police unions across the country are essentially going to war in order to stop vaccine mandates from applying to police officers and vice news has a report that is depressing but really not surprising in the slightest so Trone doubt reports more US cops have died in the last year from COVID-19 than any other cause But they're still not getting vaccinated In fact, they're suing to avoid it as cities around the country have begun to mandate vaccinations Powerful unions like those in New York, Illinois and Ohio say they're ready to fight the policies in court And some have already filed the paperwork law enforcement leaders aren't necessarily against the vaccine But argue the mandates impede on officers right to make medical decisions for themselves Especially as members of unions are entitled to bargain for their conditions of employment the law However, may not be on their side courts have already struck down some of the legal challenges ultimately forcing officers to get the life-saving shot Oh, no Patrick Lynch the president of New York's largest police union the police benevolent Association Said he's ready to file a lawsuit when the mayor's vaccine mandate is set to take effect late this month right now The NYPD's vaccination rate is hovering at around 47 percent That is terrible Chicago's fraternal order of police president John Katanzaro Also alluded to legal action in a bizarre statement to the Chicago Sun Times quote We're in America. God damn it Katanzaro told the outlet We don't want to be forced to do anything period This ain't Nazi fucking Germany three-quarters of officers in Chicago weren't vaccinated as of May and cops in Wayne, New Jersey Briefly halted the police department's mandate because of a lawsuit filed by the local union But a state arbiter ruled this week that the township was within its right to enforce the mandate Many of these unions aren't against the vaccine itself But they're determined to protect their members right to make their own medical decisions Lynch For example successfully lobbied earlier this year to make the vaccine available to NYPD officers first in Dayton, Ohio Where city workers are being asked to either get vaccinated by September 20th or be subject to weekly tests The fraternal order of police said it's prepared to file a lawsuit against the city because it believes officers shouldn't have to foot the bill for testing And Tucson the police officers Association said the city's mandate simply interferes with an officer's extremely complicated and deeply personal decision Over the vaccine according to a Facebook post from last month Now it's weird to me that all of these police unions are making the same argument Well, look, we just want to protect union members right to personal medical Autonomy Except when it comes to a public health crisis a global pandemic you choosing to not get vaccinated That's not an individual choice your individual quote-unquote choice here affects the entire health of the community When we're talking about highly transmissible diseases like COVID-19 and the Delta variant I mean if you choose to not get vaccinated I mean you having to go to a hospital taking up an ICU bed That's in limited supply currently that affects everyone in your community So this isn't some personal decision, but the union, you know, they're just looking out for their members Originally, they tried to give their police officers access to these vaccines immediately before anyone else And now they're trying to make sure that police officers can choose to opt out of these vaccine mandates But let me just say something real quick since we're talking about police officer unions When I talk about unionization on the left and the need for unionization in order to enhance the rights that Workers have in the United States. I'm absolutely excluding police unions Police unions are bad. They're way too powerful and we need to bust up police unions I am a union buster when it comes to police unions when it comes to Unionization across the board for workers and construction and retail and fast food I think that every single worker in the United States should have a union when it comes to police officers We got to break that up because these unions are absolutely tyrannical And I think it's part of the reason why so many cities are almost afraid of their police department. I mean these These departments, they're supposed to serve their communities But it seems like they're a little mini Dictatorships who's lording over who they believe to be subjects. I mean look at Bill de Blasio You know during black lives matter when he was sucking up to police officers like he was totally whipped by them so This is like this is unacceptable. Their argument is absolutely absurd and police unions are absolutely tyrannical Having said that though the good news the silver lining here is that I don't think that there's much Of an argument to be made illegally here. I think that mostly these claims these lawsuits are going to fail So they're trying to use the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 Which basically it says that these union members they have the right to negotiate the terms of their employment, right and choosing to Institute a mask or excuse me a vaccine mandate that leads to them Losing their employment or their employment status getting terminated that obviously violates that except when it comes to a Pandemic and viruses and vaccine mandates the law actually It's pretty clear and these vaccine mandates aren't new in the United States contrary to popular belief So legally it seems like this is doomed to fail in 1905 when smallpox was still a threat to the American public the Supreme Court definitively decided that states have the authority to enforce Vaccination laws as they see fit the decision declared that a recently passed Cambridge, Massachusetts law which made turning down the vaccine a Finable offense was constitutional the case Jacobson versus Massachusetts has already been cited in a US 7th Court of Appeals case earlier this month Ryan Klassen et al. Versus the University of Indiana that challenged vaccine mandates when eight students attending the University of Indiana Filed a federal lawsuit against the school in June for mandating vaccines unless exempt for medical or religious reasons The court decided that the institution was within its right to require vaccination against COVID-19 Because of the rules established in the 1905 case for one the University made an accommodating policy for those who don't want to get Vaccinated regular testing and a mask mandate The judge also ruled that the right of institutions of learning to enforce their own rules of safety is well-established quote health exams and Vaccinations against other diseases are common requirements of higher education the decision reads Vaccinations protect not only the vaccinated persons But also those who come into contact with them and at a university close contact is inevitable a federal judge in Arizona last month struck Down a legal challenge just days after the Tucson Police Officers Association Filed a lawsuit over the county's vaccine mandate the judge ruled that while getting vaccinated is a personal choice The union failed to show how the mandate harms employees without some sort of exemption and so what I'm anticipating here with these cases is that You know, they're going to apply the same standard that they applied to schools here to these Police vaccine mandates, which is good. I think that police officers should be required to be vaccinated Having an anti-vaxxer on the police force is a little bit worrying. Is it not? I mean, these are people who are supposed to protect their communities in theory right in theory not necessarily in practice But in theory so the fact that they're these like far right anti-vaxx Extremists is really worrying and so if they don't want to get the vaccine and they end up quitting because of it Adios, I think that's perfectly fine I think that's a good result as many anti-vaxxers as we can weed out of police forces out of healthcare I think that is a net good for society these people do not belong in these sectors where they serve the public if they're refusing to take a vaccine that will reduce This devastating virus that is ravaging communities So I anticipate them to kind of use the same logic here As they did in the university case as I stated But one thing that I kind of fear even if right now it seems as if this is legally doomed to fail is that in the event One of these cases gets appealed all the way to the Supreme Court Well, we have a far right Conservative supermajority on the Supreme Court so they can easily overturn the president of former cases where they found You know a standard for vaccine mandates So who knows we'll have to wait and see but the mere fact that this is happening like the fact that police officers are protesting vaccine mandates and they're going to their unions to try to stop vaccine mandates It's truly like it says so much about them. Does it not? Anyone who refuses this life-saving vaccine that people in other countries are desperate to take it goes to show you that they're just They're not good people. They're misinformed and they're reactionary and Sometimes you have to compel people to do things that are good for the health of their community And this is no different here vaccine mandates are good Not just good for police officers, but good for every single job in America because I don't believe that workers in America Should be dealing with Non-stop plague and disease so vaccine mandates protect workers and if you don't support vaccine mandates, you don't support workers So yeah, I'll leave that there


The Marine Corps' reawakening, remembering the bay route bombings, and a captain faces charges of negligence. All that and more coming up next on The Corps Report. Welcome to The Corps Report. I'm Lance Corporal Ali by Swinger. And I'm Sergeant Jimmy D. Shea. The commandant of the Marine Corps and the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps released a letter last week calling upon all Corporals and Sergeants to help with the Corps' reawakening. The reawakening is not meant to imply the Corps has been asleep, but rather as we transition from more than a decade of combat, we must reset and prepare for future battles. And I'll admit, when I first read the letter, it upset me. I thought NCOs were being singled out. But the Corps is asking for accountability and responsibility from all ranks. The discipline and customs of the Marine Corps rest on the shoulders of NCOs. We're in charge of more than 83 percent of Marines. In their letter, the commandant and Sergeant Major said, Discipline today leads to victory tomorrow. You truly are strategic Corporals and Sergeants. We want your feedback on the letter. Read it in its entirety in the link in the video description. Write it below or film a video response. We'll do our best to bring your questions and concerns to senior leadership for response. On October 23, 1983, a truck carrying 2,000 pounds of explosives crashed into a Marine barracks in Beirut, Lebanon. More than 240 service members were killed, including 220 Marines, making the bombing the most deadly attack against Marines since Iwo Jima in 1945. U.S. forces were on a peacekeeping mission with international forces when the attack occurred. Click the link in the video description to check out the Marine's blog for a firsthand account from a Beirut bombing survivor. The Marine officer in charge of the scout sniper team responsible for the 2011 year nation video was recommended for separation from the Marine Corps with an honorable discharge. Captain James Clement faced charges like substandard performance of duty and misconduct. Clement was found negligent in correcting his Marines during a patrol in Afghanistan in which they defaced civilian property and engaged in unsafe behavior. The recommendation will be forwarded to the Secretary of the Navy for full review. This Sunday, 30,000 runners will gather in Washington, D.C. for the 38th annual Marine Corps Marathon. We will provide live social media coverage of the event, including photos on both Twitter and Instagram. Will you be there cheering on someone? Show us. Submit your pictures and videos to hashtag 38thMCM. Remember, you can catch up on everything else going on in the Corps by logging on to our official social media sites at YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Pinterest and Instagram. Those links are in our video description. Thanks for watching guys. We'll see you next week right here on the Corps Report.


Income tax 2023-2024. Inventory, uniform capitalization rules and changes in accounting method.  Most of this information can be found in publication 3-3-4 tax guide for small business for individuals who use Schedule C tax year 2023, which you can find on the IRS website at iris.gov, iris.gov. Looking at the income tax formula, the first half of the income tax formula basically being a funny income statement. Most income statements having income minus expenses resulting in net income, here having income minus various deductions resulting in taxable income. This sole proprietorship Schedule C rolling into line one income, which is a little funny because the Schedule C itself is also an income statement in essence having business income minus business expenses which you could call business deductions resulting in essence in net business income rolling in from the Schedule C to line one income on the income tax formula representing the formula on the form 1040. Just being the first page of a form 1040, the Schedule C ultimately rolling into line number eight additional income from Schedule 1. This is the Schedule 1 additional income and adjustments. First a word from our sponsor. If you would like a commercial free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com to income plus income. Part one where the Schedule C rolls into line three business income or loss from the Schedule C here is a Schedule C profit or loss from business having the P and L profit and loss or income statement format of an income minus expenses. So continuing on with our discussion of accounting methods given the fact that the Schedule C is of course a type of financial statement in essence basically an income statement as opposed to the other major type of financial statement. The balance sheet and it is representing performance over a time frame. Therefore we need to have some kind of accounting that we're going to be doing in order to guide us in terms of how we're going to be putting the income statement together. Our regulations come from the tax code but of course the tax code might be deferring to standard kind of accounting regulations and authorities. The primary two types of methods we use cash method and accrual method or possibly some kind of hybrid between them. Noting that the major things that would push us from going from a cash method the easier method typically to an accrual method are when our business our industry have accrual type of things we need to deal with such as inventory because it's going to go on the books as an asset. Specifically when we purchase it which is a deviation from a cash based accounting thing to do and when we buy large things like property plants and equipment. In that case even if on a cash based system we would have to put it on the books basically as a balance sheet or on the tax return as a depreciable asset allocating the cost in accordance with the depreciation rules that also being a deviation from a cash based system. Alright so uniform capitalization rules under the uniform capitalization rules you must capitalize the direct cost and part of the indirect cost for production or resale activities. So when we think about capitalization in this context what we're talking about typically is putting something on the books rather than as an expense as an asset. In other words usually when we buy things when we're thinking about our accounting process when the money is going out of our checking account it's because we're purchasing things and normally we just expense them when we pay for them such as the utility bill the phone bill supplies for example. But we have some of those things usually the large purchases and then the inventory where when we purchase them the money goes out and we instead of expensing them put them on the books as an asset we can call that basically capitalizing them putting them on the books as an asset. And they're on the books as an asset because we're not getting the consumption of them that's helping us to generate revenue in the current period but rather we're in basically investing in something we're investing in the inventory we're investing in the property planting equipment that depreciable assets which will help us to generate revenue into the future therefore under an accrual method we would want to be expensing them as we consume them rather than when the cash was paid for them. So include these costs and the basis of property you produce or acquire for resale rather than claiming them as a current deduction so rather than expensing them we have to put them on the books in essence as an asset and then expense them in the future in the form of depreciation for fixed assets or in the form of cost of goods sold for the inventory. You recover the costs through depreciation amortization or cost of goods sold when you use sell or otherwise dispose of the property. So if it's inventory we buy it we typically put it on the books as an asset inventory then we get the expense when we sell it in the form of cost of goods sold. If it's a depreciable property we put it on the books as equipment or something like that an asset then we get the expense when we depreciate it. Amortization would be intangible things that have a similar capacity or process as with tangible depreciable property amortizing them over the useful life instead of depreciating them same concept though. Activity subject to the uniform capitalization rules you may be subject to the uniform capitalization rules if you do any of the following unless the property is produced for your use other than in a business or an activity carried on for profit. So produce real or tangible personal property for this purpose tangible personal property includes film sound recording videotape book or similar property acquire property for resale. So if we're producing something you would think that as we produce it we're producing it in order to sell it so it might be something that would be capitalized basically as inventory if we acquire something then clearly it's going to be inventory because we purchased it in order to sell it in the future. And the idea there being that instead of expensing it at the point in time we purchase it or expensing it as the point in time that we consume costs in order to make the thing that we're making we're basically making the inventory or the thing that we're going to sell. We're instead going to put it on the books as an asset and then expense it when we sell it in the form of cost of goods sold you would think exceptions these rules do not apply to the following. So we always have that small business taxpayers to find earlier under inventories where we might have an exception so inventories once again an area that could cause us problems forcing us to deviate from a cash basis to an accrual basis. However there could be some exceptions therefore especially for small businesses when you're dealing with inventory you want to think pretty well in depth about how exactly is my business going to work logistically and what is going to be the tax basis that would be best for me. And not only in the current year but also kind of thinking forward in terms of is this going to lead me to have to change my accounting method in the future which is kind of a pain. And we have to ask permission for typically or follow certain rules to do so and we'd like to make it as easy as possible being consistent if we can property you produce in your indirect cost of producing the property are $200,000 or less. So special methods there are special methods of accounting for certain items of income or expense these include the following amortization discussed in chapter seven. So we'll get into like depreciation and types of assets later and then of course amortization are going to follow their own kind of rules which are basically separate from what you might expect. You might expect the tax code to say hey we'll just default to accounting principles generally accepted accounting principles and they kind of do that. But then they deviate from that for other reasons which are probably lobbying type reasons and so on where they're trying to accelerate the depreciation methods. Therefore the depreciation rules that we go to for taxes may differ than normal best practices for accounting and that's another area where things get a bit messy. So bad debts discussed under topic number four five three bad debt deduction. We might talk about that later. Depletion discussed in chapter seven of publication two to five. So depletion is kind of a special area that might be in certain types of industry. So for example if you have an oil well or something like that. Well now you you don't just have a building that's going to depreciate over time. You have an asset that you have to estimate you would think how much is there how much oil is under the crown. What's the value of it and then obviously you should be able if you were able to have the knowledge of how much was there. You can then calculate as you as you extract it you know how much has been depleted and so on and so forth and that valuation. So that would be a special area. A depreciation discussed in publication nine four six how to depreciate property. Now many small businesses if you are a like a gig worker or something you might not have a whole lot of property that you have to deal with depreciation with. And these days you might be able to depreciate most of it in the year that you buy it like microphones and stuff of your YouTuber or something because of the special rules for accelerated depreciation that could come in place. But depreciation typically is something that affects more small businesses meaning if you buy larger pieces of equipment you're going to have to deal with depreciation. Depreciation causes all kinds of problems because it's more complicated than simply a cashed based system. We have to track all the records for the depreciation and then it really kind of becomes a problem when we dispose of property or sell property because then we have to deal with the adjusted costs. We have to deal with the fact that we depreciated part of it. Is there any difference in the type of tax rates in terms of capital gains versus ordinary income when we sell it and those kind of questions come up with regards to depreciation. So it's often even for small businesses kind of an area of complication. There's also could be differences between depreciation methods for taxes versus bookkeeping which we talked about earlier in terms of best practices for bookkeeping versus what the tax code says we need to do according to the tax code. So we'll talk about depreciation in some detail later although again depreciation is a place that you can dive into for some time. So installment sales discussed in publication 537 installment sales. So that's a type of sales structure that could be set up and there could be special rules with regards to installment sales which again would be somewhat of a unusual situation but not that unusual that those types of sales could come up and then how would you recognize revenue within them. Long term contract methods of accounting see section 460. So if we have a long term contract again the long term contracts could complicate things like revenue revenue generation principles and some industries that are engaged in them could be specialized areas. So like construction for example might be an area of specialization due to differences in accounting methods and therefore tax treatment often as well. So change in accounting method. Once you have set your accounting method you must generally get IRS approval before you can change to another method a change in your accounting method includes a change in number one. The overall method such is such as from cash to an accrual method. So one of the core concepts of accounting in general is consistency is because we want to be able to make comparisons year over year. So when we think of accounting we're typically thinking internal decision making from management as well as external decision making for people like investors who are using financial statements to try to invest in like stocks stocks. For example so that in that case I want comparable performance statements year over year consistency in the company so I can compare year over year as well as consistency across companies so we can compare one company to another. So if we choose one method and then we were able to change it all the time then the tax code for taxes. You would think that people would use that manipulation to change the cut off dates to try to reduce taxes. Obviously the IRS is not going to like that and therefore you're going to need to keep a particular method unless there's a rationale for it in which case you have to get approval by the IRS. Now with a cash to an accrual method you can imagine the IRS might be OK with that in some cases because you're usually going to a more complex method. And sometimes you might need to such as if you didn't have inventory before and now you do have inventory or you were small business before and you've grown to a larger business. And now you need to track your inventory in a more specific way for whatever reason. So there are rationales when it could happen but you're going to get approval for it or need approval. And what you really want to make sure that you do is not mess up the first schedule C and choose the wrong accounting method in which case you need to change the accounting method. Not because you've grown not because you've changed the type of business not because you've included inventory but because you messed up. And that could end up being a problem. You might be able to you know you could try to amend the prior return or something like that. But again you want to avoid that problem to your treatment of any material items. So when we think about material we're not talking about like a physical thing you can touch. We're talking about it has a tang it has a impact on decision making or the amount of tax that's going to be paid. It's not in material with regards to the taxes and the taxes that will be paid. So to get approval you must file form 3 1 1 5. So what if I want to change my method. I have to get approval we got form 3 1 1 5. You can get IRS approval to change and accounting method under either the automatic change procedures or the advanced consent request procedures. You may have to pay a user fee and that's always not fun to pay a fee. But that's part of the process for more information you can see instructions for form 3 1 1 5. So if you need to make that change IRS website take a look at the form 3 1 1 5 and the related instructions for it. Automatic change procedures what's it look like certain taxpayers can presume to have IRS approval to change their method of accounting. The approval is granted for the tax year for which the taxpayer requests a change year of change if the taxpayer complies with provisions of the automatic change procedures. So obviously one of the issues with making these changes is the time it takes to get approval which can be a stressful type of process and you have to do some accounting basically in the meantime. So you would like to possibly able to qualify for the automatic change procedure so you can basically assume that the change will be accepted right. Because if it's not accepted and then you made the change in your bookkeeping has changed and so on and so forth and then they reject it. And then you have to appeal it or whatever is going to go on that's going to cause havoc to your bookkeeping and tax preparation. So no user fee is required for an application filed under an automatic change procedure generally covered in revenue procedure 2015-13 2015 5 IRB 419 which is available at the IRS website. Generally you must file form 3 1 1 5 to request an automatic change again for more information. See the instructions for form 3 1 1 5 which you can find on the IRS website iris.gov iris.gov.


Dear students, now we are going to talk about eGovernance. eGovernance is the integration of information communication technology into the government system to make the working processes efficient, accessible, and convenient. eGovernance can be defined as delivery of government services and information to the public by using information and communication technologies. eGovernance has evolved as an informative age model of governance that seeks to realize processes and structures for harnessing the potentialities of the ICTs at various levels of government and the public sector and beyond for the purpose of enhancing good governance. So, when we talk about eGovernance, what is its agenda? The basic agenda of eGovernance is that you have to correct the model of your governance and you have to make governance transparent and transform governance into good governance. And that is why we see that eGovernance is being opt-out across the world and such platforms are being created by government institutions and such portals are being made by government institutions through which a lot of barriers are being reduced and a lot of services are becoming easier for citizens to access. When we talk about the eGovernance services, it can be categorized into the three themes. The first theme is government to government services. So, government to government eGovernance involves sharing data and conducting exchanges based on their electronic systems, both upwards and downwards between governmental actors. So, the systems developed by which a central database is generated are called government to government eGovernance. Government to citizen eGovernance services. Government to citizen eGovernance services initiates initiative use dissemination tools such as websites or kiosks to enhance public access to certain information. In this, we see that you can take information from different governmental departments through their website, through their apps, or you can engage in them. For example, in a recent example, when this coronavirus came, the government created a COVID-19 app on which you could see the daily basis of COVID-19 updates and your area is safe zone or not. Similarly, there is another example of the Pakistan Railway application on which you can track which train is late, which is on time, or you can book tickets. So, in this way, we call government to citizen services. Government to business services. The government to business services sector includes commercial interaction in terms of sale of products from state-owned units to the public as well as the disbursement of services. All the services that are made for your business sectors or provided to them are called government to business services. So, these are the three major categories of government to government, government to citizen or government to business services involved. Along with this, we will see a model of United Nations in which it is explained what are the stages of services. The first stage of service is emerging information services. In this stage, e-government website provides strategic information. The second stage is enhanced information services. In this stage, the presence is enhanced with one or multiple or simple two-way communication. In this, you can have the source of interaction through which you can ask the relevant government institute whether you need this information or they provide you with that information. The third stage is transactional service. In this stage, a two-way interaction with citizen is possible. The fourth stage is connected services. In this stage, websites are proactive in requesting citizens feedback via web 2.0 tools. Government agencies are citizen-centric and services are customer-centric. So, these services come to this level and become purely citizen-centric. And they are so enabled that they are providing you with different types of data lively. So, this was the concept of e-governance, its categories and its stages.


Yeah, good point there. It's just occurred to me that we kind of alluded to very quickly about pre-election seasonality We're going into stock share typically weaker in September compared to even August So you know weaker PMIs possibly a more hawkish-fed all the narratives We just spoke about and if history suggests that this is going to be the case Then do you expect more sloppiness going into September possibly even October? Yeah, so and so seasonality is interesting right and I tend to think of it as sort of your base case Right the season seasonal trends tell you average movements and the tendencies that tend to play out Which are pretty well documented and they're and they're pretty consistent, right? I mean there are just there are times of the year which tend to be stronger or weaker In a pre-election year after a mid-term election year that has followed the seasonality so well I'm tending to think a lot more about the seasonal trends and focus on the reality there In a mid-term election year like 2022 usually have a week summer into a Significant bottom in October which is pretty much what we have last year and then a nice rally at your end in a pre-election You're the first half of the year actually tends to be quite strong Which we certainly have seen so far in 23 then the second half the year actually tends to be a lot murkier Particularly after a strong August usually have a week August and an even weaker September So the fact that we've peaked in July and now started the week in August It's just it's playing so brilliantly using that pre-election year playbook Which you have to remember is the fourth quarter is where you usually have a nice a nice improvement So, you know the average year is pretty strong going into that holiday season and the pre-election year no different So the idea sort of the base case that we would have a peak in the summer June July A week or August and September setting up a fall low and then a nice rally into your end I think makes a ton of sense the the challenge I would say for an equity investor is where do we actually end up? And I don't I wouldn't be surprised if August and September pull us down a bit I mean s and p 4200 is kind of that the downside target that I'm focusing on for here I don't think that's an unreasonable target given the deterioration They've seen that we sort of a continuation of the move we've seen so far and maybe a parallel drop to what we've seen So far in August, but that could set us up for a really nice rally into your end I wouldn't I don't know if we necessarily would make new highs, but I think we probably finished the year in a position of strength So tactically thinking of your portfolio between now and your end. I think that's a good sort of You know framework to to consider for sure


Here we are in our example, Form 1040, populating it with LASERC tax software. You don't need tax software to follow along, but if you have access to it, it's a great tool to run scenarios with. You can also get access to the Form 1040 related schedules and forms at the IRS, website irs.gov, irs.gov, starting point as normal, single filer, Mr. Anderson, no dependence, 100,000 W2 income. We've got the 12,950 standard deduction, bringing us to the 87,050. If I check that out in our formula over here, 100,000, 12,950, 87,050, the tax is being calculated depending on the software and we are dependent on the software to calculate the tax is what I mean, 14774, we're saying there's 15,000 of withholdings to get us down to the overpayment of 226 mirrored over here as well. Now I just want, we're gonna do a quick look then at what would happen if our income was coming from a Schedule C type of business. So right here we've got our income obviously on the W2 side of things. What if it was business income? Now, as we look at this, we wanna just get an idea of the added complexity involved with a business income. And remember, if you're doing tax return preparation, then you might be thinking, where do I wanna specialize? Do I want to be picking up a lot of businesses or do maybe I wanna be doing non-business tax returns and not take on a lot of the added complexities that might come with business type of tax returns? Where do we want to be specializing within? So our main focus here is on the income side of things. So if I open up the Schedule 1, we could see that we're gonna have these other income items and we're looking here at the business income coming from the Schedule C. This will feed into page one as we've seen before with the Schedule 1 that will be feeding into this page one. But as we do that, we're also gonna see a lot of other items that are impacted when we add the Schedule C income. So let's just add a simple Schedule C and look at some of those changes that will take place. So I'm gonna go to income. I'm gonna say it's a Schedule C business. This is where we would add a whole nother income statement. I'm not gonna add anything except some income line and expense line. So let's say there was 30,000 of income and then we had advertised an expense of 10,000 to bring us down to 20,000, basically net of this little income statement. So if I say, okay, what would happen if I pull that on over to the form 1040? And we say, okay, now I've got a Schedule C. So I haven't populated it in terms of all the stuff up top, we'll talk more about that later. But the general idea is that we've got an income statement down below, income 30,000 minus the expense of 10,000. That's gonna give us a net income in essence of the 20,000. And that's what's gonna pull into the Schedule 1. So now in the Schedule 1, we've got the 20,000 and there it is in that 20,000. It's then gonna pull into the form 1040 where we have the 100,000 and then the Schedule 1 stuff of the 20,000 to get us to 120,000. So not too complex. That's kind of what we would expect to see at that point. But if I go back to the Schedule C, remember that really what pulled over wasn't actually just the income line. If I look at my income tax equation, we kind of think about income, everything that's income up top and then the equivalent of expenses down below being deductions to get to the equivalent of taxable or net income, which is taxable income. But here we have all these expenses that are really being recorded, which are deductions on the Schedule C. So these are business deductions that are being recorded. And what's being pulled into our tax formula, is it really income, gross income? It's the net income that's coming from our Schedule C. Now, obviously in order to populate the Schedule C, we need basically an income statement. So that means we need some level of bookkeeping. So if you do taxes, then the question is are you specializing and are you gonna help out with bookkeeping or adjusting kind of entries if you're gonna be helping out and populating the Schedule C, which oftentimes small businesses could use some help in that department. Also, if they give you an income statement, then this isn't exactly using the double entry accounting system because there's no balance sheet. So in order to get a better grasp on this, it would be better to have the businesses using something like a QuickBooks that uses a double entry accounting system and populates a balance sheet and whatnot so that you can have more assurance on this income statement that's being used to populate the Schedule C. So those are just a couple added complexities with regards to the Schedule C income. Also note that if you had Schedule C income and no business income, no W2 income, then you'd also have to be thinking about how they're gonna pay their taxes as the year goes, meaning they would have had to pay in 2022, not by April 15th or 18th of 2023 to avoid penalties and interest. So you have that added level of complexity to deal with. And then you also have the self-employment tax. So we'll go into this in more detail later, but just to see the added kind of complexity by going to the self-employment tax.


Welcome to today's episode of the mindset mentor podcast. I'm your host, Rob dial. If you have not yet done so hit that subscribe button so that you never miss another podcast episode. Today we're going to be talking about two simple mindset shifts to change your relationships. Let's be real, no matter what it is that you do. Well, I guess there's only one case in this entire world where you're not in a relationship with somebody.  You never get into text messages and to zoom phone calls or any of that type of stuff. That's the only way that you're not into relationships with other people. If you're not a hermit and you do end up leaving the house or talking to anybody, you have relationships with other people.  And so I'm going to give you two simple mindset shifts to help you change your relationships. The first one, which is a very important one that I think most people don't think about is that everyone, literally everyone that you see, that you meet is doing their best. Now, this can be hard to kind of really get the concept and to grasp this concept because some people are really freaking difficult, aren't they? Like really difficult, but you have to realize it's very important to realize that this is them doing the best that they can based off of everything that they know, everything that's happened to them and everything that they've learned in their lives. And what I like to remind myself when I see other people who happen to be quote unquote difficult to deal with is if I was raised in the exact same shoes, went through the exact same circumstances that they have gone through in their entire life, I had the same parents, I had the same bullying teachers, every circumstance, every single second of my life was exactly the same as theirs. I would be the exact same as them.  And it's important to remember that everyone has their own unique set of experiences and emotions and circumstances that can greatly influence who they are, all of their behaviors, all of their actions. And if you knew everything that they've been through in their entire life, it would be way easier to have compassion for them. And so the important part of this one of everyone doing their best is to remember to have compassion.  What we don't see is the six-year-old boy who was verbally and physically assaulted by his father every day.  I don't know what it was, but if we were to take the example of a six-year-old boy who's verbally and physically assaulted by his father every single day, you go, man, yeah, it's hard to love the 41-year-old guy, but it's easy to send love to the six-year-old boy because I wouldn't have wanted to go through that because if we did see that child that went through that when they were growing up, it would be so much easier to have compassion for them. And there's many factors in someone's life that impacts who they are. And you guys have to realize, I think you understand, a lot has happened the past few years. Mental health issues are skyrocketing. They're about three times more than they were three to four years ago. And so someone that you see may be struggling with the mental health issue. They might have depression. They might have high anxiety. They might have social problems. And all of those things can greatly affect their behavior and their ability to make actual good decisions. And so they also may be dealing with a lot of personal problems. Like you see somebody who is just presenting himself to you as they are, but you don't know what's actually going on in that person's life. And it reminds me of the phrase of everyone that you meet is fighting a battle that you know nothing about. And so there's a lot of personal problems that people can have nowadays. There's financial difficulties. There's relationship issues they could have. And there's all of these different issues that they could have. They could have a child that's in the hospital and they could have a relationship that's divorced or starting to go through or their wife might have just cheated on them or their husband might cheat. You don't ever know what's actually going on. And all of these things can cause somebody to act in ways that they would not normally act.  That's the easy thing to do. The harder thing to do is to take a step back and be like, okay, how can I have compassion for this person? What is it that I'm not seeing? What could possibly be happening behind the scenes that I might not know about that might make somebody come and present themselves the way that they're presenting themselves in public right now. And additionally to all of this stuff, people are influenced by a lot of other things by cultural, societal, historical factors. There's people that have, there's traumas that people have. There's discriminations that they've gone through. There's bullying that they've gone through. And it's important to try to figure out instead of judging people instead of getting pissed off at people, all of this is to figure out a way for us to have compassion for everyone as we never really truly know what someone's going through instead of immediately judging somebody and immediately condemning somebody for their actions, we should try to understand and acknowledge that there's a whole lot of factors that may influence that person's behavior. And by doing this, we can also create a more empathetic and understanding society where people feel more valued and people feel more than anything else supported rather than being judged and rejected. Because if you think about it, if you see somebody who is a quote unquote asshole, usually people who need love the most usually ask for it in the most unloving ways. So let me pause and say that again. People who need love the most usually ask for it in the most unloving ways. And so by trying to figure out to have compassion for somebody who's lashing out at someone or lashing out at you might be and probably is that compassion is actually the thing that they need the most. And if we can try to figure out a way to have compassion and to love somebody and to support somebody no matter what they might be doing, it allows them to change more easily because when someone comes and lashes out at us and we respond to them based off of their lashing it reinforces the way that they think about themselves.  It's just gonna happen, right? Because we're basically reinforcing that identity that they have themselves.  And so by actually breaking the cycle of the anger or frustration or whatever it is however they present themselves and allowing them to see love, compassion a different thing than they were expecting breaks them out of the mindset that they were in and allows them to maybe interact with the next person a little bit differently. And so compassion makes us focus and try to find the good in people when it might not be immediately apparent. Now I'm gonna be honest with you it's not easy, none of this is easy but instead of focusing on someone's negative actions instead we can try to focus on any positive qualities any good that they might have done. And also finding compassion for someone else in your life makes your life way easier because when you try to have compassion for somebody you don't take anger home with you. So like if you have a boss that's just a complete douchebag, right?   And so when you can try to have compassion for somebody it allows you to actually free yourself from that anger or that hatred or whatever it is that might be there it allows you to let it go. It goes back to like the quote anger is the acid that only burns the vessel, right?  It's the acid that only burns the vessel so when we can have compassion for somebody and try to find compassion we don't bring that anger with us and we feel a greater sense of happiness and contentment because we can reduce and more than anything else it reduces our stress and our anxiety, all of that. And so I get it, like listen I really do get it it can be really difficult to have compassion for other people like some other people they suck, right? Like the version of them that they present to us sucks sometimes like it can be really difficult but compassion is a practice it's not something that you're just immediately have it's a practice whenever you feel like you're going to wanna lash back out at somebody or you feel an emotional response to take a step back and to figure out a way to have compassion is actually a practice that we need to work on. And so it's important for you to remember that this is greatly going to affect your life but also everybody that you come in contact with as well. So like I said you don't wanna bring that anger home and give it to your children but if you can have compassion you can release that anger and you can come home be the parent that you want to be. So that's the first one super super important is that everyone is doing their best and what we need to do is to try to have compassion for people. And the second one to really help you with your relationships is that no one can change your mood. The second mindset shift in relationships is that nobody can change your mood. I want you to think about this real quick.  Like what did they do to piss you off? Like think about it the last time when you're like you really felt it. What was it that they did? What was your reaction to it? So what was it that they did and what was your reaction to it?  They said something and you felt bad about it. So when was the last time if you can't remember last time that you really got pissed off?  What did they do? How did they do it? And what was your reaction to it? And what if I told you that it's not what they did that triggered you. What they did did not trigger you. It was what you were thinking about what they did that triggered you. It wasn't the actual event that triggered you it was your internal conversation that you were having with yourself that made you feel triggered. I always say I could care less about what you're doing in your life. What I care more about is the conversation that's happening in your mind. And the reason why is because if I can find the conversation happening in your mind I can understand every single response that you have to something. So it's not the actual event that makes you triggered what makes you triggered is the way that you are thinking about the event. It goes back to one of my favorite quotes about life from Eleanor Roosevelt. And it says no one can make you feel inferior without your consent. No one can make you make you angry without your consent. No one can make you sad without your consent. No one can make you feel insecure without your consent. No one can speak down to you make you feel like you're spoken down to without your consent. You have consented to feeling that way. Now usually it's not something that you think about it's just an automatic thought and then feeling that pops up into your body. But you're triggered not based off of what they did but you're triggered based off of the way that you're thinking about what they did. And if you can really get this your life will change and it makes it really hard really really hard for people to offend you that to make you feel offended. When you're triggered that trigger is a gift. It is one of the most important things that you could have.  A trigger is a gift. It's not about what someone else does to you ever. It's about how you react to it. And there's a great quote around this and it goes back to Victor Frankel Fuban List's podcast for while you for me say this many times. Victor Frankel wrote a book called Man's Search for Meeting. You should definitely read it. It's amazing.  And when he got out he wrote a book as a psychologist about the things that he saw and the things that he encountered and what he noticed about human psychology while he was there. One of his most famous quotes is somewhere along the lines of between stimulus and response is a space.  So let me say that again I'll explain it.   You master your reactions to when you... So if you can see when you're about to feel triggered you can feel that emotional response start to build up inside of you and you can take a step back just real quick half of a second step back and say okay what's really happening here? How am I responding to this? How am I thinking of this?  And so you have to realize no one is triggering you you're triggering yourself based off the way that you're thinking about something that somebody else did most likely.   Number one, everyone is doing their best try to have more compassion. Number two, nobody can make you feel anything. No one can change your mood you're the person that's in charge of if you're triggered or not. So that's what I got for you for today's episode if you love this episode please share it on your Instagram stories and tag me in it Rob Dial Jr. R-O-B-D-I-A-L-J-R Once again if you want some more of this mindset tips and tricks and all that stuff go to YouTube right now and search my name Rob Dial R-O-B-D-I-A-L we're putting up tons of new videos on there that are not available on this podcast. And so if you wanna go to YouTube and search me on there I'll pop up and you can see the 400 and something videos that we put up on there so far. So with that I'm gonna leave you the same way I leave you every single episode make it your mission make someone else's day better I appreciate you and I hope that you have an amazing day.


Meanwhile, the people of Ikota Basi, the local government area of the Kwaibom state, have thrown their weight behind the People's Democratic Party, its governorship candidate Pastor Umo Eno, and the presidential candidate, Atiku Abubaka, in next month's election. The people made their stand public at a campaign rally when they tundered in mass to declare their support and loyalty to the PDP, just as Governor Udo Mimanwo led the enthusiastic PDP campaign trend to its first campaign in 2023. Ikota Basi, a stronghold of the PDP, showed Pastor Ueno and the PDP that he would repeat the feat of 2019 when it rejected the APC candidates in favour of Governor Umo Eno and the PDP. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hi everyone, Joe from jaspyscasebrakes.com doing a quick little randomizer for the 17 high-end team Random number block featuring all those teams right there. That's a lot over half the league Inside this randomizer There's the whole instructions on how this works right here So it's just a number block break, but only for these teams right there And the break itself coming up in a separate video big. Thanks to these folks right here Whether you want a spot or whether you got a spot straight up. I appreciate it. Thank you Congrats to the winners. There are the numbers right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it snake eyes two times for each list names first one and two that's easy Christopher down to Louie and then two times for the numbers right there one and Two easy there you go six down to eight All right, so Chris with six Louie with three Thomas with zero so you get any and all redemptions for all 17 teams Right there Adam with four Louie with nine on hell with two Christopher with seven and one Louie with five and eight So there you have it. Let's sort this by column B by number And in a separate video will be the break itself jaspyscasebrakes.com. Bye. Bye


Murder. It's midnight. So you're dropping a chicken, huh? Hey, guys. Yeah? What do you know? Chickens turning out to be a rooster all of a sudden. Cock-a-doodle-doo. Cock-a-doodle-doo. In case anybody here was interested. From here on in, the name is just plain Charlie Nicks. Midnight. The witching hour when the night is darkest. Our fears the strongest. And our strength at its lowest end. Midnight. When the graves can't open and death strikes. How? You learn the answer to your question. And death strikes. How? You learn the answer in just a minute then. Trigger man. Tales of mystery and terror by Radio's foremost mystery writers. Our story written by Max Ehrlich is different from any of the other tales you have heard in this program. Its mystery is not that of the supernatural, but of the unknown quantities in the human soul.  No. No, not yet. Not that it matters. You can't get very far with a slug in your guts. But I can sit here. And when I come through that door, I'll show him what chicken Charlie Knicks can do with a gun. Sure, maybe it'll be for the last time. But what can I lose now? It's funny how it all comes back to you in the end. Just a year and a half ago that it all started. But I remember it like it was yesterday. I was standing back in the doorway waiting, waiting for some sucker to come along. I was down at the waterfront and it was plenty dark. I stood there, the rod cold in my hand waiting. Finally, I heard footsteps. A man and a woman. I waited until they were almost opposite the doorway. And then, hey buddy, got a match? Why, yes, I think so.  Tell him he's got a gun. Stick up, huh? Aren't you smart sucker? Come on, reach. Get those hands up before I let you have it. Yeah, it's better. Okay, lady, let's begin with you. Hold on. Hand over that purse. Better do as he says, Ann. All right, tell him. Thanks, lady. Thanks very much. Okay, buddy, let's have your wallet. I said come across with your wallet. Not tonight, chicken. What do you mean? Hey, wait a minute. How come you know my name? It's my job to know it.  The name's Riley. From headquarters. Con Riley. Plain clothes. Yeah. Keep up those hands. Keep them up, Ralph Dwayne. I know you won't, chicken. Tom. Not for a lot more than I've got in my wallet. Tom, what are you doing?  I don't think he will. Will you, chicken? Keep away from me, flat foot. Don't come a step nearer, you hear? Not a step, and I'll splatter you all over the sidewalk. You haven't got the nerve, chicken. You know it, and I know it. Now, drop that gun. Keep away. Keep waiting here. I ain't afraid to shoot. I'll tell you, I'll let you have it. Then what are you waiting for? What? That was for the gun, chicken.  No, no, no. I'll be right. Pull the gun on me, will you? Oh, Tom. It's okay, Ann. It's all over. You could have been killed. Walking straight into a hold-up man and knocking the gun out of his hand. Well, I knew he wouldn't shoot, Ann. You know. You know. But how? His name is Charlie Nix. Chicken Charlie. Oh, he carries a gun, yeah. But he's not a gunman. Because he's never used it, and he never will. Just plain chicken-hearted. Yellow. That's why they call him chicken. Still, you took an awful chance, Tom. That was the first time. Not for chicken, Charlie. Now, then you see if you can find a phone, honey, and call headquarters while I keep an eye on this yellow skunk here. That's the way it was. I just didn't have the nerve to put the blast on anyone. Sometimes in my room, I'd put my gun on a table and just look at it. I keep thinking, if we only had the nerve, I'd be one of Angelo Dinelli's trigger men instead of his errand boy. The rest of the mob would respect me instead of slapping me around and calling me chicken. That's what got me more than anything else the way they laughed and called me chicken. It wasn't that I didn't try. That time I held up Riley, I was going to let him have it. I wanted to, but I don't know what the last minute I got all cold inside. My fingers got stiff for numb, and it cost me a year in a pen. The day after I got out, I was sitting in the Boulevard Cafe, having myself a beer, when in walked the boss, Angelo Dinelli. It's great having you back, chicken. Thanks, Angelo. Thanks. By the way, I saw an old pal of yours the other day. Yeah? Who? Tom Riley. Riley, huh?  Yeah. But one of these days, Angelo, I'm going to meet him, and then I'll...  Yeah, yeah, he made me look like a chump, all right? But I'm different now, Angie. You're in a clink. Well, I got a different kind of nerve now. Wait and see. I'm gonna... Sure, sure, but take it easy, kid. There's plenty of time, plenty.  What do you mean, Angie? I did my time tonight. I'm in a clear... Sure, chicken, sure. But if you ask me, the pen didn't do you any good, you. You look kind of all in. You don't feel so good, do you? What... What makes you say that, Angie? Oh, I don't know.  Well, I... I feel okay. Sure. I ain't saying anything's wrong with your chicken. But you never can tell until a good doc checks you over, huh? Yeah. Maybe you're right, Angie. Maybe I ought to see a doctor, huh? Now you're talking sense, kid. Tell you what I'll do. I'll take you to my own doctor, Dr. Leonard. He's a big specialist, and he'll give you the once-over ride. Yeah, but he... He probably comes high, and I... Forget it, chicken, forget it. I'll take care of it. Won't cost you a dime. Hey, that's pretty white on you, Angie. Think nothing of it, kid.  Yeah. Yeah, I am. Well, if there's one thing Angie Donnelly does, it's to take care of his boys. A couple of days later, Angie Donnelly set up an appointment for me with his doctor, Leonard. I went to his office, and he gave me a real checkup from soup to nuts. And when he got through, I... Well, I didn't like the look on his face. Sit down, Mr. Nix, and let's talk. Doc, what's the matter? Did you find something wrong? Care for a cigarette? Never mind a stalling, Doc. Give it to me straight. Is it good or bad? I'm sorry, but it's bad. You mean my... my chest? It isn't your chest. It's your heart. My... my heart? What about it? You've got a severe aneurysm there. A what? What's that mean? It means that you've got a serious weakness of the heart muscle wall. Yeah, yeah, but how serious? I'm sorry, Mr. Nix, but you haven't got more than six months to live. Six months? Yeah, that's what he said. Six months to live. For a while, I didn't get it, and you don't get things like that right away, and then... Six months, and... He gave me six months to live, something I'll be just walking along and maybe sleeping, and it'll... it'll come. It's tough, chicken. Plenty tough. Yeah. Know how you feel. Nobody knows how I feel, except maybe a guy in a death house. Yeah, that's what it's like. Like Norman, you're gonna burn, waiting for it. Take it easy, chicken. Yeah. Have another drink, huh? Yeah, thanks. Thanks, Angie. You're okay, okay. Maybe the doc was wrong. There's always a chance. No, no, Angie, check me twice just to make sure. There ain't a thing I can do, not a thing, except wait for it. Just sit around the... wait... the croak. Listen, kid, you've got six months to live. Okay. You know what I'd do if I had six months to live? What? What would you do? I'd live. Yeah, I'd spend all my time living champagne, dames, I'd have more. I'd do all the things I ever wanted to do, but didn't have the nerve to do before.  I'd live a lifetime in six months. Sure, sure, but that takes dough. You can get the dough? How? For me. Look, chicken, you always wanted to be a trigger, man, didn't you? Yeah. Well, I'm hiring you right here and now at 500 a week. 500? But Angie, you know I ain't got the nerve to do it. Sure you have, but it's different now. You don't have to be afraid of a thing, not a thing.  What do you care? Suppose they send you to the death house. You've got nothing to lose anyway, have you? Your heart's bad, ain't it? You've only got a little while anyway, either way. Yeah, that's right, Angie. That's right. What can I lose? Denelli was right. This was my chance. I packed a new gap and started to look for Riley.  He was gonna be number one. You're becoming along here any minute, kid. Yeah, yeah. This is it, chicken. There's Riley. There he is. No, chicken, not yet. Where he comes closer? Look, Angie. Hey, I first one that comes hardest, kid. The rest are easy. Look at him, pal. He knows from nothing. Take your beat on him. You can't miss. Okay, chicken, go ahead. Let him have it. Go ahead, blast him. You did it, you did it. Yeah, I... I guess I did. Flat on the sidewalk, colder than yesterday's hash. You did it, Charlie. Angie, I... You... You just called me... Charlie. Sure, kid, why not? You're not chicken anymore. Now, maybe we better get out of here.  As the clock strikes 12 for... Murder! Murder at midnight. To the story of Trigger Man. Where are they, anyway? Getting kind of anxious to see them. Even... even with a slug in my gut, I'll be able to give them quite a reception. Funny how a guy can... How different it's all been since I put the blast on Riley. That was my first. And the toughest one. After that, it was easy. There were plenty of guys in Angie Denelli's way, and I aimed to please. Whenever I watched one of them fold up with that funny expression on his face, I... kind of helped. It helped me to forget how it was with me. It was like a champagne drunk. But then the hangover would come, and... I'd remember that I had less than six months to live myself. Yeah, I was a different guy, all right. Take what happened a couple of days after I got Riley. We was having a meeting up at the hideaway in a new job when a character named Bummy Divine started shooting his mouth off. Hey, chicken! Still carrying around that popcorn he is? What did you call me? Chicken! Ain't that your name? The name is Charlie. Charlie Nix. Hey, guys! Yeah? What do you know? Chicken's turning out to be a rooster all of a sudden. Cock-a-doodle-doo! Cock-a-doodle-doo! In case anybody else here is interested, the name from herein is just plain... Charlie Nix. They didn't laugh at that. No one did again ever. I was it. I took chances where no other trigger man would. Why not? What'd I have to lose? A few months I'd be through anyway. It was a difference. Meanwhile, I lived. I painted the town red. Bought myself tailored suits. Hit the clubs every night. The gambling joints. And the dames. Why, I had to fight them off. You can do a lot with 500 bucks a week. Sure, I was hot. Plenty hot. The cops couldn't figure out at the beginning who was doing all the fancy gun work, but they were getting warm and they were getting close. I had to watch myself. And then one night, they were knocking off a fur warehouse. I was in the lookout car out front when suddenly... Hey, Charlie! A brawl car! Yeah. Come on, Mike. Let's get out of here. They're shooting at us. Dummy guns! Hang on, Charlie! They come right after us. Hold it steady, Mike. I'm gonna try to nail a tire. Hey, Charlie! Charlie, what's the matter? I'm hit. And I did you my... In my eyes, it was a smell of chlorophone. And the doctor was just putting away some instruments. Mike was there, too, with a gap in his hand, making sure that the doc would cooperate. Hello, Charlie. How do you feel? I don't know. What happened? The doc here just dug a slug out of your chest. How am I... how am I doing, doc? You'll be all right. Lucky you've got a good heart. Otherwise, you'd never have made it. What? Did... Did you say my heart was good? That's right. But I don't get it. I thought I had a bad tick. They told me I didn't have more than a few months to live. With that heart, my friend, you can live to be a hundred. That is, if the police don't interfere. I spent three weeks laid up after that in bed. And every day the boss would send me flowers, comic books, and all kinds of stuff. A real thoughtful guy, Angie. But I was thoughtful, too. There were some things I had to add up for myself. I had to find out whether I was living on borrowed time or not. As soon as I could walk, I made a beeline for Angie to Nellie's specialist, Doc Leonard. But I found out right away that Doc Leonard didn't live there anymore. A dentist was in the office instead. Then I looked up the superintendent. Yes, I'm in charge here. What can I do for you? If it's about your part... It isn't. I'm looking for Dr. Leonard. Dr. Leonard? Oh, the one that was in the dentist's office before. That's right. He'd be nowhere he went. No, he didn't leave any forwarding address. It's a funny thing about him. Yeah? Why? Why, he paid us a month's rent in advance and moved in equipment and everything. But he only stayed two days. Moved out at night. No notice, nothing. Just came and went. I see. Never could figure it out. That's the way it was. Sorry, I couldn't be of more help, mister. That's okay. You've told me enough. All I want to know. So that was it. I had the answer. I went home, took my old gun out of the drawer, slipped it into my shoulder host. Felt good there. Just like old times. I was just putting on my hat and coat when the phone rang. Hello. Hello, Charlie. How do you feel? Fine, Angie. Fine. Funny thing you calling up just now. Yeah, why? I was just thinking of you. Where are you now? I'm over at my apartment. I feel fine, fine. I swear. Okay, I'll be right over. And Angie. Thanks for everything. The flowers and stuff. Funny how a guy acts sometimes. I remember in the cab and the way over, I was like I was cold inside and out. I should have been excited, but I wasn't. I came up to Angie's apartment and knocked on the door. Me. Charlie. Oh, come on in, Charlie. Yeah, thanks. Well, you're up and around. That kid is great, great. Yep. Not that it makes much difference. You see, Angie, my six months is supposed to be up tomorrow. Is that right? Yeah, that's right. You know something, Angie? I feel fine, fine. And yet, I'm supposed to croak. Well, it's just like I said, kid. Maybe Doc Leonard was wrong. Yeah, yeah, that's what I thought. Maybe he was wrong. You know, made a mistake. Sure. So, this afternoon, I went up to see him. You would? You did, huh? Yeah, yeah. And you know what, Angie? He doesn't live there anymore. No. In fact, he only set up practice there a couple of days. Kind of set me to wondering. Uh-huh. Wondering, uh, what? Whether this Doc Leonard wasn't a doctor after all, but just a phony. I, uh, I don't get it. Why, uh, why should he be? Suppose you tell me, Angie. I, uh, I don't know what you mean. Oh.   You needed a gunster who could take chances, and I was your pigeon. Wait a minute, Charlie. I have something. It was easy, wasn't it, then? Now he talking to chump like me into it when I thought I only had six months to go. You know, I wouldn't be afraid anymore. Sure. What could I lose?  And when the heat was turned on, you knew what it'd be on me. You're wrong, kid. You see, you were supposed to live six months, and that's all you're going to live. Don't do any richin', Angie. Don't! You taught me how to use a gun, Angie. You should have just let me stay. Chicken Charlie nicks. Yeah. Yeah, he got me in the belly with his first one. But I got him before he could repeat. There he is, lying on his own rug, soaking in his blood. And it's for me. Well, there ain't much I can do, but wait. Somebody must have heard the shots, called the cops. Funny how I feel now. How different it is. When you think of it, if I'd stayed Chicken Charlie, I wouldn't be here now with a slug in my guts. Like the doc said, I could have lived to be maybe a hundred. It ain't old Chicken Charlie. Hello, copper. What did you call me? Why, we've been looking all over for you, Chicken, but it looks like somebody saved the state some dough. Not yet. I've still got enough stuff to stay away. Don't come any closer here. No. Why not, Chicken? Because I'm a killer, that's why. Because I got nothing to live for anyway. Keep away from me, do you hear? Keep away from me. Oh, what? Give me that rod. I'll stop, you can't. Sure, I can. Once a Chicken, always a Chicken. His eyes wide and incredulous, a hunched figure slips from the deep armchair, falls to the floor, next to the body of the man he killed. And somewhere in the distance, a clock in a church steeple starts charming for... Murder! ...with us again when death is our unseen guest. And the clocks strike twelve for... Murder! Part of Chicken Charlie Knicks was played by Bill Quinn. With music by Charles Paul, Murder at Midnight is directed by Anton M. Leder.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to a new Zor education. This is the second part of the lecture dedicated to properties of matrix multiplication. Now, today we will consider a little bit, I would say, more interesting properties, like associative law, distributive law, etc. Last lecture was about some preliminary characteristics of the matrix multiplication and commutative property. But unfortunately, commutative property is not really the property of the matrix multiplication and I basically gave you an example why it's not really commutative. But associative and distributive laws do present in matrix multiplication and they do require some proof. So, that's what we are going to do right now. So, we will prove the following. That matrix multiplication is associative, which means no matter what order of parentheses you put, as long as you don't change the places of A, B and C, they're still in the same sequence. But parentheses indicate which operation you do first and which you do second. So, in this case, first you multiply B times C and then A multiplied by the result. In this case, you first multiply A times B and the result of this you multiply by C. The question is, do we have the same or different result? Well, the answer is the same and here's how we can prove it. Okay, first of all, let's consider dimensions of these matrices. Let's say K by L, B would be L by M and C would be M by M. Okay, now, why did I use the same letters? Well, you know that multiplication is possible only if the left matrix has the same number of columns as number of rows in the right matrix, right? If you have a multiplication of two matrices. Now, B and C must have this letter should be the same and the result would be the number of rows in B and number of columns in C. And since this is columns, L is a column of A, it's supposed to be equal to the L in this case. And same thing on the right side. So, this is the requirement as far as the dimensions are concerned. Now, I will use indices for each matrix. I will use indices which correspond to the dimensions. So, for C for instance, I will use lowercase M, lowercase N, which is implying that lowercase M is changing from 1 to capital M, lowercase N is changing number of columns from 1 to capital N, etc. Alright, so let's multiply B times C first. Let's say it's R. Now, what is element Rij? Well, I shouldn't really say Rij because I know the dimension of the BC. It would be L times N. So, I will use Ln. So, element Ln of the matrix R, which is row L column N is equal to scalar product of L's row in B, which is BL star times N's column, which is C star N of the matrix C. Or if you wish, I can write it as a sigma, which means summation by probably the most interesting here that I can use the letter M as an index here, right? So, it's BLM times CMN. And M means from, again, the fact that I'm using the letter lowercase M means that I'm summing up from 1 to the capital M. So, let's keep it in mind. Now, I'm multiplying A by the result of this operation, right? Now, the result of this operation is R. And R has a dimension L times N, right? So, A times R, let's say it's a matrix S. Now, S would have a dimension K times N, right? R has a dimension L times N. A has a dimension K times L. So, it would be K times N. So, lowercase K and N element of the matrix S equals to A K star times R star N. Or we can sum it up by L index A K L R L N. Okay, but we don't know this. It's this. So, sigma summing by L A K L times this thing. Okay, fine. What can we do now? Now, we can say the following. Now, A K L is a constant because L is fixed, K is fixed. Only M is changing here. L 1, L 2, L 3, 1 N, 1 2, 3 N, etc. So, I can always insert using the distributive law of the multiplication among numbers, because this is a sum of certain numbers and this is one multiplier. So, I can say this. I leave this as is, but I will put A K L inside. That's it. So, we have these things where K and N are fixed. First, M is changing and we are summing up together. M is changing from 1 to capital M and then L is changing from 1 to capital L. But this is basically the expression which is on the left. This is an expression of S K N. Now, let's do exactly the same thing with the right side. First, we multiply A times B. Alright. Now, A times B, which letter will we use? Let's say F equals A times B. Now, what's the dimension? Remember, A is K times L, B is L times M and C is M times N. So, A B, A B is K M, right? So, F K M equals A K star times B star M, right? Or, with a summation, it's A K 1 times 1 M, K 2 times 2 M, K 3 times B 3 M, etc., etc. So, basically it's A K L times B L M. And summation is by L, by the number of columns, right? Okay, great. Now, let's multiply this by C. So, let's say T is equal to F times C, A B times C. So, T, which is supposed to have a dimension of K M. This is K M times M N. So, it's K N. By the way, the same as this one. So, the dimensions we have correctly established in both cases, the final dimension of this product and this product is K times N. So, what is K N? The element of... Yeah, I should actually use lower case here. So, element T K N means row of vector F number K times column of vector C number N. Okay. Now, what is the summation in this case? Summation is by M, right? Because number of elements in each row of matrix F, which is multiplication of these two is... It's K by M, so it's M. So, multiplication... Summation by M of F K M times C M N equals to... We know what F K M is. It's this one. So, it's summing by M, open parenthesis, summing by L, A K L B L M times C M N. Now, these are all numbers and summation. So, I can actually multiply the sum of these elements by C and insert C into this every member, right? Because this is summation by L. This is constant. So, all these members are multiplied by exactly the same constant called C M N, which means it's equal to... This is a T K N. It's equal to sum by M, sum by L, A K L B L M C M N. Okay, that's interesting. Are these two the same? Well, on one hand, no, because you see this is summation first by M and then by L. And this is summation by L and then by M. But, and by the way, K and N are constant, because this is the K N coordinates of the left, and this is S and G's, K's row and N's column on the right. Well, but if you think about this, this is actually exactly the same thing, because what does it mean, actually, that we are first summing by M and then by L and this by L and then by... If you will position these into some kind of a table with, let's say, M rows and L columns, and on each crossing you will put this particular element. Then one is to sum up first by rows and then by columns. Another is, this one is first sum by columns and then by rows. But the result is a sum of all the elements which are fit into this table, because all these elements fit into one particular table. There are dimensions of capital M by capital L, because L and M are moving from one to L and from one to M. So they all fill up this table. And how you summarize the elements of this table doesn't really matter, either by columns or by rows. So the result is exactly the same, and that's exactly the point I wanted to make when talking about associativity. The result of this is exactly the same as the result of that. In both cases it's K by N matrix. Each element of the matrix on the left is this, each element of the matrix on the right is this, and these are exactly the same thing, because we're summing the same elements, we're just summing it differently. And that's the end of the proof of associativity. Next. Next is distributive law. Can that be proven? Actually, this is really easy. Why? Well, let's just think about it this way. You remember that adding two matrices is basically adding each element to each corresponding element. So they're supposed to be of the same size. So let's say this is size of A and B is K by L, and size of C is L by M. So some of these two matrices is exactly of the same size, so the product would be KL and LM, so the product on the left would be KM. The product of this, A times C, KL and LM would be KM, and this would be KM, and their sum would be K by M. So the sizes are K, no problem. Now let's compare each element here and there. All right. So let's talk about element of this matrix. Let's call it S. KM, right? So it's K times L, and this is L times M. So the result would be K by M. So element KM is equal to K's row of this times M's column of the C. Now, what is a K's row of A plus B? Since A plus B is a result of the summation of element by element, the K's row of the A plus B is equal to sum of K's rows of A and B, right? That's what it is. Times C star M. So I'm using the fact that the sum of two matrixes is element by element summation with each element is summarized with the corresponding element having exactly the same row and column, which means that the vector, the row vector of the result is sum of corresponding row vectors. K's row vector of the result is sum of K's row vectors of the components. All right. Now, we do know that scalar product is distributive. That's one of the properties of the scalar product. We learned about this before. So I can say it this way. Now, if you will think about what is this, you will see that each element, KM element of this is equal to this and KM element of this is equal to this and KM element of the sum is supposed to be a sum of KM element this and this. So that's basically the proof. The proof is based on the distributive property of the scalar product. That's it. Easy. Another is associative property of multiplication by a constant. So if I have a constant lambda multiplied by matrix A and the result multiplied by B, it would be the same as if I multiply A and B by themselves and then multiply this scalar. Well, I can do it in two different ways. The first way, which is kind of tempting actually, okay, let's consider lambda a matrix of one by one dimension. Can we do that? Well, not exactly because then you cannot multiply by any matrix A. So it doesn't really work that well. What is working is just go by definition of multiplication of matrix by scalar. Now, what is this? Well, it's an element by element multiplication of each element of the matrix A. In this case, product A B by this particular scalar. So each element is multiplied by this scalar. Well, but again, if each element is multiplied by this scalar lambda, then let's consider this matrix C. So I can say that Cij is equal to lambda times Aij, right? Now, Cij star a vector which is a row vector of this product, obviously is equal to lambda and row vector of A, the corresponding row vector. Just because multiplication by vector is defined exactly this way. And since this, now if I will multiply it by B, so if I will multiply it by B, Cij star times B star i, it's equal to lambda Aij star B star j. But again, property of this scalar product is such that it is associative relative to multiplication by a constant. So it's lambda times Aij star times B star j. Now, if you will start from this, you will see exactly this property. You will see that each element of this product is equal to A times B. And if you multiply by a constant, that's what it is. So you do exactly come up with the same result. So that's also easy. Now something which is a little bit more logical and a little bit unexpected. At least it was for me. Do you remember the operation of transposition? It's when we change rows and columns. What if we transpose the product? Well, the answer is you do actually can transpose each matrix by itself, but you have to change the order. That's an interesting property. Now how can we prove it? Well, let's think about this way. Let's take this matrix A, B, T and consider one particular element of this matrix. Let's say A is matrix dimension K by L. B is L by M. Otherwise we could not multiply them. Now A, T has dimension of L by K. Since we are changing rows and columns, each column becomes a row. So number of columns becomes number of rows, number of rows becomes number of columns. And B, T transpose has M by L. By the way, now you see why we have to change the order here. Because M by L matrix, we can multiply by matrix L by K. But not the other way around. This matrix we cannot multiply by this because K and M are different. Let's take the matrix A times B transposed. Since we know that A times B has a dimension, what? KM. I will use KM here. No, sorry. I didn't finish. B A, sorry. A B transposed has M by K. Since A B is K by M, A B transposed is M by K. So A B transposed has M by K. So element row M column K of this matrix. Now, what is this? Well, by definition of the transposition, this is this. So since all rows are columns and all columns are rows in the transposed matrix, the element which stands in M's row and K's column in the transposed matrix is exactly the same element which is in K's row and M's row of the original matrix. That was the definition of the transposition. If you will take a matrix, let's say 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and you transpose it, you will get the first row becomes first column, 1, 2, 3, and the second row becomes the second column. So matrix of the element, let's say this one. It has coordinate 2, 2. Well, that's a bad example. Let's take this coordinate. 6. 6 has coordinate 2, 3. And here it's 3, 2. Third row, second. So 2, 3, 3, 2. 1 K K M, right? So we know as much as this. Now let's transpose it somehow. What is this? This is A K K N star times B star M. That's what it is. So K M element of this product is K's row of the A scalarly multiplied by M's column by the matrix B. So that's my final form for this, the M K's element of this. Now how about this guy? First of all, what's the dimension? Well, B T has M times L, A T has L times K. So B T times A T is M times K. Same as this one, right? So, which is a good sign. Alright, so B T A T, what's the M K element? Well, it's M's row of this matrix, right? Let me use this. M star times K's column of this matrix. Star K. So this is a row vector in the M's row and this is the column vector in K's column. But now let's think about it again. Columns are rows and rows are columns in the transposed matrix. So M's row of the B transposed matrix is M's column in the regular B matrix, right? M's row in the transposed is M's column in the regular. So it's B star M. Same thing here. This is K's column of the transposed matrix, which is K's row in the original matrix, right? Now, let's compare this and this. This is my element M K of the left. This is my element M K on the right. This is a scalar product of two vectors. They are exactly the same except the order, but scalar product is commutative, as you remember. And that's basically the end of the proof. These are two equal values. And that's basically the end of the proof of this particular formula. So transposition of the product is a product of two transpositions in the reverse order. Okay, that's it basically for today. This is the end of the elementary properties of the matrix multiplication. There might be certain problems. I do suggest you to go through the lecture on unizor.com. The comments contain, the notes for the lecture contains basically the same thing. And I think it would be very useful if you just go through this and just familiarize yourself once again. It would be even better if you can just do it by yourself, for yourself, without looking at the notes. That's an extremely useful exercise. Well, that's it. Thank you very much for your attention and good luck.