Julia is going to talk about uncertainty and I'm very happy to hand over to Julia. Thank you, Christian Zivers. Great introduction and thank you for the chaos computer club who has allowed us to get involved with you. Something that really pissed me off today was this reporter guy who said, well, aren't you guys interacting with each other? I mean, where's the place I can go to see hackers and artists get together? Where do I go? And that kind of pissed me off. Do you know why that pissed me off? Why do you think that pissed me off? Anyway, so this talk will be short and then I'll open it up for questions. The presentation is a variation on what I had put into PowerPoint. What is uncertainty? What is an uncertainty definition in your computer? What is uncertainty for you? And what are the myriad questions that it brings up for your own work in your own field? And I think the journalist's point was the getting together of the groups was about the certainty that something would come together. Something would erase boundaries and bring us all to a new place. So I'm going to have a hands-on, which is a non-digital component of this talk. And then we'll go back into the virtual world and then with TARS in the movie Interstellar. So I'd like to go from the landscape of what the next presentation will be, which is grounded in reality and in art and back end it to the virtual. So what is hacking? I would like to approach hacking from our artistic perspective. Here is the natural world and I've miked this tree. Now I bring the tree because yesterday we had an amazing and glorious tree presentation. I don't know how many of you saw it, but I was very impressed by the multiplicity and the duplication and the care that went into this particular presentation, so I bring a tree. Now to hack into this tree wouldn't be like yesterday's presentation of the small hacks to make the forceps work better, would it? So let's just say I'm presenting to you a scissors and a tree.  Who has a feeling of certainty about a speaker cutting into a tree? Not a virtual one, a real one. Anybody here have certainty? Don't worry this won't go on too long. Who is uncertain that I as a speaker might cut up a tree? Okay, three, four, okay. Now again, I'm going with the assumptions. Someone had an assumption about we would be getting together and sharing something here. Okay, now if I hack off a branch is that hacking? What is it? Okay, who would like to do it instead of me? I have one wipe up, wipe it here, sterile pad. Who would like to take my place as artist and hack off a piece of the tree? Who would like to do it? For those of you who mostly sit at your computer, this might feel familiar, familiar to cut, to hack, to chew, to misplace, to redirect. Anybody, I have a clean up wipe here. One clean up wipe. It's a real American scissors, but it says Swiss. Okay, fake. It's a fake American scissors. Okay, I've miked my plant to see if there's pain if I cut. Okay, all right. Who wants me to stop? Have I gone too far? Have I hacked too deeply? Oh, okay. I'm going to stop. Yeah, it's a tree. It's my tree. Look what's coming out of the edges. Come look, okay. It's white. Is it, is this blood? What is this? For you bio environmentalists. Okay, I'm going to share my hack with all of you later. If you'd like to cut up this tree and take some home and plant it, you're welcome to do so. All right, no takers. I always also have a sharper blade. A blade. Exacto blade. Would anyone like to take a piece of the tree with a blade? Is the blade different than the scissors? Who's uncertain as a blade different than a scissors? Have I lost you? I lost you as Tutmer Light for English, like this English. Is this machine verschiedenis allis de anderen? De gleishe o de verschiedenis? You're wondering, what is this woman talking about? What? They're different. Why are they? Exactly. Exactly. It depends. Your, and your perspective depends on what is uncertainty, what is not. What are you uncertain about? What is your perspective? What is your zeal? What is you lustig? Earlier today, someone told me that when they took the randomizer out of doom, no one was interested in the game. Because you couldn't, even if you were really bad at it, you could kind of figure out how to get through it. Randomization and cutting on the plant. It's only one aspect of what. What is this? What is cutting a plant? Shaping, sharing, what else? Or is this a little weird that you take an exacto blade to a plant? Okay, why is it weird? Why is it weird? Barum is das nicht normal. What? Yes. What else? What, yes, what else? What? There's no use of it, but it could be fun. And for the hackers, hold that. What else? What else? What else is big? You're missing big, risky. What's the relationship between risk and uncertainty as far as your own jobs go? Now, think about it. I was going to start with a slide of all the jobs available to artists at Sotheby's. All the cool jobs you can get. But these are jobs taken up by the straight people in your school, the people who had it all, who had the clothes, who were in all the right dance parties, and have now taken away the jobs from the nerds, from the outcasts, from the people who thought differently, even on American television shows. The straight people who always were the it people have taken up the positions of comics and stand up comedy and theater, taken up the jobs because that's the way it's going right now. Okay. Could someone tell me about choice?  Is it an obligation? Or are you uncertain? Or did you just want to sit down in the world? Oh, reproduction, female reproduction. Now, the movie Interstellar, all they tell us, really, that all that women are good for is laying eggs. Very horrible, horrible part of this film. I love the film.  I hate the idea. I don't hate. I dislike strongly. What does dislike have to do with uncertainty? Okay. Next slide. Uncertainty never slowed down inspiration. And that's for artists and for hackers. What is uncertainty a target for or with, even if you are uncertain yourself? Explain your vision and challenge doubtfulness. Okay. Next slide. Next slide. Okay. So I have the plant under microphone here. Can everyone hear the plant? Are you able to hear the plant? You are. Oh, good. Okay. Great. Glad you can do that. How cool. Okay. Why would I have put a microphone to the plant? Say you put a bug on someone's phone or say you're just listening in on something. I'm trying to segue from definitions of uncertainty to somewhere you might cut a little or make a hack. I loved the word yesterday when she said a little hack to make the forceps go rectangle. I love that. Did you hear that? A little hack. I just thought that was amazing. Okay. Now, as in the case of doom, random generator from tank was removed. I see nobody here is removing anything from these texts. No one is cutting or editing anything that goes into this conference. I think that's a real plus. That's very exciting. Okay. Impersonation. What role does impersonation play in uncertainty or making someone uncertain about you? Impersonation. This is actually my good friend Celeste Olalchiaga impersonating a plant. This is not really a plant. Now online you can do that. Okay. Any questions so far? Questions. The Schlechtes English. I know. In Fenster in Wald, deep in a forest of cool resignation, we have founded security nation deep in a forest of cool resignation. We have founded security nation. Okay. Decision making. Who likes making decisions when they're uncertain? Or is it a part of our DNA makeup that without uncertainty, it wouldn't be any fun to make decisions anymore? What do you think? Does anyone have an opinion on this? Then I would show you a slide of a young man going in the military. Okay. Another slide of the NSA. Another side of the group heart singing a Led Zeppelin song. Okay. All right. Lines like no uncertain future are very popular in America. Do you have the same thing here in Germany? Obama will say, for example, no uncertain future. You know what that means? No uncertain future. Or in no uncertain terms, will we agree to a treaty with those brutes, those dark people? No uncertain terms. Maybe it's not very American. Okay. What happened to Snowden, for example, was uncertain. Who plays boggle? Who plays boggle? Anybody? One, boggle. Okay. Here's a slide of boggle. Boggle is the game my genius friends in Southern California who worked for McAfee would play so they could outsmart me and show me how fast and amazing they were. And they were. And it was beautiful. And I love being beat in boggle. I love the uncertainty though that I might at some point get one or two points and they would get 126. What's that uncertainty about? Is there pleasure and desire connected to the idea of uncertainty? Think for yourself, it's individual. Everybody's got their own way. Pleasure and desire. They're different things in the world of what is certain. If you're certain you're going to get pregnant next month. If you were certain what gender the baby was 20, 30 years ago it would be really weird. You would have gone to a psychic or something. Today it's normal. As we remove more uncertainty from the world that there will not be saring gas in the air or a bomb in your airplane. What things have we done especially online to enhance uncertainty? You can make it bigger and brighter. Perhaps you have your own cool examples. All right, here's the list of jobs for the artists who I promised I would talk about job security. Here's a list of jobs that you can easily look up for getting jobs after your uncertain future in art school. And it's pages and pages. One of them is from a really interesting book. Risk and Uncertainty in the Art World edited by Anna Dempster. And it talks about authority and the cases of jobs and the cases of you can be just an artist but end up being a program director. There are spectrums of insecurity, chaos theory, natural mechanisms and the slide would be a wireless access point. When you plug into a wireless access point or a new point, what's the biggest thrill? What's the most exciting thing for those of you who do it? The most exciting part. What's exciting? Connecting. Connecting. Yes, an agreement over here. When you connect, what is so certain about connecting? What happens to most people when you make a connection? Getting access and for the hacker here in you. Okay, what? Listening into others. I told someone yesterday that most people here at our school are voyeurs. Is everybody else here a voyeur? Are there more positions for voyeurs? Yes, online. You're making them. Why? Has anybody read Ken Goldberg's Uncanny Valley? Okay. There are, I would show up a slide now that says three ways to calculate uncertainty. And then, because you would be depressed after that, a Carnegie Mellon University School of Computing Science which teaches you how, as a computer engineer, how to cope with uncertainty. Now, this is American from a research that Christian did months ago. He's uncovered the percentage of jobs by the German government, part-time jobs for like-minded people working on computers. And it's a great percentage. I'm sure it's the equivalent in the United States. So there are jobs for coping with the insecurity of, for example, money. How does uncertainty premiere? Well, we had a, a Snowden gave a big premiere when he went up on the news. What are some of the other forms that your work appears as when you break the news or you break a hack? There's the media and what else? Your friends. What else? Do you ever, do you ever do something else with it? Do you have a party? Personal emotion. Reacting victim. Do you have, do hackers have any threat insurance? Do hackers have any threat insurance if someone threatens you? Is there any insurance? There is? Yeah. Light insurance and everything. Anything would happen to anyone, body of WikiLeaks. They threatened to publish the password to the file where there would be, I don't know, harmful things inside. I think there was something like that. But nobody ever opened it, so nobody knows if it really was. Hot. Uncertainty. Yes. And then there's extortion. What's this extortion in German? I don't have time to go. OK. Pression. OK. Blackmailing, too. You're on the same page. Exactly my point. The gross, OK, this is a great field. Could you say the, how in this context would you solve uncertainty? Solve. How in that context would you solve uncertainty? Would you avoid going for the avoidance? You mean in the context of looking up the word? Yes. I don't know. Asking Google? Yes. And right now we will Google that. OK. So, OK. Another point, and I'm just going to open it up for questions after a few more points. How about your reaction to stress on your job? Who's uncertain about how they should react to certain things? How, basically, how do you handle stress when you do something, when you are uncertain as to the reaction? Stress. No stress reactions. Do people here get stressed out at their job sometimes? Who never gets stressed out? Wow. Oh, OK. So, wow. OK. Who thought it was stressful to watch the rolling zebra yesterday? I was very stressed out by that. OK. Fluid simulation demos. I found it very stressful. And then I went to the creator later and talked to him. So, I'd like to just move to SARS on the Internet and just look at SARS, the robot, or Princess Leia. Which do you prefer? Who's uncertain? Who's uncertain about what's a better picture? Princess Leia or who wants Princess Leia? OK. One, two, three. OK. Let's find, let's see if I can find Princess Leia.  And you can decide for yourselves who would like this plant. OK. She's very serious. How do you spell her name? That is. OK. OK. OK. I guess I just could have gone to the web the whole time. OK. So, how did she, how did Princess Leia deal with, now that we've talked a little bit about some aspects of stress and uncertainty, how do you think Princess Leia reacted to uncertainty in her life? In her fake TV movie blockbuster life? No one cares. OK. Do you care more about a male actor? Let's go to Han Solo. OK. Do you have more to say about how he handled the same thing? He shoots. He shoots. He doesn't cut. He shoots. He shoots. Han Solo and uncertainty, how does Hans deal with uncertainty? Yes. He tries to escape. I guess he may follow his nose and try to do, not to think about things too much, but try them out maybe. Who is in agreement? I'm sorry, this is so participatory. For those of you who think this is terrible, put your arm up and I'll stop and I'll read my text. Yeah. He simply takes an action. He takes an opportunity, I believe. He takes action and opportunity to undo evil or to get someone into for profit or into his rocket ship or, OK, he takes action. Everybody here in this room takes action. No? Or yes. How come nobody said Princess Leia takes action? What does she do? What did she do in this film? What did the character Princess Leia do in this particular film? Yes. That's what escaped, like a princess in the castle. Yes. OK. But was she wearing that slave outfit? Or where's that slave outfit? OK. Oh, dear. This one. What did she do when she was wearing this outfit? Yes. OK. So she took some action. You kind of forget that. What does this have to do with computing, you ask? It has a lot to do with computing. OK. All right. They're dealing with uncertainty in a mobile application.  It's mobile now. It's mobile. I just saw a case room this morning for the first time. It's mobile. You're not fixed. So it's a filmic version of a lot of things, turmoil and evil and bad things. But it's mobilized. You've reconfigured other things to be mobilized. OK. I think I should stop for questions. So Evan, I'm open to your retorts and remarks that honor dict everything that I've said. Because it's yes, no, right? In digital or binary, everything here is in binary form. Yes or no? Open or close? Yes. What was the connection to Interstellar? Oh, yes. OK. Let me bring up this wonderful picture. One of my favorite robots. I love robots. And robot in the garden is something Ken Goldberg would really like to hear about. I'm sure as they're watching in Berkeley. I'm so sorry. I didn't get the picture. OK. So Tarth the robot does not claim to take on any human form. In this particular robot, the configuration is rather anti-hell. The configuration need not take on the pejoratives, the limitations, or the bio constructs of humanoidism. So for that reason, I very much like this robot character in this film. Another thing the robot, this is the robot. Another thing this robot does, it does things that a human shape robot couldn't do. We're rescuing this lady whose name, Brand, who's going to be laying all these baby eggs. Anyway, see, there's a giant wave. Who has not seen this film? Oh, I'm sorry. Oops. I apologize. I should not be. Don't just pretend you didn't see that. OK. Let's look at something. OK. We'll go. We'll go back to this. Pretend you did not see that. Now, can you unsee anything? Yes. All right. So here we go with the uncertainty principle and disambiguation and a couple of other main features of contemporary artwork that you're probably already familiar with. My point here was to look at the positioning of uncertainty as a locus from which we could gather together, share stories, and look at some of our own reaction formations to conditions of uncertainty as we approach them in our own work. So I just continue to hope that you have more discussions on this. I don't really want to burden you with anymore if there are any questions so far. No. OK. I'll make a last closing point then. I'm uncertain about some of the things in the universe, but some things which I am certain about, I keep very private. And I can't say why. And I just would be curious about you. Another discussion of privacy versus exposure and publicness, but I think it's a great discussion to have later. So thank you very much. Any questions? Anything? OK. All right. It's yours. I think I need the pot back though. Julia, I have a question. Is it a problem we didn't see the slides? Well, I guess that depends how certain you are about my selection of slides. I'm certain it follows a logic from A to B, from B to C, but I don't really think that way. So perhaps it doesn't matter at all. I'm pretty certain about that. I think I saw some of the things in the scheme of things that matter to not, because we have a very short time on Earth, very short. And I'm pretty certain about that. Does anyone care that they didn't see any slides? I think I saw them. OK. All right. OK. Thanks for all the events of CCC and everybody in Berkeley. Hello. And I'll see you all at the next. Take care.


francophonie et de montrer que le français est aussi long de parler. We will, of course, it was the fourth edition of your club. This is your club. We started back in 2016 in Paris, this initiative with Ambassador Hussain, and with the support of Philippe Valle from La Poste. Then we went in Moscow. It was in 2017, Istanbul last year, and this year here in Amsterdam. We are happy, and I was happy to witness when our friend, the CEO of Fiji, talked to his colleague, directly to his colleague of Egypt. This was our goal at the beginning because when we took office with Ambassador Hussain it was clear that the CEOs were not talking together. And the primary role of the Universal Postal Union is to manage networks. We have intergovernmental agency to run, of course, but you CEOs are the one doing the economy. So it was clear for us that something was missing, so the club was created. That was the target at the beginning that this initiative after a couple of years will be stable. And we saw last week how important it is to have networks. We, Director-General Ambassador Hussain, recall this morning what happened in Geneva. Without the network, you cannot realize this. And it was, of course, a long, long story for us to come from the announcement of the US withdrawing the UPU the last 17 of October last year up to this memorable moment where we put together all the economies, especially the US and the Chinese economy. In the press conference, Peter Navarro talked about the role of the UPU in trading. And this is something we have also to share with you because you are the one doing the business. So we have the pleasure to set up this next week, next Monday. This aging UPU will celebrate 145 years next Monday in Bern. But in fact we have started the new UPU for the young. As I told you last week, we have done this and now it is clear and it was recalled by the CEO of UNPOST. The need for reform is more than ever a top priority of the UPU. Today you have demonstrated the role of your company in adding value to our economies, to our societies and for the cities and of this planet. Of course, we need to adapt ourselves to business demographic or climatic changes. We will do so. We will survive. The postal sector will survive. The UPU will survive. Nevertheless, we need to move in a strategic way in order to anticipate trends. Our exchange on the blockchain phenomenon was interesting and of course opens spaces for new models. Next week we will unveil the results of the two IPD called Integrated Index for Postal Development. One key tool for our reflection because intending to help you understand better the positioning of your company in the global picture. Mentioning the two IPD brings us to the new draft Abidjan Postal Strategy. I am talking under the control of the new and the future chairman of the congress, my friend Isaac. With the three main goals objective for the UPU for the next cycle to be a forum and we are here as a forum to set up product and services and to play a role in the knowledge management. We are on the right track. When UPU together and UPU as one and with your leadership and your ambition we need to continue, as I told you, the reform. Our director general, Ambassador Rissell, anticipated this morning and again it was underlined some minutes ago. The sad part of the story for me was Ambassador Rissell giving me this morning my new task, an integrated UPU open organization. I was given seven rules to open this organization to make sure that we have a stable business financing model. The quorum is still one problem. The provident scheme, we need to find a solution for it. He gave me also other type of objective to make sure that at the end of the day also our poor members. So the one with long term depth to the UPU will have a solution. So the idea is bringing everybody on board without depth. This could be a challenge for all of us. I don't want to list all of them but mainly, again, the opening of the UPU, the financing model of the UPU, the provident scheme, the depth, the long term depth are the ones we need to find a way. And of course to deliver better in this new economy. We will try to deliver this before the end of the mandate which means we need to run and to rush because the next congress will start tens of August in Abidjan. We need of course your strong leadership and your strong support. The lesson learned of last week was if you have to set up reform you need to avoid experts. You need to go with people who have the decision making power to do so. At the end of the day the question was resolved by the United States from the Trump team and not anybody else. So we need to have this in mind.  You understand that at a certain point in time we need your leadership to drive also our priorities. So it is necessary now for us to go back to do our homework to present this into weeks time. More important maybe in February during the last session before congress and then to come to congress with solid reform agenda so that we can before the end of the cycle and before giving back this plane to a new crew deliver a clean sheet. Let's me conclude by recognizing all the people who helped us in this particular day. I want first to recall the CEOs who were with us Ivan Kulo from creation post. Ismail Kosei from the Turkish post the CEO of technology subsidiary and Mr. Al-Saghia from Egypt who was eloquent in the first blockchain topic. The second session was with the following speaker Asta Sugerin from Lithuania Post sorry for spelling the name Lidivine Pele from South Africa Alexander Pestovsky from Ukraine Post and last but not least Debussy Abui the CEO of Nigerian Post and the last panel Cornelius from the Botswana Post Gerardo from Peru Mr. David Remont and Post and Banan my friend from Djibouti I want also to recognize the facilitator and explaining the topic Moses Ma and Christian Yac last but not least I need to recognize Paul Niedman who opened this forum in the conversation with my CEO the Ambassador is saying and of course my friend Derek Osborne a long story between us you are a part of Royal Mail doing human resources I want to recognize my team David and the team Giselle and Olina which have done a very good job to set up the conditions of this meeting and please if you are missing one thing is my responsibility the idea for me and the director general again is to finish with the reform agenda so in the next years the UPU will be on the safe side of the story but before that we need to drive the last part of this reform and director general you can count of my full support for that the crew is completed fasten your seat belt we will land in Abidjan safely Thank you


Good morning everyone same procedures every year short update for the analytic apps since last four year four years already or so in my slide set My name is Marcel since this year. I'm working for next cloud itself as a sales engineer Before I was working for several years in the community with first starting with the audio player and now Since some years starting with the analytics app before Going to the to the app itself. I would like to one one step back Why? develop an app for on the next cloud platform at all Next cloud itself has quite some advantages for app developers If you have an idea of a new app you start your own personal hello world on your on your PC After all you realize I want to do more I want to scale I want to scale up And then you start thinking about all the basics and this is where next cloud comes in everyone thinks of next cloud as a File based solution where we have some additional apps but I think it can be seen also as a platform which then makes integration and scaling of apps and Easier to develop new apps as an example next load Of course has a core with all the API's next load is well established and tested So you don't need to develop everything from scratch start from you Very important would help me a lot during the first years is the community. It's very big You have a very big ecosystem already with an app store Where you can publish your app which also gives you a big user audience compared to Developing an app from scratch and trying to advertise it on your own Also next cloud itself is supporting the community with developer resources So you have a good quick start let's say like this And when you're going to promote your app sooner later will come about security Databases storage all of this is available in next load if you regard the next load as a platform And I think this is what makes it valuable to develop an app on this platform This is what I did with analytics High-level view what does analytics offer before I go into some actual use cases of course Every analytics is about two big topics is about data and it was about visualization for data Analytics is dependent on on the one end on real-time reporting real-time data sources or also on internal stored data within the internal data warehouse It's build up completely flexible so you can attach multiple data sources on it Or it can even can develop your own data sources for your own apps or for an own External data some examples are Next-load internal data like files or next-load tables. We have an API. You can grab JSON data Whatever you want from a from an existing web source There's an EPI to push data in or as mentioned you can develop your own data sources Visualization I would say nothing special charts tables dashboards Whatever you would expect from a from an analytics app But how can the app actually help you I For actual use cases where the app is coming currently being used Let's start with the first one Blue Dragon Children Foundation, Germany. It's a foundation Yeah for helping kids in Vietnam It's based on Salesforce in this example. It's using the Salesforce sales cloud to track opportunities donations and also the internal costs and Here we are using That's for analytics to connect with the data source to the sales for the API to extract nation data And and cost data to create reports for the owners and and not for the owners for donors and for the contributors Why are we doing this? Salesforce is not that cheap By this one you can create reports for your contributors with Yeah without having additional licenses Something similar next low internal. We have an Udo CRM system We also connect analytics to the Udo where an API extract leads and sales data to create sales reports Another example was also there last year ready. No versus is a engine manufacturer in Germany as a small company SAP solution To extract logistics data out of SAP. This is automatically being pushed into next cloud. It's CSV files. Basically Analytics is pushing and taking up these files visually they're visualizing them in tables and then novice is using the sharing API to share this data like packaging list with the storage locations and also Fred like providing a freight cockpit for customers and the forwarders also here Using next cloud and analytics to forward data without the need of having SAP user account As mentioned yesterday already with the tables app Next load analytics also as an integration there We can and integrate to tables to views use this one to visualize the data in charge and desk boards or or to use a user Historization for reports like daily snapshots of data from the tables app to create a trend over the last weeks month or years This was just a quick overview I'm always interested in more use cases to be presented the next years if you have any suggestions other use cases feedback Happy to talk to you. Thank you very much


Well, Brainerd's own Joe Hague continues to make his hometown proud as the former warrior's standout has been named the Indianapolis Colts' representative for the Salute to Service Award. The award is given to a player who demonstrates commitment to honoring and supporting the military community. He has returned to Brainerd for the wounded warrior amputee softball game in Brainerd every year and has supported the charity for the past three years for his My Cause My Cleats organization, and that award will be given out right before the Super Bowl at the awards show. Well, it looks like hopefully he wins that one. Yeah, definitely. A nice honor for him. Good to see him doing work in the community. Absolutely. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Peace and blessings of God be upon all of you. Thank you for having us here and hosting this far. It's an honor to be here. I'm actually not going to take too much of your time. I've noticed that usually when there's a Muslim speaker people have a lot of questions. Maybe I'll actually open it up for some Q&A in a minute or so. You can ask me whatever you want about Islam. It doesn't have to be about fasting. But fasting is one of the pillars of Islam. So there's the same as hadith. Hadith is a saying of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. And there's different grades of these hadith. Some are strong, some are weak, some are fabricated. This particular hadith tends to be strong. He said, Islam is built on five. By five he meant the pillars. So the first pillar is called the Shahada in Arabic. It means witnessing. So witnessing that there's only one God.  And Allah is not a foreign God. According to the Qur'an, Allah is the God of Abraham. Allah is the God of Moses. Allah is the God of Jesus. And these prophets are mentioned in the text of the Qur'an itself. So Allah is not some Arab God or the God of the Middle Easterners or something like that. He's the God of Abraham. So Shahada is to witness that he is the only one God. When I say he is the only one God, that's again not to say that God is masculine or male. But every word in Arabic is assigned a gender, right, the linguist. So sometimes it's obvious, sometimes it's not, sometimes it's a natural gender. Sometimes the linguist will assign what's known as a lexical gender to the word. So for example the word for son, S-U-N in Arabic, it's shams. But the linguist way back in the day decided that the son is feminine and the moon is masculine. Nobody really knows why that is. Maybe there's someone here that's studying the history or the mythology of Arabic words. But the word Allah in Arabic is masculine lexically. So we refer to him as him. That there's no God but him and that the Prophet Muhammad is real on him. The Muslims believed to be the last in a long line of prophets starting from Adam, including names like, like we said Abraham, even Noah, even David and Solomon are seen as prophets. Elijah. And there's a minority opinion that there are several female prophets including the wife of Pharaoh named Asya whose story is not told as far as I know in Jewish sources as well as Sarah and Hagar and Mary, the mother of Jesus who's mentioned in the Quran as well. So the shahada is similar to maybe the shama in its abortions. This is sort of the essence of Islamic confession. And then the second pillar is known as salam, which believe it or not has an etymology, a common etymology with tafidla, Hebrew, which means prayer. So Muslims, well they should at least pray five times a day at different times, right? And these prayers take a few minutes when somebody converts to Islam. It's kind of burdensome. I have to pray again, I just prayed three hours ago. But then as you age and get wiser, these things become much easier. So they take a few minutes, every few hours. And then there's something called zakah, which is also known as sadaqah or swadakah in Hebrew, it's related to sadid, which has a root meaning of to purify something. So zakah or sadaqah is a poor Jew. Most things, if there's excess wealth, this is only for people that can't afford that. Two and a half percent of their excess wealth will go to the less fortunate or the poor. And then we have the fourth pillar, which is called hajj, or hajj in Hebrew. Or if you're living in Egypt, it's also called hajj, because the jim and the letter jim in Arabic, Egyptian dialect is pronounced like an email. So they'll say like Michael Gordon, instead of Michael Jordan. So again, this is for Muslims that can afford to do so, they'll make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Once a year is the obligation, if you can afford to do so. And then there's something called the prumarach, which is the lesser pilgrimage. And then finally, the fifth pillar is called som, which is exactly the same word in Hebrew, som and fasting, also known as siyan in the Quran. The Quran says, The Quran says to the Muslims at large that fasting is prescribed upon you, just as it was prescribed upon those before you. And the exigents here clarify and say, before you means Ahmet Kitab, the people of the Bible, the people of the book, Jews and Christians. And then la'allakum tattaqun, so that the purpose of fasting is given. So there's an axiom amongst the scholars of Islam that the merit of something is known by its objective. So the objective of fasting, according to the Quran, is la'allakum tattaqun, in order for you to be people of God consciousness. The word in Arabic is taqwa, which is very, very difficult to translate. Sometimes it's translated as fear of God, in order for you to fear God, which is the beginning of all wisdom, according to the Quran. Sometimes it's translated as in order for you to re-hell evil, to guard against evil. In pre-Islamic times, the word taqwa actually meant a shield, something to block the blow of a sword. So probably the best translation is to be conscious of God. So when Muslims are fasting, when anyone's fasting, in theory, there should be a sort of focus on the inward, right? You're not eating, you're not drinking, there's no marital relations in the daytime, according to Muslims fast, in order to, if you want to focus on God completely. And how does one focus on God? I remember in God, and by guarding one's limbs, or is this something that a Muslim is supposed to be doing all throughout the year, by the way? So Ramadan is really more like a training program to set the stage for the rest of the year. That is one of the ways through the course of the year. It shouldn't, but it tends to. And then Ramadan, again, you enter into this training program. We're not, we're not looking at things that are forbidden. So it's not just a fast of the stomach, right? There's a hadith of the prophet where he said, there are several people, it's a rhetorical question, how many fasters are there and get nothing from their fast, except hunger and thirst, meaning that they're missing the point of the fast. The point of the fast is to really master the self, to master the self. There's a hadith of the prophet, and there is a weakness of this hadith, but generally the scholars of Islam will quote it, because they would say, they would argue that the meaning of the hadith is true, even though it's a chain of transmission, may have some weakness. Anyway, it's reported that the prophet said, man arafah nafsah, arafah rafa. The translation is, whoever knows himself knows his Lord. So the word in Arabic here, arafah, or ma'rifah, really means to recognize, recognize himself, whoever recognizes himself will recognize his Lord. So one of the meanings here, according to the scholars of this hadith, is that if you recognize your origin as God's creation, as God's beloved creation, you will come to know that God is the beloved. Another shade of meaning of this tradition is that if you master yourself, then you'll come to know God. If you can guard your eyes, guard your ears, if you can guard your tongue from lying and from speaking ill of people behind their backs, from cursing, from even raising your voice. So we have descriptions of the prophet Muhammad, as far as his disposition goes. And all of the hadiths say that the prophet did not even raise his voice, that he was an easygoing personality, that he said, the best of you are those who are best to their family members. He said that he is not from us who doesn't honor the elderly and have mercy on our young. He said, none of you will enter paradise until you truly believe, and none of you will truly believe until you love one another. And then he said, shall I tell you of something that will increase your love? And they said, yes. And he said, afshus salamu alaykum, spread peace amongst yourself. So this is the main sort of focus or point of the fast, is to really transcend the physical and also to empathize, right, with those who are less fortunate, right, to experience something of what they're experiencing for the sake of increasing our concern for them. Because the more empathy one has, the more compassionate one has. And the more compassionate one has, the more God-like, as it were, or more angelic they are. Jesus is actually quoted in the Qur'an as saying, which is obviously in Arabic. But he said, be lordly, be like God, be perfect as your father in heaven is perfect in the language of Matthew. What does it mean to be like God? It means to appropriate, if you will, to find qualities at a human level. None of us can be God, despite what some world leaders think. Or perceive themselves. We're not going to name draw. But to be divine, the lower case D, is to assimilate qualities of God, such as mercy and compassion, right. And this is accomplished through these pillars of Islam, through prayer, through charity, through pilgrimage, and especially through fasting. The prophet said in the hadith, quoting God, he said, all of the actions of the sons and daughters of Adam are for him, except fasting. For indeed, that is mine. And the exegents, they say, what this means is, no one knows that you're fasting. When you pray, people can see you pray. When you go to pilgrimage, people can see you in your garb and you're making your circummanulations and so on and so forth. When you're giving charity, people can see that. When you're fasting, no one knows except God. So the prophet said, God says, fasting is for me, and I will reward them for that. Up to add infinity. So fasting has a very honored place amongst the practices of the Muslim. That's all I wanted to say. If there's time for a few questions, I can't. I'll just go to the camera. What do you think? Sure. That's all. Thank you.


I have always been passionate about peace. I have always loved the blue, green, brown of sky and earth. I have always motivated to make a difference. I have always loved to empower women. I come from women who are the heart of the families.  I come from women who have been internally displaced. I come from women who have been internally displaced. I come from women who are strong like a rock. Silent workers. Who are visionaries. Who do not have the right to speak for themselves. My heart is aching. My heart breaks and rebuilds. My heart is full of joy. But my hands are open. My hands initiate change. My hands are hardworking. My hands are open to give more. Mis manos son magia. I am able to face the future. Yo puedo ser como el rio que abre caminos. I am able. I'm able. I am able. And I'm able to create happiness in sorrow. To go to the moon if that is what I choose to do. I am able to crumble soil and polish diamonds. I am able to challenge the world. Je suis capable de construire la paix. I am able to change my story and that of many other young South Sudanese women.


Hello, I'm Equipment Operator, third class back in East Spinney with Naval Mobile Construction with Italian 74 in support of Pacific Carnation 2012. Today we're in Oak Grove Health Clinic in Cambodia, currently building a two-room maternity ward as well as rehab on the existing health clinic. This improves life so much for the Cambodians with this new two-room building due to the fact that previously pregnant women who came from islands, who came from the mountains would come to this main health clinic and in route they would have the baby but due to the fact that we have this building they're able to come sooner, stay in the room and deliver their children.


YouTube team keep it clean. What's going on? It's engraving here with another video and then this video is halftime. We are up 10 9 up on the box Now if y'all remember the video that I did where I was going over this game and how I thought I was gonna go I said I feel like it's gonna be a close game Through halftime and then in third quarter I feel like both teams are gonna trade a field goal and then after that that's when the Ravens can take off That's when they should be able to take off Because that's the time where they can make the halftime adjustments and and for the most part And when you look at the overall scheme of things The the Ravens defense has been playing good in the overall scheme of things. I know they they gave up a third Whoo these Ravens boy.  They said you know what? Y'all thought last week was something we got you third and 20, but anyway Shout out to somebody. Oh, I forgot the question from subscriber was somebody was talking about Eric Wettel when they said that he's not a good safety and when he jumps for the ball his feet Don't even leave the ground did y'all see that on the the ball that he almost It was a pass to Mike Evans with Jimmy Smith and Wettel was on him in coverage and Wettel jumped But it did look like his feet ain't even leave the ground man. That was super. That was super funny But anyway So What a first half man could have been a lot better, but it could have been a lot worse So real quick defense defense has been playing for the most part good in the situation that they've been put in They played good They did give up the touchdown, but that was cousin Lamar fumble It's funny that they're offense when it when it doesn't come to turnovers Well, we only had one turnover, but without the turnover their offense didn't score any touchdowns They did get the field goal, but they didn't get any touchdowns. Thank goodness. They kick a the hole the snap That was a just fluke almost all Cyrus Jones was gonna return it but um, yeah that their offense besides that Y'all get what I'm saying. They've they've they've only got their touchdown off of a turnover. There we go So the defense were backed up on their own goal line Even and no, you know what their first touchdown was actually a very bad call on Marlon Humphrey That was not a hold and y'all know me.  I'm like what when when they first called holding I was like, oh man What's what's going on? So then they show the replay. I said what y'all really like what y'all must be trying to cover a spread or something anyway So besides the bad call on their officiated on it on the officiating on officials the buck should have three I mean they should have six points They should have six because they didn't deserve that touchdown and then we held them to a field goal Tavon young would he have gotten that pick if peanut wouldn't have swatted it I don't know, but I'm glad peanut swatted it so he didn't leave it to chance. Now. Let's flip it Let's flip it to the offense Lamar Jackson. How has his first half game been it's been whoop. Yeah It's been just like that. It's been all over the place. So I know did y'all see when Mark Andrews the job The John see when Mark Andrews It was on the Lamar on one of them all passes to Mark Andrews he It was on the deep pass because at first. I'm like man mark Andrews slipped I'm like, come on mark Andrews. You can't slip for those man But then they showed the replay and I'm like, ooh Lamar through it short. Okay, that's on Lamar But right after that pass you saw when Mark Andrews went to the sideline when it snitched and snitched to flacco Y'all saw that he was over there snitching to flacco telling him like oh man Man this guy he not giving me a shot and come on man He gotta he gotta put the ball on the money man. He gotta put the ball on the money He went he went and snitched to flacco man. Yeah, I know some of y'all saw that what they and they showed the camera on them That's how I saw it, but um, yeah, that was a bad pass by Lamar Lamar and to John Brown. There was another pass to John Brown where it was it was a bad pass as well and It was another one too. There was another one to mark Andrews that he completed, but he threw it short Oh, it was in the two-minute drill Yeah, there was another one of Willie Snead the one there was something Willie Snead that was nice, man But Lamar he threw some bad passes in that first half. He threw some good ones through some bad ones So it was up and down man. It was up and down Lamar should have a pic too. Oh, yeah. Yeah. Yeah That one too. Yeah, he threw it right to all of Vante David. I think they just made he dropped it. He dropped it. He dropped it This has not been the best half of Lamar Jackson at all It hasn't been the work Oh that fumble the fumble was bad too because the fumble was all on him wasn't on Gus Edwards wasn't on the long snapper It was all on Lamar Jackson all on him And one thing that I noticed when Lamar especially with the fumble He got heated. Oh He got he he got heated He got heated He got I looked at his face on the sideline. He was mad. He was mad and he should have been because that was bad But yeah, that Lamar hasn't he definitely hasn't had the dough dough dough best half He's scaring you. Why are they scaring you? I'm not scared of him because he um, yeah, he'll be fine He'll be fine But yeah, don't those passes they would they were just off.  I noticed in the beginning they try to switch it up a lot more They um, they try to they have some a lot more passes than usual at the beginning of the first half They were they were throwing it a lot more and whatnot And they were while it was a balanced game What's been working for us hasn't really been Balanced it's been run run to like 75 80% run maybe 20% pass Maybe not to that extreme, but y'all get what I'm saying that there's been super run heavy But in the beginning of this game, it was like they were trying to do it like maybe 60 40 maybe 50 50 something like that and It just it wasn't really working working. It was like, well, this is okay But we're not really doing like we should be doing and we have been doing so then they went back to run running a lot more Heavier and it had been working. So I was happy about that Run screens of John Brown. Oh, yeah, you did mention that you mentioned that I remember you sent me that deem about that And yeah, they they did run one one screen that they called. I love the play call because um, I Think it was sick. Yeah, it was it was the Kena Dixon He ain't get that many yards, but I loved that play call because I think Lamar I think he faked it to Willie Snead Well, Willie Snead came in motion I think he faked it to him and and then he like rolled out or something like that and then he threw the screen Uh, Kena Dixon, I forgot which one, but um, I had loved that play call We need to see like more stuff like that, but um Jase Jace always said it's raining. He can barely throw it when it's good weather Yeah, the rain hasn't been helping anything. Have we had any drops? Oh I know that they have they've had a few drops. So we've been the beneficiaries of that But yeah, have we had any drops yet? Tampa must be too proud to wear gloves Nobody put them on even after the drops good for us. Yeah, have had the Ravens drop any because I can't remember Oh, yeah, I heard Dan Waller. He over there doing some good stuff for the Raiders. Yeah I don't I don't think we've uh, I don't think we've dropped the ball But yeah So what they're Dan Waller is on the Raiders and he's on the active roster now, which is good for him Go for his career. We had two drops. Who who dropped the ball? I don't remember anybody dropping. I really don't Let's do say Perryman dropped the ball. Get out of here, man. Um, What's up, Gerald? Oh, but anyway, uh So, yeah, Lamar got he got to put them balls on the money, man Because yeah, the wonder mark Andrews, there was one to John to the John Brown. There was one to John Brown that um, oh What was oh, what was it? It was one that he missed and it was an incomplete Oh, I forgot what the play was but then there was another one of John Brown where John Brown did catch it He did catch it but um Lamar threw it high He threw a little bit high and if you would have put it if you put a little bit lower Then it would have um, it would have been a better pass Maybe John Brown could have got a little more yards not much, but it would have been a better pass But either way he caught the ball. Um, did I see what'll get This I did see what'll get trucked man. I definitely saw that. Oh somebody said that we put in flakko No, you don't put in flakko. Um In the the two-minute drill because a lot of people and I know this is just one game It's just one drill and whatnot, but a lot of people question Oh, if there's a two-minute drill, should we put flakko in if we need a long pass?  I'm tears tears no exaggeration at all, man tears With uh with Lamar Jackson He just Yeah, we talked about it last week in the weeks before to the thing with him He just got to get consistent as a passer. He needs to get the consistency up and to the point where he's um He's leading receivers more. We saw for the Mark Andrews way through his short When Mark Andrews slipped when I at first watching it live. I'm like, oh man, that's Mark Andrews He slipped come on now, but then when they show the replay, it's like oh Lamar threw it short No, that that ain't good That's all on the mark and then with the Willie Snead pass The one right before halftime with Willie Snead. Well, how long was like 25 30 yards? I forgot how long it was that pass was good because it was like right in between right in the middle of that zone and There was what shout out to Willie Snead real quick, man Shout out when somebody asked me on the stream earlier that we did who's your favorite Ravens receiver right now And I said Willie Snead and stuff like that is white. Oh, it's 28 yards. Okay. Appreciate that mark um Say put in Josie y'all can lose Marty's done flip reverses on work. Oh, yeah, they have been doing those a little more Haven't been a big fan of them, but I can see why they tried to implement them. So let's Let's run straight up get Kenneth Dixon some more plays get um Of course Gus Edwards keep on running that ball But you you see they are trying to take the deep shots, which I do love I do love that They got to put Flacco in why you say that Christian Lamar Jackson's having his best-known game of his brief career so far stat wise maybe but um When you look in at the game, you're like, uh, we'll see we'll see. Hey appreciate your cubes. Oh, you're Bahamas Shout out to you. Shout out to Nassau man. Shout out to all the pigs skimming in the water to appreciate you What if Lamar is playing really bad put Flacco in right? No No, um Colts of Winnington older pressures. Yeah, they Ravens got to step up man. They got to step up Jimmy Smith trash Jimmy Jimmy Smith been getting beat today, man. He lucky that Mike Evans a drop one of them, but Jimmy Smith been getting beat yes, Marlon Humphrey is that dude man Marlon Humphrey came there was one tackle It was straight up tackle I know it was kind of like not necessarily a blindside tackle But the the offensive player couldn't really do anything to Marlon Humphrey But Marlon Humphrey came up boom. I loved it man. So okay, man. I see you baby. I see you man Said Flacco looks sad Who wouldn't can you blame him if he does look sad? Can you blame him? Who would say that they are if they got their job taken and they still had to stay with the same company for a Certain amount of time and you had to watch somebody just take your job I mean, yeah, we do need turnovers and we've been so close again back to the um What what we've been talking about all season long the Ravens are so close to making plays But when they just slips away like that, they'd be so close man. He said Flacco look the same as always I guess he took that face and they they flipped it up and took so many different emotions from it, but um With with the Ravens have been so close to making plays like for example the third and 20 They were so close to getting uh getting Jamie Swinston. They were right there, but then what happened he escaped boom What 64 yard catch? Oh Man, they've been right there. Then they've been having some tip drill passes that been bouncing off of the Bucks hands and stuff and Even bouncing off of their hands Marlon Humphrey with a good hit on it tight in early in the game that caused the fourth down But yeah, man, I think they'll be fine. They'll be fine again Like I said, I feel like in the game this this what I thought was gonna happen And hopefully it does happen like this I feel like it was gonna be close up until halftime and then after halftime both teams are gonna trade field goals And then Ravens to take off. We'll see what happens Appreciate y'all. Thank y'all car really got all I didn't see the I heard the commentator say it But I didn't I didn't see it cuz they didn't show it on the replay because they were saying oh car Car got there early on the play. I hadn't seen it though So, um, I can't even watch the game anyone. Oh, come on Edward is go to reddit comm slash r slash NFL streams You slipping man. Come on, man. Oh jumped over. Yeah. Yeah, do we do need 6d lava? All right, so y'all telling me the game is back on So let's go watch it. It's been a long time. All right. I'm out


What's going on everyone? I got a brand new movie review for you guys today and today we're discussing Mary Poppins Returns. Mary Poppins Returns takes place in a depressed era London and now with grown Jane and Michael Banks along with Michael's three children are visited by the elegant Mary Poppins following a personal loss through her unique magical skills with the aid of her friend Jack. She helps the family rediscover the joy and wonder missing from their lives. This was a movie that I'm not a you know what I like Mary Poppins but I never grew up with it but I was still looking forward to the music, the colorful effects, everything from that original Mary Poppins. The magic and feeling that I got from that watching a child reminded me of when I first stepped into Disneyland for the first time and Mary Poppins Returns brings a lot of that magic back. It really as I was watching it I could not imagine a kid this being their first experience to Mary Poppins because they're going to feel not just joy and wonder but just that magical feeling that you do get. This film filled me with a lot of those feelings of magic and it really related me and brought me back to my early memories of going to Disneyland for the first time and brought me to those magical feels and absolutely love what Mary Poppins Returns does. I'll actually go as far as say I love this film. I found this film to be wonderful and magical and delightful in all sorts of the ways and it's more than just a I'm Mary Poppins y'all! So much that I sacked into this movie and one of the big things I think a lot of people are wondering is how is Emily Blunt as Mary Poppins? I think she'll be nominated for an Oscar. I think she's that elegant and beautiful and just perfection all around as Mary Poppins. I remember earlier this year when I saw a quiet place her performance in there she had a very subtle moment with her child and teaching him and in that small instance just through the look in her eyes and the way that she emoted herself I said that is going to be our next Mary Poppins and I can totally see why. She was so splendid in here and I loved every single moment she was in here. The second she comes on screen to the second that she leaves the screen every single scene that she is in is filled with joy and magic and that is when the film is firing on all cylinders. Really goes far to say how much her performance really elevated this film is because when she's not in the film the film still enjoyable and you're still having a nice time but you don't get that magic and wonder. I wonder if that's what Rob Marshall was going for because every time she's in the film it just lights up and brightens the screen. I mean maybe that's what they were really doing but every time she's not it kind of goes back down until they start to relive and get to their joyful selves again. That's really what they were going for. I absolutely acclaim Rob Marshall for what he did. I think he did a brilliant job directing this film. I think the script in here is very smart. Almost all the songs in here are great. Besides one really most notable song that doesn't really stick within my head all these songs are going to be stuck in your head.  You've seen some of the stuff in the trailers where they are swimming underwater and throughout that song it's beautifully animated and I think a lot of people might have problems with the CGI but I actually like what they did with the CGI making a little bit cartoony in that ocean and making it not as realistic but just very unique to itself.  Easily my favorite segment of the whole entire film is the 2D hand-drawn animation. I'm a big buff when it comes to animation. I've been acclaiming and wondering Disney to do more 2D stuff and I'm wondering because what you've seen in the trailer there's a whole segment to this that I have to be thinking that Disney is looking to see if people want more of this. And I think after this film I'm calling it we will get another 2D animated film because it is amazing what they did within this film and the way that Mary Poppins moves around in there. That's the song, the set piece, the dance numbers, everything within that scene is my favorite segment of the whole entire movie and I think a lot of people are really going to love that segment. Mary Poppins Returns is everything you've wanted and more. It has the magic, it has the joy, it has the wonderfulness of Mary Poppins and it's going to be able to put a big smile on your face. You're going to feel the magic within yourself and I cannot wait to see what you guys think of it but also I can't wait to go see this film again during the holiday season when a bunch of families are going to see this film and take their kids to experience Mary Poppins for the first time. It's going to be a joyful thing and it really just takes you back to those early days of when you got to see Disneyland for the first time or when you saw the original Mary Poppins it got filled with that magical and joy. This film teaches some nice messages about loss and love. It goes deeper into those elegance of family and what family really means. Without being preachy and hitting you on the top of the head, Mary Poppins Returns really returns with full magic and besides having an overly long song that could have been a little bit chopped up with some of the pacing being a little bit more seamless. I had a blast watching Mary Poppins Returns.  Emily Blunt is perfection when it comes to Mary Poppins. She's just right up there with Julia Andrews. It really just comes out to say that Mary Poppins Returns is, well, amazing. This is definitely a film you want to take your family to. Make sure to check it out guys. So with all that said, I'm going to give Mary Poppins Returns an A minus. I'm really curious to hear your guys thoughts on this film so comment down below and tell me what is your favorite segment from Mary Poppins Returns and what is your favorite song from the original Mary Poppins. Let's discuss it down below guys. Thank you guys again so much for watching this. If you guys are new here, please consider hitting that like and subscribe button because I do tons of movie reviews. Early, new, old, revisit, all sorts of things on this channel and I want to have a great discussion with you guys about movies. Guys, of course, if you guys want to check out some movies early, make sure to hit up Sandwich on Films also down below because right down there we provide movie reviews, movie news and even advanced movie screens. And until next time guys, hope to see you soon. Stay glass.


I'm zero age. This is Ryan. We're with OpenSea and we're going to talk about the seaport marketplace and some more advanced techniques for how to utilize it and interact with it and build on top. So seaport is a beast. There's a single contract but there's a lot going on and so we're gonna work our way through first start with some of the high-level key points and then from there we'll we'll get into some of these advanced techniques. So first thing to understand is that there are two arrays that dictate the basics of a seaport listing or offer. The first is the offer and that's all of the items. Native tokens, ERC-721, 1155, you the offer are gonna spend. Then on the other end you have the consideration which is everything that you or others are gonna get back. If you want to spend the offer items you gotta get the consideration. So there's also this idea of a zone. Every seaport order has an optional zone that you can set. That's a contract that gives a thumbs up or a thumbs down on whether that particular order is still valid. There's also a concept of a conduit which is it's a contract that you can approve to transfer your tokens. So you set your approvals on the conduit and from there you can set additional marketplaces or contracts on that conduit, support multiple marketplaces, migrate to new versions of seaport, so on so forth. So when it comes time to create an order to list your NFT the primary way to do it is you just sign an off-chain listing. This is an example payload that you would see in MetaMask. You're gonna have to pop open the expanded view to get this whole thing but it's got the offer array, consideration array, start time, end time zone conduit. Then another method you can use to create an order is to call this function validate and that means you don't need a signature at all. You just provide the order and it gets listed on chain so to speak. The interesting thing about both signing an order or calling validate is you have to explicitly cancel. You have to actually call and tell seaport I'm no longer interested in filling this. Signatures are not just standard ECDSA they're also support for 1271 which is valid signature. Seaport will give the offeror a digest basically the order hash and a signature and then leave it up to the contract to say yes this order is good this one's not and that works with both traditional signatures as well as validations and you can use this technique to list from a smart wallet or a multi-sig without having to pay gas. You can also and here we start to get into the advanced techniques you can utilize 1271 to do dynamic orders where you might have a contract that's willing to it's it wants to update the order based on a price that's coming back from an oracle or maybe it's implementing a bonding curve or it's a pool something to that effect. So what you do is instead of giving the signature for 1271 you actually give the order itself then and this there's a trick you can do here where you can actually supply an offset to call data that reuses the same segment of call data that you already provided with the order and cut down on the overhead of doing this but then what the offeror that's getting called will basically have to do is rehash the order derive that digest and compare it to the one that was supplied by 1271 but it knows that the order that you gave is the signature is in fact the correct order that's being filled at the moment and then it can go and look okay let's check out this offer item this consideration item and make sure that they match whatever the the latest state that we expect is. So that's a really interesting technique to to do with more dynamic orders you got a question so this is not zones this is if you have a contract that is going to serve as an offeror and so it could have its own validation logic on the contract as part of this but it could also utilize a zone right that's very much a something that it could piggyback on validation logic in its own all right so that's creating orders let's talk about fulfilling them the standard method for fulfilling an order is to call this function fulfill order and or fulfill orders is the actual function and you basically just give this whole payload just like the payload that you signed you provide it to this function and it creates an implied second order a mirror image of the first one where every item that's being offered on the order you're fulfilling you just say all right I will take that and take all of those items those are your consideration items with you as the recipient then look at all those consideration items I'll I'll send those out I'll pay them that's the the basic method but there's also a basic method which is there's a small subset of orders that actually constitute a pretty wide swath of what people are generally doing which is I want to buy an NFT I want to sell an NFT and maybe pay a fee seaport doesn't actually have a notion of fees at all so it's everything is just another item but if you have one of these simple subsets you got a single offer item you've got one or more consideration items and you take up that sum total of all the items there's one NFT that's part of that everything else is a single item type it's a they're all wet or they're all die or something like that then you can call this other function and performs a more optimized fulfillment let's call data you just need to supply a subset like give all the additional recipients which spells out usually it's used for fees and on top of that the basic fulfillment methods have a slight deviation where if the offer is the item is a ERC 20 token or native token then it will be used to pay for all the non NFT consideration so you don't have to take everything you can minimize the number of transfers that are occurring that's a common theme with you'll see as we get into these subsequent fulfillment methods it's all about cutting down on the top efficiency gain is from reducing the number of transfers right particularly with tokens native tokens a little different but with other tokens it gets very expensive if you're doing redundant transfers so when you want to buy five NFTs you want to sweep the floor right oftentimes you'll have each one of those has a fee attached what if those that fee recipient is the same recipient you don't want to do five transfers you want to do one so we use this fulfill available orders method this basically goes through each order and says has this been fulfilled has it been canceled if it's still valid then we'll go for it if the order is not valid anymore we'll skip it and you supply the you basically point to okay this order this item that order that these all have the exact same item type they all have the same ID if you're talking about 1155 token they all have the same recipient effectively they can be condensed into a single transfer cuts down a lot on the number of transfers there then you have this method match orders when you're talking about fulfill orders fulfill available orders seaport's not going to be able to figure out on its own how to do these transfers the way that it works is you're going to walk through every single fulfillment and it's the same idea as fulfill available orders here's the order here's an item here's another item here's another item let's let's aggregate all these together then we're gonna match those with this item this item this item on these orders on the consideration side and that whole group gets to still down into a single transfer so this method is it's not utilized as often if you just want to buy an NFT this is what you really want to reach for in the power use cases where you have your maybe you're searching like you're looking for MEV where you can find a price mismatch or you want to compose multiple different orders with zones and get them all to all fit together in a neat little puzzle piece the big thing to be aware of with this is that if there's a problem after you supply all these fulfillments it's gonna go through and make sure that every single consideration item on every single order has been fully credited it's got to be zero on every single one or else the whole batch will come crashing down it will revert so definitely this is this is the power feature and the first thing you want to reach for if you're looking for searching or or more advanced strategies okay let's talk about some zones zones is the it's the main mechanic by which you would extend seaport any order can choose its own zone and then say I'm a restricted order set the type is restricted now the zone gets to decide whether or not the orders go to bad and in addition you can always extend the consideration rate you can always add items as the filler we call them tips this is it's cool because you can take an order that came from one marketplace you can fulfill it on another and apply a tip what you can also do is you can use logic in the zones to ensure that the tip that got supplied matches whatever it is that that you expect it to maybe that's dynamic calculation of on-chain royalties right something like that so let's talk about a couple potential zones things you could use them for so one application of zones is for dynamic NFT metadata certain items in seaport they're called criteria based items and in place of giving a token ID an identifier you instead give a merkle route and this merkle route is comprised of all the token IDs that are valid or you can give an empty one and that signifies it's a wild card you can pick whatever token ID you want but this only gives you so much granularity because at the time that you sign the order it might have certain metadata but maybe the metadata gets updated right so the traits the attributes that that this had with the time you created the order they've changed now so you can obviously leverage zones for this anytime the creator of an NFT updates their metadata they go and they update the zone registering that hey this particular merkle route is actually now this other one and you can't match the tokens that have changed another potential use cases for compromised NFTs you might have an NFT that gets stolen and you don't want to be able to trade it anymore and that's one potential use case for a zone is to just check and make sure that the items that are part of the order are no longer fillable another cool potential use case is for front-running resistance say I have a zone where I have to call five minutes ahead of time and commit similar to how you would do it with I believe E&S has a similar thing you register ahead of time and say I want to fill this and you wait some period of time and then you reveal you include as part of the parameters called extra data when you're fulfilling that gets passed along to the zone the zone then can look and say oh there's a I'm gonna hash this looks like you committed to being able to fulfill this order another interesting one is leveraging oracles maybe I have a listing I don't want this listing to be fulfillable if the floor falls out so I could read from an oracle that is periodically updated and if the price drifts too much then cancel the order don't let it be fulfilled or you can even leverage this along with that trick with dynamic orders with 1271 to create a strategy that will buy NFTs below the floor price sell NFTs above the floor price that kind of thing so here's some links we've got obviously the seaport repo itself as well as any any questions or do you want to get into the weeds the discussions there are great place for that seaport JS is a library for interacting with seaport makes a lot of this stuff much more straightforward one thing that I will note is that much of the match orders functionality is a little more rough around the edges would love any contributions if anyone finds themselves working on that and then this last link seaport order validator this is a contract that we put together to make it easier for checking an order or if you are accepting new orders coming in there's a lot there's a lot of gotchas things that can go wrong and it's a quick way to say oh this order it looks like you're not actually getting anything from the order right you're not set as one of the recipients on a consideration item you sure you want to do this there's a hundred permutations of things that can be maybe a warning or an outright error right so it'll check on chain registry for creator information like make sure that the the tokens implement EIP 165 that you're not trying to pretend like one one token that's actually as NFT is an ERC 20 token something like that all kinds of interesting stuff and if you're trying to just piece together the potential things that can go wrong this is a great resource so how we doing on time alright I think we can open it up for discussion first off if anybody is currently building on top of seaport and has a sticking point or question by all means let's let's hear them yeah here let me bring Mike over so certain NFTs have royalties associated with them I was wondering do you include the royalties in the orders themselves or does that get handled somewhere else in the contract and if so how does optimization happen on that front yeah so the basic approach as I mentioned earlier seaport doesn't have any notion of fees or royalties it's baked in it's just you could very easily create an order that doesn't include any fees or royalties whatsoever so it's really up to the discretion of the application whoever's building on top of it one approach you can take that I think is a pretty good one is to just read from the registries at the time the order is created this depending on your perspective is either a feature or a bug one thing that I would consider a bug is if when I go to create a listing the royalty is 5% and I'm like okay I signed my listing now the creator goes and changes that 50% that's a problem and I might not have listed it if I knew that I was gonna have to pay that right then there's also the question of well what if they just want to tweak the recipient of the royalty or something like that for those cases you can leverage tipping right so I mentioned earlier that you can always add additional items to the consideration you can't add them to the offer you can't decide that the offer is gonna spend more than they originally agreed to that's that's a very important invariant not to break but you can always say oh yeah I'll I'll give out something extra you combine that with call it a royalty zone the royalty zone will go it will read from in real time from the registry and ensure that the last consideration item this tip matches what the registry has on file so then the only way you're gonna be able to fulfill it is to supply the correct updated information that's sort of the gist thank you cool yes I have a question about one of your earlier slides so you on the matching orders slide you have this statement you wrote something along the lines of like if a searcher identifies an opportunity there it is so I searcher identifies an opportunity can take whatever leftover item amounts and match them to a new consideration item takes itself so I'm a little confused because my understanding of the architecture is that in every single type of order or function call you make all considerations have to be met on the other side so I'm a little confused how you like like in the in the case of like the classic case of arbitrage right like there has to be an opportunity on the table for the arbitrage or to take and as it's not clear to me what this means for an opportunity if the considerations are always evened out or yeah it's a great question and this is actually a good a good opportunity to get into just the the nitty gritty on how this would look let's just consider a really simple stripped down case where you have one listing so the way this might look is I want to sell my NFT right so I have one offer item which is my NFT and one consideration item we'll call it five weath okay with the recipient being me the offer right now someone else likes my NFT they don't realize that I've already listed it for five weath okay they put out an offer a bid on the NFT to buy it and they offer six weath so the way it would look for them is I'm offering six weath one offer item one consideration item this NFT recipient is me so now person number three searcher comes along and realizes that there's this mismatch they call match orders they supply both of these orders and they give a fulfillment saying okay order zero item zero is the NFT order one item zero on the consideration side is also the NFT these match that turns into a single transfer from the offeror a to offeror b and we do it's another match fulfillment order zero item I'm sorry order one item zero which is the six weath order zero item zero on the consideration side is the five weath those now match the way that this works now is that they get the five weath gets credited okay that's been accounted for the six weath gets spent there's one weath left you can actually leave offer item amounts on the table there's not there's not a reason that you have to spend all of the offer items but you do have to credit all of the consideration I am so we could leave it at that you could match those two orders and the original or the order be the person that made the bid just end up paying five but what would in practice what would happen is that this the person who located the opportunity might say I'm going to create a third order and this third order I'm offering nothing so empty array consideration item one weath recipient is me and then they created another fulfillment that you know matches the same one that we've just spent five from with the new one you don't even have to create a new order you can also just add on a tip to order be whatever and use that to match to so that's the idea there other questions okay thanks so haven't built anything on seaport but I've looked into it a little bit just wondering does it support like natively partial fill orders like is it possible yes single sign message with like multiple fulfillments yeah but I'll get into that a little bit so if the offerer elects to support partial fills it's specified in the order type just like a restricted order when the zone requires that so if an order supports partial fills the way that this works is that you can supply when you call a normal it's like fulfill order fulfill available orders match orders those don't do partial fills but there's also fulfill advanced orders match advanced orders fulfill available advanced orders those you give criteria resolvers basically Merkel proofs for the criteria based items as well as fill fraction a numerator and a denominator and the the heuristic is that every single assuming that the order supports it every single offer item and every single consideration item is going to get that fraction applied to it and then once the order is fulfilled it's just going to update with the fraction say here's how much it's been fulfilled the rule is to avoid any kind of weirdness around rounding errors is that every single one of those fractions has got to be exact it there can be no remainder after applying the fraction so in general when you're constructing an order that supports partial fills from the get-go the easiest way to do it is to start with a single quantity right I have some ERC 1155 tokens that I want to sell for one ETH each right I want to sell 10 so I'll now just take the one ETH multiply that by 10 take all the fees that were already calculated multiply those by 10 so it'll be a nice even fraction that's applied the math behind that on the contract is also pretty cool the uses the Euclidean algorithm to ensure that there's if there's an overflow we can all be rounded down to the greatest common divisor but that's that's a different topic yes there's partial fills and and once the basically once the fraction the fill fraction is applied and all the criteria resolvers are applied and it's all the exact same flow as with the standard stuff yeah hey there can you talk a little bit about extra cheap signatures and when they should be used about what signatures extra cheap I see that's a parameter when you're creating an order and I think you use EIP 2098 in that case oh yeah yeah so 2098 is the 64 byte signatures so it's a standard ECDSA in Ethereum has three parameters right VRS and turns out that there's there's a parody to the V right it's almost always 27 or 28 right and there's basically a signature malleability concern there where you have two exactly identical or the the signatures are different but they result the same they recover to the same signer the trick is basically to say what if we just always flip the parody right so you can take any 65 byte signature and you compress you flip it so that the parody is always I think 27 and then you also can because when the parody is that 27 then the S value won't use the most significant bit so then you can compress V and S into a single word you basically take what was once three now it's just two words so you cut down on a word of call data in standard ABI encoding which you know you're looking at what 130 bytes or 130 gas for those bytes and just a minor optimization that that you can employ that's the idea nice thank you great questions everybody hey hi so assume I'm trying to do like a searching strategy right so to help users with gas you may take like signed orders right and those are not visible on chain so for a search here to like look through all the possibilities of orders out there that I could possibly fill with a match order where would I get a list of all the orders that are not on chain like is there a HTTP API that I could call so this this really it delves into less of how does C port do it and more all right what about the marketplaces they're built on top of C port right we work at open C we have an API if you have access to the API then you can read from the API and and get a sense of yours there are also other marketplaces they're built on top of C port you might want to be pulling from those but it does get more complicated to find all of that you can listen on chain for the validate events right which is one way to do it you can listen in the mem pool there's another way so but there is I think it's it's definitely an area of active investigation to figure out how to best democratize that search okay yeah I guess two questions on my end one great one is the C port support swaps of NFTs today absolutely so when you look at an offer consideration the items ETH or native tokens ERC 20, 721, 1155 any combo of those C port is totally fine with the exception is the fulfilled basic order method does have more opinionated subset of possible orders that it's going to support but yeah C port was built with this idea of barter like NFT for NFT as a first classes yeah I guess the second question I have might be a little bit yeah of a comparison question so we are now integrated with like 0xv3 for also a private marketplace I'm just curious I mean maybe can speak to like some of the differences between C port and 0xv3 does any yeah yeah so first off 0x is really cool they are definite innovators in the space 0x is more geared around single NFT like buy an NFT sell an NFT and it's actually very good protocol for that C port is more geared around how do you how do you grow out from that there's less less opinionated on this what the exact structure of a listing looks like basically for the exact reasons that we were just for discussing is a top one another thing that is different is that C port is totally unowned and permissionless there's no special notion of like a protocol token or a protocol fee that could be turned on it's just meant to serve as a permissionless piece of public infrastructure on chain so that is a difference and but yeah big fans of what the 0x team has been able to do thanks over here I was wondering if like currently on open C using C port do they utilize any like interesting zones currently or do you have to like define that yourself as like a someone who like creates a listing on open C so I can't speak too directly for open C I'm I'm one of many but what I can say is that for at least a couple of months after C port first went live it was a brand new protocol used a lot of assembly and and so we kept guardrails on we used a global plausible zone and required that all orders that were sent to open C had this zone set on them and it would allow for us to basically hit the panic button and just cancel every single order if there was a problem with the marketplace it's now been long enough and there are enough interesting use cases for zones that efforts are underway to really open that up other other chains off of main net don't currently use a zone so stay tuned stay tuned on that and I will also say that if anyone is authoring zones or working on them get in touch let us know we'll definitely it would go a long way to help see what zones people are coming up with and and that will definitely inform the discussion and efforts we're integrating with C port and we're having issues with signature verification where recovered signatures match the original signer but orders fail interesting okay and it's it's been unsolvable for me so what are reasons this could be okay so if you have if you have an order that's signed and the signature is valid right like you can recover the signature and it works there are a number of potential things that you could look into the first would be checking the order validator right that's that's going to scan through and give you a number of potential problems when you go to try and fulfill it and that's actually it's a very important thing if you are maintaining listings and offers you have to ensure that you're not putting listings out that aren't fulfillable right so that's one thing to try another see poor has this notion of a counter so every single offeror has a counter that's tracked independent of all of their orders and at any point you can just call increment counter and that serves as an eject button where all the orders that are signed with that counter are now invalid interestingly though you don't supply the counter as an explicit argument it's an implied argument so if you have two identical orders except one has counter zero one has counter one they'll have different order hashes but the call is the same so that's one potential area that you can run into issues the last thing I will say is that cases where there's something really sticky it's just like confusing and not not making sense I would really encourage you to go to this discussions board both for it's a great forum to lay out all the information and also for others to then benefit from figuring it out and so I'd encourage you to do that but yeah signatures are are notoriously finicky to work with and it every every developer that's that's had to work with them that there's always a sense of relief when you finally get your workflow figured out and and the signatures are working because it can be quite opaque why things are going wrong the counters though they only get incremented when you cancel an order so it's actually not related to canceling when I call cancel on an order that cancels a specific order and that's actually one of the only times you do explicitly provide the counter so it's saying here's a particular order that I want to cancel when you call increment counter you don't provide any arguments you just call increment counter and it cancels all of your orders that were signed with that counter yeah two distinct things thank you other questions okay how are we doing on time all right well I guess we've got we got another 10 minutes maybe we could all workshop oh you want to give another question yeah yeah I think this might be a little bit unrelated to the C port but more on the API so any any plans on your end to I guess make it API more enterprise great maybe like higher TPS and so on we are we're just focused on C port but definitely get well we can put you in touch with the API team maybe we could workshop an interesting zone something that that would add some new capability to the C port anyone got any ideas something you'd like to see yeah I'm coming a bit late so I suspect this is always already been raised but is it posts how about a zone where it's only possible to make sales to certain people or I suppose certain addresses or maybe certainly in less addresses that's very possible yeah and that actually reminds me of an interesting advanced technique that is used for private sales so you if say I want to I want to sell just a specific NFT and you are the only person that can buy it what does that look like right how would I set that up one kind of interesting way of doing that is just to say all right single offer item my NFT consideration item one is ETH to me consideration item two is my NFT to you right so I basically just set it all up but now if I wanted to go and call these implied mirror order and you know just fulfill orders on that it's not gonna work because the the offer item from me needs to actually match to the same order right the consideration item on that same order so you got to use match orders for that and you would then match it with an order from you that just says I'm just offering the ETH and there's no consideration item right so I'm basic if if I were to just take that order and sign it then it's effectively a donation right but if I fulfill it alongside this other order now the two of them together make a complete picture so that's for just a single private sale but for say I only want to sell my NFT if you're on this allow list that's easy enough you have a zone where you just supply okay here is a Merkel proof that says that the Fuffiller the caller is in the root right they're one of a set of people or I could check and see like the caller has a balance of this particular token if it don't want it to be a token gated thing we're only someone that owns this token can buy it from me or something like that well that's all actually it's pretty straightforward to do with his own a so with like developing new zones and building just generally on top of seaport like a new marketplace do you see it as like like what's the what are the steps for doing that is that like create a UI that signs messages and then create like a your own database and API to serve those messages do you see that happening as like the pattern as this scales out or like develop the zone and then like work with OpenSea to have that zone integrated her maybe like a mix of both well we knew that the place to start was with the smart contract right the marketplace that's it's the hardest and riskiest thing and most expensive to get audited and vetted and all of that so started with that the contract and now that that's in place really where we go from here is is anyone's guess but I think that if it really depends on the application if you have a particular flavor of listing that you want to see supported in other marketplaces then I think the most expedient route to do that would be to go ahead and put it together and then shop it around and sort of like I mentioned earlier you know I would we would love to to see what people are working on zones they're creating and that would really help expedite the process and help standardize around certain zones that do specific things really well for creating a brand new marketplace from from ground up I think that's it there still is very much a traditional web to component to it that would need to be would need to be undertaken at this stage but I imagine that that too will become more accessible to all soon is my help yeah so you spoke a little bit about private trade private sales recent just now I imagine that OpenSea is not spawning new contracts for zones every time someone does a private sale can you walk us through the flow of a private sale and OpenSea today yeah so so there's no zone required on private sales that's basically just taking the standard order and normally you'll see an order with it's like the basic order you'll have a single offer item that's either the the tokens that you want to spend or the NFT that you want to sell and then you'll have one consideration item the first one by convention like if you use the order validation helper thing the first consideration item is almost always going to be something coming back to you the offer right and then it'll be followed up by usually fees like here's a fee to the marketplace here's a fee to the creator that's the standard order that you would see but in private sales one way you can do a private sale is you deviate from that standard a little bit and you just say I'm actually going to include the the recipient the person that I want to sell this item to as a consideration item on my order that makes sense so it's like literally you need to get this or else you can't take it from me yeah that's the idea I guess like for like a zone idea is that like I think when I was reading the like OpenSeas like Wyvern contracts like there was support for just Dutch auctions and Excel or fixed price sales and they had like a comment in it saying like they wanted to maybe do something more advanced or like English auctions or something like that right and I remember watching one of your like I guess it was like an East Denver talk or something like that and you said that like something like an English auction or that could be possible using the zones so I should this is actually another advanced technique that we haven't really touched on that you reminded me of and that is every item you can specify a start amount and an end amount so when you do that it will look at the start time and the end time on that particular order and then it does it a linear interpolation and we'll just pick out okay here's the current amount based on where we are along the the timeline for the order so oftentimes like when you talk about a Dutch auction what that or a reverse Dutch auction what that really is getting at is this is a it's a some listing where the price is going down over time right where the price is going up over time it's not necessarily auction per se now auctions there's a couple different ways to run them and it really depends on what you're trying to optimize for and what your trust model is oftentimes what it really comes down to is like I have a reserve price and I want that reserve price to be met and I want that reserve price to be secret too right so like one way to handle an auction assuming you have an auctioneer that is a someone you trust is you set the auction the runner of the auction as the zone on your order zones generally the way that we would think of them is that when you have a restricted order that zone you're gonna call it and say is this a valid order if it is then it'll give back a magic value saying this is good go ahead but another way you can do it is that that zone can actually call seaport if they call seaport that's also them if they're the ones that are fulfilling the order that's also them giving explicit approval per se right their message sender so you can basically sign a listing that you here's my my reserve price that's the consideration item to me I'm gonna give that to this this auctioneer whatever the marketplace they're gonna keep the order secret and then they have to be the one to fulfill it right it's a restricted order and they'll apply a tip on that based on the difference between the reserve price and the actual price there are also constructions where you can do stuff like the commit reveal pattern for hiding the reserve price you generally have to bond up front I mean it gets it gets complicated depending on whether you're optimizing for the privacy of the the person that's what that's trying to auction the item or if you're trying to optimize for protecting the bidders you know if you don't want the person running the auction to pull out of the auction and cancel it and pull their yoink their assets or something their items there's there's a number of different variables to control for but that's one thing that I think would be really cool to see more work on is leveraging zones to run different kinds of auctions yeah all right that's time thank you all for coming and can't wait to see what you built