Our next speaker is Huaijin Zhou from UC Davis. We're going to continue on the theme of avians, but now talk about functional annotation, I think, and also coming from the perspective of now the USDA and agriculture as well. All right. Thanks for the invitation, and it's my great honor to share some of the recent data generated from a fan community. And I really like to switch the gear from DNA sequencing to the epigenome and regular elements. What does regulatory innovation in vertebrates actually? This is my first attempt to try to do in the comparative genomics. So I'm not really in the area of the comparative genomics. So I tried to give some of the specific examples about what are we learning about comparative epigenome. For the people who are not familiar with agricultural species, I'd like to provide some of the need of a background about the agricultural species. Chicken actually is the first agricultural species to be sequenced in 2004, because for the people in the comparative genomics know that chicken is really important if you look at the evolution phenogenetic tree. So it's a really important evolution point. And then later on, the cow and the horse in 2009 and pig in 2012 and sheep in 2014. Since those agricultural species were sequenced, there's a significant improvement in the economic important because of those information available to the community. You use the genomic connection and make significant improvement of those complex traits, such as milk production, growth rate, feed efficiency, and disease. And then if you think about for the livestock, agricultural species really have lots of the advantage. If you think about those livestock species have really abundant of phenotype in different environment, and they have a really good category information. So you really can utilize those phenotype and then use the genotype to predict the phenotype. And then animals, basically, if you try to think about personalized medicine in the biomedical field, so a really animal can be raised in a really different type of environment or control environment. So you can really evaluate genotype by environment. So you can really accurate predict the phenotype. So you can really evaluate them like pharmaceutical drugs in terms of what type of drug can be a really treat different type of disease. So livestock species really great model to us to understand the function of the specific genes. And then because all of those complex traits, very importantly, we know the contribution of these. It's not just the coding gene. Actually, the majority of these contributions by the non-coding variants. So there's many of the studies, many of the GWAS study in the biomedical field that demonstrate that the non-coding variants are very, very important for the contribution of the phenotypic variation in complex traits in closed disease. And then the reason of the study in both of the human and livestock do indicate those costive variants that are enriched in the regular regions. And then we know for whatever highly conserved those regular animals, such as an enhancer, all reasonably involved those enhancers do have different phenotypic consequence. So that's why it's important to doing the comparative epigenomics to learning about which kind of the regular animals are more highly conserved or reasonably involved. As we can see for the biomedical field, the people integrate of the genome-wide association results with the annotation from encode or roadmap of the epigenome are willing to provide a novel biological insights about the complex traits in humans, including the human disease. So basically, whatever from the biomedical field or the cultural and all the national science and foundation, most important things is talk about how we can use the genome to predict the phenome. So that's actually it's a black box between the genome and the phenome. What that is, the black box is actually gene-regulation. So that's how those regular animals play a very, very important role. And from this diagram, you can see basically that's involved lots of the regular animals, such as the promoter enhancer, insulator silencer, all of the together to basically form those complex regularity of the gene-regulation. And many of you guys familiar with this diagram from an encode to talk about unifying those cutting edge of the all-mix technology in order to identify, annotate those regular animals, whatever, the promoter enhancer, evaluate all chromatin assessability to understanding the function of the genome. So comparative genomics really provide really powerful tools to understand its function and biology based on the assumption of that connection between evolution of the conservation and the functional importance. So we think if they are functionally, if they are evolutionally conserved, that must be a very, very functional important. And then as we know, so for the human genome, if when the people did the comparative genomics, look at all of the vertebrates to find roughly 5% of those human genome are very conserved. And we know about the 1.5% of the human genome, it's a coding regions, which that means more than 70% of those conserved region in the non-coding region. That's indicated how regular animals are so important. So we learned a lot about the comparative genomics using DNA sequencing about the evolution in action. And we see a similar pattern, a similar trace for the evolution in action on the vertebrate epigenome. But there are some of the challenges as you can see. So when you do the comparative genomics using DNA sequencing, it's a one-dimension. But if you think about the epigenome, it's a really a multi-dimension of the information basically involved multiple tissues and multiple development stage. And then also multiple assays, such as a chip-seq and high C and a tachsic, so involve a huge amount of the information that integrated together to understand how the conserved or rapidly involved those regular animals in the genome. So now I'd like to bring about, introduce about the fan. It's a functional annotation of the animal genomes, why it's needed and what made an impact of these. So as many of the study indicated, those are the regular animals or functional animals really nest conserved compared to the coding sequencing, whatever between the species or between the different tissues or different development stage. And then this is the comparative, the fan work really can help us to understanding foundation of the biology. And then also especially when we work on whatever human disease or the economical traits in the livestock species, one of the most challenging is we have so many of the mutations variants, which one is a really costive variants. So this is an annotation of the animal genome, really can help us to improve the genomic synapse accuracy for those complex traits including the disease. And then obviously for the scientists we really want to understanding the monocular mechanism. So this will really help us to enunciate the monocular mechanism of those complex traits. And then obviously several of already mentioned how the livestock species are really great model physiologically, but also very important and they're really great model for the human health and disease traits. So like now I like to provide a very brief information about the fan. So in 2014, if you look at it here only roughly like 24 of the members contributed to the white paper at that time. And then past four to five years, so the member of the fan consortium already increased to 480 members. And similar to structure of the encode consortium, so we have a steering committee and also have a four different subcommittee, the animal sample and assay committee and the bioinformatics data analysis committee and metadata and data sharing committee and a community committee. So all of those four subcommittee really work together community communicated with the animal genome community to provide the standards, the assays and so the community can generate more of the resource for the communities. So for this fan community, so we basically provided those in central of the core assays. So obviously the RNA-seq is very, very important as it's a kind of the phenotype so there's a major phenotype of this and then a chromatin accessibility either use a DNA-seq or a TAC-seq and then this is a four histone modification mark. So if you look at it here, this is a four histone modification markers really can be used to identify either enhancer or promoters or silencers and then also the CDCF, it's a transcription factor can use to identify the insulator. And here just to provide some of the preliminary analysis, so basically we generated in the past few years compared to the human mouse with the data available. So if you look at it here, first on the two major tissues, so the spring at the liver and we use the H3K4 tri-methylation and H3K37 acylation indicated as an active promoter and I use H3K37 acylation and H3K4 monomethylation indicated as an enhancer. If you look at it here compared to all of the six species in terms of number of the promoters and number of the enhancer, they are pretty similar to each other in terms of the number of these. And then here we did the comparative analysis, look at the, called a sequencing conservation of in the promoters between the spring at the liver. If you look at it here basically, what does the sequencing conservation means? For example, if we look at in the cow, we have 10,000 of the promoters and we look at for this 10,000 of the promoters, how many of those promoters, those are sequenced in a nine ball in another species, but not necessarily there are active promoters. And you can see a number of these are reasonable. So basically among all of the mammals that are similar to each other, always the birds are much, much less conserved as expected. And then you will see those livestock accortual species. So they are pretty comparable in terms of their sequencing conservation between the mouth and the humans. And between the two different tissues are also very similar. And then if you look at the enhancer, sequencing conservation is the same thing you use a number of the enhancer and then to look at it in other species to see what are the percentage of those enhancer. So they have a sequencing conservation, not the functional conservation we are talking second. So for the sequencing conservation, probably you will notice between the promoter and the enhancer, they're pretty similar in terms of the percentage of the conservation. But if you look at the functional conservation, which means if you look at in the one species has tens out of the promoter or enhancers, and how many of these in other species also it's active promoter or enhancer. And you will see significant drop in terms of the percentage of these conservation in terms of whatever the promoter or enhancers between the, in the spring here. So you will see for the enhancer the percentage of these are significant next compared to the promoters. And then so we also try to do in another comparison, this is a final genetic tree across those six species. If you look at it here, basically we try to look at the compare ever two of the species they're near each other to see how many of those are conserved in terms of sequencing conservation. If you look at it here, look at the across all of the mammals, oh sorry, okay. So if you look at it here across all of the mammals, so there's 48 to 68% of these across the mammals are here. But if you look at the mammals, between the mammals and birds, only 26 to 45, and between the nether and a spring are pretty similar. And then, so if you look at the functional conservation and then you will see a significant drop. So if you look at it here, so you can see across the mammals only like 11 to 24% and then between the mammal and the bird only 5 to 8%. So this sequencing conservation versus functional conservation are significantly gonna change. Same thing for the spring. And if we look at those, what type of those genes nearby for those promoters for functional conservation, so you will see some of these like BCO receptor signaling cell cycling across all of the mammals. And then if you look at it between the mammal and the birds, you still see the BCO receptor and cell cycling and also the glycine, cyrcine. Let's look at the spring, if you look at the spring, you will see the similar of these BCO signaling. And then if you look at between the mammal and also the birds, you will see similar of the pattern of the cell cycle and BCO receptors. So we didn't see much of a difference in terms of between the nether and a spring. So they seem like have the similar of the conservation for the promoters. So let's look at the enhancers. If you look at the enhancers here, so you will see, so in terms of the, among all of the mammals, so it's 48 to 100%. And then if you look at the, between the birds and the mammal, it's 26 to 72 and similar to the spring. But if you look at the functional conservation, you will see the significant drop. Only have a 0.4 to 1%, and if you between the birds and the mammal, it's 0.04 to 0.1%. And if you look at the spring, spring is much, much higher, but still pretty low. And then if we look at the function of these, you will see that for the nether. And then, so this is the signal path where we needed more of a nether specific. And then still you can see the, like at both side of the signaling. And then if we look at the spring, you will see more of the tissue-specific, spring-specific involved more of the immune response, like B-cell receptor signaling, T-cell receptor signaling. And then you will see here the chem-kind signaling. And then as we have a chance to look at across all of the eight tissues, if you look at it here, you will see between the promoter and enhancer, obviously you can see within the mammal, it's higher than between the mammal and the birds, or also between the promoter and enhancer are significantly reduced. So here I can provide another example for the opening chromatin in those synaptic block. In the three of the examples between the chicken and the pig and cattle, so you will see that all appeared, all of those three species, but these only appeared conservative between the cattle and the pig and the cattle, but not as a chicken. And this is interesting. This is another example, basically conservative between the chicken and the cattle, but not in the pig. This is another example, basically about the tissue-specific, you can see they're conservative between the pig and the cattle, but not in the chicken. So some of the take-home messages, as you can see the sequelae conservation across the species was pretty similar between the promoter and enhancer, but functional conservation involved much, much faster than the promoters. And it appears the functional enhancer involved much rapidly in liver than in the spring, but not over the promoters. And then genes nearby the functional conservative enhancer are very enriched for those tissue-specific manner, but not in the promoters. And then if we choose the species of those appropriate of timescale of the conservation, we are allowed to study some of the specific of the constraints of the function. And then those are the regulatory and evolution analysis. The reality is just a knife stalk, a cultural species are a great model to understand the gene regulation in the humans. So I'd like to provide a few perspective in term of the challenging and the future direction. As mentioned about the reference genome, Eric's mentioned how important and the quality of this we consider a human mouse probably kind of tier one. And she can pick and cattle probably tier two in term of the quantity and the sheep or horse probably tier three. So this is a very important in term of doing the comparative genomics. And then especially doing the map of the coordinates of those regular elements across different species are really a challenge. Should we do in a synchrony similarity or positional conservation, it's a really, really challenge. And then, so here I wanna present just to look at the sequencing conservation and actually for epigenomics, you need to look at the density of those marks. You need it more quantitatively to look at how conserved between the different species, different tissues. And then also very important to understand especially the enhancer unit far away from the genes to understand which of the genes the enhancer unit target to understand functional elements of the promoter and enhancer interactions is very important. And it's really, really important to have more of epigenomic data and more diverse of the species, especially a cultural species. So we can understand more of the and can function or annotate of the animal genome to understand the biology. Without anecdote, thanks to all the people who contribute to all of those work here and as a funding agent from NIVA and industry. Thanks very much. So I think again, since we're running behind Harris, we're not gonna take any questions.


What makes a conservative, a conservative in Europe right now, what is it that really animates them and motivates them and drives them, the conservative movement? I would say that the number one thing is fear. They're driven by fear. And it really is interesting. These are smart people, intelligent people, motivated people, but they really are fade. They fear the left. They fear woke. I mean, constantly talking about it, constantly worried about it, constantly concerned. They fear immigrants. God, do they fear immigrants?  They fear secularism. They really fear secularism. They view secularism and the secularization of society as maybe the biggest threat other than immigrants maybe. To Europe, to civilization, to Western civilization.


My dad is a super friendly guy and growing up and always entertained me quite a bit to go out with him And he would just make friends wherever he was that he'd just love to meet people play cards and just hang out with them The coffee shops or just whatever and he would just sit down and he would become your friend immediately And so you'd start talking and people start telling stories and some of them might be a little race here They might use some language or something and then inevitably gets around to so what do you do? They would ask him and he would say oh I'm a pastor and then immediately it was oh my goodness from the crowd. What have I said? What have I done?  This is what he does and he's just getting to know them But but that's the reaction he would get a lot of times because folks didn't really consider Who's my audience? Am I telling this to the right audience or something? I'm gonna regret later. This was really my first introduction to audience analysis And we're going to talk about it in the context of public speaking Although it certainly applies in other areas of life as well. But for our purposes today, we're going to focus on audience analysis in public speaking So what is audience analysis? What's just gathering information about the audience so that you can adapt your speech accordingly? So first of all, we're just gathering information.  What's their beliefs what they're what's their knowledge level and so forth and then we're going to adapt our speech accordingly That does not mean we change everything around that we that we change the focus of our speech necessarily or that we change our Stance on a topic, but there are ways that we can adjust our language our delivery our visual aids are the level that we're speaking at In regards to this topic are these beginners in this area or they experts in this area We need to know all those things so that we can adapt our speech accordingly And that's what happens in audience analysis in a general sense So the purpose of audience audience analysis first of all why we do audience analysis Why is this important? We want to learn the attributes and motivations of the audience in order to do a couple of different things So we want to learn about the audience for a couple of reasons first We want to be able to identify with the audience members We want to be able to connect with them in some way and and demonstrate that we understand them and that we really there for Informing or persuading them for their benefit or whatever so we want to establish that sort of connection with them What's something that we have in common that we can use as a source of connection to identify with the audience? Next we want to answer the audience's question. What's in it for me with them, right? What's in it for me? People are essentially egocentric. That's not a negative thing. It's just the way Human nature works. We are most concerned with those things that correct or that that affect us most directly That's what we mean by egocentrism. So the audience is going to be asking what's in this for me? Why should I care? Why should I listen so we need to know the audience so that we can figure that out and let them know the answer to what's in it for them We want to craft our speech to the audience too. This is another reason. We need to know the audience We want to craft it to the audience in a variety of ways including our topic What topic are we selecting and presenting to this audience? Is it something that's going to be kind of interest to them and there's that's a whole other discussion that we've had In a separate video, but we need to know the audience so that we can select an appropriate topic We also as I mentioned before we need to know what type of language we should use And I'm not talking about should I deliver the speech in English or Spanish or Chinese and if you have that ability That's amazing. But what I'm really talking about is at what level should I be speaking to this audience? How can I use words that will that they will understand and that will have meaning to them that will connect with them? So language choices are very important But we want to craft that specifically to the audience We need to craft our sources to the audience What sources can we use that are going to be credible? They're going to be believable that are gonna have an impact on that audience and then what about our delivery, right? Get it up here our delivery We need to craft our all our delivery to this audience as well think about the elements of delivery for the speech as it relates to the specific audience So we need to learn the attributes and motivations the audience for all of these reasons And that's really an important part of audience analysis We also need to be able to select a target audience for our speech if we have a wide audience and a broad audience There's a pretty good chance. We're not going to be able to reach Everyone all the time right so we need to determine Who is it in this audience specifically that I'm speaking to it's not that we're going to exclude intentionally anybody But who is it that I really really want to reach with this audience? Who am I targeting? So we need to know the audience in order to select a target audience And then we need to be able to prepare accordingly for the speech situation We need to be able to plan for where is the speech going to be delivered? What's the physical environment going to be like am I going to be up on a stage with a microphone? Am I going to be wandering around a room? I gotta be outdoors somewhere. So what's the speech situation there? What's the general tone? Is this an after-dinner speech? Is it a eulogy at a funeral? Is it you know, we need to be able to plan for all of these elements and so to do that We need to perform an audience analysis So there are a couple different types of audience analysis that we can perform We're going to start by talking about demographic analysis and this really just means looking at the demographic makeup of your audience It includes elements such as age. What's the age of this audience? When it's the predominant sex or gender of this audience, is there or is it a mixed audience, you know What's the ethnic and cultural background as well as the socio-economic status of this This audience these different types of elements socio-economic status by that we mean things like income Occupation and education. That's what makes up the socio-economic status We need to know what these are just checking off boxes, you know What's the predominant age of the audience predominant, you know, socio-economic status of the audience so we can begin making some Beginning determinations about those things we mentioned additional demographic analysis would come in the form of things like religion Political affiliation and group membership. It's important to know if I'm giving a speech to the NRA That is going to be different than a speech I'm probably going to give to the Boy Scouts, right or to the PTA in my local school or to the Chamber of Commerce These people first of all through their group membership tells us something about the audience, right? If you're giving a speech to the NRA, you can assume that the audience is in favor of gun ownership of The ability of people to own guns privately and of less restriction for that So how does that shape my topic? You know, how does that shape my stance on not that again? Not that I'm gonna totally change my mind if I'm If I'm for gun control and I'm speaking to the NRA, I'm not necessarily just gonna say oh well I'm now I'm not gonna be for gun control That's not what we're talking about But I need to approach it differently when I'm speaking to the NRA Then if I was speaking to a group that was in favor of gun control It affects all those elements and understanding that group membership gives us that ability to connect and shape our speech specifically So we conduct demographic analysis to to just have some general kind of broad demographics of who's making up the audience that we're going to be speaking to We can also do what we call specific analysis specific to this audience And things like what is the audience's interest and knowledge level of the topic that I'm speaking about again If I'm speaking to a room of people who are experts in that field Then I start at a higher level and I approach it differently than if I'm speaking to a group of people Who don't know anything about what I'm talking about I'm gonna in that instance have to break it down a little more simply start at the beginning And determine how far I can get then right So we need to know what's the audience's interest and knowledge in that topic to begin with Then we look at some psychological things the attitudes beliefs and values of that audience and how that's going to impact their View of that and their perspective of that topic and and their stance So we look at the psychology of the audience as much as possible We look at some multicultural elements What's you know particular language that might be impactful for this audience? What about their cognition? What about the elements of ethnocentrism and the general communication styles of this particular culture? So we're looking at a variety of things like that when we look at specific analysis things that are specific to this audience Then we also look at things like as before the situation is important We need to understand the situation. First of all, is this a captive audience? Is this an audience that is forced to be there? Do they have a choice or if they're showing up out of interest then that puts a different spin on things, right? But if it's a captive audience, you really probably have to work a lot harder To pull that audience in and to make it of interest to them because they're there because they have to be So we want to understand that we want to know about the number of audience members How big is this group and that's going to affect the type of visual aids we use It's going to affect, you know, are we are we tethered to a microphone in some way? Are we going to be able to move around? Should we do group activities? So the number of audience members is an important part of a situational analysis We need to look at the time restraints. Am I am I speaking for 10 minutes or am I speaking for two hours? That makes a big difference and and the expectations of the audience in that regard too If I'm expected to speak for half an hour and I'm still up there after an hour The audience is going to lose interest, right? And if I cut it off too soon Then some of the audience may be grateful, but they're also going to wonder, you know, how prepared was I or was I just not You know with it that day. So we need to consider the time restraints in that situational analysis We need to think about the expectations of our speech goals. What is it that we're trying to accomplish? What is it that we hope the audience will gain from this? And what's the best way for us to to get there based on the on the situation that we're in based on that context? And then the rhetorical situation I've touched on this before as well Are we speaking to a group of second graders? Are we speaking to a class of second graders? Or are we conducting a training at work of some sort or or some sort of professional environment? Or are we delivering a eulogy at a funeral? Those are very different situations that require very different approaches Obviously different content and all that kind of thing. So we need to understand that about the situation What kind of rhetorical situation is this? Is it a lighthearted one? Is it a serious one? Is it a professional one? Is it a little more casual? So we're going to conduct these different types of analysis demographic Specific and situational we need to understand these things, but how are we going to find this out? How are we going to get this information? Well, we're going to conduct some analysis in a variety of different ways And there are lots of different ways you can do that But some of the more common ones are first of all to ask the liaison who invited you to speak Somehow you got connected with this group and they asked you to come Or whose lead didn't just show up on their doorstep and say I'm going to speak to you today Somebody asked you to be there. So you can ask that person Who's going to be there? What's the makeup of this audience? What's the demographics? And and what's the setup going to be when I'm there the situation? What's the the physical environment going to be like and what are the expectations in time that you can Connect with that person who's the liaison and who invited you to speak and find out some of that information You can you know, this isn't very scientific But you can get online and do a little research if it's a group Maybe they have a website that you could look at or you can google You know who makes up this group or you know some you can do some online research about these people You can do a direct observation if you have the ability to Go to one of their meetings before you're speaking Maybe you're speaking at one next month You can go to this month's meeting and see what happens see what the other speakers do or you can You know, even if you're just able to show up before it's your time to speak That can be helpful until you can see what the group is like who makes up the group What the feel of the room is that can all be very helpful information so you can conduct direct observation You can you know make some inferences you can make some assumptions if I'm speaking to the nra I can make some assumptions about The makeup of that group or from speaking to the pta I can just make some assumptions there about the makeup of that group And what their interests are what their values are things like that If you have the opportunity you can conduct specifically audience surveys and interviews right to gather more information You know if you have the time and the and the opportunity and the ability to do so that can be very helpful it can be time consuming and difficult as well, but But you know depending on the situation it may well be worth it Whatever the situation you want to be sure that you're conducting that audience analysis that you know your audience that you're not stepping into it by By you know crossing the streams and and and not knowing anything about your audience and you come in and put your foot in your mouth Right, that's what you want to avoid So if you have questions about audience analysis or anything related to public speaking Please feel free to email me and be happy to chat with you via email And in the meantime get out there get to know your audience so that you can prepare the most effective Speech you can as a public speaker


Yeah. You don't ever get tired. No, I can't. It doesn't get repetitious. I don't get tired because I remember where I was five years ago, broke, hungry, uh, fighting, fighting to get a name on YouTube or fighting to get a view, you know. So I love it. If I could make somebody laugh in today's time, I'm doing my job because all we've been seeing is death. Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one. One-on-one. Yeah, we gonna talk. I call them resources. I have to use my resources. So I'm gonna put y'all on the marketing part of the game. I'm going to the Bay Area, April 9th. I have a show, right?   They is the Bay Area. Be legit. So I go out there and work with them. Let's go. Work with them a month prior. And then when I go out there, my show, sell out. You know what I'm saying? It's all about marketing. That makes sense, though. And say, what I did was I had to cut a show short. I supposed to be doing another show Sunday in Detroit, so I'm just moving it up Saturday. So I'll do two shows Friday in Detroit and three Saturday, and I'm gonna check out a little Sunday to the Bay Area on GP and make that happen. How many shows, what's the most amount of shows you've done in one day? Minor shows I've done in one day, really, I've always been on three. Three. Three. Okay. I know a lot of people only do like two. That's why when you said three, I'm like, do people be doing three shows in one day? Yeah. I love it. If you love something, you'll do it. Yeah. You don't ever get tired. No, I can't. And it doesn't get repetitious. I don't get tired because I remember what I was five years ago, broke, hungry, fighting, fighting to get a name on YouTube, or fighting to get a view, you know? So I love to see if I can make somebody laugh in today's time, I'm doing my job because all we've been seeing is death. People gonna forget how to enjoy they self, how to laugh. If all we know how to do is cry and be bigger and angry, I'm past that part of my life. That's why I don't really care what people say about me no more. You can't stop what God got for me. Don't matter no more. I'm here. You can't do a damn thing about it. Man, I like that, man. You got to be ready when it comes down to levels.  Yes, I know. How does that work? Because a lot of people, you know, when you get to a certain level, people will call you out and talk about you and I know I'm at a certain level and I don't respond. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. You know, a line don't worry about what she's doing. You're right. You're right. Giraffe don't hang out with ants. At all. So I just sit back and let people talk and I sit back and watch the people talk too. Some people go this way, some people go that way, but I'm still gonna be him. Yeah, yeah, yeah. You know what I'm saying? And that won't never change. But I will remind motherfuckers though, what you was when the storm was going on, you was on this side. Yeah, yeah, yeah. You know what I'm saying?  It's all love. I just, I mean, like, I think last time we talked, I think we talked about, now time before, about Chicago, like showing you so much love, like they ready for me to come back. That's what I'm about to ask you. Like, no. We got to get that thing back popping. Got you. You know what I'm saying? Chicago is a, we love the Windy City, right? Shout out to that boy Larry Hoover, Jr., man, one of my guys up there. They my own. They my number one demographic on Facebook. Chicago. That's hard, man. What state haven't you been in yet? Utah. No. I did a show there. You did a show, damn. When I was out there. Idaho. I ain't been there yet. Idaho, I'm trying. You've been to Miami or at Indian Shores? Of course. Yes, yes. I've been to Miami. How you like Miami? Love it. South Beach.   Different. Yeah, we on boss talk, one-on-one. One-on-one.


10 seconds. Now, the real test is do we have more movies we haven't seen than we have? One, two, four, six, eight, ten, eleven, twelve, three, four. We have like thirty three that we've seen, two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, sixteen, twenty, twenty, twenty, two. We have seen more than we have. OK. All right. So it's a very much it's very legit. It's very much the definitive tier ranking for Sandler films. It's very definitive. It's a definitive list. No one has no member. Half the movies we didn't see. I bet if we looked at other tier rankings on Sandler or ranking videos, they're going to be very similar to what we have. And we didn't have to waste our time watching the films. Yeah. Outside of maybe one or two artsy fartsy ones. It's it's probably pretty similar. I might check out Spanglish one day. Why? I don't know. It seems like it's a normal movie. It's not an Adam Sandler movie. Maybe I'll enjoy it. Yeah, maybe maybe you'll see our buddy in there in the film because he's an uncredited actor in all the Sandler films. OK, yeah, we're not going to waste our. It's like one in the morning. Tony, I don't really I'm not concerned about more superchats coming in. They came in throughout the day, so I appreciate it. Tony, yes, it's always a pleasure. Let me let me let me pimp your ride one more time. Do you remember that show? Pimp your ride? Yeah, yo, dog, we're going to get you a dog. We're going to get you a dog. Yo, dog, we heard you like this. We put a this into this. That was a meme. That was it. Yo, dog, we forgot you had a dog. We're going to make you a dog. Hack the movies. Oh, new episodes every Monday at three. I didn't know that. Not not. No, that's been there for like two years. Never noticed that once in my life. Yeah, I premiere all my episodes Monday at 3 p.m. I just kind of base it on when you send me stuff. No, unless it's like a live episode like tonight, which can happen anytime and I do two little bonus stuff. But now that I'm looking at it, I have to add our newest live episode to that, which we'll call it that playlist of this dumb ass, new YouTube link system they have.    Where did it go? Even seven more links. Where are the other links? I don't wear it. You have to scroll all the way down. Well, they don't run. What was wrong with the icons on the banner? What was wrong with the icons on the back? Anchor, it's supposed to send you down the screen. Yeah, I'm standing with my dude in my hand clicking on this and it's not doing anything. Wow.  Thanks, YouTube.  They're the real hacks. Okay. That's movies you can find in there. Tony, everything. Speaking of Roseanne, hold on real quick. Speaking of Roseanne, Monday. Monday, we are doing the best Roseanne movie ever. Freddie's dead. The final nightmare. Her and Tom Arnold have a cameo in it for like 20 seconds. I didn't even know there was a movie with Roseanne in it. Yeah, no. Her, Tom Arnold, Johnny Depp and like Alice Cooper all have weird cameos in the sixth nightmare in Elm Street movie. Wow. So check that out. Yeah. Tony, should we play them out with the Roseanne theme song? Do you remember it? No, I don't remember. Okay. Well, I remember the video. I just forget how the song goes. It might get copyright flagged because I'm so accurate on it. But I'm going to play you out. De-de-de-de-de. Skii-da-da-da-da-da. De-dee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee-nee.


cific area, but what happens in sepsis, the whole body starts to respond. It's a massive response in your body. Orla talked about her color there, her color being like the color, like a purpley color. There wasn't enough oxygen to get into her tissues, to her vital, to her skin. Her hands was closed. Her body was in a shock reaction. She was shaken. She was agitated. There wasn't enough oxygen to get into her blood. That's why she was agitated and not feeling herself. And that's the response the body was going through. The body was actually turning on itself. And in any circumstance, there's always some circumstances, but ordinarily, does the body find a way through that? Or is that... When you have sepsis, it's very severe and you need help very seldom when you come out of sepsis. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in the world. And that's why there's a World Sepsis Day every year to create that awareness. And that's the reason why sepsis and why we want to get the recognition out there for people to know the signs and symptoms and know to act quickly because as many of us had seen it before, it was our work the day before. That night she got sicker as the night went on and in the morning time at half-night she was extremely ill. Well, you could easily talk yourself into thinking there's nothing going on here that I'll go to bed and I'll be grand in a couple of hours, couldn't you? That's the thing.  You ring somebody, it doesn't have to be medical. Just have somebody with you. Everybody knows their own body. When something changes in it, they know and if it's something severe, you know, just make a decision that you go for help or you ring your GP. They're there, that's what they're there for. Take more care of yourself. And Orla, your journey wasn't... Sorry, Maneen, your journey wasn't over once you got from home to the hospital because with the best treatment that could be provided, your condition continued to worse. Well, deteriorated. I got very agitated. I was just... I really don't remember a lot from... I don't remember being taken from Ladder County. I don't remember going... So you woke up next in Galway, effective? Yeah, and two weeks later or whatever. And they said, do you know where you were? Obviously, no question to me. And I said, yeah, I'm in Ladder County. And they said, no, you're in Galway. And I didn't know. But I woke up. So who best describes the treatment? Were you involved in the treatment, Siobhan? No, I suppose... Orla? So what was happening then? So you took Malinia to hospital. Right. And they start at that point as it... No, the ambulance crew. The ambulance came out. And I have to say, the ambulance came in, made a quick assessment. She went into the ambulance. And I had given them the vital signs that I had recorded. They went ahead and did their own assessment. And her blood pressure was extremely low. Oh, sorry, it was low. Blood pressure was in her boots. And her heart rate was fast. And her temperature was high. Right. So the three vital signs were elevated. And they automatically, you know, recognised the sepsis. So they started her on the treatment then. They started her on IV fluids and tobiotics. And paracetamolene to bring down the temperature. And like that, Malinia was extremely agitated still. She went on to hospital.  And to be honest with you, Greg, as Malinia went out the drive, I thought she's gone to hospital for five days. That's it. So I go to bed at about two o'clock, half two for a few hours, get up again. And Malinia has responded to the medications in Letter Kenney University Hospital, where she was. But at a half past six that night, I was again coming back in again for night shift. She went downhill. Got very ill. And then she went into resus.  And she ended up going to intensive care that night. And as Malinia said, she was complaining of this sore neck as well, because her throat then it had become and I'm probably skipping on because we never got a full diagnosis as to why Malinia developed this. But they feel it was from a strep throat, a strep A throat, right? So that infected her gland. So that's where the pain was coming from. And then Malinia was in constant pain overnight and she was an ICU and then Ethanist again and I were looking at her at one stage and she came a little bit more mottled here, more purple here. So when they did the scans, they noted that there was an infection here somewhere. They weren't quite sure and she just was deteriorating so much. They decided, which was seen by Mr. Suguru in the morning, he said straight to Galway. So he linked him with the guys in Galway and she, after the results of the CT, so she got accepted in Galway. Initially to cardiac thoracics, but then they felt it was more vascular. So she went down under Mr. Hussey's team. But as the night progressed to, and we were following down later on that night in the car, she became so unwell, she was intubated and ventilated then in intensive care. And you know, we're all sitting here and we're all thankful Malinia, but this is very, this is traumatic, isn't it? And it takes a wee while to get over it and it's like, it's kind of beyond going, well, all's well that ends well, because this was a huge thing for you and the family.  Just even now, like, just thinking back when I came round and Galway, I swore and she's just, I want it home, you know. So the care that was given in Galway, Siobhan, that was complications arising from sepsis or sepsis itself to learn that point? It was a combination of both, Greg, okay? The initiation of the antibiotics and the fluid therapy and the supports for the heart and all that would have been started initially in Lederkenny. But because, as I said earlier, the sepsis is, you know, the body's own response to the infection and it starts to fight its whole body and its damage to its own tissues and injuries, and it damaged her tissues up and around her shoulder area and all that, and the tissues was dying and it was also a source of infection as well. And that's why the surgeries then were carried out down in Galway. Yeah, and as you say, it's a very serious condition. One in five people who develop it die from it. But I presume, counter within that one in five of those that don't get any medical treatment at all? Not necessarily. Okay. Some people get medical treatment and do not survive sepsis. Other people have come out with life-changing injuries. You know, they maybe have left with body deficits or defects in their body. And that has a massive psychological impact on people as well and trauma post, like, you know, the talk of a PSD from people who survive sepsis as well. So it's, you know, no matter how you look at it, it's a life-changing event, even if you survive it. So what... What... See, you talked...  Like, I'm really concerned when we do talk about stuff and we don't want to discourage anyone from getting help when they need it, because you could be of the view that there's no GP will answer a phone call and there's no point going to the hospital because you'd never be seen. So we have to counteract that and counterbalance that, right? Yeah. So at what point do... And either you or... Or Siobhan, then at what point do you say, right, there's a couple of markers here. I need to go and make sure that this isn't... Because in your case, Monique, you had got antibiotics. You were under the care of a doctor. So what's the key from there? Well, we went through it at the start. What's the key from there to say, right, okay, I'm going to get this double checked? Yeah, okay. I suppose I'll go maybe first. Please, yes, go ahead, Siobhan. I suppose Monique, I had gone to that GP, had got her antibiotics. Still wasn't improving correctly. He didn't respond completely to them. And I suppose what I will stress is when you're given a course of antibiotics, it's very important to take the full course of antibiotics. You went back to the GP again for a review. He reviewed you. He treated what he thought was trash giving treatment for that there. And the person themselves know that they're not right. They're just not coming back to themselves. They're not responding as well as they normally would be if they had, you know, ignored the sore trots in the past or a kidney infection in the past. One of the things I will say is suppose we have to watch our own bodies. You've said it yourself. Nobody knows their body as well as you know it yourself. And if you have that concern that I'm not right, go with your own intuition. Go with your own intuition. You're better safe than sorry. And especially if you've already had an infection. And it doesn't have to be a throat infection. It doesn't have to be a cough, a chest infection. You might have stuck with a thorn in your finger a week ago.  And then all of a sudden you might look up and say, that doesn't look too, you know, or it may be something entirely inside your organs that you're unaware of that's causing a source of infection. So what should we look out for then? I remember back in the day, my mother would check to see if a vein went red or something. I don't know if that was to do with this or whatever. But, you know, that's back in the day. So other than, you know, not responding to medicine, things aren't going as you would expect. What else? You mentioned at the beginning, I just want to recap as we move towards the end of this. So what else might be happening with your body? You might feel cold. Your hands might be cold. You probably won't notice the colour of your lips, but somebody else might notice the colour of your lips. They're not. Your breathing pattern will change. You might be breathing more rapidly because you're trying to get more oxygen in. The other thing is you're not passing the same volume of urine as you would normally take. You feel tired and sluggish of yourself. Your concentration's not there.  Some people vomit as you did, you vomit. So there's a lot of... But you're just not yourself. And as Siobhan says, when Nina mentioned about you know your own body, but who knows you better than the family?  They do know that person. They know when they're not well. Much better than any nurse or doctor seeing that person, they don't know them. So listen to... And it can affect anybody. It can affect anybody. Listen to your family. You know, people... Yeah, I suppose people who are well and fit, you know, yes, they can get sepsis. But I suppose people too with other underlying health conditions, young children especially, you know, all those things have to be watched out for. And they do encourage, you know, all together vaccinations for the meningitis, for the pneumococcal pneumonia, for the flu and those vaccines while they may not prevent sepsis, they will help along the route. Yeah, it's really, really important that we, particularly I think as parents that don't get caught up or conflict conversations about vaccines which we're not going to get into now and then have a broader disinterest in them or be discouraged because there are some that are long, long time tried and tested and genuinely can be the difference maker. That being said, it's up to each individual to make their own decisions. We will be... We are coming back into the winter again, Siobhan, and we are going to start hearing about Strep again and we went through this with our own boy there on Christmas Day. They got very sick really, really quite quickly and thankfully we were able to get to now dark and got antibiotics and everything was fine, but in my word, it's not pleasant. So particularly for young people because we talked about how we feel. So Maninya, she actually felt she didn't want to upset anyone with it, but she... So what about younger people? What should we ask where they can communicate a cause as we head into the winter season? Because it can affect younger people, so I imagine it's rarer. It might be rarer, but I suppose, you know, babies will go quiet. They'll not be feeding like under one year's of age. They'll not be feeding. They'll be very pallar. They will be, what we call this, sleeping just no life in them at all and the same with young children, maybe under the age of eight, they'll be the same. Their energy levels will go down. They'll have no interest in food. They'll be crying. They don't want you near them. Those are sort of the telltale signs and you don't have to be a mother's instinct. Hello? Over here, please. I'm a dad as well. Daddy, you mean? So, you know, those kind of things, you just know they're not right and they're off their food and they're not my level. And children, I suppose, what I will say... Wet nappies as well. Yeah, and wet nappies, not going to the toilet as much as they used to not pass as much urine. And children can get very, very quick. They can be jumping on the sofa when they smell it. Smell it. Smell it. They can be a slower and lifeless soul. Exactly. And don't think they're temperate people as well. I think we just need to make sure that we get help when we need it. Yeah. You talked about your interaction there, order with the blood pressure monitor. I think everyone has a thermometer in the house. Yeah. Should we all have blood pressure monitors in the house, I wonder, because, you know, not even just for this, but more generally speaking. I don't know, because what type of device do you have? It's not got to. Yeah. But I suppose it's a little bit about your ability to interpret the results as well and what you're looking for. I obviously, because my background is cardiology and I'd worked for years in the cardiac, I would have a spike and I would know a blood pressure and I know it's normal. You can tie it in whatever else is happening. Yeah. And I would know what was normal for Menina and I would know for, so you don't want to scare among people to go out and buy in a blood pressure monitor. Literally, by me putting my hand on Menina's head was enough of a tell-tale-tale-tale to say that she is unwell. She was, you know, warm to touch. She was agitated. She was perspiring. There was a lot of other tell-tales. I put my hand on her wrist to do her pulse and I knew it was fast and it was so like that. The blood pressure wasn't, it wasn't even, you know. You didn't need that. To be quite honest, even though I said that I didn't believe how accurate was myself. Okay. So like that. How are you now, Menina? I'm sure you're grateful. I'm sure you're... Yeah. I, you know, I have good days probably and most days I get frustrated when I can't do anything. I can't do what I want to do. So do you still have a hangover from that condition, like in terms of energy levels? No. I had my tips in my fingers amputated on my left hand. As a result of this? Yes. Okay. So things aren't as easy. Yeah. One handed more or less and but other than that, they know I'm keeping good. I'm in good hands and still living with Orla. I sold my house somewhere. I looked after. Two wells. Was anybody looking for a loiter out there? Maybe. You're getting the picture. No, health-wise. Yeah. I've got, you know, maybe get a wee bit more tired or than I would have before but no, I'm getting there. Good. I could sit down in the line now and I'm delighted to be here. Yeah. And listen, it's about, with all things, I think it's not about being fearful. It's about being careful and knowledge is power. 13,000 patients received treatment for sepsis in Irish hospitals in 2021. The last set of figures we have. So it's not uncommon but I think we've enough information disseminated right now that people kind of can be, I think sometimes we need to be entrusted, we're empowered to make the call. I think it's easier maybe to do it for a baby or a toddler than it is for yourself. And I suppose also, Greg, if you look at the site of the national ambulances, our ambulances are on the road every day and they actually have the warning signs for patients to pledge out for sepsis. It's on the side of the national ambulances as well. So like, you know, it's just to know yourself and know how to get help. And don't hesitate. We, you know, yeah. Yeah. Okay. Listen, tomorrow's World Sepsis Day. We have Siobhan Gele here, Sepsis Lead at Latter-Kinney University Hospital, Orla Noonan, who is the sister of Maninia Bradley, who contracted sepsis and thanks to the intervention of her sister and others and the great teams at Latter-Kinney and Galway, Maninia is able to sit here and tell her story. And the whole idea of it is to try and prevent someone else as best as possible to go through this situation because it's... Awareness. It's preventable to. Yeah. And the earlier the better. The earlier the intervention you get when you're sepsis about it. Absolutely. And that's, as a family, we wanted to contribute and to the awareness. Yeah. We... So that's it. It wasn't that bad, was it? In the end, like this interview was alright? No. Siobhan's never coming back again. Right. I'll be seeing you next year, Siobhan. I'll sit, I'll sit. Listen, thank you so very much. Great. No, Mark.  My life. Which is beautiful as well. Yeah. So finally then, a very good bye and thank you to Ola Noonan, her sister Maninia Bradley and Siobhan Kelly, who's sepsis lead at Latter-Kinney University Hospital. And we'll post this separately as an item on our socials as well. If you want to share it with friends a little later on, because as I say, it's just good to have the information and we kind of feel a wee bit empowered, don't we, when we think we know what to look out for and to trust ourselves and how we feel. Back with more shortly. Ola County's number one talk show, The Nine Till Noon Show, on Highland Radio. The Nine Till Noon Show with Letter-Kinney Credit Union. Simplify your debts with a debt consolidation loan from Letter-Kinney Credit Union. Call us on<PHONE_NUMBER> or apply online via our app or in office today. The wind is our greatest natural resource. 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Expressway, bringing you the time, Matt. It's 11 33. We're joined on the program now by Monsignor Anthony Figueredo. Good morning to you, Monsignor. Thank you so much for joining us. Good morning. Bonjour now from a CC in Italy. It's beautiful to speak to you. The relic of the Blessed Carlo Acutis is visiting St Eugene's Cathedral in Derry and there is a program of events which we will go to. But perhaps maybe you might be able to tell us about the Blessed Carlo Acutis because he is special in a number of ways, not least because he's been deemed blessed blessed, but also because of his of his age. Absolutely. So as you well know, when the church declares someone blessed, that's the first step on the road to becoming a saint. And the extraordinary thing about Carlo Acutis, who died at the young age of 15 in 2006. So he's the first person in the world to be declared a blessed in this new millennial. And being so young, he's attracting young people, young families. It's an extraordinary phenomenon wherever we go, thousands and thousands come wanting to know about this young man and be in the presence of his rally. I mean, he had a big interest in gaming technology, of course, all the stuff younger people now are still interested in that stuff are growing. But what was it about Carlo that he was designated blessed by the church? Well, he was certainly a very normal kid. I mean, he came from a very wealthy family. In fact, I know his parents are still alive. And his parents never went to church. Incidentally, Carlo brought them to church. What really made Carlo different amidst a very normal life? He loved sports. As you said, he was an internet genius. He loved video games. He loved hiking, swimming, had lots of friends. He was a good looking young kid. What made him different was his passion for holiness. And so he had a consistent spiritual life, which led him to Jesus and made his life even fuller. And because of his background, Monsignor, would one have got the impression that this was someone bestowed on him? It wasn't raised into him, but I presume people that have met him and spoke of him and championed the cause for his canonization. There must have been something particular about how he held himself or presented himself other and will get to it, other than how he healed a young Brazilian boy. There must have been something as well about him that must have felt bestowed from a higher point. Absolutely. And certainly the church has approved that miracle through touching of the relic. That relic is coming exactly to your part of the world on Thursday. What is really amazing about Carlo is that we didn't know he was a saint until his funeral, because thousands came to his funeral. His parents said, we don't know any of these people. And it turned out that Carlo had befriended particularly the weakest members of society, immigrants, beggars, children who were bullied at school that is disabled. And so he had touched the lives literally of hundreds, even thousands of people, and had brought them to know the love of God and the love of Jesus, which ultimately is what we are all called to. And that's what gives real joy to life. And we want to spread that message in Ireland. I mean, Ireland has such a great history of charity, of sending missionaries to the whole world. And now you've gone through difficulties in the last year, some have come from outside the church, some which have come many from within the church. We want to bring Carlo to say, here's a young man like Patrick who heard the voice of the Irish people in a dream, remember, who said to him, we beg your holy boy to come and walk again among us. That's why we're bringing Carlo to Ireland. That's why we're bringing the relic to touch people's lives, especially young people. Imagine if young people today can bring their parents to church. I think that's going to be happening. What can you tell us about the miracle which was approved by Pope Francis in 2020? Well, again, extraordinary. As you know, the church has great precision in approving miracles. Well, you have to, don't you? Because you can't, you know, for obvious reasons, yeah. Yeah, absolutely. So this particular miracle, the parish priest came from Brazil, was visiting Assisi, where I am now. He left an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the home of Carlo and the parents gave him a small piece of the cloth that covered Carlo when he was exhumed from the grave in Assisi, beginning his process of canonization. The priest took the relic back to his parish. That's exactly what we're going to be doing coming to Ireland on Thursday. And in a service, the priest had many parishioners come and said, with faith, touch this relic and you can be healed. A little boy called Matias, he was not even five years old, I believe, but he was unable to keep any food down. So he was wasting away completely, no cure whatsoever. His granddad brought him to the church that day. He touched the relic and on his way home, he asked his mother, I want steak and chips just like my two brothers. And when he arrived home, he ate the whole meal, able to keep all the food within him, and he's now a normal kid. Doctors have said that's an absolute miracle. By the way, we also have a second miracle, we believe, in Florence now. We don't give the details of that, it's still going through the process of being examined very carefully. But blessed Carlo of Assisi, and I want your listeners to know this, is a young boy who we believe is alive in heaven.  I just think so many people suffering today are from loneliness, from addictions, perhaps suicidal thoughts, whatever the situation is, we can be touched in our spirit and again know that God is powerful and God works miracles. This is a first class, as it's described, relic. That means it's actually part of blessed Carlo of Assisi's body. Absolutely. And it's a particularly important relic. It's what we would say is a major relic, because it's actually a piece of the pericardium. That is the membrane that surrounds the heart. So this piece of the pericardium of blessed Carlo Acutus will be in St Eugene's Cathedral, Derry, on Thursday. It's a very important relic. In fact, it's just been throughout the United States of America in many diocese. It went to World Youth Day in August, where literally thousands of young people venerated the relic. And now with the Archbishop of Assisi, we are traveling to Ireland tomorrow evening, in fact, to bring the relic to Derry, but also to Sligo, to Nock, and to Nury. We're very excited and we really want everyone who is listening to come and pray before this relic. And finally, Monsignor, almost finally, have you traveled with the relic previously? Absolutely, I have traveled with the relic. What's our beg your pardon? Sorry to interrupt you, Monsignor. The question, the following question would be, I mean, you witnessed people in their numbers, but did you see any, I don't know if the right word is transformations or some of that connection with it that you talked of, either physically or spiritually? I can say with absolute certainty that I witnessed miracles and I've heard of people really being healed in their body since our visit to our mark, where perhaps 7,000 people came in the space of a day and a half, then West Belfast. Even more importantly, and I would stress this, I have heard of people who have been given courage and fortitude to go forward in their lives, especially young people, young couples, anyone who is sick, anyone who is disabled, anyone who is lonely, they know they have a young saint in heaven praying and interceding for them, who's walked amongst us. This is the great thing of Blessed Thaloacusa.  He's a modern-day saint and he will intercede for you in heaven. Yes, I've seen miracles and we will see them again in these days. I can assure you of that. Okay, thank you very much for your time. Afterwards, I shall go through how people, what's going to be happening, but thank you for now, Monsignor. I appreciate your time. God bless you, every blessing to your great radio station. Thank you very much indeed, Monsignor. Anthony Figueredo, so the relic, and it is a special relic, top-class relic, a first-class relic that is. The relic of Blessed Carlo Acutus is visiting St. Eugene Cathedral in Derry. The programme is as follows, 9.30 a.m. on Thursday, the 14th of September, the arrival of the relic to St. Eugene's Cathedral, 10.00 a.m. mass with Bishop McKeown, Archbishop Serrentino and Monsignor Figueredo, which you've just heard of, 12.00 noon, Rosary in the Cathedral, 3.00 p.m., Divine Mercy, 4.00 p.m., benediction followed by closing ceremony and farewell. We're told this will be an opportunity to be blessed with the relic also. There'll be an exhibition of Blessed Carlo's life on display in this cathedral hall. The relic will then depart St. Eugene's Cathedral for Nox Shrine, where it will be on display on Friday the 15th of September, followed by a visit to St. Anne's Church Sligo on Saturday the 16th of September and finishing in Nury Cathedral on Sunday the 17th of September. Everyone's welcome, they say, to come to St. Eugene's Cathedral for what's being described as a very special day on Thursday. So, I mean, I mean, you heard from Monsignor Figueredo there, I'm sure there are things that have happened, but I mean, obviously, people can't cope there, I think it's going to fix everything for everybody, but as it may, we thought it important to bring you that information. We'll launch his new CD, The Road That Never Ends, in the Station House Hotel Letter Kenny, this Friday the 15th of September. Special guests include the Coughlinx Band, Sean McMonego, Ryan McGlynn, Doors Open 10pm at Mission 10 Euro. This side is sponsored by the Wolf-Tombard Letter Kenny. Looking for the best place in the Northwest to get a bed or mattress? Rest Ex-Beds and Mountain Top Letter Kenny had a great selection and great prices. Rest Ex-Beds has everything you need for a good night's sleep. Visit them today and sleep better tonight. 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New customers only 12 month contract, 500 meg broadband, 70 Euro thereafter, ends October 11th 2023. The Chirconal Blackfish Sheep Bridders Association 12th annual seal of 500 female sheep will take place in Milford Mart this Friday the 15th of September at 7 p.m. The sale will consist of Yolams, Hoggots and Yos. That's this Friday at Milford Mart. The Ninetal Noon Show is brought to you by Letter Kenny Credit Union. Digital loans now available. Apply online or via our app today and get your loan transferred directly to your current account. Welcome to the Spa at Orchids, one of Europe's largest spas at the Hollywood Hotel at Bundlehorn. Discover tranquility in our Japanese themed garden boasting seven treatment rooms, seaweed baths and a secret garden with an outside hot tub and sauna. Now, let me take you to the heart of Bundlehorn where you'll find the Hollywood Hotel Spa and Leisure Center. Don't miss out on our exclusive Midweek Hotel Specials. More information at HollywoodHotel.com. The Euro Millions Jackpot is an estimated 40 million Euro. Free GP care is now available for more people in Ireland. As a result, you may be eligible for a means tested GP visit card depending on your personal circumstances and your income and expenses like rent or mortgage and childcare costs. To find out more or to apply for a GP visit card, go to hse.ie forward slash gp visit cards and initiative of the Government of Ireland. Breedon's Furniture Cooley Maville with over 40 years of experience in furniture and floor coverings. They've got Irish made furniture, suites, beds, mattresses, dining, flooring, slide robes and occasional furniture. Great prices and large selection now available at Breedon's Home Furnishers Cooley Maville. Okay, we're joined on the programme night by Tim Cullinan, President of the IFA, a very busy man, of course. Tim, thank you very much for your time today. Last of all, any time. Right, so what went on yesterday? Well, you offered a meeting, a one-on-one meeting with Agriculture Minister Charlie McConnell. Did you turn that down in favour of protesting outside the finafore thinking? And if so, why? Yeah, I thought it was okay and this reverts about just quickly back to last Thursday and I suppose even prior to that. And the reason we are protesting currently is, I suppose, obviously there's two key issues out there. And number one is that the day in the payments farmers have to wait in excess of a month longer this year for their payments, you know, which they're entitled to is any other factor in society. If they had to wait a month for their salary, I think they would be uproar. And the other one obviously is this whole nitrous derogation of what has happened there. I suppose what happened was there was negotiations going on to hold this at 250 kilos organic end per hectare and our proposal to reduce it to 220. And obviously we want to maintain it at the 250. So there was a technical water quality group set up by the Minister. There was negotiations going on there. I was speaking over and back to the Minister and he was going to have this same meeting with the commissioner to deal with this in the EU.  What's your concern with that? Are you concerned that the other party's not going to take it too seriously here? I mean, it can't be that big a deal if the last contact before it's announced is over a video call. Is that what you're concerned? Do you believe the Minister should have flown out and no, no, no, no, no, no. I just want to lead up to that look. And that's just part of it. But the key and substantial part of this is the way this was dealt with. So on that meeting, the commissioner told our Minister that he was not going to continue with the 250. And so and the Minister himself decided then that he was not going to make any changes or improvements in the days or the times of the farm payments, farmers getting their money. So what he did was he actually issued and he had committed he would come back to myself on this. But what he did was he issued a press release on board and then put out a notice after the press release going out into the public domain issued a notice for a meeting. Now, there's not much point in having a meeting when you've your decision made. This is what I'm doing. There was no point in having a meeting to discuss this. So that's why we were outside Kildare Street, our agriculture house last Thursday. And following on, then you're right. The Minister requested a meeting again with myself yesterday. And I was very clear. There was no point in having a meeting in the current circumstances. And our members were very, very clear. They were clear to me that they didn't want a meeting with the Minister. So with that in mind and then securing a meeting with effectively Minister McConnell's boss in Mehal Martin and thrashing out with him. Does that mean you've lost faith in the Minister to deal with him directly that you want his superior in on the conversation as well? Because that's what it sounds like. Well, look, my concern here is number one. And look, it's not personally with Charlie McConnell. Look, the man has a job to the more than I've a job to myself post the position. And all I want is that the Minister, you know, he was elected and to represent the people. And in this instance, he was elected Minister for Agriculture that he would represent farmers and look, I'd be straight and honest with the people there. So I believe that is not happening in this in this case, where farmers have to wait an extended period of time for money that is due to them. It's the part of their salary. And obviously, the nitrates, the irrigation and the potential damage. This will do what this means in factual terms, a farmer with 48 dairy cows would have to reduce to 42. Like this is a farmer with 100 cows. It would mean if that farmer reduces 15%, in just sales coming into the farm, it would cost that farmer anything between 30 to 40,000 per year. This is the relevance of this. This is very serious. And then there's other consequences it has in terms of land value and acquisition and all that. And even a smaller farmers who might be borrowing against, you know, their prospective incomes, it's going to affect an awful lot of people in different ways. But just to be clear, this reduction in these in the drop in nitrogen per hectare is off the back of water quality. I presume we accept the findings of that. Are we satisfied that it is actually the farmers that are contributing to this poor water quality because it's certainly only the farmers that are being punished. So are we able to ascertain when we have polluted water that it is actually the agricultural community that's doing it and not a quarry or not a sewage or not the Irish water not investing in a particular area. Are we satisfied that it is actually farmers that are causing this pollution in our waters? Yeah. And what is happening here is, and in IFA, we have contracted in the services of a hydrologist a water quality expert to look at all of this. And I don't know, we have a lot of expert people within our staff ourselves. And if you look at it, 43% of the utrophification or the pollution in the base is coming from water treatment plants, which is not agricultural. And we accept, does another 40% come from agriculture. But if you look at the map of Ireland and look at the size of farmland, right, but our point to deal with our 40%, we have adopted, sorry, 30 measures since 2018. We've reduced the use of chemical fertilizer by 15% last year. And currently for this year, we're down with a reduction of another 15% as well. And what's so frustrating for me is we've done all of this work and we've put a very credible proposal to this minister to take to the EU Commission basically in layman terms. But the proposal is that if a farmer wants to continue at his 250 or her 250 kilos organic end per hectare, that it would reduce the volume of inorganic or chemical fertilizer that farmer is using, which will alleviate, you know, any loss of nitrogen in the water sources as well. Yeah, but the Charlamacan logon, yeah, but Charlamacan logon is press statement to say clearly that that this is not a decision that the EU and those responsible for it are going to change, that this cannot be fought. It's a fate to complete. The only fight now is to retain our derogation at 220. I will retain it at all for that matter. That's that's the Minister for Agriculture's firm position because I read it in his statement on the website. Yeah, and that's why we are still outside the Harsh and Jockey Hotel here in Limerick today. And that's why we will be at the Fina Gale think tank in Limerick on Friday. But the final point I want to make on this is there's a lot of talk currently in media circles that you know there's only one or two countries have this special arrangement of a derogation. But if we look at currently what's happening in the Eastern European bloc and numbers of the countries like, a large country like Poland, Romania, and any of the countries that are adjacent or joining the Ukraine have a special deal on grain that they do not have to purchase the grain coming out of the Ukraine, even though we're all in the single market. So I would have to beg the question the people that we are sending out now to negotiate on behalf of us here in Ireland, are they are putting enough pressure on the people in Brussels to maintain what we believe we need to protect 170,000 jobs up and down country of Ireland. If there's other countries get different derogations on different things as well. So that's points been well made on this program at the very least, Tim, whatever about anywhere else. Finally, I'll just ask you straight up here, you know the Minister's position you went above his head and wanted to speak to Tarnisheda Miho Martin. There's a line, you've got some time frames that relates to payments. I'm not sure if you're satisfied with them or not, but I don't have time to ask you. I'll ask the question once again, as it stands at this point, do you have faith in the Agriculture Minister? Look, that's the decision for the Sino-Fall parties. That's not my decision number one. And anyway, all I'm saying is absolutely I want to work with this Minister, but he needs to deliver for farmers. All I say is we're not seeing that delivery we require currently and there's a few things the Minister needs to do here. He can do them. He needs to go back and put pressure on in Europe and ensure we can maintain this derogation. And he needs to press the button, press send, you have ANC, which will impact seriously and a lot of your listeners up in County Donegal and he could do that today. There was no change in this. I don't accept his what he's saying around the new IT system has to be built and all the rest of it. There was absolutely no change in the ANC payments. And I'm asking the Minister to state that he press the button and get that money out this week out to farmers. Tim, thank you for your time. I appreciate it. Tim Cullinan, President of the IFA. Have a lovely Tuesday. Back with you tomorrow morning at 9. John Breslin is next.


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