Hi everybody it's Sam at Mixed Up Craft thank you for watching my tutorial today I'm going to be showing you how to make these absolutely beautiful star easel cards using the brand new Duff Craft Paper Poses collection I've been waiting for this and it's absolutely stunning. Now I may have already shared an unboxing video or it may come after this video I'm not sure but either way I'll link it up here and I will show you in more detail this beautiful collection but I wanted to do my first project with it I wanted a really nice card style that was going to show off all of the papers and this star easel card I thought worked really well. I was actually asked to do this for a commission not these ones but I've made this star easel card for a future magazine commission which will be out in a couple of months time and that was what first introduced me to this style so then I had a little look online and I found a tutorial by a German lady from 2016 I'll link hers below but there's lots of other tutorials as well but the great thing about this card is that you can make it any size you want. I have used pre-made card blanks for this and I'll talk you through all those sizes in the video but it can be made any size you want you can make your envelopes as well if you've got the envelope punch board or you can use the envelope there's lots of different tools to make your own envelopes and stuff but I've got an A6 size such using an A6 card this is using a 6x6 card and this is using a 5x7 card and depending on what papers you use so if you use a pattern paper and you want a pattern piece for this and for this you will actually be able to make two 5x7 cards because the leftovers that you have will make another card but if you're using yeah just plain papers or mirrored and stuff like that then you would just need two pieces and it will do all your maths and layers but again I'll explain all that in there for you but if I just bring them up the one thing I would say about this card is that I think you're going to have to send a little maybe diagram or a small small instruction on how to put it together for when they get it out of the envelope because that's how it will be in the envelope you can see there all fits in nicely okay but when they take it out I know for example if I gave this to my Nan and I wasn't with her she'd just think oh isn't that lovely oh thank you and you've got room on the back there to write your message but she would just kind of put that piece up there and maybe rest that there or lie it there she wouldn't know what to do so I will personally probably give these to people that I actually see in person and then when they take it out I can just show them what they need to do but do take that you know do bear that in mind because yeah you might be surprised what some people do because although we see it very you know easily and we we see it and think oh of course you do it like that why would you why would you think you don't you'd be surprised people don't even with a straightforward easel card I've seen people just kind of flap it around and not know what to do with it so that would be my only one this is you know it's one of those cards that it is in two pieces so not everybody's going to know what to do with it but I love the impact of it I think it's it's a real mental pleaser I think that's going to look absolutely stunning so yeah that's a five by seven again if I bring that up close you can really see and they got a great they do stand up by the way because I've got these lying down they all stand up perfectly so I would just bring that one in you can have them in you know as close as you want or more spread out if I just bring that one up there you can see that it stands up and then this one here but I'm more swayed towards working with rectangle cards so you know you're a six you're five by seven and you get this kind of style so it's got a very tall kind of stand and the the star I don't know seems to be a bit more balanced with the six by six this piece is very big on the bottom but it still looks really really nice you can see there so um yeah it's entirely up to you what size did you go for like I said make it you know to what suits you best because then you know you may be somewhere where you like to make smaller cards and you like smaller envelopes so you can go even smaller than this and yeah I hope you enjoy the tutorial I try to explain as much as possible hopefully it doesn't confuse you um it is straightforward to make once you've done one or two then yeah you'll be away with it so yeah let's get into the tutorial this is the amazing oh it's just so yummy I love it and I'm really like oh yeah like I said I came through the door and I just ripped into it straight away and it's the paper posies it's absolutely beautiful and it comes with a decoupage I love their decoupage pads and what I've done just to give you an example of how they all look is that you get two with that one I take these ones here you get lots of spares as well which I love so there's all extra pieces on each page and then there's that one so that is one top of there you can see all the layers to it absolutely beautiful and it's got that sparkle on it and then on the front of that one you briefly saw it there that's another one for a special friend then you get this one that you can make up just for you beautiful you have a little something that's going to make a lovely tag on a little gift box then we have happy birthday okay you can see the dimension on there with love I think that's again really nice tag but it would look lovely on a card as well this beautiful heart which has loads of different toppers that you can have with it and you can mix and match you could have that lots of love with it I think you had that love was the one that came with it so you could put it through the middle or underneath you can see how that works and then you've got another tag there but you could certainly you know have that on the front of a card so those are there so you get eight altogether and you get eight designs but you get three or four pages of each just have a look no three pages of each okay so that's that and then like I said there is the paper pad there I'm not sure what papers I'm going to do yet but we will get to that in a moment so into the card itself really really simple like I said so I have pieces because I've already cut each one so you grab a six by six card blank so these are mine here okay if you don't have card blanks then you will want to make a six by six size although it's not that size when it's put together you see how they they kind of you know it's just huge it will be a piece of 12 by six and along the 12 inch side score at six fold in half then what you want to do is grab your trimmer you don't have a trimmer use a ruler and draw a line from the top of the center point down to the bottom right top of the center point down to the bottom left you're just going to cut so I'm just going to lie this one down in my trimmer make sure you get your points bang on and just trim each side like I said this is six by six so if it's a five by seven I do exactly the same measurements for that would be in my blog but that would be a piece of 10 by seven and along the 10 inch side score at five so now you'll have this piece you can see already that's this piece here so that's your stand and then these we're going to cross over and it will become your point I'm going to talk about this in more detail in a moment but that was sitting there that's with six by six and then I've gone and cut it again because when I do my pattern paper you'll have enough to decorate too so by the end of this tutorial I'm going to have six of these cards but they're so quick and easy to do and then here is your A6 size so this is half of A4 in the UK or it would be half of your letter size paper if you're outside of the UK and again I'm just burnish that a bit more of my finger so this is roughly so ours and it's just I think yeah it's just over four by just under six okay but again open it up and you're going to line up the middle score line there with the bottom and again this side here like so and then you can see we've got this piece but again as soon as I put that over there and make it into that kind of star shape I don't know you just seem to have a better shape I think and usually I make larger cards but I actually think for this one and if you want to get this in a normal size envelope or a smaller envelope you're going to be better off making it from the smaller card but they're all going to look lovely and again I've gone and done that one there so now I just want to choose my papers also I should have said at the beginning I'll put a little reminder up or little caption there is free delivery this weekend with craft stash so if you're outside of the UK because it's worldwide free delivery you can get your hands on this collection and it's some of the accessories for it I'd really cheap it's just it's wonderful like I said I do have all the other parts but I'm not going to bring it into this video because it's just for this card but I will do a separate share of this collection and I will link it up here whether it's been before or not so you can tell I'm too excited I just love it when I've got new stuff to play with so I'm going to choose my papers and I'm going to again I think silver works really nice with this collection so I'm going to use silver as my mirrored map there you can see just the way it pokes through and I'm going to decide on my papers I'm going to get them all cut down for both sizes and then we'll be back and I will show you how to stick it all together okay so I've gone ahead and cut all my layers and I'm just showing you how it will look here so this is the six by six I think I must have confused myself at the beginning but anyway but this here okay so you'll want two pieces of mirror cardstock because it's the same size for the star part but this is a five and a quarter squared okay and I've just cut on the diagonal right through the middle and then you can pop one on that side and one on that side and then with your pieces that will cut from here okay and now we're going to become our star shape you will have your other one from your other piece again just cut on that diagonal and they will go in and match all of those okay pop that one up there then with the pattern paper again I mean if it's directional be careful because you're going to move them around this is kind of directional but it still works again cut right down through the middle and I'm going to have yeah this one's going to go on the background on the stand so one there and one there and this was okay I gave the measurements for these five inches squared okay and then again with another piece just cut on the diagonal and it will go through there like so so with the square you won't make two I think it's just with the rectangle shapes well maybe it was just the way I cut anyway I might have confused myself but I'm telling you how you can do it so and then there's that one and that's going to go on there so now I'll stick it all together when I go and stick the other one as well but that is going to go over like that once it's all stuck down top or in the middle and then there's going to be the stand and it will look good when it's all together so that's the six by six and then for the a six size so again that's where we originally cut it so I've got my mirrored cardstock here and this measures three and three quarters by five and a quarter and I'm going to cut first of all from top left to bottom right okay so top left bottom right and you will have one here but you can't obviously put that on that side so if you flip it over you're not going to have anything so you'd use this to cover that one then with the next one you need to cut from top right to bottom left so it's the it's the you know it's the direction that you cut these pieces otherwise you're going to have waste and then this one will go there and this one will go there and then we're going to again stick these ones over each other so they will be something like that again we're going to stick in a moment just want to explain this all and that's going to go in there like so and then my pattern paper I've already done that one there so that one I've cut from top left to bottom right so I can put one of those there and this one can go under there that was it I remember now why I said you can make two cards because I don't want this pattern on the front so I will have that as a spare because then for this one I want to get that side so I've got a cut from top right to bottom there it's just like we did with the other one because I want a different pattern so now that one will go under here but I don't want mine to all be the same pattern so if you do you know you're happy to have that pattern on everything then that one will just go over that one and that one will go over that one but I want a different pattern so I've got these two spare so that's why now they will go onto my other stand that I've cut I've got to do my silver mat so rather than waste it just make up another card okay so now for the pattern piece on top of here I think I'm going to have I'm going to bring in this one because this was already cut into now because I want to cover these pieces so I've got a cut from top left to bottom right and that one's going to go over there this spare one will go over onto this side yeah so for that one I need to then cut from top left down to bottom right so that one will go under there and then I've got all those pieces to do exactly the same on that same size card I just need to cut the silver mats okay so just lay out all the the card and then you'll know what angles you want to do everything so if you're working on a square you don't need to do that and if you want it to all be the same pattern paper you don't need to do what I done but because I like having the contrast of that against that I think it looks really nice then you will need to cut two of all your colors so I'll try and write that down as best as I can I think it's better to just watch this video and you can see what I'm doing but I'm going to stick all that down I'm just going to cut my silver mats for that one and um and then yeah tell you how to actually stick it all together so just stick all of these mats down onto each piece first of all and then we'll do some cutting and so on also if you want to do the back you will just need to cut the same size of the silver mats okay so whatever size I gave you for that one cut another one if you want to do that in your you know your white and everything on the back there okay so all my mats and layers are done so now we want to create the star shape so I would say is have it in this orientation and these points here are what are always going to stay at the bottom but you want to like overlap so you could do it like that or you could overlap like that can you do that one yeah it's the same way isn't it and you just want to kind of work look at these points so if you want them these ones to point up higher then it would be a bit more like that you want to make sure that this is like even on both sides I'm quite happy with that like that so use some liquid glue and just you know pop a blob in like the middle like that and then it will allow you to be able to move this into the shape that you want without any glue oozing all out the sides so I think that's about I think that's about right like I said I'm using the square this is the first time I prefer definitely using a rectangle shape so you know have a play around and I've got a bit of glue on that I'm going to have to get that off in a minute because it's bugging me but now I've got that shape then you want to decide where you're going to have your slots okay that you're going to cut in now on these ones I came up three and a half inches yeah three and a half I thought that was nice so what you got to do is think about once they slot in you know they're going to obviously come down you don't want this to come down past here because then the card won't stand up so I think about there so that's where the slot needs to end okay so I'm going to say I think you should come up at four inches okay so I'm going to grab a pencil and I'm going to mark a little light pencil mark just there very lightly and again coming up this side here this is for the six by six okay so they are all different and then with a pair of scissors now you want to make sure you've got your mats on the back stuck down as well because you can cut through it all at the same time if you don't it's not the end of the world but you just have to cut back down again but then you want to cut really straight now if you want to draw a pencil with a t-square ruler just cut down and I've cut the width of this which is about an inch just under seven eighths and again I'm going to use my longest scissors this has got stripes on this pattern paper so I can follow that but just come down yeah that's fine and then you can bring in your star and push it down both those slots actually push it right down like so and there you've got your star so now I just need my topper now this one can actually hold a bigger one so I'm almost wondering whether to bring in one of these ones and then add some writing or maybe use the love there looks really nice well the just for you actually the just for you does work we'll play with toppers in a moment but that's what you want to do for the six by six so let's just have a play around so again with these ones I think this is what I mean about the star I think it just so I've put that one again have it like that okay and then pop them over the top and I just think it gives you because you're working with different sizes on each side it gives you a more star like effect so again I'm just going to pop a blob of glue and then I can just play around in fact I think that's fine so I've gone for quite a little triangle down here okay and then again kind of lie it on here make sure it doesn't come off so about there then you want to cut your slot so I think three inches so it's about right so then so three inches on this one three and a half on the five by seven and then that one I said was four didn't I my memories terrible I'm sure I just said four yeah so three and then come up this side do three and just do this one as well again cut down about you know seven eighths one eighth seven eighths to one inch as long as they're the same you don't want to cut too far down because otherwise the star will touch the bottom but just make sure you do cut them the same yeah I'm happy with that and then oh no I don't want that one on here because it's the same pattern so let's just do this one this one more slot in there again make sure it goes right down look I definitely am loving the rectangle shapes more this is a really nice size it still looks big even though it's the smaller size I never do a six size cards that's why I've got a load of these but it works really well for this stuff fold effect because of the you know it appears much bigger I think so I do like that size and I think a lot of you are going to like that one because it will fit obviously into your smaller envelopes so again I'm just going to stick this one together I mean rub out any little pencil marks that you might have had there I'll do that in a moment but now look at that isn't it cool okay so toppers definitely now I'm seeing the happy birthday on that one I think the red frame around that background I think looks really nice so I'm going to stick that one on there I'm going to stick so that heart looks nothing I'm going to do yeah the big just for you on that one and I think that one with your lovely maybe what's that you're lovely in the green now I don't like the green yeah I'm going to have your lovely through the middle of it or something like that so I'm going to go and stick them all down so I've done all of the top as everything stuck together it's just the envelope so I just want to do a little recap so here is the a6 size I think it's adorable and again just bring it up you can see that topper how lovely does everything look really really pleased with that one then so I've got two of those let's see other one there see them there then this is the 6x6 love it I think it still looks wonderful really really nice I just I don't know something about the star for me it's just a little bit different but still really like it very big but again I'm going to talk through envelopes in a moment and then still my favorites are there because I do like a big card is the 5x7 they just I love that one just love that topper I think it looks absolutely beautiful and that one there so when you're making your envelopes let's start off with this one here because I haven't seen this one might actually just fit into a normal 5x7 you have to kind of like lay it down on your mat and your grid and then see where you are so one two three four five yeah so it's you can get it into a five width wide okay and then we can do one two three four five six seven but then your point is going to go off you see there if I line that up one two three four five six seven it's going up to seven and a half so you are going to have to make an envelope so we're going to have to make let's just write this down so this is going to be a so the a6 will go into a five it's a five by seven and a half card okay that's what we need to look at so that's for the a6 so we're flatten that one down this is just I'm showing you just how I work things out so now the six by six so we know the width we can get it into it'll be six we want to keep this into it but the height so one two three four five six seven eight nine see it's going off so we're going to have to it we'll get it we can say nine because they always give you a quarter inch on the envelope punch board it's just under actually so I think would be okay so six by nine so that is your six by six will be a six by nine card okay and then finally this one here and this is going to be huge so this is what I wanted I think this is going to make you know people decide what size they want I think a lot of you are going to go for that a six size plus you could you know use your a4 like I said a4 paper letter paper and so on so this here we can get it one two three four five six so it'd be six by one two three four five six seven eight nine actually no we're okay I think it's going to be the same one two three four five six seven eight nine six by nine so it's going to go in the same yeah same size so that is your five by seven will be a six by nine card okay so I've got to make five envelopes okay so that's the measurements there for those then with my envelope punch board I can then go to this here now they've got here six by eight and a half is the last one and it's telling you you need a piece of 11 and a half by 11 and a half but if we do 12 by 12 and score at five that will be the envelope size for those and I'll show you that so you're going to want if you're doing the six by six size or the five by seven size you're going to want a piece of 12 by 12 paper and I'm going to use the paper from the collection because it's perfect for making envelopes but the smaller a6 one here which is we want a five by seven and a half we go up here we've got five by seven and a half so we need a piece of 10 by 10 paper okay so I'm going to go get my papers ready okay so I've done all the envelopes I've already put one of the a6 so you see there it all fits in nicely okay and like I said you're off to put some instructions probably in it if you're maybe not with the person when they open the card so that's that one and then the six by six and the five by seven are actually the same size envelopes so there's the five by seven in that one is that the five by seven yeah because the six by six is there so you'll see that one in there it fits in fine and then again the same with the other five by seven is in there and then I'm going to do these two with you so the 10 by 10 this is this piece here grab my little stylus so for the 10 by 10 which is a five five by seven and a half card four and one eighth is your first score and punch my hair everywhere um just punch and score don't worry if you don't go all the way down then I go to the opposite end or opposite side sorry punch and score and then I just bring it around and just pop it in and line up this right angle with the score line there just like so punch and then score and you want that score line to join perfectly there and again like so I do mine slightly different just because I prefer I think you get a nicer result so there's my envelope for that one and then this is the 12 by 12 so it's not on here the measurement but you can use it so it's a piece of 12 by 12 and the last score line they have on here is four and seven eighths but you can go to five and you can actually go to five and a quarter which I've used as well in tutorials so for this one this is my own one so you want to line it up to five punch and score flip it to the opposite side punch and score and then again you're easier to bring this down until that right angle lines up with your score line punch and then score until they meet and again bring around that side and as I always say whenever I use this I've got a tutorial on how to use the punch board and I will link that up here so you can go to that one so that's those and then you just want to fold and burnish all of your score lines side on what you want to be the bottom fold in the sides and just run some tape I'm actually going to seal all these with my new wax seal kit so when I do go to use them I just get one of those out because you can make them any colour you want and then again the bottom of this one wax seals you can just pop tape under here and here and then leave the tape on there until you come to seal it but now I can get my six by six I need to put the backs on these and stamp a sentiment but that will go in there and then my last little a six size fits in there perfect you just move them around until you get all the points in but there are all my envelopes and five cards and do you know what they haven't taken me long to do they really don't once you get your head around the you know whether you need to cut from left to right or right to left or if you're using pattern paper or all plain things like that they are they're really really fun I thoroughly enjoyed these and I hope you like the ones for the magazine that I've done as well but yeah all those lovely envelopes as well I just love this collection okay so there's the cards again let me know which ones you prefer is it the a six the six by six or the five by seven I think I'm in between these two sizes here the six by six is still really nice as well but obviously do take into account the size of the envelopes you do need considerably bigger ones but you can make them all on the envelope punch board if you'd rather use your own you know you would need even a smaller card size to this one so go smaller than the a six and then you'll probably fit it into a standard size envelope so have a little play around and like I said you can make them any size you can do eight by eight I mean you probably then have to put it in a big like mailing envelope but can you imagine the an eight by eight square card be this beautiful you know huge or an eight by six in fact I think an eight by six size would look really nice because I'm more swayed towards rectangle cards to make this so I think the eight by six would look yeah pretty spectacular so there you go with a big number in the middle as well I keep getting loads of ideas but anyway I hope you like it I hope you love this new collection as much as I do all the links for it as always will be shared below and like I said I do believe this weekend it's free worldwide delivery with craft stash where you can get this whole collection so let me know you think please give me a thumbs up if you've enjoyed today's tutorial I hope I've explained it well enough and I'll be back in soon with another one thanks a lot bye


Okay, may I have your attention, please? Time to get started. So one thing that you might be aware of is that on Thursday, we'll have an exam here in class. And so let me tell you a little bit about it. That, you can expect that it will be a bit shorter than a typical homework assignment, but more or less the same kind of thing. You'll have some problems. You'll solve them in Mathematica. You'll upload your notebook to a Dropbox. And you'll have all the time in the class period to work on it. And then it will be finished. Now, I want to just plant a couple of things in your mind right now so that you'll be ready. So you can use anything you want except someone else's work. Okay? So when you come in here, you can load up the class notes, have all your previous notebooks ready if you think they might be useful. Anything you want that's yours you can use or anything that's out there on the World Wide Web is available to you. All right? So that's one thing. Another thing is that be especially careful about saving your work frequently to more than one place because once in a while these computers crash in the middle of exams and people lose their work. And it's really a shame because by now you should be used to making multiple copies of your work and saving it frequently. And another thing is there will be a deadline to the Dropbox after which you will not be able to upload your file. And from time to time there's a one minute or so discrepancy between the clock you see on your screen and the one that's actually at EEE that the deadline is based on. So you should definitely upload a provisional version of your notebook at some point well before the deadline. And then of course as you know you can keep uploading new versions if you need to as the deadline gets closer. But it's absolutely important that you take 30 seconds out of working on your exam to put up at least you know an initial version, a tentative version of your notebook. Because if you don't get it in before the deadline then you get a zero of course, all right? The other thing is what should you study if anything? Well in principle you don't need to study because I think as you've noticed the best way to actually solve problems using a tool like Mathematica is to start with an example if you have one. And I've told you many times and I'll repeat it now. I'm not going to ask you to do something that you haven't already seen how to do. Now obviously the problems won't be identical to ones you've seen before but in terms of what you will be asked to do you should already know how to do it and there's no need to memorize any commands or syntax. The one thing that you might do to prepare for the exam is just to look over the notes, remind yourself of what we've done and be familiar with where to go to find something if you need an example. Another thing that you might do is look over your previous homeworks and if you didn't get perfect scores make sure you understand what you did wrong so that if you have to do something similar on the exam you'll be able to do it. All right so those are my comments on the exam nothing to worry about and so do you have any questions about it? Any questions or concerns? Yeah, it will go essentially through yeah today, okay? So through differential equations, possibly. I can't put everything on there, right? It's got to be something you can do in an hour and 15 minutes. Okay, any other questions? Okay, well let me go ahead and start off today by telling you about this week's homework assignment. All right, so it has two problems and in the first problem I want you to calculate the pH of a dilute solution of the sugar glucose, all right? Glucose has hydroxyl groups in it that are very weakly acidic, all right? And the effective K a of glucose is 10 to the minus 12. So you can see it's pretty small and that makes glucose a very weak acid and you have a somewhat dilute solution of a very weak acid and so in order to treat this problem properly you should include the water dissociation equilibrium. So you have a coupled equilibrium between the ionization of glucose and water. You've seen an example of that problem and I want you to more or less repeat that but for this particular problem. Okay, so it should be pretty straightforward. The second problem is one where I want you to use ND solve to solve a system of differential equations and the particular case that you're going to consider is a very famous problem of nonlinear differential equations and dynamical systems. It's called the Hannon-Heil's problem and the problem dates from the 60s when Hannon and Heil's were working together at Princeton and they wanted to come up with a simplified model for describing the motion of a star in a galaxy. So it's an interesting problem and they just to keep it simple and tractable they confine the star to rotate in a plane around the center, okay? And the simplified equations that they came up with, well, these are just the classical equations of motion. So this is the time derivative of the x coordinate is equal to the x component of the velocity so that's basically Newton's second law. Same thing for the y and then the equations that tell you about the time evolution of the velocity components are given in terms of partial derivatives of the potential energy with respect to x in this case and y in this case. And the potential energy for this problem which is a function of x and y, the coordinates in the plane are given, is given here, all right? So what do I want you to do? Well, first of all, you can type this guy in and in part A you can plot it using a contour plot so you can kind of see what the potential energy landscape of the system looks like and I give you the ranges and tell you to use 20 contours and label your axes, all right? Then in part B, actually parts B and C I want you to consider two cases. Now why is this problem fascinating? This problem is fascinating because for certain values of the parameters of the system, so for example, the initial conditions, let's say, just to keep it simple, the star goes around in sort of regular periodic orbits and you're going to see that in part B. And then for other parameters, actually for most parameters, the star goes around the center of the galaxy in a very what we call chaotic way, okay? So this is an example of a nonlinear system that exhibits this both regular periodic motion and chaotic motion. And the interesting thing about the latter is that if you change the initial conditions just a little bit, you get a completely different trajectory. So this is very fascinating to people who are interested in these nonlinear dynamics problems. Okay, but for you, you can either, you can choose not to be fascinated and instead just, you know, do the problem. And so what you're going to do is you're going to use ND solve for those equations up there, all right? And you'll supplement those with the initial conditions given here. And then you're going to solve that over the range of time going from zero to a thousand. And then once you get your interpolating functions, I want you to plot the pair X and Y as a function of time using parametric plot, which we saw how to do last time, all right? And if you did that right, you should get something that looks kind of like a spirograph that's sort of a regular motion of this guy in the XY plane. And then in the second or part C, I want you to do exactly the same thing, but just change the initial conditions slightly. So what you see here is that the only difference between them is that there's a slight change in the initial velocity in the X direction. And you should notice a quite different behavior when you make the parametric plot, okay? Now, this problem is pretty straightforward, but you have to be careful how you type in your differential equations, okay? So I tried to make it very explicit. So if you type something in that looks like that, but you know, using Mathematica syntax rules, then you should be okay, okay? And this guy you can type in more or less as it's written too, all right? So the main place where you might get problems is in the way you type these in. All right, so that's the homework. If you don't get tied up on the second part here, then it should be a very short assignment. Any questions about that? All right, so everything you need to know to do this assignment, you already know, but I would still like to do some more examples from differential equations. And so what we're going to do today and we'll probably finish tomorrow is we'll solve some problems in chemical kinetics, all right? So the first one we're going to solve is one we already know how to solve from general chemistry. So we'll use that as a way to get warmed up and get to thinking about chemical kinetics. And then we'll start solving more and more difficult problems that are hard to do by hand without certain assumptions. Okay, so what we're going to do is we're going to consider first a simple reaction, A goes to B, all right? And I want to now write down the differential equations that express how the rate of the reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactant and product, okay? And I'm going to suppose that this is a first order reaction, all right? So if I wanted to write down the rate in terms of the concentration of species A, what should I write? The rate of change of A with respect to T. We could use concentrations or pressures. It's first order, so it's proportional to the concentration of A. And then what else should I put in there? A rate constant, first order rate constant. And what about the sign? Should be minus because A is a reactant whose concentration should be decreasing if the reaction is going to the right. Now suppose I want to write the rate in terms of the change in B. Well, what's the rules for writing down the rate expressions for products in terms of rate expressions for reactants? Remember from general chemistry if I say minus DADT is the rate with respect to A, then that means plus DBDT is the same rate. B is being produced at the same rate as A is being consumed when you have this stoichiometry. Okay, so I can say that's equal to plus K times A. Okay, so those are two simple first order differential equations which are, you know, trivial to solve by hand. But we'll go ahead and do it in Mathematica just to see how to set it up and like I say, to get warmed up for more challenging problems later. Now we're going to include some initial conditions and we'll say that concentration of A at time zero is equal to some number which we'll call CA0 and same thing for B. All right, so let's go ahead and do that and then we'll play around with it a little bit and then we'll probably have time to do one more, slightly more complicated example and then we'll save the good ones for tomorrow. All right, we'll get rid of that. Okay, so first thing I'll do is define our equations as a list. All right, so the first equation we can say, I'll go ahead and say that the concentration of A is going to be C, little C capital A and I'll use the prime for the derivative of T equals equals minus K times CA bracket T, all right, and then CB prime of T equals equals plus K times CA time of T. All right, and then we'll go ahead and put in the arbitrary initial conditions that will or boundary conditions if you like that will fill in later with replacement rules for a particular problem. So we'll say CA at time zero equals equals a number to be prescribed later and then finally CB time zero equals CB zero, no comma, all right. Okay, now let's go ahead and solve this system of equations and store the solutions in this list. Solutions equals D solve equations and then we put in what we're solving for so that's going to be CA of T and CB of T and then T is our independent variable, all right, so we can go ahead and enter that and we get our solutions. Okay, so a couple of things to point out here. So first of all, this should look familiar. This is the integrated rate law that you learned in general chemistry and normally in the general chemistry class you stop there and you don't worry about the product. So in this case we've got as a bonus the product so we can actually look at them both simultaneously, all right. So here you can see that the concentration of A decays exponentially, all right. So let's go ahead and make a nice plot of these solutions and we'll compare a different situation to this plot a little later so I want to have it available and I'm going to include a plot legend so I'm going to start by loading the plot legend's package, all right. Forget the backward single quote and now I'm going to plot, well let's see, let's make a list to make things, well let's just go ahead and type it all in. So we're going to plot CA of T and now I'm going to put in my parameters so slash dot we'll put in the initial concentration of A is going to be 1, let's say 1 atmosphere and then the initial concentration of B or pressure of B we'll say is 0 so we don't start out with any product. And then I'm going to put in the rate constant for the first order decomposition of SO2Cl2 and so that's going to be K arrow 2.2 times 10 to the minus 5, all right, comma and then we can just mouse this in, put it back and change the CA of T to CB of T, all right and then we need another curly. Okay, now the rate constant's around 10 to the minus 5 so I should go to around time equals 10 to the 5 or so in order to see the decay nicely so I'm going to say T goes to from 0 to 200,000, all right. And then I'm going to say the axis label arrow so we'll call it x axis T in seconds and then the y axis will be pressure in atmospheres and then the plot legend. So the reactant for this example is SO2Cl2, we could put in nice subscripts if we want but I'm not going to do it. And then we'll suppose that the product here is either SO2 or CL2 because according to the stoichiometry they behave the same, all right. And then I'll say legend size arrow 0.5, legend shadow which I don't like, I'm going to get rid of it so arrow none and I don't like the border a whole lot either so I'm going to get rid of that, legend border arrow none and then finally I'm going to put the legend in a nice place so legend position arrow 0.2 minus 0.2, all right, yes. Your first time in K for this? Yeah, oh, okay, I'm sorry I probably didn't mention this previously, this is like a little different way of doing the same thing, this is like saying 2.2 times 10 to the minus 5, you can put in the 10, it's certainly, you know, it's easier to debug if you have the times 10 in there. But that should work, all right, let's have a look and see if it works, oh, nope, maybe did I not put that in in the right way, well let's go ahead and just get this right and then maybe worry about it later. Okay, hmm, okay, something's wrong, oh, right, thank you. Right, so I didn't unpack this, right, all right, so slash dot, solutions and then the replacement rule, thank you, okay, always solution, we'll get it right one of these days, thank you, right, I should have known it turned blue, okay, that looks good. And now just for fun, let's see if this other thing would have worked, gives the same thing, so that's a little shortcut. Okay, so lots of work, but we actually made a nice plot to sort that you might actually find in your general chemistry textbook in the kinetics chapter, here we can see that reactant SO2Cl2 starts out at one atmosphere and then over this time period it decays to a very small pressure and then we see the product starts at zero and it's basically a mirror image of the exponential decay and we end up approaching one and certainly as time went to infinity the pressure of the reactant would go to zero and the product would go to one because this reaction as written is essentially going completely to the right. Okay, now once we have this in here of course we can play around with parameters, so you can ask how do things change if I change the initial conditions a little bit, so you can start out with half and half, wait a minute, ah, because I didn't change this one, okay, so you see you get a different behavior here. Well, the curves look to have the same shape, but different in the details. Okay, so that's, you know, simple first order reaction and now what I want to do is make it just a wee bit more complicated, all right, so I'm going to go over here to the board, all right, so to make it a little more complicated let's consider the case where we have an equilibrium, okay, and now we're going to say the rate constant for the forward reaction is K sub 1 and the rate constant for the reverse reaction is K minus 1. Now, the question is then how should I modify my rate equations? Well, this equation tells me that the concentration of A, the rate of change of the concentration of A goes away minus sign in proportion to the amount of A that I have, all right, and that's for the forward reaction so I should put a K1 here. Now, how else can A be produced? Well, if we have the reverse reaction going, that produces A, correct, correct, all right, at what rate does it produce A? Plus, well, the rate of the reaction in that direction is K minus 1 and that would be proportional to the concentration of B, okay? How about B? Well, the forward reaction produces B, K1 times A is the rate, and then the reverse reaction takes away B so we should have a minus K to minus 1 times B. See how it works? Okay, so just by putting in the equilibrium we have slightly more complicated equations, it's still not difficult to solve those but let's go ahead and just do it with Mathematica and then we'll see the equilibrium actually shows up in our calculations, all right? So what we're going to do is we'll just take all of the stuff that we already did and we'll just modify it, okay?  So we'll put a K1 here and then minus K2 times CB of T, okay? And then here we have K1 and then minus, should be minus K2 times CB of T and I made a mistake here, this should be a plus, sorry, because we're producing A by the reverse reaction. All right, otherwise we're good and now we can go ahead and generate the solutions and you see it's a bit more complicated but no problem for Mathematica. So now let's go ahead and make a plot and for this one I'm just going to go ahead and make a generic reaction. I'll start out with A equal to 1, B equal to 0, K1 is going to be 2 times 10 to the minus 2 and then K2 will be also, no, 1 times 10 to the minus 2. Okay, now let's go ahead and just mouse that in and put it here and I'm going to call this, well, we'll get rid of the Y label because it's going to be either A or B and then the first species will be A and the second species will be B. Okay, that should do it. Oops, what happened here? Mm-hmm, plot's still bad though. They're not supposed to be straight lines according to these equations here, are they? Ah, my time is really, really off here because these rate constants are small, right? So let's go ahead and say 200. Oh, okay, and it looks like my legend's in a bad place so let's go ahead and put this out at 1.1, there we go. Okay, so what's interesting about this example? Well, notice how it's different from the previous one. So notice that the concentration of A doesn't go to 0, it levels off. Concentration of B doesn't go to 1, it levels off. What do we call it when it levels off? That's the equilibrium, all right? And you see the equilibrium sets in after a little more than say 100 seconds here, which kind of makes sense because the rate constants are on the order of 10 to the minus 2, okay? And what else? What's the equilibrium constant for this reaction? Is it greater than 1 or less than 1? Well, it should be the equilibrium concentration of B divided by the equilibrium concentration of A. So it looks like it's about 0.6 over about 0.4, so it's about 1.5, okay? Now, again, once you have it in, you can play around. You can change the parameters a little bit. So let's go ahead and change the first rate constant. Let's slow it down. Well, let's do this in a different plot so we can actually see, compare the two, all right?  This is weird. We should have had a 2.0 here, okay? It didn't change it much, but, all right, so let's go ahead and make K1 0.5 times 10 to the minus 2. Kind of screwed that up, all right? 0.5. Now notice, see the difference? Takes longer to get to equilibrium. That's one thing. What about the equilibrium constant? Is it the same? Doesn't look like it. The equilibrium concentration of A, let's go ahead and go to longer time so we can actually see the equilibrium a little better, so let's go to, let's say 300, all right? So it takes maybe around 300 seconds this time. Let's check again, 400. Around 300 seconds or a little less to get to equilibrium. And now you can see that the equilibrium concentration of A is greater than B. So the equilibrium constant is different. Does that make sense? You remember that for a simple reaction like this, that the equilibrium constant can be written as the ratio of rate constants, remember that? It's called detailed balance, all right? So we can see that here in this example. All right, so it looks like we can do one more or at least we can talk about it. Okay, so back to the board. Excuse me. All right, so now we're going to do a slightly more complicated example and what we're going to have is two reactants and they're going to be in equilibrium with an intermediate which I'm going to call I. And then in the second step the intermediate will react with B to produce the product which we'll call C. Okay? You remember what an intermediate is? Something that's produced in one step and consumed in another. It doesn't show up in the overall chemical equation which here would be A plus 2B goes to C, all right? Okay, so now let's see if we can write down the rate equations for this guy. If I call this K1, the rate constant for the reaction in the forward direction, K2 reverse and K3 for the second step. All right, so help me out here. What I need are three rate equations. Four, actually, if I want to solve for all the concentrations. So I need that one. I need that one. I need the intermediate and I need the product. Okay, so what should we write down here? Yes? Yes, that forms A so we can put that in. K2 times the concentration of I, okay? But we also lose A by the forward reaction and the forward reaction has molecularity of 2. Remember molecularity? We're assuming that these are elementary steps, right, in a mechanism so that we can write down the rate equations according to the stoichiometry. All right, so what's the rate at which A is removed by the forward reaction? K1, make sense? All right, all right, what about B? Well, B is removed in the same way as A, minus K1 times A times B, okay? It's also removed in the second step, okay? Anything else? That's it for B, right? How about I? Yes. Oh, you're right, yes, indeed. Sorry, I forgot about that. Yeah, he just pointed out that as I goes backwards in the first step, we produce B so we have to include that too, which I left out, okay? So that's plus K2 times I, okay? Thank you. And now for I, we produce I by the first forward step and we lose it by the reverse and we also lose it by the second step, okay? And finally, for C, we have only one source of C and that's the second step, okay? Now, just a couple of statements about this, we'll actually solve the system tomorrow. But first of all, you can see that we obviously have a more complicated set of equations that are all coupled, right? Because each of these rates depends on the other species who each have their own rate equations so you have to solve them together.  And it is quite a chore because if I recall correctly, you can't solve that set by hand. So what you would normally do, and you'll learn about this in Chem 131C probably, is you make some sort of approximation that can help you simplify these equations. And in cases like this, that approximation would be called the steady state approximation which assumes that the amount of intermediate that you produce is small and essentially constant. And in that case, then you could set this guy equal to zero and then you get some relationships that can help you to express the concentration of I in terms of the concentrations of reactants and products. And then you have, you start going in the right direction toward being able to simplify these equations and solve them by hand. So what we'll do next time is we'll actually solve this exactly using Mathematica and then we'll have a look at how this steady state approximation works and see when it works and when it doesn't. Okay, so that's it for today. We'll see you tomorrow.


All right, what's up, coach? My name is Ben Neighbors and I'm the founder here at buildmysportsbiz.com. This is the home of helping coaches start their business. So welcome to our YouTube channel if this is the first time you've ever watched a video. So today I'm gonna be answering a question from Greg. Greg is a baseball coach who lives in Texas. I also live in Texas. And he asked me a really good question. He said, hey, Ben, do I need to have a website when I'm first starting my business? So I'm gonna give you two answers, okay? The answer number one is what I wish I would have done, okay? When I first started and answer number two is what every single person who I taught to now, this is what they focus on, okay? So answer number one. I had my first website right when I started and it looked like a cartoon character made it. It was absolutely horrible, right? And my problem was I spent a lot of time trying to piece together things. Like this was back in 2009. Like back then they didn't have Squarespace and these awesome website builders now that you'll see on the internet that make life easy, right? Back then it was very confusing, very time consuming. I would spend hours on YouTube trying to figure things out. I was trying to create a logo. I was trying to do all this busy work that wasn't building clients, right? And so what I wish I would have known was, hey, Ben, hold on, you don't need to have a website yet. You need to have a marketing system, right? You could have the best website on the road, but guess what? If you don't rank on the first page of Google, parents are not gonna find you. So you need to understand how to do that. Fortunately, I know how to do that. I teach coaches in our mastermind how to rank number one on Google, how to rank on the first page so they can get a lot of traffic. But if you have a site and it's not on the first page, I think it's worthless, right? So instead of trying to focus all of your time on your site, you need to be focusing how can you get in front of the ideal clients no matter if you have a great website or not? Like, parents don't care about your website. They care about you as a trainer. Like, are you someone who can help their son or daughter improve in whatever sport it is that you coach? Okay, so again, having a website is great. Like, that has helped me a lot recently as far as getting new customers because when parents type in, San Antonio Private Soccer Training, they're gonna see my website, it's right there, right? That's driven hundreds of customers to us and that's great, but at the beginning stages, you don't need to do that, right? Which is like the second way I would answer it. And you need to focus all of your time on how can you get in front of the ideal customers without relying on your website? Because even if you build a great site or you pay someone to build a great site for you, it's gonna take time for that to register on Google. It's gonna take time for people to see that. And I'm a big believer, like you're gonna drive way more momentum in the early stages of your business by connecting with parents, other coaches, other influencers that can help drive more players to your program, okay? So do you need a website? Ultimately, yes, you want to have your own brand.  Like there's so many gurus out there who try to teach that you need to do all this stuff. Like if you go to my site and I'll link it below, like you will see how simple my website looks. Like it's literally like a two-page website. It's a homepage and an application form, okay? That has worked extremely well for me, okay? You don't need to have this crazy expensive thing. You need to keep it very simple. And if you have a good site, a good payment system in the future, that you are good to go, like running any sports academy, it does not matter, right? But again, at the beginning, just to answer the question that I said earlier, you do not need to have something right away, okay? Because all that's gonna do is just be a distraction. It's gonna distract you away from getting new clients and you're gonna try to focus so much time and energy on creating the best, most perfect site. And no one's site is perfect. Like I've yet to see anyone's site who's like, wow, that is unbelievable, right? Unless it ranks on the first page, that's all I care about. So to answer the question, like I said, you don't need to have one initially. Don't let that be something that slows you down. In the future, yes, you would want to have one. And especially if you know what you were doing or you can pay somebody who knows what they're doing, then you are in business there. Like then you can have a site that is reliable, right? So I hope that answers your question and I hope that saves you a lot of time because in the initial stages of you building your business, there's one thing that you need to focus on and that is selling. You need to sell your services and you don't have to have a website to do that. And like to prove it to you, two and a half years ago, like we had a YouTube channel called Soccer Entrepreneur where we still upload videos to. Like I did not have a website for that for at least a year. All I was doing was talking in videos like this and driving people to a phone call and talking them over the phone and making sales. Like that right there is proof that you don't even need a site, right? And we have a site now, of course, right? But remember, you need to start with the essentials. When you start your business, don't need to get bogged down by what everybody else is doing, right? You don't need to worry about what your competitors are doing. You need to think about how can I serve players better than all of my competitors in my town? And how can I offer a premium service that everybody who comes across what you do, like they're gonna be very impressed that you offer a service that no one can match. And that is how you win in your city, right? Whatever it is you're trying to do, doesn't matter what sport, that's how, like that's why certain academies stand out. Like I could go down the list of the best academies in every sport in my city because I've built relationships with all those coaches already. And I see what are they doing different? Why are they attracting all the players to their program? Why are those players staying all the time? Why are they not leaving? It's because they do the little things right, okay? So I hope this video helps you out. So again, I'm gonna just hit this on the nail one more time. You don't need to have a site starting off, okay? Ultimately, you want one, especially if you know what you're doing, okay? So if you are a coach in any sport and you wanna learn how to start your business the right way and you wanna learn how to take things to the next level, I would love to chat with you over the phone. All you have to do is very simple. Go to the first link in the description. It's buildmysportsbiz.com. You literally click on that button. It goes to my website and there's a big blue button at the top of the menu of that page. You click on that, there's an application form where you and I can chat over the phone together. And that's gonna be where I can have a 15 to 30 minute phone call with you to see how I can help you with your business. And I would love to answer any questions you have. A lot of coaches who are starting they have tons of questions, right? So I use that time individually with you to answer all of the questions you have and see how I can help you out, right? So go ahead and check that out. If you guys like the video today make sure to hit the thumbs up button. And if you know that this video could help another coach that you know in your city or someone across the US or across the world, it doesn't matter. I want you to share this with them if possible. We're really looking to build our subscriber base here with this YouTube channel. So guys, thanks again. I really appreciate your time and I'll talk to you soon.


The timing of today's topic is the right time, you know, because now we are going to festive season, if I give the generic background, to say the festive season is on now and started, we tend to lose our heads, we tend to lose our focus and damage ourselves financially, caused by one day forgetting our journey that we still need to take. In the next coming years, so we developed a unique program called credit literacy and wellness in addressing the literacy part of credit because a lot of people don't understand what is credit. They only sign documents, they only accept what is given to them, they don't understand that the credit literacy is critical to survive. Today's life is based on credit and how you play the game of credit, you can survive and make a big huge difference in your life. So we see millions, a lot of people out there, even if the interest rates are down, but millions of people, more than people who are owning houses are still needing those houses but they are denied access because of the system of this credit. People don't understand what is required in approval of a home loan specifically in the home loans, where we investigated, we researched, what is the key critical element of getting a home loan approved. And when we look at it in comparison to the financial institution versus the humankind or the human nature or the lifestyle of people, we found that the people don't have a clue. What is credit? What does it mean?


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Good afternoon and welcome back to the touchline on Y25 for Maxwell Vasika. It's my name. This time round we want to speak about a very interesting conversation with a special person in sports development in the country. The game that has showed massive potential. Among Kenyan athletes across various sporting disciplines, I'm talking about Rafael Lobonyo. Of course also Robert is still here with us. He has not vanished and good to see you all again. I thought you disappeared. No, since Shabana got promoted to FKF Premier League you've been overexcited lately. Ya, we have to renovate him. Ya, we are still celebrating. Good to see you Rafael. How are you doing? I'm doing very well and it's a pleasure to be on the show. You're keeping well? I'm doing very, very well. I can't complain. You see when I was coming to the show in the morning I have a friend of mine who keeps inquiring about how my running order looks like. So I told him I'm interviewing you and he was a bit surprised. When I questioned him why, he said he knows you very well far away from sports. How many hearts do you have? I mean I'm not a sportsman per se but all of us can contribute to sports development in different ways and so what I try to do is to support sports and people who are in sports both in terms of advocating for better policies to ensure sports development but also motivating and supporting sportsmen and women. So that's how I'm involved in sports. So I'm not signing for Manchester United or any of those teams. Ya. And it was a good guess in the midweek you getting to award Kenyan training sensation Angelo Kutoyi and even Filemono Tienogorma captain after them winning 20th Premier League title. What informed you of this move? First of all is my engagement in youth development. I strongly believe that we cannot succeed as a country unless we invest in the most important asset that we have and that is young people. So generally that's my motivation and inspiration to engage in, I mean to support people like Okutoyi and Filemono but most importantly is that sports is an integral part of development. If we invest in sports then chances are we are going to grow and develop as a country. The third reason is just to motivate the emerging stars like Filemono or Okutoyi because sports hasn't been easy. There are very few positive examples from this part of the world of people who pursued sports and succeeded because it entails huge sacrifice to the extent that people put in their own resources and many people who are even extremely talented fall off the way because they feel like there's no return on investment and so people like Okutoyi who are upcoming, people like Filemono who Gormaya captain who helped the team to win the league these are people who need to motivate so that they can also bring up other people and also see some sort of light at the end of the tunnel so that's part of what I try to do as an individual just to let them know we value what they are doing and they should keep on keeping on. Osora, I'm pretty sure you are in agreement with his guests here it's a good step in the right direction, right? Yeah, very true because you know the major problem that we have as a country is that sports in Kenya is not professional. You look at a situation where you've got Angela Yes now we're interacting with her here today and she's just one of many and after 2-3 years from now people are not getting in touch with Angela because she's going on to another level to another level of sports because she's gone That's the same way you keep chode began Yes, from now when she played Wimbledon she's now a major swimmer in Wimbledon that was the doubles but give her time, she's mature and she's getting on to the game and at the moment she's going to go to another level and people will be like but the major point is she started from an armature point and that is what people don't understand and people don't get it in that when it is called sports development and everything as a country now the conversation should move from we need to move it from the armature level to the professional level now those policies are supposed to be helping and now I will throw the hat to you when you look at our scenario when you look at our Kenyan system and the scenario is you look at a system where the hierarchy of the people who make decisions don't understand that they don't want to understand that we need to move from an armature level for sports to develop for our youth to develop in sports we need to move it from armature to professional and that's very true sorry to jump in we need to say that that's an important point that as a country we need a comprehensive plan which isn't there we can't just be celebrating a player here an athlete there one person here congratulating them what we need to do is to have a comprehensive plan more or less a master plan on how to grow and develop sports in the country we can't just be waiting for someone to win something and then we congratulate them we need to we need a policy like Osoro did point out and not just a policy if you look at Kenya we have policies but they are quite fragmented and uncoordinated so we need policies that are solid but are also compact in a way that they are well coordinated but beyond having a policy we need to enforce and implement those policies because again if you look at Kenya we have a sports policy just like we have in a couple of other countries like Ghana, Benin so are we able to develop policies which do not just create ambitions and aspirations but we are also able to do what it takes to implement this policy so execution becomes undoing yes yes yes it is a point where you get people who are given this mandate and they don't understand their mandate in development of sports and everything so you get a chance where you've got this years the Cabinet Secretary for Sports is in a policy making situation and he is supposed to do that now the people under him also they need to understand that and come in you've got the education system how is education feeding on sports how is the sports feeding on education and I think that brings us to the government role in the development of sporting sector you know as sports consultant keep saying day in day out that the role of government is not to fund sporting federations but to put in place a conducive environment that will enable sporting activities to thrive what do you make, what is your overall assessment about government input in Kenyan sports government input in Kenyan sport has been fairly this small if I was to analyze it in a very honest way because one is government needs to develop a policy not necessarily to do the actual bidding and investment in sports but you will find that Kenyan government like it is with a number of African government they want to be seen to be the one investing in sports and government does not have that capability and capacity so what they need to do is to create an enabling environment for civil society to invest in sport or engage in sport private sector how do we encourage corporates for example to invest in sports is for example providing things like tax holidays incentives putting in place the right structures for a private sector civil society to be able to support sports that hasn't hasn't happened to a large extent and for me I think government has fallen short when it comes to really supporting sports and also sports has to be seen not just as a small department or a component of our development it has to be integrated as part of the national development just look at what Rwanda has done with something like basketball sports now is bringing more resources to Rwanda than any other investment you can talk of Rwanda is now seen as a tourism tourist country or destination because of sports look at what they have done with building a basketball court Rwanda was never known for basketball now everyone else from Europe, from the US from other parts of the world are moving to Rwanda to play NBA something that we should have done we are struggling even with soca stadiums here in Kenya sport that truly we know very well that there is enormous talent so I think and we already submitted the beads we are talking about the African Nations and Transania and we are not talking about the government input there is also that aspect of administrators at the helm of our federations across disciplines football, basketball athletics there has been this argument that is never ending because when you speak to former players they say that they are the most suitable people to be at the helm but when you speak to other people they say that it goes beyond having played the game because you just don't need having been an athlete to be at the helm of Athletics Kenya because Spathik Motepe continental of African football president is at the helm of Kav but he didn't play the sport he is a mining marketer actually the people who run the major sports in the world I think we will talk about Sebko he is a lawyer he was an athlete he worked at 800 meters at 2 mile record in the 80s and now he is running world athletics that is just one of you look at Platini when he was president of the UF but he also played for France and he had that but that does not mean that you have to play the sport or you played the sport it is just that people need your expertise for that game or for that it is just going on to any other institution and you can do the job Kenya we have been in that we have put in a mechanism where people think that hey I played the sport I can be a leader but when you are given that chance you cannot do it I am pretty sure when Raphael awarded Angelo Kutui people at the helm for federations involved might start raising insecurity that this man wants to unseat them the scary part is most of our sports from the international level it comes through the olympics it comes through the national olympic committee it goes down now to the individual federations you have got tennis you have got basketball people now in these federations are the ones who need to come up with good plans to present them to government and government to appreciate that these plans can go forward now for government past the environment we need to check one another it is like a check on balances what are you doing as government and what are we doing and are we bringing in this policy or this development to help these people and that is where we failed and now the baddest thing on the one thing that where we go wrong is people now will look at the success of Filemon people will look at the success of Angelo for you to award Angelo you have to understand our story and that had to come from the sacrifice that Angelo has put in on actually Rafael tell us about what factors you had put into consideration before settling on the two first of all just building on the point that Angelo was making poor governance has really missed our sports sector in this country and we need to fix that we will not grow sports unless we fix governance and it goes beyond someone has having experience as a player or an athlete that is an important ingredient but it's not the only ingredient because it's not coaching it's more about management and administration so we really need people with vision and also with skills it's only that some of the professionals who have been given that opportunity have also done thismally so everyone doubts that maybe they're not passionate enough about sports more than I think it's just an issue of integrity so we really need to get people of integrity and visionary people because we've seen that happen in various forms of of sports now in terms of awarding I run a foundation called the Borneo Foundation and every year we normally I mean we invest a lot in terms of sports and education and so on sports we look at sports development because we truly believe that while many people focus on education as being essential for development sports can also provide and has provided ladder for development for many people you look at people like Kobe Bryant Kobe Bryant didn't even go to college he moved from high school to go and play straight into the national basketball league I mean he's gone now but he did very very well people like Michael Jordan and others there are many other people who I mean no one asks where Kipchoga went to school because I mean that is not the truck he pursued a different truck so I strongly believe that we need to inspire many more young people to engage in sports and so what do we look at we look at something like determination it's an important component how has someone struggled and put in effort to get to where they are we can talk about Okutoi now but people don't know that Okutoi started playing when she was just four years old I mean she was brought up in the ghetto she's an orphan she was brought up by the uncle look at how Okutoi has done so well for herself and for Kenya to move Kenya from position 11 to now the third position for a sport that many people wouldn't even care even when they were playing here very few people went to the Nairobi club yes Nairobi club to watch because we are not really so much informed about tennis but because of Okutoi now the world is focusing on Kenya as a tennis site you know so that is something that we need to appreciate and I saw that when I gave her this gesture of appreciation the award I realized it's possible she hasn't gotten many of such kind of motivation you should have seen the way she was excited she felt nice she was practicing and I could almost see her shedding tears Filomon is the captain of Gormaya people imagine that maybe they get quite a bit of award when I gave her the token of appreciation he called and you could almost tell that he was so appreciative because we don't appreciate these players enough we don't realize the struggles they go through the determination by these players and then the other thing I also look at is the discipline for you to succeed in sports you really need to be disciplined actually it's to succeed in everything but also in sport because you see sport is talent and talent is something people always assume that it's natural and so you can do whatever you want with it but without discipline talent cannot take you so far so determination, discipline and then the skill also how talented are they so I look at those and our way of appreciating and then urging them on and also more or less challenging people who have the bigger responsibility like government for example like private sector for example they should be moving into support these individuals but also these teams because it's a collective responsibility that we have I think in the future we should understand sports ecosystem because sports is too big with the huge potential locally and you know it's a rich employer not only globally but if we put mechanisms and structures and policies in place sport can be it won't be considered as a part time exercise like it's being done home what will be your advice to the government of the day in terms of what they should do to ensure that you know that comes to effect one is like I said have the right policies and that creates an enabling environment for other players to move in stakeholders private sector civil society two fix the governance governance issue is a big big problem let's fix support federations with the capacity they need the structures that are required and three is to look at sports as an investment not an expense so if for example maniala is going to run in some country we feel like we need to cough money again it's a budget again we don't realize that that is more it's an investment this is someone as an individual he's doing something that the entire country is supposed to be doing promoting Kenya he's doing that using his talent and skill so see it as an investment and let's put in more in it of how investment in sports has also earned them a lot of returns and lastly is just seeing sports as part of our national development let's not see sports as sports let's see sports as part of our national development you see the way we budget for health the way we budget for infrastructure the way we budget for education that is how we should be seeing our sports so that we see it as part and parcel of our national development for an exchange earners we can't just talk about tea horticulture, kofi, tourism sports has to be there in fact sports should be number one because Kenya has immense talent you look at what is happening tomorrow we've got the Nairobi City Marathon I was telling someone give it five editions it will be considered now people will be saying it needs to go to the majors we don't need it to be called something no the Nairobi City Marathon but the second edition after five editions people will be like in Africa you need to go for the Nairobi City Marathon you see what the majors do to the Boston, New York, London it's a big event that comes around just like Ipkino classic there is not advocacy for it to be incorporated into the circuit but I don't want to your point is you need education education is the key factor that can merge all this together you need people who are educated enough to go out there and preach this gospel and actually do the necessary when we go to the European countries we did the Birmingham World Athletics Championship it was in Birmingham it was hosted in a university you go to a university it has got all tennis courts all the games that are in the Olympics schedule are being in the university and that a kid knows that for me am a hockey player from the university level this kid knows that after university I am going professional so education is key and this starts even from the education ministry they are linked with the sports has to be key for them to understand that if we link education and sports it is going to be key in that when a kid is growing up don't just think of talent we want to be an Angela that's just one but if you link education and sports you look at the stats where they say if you don't get a 3-point GPA you are not going to play so you put that together and the development and the policies will flourish forever that's true and Maxela just wanted to add something small I went to a college back in the US and our college was is actually known for basketball I mean for education but more for basketball a duke university duke generates more revenue from basketball than from tuition fees this is a top-tier university but it is known that duke gets more revenue from basketball than tuition fees so people can fail to pay tuition fees but if people fail to watch attend the games the school is going to collapse so that's how important sports is that sports can help us run our education system health sector, transport so we really need to see sports as an enabler also not just as a component of the economy that takes from us sports can give so much so we need to start looking at it from that perspective what is your take regarding commercial aspect of the game because if you happen to attend a local game with someone who is passionate about sports development sports advocacy they understand policies of sports growth and you are with them at Nya National Stadium for a game let's say piting gorma and fc lepads I think when they come out they will have a lot to share because they say first of all stadium is not about just playing surface and what is outside there there is no much hype and even no kids which means the aspect of revenue generation is lacking can we do something better ya ya I think we need to be creative we need to be innovative in ways that we can generate resources for sports and with sports you look at basketball teams or even EPL those teams generate income not just from tickets get tickets they generate income from merchandise which is quite quite huge they generate income from maybe some of the activities they host so I think we really need to be creative people who have been tasked with the responsibility of taking care of our sports need to think beyond get charges get tickets because that seems to be the only my friend you attending a football game piting fc lepads and mother united we will stay at kuche kuche because there is no white cup being so outside there the only point is the only point is where the fun engagement is usually family I think you saw a picture that was trending over dad and dad is a young kid in safarali naivaja sports engagement for you to get eyeballs you have to curate it for the family you can't just curate it for just a gentleman going on to the game but if you curate it in a way that I'm comfortable to come with my kid and my wife to watch the game they will buy a ticket for my nephews to come and watch the game with me you will get eyeballs and the commercial sector that is what they want they don't just want just someone coming on to the football they just want to see if these are family events that they can curate for the commercial sector to come into the sport you have to look at the larger picture in that if I can get eyeballs and family family engagement to come into the stadium then the commercial sector will come on to that game at this point I was almost going to say Osoro for one of these federations no no maybe that's not our thing I think Osoro should do Osoro can be good in campaigning especially after drinking a little bit of frothy liquids and the idea part of the problem is also that people with capacity capability and vision sometimes keep away from taking over some of these governance structures and I think it's very very important that we get more able, visionary passionate people to run these federations and sports in our country because otherwise will keep leaving them to people who are not passionate people who just want to take from it and they are not giving anything those people but they are reluctant to contest for this because they think delegates are pre manipulated even before the voting day someone who is capable of delivering in what they seek to do probably they need delegates to understand what they are capable of doing not necessarily by forking money that's true and of course that is now asked to blame as lovers of sports but generally just elections I think we need to start electing leaders based on their policies and based on their manifestos that's the only way we are going to get the right leaders because sports is suffering because of exactly what you say that sometimes we don't see people for who they are but we see them for what they give and that way we sacrifice people who have the right vision and the right capability so if Osoro has the right vision and the right skills and capability to run a federation and he doesn't have resources or he has resources but not to bright people chances of him winning will be quite meaningless when I ordered filamon why for a federation so I was like not really because like you say in those guys don't listen to your ideas and visions and policies they want to know when I say mazindikisha seran has caught your policies put down to what you said about governance and that's where everything goes now down to the wire here at home people use sports as a benchmark for something else you want to be a chairman of something after that you want to move somewhere we don't look at sports coming in as a custodian when you are a leader you have achieved something in the private sector you have achieved something when you come in to run for a sports federation be a custodian and not even in sports actually in leadership when you look at our legislature these guys are not here for us you need a legislature someone who is coming on to a legislature position to be a person who is going to be a custodian in that what you are going there as you are going there to the legislature as a custodian it's a public service and if our leaders and everyone can think in that way we will be going somewhere else that's why we get to a scenario where politicians are buying football clubs locally they run away because it has to be attributed to the overwhelming passion you have for the game not necessarily to rise in terms of your political ambition because someone like Ambrose Rachel probably if you have a conversation with him he will open up and tell you that whatever he uses that belongs to him personally is so huge but it's because of the love for Gormaya the passion he might have overstayed and the people who are reluctant of unseating him because they know it comes with the expectation it's a huge responsibility and a huge investment for individual at the top because if a team is supposed to turn up for a game or tournament or wherever and no government support no corporate support it is you as an individual they are going to look at you're the chairman man yes and I think in which country overseas before you express an interest of vying for a sporting seat you have to show what you have on the table your wealth status it's in the Bundesliga in Germany for you to be a chairman of a football club you have to own you can stand in for a depth of 15% of the club if the clubbers are dead you go in and you say 15% is on it so they know you get him by being dead so at the end of the day you can know in that they know that you have already made that money and you will look at it's standard practice all over the world in that someone is coming in to be a chairman of something you are wealthy enough that you don't need this you are custodian of this but for us now that mindset has to change that mindset has to change because you don't need someone to be a head of a sport which he doesn't know doesn't care about for him what he wants is for him he just want to come in and just lynch it just get the money off it and that one doesn't work for us so Rafaina someone who is widely traveled you might have come across people who whenever they get to know you are a Kenyan and they know of Shudja they know of Elud Kipchoke they know of Faith Kipyagon and talking about Shudja Raghbi our Kenyan National Raghbi Sevens team got relegated from HSBC World Seven series and now they will be working their night to see whether they can leapfrog and bounce back what do you think that was a big failure on our side even as stakeholders of the game not doing much that could be done to ensure that Kenya retains its place because our late friend Benjamina Imba when he wakes up and see Shudja is not at HSBC Seven series where they can probably defend Singapore Sevens he won with them in 2016 think that will be something else quite disappointing what we don't realise that in this part of the world and Kenya in particular these players succeed not necessarily because of the support given to them but just because of their individual passion and determination and it shouldn't be like that I think they are already giving so much by offering their talent providing their skills to be in the field I think we need to provide an enabling environment and to motivate and support them because most players truly in different sports they don't get that kind of support the other day I was reading the other day I was reading Omanyala in the papers Omanyala was saying how he travels sometimes alone no nutritionist no coach no physio and imagine you travel and that means what he did say and on arrival is supposed to be on the pitch running what a huge sacrifice shuja isn't it the same team we saw some time back fundraising for air tickets through social media to go for a tournament to represent this country and bring glory back home and not just glory market it to an extent that people will know Kenya now you go to places and if you say you are Kenyan the first thing you ask Kenyan or do you know Okutoi or do you know so and so it means that sport is marketing Kenya in ways that are unimaginable or we haven't realized so it's a failure on part of the government but it's a failure also on part of all the stakeholders including the federations including corporates including civil society all of us as individuals because we are supposed to really invest in these sports when you go to the stadium it's also about growing sport so that's why we need to find a way of instead of sometimes like you are saying kupigashere elsewhere without mentioning Osoro you need to be in the stadium because that contribution that ticket that you see is 100, 200 or 500 shillings is going to go a long way of course if those resources are well managed to support these teams we need to sacrifice for Kenya rugby to get to where they were a few years ago because unless we put in the right mechanisms and infrastructures to support these players to support these teams it could be very very difficult so we really really failed as a country and various components of this country I think it was also a major and doing on the side of Kenya tourism board and general minister because they are also supposed to use our sportsmen and women for advertising the country internationally you remember that now Mekam Bel Noise yes yes and when we have the likes of Angelo Kutui, Victor Wanyama Eliut Kipchoge I think going forward probably this country will do better because we've seen the commitment shown by president William Ruto in rally the other day alongside former PM and the two topmost leaders embracing the game can we treat that as a statement? Yes you can treat it as a statement but the understanding of it can be connoted differently in the people understanding it but from the ministry perspective of how you are going to market the country as a sports destination I think it has worked you look at we got the safari rally coming back into the country that was a good will from the government we've got the European tour the golf European tour coming on to the country we've got the Nairobi city marathon going on we've got the Kipkeino classic going on now it is about now how the government can maximise on that to get the best profit the best benefits of those sports events that are coming on to the country and for them to come into that they now need to understand these conversations that are happening inside their sport they need to be there when you land at JKIA you don't see a billboard of value you don't see a billboard of faith Kipkeino remember in 2012 when Rudisha broke the 800m record in London in London when they landed in Kenya at JKIA they thought that Rudisha is really massive big person in Kenya but they landed at JKIA and they don't see when a post then they get surprised kumbe kumbe more far is bigger than Rudisha I saw that in Boston where they normally have Boston marathon the late 1-0 if you are in Kenya and you don't know 1-0 you will be chased but yet here there is nothing to show that he is when they did that mural of elu people saw that mural of elu that mural of faith now people will start appreciating that now the tourism and everything appreciate those figures put them outside there for people to see in that I don't think there is a marathon that Kenya has not won you go to Paris, you go to New York you go to Boston, Chicago, London, Berlin elu does one Berlin and everything the moment you land in Berlin and you talk of elu is a big thing but here at home people know how massive elu is outside there for us to appreciate we can have even until evening hours of the day because it can never come to an end when we talk about sports policies structures, mechanisms that are aimed at getting our game to another level and it's been a pleasure doing this with this gentleman in the studio Rafael, less than a minute your patting show your final submissions what should we do let's invest in sports let's make sports part of our national development let's fix poor governance let's have the right policies let's appreciate what our sportsmen and women are doing let's inspire them, let's motivate them and let's give them the support that they need to continue doing what they are doing that is so important and these calls for collective responsibility individuals in whichever way and form you can support it, please do civil society, media most importantly private sector and government we really need to give sports the backing that it requires good staff Rafael Obonyo joining us this particular afternoon to share his excellent insights regarding sports development in the countries reputable public policy, analyst and where many hearts indeed so much away from sports which my friend told me this particular morning but I think I'm just learning something different that he also has got overwhelming passion and love for the game and it's been a pleasure doing this every Saturday 1, 2, 3 Tashline, Maxwell Waseek alongside my long time ally Robert Osoro and of course the conversation continues even as we come to an end of this program ashtag Tashline Y25 at Waseek Maksul at Mirumbi Osoro I think I've gotten it right to everyone who got involved in making this as access led by Beatrice Abdul Razak Faith Stacey Mandy I think the list is endless it's been a pleasure doing this with these people have a nice weekend and indeed a sporting one tomorrow is Nairobi County Marathon I think we will stay tuned to it don't go away enjoy the weekend