My name is Dream1, and today I'm going to introduce an expected constant-run Byzantine broadcast protocol that works even under design as majority. This is Dream2work with Hanschen, Elaine, and Srinni. Byzantine broadcast is proposed by Lamport et al. in 1982. We have a set of users who wants to reach consensus. One of them is the sender who has an input bit. We say that consistency is satisfied if all honest users output the same bit. And similarly for validity, we want to make sure that when the sender is honest, all honest users output the sender's input bit. Under a synchronous setting, Dolop and Strong have shown that there cannot be any deterministic protocol that achieved Byzantine broadcasts in less than half-plus-one-runs, where half is the number of corrupted users. But if we consider randomized protocols and the expected rock complexity, then there were some beautiful reasons. Under honest majority, expected constant-run Byzantine broadcast protocol exists that works even under a strongly-adapted adversary. But for dishonest majority, the progress has been rather slow. Gary et al. first proposed a solution with TF-N square runs. This is later improved by Face et al. to TF-N. However, both of this solution is interesting only when F is very close to half-N. Even when F is like 51% of the population, then their run complexity is linear. A huge open problem is whether sublinear run complexity protocol exists until recently when Chin et al. proposed a polylog solution. This is a huge breakthrough. However, it still doesn't match the expected constant-runs protocol we have seen under honest majority. So in this paper, our results proposed a Byzantine broadcast protocol with N divided by the number of honest user, square, number of runs. Our protocol works under a synchronous setting, assuming trapstick cryptographic setup. We consider a weakly-adapted adversary. This means that the adversary can corrupt any user at any time. However, it cannot erase message already sent in the run of corruption. To achieve these results, a lot of previous tricks like selecting a committee, which is used in Chin et al's work, or setting a threshold, which is commonly used in honest majority, no longer works. So you have to build new techniques from ground up. One of the technique that we use is called the truss graph. As the name implies, we use the truss graph to indicate the truss relationship between different users. In the truss graph, the vertices is the set of users, and an edge U to V exists if and only if U and V mutually trust each other. In other words, they think of each other as honest users. So of course, users will have inconsistent view of whether users trust each other. So we allow users to maintain its own truss graph. And an edge U to V belongs to user W's truss graph, if and only if W thinks that U and V trust each other. So there's some challenge right here. The first one is not all misbehavior leave behind cryptographic evidence. If a user equivocates by sending two contradicting signatures, then the two signatures are proof that this user is corrupt. But let's say if a user U accused another user V of just not sending any message. Well, there are two possibilities right here. The first one is that U is corrupt, who intentionally dropped this message and tried to frame V for it. The second case is that U is an honest user, and he's right. V is corrupt and he's not sending any message. So in these examples, we cannot tell which of the user is corrupt just from the accusation. But the observation here is that we can observe that at least one of U and V must be corrupt. So in some sense, our truss graph is storing this type of accusation. And when enough accusations are gathered, then hopefully we can tell whether a user is corrupt or not. We allow a user to complain about another user without providing evidence. In some sense, the complaint itself is an evidence that at least one of U and V is corrupt. So one important property we want the truss graph to maintain is that honest users never complain about each other, and they should always be fully connected in anyone's truss graph. To achieve this, we do not allow any users to express distrust about an edge V to W that does not involve itself. We also make sure that when we actually implement the protocol using the truss graph, honest users never complain about each other. The second challenge that we face is that users does not have consistent view on the truss graph. In fact, making users share the same truss graph is as hard as solving bugs in broadcast itself. Our solution to this is to let honest users always share their knowledge to others. Specifically, if an honest user receives a distrust message or a distrust evidence in wrong R, it will always relay it to all other honest users in the next round. This guarantees that for any honest notes U and V, use truss graph in wrong R plus 1 is always a subgraph of V in wrong R. So given the construction of this truss graph, let's see how we can use it to actually detect and constrain corrupt users. So first of all, we know that if a user is complained by more than F plus 1 other users, then that means at least one of the complaint must come from an honest user. Therefore, this user must be corrupt and we can just remove it from the truss graph. In fact, we can even have a stronger check condition. We know that honest users always remain fully connected. In other words, they are in a clique of size n minus F. So if a node is not in any clique of size n minus F, then it must be corrupt. Unfortunately, checking whether a node is in any clique of certain size, this is NP-hard. So we have to relax this condition a little bit. But luckily we find something that's equivalently strong, but it's easier to check. Since honest users are always in a clique of size H, then for any two honest notes, we look at their neighbor sets and the intersection of the two neighbor sets must contain at least H elements. Therefore, for any two nodes U and V, we can just check whether the neighbor set of U intersect the neighbor set of V has less than H elements. If so, this implies at least one of U and V must be corrupt. So throughout the protocol, we maintain the truss graph by checking three conditions. We remove an edge if one of the nodes complains about the other. We remove an edge if they fail to match the neighbor set check. Finally, we remove a node if the degree of that node is less than H minus 1. The important result here is that if we maintain especially the last two check, then the diameter of any honest user's truss graph is upper bounded by approximately 2n divided by H. This is a constant number when H is linearly in. This is important because in the later Byzantine broadcast protocol, we relate the rank complexity with the diameter of the truss graph. In conclusion, our truss graph maintenance scheme satisfied three important properties. Firstly, all honest users are always fully connected. Secondly, honest users truss graph must have a small diameter. And finally, any honest truss graph in run R plus 1 must be a sub-graph of any honest truss graph in run R. Now let's see how we can use this truss graph, which comes to our second new technique, which is presenting a truss-cast protocol. The truss-cast protocol is a weaker primitive of consensus. It's similar to reliable broadcast or gridcast, where it doesn't achieve consensus itself, but we can bootstrap consensus from these weaker primitives. On the other side, truss-cast is really different from existing primitives like gridcast or reliable broadcast, because it is strongly related to the truss graph notation that we just talked about. So in truss-cast, we have a sender who wants to send a message to all other users. And we make sure that if an honest user has not received from the sender by the end of the truss-cast protocol, then the sender must be removed from used truss graph. We would like to stress that there's a difference between distrusting a node or removing the node from its truss graph. So in the first case, let's say if a user U distrusts or complain about another node V.   So in the second case, if a user U removes V from its truss graph, this means that U has solid proof of V being corrupt. This might be a set of F plus 1 complaints about V, right? So this is why our truss-cast protocol is really strong, because if an honest user remove U from his truss graph, then that means he has solid evidence of U being corrupt and he can send this evidence to other users to convince them that U are corrupt. To achieve this, we'll show that if an honest user does not receive from the sender by the i-thrown, then the distance between U and the sender on U's truss graph must be larger than i. So this property, when combined with the fact that the diameter of any honest user's truss graph must be at most d, which is approximately 2n divided by h, then this implies that at the end of the d-thrown, if an honest user still hasn't received anything from the sender, then the distance between U and the sender must be larger than the diameter here, which is impossible. So the sender must be removed from the user's truss graph. We have talked about the properties of truss-cast and what we want from it. Now let's see how to make it happen. The core idea is actually very simple. If an honest user does not receive from the sender by the i-thrown, then U is going to distrust any user V such that the distance between V and the sender on U's truss graph is less than i. So after this step, all of U's neighbor will be at least distance i away from the sender. Therefore, the distance between U and the sender must be larger than i. To illustrate why this works, let me introduce an example. In our example, we have a sender S who wants to share a message with A, B, C, D for users. We consider the perspective of an honest user A. At the beginning, A assumes everyone trusts each other, so the truss-graph of A is a complete graph. So in round one, A does not receive any message from the sender. Well, from A's perspective, we know that the sender must be corrupt because otherwise he should send the message M to A. In fact, this is exactly what our protocol did. By our protocol, A is going to distrust any user V such that the distance between S and V is equal to the round number minus 1. In this case, it's 0. So A will just distrust the sender S. Now let's look at the distance between A and S on A's truss graph. Right now, it's equal to 2, right? So this matches the property we want, which is if A does not receive from the sender by the i-th round, then the distance between A and the sender will be at least i plus 1. In the second round, A does not receive anything from B or C, but it did receive a complaint from D saying that the sender didn't send anything in the first round. So our protocol is going to deal with this complaint message first. To deal with it, A will remove the edge S to D because apparently D no longer trusts the sender S. Notice that A still hasn't received any message from the sender at this point. So by our protocol, A will distrust any user V such that the distance between the sender and V is equal to 1. We look at the graph here. This means that A will distrust the node B and the node C. So after removing those two edges, the A's truss graph will look like this. This part is very counterintuitive because as we mentioned before, an honest user only wants to distrust corrupt users. We don't want honest users to distrust each other. But in this case, like B and C didn't do anything that didn't send equivocation, right? They just don't send any message. In this case, how can A be certain that B and C are corrupt users? Well, there are two possibilities right here. Think about what happens in round one. If B or C have received from the sender, then if they're following the protocol, they should relay the message to A, right? If B and C have not received from the sender, then they would complain that the sender didn't send any message, like what D has done. So in either of these cases, they should at least send something to A. Therefore, if B and C didn't send anything in round two, then they must be a corrupt user. This is the details of our trusscast protocol, whereas you can see it is very short. The most important intuition is just as what we described, but there are some more details to it. Well, for example, the trusscast protocol also takes as input a verify function. This verify function will check whether the sender's message is valid. When we actually run the Byzantine broadcast protocol, we're going to call this trusscast protocol with different verify function, but I don't want to get to the details. If you're interested in the details of this trusscast protocol and why it works, please check out our paper online. In conclusion, the trusscast protocol satisfies that by the end of the trusscast protocol, an honest user either received a message from the sender or removed the sender from its trussgraph. The round complexity of this trusscast protocol is the same as the upper bound for the diameter of the trussgraph, which is 2n divided by h approximately. This is constant, as long as the number of honest user, h, is linear in n. Finally, let's see how we get Byzantine broadcast from trusscast. On the high level, we basically use the classic proposed vote and commit structure. This structure is used in a lot of previous work. For example, Abraham Atoll's work used it. Every epoch, we're going to elect a new leader, and in the proposed step, the leader will use the trusscast protocol to share its proposal, and the users will trusscast their votes, which is basically just relaying the leader's proposal.  There are a lot of details here, as we have to design different verification functions for a different step of the epoch. Without getting into the details, let's just briefly talk about why the trussgraph or the trusscast protocol matters in this protocol. First of all, the Byzantine broadcast protocol is designed such that users only care about reaching an agreement with other nodes on my trussgraph. In this case, in order for the corrupt users to have an impact on other honest users, they will try to remain an honest user's trussgraph, and to do so, they must have sent something, which is guaranteed by the trusscast protocol. The second reason is that the trussgraph monotonistic property really helps. We basically tie the proposal, the votes, and the commit proof to be related to the trussgraph, and the trussgraph monotonistic property help us show that if any of the proposal votes were commit proof, as valid to a certain honest user in some wrong R, then it will always be valid to all other honest users in all later rounds. And if we work around with this property, then we can show that if an honest user commits, then future leaders cannot propose a different bit. This means that all other honest users will eventually receive the commit evidence and always follow the honest user's decision. In conclusion, our Byzantine broadcast protocol uses three trusscast protocol in each epoch, and that would be theta n divided by h number of fronts per epoch. Again, recall that a is the total number of users, and h is the number of honest users. We terminate whenever we have an honest leader. This will happen in expected n divided by h number of epochs. So the final round complexity is just theta n square divided by h square in expectation. This is constant as long as the number of honest user h is linear in n. So finally, let us discuss why our Byzantine broadcast protocol will also work for an adaptive adversary, specifically a weakly adapted adversary. It is worth pointing out that all of the things we have discussed works only for a static adversary, because we need to select a leader. An adapted adversary can just corrupt the leader at the beginning of each epoch. In this way, we will need f plus 1 epochs before we can encounter an honest user, or an honest leader, which is basically a disaster. Our solution has two parts. First, we have postponed the leader election. We basically let everyone pretend to be the leader and just share their own proposal at the beginning of each epoch. In this way, adversaries cannot figure out who is the leader until all the proposal has been delivered. The second part is to make proposal affordable even after the leader has been corrupted. The details are complicated here, and I don't want to go into the details, but basically we're going to modify our trust guess protocol to make user also acknowledge the message back. In this way, a proposal needs to contain the signature of all the honest user as well. In this case, it will be unforgeable even after the leader has been corrupted. In conclusion, we create a budget in broadcast protocol that works under dishonest majority and a weakly adapted adversary. The wrong complexity is expected constant, and the communication complexity for the entire system is n to the fourth. In fact, a parallel work also showed that it is possible to achieve polylog wrong complexity under strongly adapted adversaries. However, the question remains whether it's possible to achieve expected constant wrong complexity under a strongly adapted adversary. This problem appears really challenging, and we hope someone has solved this in the future. Finally, we would like to thank Zach, Lin, and the anonymous GCC reviewers for providing so many helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank our awesome shepherd, Ren, for making this paper so much better. We would also like to thank you for being interested in our work, and thank you for listening.


Martin Luther King Jr. celebration. I'm your host, Alicia Utsi. This year's celebration is being held virtually in the interest of public health and out of an abundance of caution. Our first speaker is our Mayor, Mayor Daniel J. Rickerman, who will bring greetings on behalf of the city of Columbia. Thank you all for joining us today. I'd like to take a moment to thank Congressman Clyburn for speaking today and for all his contributions to South Carolina. Congressman Clyburn's career is consistent of delivering for the people of Columbia and standing up for those who need it most. Columbia has come a long way since the days of Dr. King and we still have a long way to go. But luckily for us, our city is filled with great people who know the true meaning of community. This is the city I fell in love with because of all our people's open minds and open hearts. As we remember Dr. Martin Luther King today, let us also carry this spirit of openness and community into the future. Let us never forget that despite any disagreements, we all are brothers and sisters in South Carolina and we should take care of each other. I look forward to hearing from Congressman Clyburn and I hope everyone knows our ears, our hearts and our doors will always be open in Columbia to anyone who needs it. Thank you. Each year we're pleased to offer scholarships to local students from our community. This year we're about to announce the winners for the 2022 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dreamkeeper Scholarships. Kevin Crawford, Public Relations Manager with the Parks and Recreation Department tells us the highlights. Good afternoon. I'm Kevin Crawford II, Public and Media Relations Manager for the City of Columbia Parks and Recreation Department. The Dreamkeeper Scholarship Award Program recognizes exemplary displays of committed service to tenants of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The ideals of social responsibility, political empowerment, diversity, racial harmony, non-violence and unselfish service must be demonstrated voluntarily by the nominee in support of his or her community and fellow citizens. Numerous nominations were received for this year's Dreamkeeper Scholarship Program. Starting with elementary, third place, $50 Jamir Reddick, Greenview Elementary. Second place, $75, Brandelyn Mullins, Greenview Elementary. First place, $100, Olivia Singleton, Center for Knowledge North. Now onto middle school winners. Third place, $100, Angelica Gary, K-12 Private Academy. Second place, $175, Chad Wilson, Southeast Middle School. First place, $250, Amari Backman, Southeast Middle School.  Third place, $250, Aisha Budden, Sumter High School. Second place, $500, Harmony Frederick, Spring Valley High School. And first place winner, $1,000, Miss Sidney Smith River Bluff High School. Last but certainly not least, we want to thank each and every one of our sponsors for donating this year. The sponsors for this program are as follows, Alpha Psi Lambda Chapter and Omicron Iota Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Faternity Incorporated. The Josiah Kaden Jenkins Memorial Scholarship by Chief RBD Jenkins. 100 Black Men of Greater Columbia Incorporated. Cromarty Law Firm. Craig Witherspoon, Richland School District 1 Superintendent. Henry Simons, Assistant City Manager of Operations. City Manager, Teresa Wilson. Reverend A.M. and Genevieve Risher-Utesy Memorial Scholarship, donated by Alicia Utesy, Public Relations, Media and Marketing Director. Director, Randy Davis, Parks and Recreation City of Columbia. Columbia Police Department, Chief Skip Holbrook and Deputy Chief Mel Ron Kelly and the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Foundation Committee. Also each year, we're proud to sponsor the annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Food Drive in partnership with Richland School District 1 and the Harvest Hope Food Bank. This year, the City of Columbia is proud of the success of the food drive and also proud of how many people in our community it will benefit and support. Randy Davis, our Parks and Recreation Director, gives us the results of the food drive and announces this year's outstanding winners. Good afternoon. I am Randy Davis, Director for the City of Columbia Parks and Recreation Department. On behalf of the Parks and Recreation Department, we would like to extend a sincere thank you to everyone who participated in the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Honor the Dream Food Drive. The food drive is held each year to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Legacy of Community Service. This year, we held a virtual and in-person food drive completed with a drive through food drive. With our virtual food drive, we have succeeded our expectations for this year once again. In addition, the drive through food drive was a great success as well. The City of Columbia along with schools in Richland District 1 competed against each other by collecting the most canned goods and each canned good that was donated by each school was tallyed to discover winners collecting over 15,000 pounds of food. I will now present the winners for the schools. In third place, Forest Heights Elementary collected 1,476 pounds. Second place, Meadowfield Elementary collected 1,504 pounds. And Hand Middle School collected the most with 2,894 pounds. Now on the city buildings, Drew Wellness came in third place with 409 pounds. King Park is second with 522 pounds. And Hyatt Park is our first place winner collecting 680 pounds. Thank you again to all who have contributed along the way and we look forward to serving the community for many years to come. We are Columbia, thank you. And now the highlight of our ceremony, our keynote speaker. This year we are honored to have Congressman James Clyburn as our keynote speaker for the 34th annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration and Commemoration for the City of Columbia. Thank the City of Columbia for inviting me to speak at this 34th annual Martin Luther King Jr. ceremony.  After all, those are the cornerstones of our country's founding principles and the foundation upon which our fragile democracy has been built. Dr. King was to my generation one of, if not thee, most admired people on the planet. I first met him during the weekend of October the 15th, 1960 at the second official meeting of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. I along with several other students from Plaffland and South Carolina State Colleges in Orangeburg joined other student leaders from around the country on the campus of Morehouse College in Atlanta. We were there to organize and coordinate our activities and, as is often the case, tensions developed between us younger founding members of SNCC and Dr. King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Seeking to reconcile our differences, we asked Dr. King to meet with us and he complied. I learned during that meeting, which began around 10 p.m. and ended around 4 a.m. and many meetings since, that our differences stem more from our varied life experiences than any philosophical approaches which in my memoir I call Blessed Experiences. That night, I had what I like to call my solstipal transition. I have never been the same since that meeting. Our differences allow us to learn from each other and grow together. It is our ability to reconcile our differences that determines how successful we'll be in bringing out our endeavors to fruition. Those of you familiar with the Good Book, you know that the Apostle Paul changed his name from Saul after thrusting himself into public and active life. In the manifestation of his great principle, he writes in 1 Corinthians 13-11, when I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child, but when I became a man, I put away childish things. I experienced a lot of growing up that night. After that night, I started studying and reading everything I could about and by Dr. King. From his first book, Stride Towards Freedom, the Montgomery story, to his last book, Where Do We Go From Here? Chaos or Community? But the one writing about the Kings that I consider as timeless as anything I've ever read outside of the Bible is his letter from a Birmingham jail. At the time he wrote his letter, Dr. King was in Birmingham to support efforts of the local community to get rid of America's version of apartheid and had been asked to leave because he was a disruptive force. He later received a letter from eight white religious leaders, which they called a public statement of concern and caution. In that letter, the clergyman wrote that they thought King's cause was right, but that his timing was wrong. Dr. King's jailers didn't give him any paper to write on. So he used the margins of the newspapers to pin the beginning of his response to their public criticism of the nonviolent demonstrations against segregation as unwise and untimely. King responded in his letter by addressing the issue of time. He wrote, the time is neutral. It can be used either destructively or constructively. He went on to say that people of ill will have used time much more effectively than the people of good will. He continued, we will have to repent in this generation, not merely for the vitriolic words and actions of the bad people, but for the appalling silence of the good people. Those words written over 60 years ago still ring true to this day. The events of January 6th, 2021, and efforts by individuals to nullify our elections have shown how effectively the people of ill will are using their time. Our response must be a better use of time. As we celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., hopefully the people of good will commit to making better use of time. It is time for the people of good will to stop being complicit. As my dad would often say to me, silence gives consent. We must not allow the threads that hold the fabric of this great country together to become unraveled by lies big and small, by autocratic musings and appalling silence. The most fundamental thread in the American fabric is the constitutional right to vote. Dr. King spoke on the importance of voting when he visited South Carolina for the first time shortly after the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Dr. King came to the little town of King Street, and my late wife, Emily, and I were in attendance. It was here that he referenced the plethora of marches that were taking place across the country addressing the social issues of the day. And in tone, let us march to the ballot boxes. He went on to say, let us march on ballot boxes until brotherhood is not a meaningless word at the end of a prayer, but the first order of business on every legislative agenda. Let us march on ballot boxes. We march to integrate lunch counters. We march to get off the back of the bus. We march for various causes. Dr. King was saying to us, finally, it is time to march to the ballot boxes. If there was ever a time for us to listen to Dr. King's plea, it is in 2022. Listen to King's ammunition from King Street. That's the way we can celebrate Dr. King every day. Lastly, keep in mind the true meaning of the day. This country doesn't have to be made great. This country is already great. Our challenge is making this country's greatness accessible and affordable to all its people. Is my hope that as you celebrate this day, you continue this great fight and dedicate yourselves to a life of liberty and commitment to others. Thank you and Godspeed. That brings us to the close of this year's 34th annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. celebration. We are so inspired and touched by such an amazing speech delivered by Congressman James E. Clyburn, our keynote speaker. We would also like to thank our Mayor Daniel J. Rickerman for his comments and greetings, as well as our Parks and Recreation Department, staff members Kevin Crawford, PR manager, and also Randy Davis, the director. As we close our celebration, we close with a benediction and prayer, a blessing actually, from city councilman Edward H. McDowell Jr. Also, after the benediction, you will hear, lift every voice and sing. Again, thank you for joining us and make sure that every day is a day that you give service to your community in honor of the legacy and memory of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. And now may the peace, power, the spirit of Dr. Martin Luther King and the social justice emphasis that empowered each of us and empowers us today. Rest, rule, and abide with us. Forever, Amen.


So the product that I'm reviewing today, I don't really know how to go about it. I don't think I've ever seen a product marketed quite like this ever, and I just don't know how to go about today's review. So let me go over the details, and then I want to experiment a little. This is the Denessa Myricks Yummy Skin. We just got the Yummy Skin Serum Foundation and Primer, but it's the Yummy Skin Blurring Balm Powder. Like what? It's a balm, but they call it a powder. So first of all, shout out to Camera Ready Cosmetics.  They got it to me the day that it launched, which is awesome if you don't know. Camera Ready Cosmetics does carry Denessa Myricks. This product right now is currently available on the Denessa Myricks website. Camera Ready Cosmetics and Beautylish. I think it's coming to Sephora on the second. So I will have all the links down below. But if you do shop at Camera Ready Cosmetics, if you use the code MORGANTURNER at checkout, that will save you 10% off. Just thought I'd throw that out there. And again, huge shout out to Camera Ready Cosmetics for supporting my channel. This is not a sponsored video, by the way. They just are supporting my channel and sent this to me. So thank you. It's a big help. So what's about what this is? It is a texture reducing coverage boosting blurring balm that balances oil throughout the day while maintaining hydration. Their claim to fame on this is that this formula has a super ingredient, Upsalite, which is supposed to balance and absorb excess sebum and sweat while maintaining skin's hydration. But this is where it gets confusing, guys. You can use this however you want. You can use it alone as a primer underneath your foundation. You can use it to set your foundation or you can use it as foundation. And there are some that are tinted, so you can use that to add coverage to your foundation and then they have a universal shade that I'm going to show you today. I don't know. That's why we need to play. So there are 10 colored shades in this range. They're supposed to be shears. So a lot of the shades can be used for multiple skin tones. And then there is one universal shade. So Camera Ready Cosmetics sent me shades Universal 1, 2 and 3. Let me show you the box first. And even on the box, it's like, you can use this for the eyes too. I just, I need to feel this product. I don't even know how to test it today. So this is really a first impressions. Don't go off of my review alone because I'm a little confused. I'm gonna have to update you in like literally two weeks before I can give you my thoughts I think. This is Made in China. It has a 12 month shelf life. Here is what the component looks like. I love that we have this built in paddle. Like you can't lose this. I think this is so smart. As you know, Dinesa Meyer typically creates her products with the makeup artist in mind. This keeps everything sanitary. She is definitely hitting the consumer market now with these products. It's not just makeup artists. And here is the back, if you need to look at the ingredients or anything. They're really hidden home with the Upsalate, Upsalite. Okay, anyways, how do you open this? It's a twist open. Then here's what it looks like. This is supposed to be a powder, but this is a balm, right? Okay, I'm gonna touch it. Yeah, it feels wet, like a balm. Look at the wrinkles on my hand. Let's see if this does anything. Huh, as you blend it in, I do feel like it kind of dries down. Normally I wouldn't swatch all of the colors, but I feel like you can use this for highlighting and whatnot. And if you're trying to find the shade for you, hopefully this helps. So this is shade number one. See, they feel really wet and dewy, like a balm. I think number three should be my shade. Here's number two. And it's kind of yellow-y. And I think I'm number three, right? I don't want to say they've dried down to like a powder finish, but they've hardened, but it's not as like wet feeling anymore. I don't know what to do with this. I am going to first start off with the Universal shade to see what it does. Let's see. I have the lights down, so it's not the most flattering on my skin, but I want you to see everything. I've already been on sanitary and dug my fingers in, but now I'm trying to take that back in. Let's be sanitary. So they say to just apply this with the fingers. Danessa also said you can use it with a brush. So it starts off feeling like a balm and I have nothing but sunscreen underneath. So you can use this underneath your makeup to prime, but you can also use it on top to set, I guess, because it has that dried out. I don't know. I don't know. It made my skin feel really smooth. It's not powdery feeling on my skin, but like you can feel it dried down to almost like a non-slick silicone feeling. It's the best way that I can describe it. You know how silicone you can feel it, but it's a little slick. It feels like silicone, but not as slick. Oh my gosh, and it's definitely dried down like it's not a wet product anymore. This is so weird. I feel like it mattified my face. I don't necessarily know that it blurred anything like it claims, but this is not even a review. I have no clue what I'm talking about. You guys, this product is weird. Okay, let's give that a break. I'm going to leave the rest on the spatula to see if it dries down a little bit. I want to try shade three now and let's see how much coverage we get. So I'm going to put it on my spatula.  Okay, so you can use a sponge for this. Like look at this. Look, it's like a cream foundation. Okay, let's see how much coverage. Okay, I'm probably shade four, but shade three will work on me. Oh, I kind of like using my fingers with this, which is something I almost never say, but it's really blending with such ease on my fingers.  So confused. You can even use the tinted one before you apply our foundation as a way to add extra coverage and prime the skin and kind of get your textures right. I don't think I like it on its own, like as foundation. I don't know if you can see right here, but it looks a little dry. I'm going to try with a brush to blend it in. I added a light coverage though, like you can see it even things out, but the finger application, I don't know about them. I'm probably going to take this off and start from scratch after this. I just needed to play with this to see. So the only thing is I feel like this is kind of struggling to be not streaky looking on my skin and it doesn't look even. No matter what I do, I feel like I can't get it to have a non-streaky finish with both my fingers and the brush, which kind of leaves me wanting to put foundation on top of this and then seeing if I can set with this. But I feel like let me put this all over now. I'm just going to put the rest on. Where's my makeup sponge? I have a damp makeup sponge. Let's see if a sponge makes a difference. So remember, I do have the universal underneath on this side. There is a bit of a learning curve with this product, which is why I'm testing it out now to try and help you. Wait, okay. The sponge application though? Yeah, no. The brush was not working. I felt like it just kept moving the product everywhere and it would never set and give a skin like smooth finish. It just looked really streaky. The sponge is definitely giving the most even application in my opinion. I need some money to teach me how to use this. Okay, so sponge is the way to go and the side that I applied it with the sponge looks really, really good. Like it feels really lightweight on the skin. The fact that you can put foundation over top of this is kind of weird. Okay, so here's what I'm gonna do. For testing purposes, I'm gonna put some of the Yummy Skin Serum Foundation on top and then I wanna try setting with the universal and then I'm taking it all off and I'm going to wear the Balm in shade number three all day today on its own. So first, let's take a little bit of the Serum Foundation Yummy Skin which I really do like this, but please remember, less is more with this product. I'm interested in seeing if the blurring powder, whatever underneath affects anything. So what I think the purpose of that would be is if you are oily, since that key ingredient in the Denessa Myricks is supposed to keep your oils at bay, you definitely need a lot less foundation if you're using this underneath. I have a lot of the Balm underneath and I feel like it's blending in nicely. Just gonna do it on this side. See if anything looks different or really heavy. I'm surprised. I thought layering the foundation on top would be too much, but it gave me extremely full coverage and that foundation gives a lot of coverage to begin with. I want somebody with oily skin to review this. If you have oily skin, can you wear this underneath your foundation and then put your favorite foundation on top and tell me if the wear time changes? So confused. There's so many different ways to review this. Wow, okay. So I feel like the foundation has dried. So by the way, the universal that I left on the spoon or whatever earlier, it still is like balmy. Now let's see when we put the universal on top if it moves anything or makes anything weird. I feel like I want to set my face real fast. Let's give this a chance just in case. Okay, let's try and put it on top, I guess. Okay, no. This is like ruining everything. Let me try it with the sponge then. So I just blended it on the back of my sponge. Yeah, if you're gonna layer on top, definitely use a sponge to push it in because the fingers literally just ruined everything and I have to come back and mash everything together with the sponge. I mean, my skin looks good, right? The yummy skin makes my skin look good. I'm not sure about this universal one. I think if you're oily, you will like the universal one, but if you're dry like me, I don't think you need the universal one, but here's how it looks with just the number three bomb on its own. And then here it looks on this side with everything, the universal underneath, the three on top, the yummy skin on top, and then the universal on top. It doesn't look too thick, given all the layers. I think the best way for me to understand this product for this first wear test is to wear the number three on its own. And I just wanna see how long it lasts since it's supposed to help my oils because you can wear the universal on its own as well. And then in the next few days, I will definitely be testing this in other capacities. But let me take this off and let's get the official application on. As I was washing my face, I took a few moments to collect my thoughts on this because yes, the first few minutes of this video was a disaster. I was like, what is this product? I think this product will be most beneficial to those with oily skin, particularly the universal product, just to keep your oils at bay. Since it is a more dry formula, which you saw when I wore the balm on its own in the streets, it was not looking good on my dry patches.  So a product like this would still be beneficial to those of us with dry skin because we're gonna get a little sweaty in these warmer months. But you do need to make sure the texture of your skin is nice and hydrated and prepped before you use a product like this. I'm using the Charlotte Tilbury Magic Cream to really nicely prep the skin. The one thing I'm really unsure about is using this on top of foundations. It was able to work with the yummy skin, but I feel like with a texture like this, you might need to be picky with what foundation to do that with because I can see some not liking the texture at all and it will ruin everything. So just be careful with that. It worked fine with the yummy skin, but I had to work it in. And I'm not sure in terms of longevity how it is going to do with oils. I'm also not the best person to judge that considering I have more dry skin. I want to apply this as I normally would. I'm liking the coverage that it gives on its own anyways, but actually, okay, I'm gonna take the universal first. And I want to put this in my T-zone where we're a little bit more textured on one side of my face to see if I'm able to see a difference on how, I don't know, I have no clue. Let's just put it there. So I'm just gonna use my fingers on this side and I'm gonna put it in my T-zone. I guess it is kind of redundant to do this since I have this exact same formula that I'm gonna put over top that's tinted. So maybe not. But if you plan on using this formula as a primer, if that's how it ends up working well, then I would suggest the universal shade and you can also use it as a primer underneath your foundation with a tint, but that would add more coverage. Depends if you want that. Okay, now we're going into number three. So I'm gonna start off slow and steady. I'm blending it on the back of my hand. We're gonna spread it out. I love how it spreads with the finger though. Breaking out, I think I used something that my skin didn't like. I have a damp beauty blender now. I cleaned it off from using the Serum foundation since it had some left over product on there. So I did clean that. Yo, this zip right here is looking uglier by the hour. Okay, so this is one pretty light coat.  One thing I will give credit to for this product is no matter how many layers I seem to do with this, it feels lightweight, like no matter what. I feel like I could do 10 layers of this and it would still just be like one light layer of makeup, which I think is crazy how it literally melts into the skin because it starts off thick but then it just melts right in. Sponge is by far my favorite way to apply this. If you have oily skin, it might be different for you but I feel like with my fingers or with a brush or anything else, it really makes the product soak into any dryness or pores or anything like that. With the sponge, I feel like it really gives it that finish that I like. So we have one good layer of the product down and then I would say another half layer on spots that I wanted to touch up with. Okay, I definitely think I have this product figured out now. It was fun in the beginning but I think I can work my way around this but I'm feeling a little bit more confident on how to work this. So here's what it looks like. I think it looks really nice right now. It looks very natural. It's like a light coverage even to everything out. Let's see how it plays with other makeup. I don't plan on powdering. I might in the T-zone a little bit since I'm gonna put some concealer on. I'm definitely gonna leave the camera on for application so let's go. It'll be interesting to see how a brush with bronzer and stuff work on top of that. So I'm gonna leave the camera on so you can see what I'm using and how it's going. So she also said that you can use this as an eye primer. So I'm going to try that today. I don't know. Let's see. So makeup is done. I experimented with a couple different things. So I know you probably aren't supposed to put powder on top. D'Nessa doesn't necessarily recommend it but I love powder. So I just powdered this side of my face to see what would happen. It doesn't feel overly dry on my dry skin at all and the powder did its work with blurring and whatnot. So I think it looks really good. Though on this side, no powder. I actually went in with the number one shade balm and put it on top of my concealer to see if that makes a difference at all. I mean, this side that has the powder looks better than the side that I put the number one on. And then I did use powder, bronzer, and blush because that's what I mostly use on an everyday basis anyways. I just feel like it helps with my sweatiness. Hell, but I think everything looks really nice. It looks really lightweight. It doesn't feel drying. Since I prepped my skin good, it doesn't look drying. The only thing to note is I still liked setting it with a powder but we're gonna see. As the day goes on, I'm gonna go for a walk. I need to check in my rain actually but I wanna go on like a 30 minute walk. And then Jose and I are getting dinner tonight. So yeah, here is the look at everything. It is such an interesting product you guys. Definitely a learning curve, at least for me. I'm gonna show you how it looks on my iPhone and then we will begin the wear test. Okay, and then here is a closer look on my iPhone. I think everything looks really great and natural right now. So I'm excited to see how this does. Wait, okay, I lied. I just looked back at that footage. I will say, yeah, my skin looks a little dry, slightly concerning but I feel like as the day goes on and my natural oils come through, I'm not that worried yet, yet. It is six o'clock. I did not go on the walk that I said I was gonna go on but I wanted to show you how the, I don't even know if I should call it a foundation, how this balm thing has settled onto my skin. So you can say it has started to settle into the fine lines right here, not that big of a deal. Most like 90% of foundations do that and it looks a little dry.  Along here, you'll see it looks dry on the outer parts. That's been the norm with foundations lately. That's something I gotta figure out. But it looks good. I want to sweat a little bit more to kind of hydrate or if I weren't doing a full wear test, I would definitely use a setting spray to add a little bit of extra hydration but it doesn't feel dry. It doesn't even look extremely dry. This is just with me looking up close on a magnetized mirror. I still think it looks nice. I'm still preferring the side where I use one of my favorite powders to set but it still looks good on the unset side. I under-eyes like a wee bit better in terms of the fine line you're chappening where I set with the powder. So I know Donessa kind of suggests against using powder but if you just use a little bit, just one that you like. Make sure it's a powder that softens and blurs the skin. One that you like what it does to the skin. Make sure you use a touch of that. And I feel like it's holding in place a little better. So I'm going to go for a walk eventually Jose and I are gonna go have dinner, maybe grab something for dessert and I will update you later this evening. But so far, I think it's wearing really nice. It feels really, really great for every day but my fellow dry skin girls, you're definitely going to want to prep the skin properly but it's not off limits for us. And then oily skin girls, I have a feeling you're going to be all over this. So I'll check in in a few. So it's been well over eight hours. I have to say the makeup has worn very gracefully. Taking a closer look. I mean, I think the side that's powdered looks a little bit more blurred but the side that's not powdered, I think still wore really well. Since I was eating and whatnot, it's kind of come off around my mouth but that's to be expected. But I mean, everything looks pretty good. All things considered, my blush is still vibrant. I can see my bronzer even on my eyes. Remember, I use it as an eyeshadow primer. There's not any creasing. So actually that's really nice. Even though it was a bit of a rocky beginning, I like this. It's not made for dry skin. You have to prep your skin properly. I'm going to wear this a few more times and I'm going to do it as I would knowing that it doesn't work best on dry skin. So lots of moisturizer, moisturizing primer, hydrating, glowy mist, all of that good stuff and I really want to see how I wears. But it still worked out pretty well for me but my oily skin girls, I think you will really enjoy this. Application is a bit tricky if you're going to use it as a foundation. You have to find the best way that works for you. For me, like I said, the sponge works great. It's arguable, you know. Is it worth it if application is tricky? But I think it wore really well. I think this is a new style of product to the market. I mean, I know I don't own anything like it and I do like the idea of the versatility. I think it looked really smooth on the skim. Not sure about the universal color and using that as a primer. If you have dry skin, I just don't think there's a point to the universal. You're better off just getting tinted. But I'd be interested to see somebody with oily skin using the universal shade as a primer to see if that makes a difference. This is definitely a product that I'm going to have to continue testing more to give you my final, final thoughts. But I hope even though I didn't know what I was doing at the beginning with this, that this video was helpful. We could learn together more about the product because it's so weird. It's such a weird product. But all in all, I think it's really nice as like an everyday foundation to throw on when you don't want to feel like you're wearing heavy makeup and maybe it's a hot day. I think this is going to be good for hot days, especially I'm telling you. I know she doesn't encourage you to use powder, but the area that I powdered, I mean it looks flawless. Like it really kept everything in place super good. And you'll see where I use it as concealer. It's definitely a little bit more creasy than where I powdered with my Armani concealer. So just keep that in mind. Yeah, this is interesting. I'm going to circle back because I don't feel quite satisfied in this review. I need, need, need to test all of the capabilities that this product has. So thank you guys so much for liking this video and being subscribed to my channel. I will catch you in the next video. Bye, guys. Have a good one.


What is up guys, Karma Medic here and welcome back to another dose. If you're new to the channel, hi, my name is Nasser and I'm now a fourth year medical student studying at King's College London and in today's video, I'm going to be covering a topic that's been highly requested over in my Instagram DMs. If you don't already follow me on Instagram, you can do so right over here and that is the topic of what is on my Mac. I'm going to be going through a series of apps that are on my computer that help me study while in medical school and also just help me be a more efficient human being in my day to day interactions with my laptop. I also want to say thank you to Grammarly for sponsoring today's video. I'll go into more detail about their fantastic application later on in the video. Before we begin, let's get the details out of the way. This here is the 2017 13 inch base model Touch Bar MacBook Pro. So it doesn't have the best specs in the world, but it is easily the best purchase I have ever made. And in second place very shortly after it is my iPad Pro. So first things first, let's start off with my desktop setup. On macOS, you have this amazing functionality to create three different desktops. You'll see that they're all quite similar but slightly different colors, but they each serve a very different purpose. This first desktop over here is sort of my chilling relaxing and having fun desktop. This is basically where I watch Netflix, I watch my YouTube videos, I browse the web doing random things, and also where I have both my calendar and my email app of choice. This blue desktop is dedicated solely to work. So this is why I do things like my medical school assignments, writing essays or doing any research project work. This is also why I study for the USMLE exam. So you guys will see here, I've got boards and beyond, I've got sketchy, I've got PATHOMA, I've got U world, USMLE RX, whatever, whatever. So this desktop is where I only do work. And then the last desktop is dedicated only for YouTube related things. So this is why I have my Final Cut Pro open and this is why I work on editing my videos. And this is also why I check my YouTube analytics and why I do keyword research and things like that. So anything YouTube related is dedicated to this third desktop over here. So in the same way that in real life, I never ever work on my bed or on my couch, I only ever work at my desk. In my laptop, I have different desktops dedicated to different purposes. And this helps give me cues to be in different states of mind or in different moods when I'm on my different desktops. And that way, for example, if I'm doing work on desktop number two, and I put my three fingers up to get this sort of bird's eye view, I won't be distracted by seeing anything like Netflix or my YouTube channel, which would be on different desktops. I only have work related things on desktop number two. And then last thing about my desktop, I try and keep it as decluttered and clean as possible. Yes, before filming this video, there were a couple of screenshots and documents here and there, which I filed away, but 90% of the time my desktop is 90% clean. And that's what matters to me. All right, let's start talking about the different apps that I use in my day to day interactions with my laptop. Starting off with internet browsers, there's nothing too special here. I use both Safari and Google Chrome. But what's a little bit more interesting is that I use the two different browsers for two different purposes. Safari you will only ever find on desktop number one, and Safari for me is associated with and is dedicated to relaxing, watching YouTube videos and Netflix and things like that. Whereas Google Chrome is found on desktops two and three, and is dedicated to more work related things. Again, this is a very subtle cue. It's a very simple way of reminding me that I'm currently doing work because I'm using Google Chrome. And that helps keep me in the sort of work related mood. I think each one of these segregating things that I do by themselves are probably not that useful. But when you put them all together, I've sort of created this world for myself where if I'm on desktop one, these are the apps that I use. And this is the type of work and stuff that I'm doing. Or if I'm on desktop two and three, these are the apps that I use and everything's dedicated more towards work. All right, now let's move on to talking about my email app of choice. The email app that I use is called spark. And I think that this is infinitely better that I just get an email. And I think this is infinitely better than the default mail app that comes on your Mac. With spark, you can color code all of the different emails you have so that they're a little bit easier to manage and separate. On top of that, you can use keyboard shortcuts to navigate the software and it just helps make things a lot more easy. For me, it's just so much more of a pleasure to use. And if it's easy and simple to use, then that makes me use it more often. And that helps me get through my emails much faster. All right, moving on to the calendar app that I use, this one is called fantastical. And it is fantastic. The reason fantastical is so great is because it understands normal language. It intuitively interprets a written sentence into a calendar event. I realize I'm probably not making sense. Let me just show you what I mean. So let's say I want to write in an event for today, the 29th of May. I'll say study for USMLE exam at 9am, at guys campus, alert me 30 minutes before. Okay, so I just quickly typed in that sentence. And now I've created this event, which says study for the USMLE exam. The location is guys campus. The start time is 9am. And there's going to be an alert that's going to remind me about this 30 minutes before. How incredible is that? Okay, that is very, very useful. My biggest problem with using the default calendar app was that every time I wanted to put in an event, it was like such a chore. It was a hassle to do. I'll have to create a new event and title it. Then I'd have to manually go in and change the time. And I'd also have to type in the location myself. And if I wanted to set a reminder, then I had to additionally click on the alert. Whoops, remind me 30 minutes before, then hit enter. So using the fantastical app has completely streamlined my process of inputting events into my calendar. And if something is easy and simple for me to do, then I'm going to do it more often. And so I can make more use of this calendar without wasting time checking in all the little details of every event that I make. All right, the next app that I want to talk about is a small app, but it has big potential and it's called thought train. So it's what you guys see up here, which is sort of this scrolling list of reminders that I've set for myself. And because it stays at the very top of the screen, you're almost forced to look at it more often throughout the day. And so it's an easy way to keep something that I want to be reminded of right at the forefront of my view. All right, next, let's talk about notability, which is my main note taking app of choice. I forgot to mention before that notability as part of my work is also open on desktop number two. Now notability is just quite simply amazing. It's a digital note taking app that I have on my iPad and it syncs up very quickly and easily seamlessly whatever with my MacBook. So ever since I switched to taking digital hand written notes with my iPad and I've made a bunch of videos on that here on the channel, I'll leave them linked in the description down below if you want to check them out. I've been using notability. So all of my notes in medical school, even from first year, which I've scanned and uploaded to notability as well, are all backed up online and stored on both my iPad and my MacBook. So after having written something down on my iPad, I can study it from my iPad or also on my laptop, which is especially useful if I'm using my iPad to do something else entirely. I love notability because it's able to take my 784 notes that you can see over here and helps me organize them into very easy, logical, different folders and files. And that way, if I'm ever trying to refer to a specific note or study a specific subject that I've done in the past, it's very easy for me to find and I have everything synced across my devices. If I update one of them, they all get updated. It's honestly just a fantastic note taking app for hand written notes. All right, continuing on to the theme of note taking. Let's talk about the notes app. I have such a love hate relationship with the default notes app on Mac OS. It syncs very well between all of my Apple devices, which is great. But the biggest pet peeve that I have with it honestly is that the text writing is so small like you can't zoom in. There's no way to make this bigger. It's just tiny, tiny, tiny. Ever since I bought my Mac and my iPhone, I've been using the notes app in order to take my type notes. So it's kind of become my default for doing that. But I honestly need to change because it's so bothersome seeing this tiny, tiny writing, especially when I'm trying to read it on my laptop. But I've used my notes app to write down and take care of absolutely anything. I have my book, movie, restaurant recommendations over here. I've got some work from the summer research lab Toronto. I've got my gym workout routine. I've got some important stuff for KCL hospital placement. And I've got a couple more things here and there. But basically I use this app anytime I want to write down something that is typed either on my phone or on my keyboard. However, like I said, the writing is very small, which makes it absolutely horrible for scripting my YouTube videos, which is what I have been using it for. And so I'm determined to make a change. So recently I've been using bear bear is a much more pleasant note taking app experience. You can see here that I have the script for the YouTube video that I'm recording right now. And I'm basically using it to keep track of my ideas for YouTube videos and my scripts for YouTube videos. I like having different apps to be used for different things. For example, bear is dedicated to YouTube scripts and ideas. I have the macOS notes app in order to write down all these other random little things here and there that you can see on the left hand side. And then I also have Notion, which I'll get into in a little bit, notabilities for my hand written notes, et cetera, et cetera. Speaking of apps that helped me with my writing and my note taking, let's talk about the sponsor of today's video, Grammarly. Grammarly is a super intelligent digital writing assistant that helps improve your writing's vocabulary, tone and clarity. Personally, as I stated in one of my older videos almost two years ago, 670 in the verbal section, that's because I suck at English. And it's true, my writing skills really are not that good. Grammarly is really easy and simple to use. It can be added as an extension to one of your browsers, or you can use it as a desktop application. My favorite feature about Grammarly is that it's not just a spell checking tool. It actually helps me change my sentence structure and give me suggestions to improve my vocabulary, which overall makes my writing feel more professional. This is something I absolutely wish I knew about back when I was doing my first degree at the University of Toronto. There's a free version which does all of the basic grammar and spell checks, but there's also a premium version, which is the one that I use, which gives in-depth writing feedback and even has a plagiarism checker and is the one that suggests sentence structure and vocabulary changes. For example, here's one of my essays that I submitted in medical school a couple of months ago. If I copy and paste this essay into Grammarly, you'll see that it makes changes to my essay based on my audience and what the goals of my writing style are. It makes changes for punctuation, also for conciseness, and even rephrasing of my sentences. If you want to use Grammarly for yourself and help improve your own writing, you can go to grammarly.com slash karma medic today and sign up using a free account to get 20% off of Grammarly premium. All right, now back to the video. Okay, next let's talk about Notion. Notion is another note-taking app, one of the many, many note-taking apps that you guys see I use. Now, Notion has a wide variety of uses, and there's so many different things that you can do with it. But me personally, the primary use that I have for it is to study for my USMLE exam. So as you can see here, I've got a page open for the USMLE, and then within it, I have one of these blocks, I think they're called for each different system of the human body. So we've got cardio, gastro, him, endocrine, renal, psych, neuro, you name it, I've got it. Now, the reason that I'm using Notion to study for the USMLE exam is because it helps integrate active recall into my study. Now, what I mean by that is for example, on notability, which I have closed because my laptop fans were running very high. In notability, the way that I take notes is by giving myself the information. I don't have to do any work in order to figure out the information. So for example, if I read sentence number six over here, it says obligate aerobics or requires oxygen, and then air bellow. I didn't have to do any work to think about this piece of information. With this type of studying and with this type of review, you don't use active recall in order to actively recall pieces of information. It's just given to you and you read it passively. However, with Notion, what I'm trying to do is integrate active recall into my studying. So for example, let's go into neurology over here. Each one of these little toggles has hidden information within it. So for example, let's talk about aphasias. I know that there's different types of aphasias. So for example, there's Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, global aphasia and conductive aphasia. So if I open this, I would expect, yeah, so I have the four different toggles for each one of those aphasias, and then within each one of those, I have more information. So Broca's aphasia. What is Broca's aphasia? Broca's aphasia is an expressive aphasia. I better get that right. Okay, so it's an expressive aphasia. Great. And now Wernicke's aphasia, for example, I know that that's from damage to the temporal lobe and that causes a receptive aphasia. So receptive aphasia, and I don't have the cause. So caused by damage to the temporal lobe. Let's go to a different one of these, let's say reproduction. So for example, this question here says, what are the hormone levels at menopause? So I know that estrogen and progesterone hormone levels are low, LH and FSH are high. So if I open the toggle, estrogen and progesterone low, LH and FSH high, and GNH high, but whatever. Anyways, I've organized this information into questions, because that almost makes it like I'm answering questions on the exam, which is very useful for reinforcing those neuronal connections and helping me remember things better. Another app that I'm using to help me prepare for the US Family Step 1 exam is Anki. Now Anki is a flashcard app, which takes advantage of spaced repetition in order to help you remember pieces of information. I like using Anki and flashcards for specific purposes. For example, when I'm trying to memorize very memorization heavy topics such as biochemistry or pathology or immunology, that's when I find it useful for me to use flashcards and Anki. However, I don't like to use Anki as one of the fundamental core parts of my studying technique. And that's because I find that it doesn't give you enough context to help understand the information within a wider scope. It simply helps you remember that one specific fact. So the way Anki works if you don't know is that you open one of these decks, let's do Respiratory, and you hit Study Now. And it's basically flashcards, but it has some software, some algorithm that shows you the different flashcards at spaced intervals, which it has determined is the best way to help you remember. All right, the next app that I want to talk about is Revolutionary. I came across it when I asked Ali Abdaal this question on Twitter, and he came back to me with this response in his YouTube video. The biggest microefficiency I do is that when I use a computer, I try and avoid using the mouse. I try and navigate with keyboard shortcuts. And the app that makes that super easy to do on a Mac is called Alfred. And I cannot live without Alfred. It saved me so much time. So anyways, Alfred is something that I'm integrating more and more into my daily use and my daily interaction with my computer. It's basically a much more powerful version of spotlight that you're probably all used to on a Mac. Now you can also use Alfred to open different files and folders, which is so useful because it literally takes a tenth of the amount of time to open it. For example, I export all of my finished YouTube videos into a folder called finished videos, which is located in YouTube, then comrometic, then often, then finished videos. So I can access that folder by clicking through the file explorer to get to it, or I can open up Alfred and just type in finished videos hit enter and it's already open. So you can see that it saves so much time in maneuvering around your laptop in opening different files and folders and then just completing actions that would otherwise take 10 times as long. Now you might be thinking, hey, Nasser, you only saved a couple of seconds worth of your time there, who cares, but imagine saving seconds on each interaction that you have with your computer of which you do like hundreds of times a day, that's going to add up to minutes, that's going to add up to hours and even days over long periods of time. So whenever I can shave off time doing absolutely anything on my computer, I will try and do it. That's the reason that I love fantastical so much because it helps me so easily input new events into my calendar. And that's why I love Alfred so much because it just helps me save so much time. Let's say, for example, I needed to buy new pens. I just click pens, go down hit Amazon, and it's already searched pens on Amazon for me. I mean, how much more amazing can this be? My music listening app of choice is Spotify, and that's simply because it's the best app to do this with. If I'm honest, I almost never have Spotify open on my computer. I don't really listen to music on my computer because that's mostly where I'm doing my work. I use Spotify on my phone and on my iPad a lot more often. Let's talk about Final Cut Pro, which is the editing software that I use. I think it's better than Premiere Pro. And if you disagree with me, you can find me in the comments down below. Anyways, there isn't too much to show here. This is most of the projects that I've done over the last two years. There's a couple also on one of my hard drives over there and also a couple on this hard drive over here that I actually dropped down the stairs and completely broke. All right. And the last three apps I want to talk about are small apps, but they're just so useful and help improve my overall experience with the laptop very, very much. The first one is called Mac fans, I think, or fans control. Yeah, Mac fans control. What this allows you to do is to voluntarily increase or decrease the fan speeds on your laptops. For example, when I'm editing and I'm cutting through 4k footage, my laptop can get quite hot and sometimes I want to increase the fan speed to help cool it down so I can just click on custom, turn up the speed over here and I'll do the same on both sides. And now you can hear that my laptop is a lot louder. Can you guys hear that? So yeah, that's very useful if I just want to help cool my laptop down, especially if it's doing something quite intensive like video editing. The next thing that I want to talk about is magnet. That is this little application over here. And what that allows you to do is to move around and resize and reshape your windows in a very quick and easy way, which is especially useful for my 34 inch monitor that I have over here. I can very easily just click and move my different applications to different sides of the screen and take up different proportions of the screen as I see fit. Okay. And then last but not least is this tiny little app that I don't know where I found or how I got it on my laptop, but it's called OmniDisk Sweeper. And it just basically lets you see where the different storage is being used on your hard drives or on your SSDs or whatever. This is a very useful application for seeing where all of your different files are stored and how much space they're taking up in their respective folders. This is what helps me clear out my hard drive when it starts to get full. And it's also what helps me manage the many, many hard drives that I use to film my YouTube videos. Yeah, super random app, but I find it invaluable and I wanted to share it. All right, guys, and I think that's it. I've talked about pretty much everything that I use on all three desktops of my laptop. I hope you guys enjoyed this video and found it useful in some way, shape, or form. And if you did, please don't forget to leave a like on this video and also subscribe to my channel to see more content from me in the future. And that is it for me, guys. I will see you in the next one. Peace. I think part of my heart broke along with it that day. Very, very sad about that. But yeah, it's dead and it's gone. I lost a bunch of footage on that and I'm still salty about it.