It's now my pleasure to introduce Kaveri Myra, who's a qualified in nursing, midwifery and public health. She's a doctoral candidate at the University of Southampton in England. She has passionately worked on nursing and midwifery workforce development and governance, health systems research, quality and respectfulness in maternal health care, gender and women's empowerment. Kaveri started her career with an NGO called Academy for Nursing Studies and Women's Empowerment Research Studies, or ANSERS, and she currently serves as a member on its governing board. She's consulted with a variety of leading development organizations, including World Health Organization, JAPIGO, and the Public Health Foundation of India. Kaveri has worked in almost all of the states in India and includes countries such as Bangladesh and Thailand. We welcome Kaveri as our final keynote speaker in the 2021 VIDM. Kaveri, you have control of the slides. Thank you so much. I'm just trying to see, okay, now I see the control of slides. Thank you so much. I want to ask a question before I get started, and I also would like to give a disclaimer that at parts, the content of this presentation is going to be a little sensitive. It might remind you of past trauma you might have experienced, so at any stage if you feel that then given this is the only room in the conference right now where an event is happening, I think you'll have to step aside and prioritize your mental health if you feel the content is getting emotionally very heavy. Over the course of this presentation, I think you will mainly understand my obsession about asking people their birthing experiences, and it is something that has happened over the course of last 15 years and how that has kind of happened, and I have taken it forward is what I'm going to mainly talk about, which is why it's called the pursuit of honoring women's childbirth narratives through visual arts-based research. Most of my work is from India, but I have asked this question to people around the world now, but most of it is not included in this presentation. So before I go to the next slide, I have a question and I know you have already answered where you are coming from, but I just want to know wherever you are at have you heard of obstetric violence? Do you think it's a problem in your country? So you just have to in the chat box put the name of the country and say yes, if you think it is a problem in your country and no if it is not, and I'm going to give like 30 seconds to that. The question is whether obstetric violence is an issue in your country. I also see the participation has increased a little. India, absolutely. I can vouch for that. So I see most people have said yes. I am not seeing any nose here. All right. So I think the answer to this question already is there where obstetric violence exists. And what you're seeing in this map depends only on the countries I have read literature form and given the PhD on obstetric violence, I get to read a lot and write a lot. And this map in no way suggests that these are the only countries where obstetric violence is a problem. In fact, there's a high chance some of you may feel you may see your country there in gray and might tell me that I need to color it red. But the point is that it is quite a global phenomenon now. It feels diverse. There are parallels. And it's an issue that needs to be tackled urgently. And this is not just coming from researchers and midwives like me, but in the What Women Want campaign, which went to 114 countries and it reached out to 1.2 million girls and women asking them just one question of what their key demand is for quality, reproductive and maternal health care. The top demand was for respectful and dignified care, which clearly suggests that there is obstetric violence that these women have either heard of or experienced or are wary that they do not want to experience something like that when they give birth. Not just that, when you look at the other demands like water, sanitation and hygiene also shows disrespect and abuse. Number 14, ethical, lawful, non-abusive and secure care. Women asking for that. There are indications of obstetric violence there as well. But this issue is very sensitive. And there is a denial that you will hear in newspaper articles, in journals recently in South Africa, Violence Against Women Journal published a few commentaries and a paper that talks about how gentle should violence be for it to not be called obstetric violence. There is one discourse in Italy about a paper that reported women reporting obstetric violence in a community health survey. And then there were four associations, including that of doctors and midwives, resisting to it with a very strong language. So this denial is something that has also become a part of the narrative. And that is just one side of the issue. The other side is to understand this problem, because it's sensitive. And I will tell you why. But it's important to know a little bit about my story and why I do what I do before I tell you about that. Well, this hazy picture shows me as a student here. And this is 2000, I think, five or six, I would have been 18 or 19. And that is when Midwifery kind of showed up in my nursing degree. Midwifery was embedded in it. And we were all unmarried girls doing a degree course and quite unprepared, not in terms of theory, but in terms of more emotionally prepared to know what we are going to experience and see. And disrespect and abuse, all kinds of obstetric violence was kind of very normalized in this situation. And we used to observe it like every single day, sometimes not registered and some extreme forms we used to register as well. But some of these incidents used to stay. And one of those kind of changed how I observed birth from then onwards. I'm sorry if many of you have already heard this story, but for those who have not, there was this woman whose name I don't remember, but she was under my care as a student midwife and the head of the department, the obstetrician, he comes and he wishes to do a vaginal examination on her. And I was with her, I had taken her to a covered area, even though there were a couple of people who had come in as well. Right before he would go to do a vaginal examination, he just roughly lifts her sari with his elbow and looks at her genitals and said, how does your husband want to do anything with you with the jungle you have grown there? And that even though wasn't probably the most extreme form of, you know, obstetric violence that I had observed, but it just kind of stayed with me. And I had tried to resist that I had tried to file a complaint, but not much happened. And there were challenges and I was supposed to face repercussions if I took it forward. So this is around that time when I had kind of out of frustration thought that nothing is going to happen as a student midwife. I am far at the bottom of, you know, the power based hierarchy, the medical hierarchy, it's all very patriarchal. But I also realized that the nursing superintendent or the midwifery professors, people who I had approached, even they were not that far up on the hierarchy to solve something like that. So no matter how far up you were going on a midwifery or nursing powder, your voice still didn't matter. It didn't count. So my brilliant idea that evening, sitting at the library was like, I was in tears talking to my best friend saying, I have to do a PhD on this. Otherwise, nobody will listen to me. And 15 years down the line or so, that is exactly what I'm doing. I'm finishing so that people listen to me. And I understand that this whole presentation is now becoming about listening. But more about my experiences as a student and India is not the only country where student midwives face this kind of sexism. And I have written at length about my experience in this particular article that came out in June on the Practicing Midwife Journal, if you wanted to have a read later. But the problem didn't end there. I had observed the issue. But when I moved forward in my career, I kept doing research, but funding in obstetric violence is less. It's not that as a new researcher, you can just jump into research for that and find the money to do it. But I did get an opportunity when I was doing my masters in public health. And this was the thing that had been bothering me. So I thought that's the most obvious thing I would like to study. And although I was not really looking for an answer to disrespect interviews, I just wanted to find a way which makes childbirth a little more bearable. And I used to see all these, you know, pictures and even in movies where I only used to see like, you know, white couples. And I would see that the man is actually holding the woman's hand when she is in labor. And like they are in these large tubs of water. It's like, what is happening here? That was such cultural shock for me. But then thinking about it, it's also like, that would probably help me as well if I wanted to give birth. Because this is also around the time when our student advice, we were observing this and were like, we are never going through something like that. We would rather go for an elective cesarean or never give birth to a point I now understand. And I have known for a while that I suffer from something called secondary tocopophobia. I have never given birth and I do not plan to and no matter how many different reasons I find about environment and this and that, but I know deep down watching as much obstetric violence has had a very deep impact on me as a person and on my choices of whether I would like to give birth or not. But women, I interviewed at that time, this is in 2012, they reported that actually, you know, they want their husband to be there as a protector so that nobody disrespects and abuse them. So that was quite shocking. And that also made some kind of grassroot, you know, understanding for me to understand what am I going to do in my PhD. So I'm going to take a leap forward by like seven, eight years. And this is, this is the picture that I thought I wanted to talk about positionality. And I was like a picture that represents my current status, the best is what I thought this is. I feel I'm kind of juggling life on my stomach, balancing multiple things.  I am divorced. I, like I said, have never given birth and I never plan to. And the kind of birthing stories I have heard from around the world has had a lot of impact on me on how I experience childbirth and the stories as well. And there has been a change in scenario all my life I had been in India. And I am in the UK right now, just to do my PhD. So this is my first proper international migration experience, I guess. And in the PhD, I wanted to study all that you are seeing on the screen, because I wanted to understand not just the woman's perspective, the midwife's perspective as well, because those were the two main voices I felt were lacking in the research we were doing in India, in terms of leadership, in terms of being a stakeholder, everything. And my supervisors, then Zoe Matthews and Sabu Padmadas and later Jane Sandler at King's College London as well. They felt I was trying to do around six PhDs together. And they were quite brave to accept me as a student. So in the first bit of the PhD, I went to three different countries. And India, at the state level, at national level, I was in the United Kingdom already. So I spoke with international experts, midwifery leaders here. And also in Switzerland, because all the main health policy making UN bodies and their headquarters are mainly in Switzerland, Geneva. And I went and asked all these senior midwifery leaders at three different contexts, what do you think will change care for women? And I wanted to understand what drives obstetric violence and what drives respectful care. But this, like I have been saying again and again, is not an issue that you can quickly start talking about. You cannot specially care providers, you cannot just some suddenly ask, you know, about obstetric violence, are you seeing it in your workplace? Do you think you have engaged in it? Do you see your colleagues engaging in it? So visual methods then come in handy. This particular painting by Shomi, it was something me and her we observed in a labor room in India. And she, a midwife herself, she painted it. And I used it as a visual method as a, you know, a flyer to show it to these nursing and midwifery leaders to ask their opinion on what is happening? How do you perceive her experiences? And although most of them kind of felt it is, you know, showing extreme forms of disrespect and abuse, but many found parts of respectful care in that as well. And they felt these are all the situations, all the things with the woman, with the nurse midwife in their immediate environment and at the policy environment that needs to change if care has to improve for these women. But most importantly, they thought that listening to women's experiences and expectations is key for a midwifery model for women-centered care. So that's what I did next. I went to talk to women in a state called Bihar in India. It has a population of 104 million people. And it's important to understand a context of violence in general, because in some parts of the country, as it is in the world, intimate partner violence is more. Some people have been sexually harassed. Like here you are seeing 40% of the women have experienced spousal violence. And this is a statewide survey. 3% have experienced violence during pregnancy. And just below that, 8% of the girls who were interviewed between 18 to 29 years of age had already experienced sexual violence by the age of 18. So when you talk to women with history of violence and without asking them, it's always, there is a need to ask them in a way that does not further traumatize them, that helps them open up in a way where they are taking the lead to tell you as much as they want to tell you. And you are not asking them sensitive question directly, which might further traumatize them. And that is something I have been trying to do for all these years in India, in different parts of India. And sometimes I come across these experiences where this is a guy who is also called a traditional midwife in India. And she is showing me how she gave birth. And she was saying, I was just sweeping the floor on my knees. And then suddenly I felt the baby is coming out. And this woman came from the neighborhood and she is holding me the way she was held. And I have no idea what to say about this position or how to write it down. So that is the limitation of written language when you do not have these ideas and you go somewhere with that lack of language. We often say it's a limitation of language of the participant, but it's actually more of the researcher or the person who's interviewing who does not have the language to explain this. So then began the evolution of birth mapping. What I could not record on my body then went on to be looking like a gingerbread on my notepad because certain parts of the body, it's difficult to engage with women to talk about.  And then I came across something called body mapping, which I tried before doing my main data collection in the third picture you're seeing. And finally, the final picture you're seeing is something called birth mapping that I will be telling you more about. But this is the main process how it happens. It begins on a plain sheet of paper and you carry as much art-based material as you feel the need for. There are some rules that you need to follow like I go with the question on how did you give birth? Like being in a position in which you give birth. And that is the only point where the participant is a little passive, where the facilitator kind of draws an outline around her body. And after that, it's a completely participatory method. Even many of these women had never held a pen before. Some of them were completely illiterate, but still slowly that confidence came in when you meet them again and again. And this is quite a lengthy process. I met them several times over a week and the trust developed, the stories got more detailed and this was done with four women in a rural village, rural villages in Bihar and four women in urban slums. Even though they are all in the same state, there is still quite a bit of diversity that you will see. And although I will not get into the analysis details, but I just want to tell you how beautiful the feminist relational discourse analysis is and how completely complex it is. But as you analyze it, it just opens up the data and makes you absorb and see and listen and feel it like I have never analyzed data before. It also helps you use these arts-based methods in a very, very good way. And some of the products of analysis I will show you in a bit. But yes, the process is quite challenging because these are low income settings. Space is an issue. So it's a life-size sheet, right? So like seven feet long. So it was quite difficult to find space and to also get women's time for like two to three hours every time we went there. But they always found time and we always tried to work around their schedules, that kind of work. These are the eight women. And even though it's eight, but actually it's very diverse and each person's story is what really matters in terms of age, education, occupation, birth setting, they're all very different. And it shows in how they experience their birth, the aspects that they feel in their childbirth were good, were bad, something they expect. And that is what we need to focus on is the point of this research that every individual's experience matters. Here are a few of the body maps, but I will quickly go to three. And this one is a very proper thematic analysis, a traditional way of understanding. And you will notice I have not started my presentation. I did not introduce any definition or typology or terminology, anything from literature, because I wanted to only focus on these women's stories and what respectful care is for them. So this one, for example, is a definition that Amrita, who you see in the birth map, besides the definition says. So for her, she says, care should be like, when I told them what problem I have, they should come and check me completely and tell me about my condition, that in how much time I will deliver. I will feel respectful when they will do my delivery on time without delay, when they will speak with me politely with a smile, when they will take care of me nicely, if they gave me a bed. They should treat us like family members, no matter whether I am giving birth to a boy or a girl, I should be treated well. They should talk to me nicely, no matter whether it is a nurse, doctor or guy. They should give immunization, injection, medicines and other supplies from hospital. Then only we will share our good experience with other women in the neighborhood, that we are not disrespected there and people are not greedy. What is the point of going there otherwise? There are two other firms that come out of this analysis that I am particularly keen to talk about, something called an I-Poem, which you create by filtering out sentences that the participant begins with an I. And this is a particular section and even the title has been taken from Urmila's narrative. So here Urmila is describing about her episiotomy experience. The poem is called The Lady Doctor was really nice. I told her not to do it, but she forced her hand in me. I told her don't put your hand in me because it was hurting, but they continued to do so, didn't listen to me. I was so angry with the doctor because she called me so many times for vaginal checkups. Every time she told me the passage did not open. I didn't like it. I was shouting and crying due to pain, but still doctor kept on suturing. I asked them for Bihoshi Ki Dawa Anastasia, but they were not listening to me and kept doing it. I thought my problems are over after giving birth, but the real challenge was post birth. I was screaming. The doctor and sisters were holding me down from all sides and kept stitching me. I felt all of it. I kept screaming and asking for Anastasia. I felt all of it. I didn't have such pain in my first delivery while stitching. I like the behavior of my doctor and one of the nurses. I didn't like those two frowning sisters who shouted at me. The way women share their stories, it's not always one kind of voice and that is what came out in this very detailed and complex analysis. Something we call contrapuntal voices and this framework, it's coming out in the publication soon, uses the language of music where you see it's not always a voice of sorrow or pain or silence. There is the voice of anger, desirability, resistance, triumph, happiness, all of it and that you understand when you listen and re-listen the audio recordings and you read again and again the transcript that you have. Something that you will get a little idea of when I read Perot's birthing story. It's going to take me around five minutes but I request that you look at Perot's birthing map on the side when you listen to me read her story. My heart was beating out of my chest because I knew what was going to happen next. He held my hand tightly, a stranger but it felt good. As if someone my own is keeping me calm. Scared, I asked him to press his hand on my chest on my heart. I'm 29 years old, government school teacher and this was my second childbirth a year ago. Memories of my first birth have traumatized me. Everything is still fresh in my mind. Even now when I think about it, I just know never again. I wasn't in pain but I was leaking some fluid so everyone took me to the government hospital that morning. There were many women all waiting for their turn but then I saw that doctor wearing a plastic glove checking everyone in that dirty environment. I ran from there. I was taken to a private hospital next. The lady doctor just made the nurse lift my petticoat and nighty up and force her hand inside me without any explanation. I started screaming and crying out of pain. You can never have a normal birth if you cannot bear this pain. The next three days I was in observation when I was given 19 bottles of fluids, many injections to increase the labor pain and numerous vaginal examinations.  I was frustrated and complained to the doctor. Why does everyone has to first insert a hand in me without even talking to me? Is there no other way to check? She said nothing. My mother says women have to endure that to have a child. Even now sometimes I tell mummy that wasn't right. I was in the cafeteria with my family when the nurse came and just dragged me by my hand to the operation theatre. No explanation given. My family stayed outside the OT. There were eight men in the room all in regular clothes like they're on a picnic. One of them said get up gave me an injection on my back and made me lie down. No explanation given again. That's when I realized I'm going to get operated. No one told me. My only solace was that there won't be any labor pain. Another man blindfolded me because the less I see the less uncomfortable I will be. I felt someone was taking my petticoat off and lifting my knighty to my chest. They were treating me like a doll or like an animal doing whatever they want not caring about me at all like I did not exist. I was filthy and my hair tangled without a shower in four days my clothes getting drenched in my fluid and drying on me. I did not know anyone in that room. I asked about my lady doctor to this other guy who was apparently her son. She arrived later. They played music in the OT. It was calming. There were other sounds too of instruments and scissors cutting through me like they are cutting a jewel crab. Everyone was talking amongst themselves while they took the girl out of my body. It's a girl they discussed and I thought I will tie her hair in two pony tails and take her to school with me. I stayed in the hospital for 10 days after that because I had fever and chills and was recovering from surgery. Meanwhile the baby's doctor did not tie my baby's cot properly which kept bleeding. She got infection the same night and my husband had to take her to another hospital three kilometers away every day for injections. I struggled to breastfeed her and even hold her properly. I cried when I couldn't have a normal birth the second time with my son two years later. The doctor pressed on the incision and it hurt. It can get torn and you might get a cut down there anyways you need a big operation she said. The normal birth's pain lasts four days but the misery of cesarean section lasts for years and breaks your body. In the beginning sometimes the incision used to hurt like someone dropped chili powder on it. For the medicine I was prescribed to apply on it to get rid of the pain and redness in the first place. This was a quack in our village who considers himself our area's doctor. My husband asks why did you not get sterilized if you don't want another child? You get sterilized I tell him. He makes excuses that he'll get weak so we both don't get it done but I do tease him saying my life is in your hands when we get intimate. I feel I needed to share these with someone. It all needed to come out as I could not talk about it with anyone. That day somehow got over but those haunting memories have stayed with me and I hope you could hear some of these contrapuntal voices that I have been talking about. So in conclusion I think about all these narratives that you're hearing. The point is about listening and learning. As you will see many people are saying the same thing and to do that we also need to go through a process of unlearning. So while I'm listening and learning I'm also kind of taking it forward and passing it on by writing about it, publishing about it, presenting in conferences, getting platforms like this to share women's stories. I am also writing furiously about the sexism, the patriarchy, the political nature of this problem that exists. I take up activism every chance I get and this is a picture from the what women want campaign. I had led that in the United Kingdom which is one of those 114 countries and to create more awareness and to make people more comfortable and more aware about obstetric violence as a problem and so they acknowledge and talk about it to address it. I started the obstetric violence journal club which is on Twitter and I would love for you to join it. The link is right there. And lastly there is something called a birth and body book club that I also run where I talk about literature from around the world on birth and body because during my PhD I had felt there is kind of an inequality or an equity and the global birth literature was kind of dominant from global north and there was not much narrative from the global south that was coming in. So I'm trying to bring a balance on that. The book club exists on Twitter and Facebook and I have realized that I mostly talk about obstetric violence even now in the book club given my PhD but that will change soon. So with that thank you very much. My Twitter ID is there. If you are taking selfies I hope you still have the energy to do that. Please do tag me on that and I hope you break all the Twitter selfie records of the idea going forward. Thank you so much for giving me the opportunity. Thank you. Kaveri that almost leaves me speechless. Now is time for yeah look at the comments. Wow how inspiring. This your work is an emotionally heavy and emotionally burdening type of work and I'm so grateful that you have the strength to do it and to talk with us today about it. We can take questions from the participants. You can write them in the chat box if you'd like to ask a question. You can unmute your microphone. I see Jane and Karleen are typing. Yeah Jane says you are so brave and so she's so grateful you have the strength for this. Thank you. Those are beautiful words. I'm going to copy this chat and keep it wherever I feel down. Yeah actually we will have a copy Kaveri and we'll send it to you. Thank you. Does anybody have a question for Kaveri? This works. I'm trying to think in I guess. Yeah it takes time to feel that and then gather yourself so that you can ask a question. I saw Jane wanted to ask a question. I know you talked about the global south but the global north is also suffering. Obstetrical violence both in personal observations and professional observations specifically in my family and also with women of color that I've cared for in the United States of America and I would just really like to ask how do we start when I've tried to address this with the powers that be the obstetricians, the midwives. I'm referred to that this is normal education for obstetricians that they need to do an unnecessary forceps. They need to have a vacuum that's not required because this is required as part of some kind of training and I was just wondering how do we start addressing this need both within our families personally and within professional settings and thank you so much for beginning this conversation. Thank you so much for that question. We have to first understand that this is a complex problem and there is no easy solution and I think the beginning would be to acknowledge that it exists and there is quite a bit of denial amongst the healthcare workers community right now as well and amongst people who are suffering through this as well they sometimes don't want to you know talk about it because you're talking about your healthcare provider in some cases they are the only healthcare providers available in the whole community who will take care of your children who will take care of your the elderly in your family so you do not want to be the reason for that healthcare worker who has probably agreed to be in the remote area to be taken away. I showed a slide which had which had like this framework it talks about the drivers and it talks about all the things related to the nurse midwife and the women I mentioned about these two people because they are the key stakeholders in birth and you look at their personal attributes you look at their immediate environment related attributes and you look at the context the larger context so when you look at that that only gives you a few bullets but it's like a comprehensive list you can think of the context of the area you work in or the country you are a part of there is no one solution which can be replicated immediately in another country even in India it's so diverse I think we'll struggle to you know we have to find a solution in every area every community we go to but it kind of helps you to plan and what are the levels where changes have to be made who are the stakeholders you need to engage with and listening to women in the process again and again to understand that change is the most important and one traditional way of training that has even in India and most lower income countries we see that whatever problem we see we start training midwives we start training nurses we add more to the curriculum I don't think that's a solution if the point is about sexism if the point is about patriarchy if it is the context that needs to be addressed you need to enable the environment and make it possible for them to flourish and sometimes for that you have to target people who are on top of the power ladder first you have to target the doctors you have to target policymakers politicians people who hold that power to make space for them to move out only then will people we are you know wanting to listen to will come out I'm sorry that was a very long answer looking somebody was asking there are so many comments somebody was asking about the links to the journal the links to the digital journal links to the digital journal digital journal I'm sorry I'm going back and maybe that was it Kavari maybe the journal club yeah okay okay so this is the this is the book club link and this is the journal club on twitter if you find me on twitter then everything is there on my bio there all the links so that is an easy one any any more questions Karleen was somebody speaking no I was okay Karleen asked can you consider how to create partnerships with physician champions absolutely I feel we have this example of Vita Fernandez in India who is just so genuinely honest about you know her kind of training as an obstetrician in India and her practice and then the process of understanding the harm there is in that and I'm not just saying about medical education but but those aspects of you know patriarchy and colonialism use you see that in the nursing and midwifery curriculum as well and you know she she talks about unlearning and then learning this whole process of how to collaborate how it can be a teamwork and that collaboration is also something where interventions should be targeted because when you target interventions just at midwives somewhere it also makes it look like we are the part of the problem like I'm the only abuser in this facility that you see a problem and you're only targeting the nurses the team approach will include everyone who is going to be a part of care provision so that they can all ensure that care is respectful in whatever role they are playing in the care provision for that person but I think honest communication respectfulness within team members is the first thing that needs to be you know looked into if you do not have respectful communication and a respectful relationship within your team it's kind of like a domino effect you you abuse the one who's next in the hierarchy so even way before that we you need to address the birthing environment and the relationships there before we even talk about approaching them thank you kivari there's also a question about your i poems are they reproduced anywhere um well uh well they are under review right now they are accepted in a journal and that framework about the contrapuntal voices and with i poems it's all coming in one publication uh but but it's it's under review right now but it is coming out and i will shout out on all my social media platforms when it does carleen i know you were trying to speak were all the questions you wanted answered addressed carleen's microphone is on but we're not getting any sound i see a different question from katie uh okay should i should i take yeah yeah please kivari um it says i think katie saying when respect is so important why are we still using the word delivered thanks for pointing that out that is something that i kind of say in all my meetings in all the reports in you know the professional work that i do um and i kind of now take a strict approach that you know i personally don't use the word delivered unless the participant has used it then i insert it even in the translation like in the indian context we say the word delivery very easily even people who do not speak english at all some of these words are there in our vocabulary delivery is that word and i think it obviously seeped in from you know the care providers the doctors the nurses the midwives us using the word delivery so often that has gone into their vocabulary but even when i review papers and i always encourage people that we we cannot say that we have to say birth and not just that i will mention this particular commentary in lancet that came out very recently i think a couple of months back it it says something the title is something about mind your language and it's not an exhaustive list but it kind of gives a table and shows that some of these languages that are being used in in the birthing settings and an alternate better example that can be used and but again when it comes to language this change is based on context so in your own language you will find there are some of these words and terminologies or ways of approaching people that are you know quite bad and you need to find alternative in your own language and more respectful ways of communicating absolutely but thanks for bringing that out


Hello there! So a little while ago I realized that in the month of June, I have a lot of big videos that are going to take a while to get out. Like, you just saw Save the Pearls a little while ago, but it's going to take me a little while to get Zabiba and the King out. In fact, I don't know if it'll even be out this month. I have a scripted video on The Giver coming out, which you'll see. I want to get my video on Wattpad stories out because I just, I know I promised it a while ago, but it just, it takes a while to put together. And so I realized I needed something kind of quick to put out there. And I realized, you know what, let's just do another top 10 video. And this is going to be the top 10 series I will not finish. And by that I mean, it's books that have sequels. And I've read at least one in the series, but I just have no interest in continuing for whatever reason. And that's pretty simple. So I guess let's get started. This is the introduction song. It's not very good, but it's not too long. Starting off the list at number 10 is going to be The Rain. Now, this is not to be confused with The Rain, which was a zombie series I read last year, which I think is pretty good. This is The Rain, which in the United Kingdom I believe is called H2O, which is a little confusing. And I read it just a couple of months ago at the beginning of the year, just while I was, you know, on a trip. So I was flying in airports and stuff. And it has a neat premise.  And this bacteria hangs out in water and it's flesh eating.  And if you drink it, it'll kill you very quickly. And basically, it's just about a teenage girl who gets caught up in all this. Most of her family dies pretty early on. And she's just like, okay, how am I going to survive? And it's a good premise, but that's kind of it. You know, like she starts off on a journey, which is even mentioned in the summary. But it's not, she doesn't actually start until what halfway through the book. And well, that's kind of all there is to it really. Is this a terrible book? No, I think there's some moments in there which really hammer home just how awful the situation is getting. And we do see societies start to break down and then very quickly crumble because so many people are dying right away. You know, you can't just drink water out of the tap anymore. And there's very few sources left.  And it's kind of interesting. But then by the end, you start getting to this point where I don't know why, but the government is evil all of a sudden and the main character girl meets up with like four other people who are refugees and we're supposed to suddenly care about them after not knowing them at all. And it's just, I don't know. I know there's only one sequel, but I don't know where the story is even supposed to go from this point. So I just didn't see the point continuing. Number nine is obsidian. And this is one that I did a video on a few months ago. If you want to check it out, go ahead. And the title of that video was just that obsidian is basically twilight with aliens. And yeah, pretty much that's it. Now I don't think it's a terrible book series or rather I don't think the first book is terrible. I thought it was okay. It was done competently in a few points. You know, it's basically just girl moves to a town has a weird mysterious neighbor who she's kind of into finds out he's an alien finds out there's evil aliens, etc. And I think it's fine for the most part. But there's just nothing that's really drawing me in to continue, you know, like, I know that we have the good alien Damon, who is like a light alien, and he's fighting the nightmen who are the evil shadow aliens, which could maybe be kind of interesting, but the lore surrounding them is a little weird. And it seems like even Damon and most of his other light aliens don't actually know much about their origins. And, you know, maybe that could work as like an adventure story type deal. But it's a romance story. So it's really not going to focus on that. And that's a frustrating part about a lot of romance stories is that the romance overtakes everything else, even when the other stuff is kind of interesting. And I will say that the first book also ends in such a way where it you don't it's not a cliffhanger, you know, you don't need to read more to feel like you're getting the whole story. It feels like, yeah, okay, they they had more adventures, they lived happily ever after yada fricking yada. And honestly, maybe I would have continued this whole series if the video I made on it got a whole bunch more attention. But it, I mean, I just looked a little while ago, it barely broke 10k views. And I mean, I'm fine with that, but I just don't feel like investing a lot more time in it for my own personal enjoyment. And I don't feel like investing more time in it for like the entertainment of the YouTube masses. So it's just gonna fade into the background of my memory and be like, yeah, that was that was a thing that happened. I don't know, maybe the other books are terrible anyways. But that's all. Number eight will be the first really controversial one on this list, I think. And that's Hunter Hunter. Now Hunter Hunter is a manga series. It's been around for a very long time. It's very popular. It's about this kid named Gown, who decides he wants to go and find his father one day, who he's never really met. And he joins up with an organization, which is called The Hunters. And it's a weird secret society of like martial artists who just kind of go around doing stuff that they feel like doing. It's actually pretty vague. I've actually had a video in the back of my mind for quite a while that I still want to do at some point about how Hunter Hunter is overrated. And I don't think it's bad. I think it's a good series. It just annoys me when people sing its praises to high heaven. And I think part of the issue here, after thinking it over for a bit, is that part of the appeal of Hunter Hunter is that it is really subversive and plays around with a lot of tropes that are common in Shonen Battle Manga. But specifically, it's playing around with tropes that were popular in Shonen Battle Manga in the 90s. So stuff like Yu Yu Hakusho, which was written by the same author as Hunter Hunter, or Ruroni Kenshin, or the early stages of Naruto, things like that. And so if you've read all those, then Hunter Hunter is a lot better because it's actually doing new stuff. It's kind of like how Game of Thrones is a good series on its own, but it's better if you have read a bunch of Epic Fantasy because then you see how it's playing around with all these ideas and doing them in a new way. It's similar to that. The issue here is that Shonen Manga has changed quite a bit since the 90s. You know, like throughout the 2000s, and especially in the 2010s, we had, I don't want to say like a resurgence or anything that dramatic, but like things do change, you know, different things become popular and different character types are starting to be used, different storylines are starting to be used, the art style changes, you know, something like Ruroni Kenshin in something like Fairy Tale or My Hero Academia or Black Clover or anything like that. They're all quite a bit different than the older stuff. And so because Hunter Hunter was playing around with tropes and stuff from the 90s, nowadays it just doesn't seem as subversive and original as it used to, you know what I mean? And so part of my enjoyment for the series has slipped off, died off, however you want to put that just because of that reason. Like we already have a bunch of other stuff that's doing it differently and so it just feels out of date. And another reason for this being that I feel the series reached a good stopping point, like it reached a point where it could have been like, yep, this is the end and that's all. Have a nice day, folks. But that was not the end, it kept going after that. Like without going into too much spoilers, basically it reaches a point where it completes all of his life goals and then it decides to just bring in more stuff.  Here's some more adventures and all that. Here you go. Here's some more stuff. That's what you want, right? Which maybe would have been fine. However, the author, Togashi Yoshihiro, is a very sick man and he constantly has to go on hiatus, partially because he just doesn't have the motivation to like write anymore and partially because he just has health problems. You know what I mean? And I totally understand him not wanting to do it. Like you do you, man. Like if you just want to retire, enjoy your life, that's totally fine. I get it. But the problem is that we're never going to finish Hunter Hunter. Like we're never going to reach the end. Whether Yoshihiro just dies before he gets to finish it or he just says, I'm going on hiatus and then never comes back. We're never going to get a proper ending. And so that's why it's frustrating and I'm just not really interested in the dark content and stuff. So in my mind, after the election arc, that's it. You know, we only need, we don't need anything more. Number seven, The Fallen. Again, not to be confused with Fallen, which I already read in that series was terrible, but it was terrible in a funny way. So The Fallen also deals with Fallen Angels and stuff. And I checked it out a couple months ago because, you know, after reading all those weird Young Adult Angel romances, I was kind of interested in seeing Angel Young Adult action adventure stuff because there were a whole bunch of those as well. And who knows, I might do a video on some of those someday, but we'll see. And the Fallen is kind of like that. You know, it's just main character kid who is a foster child. He never knew his real parents. He lives a normal life beyond that. Suddenly gets swept into this hidden magical world, finds out he has angel powers, and goes on adventures. You know, pretty standard stuff. The main issue I had here, and I actually read the first two books of this series because I checked it out from the library and I didn't realize it was the first two books in one. So it was, I was like halfway through thinking, wow, this first book is really long for this type of series. And then it got to the end and I realized, oh, okay, it's not that crazy. The thing is the main character doesn't actually get pulled into the adventure really until the end of the first book. You know, like he's going around seeing all these hints of this magical world finds out that there's like angels and stuff out there, finds out he has these crazy powers, and then gets sucked into it.  You know, Percy Jackson, he has all these hints of what's going on.  But that's like the first act of the story. And then the majority of it is him actually going on this adventure. Whereas, like the climax of the first The Fallen book is main character realizing, okay, I have to go off and save my brother now. And then the second book is mostly just a road trip. Like I straight up barely remember anything that happened there. And I only read it a couple of months ago, which is not a good sign because I usually have a pretty good memory, not always. Sometimes things slip by me. I'm only human, but I usually have a pretty good memory. And basically all I remember is, yeah, he's driving down the road for a while. He has a talking dog who only he can really talk to because he healed him with his angel powers. It's not very well explained. He's just kind of powerful, just because. And then he at the end just fights the Leviathan, which again kind of comes out of nowhere. But I guess he's just really powerful without any training or anything. And so yeah, like part of this is just like, okay, it's aimed at a younger audience. So I'm just not that interested in continuing. But even then I can point out how it's clumsily done. You know, again, I still love stuff like Harry Potter and Percy Jackson partially because of nostalgia, but also partially because they're just well done stories. They're well put together. And the fall in is clumsily done. And plus it's a fairly long series. It's like seven books. So I just, I don't know, it's not bad enough to make fun of. It's not enjoyable enough to justify going through it on my own. And it's just, it would be a big time sink. So I'm not really going to continue. That's all. Number six, children of time. Now, let me, before anyone gets upset, let me finish, I really love children of time. I think it's a great book. It's about, well, basically humans try to colonize other planets after Earth has died. And then some things go horribly wrong during the terraforming process.  And that sounds horrifying, but it kind of is. But they wind up making their own civilization. It's really interesting and neat to see how that would go and to look at how different evolutionary paths could have taken place. You know, the way things work on Earth is not the way it would have had to 100% have worked on every other planet out there. So that's really interesting. There's a very tense story about just trying to save the remnants of humanity and can they even coexist with these spiders? And you know, that sort of thing. It's a very good story. It's definitely a niche. It's not for everybody. I think a lot of people would not be as interested in all these weird sci-fi concepts as I am, certainly. But it's just, I don't think they can really do anything more with this concept. You know, like I know the sequels have them going to a planet with Octopi instead of spiders and how Octopi are all kind of schizophrenic because of the way their brains are set up or something. And so I guess maybe that could be interesting, but I just, I already spent a long time going through this book because it's a long book. And like I said, it's a very fascinating concept to just see, okay, things can be very different than the way they happen here. You know, our civilization, our evolutionary process could have been very different, but it seems like the Octopi are just going to be doing that same thing again, only it's different than before.   And it's not that that was bad in the first book, it's just that that's not what I was there for. And I don't know if they would have carried the whole thing on its own, but I don't know, I don't have a whole lot to say here. Like I don't hate children of time by any means, I think it's great. I just think that the series has done all it can and there's no need for more of it. Number five, Ascendance of a Bookworm. This one is going to be controversial too, because I mean, I talked about it a while ago and for some reason, whenever I talk about anime, manga or light novel things, those are the most controversial takes I can have. Like I get more hate for those than even like political stuff that I make. It's really obnoxious and annoying, but you know, Ascendance of a Bookworm, I don't think is very good. The story is about a young Japanese woman who dies one day and then she's reincarnated in a fantasy world in the body of a young girl and she thinks, I'd be happy as long as I can have books, but she's a peasant in another world, so most people can't read and even when they can read books are super expensive, so she's just trying to do that. And here's the thing. In anime, light novels, manga, Isakai stories have really taken over in the past like 10-ish years and if you're unfamiliar, Isakai is just the Japanese word for another world or different world, and it's basically just stories about characters getting transported to a fantasy world and going on adventures there. Like this is not an anime exclusive thing, you know, things like The Wizard of Oz or Gulliver's Travels or Alice in Wonderland, like those would also be Isakai stories, you know. But Ascendance of a Bookworm is a very different way of doing it, because rather than just a teenage boy going there and having crazy powers and soaking up attention from all these hot women all around him, which is basically every Isakai story that has come out lately, this one is different and it's a bit more low-key, you know. It's not about saving the world or anything, it's just she wants books so she's trying to make them.  I have a limited amount of time in my life, I have other stuff I want to do, you know, video games I want to play, books I want to read, I'm not going to waste all this time going through all that stuff, because that's just really boring. I'll give it points for originality, but just because you're different does not mean you're good.  Number four, Dragon Conjurer. So this is another one where I did a review of it months ago, and the only reason I did that is because a friend of mine asked me to.  So again, this is very similar to a lot of stories from anime and manga, which I did talk about in the review. It's basically just a magical harem anime in book form, which before I read it I didn't realize that that's actually super common. Like you can check Amazon, there's a ton of these all over the place, and it's not a horrible story is the thing. Like it's bad, yes, but it's not so bad that I can laugh at it for the most part. It's just kind of very straightforward wish fulfillment, and honestly you can tell that the book's kind of just having fun with itself, so I'm not, I'm not too upset with it for any real reason. And there are a couple of positives that set it aside, set it apart from all of the other entries in that genre. Like for starters, the characters are college-aged rather than high school-aged, so when things get sexual I feel less weird about it.  I should not be watching this or reading this. You know, there's that, and characters are also old enough that they can actually have sex rather than just having it be like hinted at and surrounding the main character and all that. So yeah, overall it's like, again, it's just dumb, but it's not bad enough where it's really funny, and I can have a lot of content and material to mine from it. It's just kind of dull overall, and I don't feel like investing more time in it, but I totally understand if you're a fan of this series either ironically or unironically. I just, I don't want to spend more time going over it. Number three, Honor Harrington. So I read the first book in the series several years ago, and it was good. It's a very famous series, or very famous. It's big in circles who are fans of military sci-fi. You know, like it's David Weber's flagship series sort of, and I was introduced to him through the Starfire series, which I maintain is very, very good. But the thing about the Starfire series is that a lot of the strategy and tactics in the battles were really great because all their technology was so limited. Like the way they traveled between different solar systems was through these wormholes basically. And so that would have a choke point for ships and stuff to go in and out. And so ships also were much slower. You know, they couldn't go speed of light. It would take them days or weeks to go across space. And so that limits them quite a bit in what they can and can't do, which means that they have to work within those limits and try and find ways around those limits when they're fighting.  It's nice. Whereas Honor Harrington, the ships just kind of like go through warp space or something. It wasn't super well explained, at least not in the first book. Maybe they do later. And I don't know, it just felt like they could do too much. And so the tactics were a lot simpler. And it felt like Honor Harrington, the main character just wins because she's the main character and because other people are dumb. And it feels weird saying that because she's not a terrible main character by any means. She's fine. She's just a little perfect, I guess, you know. And it's the type of series which just has a perfect main character, you know, like Dirk Pitt is another good example. He's just a perfect main character. So you're supposed to have fun watching him, which is fine. It's just not my cup of tea. And then outside of that, there was this whole political conflict, which I appreciate that they went into a lot of detail with it. I thought that was neat. I thought this whole morality about colonizing alien planets where the aliens are really primitive and how you can utilize them to your advantage and play them off of other colonial powers. I thought that was kind of neat. And I did like the battle at the end where all the aliens were basically high on on amphetamines and then they all just zerg rush to the human defensive point. Sorry, I could not think of the word there. The human defensive point and even though the aliens had primitive technology, the humans still had to use some clever tactics to win. I thought that was a pretty good part of the climax. It just was the space battle that bothered me. However, outside of that, some of the political stuff was just weird or annoying. For instance, the main country that the main characters come from is like a monarchy which was set up in space. And they actually go into some history about how and why it's a monarchy. And it was kind of weird and at first it seemed almost like it was promoting monarchy and saying, hey, this is the best form of government, which I thought was dumb. But after looking over some of David Weber's blog and some things he said about how governments work over the years, I don't think he was saying that. He was basically just saying like, hey, liberal democracy is not like the pinnacle of human civilization. We can backslide or go forward and back in different ways. So okay, in that sense, it's interesting.   And it just mentions like the centrist parties are more rational and more intelligent in the way they deal with things. And I mean, it doesn't go into a lot of detail about that. It is a little simplistic, but it's not like he was trying to push any harsh agendas or anything. It's just on top of all these issues that I had, which are not too terrible when it's in one book, but they would probably stack up over time. Honor Harrington is also just a very, very long series. And I don't feel like investing that much time in it. So yeah, it's a long-winded explanation. But that's all. Number two, this one's also going to be controversial, I think. Malazan. You know, I do not feel like reading more Malazan. I read the first book years and years ago, but I'm just, I'm not continuing after that. Like I, the thing about Malazan is that everyone talks about how amazing it is.  This is not amazing.   That's not, that's being harsh. I think I gave it like three stars when I first read it because there are some bits that are kind of interesting, kind of droomy. And here's my question.  Like, explain to me in a couple of sentences what the actual story of that series is. It's kind of difficult to do because it's more just the story of this entire world from what I've gathered. And there's nothing inherently wrong with that. However, you still need some characters to draw us in and they're just way too many that are introduced and they just sort of throw them at you and don't give you any real detail about who they are or what sort of lives they lead. It's just, yeah, these people are here. You like them, right? They're cool. In some cases, I guess, but for the most part, they're just eyes through which we're watching this. And they're not particularly interesting eyes through which we're watching this. But then we also don't get that much detail about the world. I don't need it to be explained in a bunch of monologues or anything, but you've got to give me some detail that I can work things out of my own. We didn't get that here in any real way. I remember there was some big empire, but beyond that, I don't remember getting a feel for this world and how it works and what it's like.  There's a medieval level of technology. There's some magic, and that's everything. And that's about it.  That's all.  Stop asking me. And number one, drumroll please, is the giver. Look, like I said, I have a video coming out on this later. I'm gonna go into plenty of detail about why I hate this book, why it's terrible. But the gist of it is that it's a horrible dystopia where everything is awful and the world, the society is terrible and don't you hate it? And it doesn't do a very good job of arguing that the society is terrible. Like in some ways, sure, it seems bad, but in a lot of ways, it seems pretty good overall. And it just seems almost like a privileged position that it's coming from to say like, oh, this is so terrible.  Look, they murder all these babies. Isn't that terrible? And it just, it just didn't work for me, not even when I was 12 years old. And that might have been fine if the book didn't break its own rules at times, because like it tries to make it seem like this society, everyone has to be basically the same, except for a couple of small differences. But they also don't allow twins to exist because they're too similar. It, like things like that, you know, it just doesn't make any sense. And then we have like an actual story where the main character rather than just overthrowing everything at the end and making it a power fantasy or anything like that, he just runs off and it's very heavily implied that him running off changes things significantly. But we don't know exactly what happens and we don't really need to know exactly what happens. But he might be dead, he might not be. And then there's apparently a bunch of sequels which focus on different societies and it's revealed that he's still alive. And I don't know, it's just, it's just dumb, I'm not reading more. And so, yep, that was my top 10 list. If there are any other series that you started and will never finish, talk about them down below.   Oh boy, that was, that was a long one. Thank you so much for watching if you made it this far. If you see all these names on the screen here, those are the names of my patrons. They give me money over on Patreon. And if you want to get your name here and get access to things like early access to videos, then consider donating. My $10 up patrons are Appo Savalainen, Olivia Rayan, Brother Santotis, Buffy Valentine, Carolina Clay, Dan Anceliovic, Dark King, Dio, Echo, Eevee, Flax, Great Griebo, Carcat Katsune, Liza Rudikova, Lord Tiebreaker, Madison Lewis Bennett, Matthew Bodro, Microphone, Peep the Toad, Return of Cardamom, Sad Martigan, Celia the Vixen, Tesla Shark, Vaivictus, and Wesley. Without you guys, I don't know if I'd be able to do this. And if you can't give money on Patreon or you just don't want to, then just subscribe to my channel, like this video, comment on it to help spread it around, or maybe become a YouTube channel member, which is similar, but you don't have to create another account or send me a tip over on PayPal. Those are all great. Anyways, I'll see you next week. Have a nice day, night, whatever time it is. Goodbye.


The bell invites me, here at night, don't get poor, it is a nail that summons thee to heaven. The fatal bellman, which gives the sternest goodnight. This is a sorry sight. A foolish thought to say a sorry sight. There's one who did laugh in his sleep, and one cried murder, that they did wake each other. Not as pictures. This, my hand, would rather the multitude in the seas incarnate, I'm making the green one red. It's a rub of your color. Oh, my deed, to a best not know myself. And I'm against God, but couldn't that equivocate you in heaven? Come hither for stealing out of a French house. Roast your goose. Confusion now has made his masterpiece. Most sacrilegious murder has broke up the laws of the Temple and Stone Amendment, the life of the building. Why, is it you say the life? The spring, the head, the fountain of your blood is stopped. The very source of it is stopped. Your royal father was murdered. By whom? But I repaired me, my fury, that I did kill them. Did you so? Upon my head, they placed a fruitless crown and put a baron scepter in my grip. Hence to be arranged with an unlinear hat. No son of mine succeeded. For Banquo's issue, have I filed my mind? Duncan, have I murdered? In my eternal jewel, given to the common enemy of man, make them kings. Banquo. What's the time, please? All this shall give way. I am in blood stepped in so far, and self-amuse is the initiative he wants, hard use. And what we all speculative, they're unsure, hopes relate. Certain issue, strokes must arbitrate. Twirl the war to the last syllable. Lead us to our first battle. Macduffin, we shall take upon us what remains to do according to our order. Very well. Do we find the time to power tonight? There's the meaning if we cannot fight. Turn, kill, harm. Do each one, when we invite to see us crowned at school. And to emphasize the fact that Macbeth is really a timeless play, not just about Scotland in the 11th century, which is when it's set, but it's also about our own times. Shakespeare is making a statement about human nature, which is timeless and universal. And he's talking about issues of leadership, which are timeless, and issues of power and how it can be corrupted. So I think the modern dress really helps to just make people aware of that and make those connections. And they go and they see what's happening in the world. And then they go to see a play about something that happened a long time ago, but it's set in current times. And they say, aha, this is not really that distant from us at all. It's not just a period piece. It's now. It's happening now.


Hello, my name is Tamara Cochran and I'm an MLAS candidate at the iSchool at SJSU and this year's recipient of the HW Wilson Foundation and Graduate Student Scholarship Awards. My time at the iSchool so far has connected me with a vibrant student community and I've been involved with the ASIS student chapter and the student research journal. The HW Wilson Foundation Scholarship stood out to me because of its connection to professional association and ongoing contribution to the profession. The Graduate Student Scholarship resonated with me as an award built by donation and a testament to the engaged community that exists around the iSchool at SJSU. It is with my sincere thanks that I accept these two awards for the 2016 scholarship year. The support of these scholarships is a meaningful contribution towards the completion of my MLAS with the iSchool at SJSU. Thank you.


This tiger's reaction after seeing a pregnant woman is the most incredible thing you'll see today. We have to admit that getting up close and personal with a tiger isn't really up there on our priority list. Not only are they unpredictable wild animals, but they don't seem to play well with others either. For one woman, a fun day at the zoo turned into a bewildering encounter with a tiger, which might make you think twice about how safe you are visiting the local zoo. What until you see what happens? Tigers are known for their strong and muscular bodies, which help propel them towards prey at neck-breaking speeds. Their large heads combined with extremely powerful jaws create the perfect killing machine when out in the wild. Tigers are also the largest species in the cat family, reaching up to 11 feet in length. To say you wouldn't want to come across a hungry tiger would be an understatement. Like all species, there are subspecies of tigers found all over the world. The subspecies include the Bengal Tiger, Indo-Chinese Tiger, Malayan Tiger, Siberian Tiger, South China Tiger, and the Sumatran Tiger. Britney Osburn decided to go to the zoo one afternoon with her cousin, Natasha. The two women decided to attend a special event being held by the Potawatomi Zoo, which was called Wine on the Wild Side. This is where she got the chance to personally meet a magnificent tiger. The tigers are one of the zoo's main attractions, and it's for good reason. As you soon will see, this Indiana zoo was home to one of the most interesting tigers known to man. Getting close to a tiger is never a safe or smart thing to do, but luckily the tiger was in an enclosure, keeping both of them safe. However, being pregnant can make your safety sensors go into overdrive in order to ensure the safety of your baby. Did you know that a group of tigers is called an ambush?  Although they are fierce predators, they're also extremely loving mothers. They usually keep their cubs with them for two years before separating, something not all wild animals do. A sad but true fact that we think is also important to share is that there are more tigers held as pets than there are in the wild, something we would like to see change in the near future. Britney was 27 weeks pregnant when she decided a nice day at the zoo was just what the doctor ordered. While the overall day was fun, it was what occurred at the tiger enclosure that is nothing short of amazing. Although Britney was protected by a thick glass wall, the sheer force of a tiger makes it hard to believe they can't break right through. After all, tigers can run up to 40 miles per hour and can jump over five meters when necessary. But as the tiger approached, it appeared to be less aggressive and more interested. After sitting down to rest her legs, one of the tigers ran up to the glass partition separating them. While most of the zoo animals tend to ignore their human admirers, this tiger was more than just a little curious when it came to pregnant Britney. At first, Britney was slightly alarmed. Did the tiger want to attack her? Thankfully, those fears were quickly eased when the tiger began to rub his face on the glass. Talk about a perfect photo op moment. The tiger showed no signs of being aggressive whatsoever, in fact, he was whining and trying to paw at the glass to get to Britney. Did he see her as an appetizer or did he truly want some cuddle time? Regardless, Britney's friends were amused, to say the least. It was quite the sight to see in real time, something they will remember forever. Showing more affection as time goes on, Britney stood up to show the tiger her pregnant belly. To say the animal was obsessed, would be an understatement. The tiger was visibly enamored by her baby bump. According to experts who watched the video, it was concluded that the tiger could have possibly been smelling certain pheromones that are released during pregnancy. With Britney being so far along, the pheromones were intoxicating to the large tiger. In the wild, most tigers avoid any contact with humans. However, statistics have shown that tigers cause more human deaths through direct attacks than other mammals. This is due to their lack of interaction with people on a daily basis. The bond between a mother tiger and her baby is a strong one. In fact, other animals in the wild will not attack a tiger cub due to the protective nature of the mother. Is it possible that this tiger was bonding with Britney's unborn child?  Honestly, we feel the same way.  We've seen one too many tiger attack videos on YouTube, let's just say, they ain't pretty. Normally, tigers are majestic and slightly terrifying, but this sure is one cuddly tiger, we have to admit. Thankfully, this tiger had no intentions of trying to attack and was just seeking out some love and affection. Somehow, the tiger knew there was a precious little one in their presence. This truly is a magical experience between man and beast. What do you think? Is the tiger simply curious about Britney's belly or is it possible there is a more sinister plot afoot?


Thanks for checking out this unboxing video, and this is the video for the March Snaku box Which if people didn't know what this is just go back to my first video, which was for the February Snaku basically, it's just a bunch of snacks from Japan curated by a guy Shigeki who I think the whole story was that he had been going to Japan For some reason and then coming back to the United States and kept bringing snacks with him and Would give them to other people and they'd be like, oh, can you pick me up this or that when I when you go back? So then he was like hey, I can make a whole, you know business model out of this So that's how you have Snaku. This is the tasting box version Which is the cheaper of the two the regular box has a lot more items and it has more of those items This is usually I think like five to seven items and it's just smaller portions So as it says tasting box, you're just gonna taste a little bit Which is perfect for me because I just want to taste a little I don't want a ton So I'm got my water sitting over here Make sure you got to have some water for these things. So like I said, this is the March one I was quite happy with the February one last month. So go ahead and check that out We'll read off the card. So this one it doesn't say it on the card, but this is Osaka This is the theme for Osaka for March Just as a reminder like each month. That's a different region typically that's that's highlighted except for last month, it was just kind of like love or like things associated with like Valentine's Day, so Not gonna read you information on Osaka, but if you want to pause and read There you go. You can do that You can read the information on Osaka So there's a few things in here. It's always nicely wrapped in there Packed for how small this is one fell out, but for how small this is is packed pretty tightly See all that stuff tons of stuff. So you're gonna go through this I'm only gonna eat a little bit of each one of these because I then share them with my wife Because she wants to try them So thankfully there's two of these which I'll just kick this off with and this is the Sorry for my pronunciation up front Okonomiyaki Okonomiyaki Sunba I believe It's a savory version of a Japanese pancake made with flour eggs shredded cabbage Meat and topped with a variety of condiments. It's apparently very popular street food That was actually created on these streets of Osaka apparently This one's busted up, which you know That's gonna happen when it's being shipped but Smells fishy So they shrimp You can see Not quite sure exactly what all the stuff is But it's almost very very fishy. It's good It's got like a Like a crunch and a consistency that's between a cracker and a chip really I get a lot of kind of like the seafood Coming through at the end which is coming off kind of like shrimp There's a little sweetness up front Do I love this? No, do I dislike it? Also, no, I'm in the middle on this. I don't like love it. I don't hate it. It's interesting The fishiness is probably what's going to turn most people off. I'm trying to figure out what's on there. I can't I think Looks like maybe like a dehydrated tomato on there Can't really pick out all that many actual items, but yeah, it might not be Shrimp actually it might just be like pieces of dehydrated fish on here, but That's an interesting one the Okonomiyaki Senpai Not bad not my favorite but not bad. I haven't feeling my wife's not gonna like that one We'll see. All right, so the next one this one's real interesting looking This is a black sesame Senpai.  Oh There's like a tanginess Upfront I get that with a lot of like rice crackers and um, that's one of the things I really like about rice crackers So this starts with that tanginess. It's more dense than I thought it was gonna be but that's good It adds more crunch. So a consistency thing is kind of like a fun thing for snacks for me Hmm So I don't Hmm I was gonna say I don't necessarily taste the sesame, but actually as I was saying that I think I started to actually Taste a little bit of the sesame So really plenty of soy sauce the sweetness on there is almost a little bit like an Apple cider vinegar without the sour vinegar portion of it, which is kind of weird When you definitely get the rice flavor and the sesame, it's really good. I actually really like this I'm a rice cracker fan anyway, so something like this is like bound to please for me So that was the black sesame senpai Mmm. Oh, I'm like the residual like soy sauce On there. Oh my god. Honestly like that like soy sauce Coating on the outside is way more rich and flavorful than any other ones I've had from rice crackers in the United States That's delicious. I like that a lot. Hmm. I hope my wife takes one little bite of it and doesn't like it Cuz I want to finish it Cuz yeah, there's not an additional one in here, boo But you know, so there are two of these though Those this is the a koshi. It's a traditional puffed rice snack Made with Miyazaki rice Oh, so people probably want to see the packaging or some people probably want to see the packaging You can see it right there Yeah, it kind of looks like a rice crispy treat with larger Rice pieces rather crispy like rice crispy pieces. See it's kind of like a yeah, like a rice crispy treat looking ordeal You definitely get a lot of rice Flavor to it There's a sweetness like honey Yeah, it's like puffed rice with like a honey sweetness to it and it comes off a little like cereal like like not quite It's like Golden grams without like the cinnamon almost a little bit like a little graham cracker II pretty good It's just kind of like a Yeah, it's kind of like between Like a rice crispy treat and like graham cracker ash like version of that was a lot of honey flavoring to it It's very like cereal in the way it tastes. I Don't love it. It's okay That um, black sesame senpai was awesome. Uh decent Next thing you get two of these these are sweet bean cakes very excited about these because My favorite thing from the last box had like red bean paste In it, there's just It was like little Pancakes with like a red bean paste in between So let's try these sweet bean cakes soft chewy baked dough filled with Japanese sweet bean paste Yeah, they feel you know, they feel a little bit hard on the outside because they're they're like toasted but A little bit soft when I apply pressure to it and it looks like there's like a sweet sauce Maybe on on the top there and then when I shake it I Can hear the paste on the inside It's like one little brick and it's moving around in there. So I know it's in there It's very cake-like on the outside as you can see bit in there and there's just That bean paste in there It actually kind of tastes similar to that thing I was talking about having last time but Not as good It's mainly just very cakey And it's less like pancake cakey like the other one and more kind of like a really like light cakey cookie It's like sugary a little bit of vanilla to it And then that red bean paste like I described in the last video tastes a decent amount like like fig just like a sweeter version of a fig That's solid Once again, like I don't love it but I like it and Glad I had the opportunity to try let's take that one for last maybe go with this one All right Something I'm potentially not gonna like at all because it's a flavor thing for me. This is Osaka mochi banana That's a traditional baked castella and mochi cake made in Osaka.  Let me qualify that by saying that I like bananas But I don't like banana flavored things and I typically don't like banana in things.  Let me say that much All right.  I try it. I mean if I could see people who like banana stuff really enjoying this It's not for me so much just because Like if you can see that there you go, it's like a You see that it's kind of like a paste in there So it kind of tastes like it has a consistency of like like a mashed up banana, but it's sweeter It's got that banana flavor, but it's sweeter and it also has that kind of like sugary artificial banana flavor as Well and smell But I think that someone who's really into like banana flavored things and things made with banana could really like this It's not my thing though Not my thing Yeah, it's very sweet though. I could see actually kind of enjoying that if it was Literally the same like you know real soft cake on the outside Which is like really nice and soft with actual mashed banana in there with like no extra sweetening I can probably like that, but that's just me The next thing this is interesting Um this looks like this might be an extra something that was thrown in here Yeah, this is an extra because it's not on the card here, and I think this was actually from January's box maybe add some extras Cuz forget what region that was supposed to be But they did a lot of stuff with like potato items and like purple potatoes and stuff like that So I was kind of interested in that so this one looks like a like a little pastry with Whipped like potato purple potato Surprising new sweet with a classic taste is what it says on it But it doesn't say what it is unless I could read Japanese which I cannot Oh, it says tart on there, but It's platinum sweet tart. So I'm assuming it's going to have sweetness to it and be sugary Which would make sense See if I can find an easier way in it has like a little rip tab area Make a little bit of them getting crumbs all over.  That's what smells like sugary That's definitely purple potato You get that immediately from the consistency and like how starchy it is You know how like potatoes like after you've had mashed potatoes And then they like kind of set in the refrigerator like that consistency when you bite into them If you don't warm them back up It's that but there's like a decent amount of sugar added to it and it tastes a little vanilla-y for being potato It doesn't taste as much like potato as I would assume it would so I guess that's in its favor actually because you know Who really wants to eat a pastry that tastes like straight-up potato because potatoes are pretty bland. Let's be honest. I Don't love that It's okay, and it's especially because of what it is like being potato So I don't know Not big on that one, but it's fine Fine next. I'm gonna leave that one for last So you got two of this next one. This one looked very interesting Osaka choco egg It's a bite-sized cake in the shape of an egg covered with white chocolate Apparently these are like really popular in Osaka specifically. So as you can see it says Osaka choco tamago Once again my pronunciation how I'm saying things. I'm sorry I don't know Japanese. I'm just I'm guessing at how these words should be said Okay, here we go Yes, you can tell it's covered in white chocolate And it's egg-shaped Yes, and it's soft though under it because I can squeeze it You definitely taste the white chocolate on the outside It's a little bit waxy as white chocolate typically is There's a little bit of a lemony flavor in there, and it's very very sugary so the inside On the card Looks like it's supposed to have Like some sort of like lemony filling and that you probably won't really be able to see it especially because like the crumbs Let's see if that like helps with the lighting. It's like in there You don't really see it too well, and I believe that's probably where I'm getting that kind of like low Like lemony flavor. There's like a vanilla in there, too. It's very very cakey very light very moist That's pretty good. I Like that one It's good and actually that like while I was saying I do get the flavor of the white chocolate and definitely the like Waxy consistency, I think it's coming off a little bit more vanilla than like white chocolate Which is fine with me because I'm actually not huge on like chocolate. So now we're coming to the final Item it is pucco cola Pucco cola or pucco cola It's a fun fizzy cola flavored yogurt candy and apparently once again. It says on here It's very very popular in Japan not just in Osaka, but Japan in general. Oh Sorry, I probably should have showed you That is the packaging You see some cola over here Yep. All right. I'm gonna give this a try. I'm very interested in this because this could be really weird Individually wrapped kind of like little pieces of gum Okay, so says yogurt covered. Yeah, it looks like it's yogurt covered.  So there you go. Looks like little caramels are soft. Oh Yeah, so it's like a chew. I'm getting a fizz in the middle Dude, these are cool. These are cool. I like this so I Don't need a whole lot of candy like this. I don't need a whole lot of candy in general there were a lot of sweet stuff but I like that a lot Totally tastes like cola It's chewy It's like a little bit chewier When something like a starburst and once you bite and get far enough into the center of it It does kind of like fizz But the fizzy stuff kind of explodes in your mouth And you just kind of like feel the fizz going through that throughout your mouth and the flavor along with that of the cola mmm Totally tastes like cola. It actually tastes like Fitting ones ever had like this little gummy colas, which I think are made by like Haribo or Haribo tastes like that but in like You know like starburst type form Very robust flavor. That's really good totally tastes like cola That's fun. I like that And that's it. That's all it was in there I mean I say all but like that's a good amount because this is $15 and 75 cents And that includes tax that includes shipping So I'm totally good with that So let's do kind of like a little bit of a recap real quick of what I didn't did not like the Osaka choco egg pretty good The mochi banana not my thing. Some people may like it. I don't know the okonomiyaki Senpai Kind of weird it had a lot of fishiness to it But I didn't hate it. It was okay the okoshi Right there that was kind of like the rice crispy treat. I mean it didn't have a whole lot going on It's very like honey like black sesame senpai That was one of my favorite things in this box. That's so tasty. So so tasty Yeah, I really enjoyed that the sweet bean cake down here. That was pretty good A lot of like that sweet red bean flavor to it very bready moist and then the pucco or pucho cola right down there, which we just had excellent very good and then the extra that uh that uh purple potato tart That was I mean it was potatoes with sweet sweetness added Okay Overall, this was good. I got enough stuff out of it that it's totally worth it for me Like I said, it's not a very expensive box or anything. So The main allure is just trying new stuff from over there. It's really really nice Actually, it's interesting because the aftertaste of these like cola things There's like a mintiness in there. That's kind of like lingering in my mouth Which is one of the components of that's going into the cola flavor So it's very interesting But yeah, no, I like this snaku keep doing what you're doing. I cannot wait to get the next one I can't wait to just keep going with this people. Let me know if you like this Please share the video with people tell people about it put a comment down below Like it subscribe. That's a really big thing that people can do is subscribe If I can start monetizing my channel, which I'm a long ways away from being able to do Because you have to have at least a thousand subscribers to start getting into that But if I could monetize it, I would think about expanding maybe doing more food boxes more like item boxes Excuse me, basically whatever people would want to see So please help me with some subscribes get for your friends to subscribe your family members, whatever And that would be really awesome. But thanks for checking this out I would recommend you guys sign up for snaku, too If you liked what you saw here and in the last video, but at the least Keep coming back each month, and I'll tell you what I think of this stuff and until next time keep it brutal. Thanks


How's Billahi Minash Shaitwan, your regime, Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim. Today's topic is IES-1 and in this standard we have to discuss the presentation of financial statements. Now first of all let's see the learning objective of IES-1. Students will be able to prepare financial statement and present them to the shareholders or the other stakeholders as prescribed by the IES-1. Then enable them to take into consideration the quantitative factors while preparing the financial statements so they are useful for the users. Students will start to think about how to assess the performance of the company using the financial statements. Now the objective, scope and purpose. The objective is to prescribe the basis of presentation of financial statement and to ensure comparatability with previous periods and statements of other entities. IES-1 gives the minimum information required in the financial statements but there is no set standards or other format given by the IES that how the reports are going to be submitted but they have given the minimum requirements at least this much should be presented in the statements. So far scope is concerned all the listed companies are supposed to follow these standards because they are issuing shares to the public and the public interest is being washed if they are prepared the statements in the light of IES-1. Now IES-1 aims to prescribe the basis of presentation of financial statements and to ensure comparatability with previous periods and the financial statements of other entities. Now comparative means in the sense that not only the current period but we also report the previous period as well. Like if we are in 22 we are supposed to prepare 22 first and then 29 as well. Both should be prepared. The standard gives the minimum sufficient information required in the financial statements. Scope of IES overall limited companies formed under the companies ordinance and listed companies here means those who are listed in the stock exchange of Pakistan or anywhere in the stock exchange in a particular. Purpose of IES to provide information for decision making to the variety of users and information which is dependable and faithful.


A few years ago, I had an aha moment when Ray Archuleta said to me we don't have a runoff problem, we have an infiltration problem. When farmers realize that they can control infiltration by following soil health principles, good things begin to happen. Really good things. This spring, farmer Al Miron and SDSU's Anthony Bly teamed up together to measure the influence of no-till cover crops and manure on infiltration in a number of fields in Minnehaha County. We caught up with this team and asked them to tell us about their project and how this work resulted in an aha moment for a neighbor. You're basically a farmer slash researcher team that has basically been doing this research together, is that correct? This is on your land, part of this is on my land, part of it is on neighboring land where we had permission from the neighbor to look at water infiltration rates. He wanted to know what they were and the effect of cover crops on water infiltration rates. Then what was this corn stover? This is the same gentleman's land. He had corn the previous year, he removed the stover, he tilled it this spring. I should back up, he deep tilled it last fall and then went through it and tilled it this spring with a soil finisher. Then we looked at the water and planted it into oats by the way. Then we looked at the water infiltration rate on that land which had been recently tilled. Talk to me, what were the things that you guys saw? We first of all wanted to look at whether or not the cover crop would increase water infiltration rate. On my ground which had been no till for nine years and we had planted a cover crop on a part of it. We found that that 1.14 inches of water soaked in in 27 seconds when there was a cover crop. It took somewhat longer but still very good infiltration rates at 40 seconds with the no cover crop portion. Then the second 500 milliliters of water which makes it 2.25 inches took 4 minutes and 46 seconds where there was no cover crop. 3 minutes and 51 seconds where there was a cover crop. Total 2.25 inches took just a little over 4 minutes where there was a cover crop and about 5.5 minutes where there was no cover crop. According to what I know you guys don't usually get 2 inches in 5 minutes. No, not usually but there's been some records set around Sioux Falls. Really intense rainfall. Remind me again, this corn silage land is that actually tilled? Is it conventionally tilled? This was corn silage the previous year and it had been conventionally tilled in the spring of that previous year. So it was approximately one year later that this was done, one year from the time that it was tilled. And this also had with and without a cover crop. So then we looked at the water infiltration rates and they were still very good. One minute and 22 seconds where there was no cover crop and 41 seconds where there was a cover crop. So again we're seeing the improvement from a cover crop even in a tillage situation. But if you compare the till situation with the no-till we're finding faster water infiltration with the no-till situation. And what's kind of interesting to point out is the corn silage field has had a lot of manure applied to it. So that should really benefit the soil? Benefit the tillage system. The manure in my opinion is increasing the organic matter. A lot of that organic matter is right on the surface and so it's aiding water infiltration. When we did the test, the ground was completely covered with organic material. All right. Tell me about this last plot over here. Well this land belonged to the same farmers in the previous example. He had corn there that was harvested for grain. And then he removed at least most of the stover from the land. And he tilled it this spring and planted oats. And so there was no cover crop there. It did have manure the fall before. But the water infiltration rates were dramatically reduced with the tillage program. Okay, go ahead. So you can see, I mean 36, 37, almost 40 minutes there to get that 2.25 inches to go on the soil. So just that difference between a system that's been about a year since it has been tilled versus one that is freshly tilled, that infiltration rate goes way down. With the tillage, you're destroying all the previous root holes that might encourage water infiltration. You're destroying the wormholes and you're destroying some of the soil structure, eliminating some of that airspace where water might move into the soil more quickly. And is there a compaction element that's going on as well? Yeah, there probably is because the tillage is actually compacting the soil. I mean with that. And there's a lot of heavy equipment that passes across this land. But the land that Al has, he has very good size equipment as well, very production scale as well. So it should be pretty fair comparison. In all of these trials, we replicated them three times or four times. Four times. We replicated it four times and we always find a spot where you probably hit a tractor track and it takes longer for the water to infiltrate. But this is an average of four tests. Right. And you can see that with that average, we're finding dramatic differences when the soil has been tilled. So this is the same data, just showed it differently. Same data. So yeah, this is quite dramatic over here. So again, there's this paradox in Maima, or it seems to me is that conventional thinking thinks that, well, if you till, you know, you're going to make water go into the ground. That really doesn't seem to be the case over here. Well, when we presented this data to the grower that cooperated with us other than Al, I basically would say that we experienced him having an aha moment. Okay. Because he was able to see the data from these four sites first, and then on the second page of our report was this data. And when he turned it over, his expression was out of this world. And what came out of his mouth was, well, dad taught me that we worked the soil to make it like a sponge so it would take in the water. And he had a reversal in his thinking just right then and there because of this work that Al and I did on his place. So he's committed the cover crops. He realizes water is so important to him. Yeah. And I asked him, you mean water for your cows and water for your dairy, the milking parlor. And he said, no, water for my forage. So he wants to improve his soil health so he can store more water. So he has an insurance policy for forage for his dairy. And so I think that's important. Well, this is a fantastic piece of work. I really admire the fact that extension and farmers are getting together and doing that. And I know you guys have worked together for a long time, and I love those stories that come out of it. Al and Anthony, thank you so much. You're welcome. Thank you, Buzz, for the work that you do. Yes, sir. Appreciate it. Appreciate it. One of my favorite things is to watch the synergy that happens when a farmer and a researcher get together to collaborate. How cool was it to see Al and Anthony's results change their neighbor's view? And when farmers can see the data from their own fields, they don't need too much convincing. So what are other farmers in South Dakota saying about infiltration and soil moisture? Well, stick around and you'll find out in our next video.