Oh, there we go. Okay, now what we're experiencing is versions of Microsoft. And so, what your machine does, may not look anything like what my machine does. And obviously, this is not what my machine looked like last night. And so, if you're really struggling and having a hard time finding the alt text, then go to help. Where's the alt text? Okay, so we're here to alt text, and they want a title and a description. And in the description, I need to be descriptive. So I need to say something about this, about the different levels and what they mean. So I might say something like, their description was that it's a chart. And so that's Microsoft trying to use artificial intelligence to say, lose the chart, and that's all they'll put unless you put something more. So this is capacity entries. And if this was me, I would go through it. And because I can't stand because I need to scroll this up, then I'm wanting to move forward and get to the PowerPoint. I can't show which one is which, except that when you look at this graph, you'll realize that you said, it's really low. Okay, but I would put that here. I would put that in my alt text. Okay, now did I also do the picture above? We did the captioning. I mean, we put the, where you find it down below, but I don't think we did the alt text on it. So let's go see if I can get the alt text for this one. Or that picture was a roll of wind turbines. Everyone's doing it on Microsoft as it well. And that's cool, I'm pleased. But I'm gonna take the extra little for reaching out of there. This is funny, sometimes it's pretty funny. It'll make you smile, it's just cool. All right, so now let's look at the rest of the document. Get out of that. All right, we did the alt text. We did the headings. Okay, oh, and what I've done on this document for you is that I'm supposed to be doing the one above and then you would do the one below, but apparently I've gotten confused. But now we're going to go forward. Now, we need to do an accessibility check. And when I was searching before, I never saw where they put it, which tells me, this is an old one. And, okay, yeah, and the old ones, and you go right here and you go, and it's here, accessibility practice is the title, the check for issues. And I can inspect the check for accessibility. That's the old ones. If you've got an over version, that's where it will be, it'll be there. Okay, so it tells me I have errors and I have warnings. Oh, and part of it is because this particular document, I only did one section of it, so the other two, that's why there's unclear hybrid text, but I can click on it. All right, missing alt text, and I can go to there. And they're saying that I didn't tell what that one was. Okay, and so I can fix that right click. And they also tell you how to do it, which is really very useful. All right, so we're here, we're on it. We're going to right click. We're going to go down to format picture, and then go to image, and there's the alt text. And we call this renewable energy in California, solar panels. So that was that one, so I'm done with that one. So I can close that one. Infrequent headings, okay, there's problems because I didn't finish the whole document. Unclear hyperlinks, but it gives you everything you need to do, and it's all right there. And as you saw, when you correct it, it disappears. Okay, all right, I want to go to PowerPoint. Make sure to unpause your share. Unpause my share. Okay, just one second. I'm going to not save it so I can use it again. All right, now I'm going back to my document up here, and I can then go to say, oh, we're here. Okay, I recognized it. And I'm going to go to the PowerPoint. So in word, alt text, if you want to be really great, identify the picture and where you got it, that's going to come. So you're just ahead of the game. Alt text, headings, headings, headings, headings, and then don't put spaces in, don't use the color and things like that. Okay, you're good. Okay, so right now, then be good. Okay, so now let's look at PowerPoint, because again, just like with the other, if you do a few things, you're good. Okay? All right, so, how many? Sorry, nobody on Zoom can see your share because it's still paused. How do you pause it? Well, if you can't see your share. Oh, I must have hit the button. Hi, I'm so sorry. It's not supposed to be checked. Oh, it's been a while since I've used a good one. All right. All right, let's get rid of you. Okay, now, just looking at this presentation, this is a simple PowerPoint. I don't think you're going to think it's too weird. Okay, it's over here. So we've got that screen, then we've got that screen, and we've got that screen, and we've got that screen. Okay, it doesn't look bad. So now let's go to the accessibility, and I'll check to see if they put it here. It is. And tell you why. All right, missing slide title. Actually, there's 11 missing slide titles. When you do PowerPoint and you start at the beginning, remember how they, wrong thing. Okay, so we're going to go to home. And right at home, they have you put in a slide, insert a slide, let's look at the different designs. These are formatted for a screen reader to read. Don't start with the blank one. Because there's no title on a blank one. There's no titles of the slides. They're not giving anything to the accessibility reader to use. But if you start here, see the works are done for you. If not, you get to go back and fix it. Okay, so let's go back and fix it. Okay, so let's go back to the first one. And they said that there's missing titles. So they're showing me which titles are missing titles. So slide one's missing a title. Now if I click on, I wish I had checked this machine with it so I could, because what happens is that a little command comes up and says, do you want to use this for your title? And you say yes, and you move on to the next one. That's how easy this is. Okay, slide title right there. Set as the slide title, done. Okay, next one, slide two. Set as the slide title. This is not hard. Now, let's pretend there's one screen that you wanted to be the whole picture. You've done this before. I have too. You don't want a title on it. The aesthetics is not what you want. So let's go to slide title. And you can put it behind. So I could say, I don't know, one when making part of it. I've also seen people do this. Okay, I'm not, let's see if I can do this one. Okay, I'm gonna come here to that title and I'm gonna grab it, hopefully there. And I'm gonna move it up. You're kind of cheating. It's still there for the screen here. It's off screen. It's off screen. So you can do that too. So that's kind of cool. All right, so they're talking about missing slide titles. You need to go through all those. And then I need to tell it the order of reading. Oh, here's the alt text. It's all right here for me. So I could write here that this is the woman making pottery. Okay, so that one's, oops, would be good if I spelled it right. All right, and so you can do that. And then we want to also do, oh, here is the accessibility. Oops, how interesting. I've got my commands, but they don't have the rest of the power point. They, I think because you went to the slideshow. I think I did. I think that's what I did. So let's go back and get out. We're out of this. Do you want to go to the current slide? Well, the current slide, I just wanted you to be able to get my information of what time are we at. Oh, you know what? Right. All right. I'm sorry I wasn't able to finish with power point. Okay. So the power point, use the suggestions they made for layout. Be sure you have a title on everyone. That'd be sure that you have all texts on everyone. These are the same things. And as you get used to them, they won't seem so intimidating. Okay. All right. Now the next question is where should you start? And start where you are now. Don't try and do all of the stuff you've ever created because you are creators and you've got lots of stuff. So start today with what you're starting to create. And then if you need to bring a document from the past and use it again, change that one. Go to have a plan, learn more from all the resources that we've worked at today. Start small. This can be incredibly intimidating. It can be incredibly intimidating. It can just frustrate you and make you want to quit. If you are in a program like there's several teachers in the program, several ESL teachers, several ABE teachers or even just several programs that want to get going on this, work together. Create documents together and make that work. Share the results. And don't worry about yesterday. When you start thinking about this and thinking about the liability and that there's documents out there online that you created and they're not accessible. And oh my goodness, lions and tigers and bears, oh my. Intent is important. You're starting from today and you're working on it. So let that be your guide. For me, my accessibility 101 would be to practice using the Microsoft accessibility tools that we did to the word Microsoft PowerPoint and practice the accessibility. Find out where it's on your machine so that you can easily access it and use it. Practice using the color to contrast her. That one's a big one. And it's a simple one. It's not going to be a hard one, especially watching that video and how to use it. And you'll be able to then use it all the time. I would tell you. Thank you for the introduction. Good morning, OTAM attendee. Lunch is now being served in room 203. This is the same room you visited this morning for coffee and pastry. A very important note, if you have not registered or checked in, please do so before getting lunch. Your event batch will be required. Please go to the counseling center, which is located adjacent to the main office. Thank you. Very good. Well, hurry so that you can be able to have a line. All right. I would tell you to go here. The National Center on Accessibility. I learned so much. I went everywhere and spent days reading, reading, reading, reading. And you will feel more comfortable when you do that. But this one really was remarkable to me and very helpful. And then definitely check the OTAM resources because they update them. They have all of the different kinds of things you need to be concerned about and they're all there. So definitely try those. All right. Those words on Zoom says thank you very good. Oh, very good. All right, here's the website again so that you can be sure that you can get the copy of the documents to practice with. Be sure that when you take those documents and use them that you create them in Word or you download a copy so that you can have the original and you can go back and do it again until you feel real comfortable with it. Any time you wouldn't, if my health can be a benefit to anybody, just contact me. It's going, the agency is going and love to help. I have now a different attitude. And when I do the accessibility checker and it says you have no accessibility issues, I feel so good. And so that's what I hope. So thank you very much.


Alrighty, so I'm gonna check this stuff out here. I think this is going Very well some good stuff there Love all this here, and I'm big fan of this It's all great of the adjustment there And then getting to this part. All right. My main thing is This is all cool. Like I love everything you have here. I'll just be careful as you move on For your next past are offsetting things so that you know, these guys are a bit more offset Yeah, they're coming up together so stopping at the same time That's all cool I Love this. I love how he goes in and out in and out These guys here. So the main thing I will concentrate on for next time is actually this part here Just because everything is great. You just can just start offsetting and you know proper splining but then That Feels very very that's you that's your meaty part. That's your main moment, and that feels very light You know, so I think getting this into a spline and and working on this section, right? So from here to here right that whole blurb that I'm marking here in the timeline, which actually you can't see I'm gonna bring this up here. There you go. So That's all cool. So from here on To like here so that section. That's what I would I would work on Just because it really needs to have that feeling of it's kind of tough with that step mode You can't really see but like that whole beginning Where you will go with your body back and his face will be here and he's still he still has all that But he really brings his back, you know curves it back so then he can like yeah at this point This will be really to me a more of a strains You know moment here where you know, this might be disappearing, but he's just taking is bringing his back arching back So that it's not just all out of arms It feels like it's just kind of doing arm wise I think that needs to be something a bit more that can bring those arms up And I think if you bring that in a very violent fashion back here, right? So that it's really arching back and then when he goes to here You know, it would be a moment of He lifted that thing so quickly That What's the word Like it it lifts that's the ground it lifts the hammer up and then down and it's kind of that whoa That that initial up there will be from him lifting this through here and then it can kind of Come back down here, and then he will bring his He could keep this here and he could bring his shoulder lower Right, so he almost He almost ducks a bit To get the shoulder underneath this so then he can be Here right so he will go the hammer will go up here Go down he will bring the shoulders underneath and that will give him an arc like this to go back up in there Something like that. I mean, it's it sounds like a lot of changes, but the main thing to me is involve his back involved his arms But mostly the back here, so it's not just his arms, you know, and then it's like a big lift It's not just like a straight arc back I mean, that's kind of the main thing that I have for this guy Unless you read is doing unless you're not doing kind of the dip it up and it's just all about the backswing Which you can do but even then I still would have come it out of his back, you know So that way you can have that leg pose here, but then everything kind of you have that overarching back Line of action there Which will end here, you know hope that makes sense That's all cool again. I love everything else. It just needs, you know, you're splining and breakdowns, but that's the main thing here where It's so heavy and it's got that, you know the bent arms And as he comes up, I feel like there's just not enough in his posing Indicating that he's really trying to get this up So again, this will be one of those where, you know, it will be a bit more My super crappy drawing here, but back Have the guy back and potentially, you know, lift his head back so that you can have like as You know, he's back here And you the drawing tool that I have is not really so that here you would have potentially A straighter straight align so that's your It's your guy here, you know, so you have you can keep all this But the back will be arched and then you would have this arm be fairly straight So you're gonna be kind of like that, right? But you want to bring this all the way back and have that arm down here Yeah As of now when you play in real time, it's it's still to poppy especially from Here to here that's such a big moment. That's missing so Out of everything I would really work on this first That's your main moment was once you have that He walks back and whoop You know, there's a lot of more physics stuff and and you know all basic mechanics and But You know after all that cool moment the cool acting poses and everything you don't want it to fall apart here Basically, right? Thank you All right, there's an email you can sign up you can start whenever you want you can submit whatever you want You get 16 submissions either way like and subscribe would be awesome. All right. Thank you


Got your micro bit and looking for project ideas? Well in this tutorial we'll make a scratch micro bit fruit circuit We'll go from zero to hero and have those fruit pieces humming in harmony in no time coming up Hello world surfing scratcher here Teach yourself a programmer bringing you the goodness of learning to code through video tutorials So that sounds like something that you're into considering that subscribe button. All right. Here's what you're gonna need for this tutorial a Microbit that's powered by USB or a battery pack You need four alligator clips and cables. Hey, nice mustache Whoa, look out for paper clips. Bless you You need four pieces of fruit boom And of course scratch I've got all the tech materials set up in a kid on kid.com support this channel by checking the link in the description But hey, let's make some free shoes I've created this scratch micro bit simulator that will just display some feedback on the stage here But you can use an empty project. I've got a link to this simulator in the description below if you want to check it out Let's connect up our micro bit if you need some help with this I've got a card in the top corner for you right now to go check out All right, let's just have a little refresher on the pins We've got the pin zero here one and two that we can connect to we can also connect to the ground pin and when we have a Alligator clip or something connected to a pin number and the ground we complete a circuit So basically means that we're transferring energy in a circuit through the micro bit from the battery Let's make our first circuit. I've got this yellow alligator clip here that we're going to use to make our first circuit First let's connect to the ground All right, our alligator clip is now connected to the ground. Watch what happens when I touch the zero pin Boom pin zero connected. We can do the same thing for the other pins Now this just works on the simulator because I've already got it set up Now currently we've just got one cable here that we're using to complete our circuit We can introduce a second cable to help us out. Let's do that as you can see here I've got the ray cable connected to pin zero and the yellow cable connected to the ground now if we connected to ends of these cables We should have a completed circuit Yee-ha pins connected now if I go in and touch the ends of these two cables. We should have a completed circuit That's because I conduct electricity just like you all right We're going to attach these two paper clips to the ends of the alligator clips Cool now they're attached. We're just about ready to get our fruit involved I'm going to use a lemon and a kiwi fruit now What we need to do is get the ends of those cables with the paper clip and just insert them into the bits of fruit Now they're connected now when we touch the fruit with our hands. We should complete the circuit and we do Let's see what other fruit works. I've got some other fruits here to test. Let's try a strawberry Connected. Do you think the apple will work? No luck What about an orange? Connected Have a blueberry here No luck on the blueberry Lastly, I've got a potato Potato is flowing All right, let's connect the green and the black alligator clips to the other two pins Cool, let's just test those connections I've just gone attach some more fruit to our alligator clips now We've also got a strawberry that's on pin one and we've got the lemon that is on pin two Over in scratch, we can go to our micro bit categories and we can go find the hat blocks when the pins are connected We can just duplicate this twice So we have one for each pin and we can just go in and change which pin is connected I want you to jump into the music extensions Once you're in there, we're going to drag out these play note blocks Make sure you've got one for each pin and then go in and change the note Cool Then if we jump back over to micro bit, we can test out our sounds So remember, you need to have your hand on the crown switch Now I'm going to play the potato Let's play the strawberry And now the lemon Cool, you can go through and tap these and that's quite fun We'll park this tutorial there I've got some cards coming your way to show you some more interesting uses of our fruit And you can also check out the description Time for a scratchy question and I want to know if you tried some more fruit or vegetables Drop a comment in the section down below to let me know what worked or didn't work for you Hey, thanks for checking out this fruit circuit tutorial Like, subscribe, ring the bell if you're new around here and have a scout some other content on your screen right now Show your support for surfing scratch note by checking out exclusive content on my Patreon page My funky red bubble gear or by joining the mailing list all links below in the description But until then I'm off to go find a wave. I'll catch in the next one


So now let's see if we can solve equations by completing the square. So let's try to solve x squared plus 8x equals 15. So we want to find c where x squared plus 8x plus c squared is a perfect square. And we note x squared is a perfect square. c squared is also a perfect square. And so we want to make sure that 8x is 2 times x times c. And solving for c, again, we can rearrange these products any way we want to. So 8x is 2c times x. So 8 times x is the same as 2c times x. And so we want 8 to be equal to 2c. So c is equal to 4, and c squared is 4 squared, otherwise known as 16. So that says if I add 4 squared to x squared plus 8x, we'll get a perfect square. Well, in math, you can get anything you want as long as you pay for it. So here's my equation x squared plus 8x equals 15. I want a plus 4 squared so I can buy it as long as I pay for it. In this case, because it's an equation, I can do the same thing to both sides of the equation. So I'll add 4 squared. On the left-hand side, I get x squared plus 8x plus 4 squared. Over on the right-hand side, I get 31. Now remember the reason we did this was to make sure that our left-hand side was a perfect square. And it is our left-hand side is the square of x plus 4. And now we have a power equation. Square equals number. And so that tells us that x plus 4 is a square root of 31. Either x plus 4 is the principal square root of 31, or x plus 4 is minus the principal square root of 31. Solving each equation separately, which gives us two solutions to this equation. How about 4x squared equals 25 plus 12x? The first thing to recognize here is that if we have any hope that this is going to be square equals number, we have to have equals number. And so this equals 25 plus 12x won't work. So we'll rearrange things. We'll subtract 12x from both sides and get something equals number. Now we want to find c, where 4x squared minus 12x plus c squared is a perfect square. So we know that 4x squared is the same as 2x quantity squared. c squared is, of course, c squared. And we want to make sure that minus 12x is 2 times the square roots, 2x times c. And so now we can solve for c. And we find that c is equal to negative 3. So c squared is negative 3 squared. So we'll add this to both sides of our equation. Over on the right-hand side we get 34. Over on the left-hand side, if we've done everything correctly, what we should get is the square of 2x plus c. So the left-hand side should be the square of 2x minus 3. And so now my equation is in the form square equals number. So I know 2x minus 3 is either the principal square root of 34 or negative the principal square root of 34. And we can solve these two equations separately, which gives us two solutions to this equation. How about something like 3x squared plus 5x equals 8? Well, there's actually three different ways we can solve this by completing the square. Pick which one you like. Now, if we don't want to think about this problem at all, we can proceed as follows. We want to find c, where 3x squared plus 5x plus c squared is a perfect square. And so 3x squared needs to be the square of something. So it's got to be the square of the square root of 3x. Now, there's a little bit of a problem here. Because we've introduced this square root of 3 here, it's going to show up in all the rest of our problem. And if we proceed in the standard way from this point, we end up with something like this. We figure out what c is. We add c squared to both sides, which gives us a perfect square. We take the square root of both sides, remembering to use our plus or minus principle square root, and then we solve the whole mess for x. So if you don't mind ending up with solutions that look like this, you can solve this equation without giving it any additional thought. On the downside, an expression like this is hard to work with. So maybe we can try to end up with a simpler expression if we give our equation a little bit of additional thought beforehand. And having solved this equation this way, the thing that we might notice is that the problem started to arise at this first step, where we needed 3x squared to be a perfect square. And the reason that became a problem is that forced us to introduce the square root of 3. So let's see if we can avoid that. So one thing we could do is if we divide every term by 3, that will eliminate the coefficient of x squared. Now, we still want to complete the square, but this time we're looking for a c where x squared plus 5 thirds x plus c squared is a perfect square. So once again, we'll note that x squared is x squared. 5 thirds x we want to be 2 times x times c, and so 5 thirds x is 2cx, and we can solve this c equals 5,6, adding 5,6 squared to both sides. Again, the left-hand side will be the square of the sum of the roots x and 5,6. The right-hand side will be some arithmetic expression, which we can leave in this form. We have square equals, so we'll take the square root of both sides. So x plus 5,6 is plus or minus the principle square root of 8 thirds plus 5,6 squared. We can solve for x by subtracting 5,6, and we'll get our solution. So again, the basic steps here are the same as we used for completing the square. The only difference is that we did this preliminary division so that our coefficient of x squared would be a1. And that's because we wanted to make sure that our x squared term was an easy perfect square. The only disadvantage here is that we had to work with fractions. And maybe you like working with fractions, which is OK, but maybe you don't, which is also OK, as long as you figure out how to avoid them. So let's see if we can avoid these fractions. So remember, we'd like our x squared term to be a perfect square, and so one possibility is if our coefficient is a perfect square, then we're in good shape. So our coefficient is 3. If we multiply everything by 3, we'll have a perfect square coefficient. And again, we want to find c where 9x squared plus 15x plus c squared is a perfect square. And so we know that our first term, 9x squared is 3x squared. We want 15x to be 2 times 3x times c. So we can solve for c, which will be 15 over 6. So we can add 15 over 6 squared to both sides. Our left-hand side is the square of the sum of the roots 3x plus 15 over 6. And our right-hand side, we'll just leave it on reduced form. We'll take the square root of both sides, and we'll solve for x. Now you might notice we still have to deal with fractions, and we'll leave it as an interesting challenge. Is there something else we can do that completely avoids fractions and think to recognize is why we got that fraction in the first place? It's worth emphasizing that all three of these solutions rely on completing the square. If we decide we're not going to think about the problem at all, we end up with a solution like this. If we decide we're going to think about the problem a little bit, we'll end up with a solution like this. And if we think about the problem a little bit more, we'll end up with a solution like this. So take your pick and choose the solution that you want to work with.


My son's diapers stink fertilizers stink, but let's see whether Fertilizers investments will also stink in the future. Good day, fellow investors Today I will share with you my research that I have done in order to see whether Fertilizers investments, especially potash investment will be good in the long term because they are in the downtrend now So when you start looking at the company like the mosaic or Nutrient or something like that you first look at the outlook for the main product that they are selling As I have been already saying in my other videos the outlook for food is good Which means there will be more need for fertilizers, and I know that fertilizer prices are very low Therefore I was really interested in the sector. The outlook for fertilizers is very positive If we look here, they expect that global potash shipments will increase by about 20% in the next five years Which is a very very strong trend and a positive tailwind for producers there is one little problem with potash as Demand grows so will supply grow. There is plenty of potash in the world You just have to invest a lot of money to mine it But there are some projects that will cover that increase in demand that we have seen as you can see here Capacity will be below maximum production enough to cover for the increase and the operating rate if we look at potash prices We can see that from 2008 to 2012 there has really been a spike because of a supply gap However, given the new projects that are coming I don't expect to see another supply gap in the next decade And I expect potash prices to be stable at current levels This means that if we look at potash producers the current earnings they have Plus minus a little bit of operational efficiency improvements and so on will be the result they will have in the long term So if you want to invest in them, okay, look at the price to earnings ratios What are their earnings free cash flows dividends? What is the sustainability of the dividend? And if you're happy with that you might invest but as from a sector perspective There won't be much going on because of this so BHB Janssen project It will cost about 14 billion. They have already spent almost 4 billion, but the project is in delay They have tried to sell it A lot of things have happened because of low potash prices However, if ever even potash prices increase they could speed up, ramp it up in a few years And then you have huge supply disrupting the sector Berlaruskali-Patryskovsky project could add 3 million tons Another example of a project, Dana-Kill project in Ethiopia could add another 2 million tons Just in 2017, two greenfield projects 1.4 million tons in Turkmenistan and 2 million tons project of K plus S in Saskatchewan So for example, if you read what Mosaic has to say They think that the supply and demand will be balanced However, some other analysts think there will be Armageddon in potash prices They will go down and even much lower than we are looking them now That's a risk I'm not willing to take I don't know whether I can trust the management of Mosaic We never should trust corporate management So the risk reward is really not rewarding for me The risk is big if potash prices continue to decline due to oversupply The upside is limited because if potash prices go higher There will immediately be more supply coming also from the plants that have been idled in the past So it's a little bit a negative situation there Similarly, for phosphate the market is in the same situation Expected grow in supply both in demand This is another example of the huge disruption that can come The Maden Vad project in Saudi Arabia for phosphate Expects to produce 16 million tons per year when fully producing Further, your last far phosphate hub in Morocco Will enable production to go from the current 3 million tons to 13 million tons So that's 20 million additional tons That's almost 40% of the market which is something crazy And something to take into consideration when investing in such companies So, sweet and short, this is my story Risk, high, reward, limited due to oversupply So I won't be looking at those companies until I see for example At current prices or at even lower prices I see a company like Mosaic with a price to earnings ratio of 10 And a dividend yield of 5% Because when I see that prices can't go lower And I have a 10% earnings yield and a 5% dividend Then I like to invest Now at price earnings ratios of 30, 40 With smaller dividends, with dividends being cut I don't see them being reinstated to the previous levels So it's simply too much risk to investigate deeper into the sector I look forward to your comments I hope you disagree with me I'm always here to learn, to want to learn from more But from my perspective, the fertilizer potash potassium segment Is too risky with too little potential reward That's how it is I'll see you in the next video