All right. All right. So is this working? Can you guys see you over on YouTube now? Yeah, yeah, it seems to be working. Okay All right, so sorry about that guys. I'm not sure what happened. Just the YouTube just it just failed and I got to go through the disclosures again here so that no one's Surprised or understand what they're getting involved with here a general disclosure all book map Limited materials information and presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations risk disclosure treating futures equities and digital currencies Involves the stanchal risk of loss and it's not suitable for all investors Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. All right, let's jump back in And see what we missed here Yeah, this is kind of turning into like a pretty interesting Move in here We'll have to kind of dive into structure and fractals of structure In here to to understand kind of what's happening We've gone through this so many times in the past. So it is repetitive, but the market is repetitive The structure these elements they are the same again and again This area here is like a no man's land. That was we were looking at earlier Here as being our no man's land in here, right? So and then it it traded to this low volume node in here and it bounced beautifully out of it Okay, but we're not we don't We don't care about it being a low volume node. We care about buyers and sellers Okay, and buyers and sellers what they're trying to tell you in the low volume node is this rejection That there's trading down here or there's trading above it Okay, it blazed through this and then it blazed right back up above it And that's what creates the low volume node But if we get enough sellers in here, we don't care. They're going to come down here They're going to come to 57 55 And then 50 and we've seen it a million times So we're reading the buyers and sellers in here and then we went through the scenarios and this this actually We put in these ovals here before this move unfolded. We're looking for this potential scenario And it did unfold and it matched kind of matched these ovals in here So that's what we were looking for and then we're looking for these levels to potentially transact For the move here of the ovals to move up into those areas, all right, so Anyway, uh, yeah, here's your low volume node again. It traded into it and through it and This is this is a this is an unexpected move here. Um, I would I would look for this Selling to come back in and try to reach 55 and 50 again Uh, now here's why that little low volume node and yada yada and that no man's land Well, it's up here as well and it turns into a low volume node up here. This is now Structure within structure Okay, so we went through all this kind of detail in here in the structure reading the current market Let's look at a bigger picture though All right, so here it is structure up here Structure down here. All right as simple as that And we're getting kind of a battlefield here. Um Uh emanating right around this area here around the this 68 and a half or so All right and see if uh, see if we can get enough buyers to trade it back up into this previous structure Okay, we're gonna have to see some quite a bit of buying and and we are I mean We see quite a bit of selling followed by quite a bit of buying. Okay, beautiful v pattern there Uh, and it's equal buying and selling basically All right, so uh, what we're looking though for is at the top edge If we get enough buyers to trade up here and then break it and trade up into 69 and 70 and maybe then back up into these previous areas and if you look for maybe move to the other side of the Structural range here at 77 Okay, where's the liquidity as well? Where's the supply? Where's the demand? Well right now the supply is up here at 70 All right, so uh, and then the demand is is Yeah, they're in these little pockets in here, but they're mostly down here at 55 and 50 Good morning, tony. Not sure what happened there, tony why we uh, Why it dropped off like that, but uh, sorry about that Uh, it was working and then it immediately failed And we lost everybody there Okay, any questions on this? uh kind of um rob or um Chris or anybody about what we what we've been covering in here I'm hoping That You know we look at um We're not we're not covering like a trading um plan or strategy in here. We're talking about how these markets work Uh And then that can be applied to any trading plan okay, so You know, I I I know we all want to we're all here to make money Hey, we're all here to um Learn or be educated about um, the market and and and how to make money here Okay What what we're going over in the order flow in these advanced webinars is understanding the market Once you understand the market you can apply it to Any way of trading in any way of making money Okay, if it could be that you're trading like darvis boxes or you know range bound trades or Uh, you know volume profile or you're looking at uh, you know the volume profile that we covered or you're looking at Uh trend lines in here It doesn't matter right you can look at your trend line breaks um and uh Look for reversals, or if you're looking at patterns like a double bottom pattern It's all order flow. It truly is Okay, in fact, you can't escape it order flow is a part of it Uh, it's what makes up all of these patterns It what it it's what makes up all of these trading styles Okay, uh Brokey or um, yeah Yeah, broky Okay, I got your attention. Excellent. All right. Well, anyway, I I you know We're we're trying to um shed light On on this so that you can apply it to anything And um, uh, it's a firm foundation to uh Use for any trading style and that's why we have like later in the afternoon Uh, we have a volume profile trader tom b He'll be going through how he trades Okay, then we have uh right after that we have dug plus options with dug How he trades okay, what kind of order flow events he's looking for with his options strategies And then after that we have the algo boys again certain very trading totally differently looking at uh algorithmic levels Uh, and then off of those algorithmic levels They're making order flow trading decisions Okay, so rob the c made one trade anticipating the mean reversion to the v poc.   Maybe you're not looking for a mean reversion back to just uh v poc Okay, maybe you're looking for something much bigger Right the order flow would tell you so why why even you know, uh, You know, uh, I mean you can look for the move back to it, but still be in the position Okay, maybe you take some off like you're saying in here about scaling out some Yeah, yeah, that's exactly what you're talking about in here. Yeah, perfect. Perfect rob. So now this exactly what I'm talking about That's fantastic. So you have a way of trading volume profile, but without understanding the order flow You might just take your profit right at v poc Instead you only took some off Because maybe you're looking for a bit more out of it Good morning, mcloco. Um Let's see chris is there a way to what is the way to avoid a a fake out from a um From a breakout zone or rejection what could be typical signs? Well, there's all sorts of stuff. Uh, and you know, look, I mean it fakes You know, the order flow can fake us out Uh, as well, um, but we're looking for what that fake out looks like Right, that's kind of the the, um, uh A key to it here is to, uh Go through these scenarios Right, like look at these guys here. These guys here are stuck Look at them just pounding it above it here Right now, I don't have the stops and icebergs on here for right now But I'd be looking for a beautiful stop run and it'll probably go right up to 70 right now Okay, so looking for continuation here Um In this move now, there's one thing we don't have here, which we might get kind of trapped up in and this is this is where You know You as a trader have to make a decision if you want to take the risk or not It we don't have a full setup here Um via the order flow I'm looking for it to come up here, but In terms of it being higher probability I don't see them on the bid here. See how dark it is in here. Okay. Well, I know it's strong buying That's just you know hitting me over the head It's telling me that but I want to see a strong bid as well And I want to see the reaction to that strong bid be buyers Okay, that's where I have found that if we don't and I can see it's kind of bluish down here. That's not bad That's not bad All right, so and I know this is going to be a stop run in here even though don't have stops and icebergs on here Um, let me let me turn it on I have it. I don't have it on for a reason actually. Uh, I want to go over that Um, but we'll put it on here in the sub chart for now Okay, and here's our stop run right here here and and we should see Should see a bigger one up into 70. See this is exactly what here's our this is um, Chris This is our our fake breakout here or Did it break out? Yes, it did break out Okay from here, right? This is where to be very very careful Right because we know that yeah It's it's hitting us over the head here, but now sellers are hitting us over the head here as well And it's it's very equal. Look at the bars. Look at the size of the dots Uh in here, right? So There's just like this v-bottom in here sellers Followed by lots of buyers Okay, so we're getting some back and forth in here But being aware of that potential in here We're looking forward to trade up here. Yeah, sure From here on like, you know, we saw that strength coming in It's it was here that on the smaller move where we saw this is the trap Okay, so down here Okay, look at the bind up above it and up above our structural levels as well That's what we that's how we started this off here Understanding the volume within structure Okay, so once we start to see this heavy volume in here look for this Move up into this structural area here or high liquidity And the next look for the next one this one The swing here The swing here And high liquidity. Okay, so high liquidity maybe around 69 but I Was was really looking for 70. Okay, we've been looking for 70 a few different times now Uh and uh You manage your risk along the way okay, so Anyway, we didn't have all the pieces in here. We mentioned it before it collapsed here Okay, so that's what to look for does that make sense? Uh chris, so um, you know be be careful about those areas and what we saw here repeated See that's why we want to understand the order flow and what this order flow looks like Heavy selling trapped buyers on the other side pounding these these sellers here. Okay, great. What about up here? Heavy buying up here Sellers come in on the other side and pound those buyers And we should see a stop run to the downside and we do Okay, so we'll get rid of cvd Here's our stop run to the downside in here that meant all these buyers in here They're getting stopped out down here or not all of them, but you know There's a big stop run here. Okay, and a lot of buyers in here are probably getting stopped out All right, does that answer your question chris? I mean this one is recorded and should be up on our youtube channel so But you can look for these areas and look for the potential traps as well Okay Yeah, I mean I you know the markets are complex and I I want to show as simple as as we can make it You know but but you you can kind of see when one swings one way and and then This is our our pivot line in here And it's not because of a volume profile or anything It's because this is where we see sellers down here and buyers up above it So now sellers down here. Okay. I think sellers have an opportunity to take control here And drop it 65 Okay, maybe lower Okay, so because of this Okay, so here's our pullback right back to the the mean base or the the middle here Okay, now we might we might get buyers back up here. I don't see them here We need to see them up here and if we do then we'll come back up here and we have the potential for 70 I'm looking for sellers again down here and then the drop into 65 Okay, let's see do I don't see sellers here. I don't see them. In fact now we're getting buyers here instead Okay So yeah, I I I don't see the the bid underneath really supporting it So I'm not getting involved in that one either Like it doesn't have all the pieces Okay, so this is back and forth in here and I'm staying away from it because the order flow Uh is uh is telling me this could go up here here. I mean Or down here, you know, so We're looking for something that gives us more Surety or insight higher probability Okay, now we might get trading down here, but they're on the bid now down here at 66 Okay, so just stay away from it. I mean like uh, we're looking for when we get that kind of more pure kind of move And then we covered a few different um Fake breakouts in here or breakdowns And what it looks like All right, so and again, uh chris. I think maybe go back and review Uh mark some of these up Um and mark it up on your own and start to understand the order flow around those areas Okay, because it will tell you all right. Let's see if we get our sellers again here And This could be a nicer move not not just to 65 here. It could be below Back down to the bottom of this range here Okay at 62 or 63 Again, just not nothing on nothing on the offer that that helped us on that though really nothing Okay, we want to see that Uh, all right guys, so let's see what I wanted to cover in here All right, so you may have seen on our youtube channel The uh new trader map pro video Let me uh, let me find it here Okay, go to our youtube channel here, uh, and then under um Should be under features and components down here. Let's see. Yeah, I'm sure it's here Okay, so scroll all the way back down to the bottom. In fact, I'm going to move it all the way back up Um Move it right to the top Okay, uh, here it is guys. This is a great new tool. Uh, it's actually included here with the um Global plus for now. Okay, it's in it's free or included with global plus. Here's our move guys We talked about this looking for the move into 65 and potentially below it Wanted to see the offer though, you know to get the full full piece or picture Uh, we didn't okay, but uh This is not enough here. Uh, so we could see buyers take it right back Not only not only to 65 we can see them take it back to 70 now as well Uh, you know, so the fight Is still unfolding here. This is a key pivot right here at 65 Okay For this this this battle right in this fight see again like chris I mean, this is why like even though we're looking for that move and and to possibly break it here Uh, now we're seeing the move right back up above it. It's the same things and and there's nothing to stop it until it gets up to 70 Right, so uh, here it is again and again in here, right? But now we want to see it come up come up further uh, potentially Okay, and finally hit 70 here now again. Do we see support on the bid? No not really So, you know Yeah, we're looking for it. We're looking. This is our pivot right here at 65 Okay selling below it buyers above it Uh more buyers above it up into 70, but I don't see them supporting it on the bid I don't see them on the offer really either So, you know, that's we're just kind of looking for these things to potentially unfold, but nothing high probability All right. Let me show you this trader map pro. Uh, I think it's awesome. Uh, it works only with mbo data Uh, you guys saw the instrument copy add-on This is a great add-on, uh as well Um, let me have you guys played around with this. Did you see the release? Of the trader map pro Try to get some feedback here And let me put this video into the chat Yeah, I want to cover this um So michael, yeah, I don't know what time you came in, but we went through um Uh, the piece is uh earlier on of of um What uh, what we're looking for all right, so here's the trader map pro um, uh video and then we put it into discord as well Yeah, uh, mcloco here. Here you go. Um, this trader map pro check it out. Um Now this is it's a very specific product, but uh It it is based off of our instrument copy. So I don't know if you guys have seen the instrument copy So we'll start there Uh with instrument copy. Um, it is um, uh, very simple. Uh, you just can create a duplicate. Um Uh Symbol here, uh, and it says, you know, I'm making a copy of esz2 and it says at copy Right, that's that So where is it? Well, it should have popped out here. It is it's right here Okay, it just made an exact copy uh of that instrument now. I can tailor this to whatever I want Okay, I can I can uh come in here and um Yeah, I have time and sales in here. I have cumulative volume delta down here Um, you know, maybe I want to filter the heat map in a different way Uh, or the volume dots in a different way, right? So now maybe this is now you can pop this out Right click here and pop it out into a different window Uh, and then this can be maybe your higher time frame that you want to look at All right, so you can put this on a different monitor or or share your real real estate on the screen um, and Let's close it and it'll pop back here Um, anyway The let me I'm gonna unsubscribe from it here. I want to show the trader map pro is based off the same um Instrument copy Kind of background, but this what you can do though with this is Um, a lot more What you can do with the trader map pro is filter the heat map Uh, so the incoming orders now I've actually got a few different ones and you can see it says at es2 at um Trader map pro tm pro Okay, so here we go Now I what what I did over here you you'll see it in the video. Um Uh, and I want to cover it now because like we might get more insight from it. Um Then we are right now in the current market because this current market You know, we're getting a little bit of support here, but we see sellers are kind of interested in it here So this battle is still kind of unfolding in here. We're not we're still not getting much clarity around this pivot level at 65 Okay, here come the sellers, you know, I'm mounting their attack here, but I don't I don't I'm still not buying it here or selling it Uh, it's still kind of like You know, it can equally come up here as well Uh, so I I just don't get an edge in here now. I might get an edge via the trader map pro how all right, so We can come up here. We can uh You can download the trader map pro. I'll show you where it is on the knowledge base book map knowledge base Go to book map.com Click on the more button Go to our knowledge base here Then go to the add-ons section here And these are all our add-ons and it's down here trader map pro click on that And then you'll see it in here now and here's our video in here now as well. Okay, which is great um And then you can you can download it here. Here's the download link you can you can get up and running with it now all right, so the You just need to have global plus to have access to it right now Now in the near future though, like right now it's it's it's free. It's with global plus. There's you know included there um In the near future though or at some point in the future it's um, going to be only available within the um MBO bundle which makes perfect sense. Okay, so how to get there. Let's let's just go to book map.com Click on the more button and then go to the um marketplace here Okay, and then in here we'll we'll do a search for MBO And here it is here MBO bundle plus trader map pro All right, 134 a month. It's included in it now So you're getting more value out of your MBO bundle. So guys download it. Here's the download here, right? So uh all the details are in here All right, and then now install it watch the video install it. Um, and we create I already created a few copies already here Uh, and I'll go over them. All right. So what the one I want to show you is uh, there's a couple different uh demos I made here Uh the the one Um here, let's get rid of this one Unsubscribe Subscribe No, I've got those two open And I don't need this one Yeah Correct. Okay All right, so I've got two open right now. Um Yeah, this one has two filters on it and this one has one filter On it. So I'll go over that in a minute, but um, let's go over the one that's filtered here So I made a filter So this is now MBO data because it's CME group and you need to have rhythmic for this Okay, just like the stops and icebergs uh and I filtered the um orders coming in That they have to be 10 or greater Okay, so one order Has to have at least 10 contracts in it. So I filtered for a larger player Here is their bid and here is their offer Okay, now I have the a best bid and offer in here as well But that's it's kind of it won't actually show up. You need to there's a way of getting it on here Anyway, let me just cover the basics This is this is a larger player market making behavior. Uh, basically This is where the offer is up here and you can see them widen the spread Uh, then they narrow it and then they widen it. Okay, they widen it on the bid as well And the heat map is also now filtered This is a filtered heat map is a filtered everything is filtered here from the order book all the data on here Okay, the transactions are not filtered But the order book is okay, which means also the heat map will be Okay, so uh, you can see huge spread now Uh, and it's where there's the the first one that has at least 10 contracts or more So we can start to look at really important levels of liquidity on higher time frames So up here This is great. I mean look at this move up into very close to 70 up up here Okay, and we didn't quite trade it But we saw the best offer come up here several times and they they kept on You know stretching that offer up in here and no one came up and traded up there So they weren't interested in it Okay, they tried. I mean the market makers tried a bunch of times Uh, and uh, no one was really interested in it Okay, so this makes good sense that we're starting to see it sell off now And I'd be looking for 55 here Why because that's where the important liquidity is by these larger players This is where the market wants to go Okay, and I think it's going there right Now As I say that we just dropped five points All right, I'm telling you this is really insightful this this uh heat map pro Or trader map pro Uh looking still for yeah, we might get a bounce in here, but I'm still looking for lower 55 I also like this 44 or whatever it is down here this liquidity Okay looking for more sellers Hitting the bid the liquidity is down here now. Let's take a look though and go through the scenarios even with this trader map pro Okay, look look up here 62 and a half. See where they're offering up here So that let's just mark that area up Okay, so we're looking to see if we get maybe a move back up to here I don't see any liquidity in there, but that's where this best offer comes up to for these 10 lots or greater Okay, the bid is still down here Or above it at 55. So, you know looking for A move back down to 55 Now look at the offer now. We were looking at 62 Now they're down here and there's high liquidity here as well 59 All right, so here comes our move into 55 And let's see if they can even stretch it more and look for 50 now Look at look at how this offer Uh, the spread widens open and where does it go? Right back to 59. That's where larger players want to accept risk On the offer. This is where they're saying I will deal but up here only Every now and then they do get filled down here. It looks like or they at least they provide some liquidity there Okay, but this is where they they want to deal. It's up here Pretty uh, pretty interesting stuff Rob, what does initial balance low mean to you? I'm just curious I see you said it was hit Yep norman, uh, low of the first day. Well, what what does it mean to you though rob? Lower the first hour Okay, okay. That's great Why why do you think it's important? I'm gonna I'm gonna continue to drill down in the wise um And let me let me go over and I'm and check in on uh on youtube over here. Sorry guys No, it looks like no questions over here Which is good. All right, um All right, so let's go back to uh discord here Okay, so I said, uh, so what what does it mean to you? And then and then you you defined it as it's the the first hour of trading and the low During that first hour of the regular trading session Okay, and um Slaughterat see uh says it's uh a higher time frame And it moves outside of the ib means it's higher time frame in the in the market probability uh norman says it's uh or nomad says it's a probability of an impulse in the direction to strong There's a high probability 90 plus percent That either initial out balance higher low will be hit during the regular trading session Okay okay, so I'm getting all of these kinds of like Um answers around what it is And I just I really I mean I this My reaction to it and it it's it's my reaction my personal Kind of reaction and understanding of it Okay Uh is no different than any other order flow event in here It's just that there's been so many books written about this Okay, and um uh In a few in particular Uh talking about the initial balance and giving it a name Uh and then um saying that this is important and and then creating trading strategies around it But the it let's just drill down into the the pure concept of it Okay, all it is It's the cash open And what is the cash open here in this now it would have a it would have no meaning whatsoever If there wasn't high volume traded during that time None of none of these answers in here None of them not one Uh has um That is a high volume period A very important high volume period That's what is important about the initial balance High and low Okay, if if the open let's say let's suppose in some market the open didn't have much Uh unfolding at the open no one everyone was like, ah, you know, I'm not going to wait for the first hour or two I'm going to trade later And and the market opens up and it's just there's low volume Initial balance mean is meaningless There might be days when the initial balance like maybe on fomc For example, it probably has a lot less meaning Because there's probably a lot less volume in that day Okay, and that in that during that time period Okay, so let's just zoom out All right guys, this is turning into a beautiful move here with this Trader map pro so we're still looking for it to go lower Okay, and so and you got a stat you see you says you suppose the ib stat which Wouldn't mean much during low volume open. Yeah, exactly exactly. So let's get to the crux Of what it means All right, and now let's let's go and let's look at it here and let's mark it up on the chart Okay guys, I mean I'm just going to clean all my Drawings here, right And then we'll look at the initial balance And this is what I it it kind of drives me a little crazy in here. Someone says like, oh, yeah, there's divergence in the in the cvd And I know that has it's just statistical this and that about diversions I just I think that's just almost insane Um That has no meaning whatsoever You need to see the volume within the price structure Scott went over divergence yesterday on cvd and crude oil And there was massive divergence And those people that were buying that divergence looking for the move up. We're just getting annihilated on the move down Okay, and there's like there's details in the order flow that make up that divergence So anyway same concept here for initial balance All right, so here's 9 30 cash open here Okay, here's 10 30 here All right, this is our initial balance range Okay from around 90 Uh down to about this uh 56 Okay, I'm kind of you know eyeballing it here All right now let's look at the volume within it Okay, the initial balance is all about high volume period in the in the beginning of the day All right, so because that's where traders are dealing That's what's important And then that this is this is where I think initial balance or It's not the definition of initial balance. What's important it it is Understanding that this is a time period that is important in the market And if there are a lot of traders involved in here And they get upside down Meaning you move outside of the range in here And you start to see a heavy selling below that range You can get a nice move and continuation outside of this range here Okay, and we know it's an important range because we know If we even look at let's go back into a candlestick chart here And let's look at a five minute candlestick chart This is why initial balance is important Okay, look at the volume smile here This is the cash open 930 right here.  It's just picking up now as it's breaking Uh, and it and also filling this gap here It kind of filled it earlier and bounced out as you guys can see All right, so um, but this is why it's important is it's the traders involved in here and chris was asking about traps et cetera It's because of all of this in here Uh, and then understanding the the position of these traders and then working it Either with them or against them the rest of the day or first not even the rest of the day or uh, the session Maybe just for a significant period of it Okay, it could be even a very volatile period. It could be just like a five minutes ten minutes And we can see price drop down to here Okay down down to you know 98 uh or 39 28 All right, so that's what's important is the volume event We're just calling it giving it a name at the open. That's it all right, so um Now if if we can understand that concept here of initial balance Okay You can use that same context in a fractal Isn't this like an initial balance then this event here in fact from here on down Look at all that selling in here. That's massive selling Compare that relative volume with all of this volume previously here. Look at the bars Okay, this is all rather insignificant then This is significant All right, so now we can turn and use that same concept of initial balance within this smaller time frame Okay, so now this is uh, you know a little more complex because we have we got some bigger structure in here as well We better if it was within the structure Okay, because it went outside of the bigger structure. So it's a little more complex But this is the volume event for this time frame Okay, let's give it a name. What do you what would you guys? What do you think do we we call it a um Uh, uh, I don't know the the um uh I don't know secondary about the the Smaller balance. I don't know something. Um, all right, so but we're looking for maybe a balance around here All right, we can even look at here um Let's let's even mark up the midpoint here. Okay be right here Okay Right there So we're at the midpoint of this balance period here guys I'm not making this stuff up and I don't I mean I don't care about initial balance Or you know, I'm not against volume profile. I'm not against any of these things What I'm trying to say is understand what's behind these ideas in here And that will make that will enlighten you to to create any type of strategy And understand it. What about like a monthly balance? You know, I mean There's window dressing at the end of the month, you know There's there's funds that have to buy in the beginning of the month even the beginning of the year Right and understanding those volume events or you know, where larger players are dealing And then how it might how traders might have to react to that later It's pretty simple when you break it down And believe me like there I've seen it there are lots of very very smart people developing algos Who are understanding balance areas on much smaller time frames And then working it against them And they don't care what the fundamentals might be. They don't care they care about where they're they're going to force people to trade Where there's some sort of imbalance and if they can run it the wrong the wrong way for just a small period They can capture huge gains So we really want to You know what I'm trying to say is like great You got you got the strategy here and it's been outlined in books and and and talked about but the concept behind it Okay, so you can you can extrapolate that understanding And that concept to so many different things and it just opens up the doors the floodgates For all types of strategies that you can come up with Okay, and it'll it'll uh, uh, free you um from just uh You know following something that many other people follow as well All right, and look at the markets in a different way. It's here in the order flow Yeah, I mean you can look at other ranges. Uh, this is great great breakdown here. Um, that you have a Nice study there rob That's really really great stuff So anyway, um uh Yeah, I mean you've got this you got all these statistics and all this kind of stuff all all laid out Um, which is great So, uh, anyway I hope I hope you guys understand where I'm coming from on this. Um, and uh, and then Maybe Maybe then it it By understanding what it means And breaking breaking down the kind of formal definitions of it. You can understand it on on other Uh in other means Okay, and then that can offer you an edge And that's what we're all here for All right is get an edge by looking at this. So this kind of move is now failing Okay, and we would look for its test back up into here Okay, up into 65 Now we got a C Okay, but if we don't get enough if we don't get sellers in here and we get buyers they're going to trickle right back up into Well, we like it up here 60. It's actually about 66 I just provided an aha moment Okay, that uh god, I mean I'm I'm relieved, uh, joe.  Um Has it was it well accepted or rejected or um But anyway, truly, I mean really I like these guys that that you know Dalton and I mean they're it's great stuff But just understand they're just putting a definition on top of a strategy they you know, um Uh looked at and and studied But the concept behind it is is is simple. Um Anyway, uh, you can look at and this is why lots of people look at the clothes as well that that by that volume smile Heavy heavy volume in the open Tapers off and then it picks up again in the afternoon and at the clothes And then there's all sorts of ways of looking at the clothes as well Right and and uh Yeah, under understand that heavy volume and what that that heavy volume means Uh, let's see here. Let me let me see the reactions here Uh in youtube Okay. Yeah, this is a good question. Uh, mr. 123. Um, what's the difference between number of Orders per price uh versus number of contracts and okay, so I've got actually two different heat maps up here filtered with Trader map pro This one is just showing the number of Of orders, uh, or you know the number of contracts within the order Okay, so it's showing that the volume here, which is um, Like here you see 20 here. You see 20 17 10, so these these are like orders up here Right and there could be multiple orders, uh at these price levels up here It's showing that least one order has at least 10 though That's what this one means and that is the first filter um that second filter the number of um Uh orders, uh, if you look at it over here Like this is showing you we did two filters on this one here Okay, it uses uh one filter that is showing 10 But the first filter was actually showing the number of um Uh contracts Per price level. So there was like it said like, you know, you can watch the video. It says like 32 or 20 or whatever And it will show the number of orders per price level. So that 32 meant there were 32 orders Not contracts at the price level Right now what we did here we did we added a double filter on this one Uh, and I'll I'll show you in just a second. Um, but the double filter is number of contracts Um per price level, but then also the number of contracts per price level that are at least 10 or more And you can see that that filtered out a lot So we just see one up here with at least 10 another one with at least 10 It's not it's pretty thin order book now, right? Okay, so we only see one ones and twos basically in here Obviously, these are larger players Right in the the the filter also applies to the heat map here. So this heat map is really thin Right, we're not seeing high liquidity in here in this heat map But those that we are seeing here in the heat map is telling us something All right, so Uh, and in fact, let's take a look at it. We were just looking for our our move back to 66, right? Well, here we are at 66. What is the heat map telling us? What are the larger players telling us? Well, this is 66 is actually a good level here. There's some liquidity in here And we see the spread is widened out to that area right now Um, I imagine we're gonna we're gonna see some sellers start to come in here Okay, and try to move it back down to 62 Now we'll see maybe it starts to accept And and trade higher the next level look at this look where the spread has come out to now 68 So we might get actually a jab right up to 68 now You know, I mean we're looking at the spread. We're looking at like what the reaction is by the players And there it is there is the move our move to 68 Okay, there were enough buyers to trade it right to it All right, let's see if we get any more insight here Okay, I imagine we're gonna get a pullback probably right to here 65 and a half Okay, I'd be looking for it Anyway, uh, that's what those mean, uh, and uh, here it is with just this is again just one filter Uh showing 10 lots or greater and we see there's 30. There's 15. There's 10, etc All right, so that that we can see as well All right, that answers that question Well also because of the stops placed there sure The I the initial balance higher low because of the stops but Also with any other trading range, uh, it would it would be significant, right? Like our range up here. We're going to see huge huge stop runs above here right, so now We're looking for this volume event and this understanding here. This is actually kind of interesting So your initial balance here is failing Or the breakdown it's trading back into it. This is turning to a mean reversion type of trade Okay, based and and again, I hate to give it these names In here. It just means it's going to trade back to where it can Where there were previous traders in here and this is a good level right where it is right now at this kind of 69 or 70 level here It's a really good level. Look at all of these traders involved in it here All right, so now we're we should see the stop run above this Probably back up into about maybe 75 Okay, or the swings up here 77 all right, so Anyway, yeah understanding this volume within that this trading period here Or also within this trading period here Uh, it it it gives you insight You know understanding the events around uh this here and right now these these guys are getting squeezed heavily all right, so uh Looking for the stop run here big one So I stops are a part of it, but it's not just because it's initial balance It might be might be some of it, but it's not just because of it Uh, lee let's see do the auctions in the equity market compared to the futures Um, no, they're they're they're a little bit different. Um, we can we'll take a look Yeah, they're differently. We'll take we'll take a look in just a minute Secondary balance. Okay tertiary balance. Yeah, I I mean it can be so many other things Uh, what I think uh, uh, there was initial bruce balance What this was uh mcloco here Um, no, but there is no it's not initial though. That's the thing. It's just a balance It's just a balance area Guys these these understanding balance in in some of these areas. I mean that you can see like how Uh, how important it is. That's why we look at you know, these important important areas in here Um, and then in fact, you know, this is turning into that pivot here That we always talk about right here Hold on Yeah, right here 65 Um Yeah, rob just I I'm I'm I'm trying to um, I'm trying to help.  It was bob dillon Coming to you know, he's from I don't know some Cold as as heck mining town in in minnesota Uh, and started to get into music and he came to new york city Uh, and he's you know, he's a smart guy He started going to like uh, you know here in new york city the cafe wa like some of these other cafes in the village that offered um I mean you can see jimmy hendrix play live, you know, I mean in these small little areas No one knew he was at that point, but It was exciting time and he just hung out and listened And was smart enough It really had an impact on me like smart enough to Understand what is the essence of what they're getting at in their message and then understanding that at a deep level Uh, and then being able to get to his own message and what he wanted to cover And uh, you know, uh, he was capable of doing something like that And we're talking about the same things here with understanding the essence behind some of these, uh common, um Or well-known, uh trading strategies Just because it's a common or well-known trading strategy doesn't mean like, uh We have to understand what it means behind it Okay, instead of like, oh, yeah, I'm looking for the divergence with a candlestick pattern Boom, I'm in Yeah, we could all learn that But if we understand really what's going on behind the scenes in the market and understand the essence of it That is where you'll it'll free you and open open it up and and, uh Start to look at it in in many different ways here Okay, so, uh, that's where I wanted to go, uh, and maybe that'll even help your initial balance strategies Okay, if that's something that you trade look for when it might white might work out when it might fail And why it's here in the order flow Okay, so let's see here Thanks, rob. I I appreciate it. Um, it's a nice nice comment there. Um Can I filter to show the where the algo is coming in rather than 10 lots?  You have another image you shared here. This is great rob This is fantastic Oh, man, uh You know, I hope you posted this in uh, uh, not just in here. Um, but uh, uh, try to get try to post this on Wherever it is that you you know You post Beautiful stuff Yeah, really really great This is how you learn Right, you're you're doing it rob Okay, you not only are not only do you have like the order flow, but you have statistical quantitative data as well You're on your path, you know You're gonna be you're gonna be trading really really well So keep keep at it stay in the game uh, and uh You know keep keep moving forward So let's see here, uh, joe joe has some very nice comments in here. Um, yeah.  Yeah, and and You know and then you know, even hey, if you have some ideas like and you want us to take a look at them We'll do it in here as well Like you said, well, what about this as a balance or that as a balance or maybe it's not balanced So you're you're looking for you know, I don't know something else. Um And then we can we can uh, take a look at it santo trader. Hey, welcome Ah, so nice to hear from you Ah, really really pleasure Looking forward to it's been a long time. Um Yeah, yeah, I would love to do a lot more with you. That's for sure Uh excellent trader down there in brazil We've done events, uh with santo trader in the past uh, yeah Amber we have these we have these uh live webinars every day. Um, so these are forward-looking analysis events. Um Or live streaming every day And the um The goal is to uh, uh match this with our Education so let me show you where our education is so that you can understand that Our educational course okay on our youtube channel here if you scroll down it's right down here bonus materials Uh book map educational course. Okay, so maybe just watch the first couple Uh part one and part two at least part one, please and then come to these um live webinars Uh, that's where you'll get traction out of it because we talk about How these markets actually work? Uh the mechanics behind them and then that can be extrapolated to uh multiple timeframes Uh and ranges etc to Initial balance, um trading strategies or whatever it might be all right, so um Then now now you've got a really good foundation Uh for your trading to be able to take it in many different directions Okay, or into into specific look at those many different directions But then study it into your very specific direction Uh, and that should offer you an edge. Okay, or you will be building an edge like rob is Exactly like rob is doing Okay, he's on the right path Uh rob will see his equity curve build at this point. I'm sure I'm sure you've been seen at rob I don't know if you want to let us know if you or if you want to share any of that Rob is in discord. Yeah, Jay You might want to jump over our discord. Um, we've got uh All sorts of streamers all all day long All right guys, if you like this kind of education, please hit that like button Subscribe to the channel Um, it really makes a big difference for us. It really does because we're we're going over this education in detail Uh, and uh We want to know if uh if you like it If you do, please support it Okay Feedback is important here. So if if it's good stuff, like give us positive feedback, please And um, uh, we'll do more of it Every day we're trying to strive to to offer the highest education that we can in here for it. Uh Weaving order flow or getting more insight by these market mechanics into All of these time frames for you, right? So reading we we started off and I went on this huge diatribe about Uh initial balance, but understanding in terms of market structure Right, it's just another market structure Uh, and that's what we want to understand All right, and then once we understand market structure, we can look at order flow events around the structure And that's where you're going to get your edge Okay, so, uh, yeah, there might be uh, no no word on the on black friday. Uh, we may come up with something. Um I'm I'm not sure Okay, so keep your eyes and ears open though Uh, and uh, we'll um We may offer something All right. All right guys. Well, I gotta go um, if like I said hit the like button That helps us out subscribe to the channel Come to our discord. Uh, check it out. Uh, and it's all free And we're not in there to Spam you or you know, it's not promotional at all. It's just it's just education We don't want to do We want to only provide you with quality education And we do we do the best that we can Uh, there's we know that that just works um for everybody. It's a win-win So why would we try to spam you or promote anything in there? So just just uh, check it out. See see for yourself Uh, and uh, and take it from there guys. Tom B is up next. So, uh, he already started probably five minutes ago He starts at 11 30 east coast time. Uh, so, uh That's the next uh one in line here. Uh, you can talk about initial balance with him Uh, I'm sure he's probably going over that that strategy right now Okay, he's a volume profile trader. Uh, it's one of the things that he looks at All right, and he's looking for the order flow around his initial balance Okay, it's always about the order flow Around some of the strategies and that's where you'll get the edge All right, we'll cover maybe in next time about candlesticks looking at candlesticks and an edge By looking at order flow within the candlestick patterns, you know something like that Thanks guys. Have a great weekend Uh, and we will uh catch up with you on monday. Okay short week next week due to the u.s. holiday No, uh webinars or discord on thursday or friday All right, so uh, we'll have a little bit of a some time off and recharge a little bit on that front Thanks guys. Have a wonderful weekend. Uh, we'll see you next week. Okay. Bye. Bye


నిం్ల నింద్యాట్ట్మ్యాలు పాడిట్దాము కోటాన్నగాలెంర్లం.కివార్పెర్వస్లవార్యానెరోర్దికు. గి టైనిలంచి మబంతింతోని మంతోతోతిం మపింత్త్వాలు ఻డిర్నకాముచ్కిఆ. ఎలృబార్. పికోతోట్తోతోటింతుడ్టరంసి ప్ంత్త్. for Tamil Nadu from 324 combination done through permutation and combination approach. So what they did next is for each weather window 1 to 54 for 109 crops they have identified the weather sensitive stages and also they have identified weather sensitive crops and weather sensitive form operations and accordingly for each weather window they have prepared agro advisories in advance and totally for 109 crops and this exercise done for 54 weather windows. So you estimate the data accumulations so we want to validate this we wanted to validate and the validation was done through already on the media range weather forecast is going on so through that this developed agro advisory was validated and after that we want to put them in the server so a trial run was made with rice crop. So here you could see that this is the stage of the rice crop nursery here the weather window means like a weather window 1 there is no rainfall after weather window 10 carries 0.12 say 30 mm rainfall then in that window we have not considered other that is maximum temperature minimum temperature and your wind speed mean are not considered so we consider only this one and agro advisories was prepared for nursery what it says rainfall received in the past 60 days this is past this is the future weather forecast earlier we have discussed past weather also must be considered past week we had rainfall present week no rainfall is anticipated so rainfall received in past 6 days may be used to puddle the soil for nursery bed preparation to save irrigation water and achieve higher rainfall use efficiency this is very very important see in the presence of the rainfall you save your ground water you save your energy so by that the economically this technology is highly varied and you are going to reduce the cost of cultivation and thereby we increase the profit also this is one of the recommendation for nursery stage I have given for we have developed for different stages another one is a future rainfall is anticipated past week no rainfall presently rainfall is anticipated 0.12 30 mm then recommendations are there the anticipated rainfall may be used for preparing the next nursery see anticipated rainfall rainfall does not come nursery could not be made then in these cases what is your option do not worry we produce media range weather forecast at 70% probability so it may occur definitely in the event may occur definitely so do not worry about all those things do not make any question on that we have some variability that could be solved through some other scientific advantage so here rainfall is there and rainfall there nursery stage different options are given options are different options are given a a means aggro advisory one aggro advisory two like that it is given like that then stage two what is happen the see if the rainfall is there the past present also therefore and then what what has to be done drainage and all those things then nursery rise stage three three to four leaves stage ceiling so maximum temperature is greater than 35.1 degree centigrade with orgage greater than 40% and other elements not considered then in the occurs both the present and past then the prevailing and this weather with high temperature or high relative humidity may result in thrips and jacid at all we were seeing the sucking burst may come so take probiotic actions are pre prevention is better than q like that we have prepared for different stages r4 r5 r6 so we have nine stages of rise so this is the very very important one that we had and what we did was we built these information already I told that the fifty four weather windows were put in the server then again the aggro advisory prepared for each crop were also put in the computer then what we did is we had a trial run for a particular block how it would be done so in the constant block there is one automatic weather station it is sense the weather that prevail over the block and sense the information to the agro climatic research center of Tamil Nadu where the daily data are being stored once is six days data becoming accumulated by using regional climate model they prepare the main range weather forecast for next five days so when the next forecast comes means the server or computer correctly picks what is the weather forecast this weather forecast where it comes to our weather window may be fourteen or may be fifty four so that weather window has been selected based on the weather forecast generated by the computer and once the weather window is selected if you want to give rice you put a print punch rice or cotton then in this stage it rightly gives the your aggro advisory for the constant crop for the constant weather window systems in the meantime the department of people aggregle said department of aggro people they also communicate in the crop stage and present this is load for each crop their location and send to the server directly without any communication mode directly it comes to the server the server considers these present stage the weather forecast and it takes appropriate aggro advisory and communication to the farmers through SMS with the no time loss so this was tested very well and we like to extend to all three hundred and eighty five blocks of Tamil Nadu through automated mode with these I like to close this class it is an interesting type it is a prototype it is an advanced type you can say what is the way forward for these weather advisories weather forecast in agriculture and even aggro advisories in this class we usually do it through human intervention now this is the way forward everything is automated everything is prepared in advance so farmers has developed a confidence and the things will move very nicely there is definitely under present risk protection under under this mode thank you very much


a silver, what do you call it? Cut up the contract. Yeah, we have one of those in the city. Can you point me to where it is?


He who does not desire power is fit to hold it. Oh, I love that. Isn't that interesting? Like the people that like seek it so strongly and make a whole career out of it, there's something wrong with that person that wants that so bad. Fundamentally wrong. We should not let them have it.  Yeah.  And like somebody talking about how narcissistic I am because I said I wanna be a good father. Yeah. What is it?  Like seriously, like first of all we don't have a choice, we're known. Millions of people listen to this show every single year so where there's no getting away from being known so what I wanna be known for is being a good dad.  Like you can do both.  Like really? Like that was not the point of the exercise. That's not the worst comment. The worst comment I've ever saw was one of our old YouTube videos it was me demonstrating an exercise. Weak chest.


Structural stability and vitality are not reliable. Citizen Foresters is a force of specially trained volunteers that have made a commitment to utilize their training in the advancement of community or urban forestry. Citizen Foresters take classes from degree professionals. It's a six month commitment of training. They train one day each month for a full day through 36 hours of classroom and training. Their training includes hands-on planting and pruning, tree identification, the benefits of trees, measuring and inventories, tree farm production and hazard tree awareness. They often do projects that require that specialized training and their opportunities can include training, pruning of young trees on public land, verifying measurements of champion trees that have been nominated, tree inventories in parks and along streets. They can also assist with our tree farm production and oversee other volunteers and they can also give presentations.  Through their contributions of urban forestry, we're able to do a lot more than we could with staff alone.


MRI in finger injuries is a slightly tricky topic but once you have good quality images things become pretty easy. How to obtain good quality images we have already discussed in the previous video on MRI finger anatomy. So, in today's session we will have a quick revision of the finger anatomy. For all those who want to look at the detailed discussion of the MRI finger anatomy you can look at the previous video. After the anatomy we will look at the different mechanisms of injuries of different soft tissue structures followed by abnormal MRI appearances in these finger injuries and last we will look at how to report these injuries. Now this is very important there are certain points that you need to mention in your report which will add value to your report so that it is appreciated by the orthopods and you get an edge above your peers. So in today's session for every injury we will discuss a checklist of the points that you need to mention in your report. So let's begin with the anatomy like any other joint you have OSHA structures, the joint and the cartilage within the joint and you have soft tissue structures. Now since we are predominantly concentrating on MRI appearances of these injuries we will look at the soft tissue injuries in today's session. So soft tissue structures can be divided into three compartments that is the volar, dorsal and lateral compartments. The volar compartment, the first structure is the volar plate which is the deepest structure, superficial to that you have the flexor tendons and then you have the pulleys. In the dorsal compartment there is extensor tendon and superficial to that you have the sagittal band. So actually you have the entire extensor hood but the sagittal band is the most important and lateral compartment you have the radial and the ulnar collateral ligaments. In the tendons you have flexor tendons and extensor tendons. Now there are two flexor tendons, the superficial one is the flexor-digitorum superficialis and then the deeper one is the flexor-digitorum profondus. Whereas in the extensor tendons you have something called extrinsic tendon which arise in the forearm or outside the hand and insert onto the fingers whereas intrinsic tendons are those which arise within the hand and insert onto the fingers. So the extrinsic tendons are extensor-digitorum, extensor-indices, extensor-digitimini, whereas the intrinsic tendons are interocial and the nubrikes. Now let's look at the diagrammatic representation of all these three compartments to understand the anatomy better. So as you can see this is the coronal image of the finger and this is the sagittal image and this is the dorsal aspect and this is the volar aspect. So in the volar compartment the deepest structure is the volar plate which are triangular structures, have a broad base attachment towards the distal, have a distal broad base attachment and a proximal narrow attachment which is by the ligaments called as checkerine ligaments. Then you have the flexor-digitorum superficialis tendon. Now this tendon if you see it splits into two parts and has two separate attachments on the proximal aspect of the middle phalange and if you see this has a tunic fork-shaped appearance. So this splitting into two tendons occurs at the level of the proximal phalange. Then you have the flexor-digitorum profundus tendon. Now this does not split into two, it has a single attachment at the base of the distal phalange and if you see over here, as I told you before the profundus tendon is a deeper tendonus and the superficialis as name suggests is a superficial tendon. But at the level of the mid part of the proximal phalange where the superficialis splits into two slips the profundus passes through the gap between the two slips and becomes superficial. So after the mid part of the proximal phalange the profundus is a superficial tendon whereas superficialis is a deeper tendon and the superficialis will attach to the proximal aspect of middle phalange by two separate attachments whereas the profundus will attach by a single attachment to the base of the distal phalange and overlying these flexor tendons you have the pulleys. Now pulleys are annular and cruciform pulleys but the annular pulleys are more important and they are 5 in number that is A1 to A5 of which the odd number pulleys are at the level of the joints whereas the even number pulleys are at the level of the shafts of the bone. On the dorsal aspect you have the extensor tendon which is this is the extrinsic extensor tendon and of this extensor tendon divides into three slips the central one is the central slip and the two lateral ones are the lateral slips or the lateral bands. The central slip goes and attaches to the base of the middle phalange whereas there are two more tendons that is the intrinsic tendons which come from the intrinsic muscles and they go and merge with the lateral bands to form the con joint tendon. So these are the two con joint tendons now the two con joint tendons merge together to form a single tendon at the level of the distal inter phalangeal joint and they attach to the base of the distal phalange and this is nothing but the terminal extensor tendon and overlying these extensor tendon to support them you have the extensor hood of which the most important is the sagittal band which is at the level of the head of the metacarpal the last is the lateral compartment and it comprises of the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. Finger injuries can be classified in a simple way as per the compartments so the dorsal compartment will consist of extensor tendon injuries and sagittal band injuries the volar compartment comprises of flexor tendon pulleys and volar plate injuries and lateral compartment consists of collateral ligament injuries. First we will look at the extensor tendon injuries now extensor tendon injuries can happen at multiple levels but the common one is at the distal phalangeal base attachment and the middle phalangeal base attachment and these are nothing but the closed tendon injuries so the distal phalangeal base attachment injury is known as the ballet finger or the baseball finger baseball finger because it happens when playing baseball or different other ball games ballet finger because whenever there is a tear of the distal extensor tendon the distal inter phalangeal joint goes into flexion and the appearance is similar to a mallet which is nothing but a hammer. Next is middle phalangeal base attachment a central slip injury and this eventually leads to boutonniere deformity how that happens we will look in the slides ahead. So now the mechanism of mallet finger as I told you that it happens in ball games like basketball and baseball this is a ball and when it comes and hits the tip of the finger the distal phalange is forced into extreme flexion and this results into the tear of the distal extensor tendon. Now when this distal extensor tendon tear is not treated or is not addressed eventually it results into swan neck deformity. So now as you will see whenever there is a distal extensor tendon tear there is flexion at the distal inter phalangeal joint. So there is a flexion at the distal inter phalangeal joint and this exerts tension on the proximal inter phalangeal joint and that joint goes into hyper extension. So swan neck deformity is nothing but hyper flexion at the distal joint and hyper extension at the proximal joint and this will happen if the distal extensor tendon injury is not treated on time. So here you can see this is a normal patient and you can very well see the distal extensor tendon attaching to the base of the distal phalange whereas here you can see that there is a tear of the distal phalangeal base attachment and in fact there is a gap the tendon is retracted and there is a gap of this much between the attachment and the tone end of the tendon. On the actual images this is your volar compartment with the flexor tendons and this is your extensor compartment and you can see the extensor tendon nicely. The central slip is not visualized because it is already attached to the base of the middle phalangeal. So as you go distally you can still appreciate the two lateral slips further you cannot see a tendon on this side and this side also the tendon appears very frimsy and here you cannot appreciate any tendon. So this is at the level of the tendon attachment to the base and you cannot appreciate any tendon that is attaching to the base of the distal phalangeal. This is a normal patient where you can see a jet black tendon that is attaching to the base of the distal phalangeal. So this is a mallet finger and this is a osceus evulsion. So this is also a mallet finger where there is a osceus evulsion at the base of the distal phalangeal. Osceus evulsions are better appreciated on lateral views of the x-rays or on a sagittal view of the CT. So with this we come to something called as extensor tendon zones. Now these zones were made so that whatever the radiologist is reporting and whatever the orthopod is understanding from the report they both are at the same page and hence to simplify our reporting these zones were created. So extensor tendon zones one thing to remember is thumb has a different classification of the zones as compared to the finger the thumb is labeled with T in the beginning. So today we will only discuss the finger zones. The finger zones are 1 to 8 on the extensor compartment and the key to remember is the odd number zones that is 1, 3, 5 and 7 they are at the level of the joints whereas the even number zones that is 2, 4, 6, 8 they are at the level of the shafts of the bone. So you need to mention the zone in which the injury has occurred that is important and you can also mention the zone in which the retracted tendon is lying. So the orthopod can understand exactly what is the gap between the two. Now this is a lateral slip injury and as I told you that along the shafts you have the even number zone and so lateral slip injury is nothing but the zone 2 injury. So here you can see that the lateral slip is intact and here you can see that again there is a disruption and you can see some tendon over here and you can see the other tendon edge on this side. So this is the gap between the torn tendon edge and here now at this level you can appreciate the lateral slip very nicely. Again the central slip has already attached to the base of the middle phallus. As you go distilly you can see that the ulnar lateral slip is intact but the radian lateral slip is not well visualized. So here there is a tear of the radian lateral slip and again distilly you can appreciate both the lateral slips very nicely. With this we come to the central slip injury. Now central slip injuries again they happen when there is a injury along the dosage of the finger but this time at the level of the proximal inter phallus joint or when the proximal inter phallus joint is forced into sudden hyper flexion. So with that there is a central slip tear. Now it is very important to identify the central slip injuries on MRI because often they are difficult to diagnose clinically and why is that so whenever there is a distal extensor tendon injury or mallet finger so whenever there is a complete tear of that tendon there is complete loss of extension at the distal inter phallus joint and that can be easily diagnosed on clinical examination. But with central slip injuries as you can see that the lateral slips are still crossing the proximal inter phallus joint. So the patient only has mild extension lack or extension weakness against resistance which can be difficult to diagnose clinically unless a high suspicion is kept in mind and the patient is actively examined for it. Therefore it is very important for us radiologists to make sure that we report the central slip injuries. Now what happens if the central slip injury is missed? So eventually because of the unopposed action of the flexors the proximal inter phallus joint will go into flexion. The lateral slips will shift more volarly and this will exert a tension on the distal inter phallus joint and as a result the distal inter phallus joint will go into hyper extension. So this is exactly opposite of what we have seen in this one leg deformity. Here the distal joint is in hyper extension whereas the proximal joint is in hyper flexion and this is known as boutonniere deformity. Now central slip injury will be a zone 3 injury because it is at the level of the joint so an odd number and here you can see that this is your normal central slip which is attaching to the base of the middle phallus. Whereas here you can see that there is a complete tear of the central slip injury. There is very minimal attraction in this particular patient. On the actual images again you can appreciate both the lateral slips. So here this is your first lateral slip and this is your second lateral slip. So you can appreciate the lateral slips also and you can also appreciate the central slip. Now as you come distally you can again appreciate the lateral slip. The central slip looks bad. Further distally at the level of the tear you can see that you cannot appreciate a central slip in this particular patient and even at the middle phalangeal base attachment you cannot appreciate a tendon that is attaching to the phallus. But you can see the two lateral slips very nicely. So this is a central slip injury. Now here you can appreciate that the cortex is missing at the base of the middle phallus. So this is nothing but the oceus evulsion at the central slip attachment. And this small bone piece can be appreciated over here. So this is your bone piece which is evalced off from the middle phallus base. And you can see the tendon itself is intact and is attached to the bone piece. And here on the ancient images you will appreciate that there is a defect in the bone and there is a bone piece which is edematous. Now oceus evulsions can be better appreciated on as I told you lateral views of the radiogram and surgical views of the CT. So this is a surgical view of the CT of the same patient where you can see the oceus piece very nicely. Now in this patient you can see that the tendon is very attenuated. It is not a healthy tendon that is attaching to the base of the middle phallus. And if you will see the entire finger this patient has actually started to develop a flexion deformity at the proximal joint and the extension deformity at the distal joint. So this is nothing but central slip injury which has been there for a longer period of time and now has resulted into boutonniere deformity. Now why do you call it as a boutonniere deformity? When you button a shirt the button goes through the shirt and attaches. Similarly you can see assume that the lateral bands are nothing but the hole and the joint is actually button holding through the gap between the lateral bands and hence it is called as boutonniere deformity. Now we look at the entire spectrum of extensive tendon injuries. So this is your normal extensive tendon, the normal attachment, distal, the lateral slips and the normal central slip attachment. This patient has a distal terminal tendon injury. This one has a lateral slip injury but you can see the terminal attachment very nicely. This one you can see the lateral slips and the terminal attachment is good but the central slip is torn. Here there is an osceus evulsion at the central slip attachment and this patient has now started to develop a boutonniere deformity. You can also have osceus evulsions happening at the distal attachment which again will be better seen on a radiograph or a CT. The checklist that you need to use when you're reporting such cases so which tendon is torn, what exactly is the site of injury so you can either give the exact distance from the insertion but more important is to mention the zone in which the injury has occurred whether it's a partial or a full thickness tear, the extent of tendon retraction so you can again describe where the tendon is lying or whether the tone edge of the tendon is lying or you can also mention the zone in which the torn tendon is lying. The exact gap between the two tendons because that is very important for a surgeon to decide the type of surgery that he needs to do. The length of the distal stump in case of zone 1 injuries the tendon quality of the torn end. Again this is very important because if it is a poor quality tendon if the tear is chronic, if the gap is too much the surgeon will not consider tendon repair as the treatment but the surgeon will rather consider tendon transfer. So he needs to know the gap to decide whether you need a surgical management or a conservative management and to decide what kind of surgical management. Again bony avulsion, so you need to mention both the size and the percentage of articular surface involved because a larger articular surface involvement the surgeon will have to use a surgical method as a mode of treatment but if the articular surface involvement or if the auspicious piece is small he can use the conservative management. If there is any associated joint subluxation or if there are any other associated soft tissue injuries. So this is a sample report that you can use whenever you see an extensive tendon injury so full thickness whichever finger is involved extends a digital tendon tear at the insertion of the base of the distal phalanx in zone 1 with retraction of the tendon by 0.5 centimeter so it is nothing but this gap this flimsy black structure that you see that is nothing but the tendon sheath it is not the tendon no distal tendon stump is noted at the insertion and the torn tendon is showing moderate degeneration so this is the healthy tendon which is jet black in color here you can see it is bulky and a bit degenerative so this is the complete report the surgeon knows exactly what needs to be done for this patient now first we look at the flexor tendon injuries and then we look at the other dorsal compartment injuries in flexor tendon injuries the most common is the transaction or the open wound injuries in close flexor tendon injuries the most common is the FTP or the flexor digitorum profanta syndrome it is commonly seen in rugby and football which are nothing but contact spots it is also called as rugby finger because it happens while playing rugby and it is also known as jersey finger not because it was diagnosed in new jersey but because in contact spots like rugby you can see as the sportsman is trying to tackle the jersey of another sportsman there is extreme possible contraction in the forearm and flexion of the fingers to hold the jersey the other sportsman simultaneously is trying to get away as a result of which an opposite force is exerted on the flexed fingers and this results into the FTP injury commonly the ring finger is involved because it is hypothesized that the ring finger is predominantly involved in any grasp so the mechanism of FTP injury is where you can see that the finger is in flexion and a flexion force is exerted simultaneously a opposite hyperextension force is exerted because the player is trying to get away and when this force becomes more the distal enterfalangeal joint goes into extreme hyperextension and results into the FTP tear which is also called as jersey finger now in the FTP injury it is the zoned one injury why we will discuss it in the next few slides so here you can see that the insertion of the tendon is intact but at the level of the middle phalange there is a tear and this is the gap between the torn tendon ends so this superficial tendon is the FTP tendon and the deeper one is the FDS tendon because we are distal to the level of the proximal phalanges on the axial images we can appreciate that the FDS tendon look intact the FTP tendons have a longitudinal split within them and as you go distally you can see the FDS tendons but the FTP tendons are not visualized here you can see the FDS tendon inserting onto the bone you can very well appreciate the pulley but the FTP tendons are missing so in this gap region you can see an empty pulley and then again you can appreciate the FTP tendon with a longitudinal split and the insertion of the FTP tendon is intact so this brings us to the flexor tendon zones which are less in number as compared to the extensor tendon zones and again the thumb zones are separate so in the finger the zone one is up to the FDS insertion zone two is up to the distal parma crease zone three is up to the distal aspect of the or the distal edge of the transverse carpal ligament zone four is the carpal tunnel and zone five is proximal to the transverse carpal ligament so this is the same checklist that we have used for the extensor tendons the same things you also need to report for the flexor tendon next let us look at the flexor tendon transaction injury or the open injury so here you can see that there is complete transaction of both FDS and FTP tendon there is a fluid filled gap between and the gap you can measure the gap like this and you can mention it in the report now on the actual images you can see that as you go from distal to proximal the tendon is visualized then what you can see is the tendon sheet with fluid filled gap within again the same you can see the fluid filled gap and the other tendons look normal so at this level you can see that there is a balled up or a coiled up tendon that is visualized both on the coronal and the asian images now this is important to report because this means that there is extra length to the tendon and this is very important for the surgeon to know normally the surgery involves a repair and whenever there is a large gap bringing the two ends together and suturing will create a lot of tension in the tendon so whenever there is a large gap between the two tendon ends the surgeon would prefer tendon transfer that is he will utilize some other tendon of the body rather than a pure tendon repair but if we mention in the report that there is a balled up tendon the surgeon knows that there is extra length to the tendon than what is visualized and he will consider tendon repair as a form of operation for the patient so this is a zone 2 injury which as we have discussed the injury has happened distal to the distal pama crease level so you can mention the level of injury that it is in the zone 2 you can mention the zone in which the tendon is lying which is zone 3 and the gap between the tendons so this is how we will create a report of this particular patient where you can say that there is a full thickness FDS FTP tear at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint in zone 2 retraction up to zone 3 yielding a gap of 2.7 cm the important thing is to mention that the tendon edge is coiled and that it is showing some degeneration and the distal tendon edge is looking healthy next we look at the sagittal band injury so it occurs at the metacarpophalangeal joint the mechanism is where there is a direct blow along the dorsal aspect of the MCP joint or the MCP joint goes into sudden hyperflexion complete tears will result into extensive tendon dislocations and important thing to keep in mind is that the tendon dislocates to the opposite side so if you see this is your extensor tendon these are the two sagittal bands which on the volar aspect go and attach to the volar plate so whenever there is a tear of the sagittal band the other sagittal band has an unimposed effect and it pulls the tendon towards itself so the tendon dislocation happens on the opposite side just like what you see in a stroke patient where the mouth deviates to the opposite side so here at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint you can see that this sagittal band which is the radial sagittal band is normal and the ulnar sagittal band you see it is not completely torn but it has an intermediate grade injury where the band itself is thickened hyper intense signal is there within it and there is soft tissue edema around it so whenever you see a complete fluid signal you know that it is a complete tear rest you can grade it into low intermediate and high grade injuries depending upon the appearance and eyeballing so what things you need to mention in the report which band is involved the grade of injury is there any extensor tendon subluxation or dislocation what is the status of the tendon itself whether it is torn, longitudinal splits or tendonosis and what are the other soft tissue injuries next we come to pulley injuries so A2 and A4 pulley which are along the shaft of the bone they are the most prone to injuries A2 pulley injury is particularly more common in rock climbers and therefore it is also called as a rock climber finger so whenever the PIP joint goes into extreme flexion it puts a lot of load on the A2 pulley before we discuss the mechanism let's look at the job of the pulley so the job of the pulley is to keep the tendon in opposition with the bone when the finger goes into flexion so whenever there is one pulley injury the tendon would still remain close to the bone because the other pulleys are intact but when multiple pulleys are injured what happens is bow stringing where the gap between the tendon and the underlying bone so this gap increases and this is called as bow stringing and you can label it bow stringing when the gap becomes more than 3 millimeters so let's discuss because I have a short discussion on the grip that I use in rock climbing so open hand grip where the PIP joint is not much in flexion this is the most preferred grip but sometimes the rock climber needs to use a full grip grip in order to put extra load on the fingers so whenever you want to use the full grip grip always try to use the thumb opposition because whenever you oppose the thumb on the fingers the amount of tension that is exerted on the tendons and the pulleys is reduced and hence the chances of pulley injuries are less as compared to only full grip grip so for all the rock climbers out there and for all the people who are interested in rock climbing make sure you use the open hand grip or the full grip grip with thumb opposed not just the full grip grip next is these are the sagittal images of the MRI where you can see that there is a pulley injury and there is resultant bow stringing so here this is the gap this gap is increased and on actual images what you will appreciate is here this is the level of the A2 pulley so you can see the proximal aspect of A2 pulley is thickened but not completely toned but there is some increase in the gap as you go distilly you can see that there is a complete tear of the A2 pulley here also there is a complete tear of the A2 pulley and there is marked increase in the gap between the bone and the tendons at the level of the A3 pulley so now you are at the level of the joint you can see that again there is a larger gap and the bone is and the pulleys are toned A4 pulley you can appreciate that the pulley is not completely toned but it is a high grade injury so this particular patient three pulleys are injured and it has resulted into bow stringing now in this patient there was an isolated A2 pulley injury where the pulley was not completely toned but it had a high grade injury and what you see is that there is minimal increase in gap between the bone and the tendons and there is no bow stringing against the previous patient where you can see that the gap is way much and this is nothing but bow stringing so you need to mention the pulleys which are involved with what grade of injury it is whether there is bow stringing or not status of the flexed tendons themselves and what are the other associated soft tissue injuries next we come to Volare plate injuries the Volare plate injuries are more common at the distal broad base attachment of the pulley the proximal attachment is by the slender checkering ligaments and injury of the proximal attachment is less common again you can grade the injuries into low grade injuries partial tear, complete tear and another thing is nauseous evulsions important thing to keep in mind is Volare plate injuries can be associated with fracture dislocations and most commonly they involve the proximal interferogen joint so mechanism this is the sagittal view of the finger and these are the volare plates so whenever there is a hyper extension injury that happens at the joint it will result into a Volare plate injury now this patient you can see that there is nauseous evulsion at the base of the middle phallic at the attachment of the Volare plate so the plate is well attached to this nauseous piece and there is an nauseous evulsion another thing to keep to see is that there is a dorsal subluxation at the proximal interferogen joint so as I told you that subluxations and dislocations are common with Volare plate injuries this is a Volare plate nauseous evulsion is another patient and again nauseous evulsions are better visualized on natural radiographs and sagittal CT views and in this patient you can see that there is a high grade or a near full signal stare at the distal attachment of the Volare plate even the proximal attachment is not looking good and if you see the Volare plate itself is bulky with a lot of hyper intense signal with it there is a Volare plate injury without any nauseous evulsion so now the question that you need to answer is which joint Volare plate is involved whether it is the distal or the proximal attachment in case of nauseous evulsion you need to mention the size and the percentage of the particular surface involved this is important because whenever there is a fracture involving more than 30-40% of the particular surface and when the collateral ligaments are attached to the broken nauseous piece or the broken bone piece it is called as an unstable injury now why do you need to differentiate between stable and unstable because stable injuries usually patients undergo a conservative management whereas unstable injuries usually require a surgical management so the surgeon needs to know if the injury is unstable similarly as I told you that the dislocation and subluxation are common if there is a dislocation you need to mention if the Volare plate is entrapped in the joint space because if there is any soft tissue within the joint space you cannot relocate the joint by just conservative management because the soft tissue will be a hindrance and hence these dislocations also called as complex dislocations require surgical management and lastly you need to mention the other soft tissue injuries mainly the collateral ligament injuries collateral ligament injuries happen with valgus or varus loading forces again you can grade them into different depending upon the grade of injury and you also in this case need to look for if there is any interposition of the ligament within the joint so the mechanism is a varus or a valgus loading force so if the force is directed on this side there is increased tension on these ligaments and if the force is directed on this side there is increased tension on these ligaments so whenever there is an increased valgus or a varus force it will result into tear of the collateral ligament now here this is a patient who had a high grade proximal collateral ligament attachment injury so there are some fibres which are attaching to the bone so it is not a complete tear but it is a high grade injury and also there is underlying bone against this patient you can see that there is a full thickness tear at the distal attachment of the collateral ligament so you can see that this is as much like a fluid signal so you can compare the fluid with the joint and if you see a fluid signal you know that it is a complete tear so it is always important to know the mechanism of injury for any structure and you can even classify the finger injury based on the mechanism of injury this particular indication is critically more important because if you know what was the mechanism of injury or what sport the patient was playing you know which structures to look at so hyper flexion injuries result into extensor tendon and surgical band injuries hyper extension injuries involve more the volar compartment which is the flexor injuries the pulley injury and the volar plate injury the varus and valgus loading injuries will affect the collateral ligament transaction injuries are nothing but open wound injuries and in that multiple structures can be involved depending upon the site of injury and the last thing is the axial loading injuries which result into dislocations whenever there is an added rotatory force or an x-axis force to it and for those which have a pure y-axis force it will result into something called a spelon fracture which is a split fracture that happens at the base of the phallus usually the middle phallus because the underlying bone is trying to insert into the phallus so what are the key take away points how can you add value to your report by mentioning which soft tissue structures are injured and by helping the orthopedic deciding what should be the further line of management that is conservative or surgical and for this few important points which will help you routinely but they are not a rule it is not applicable in all conditions but on an average whenever you see a large articular surface or shear evolution retracted tendon tears chronic injuries where the tissue has been scarred there is a lot of degeneration and for dislocations where there is soft tissue interposition in the joint space which is nothing but a complex dislocation these injuries will usually require a surgical management so it is very important to mention these points in your reports but again this is not a rule if you have any queries you can ask your questions in the comment section below or you can also mail me your queries this is my email id thank you so much


Heath, congratulations, professional contract signed, how does it feel? I'm delighted to be here, just looking forward to kicking off the scene now because I get to the first team so I can get a couple of minutes in the season. We know you're a goalkeeper, how has pre-season training been so far? We know you've been involved in the first two. I've been really good really, I've been liked to see in like, Doyle and Harry, it's been good to train with them and just see how it's going. I guess being in a professional environment as well as a first team environment and working with the likes of, like you say, Harry Lewis, Colin Doyle has really brought you on already in the first week or so. Yeah, it's helped me just watching them, it shows you how much you need to improve and get to that standard helps a lot, just trying to improve and just get to where you need to be in the future really. Talk us through your journey of Rapid City so far, we know you joined around about last year, what's it been like since then? It's been really good, the lads were really good when I came in and ever since then we've just kicked on and won a lot of games and then just seeing how it's gone and you can tell how everyone's got on because we've got so many contracts given out so everyone's still liking it. Part of the successful season as well in the youth team last year just talk us through that, how enjoyable it was to be a part of. I was really enjoyable just because of the fact I didn't stop winning really so ever since I came in it's not been too difficult for me so it's been really good. How much experience do you think you've taken from that as a goalkeeper as a part of a team that's winning, you know, a lot of matches and getting into that sort of pattern, that routine and that mentality of what it's like to engage, it must help you. Yeah it's been really helpful and when you start winning obviously you want to keep going and get more wins and just the desire to win is more and more so leading to the first team it'll help me a lot. You mentioned the fact that there's a lot of professional contracts being handed out how much encouragement do you think that gives younger players looking at, you know, growing up through our academy and hopefully earning professional contracts themselves it's a good place to be at them isn't it? Yeah, I should give them a lot of confidence coming through just so they can look at what's going on and they can kick on and try and get professional contracts a lot. You mentioned Charlie Wood as well, I guess good to be sharing that first team training pitch so far with a familiar face. Yeah it's nice to know a familiar face, let you know someone that you can speak to and just get along with while you're trying to settle into the team a bit more. How are you settling into the team? You mentioned the environment around the squad and the banter maybe that you shared around the training pitch enjoying it in that sense. It's been really good, the lads have been good to me they're all trying to chat to you and just get to know you a bit more. It's been nice to just speak to some of the lads a bit more to get to know them a bit more. And the gaffer as well my views, I guess working under somebody like that who's achieved what he has in the game is the huge plus point for you at such a young age. Yeah it's been someone who's been at the highest level and actually played to such a high degree in the game so it's good to see how he can teach me and develop me a bit more. How much are you looking forward to the next year like to say it's a big one for you in terms of your development versus a professional footballer but one I guess you're looking forward to. Yeah I'm really looking forward to it just seeing how I can kick on and hopefully get another contract to go here next year. I guess it's a learning experience as well and the learning that you will do picking up from Colin and picking up from Harry is as valuable as anything else. When you've got keepers who've played at that level it's good to try and pick off them and see what they can do to help you improve your game. So working with those two have played at a really good level anyway is obviously helpful for me to see how I can improve.


This monstrosity is Royal Caribbean's massive cruise ship icon of the seas. It is the world's largest cruise ship at over 360 meters, or 1,000 feet long, has a whopping 40 restaurants, bars, and lounges on board, six water slides, and even a 55-foot waterfall for some reason. A Royal Caribbean spokesperson claimed that the icon is designed to operate 24% more efficiently. But the thing is that international maritime organization came out with new rules last summer that said that we needed to be operating 30% more efficiently than baseline, so they're already 6% behind. And this kind of LNG ship leaks methane out of the engine blocks, out of pipes, out of corners, and we know that those leaks are not necessarily accounted for. So not only are we behind where this ship should be, it's probably even worse than that. Cruise Lines International Association, cruise ship passengers are going to hit 36 million people this year. This means that we need to be taking the climate and environmental impacts of this industry very seriously. That's why we need you to take action. Link in bio. Follow for more.