What's the rest of the song?  That's what I came to talk about, since our very creative and very ill businesses are related. Last year, a few brave reporters wrote an expose that blasted through all 24 time zones and ripped the artifice off the working relationships between men and women.  It's just that those men had been protected by their wealth and leverage and lawyers for so long that no one had the brass knuckles to break through the iron wall. But the New York Times and the New Yorker had the muscle to do so and a sweeping historical change began almost immediately. The story began with an expose in my workplace, Hollywood, where I somehow managed to toil mostly successfully and mostly happily for the last 30-something. We won't say quite how many years. Within weeks, the same behavior turned out to be rampant in other businesses and bad guys fell from the sky all over the place, notably in the restaurant business, the media business, academia, theater, and other traditionally male-dominated businesses, i.e. all of them. From there, this outrage has spread as wide as China, India, and even Saudi Arabia. This message is bigger and far more impactful than any international blockbuster we ever made. I wanna share with you what it was like being at the center of the storm as this broke, being at the center of the brokenness itself and how I tried to keep it from dimming my slowly rising star all the time, refusing to see how it diminished me and the women around me.  Mom, this is horrible. What was it like for you when you first started out? I said, he said, I'm reading this and realizing how horrible this must have been for you. And as much as I appreciated his sudden appreciation for my long road and appreciation, I must say, he'd never shown before. I said, Harvey didn't hit on women like me. I didn't seem powerless even before I had any power. I came from the newspaper business and maybe they thought I would tell. I was trying to figure out why men like that never hit on me actually. But then I realized they needed powerless women who needed them to get a job and thrived on that power imbalance and realizing that infuriated me. In the movie business, powerless meant aspiring actresses, interns and assistants who were just starting out. In your business, the parallels are clear. Line cooks, servers, hostesses. The more you need the powerful man, the more succulent you appear to them, ready for the spit. I began my own movie career developing flash dance with a woman who became my best friend, Dawn Steele, then at Paramount and you were all not born yet. Which is a harrowing, harrowing thought to me. We were among many young women in development called D-Girls. That meant we passed out water, fancy water at meetings at the time. And she later became a legendary powerhouse, one of the first two women to become studio heads. She was a star up from the marketing department. In fact, she had marketed Gucci toilet paper just to show you how ahead of her time she really was. And as though, even though she later became famous for being a doyan of the girls club, one of her greatest joys was crashing anything that reeked of boys only. Rafting trips, men's rooms, board rooms, an iconic picture of her by Carl Lagerfield has her coming out of the men's room zipping up or fly. She was a guy's gal.  She was not afraid of a good fight. And sometimes she lost. Ultimately, she was fired by a trusted male boss while she was pregnant. And she found out in the end that she was as vulnerable as any woman despite her enormous strength and camaraderie with her male peers. When she died of brain cancer, she was buried with the girls club as her pallbearers. Ironically, she found her greatest strength and comfort with us. The guys had let her down. I was lucky to have come to town, just as women like Dawn were getting traction in positions of authority. And I naturally gravitated towards them. We had never heard the term sexual harassment, let alone that HR department. But we were frequently moving errant hands on our thighs back where they belonged with small acts of swats. Screaming bosses and aggressive flirting were part of the fabric of everyday life. That our bosses were vulgarians. That came with the territory. That was life penetrating the locker room.  I almost fell off my chair. But if I had, that would have been my last meeting in the studio chief's office. So the director and I kept talking about her chops, which is not in my business a cut of meat, but a way we refer to real acting talent. If you wanted in on the decision making, you just had to block out the insulting sexism and keep talking about the actress. You had to go deaf. Don't get kicked out of the room was the rule. And in the end, we cast the woman we wanted and we stayed in the room. As the small warm-blooded animals among the dinosaurs, we learned to huddle together to be nurtured. There were men we called pigs and drunks and we warned each other about them with a code word or an eye roll. The worst offenders are being outed now. They were in the center of the Venn diagram we called pig drunks. I've heard you all did the exact same thing. It's female primate behavior. For some reason, excuse me, coffee please. I've only had two today and my usual is four as everyone at Squirrel will tell you. That's why I'm here. Thank you, Squirrel. For my dinner at Noma. Brene. And the finest and nicest group of people I've ever had the pleasure of keeping company with. Who have a lot to teach my peers. For some reason when women got these jobs, no matter how immensely successful they were, they never acted like they were versions of Mad Men episode gone horribly awry. There were perks, drivers and beloved jets, but no sense of the abuse of power that seemed to many men like it came with the job like Fitzgerald Novella. We all felt so lucky just to have the jobs. Remember that word, luck, it's a killer. And if darting and dodging unwanted passes was part of it, well that was life. And we built an arsenal of tools to deal with it. We were like octopi with arms and legs swinging wildly and pasted on smiles. Kind of like my granddaughter's dance, The Floss. When Deborah Hill and I first got together in the 90s, packaged by Dawn and brought to her studio, the first of the girls club's deals, many agents set up these get to know you deal meetings with their actresses. Now I look back on those meetings and understand why they, the actresses seemed so excited to be there. For one thing, it never occurred to us to meet in hotel rooms in our bath robes. Crazy, isn't it? On set, women producers would go into the wardrobe trailer genuinely to discuss wardrobe. In astonishing relief it turned out for costume designers, wardrobe assistants, actors and set PAs who were used to protecting trailer doors from Trump misuniverse type invasions made by peering male producers. It was a whole other ball game. People felt safe. Female stars were immediately attracted to the idea of female producers. And as they watched us, they studied us and they began producing themselves, wrapping themselves in their own leverage as had always been used by others. This was a sea change. Now you can look at your movies and see produced by Reese Witherspoon, produced by Sandy Bullock. I taught Sandy how to produce. And that makes me very proud. And it's no wonder all of these abusers were clearly living in the bubble of their own enormous narcissism. Successful, big scale narcissism attracts a mirroring entourage that blocks out criticism, common sense and ethics in return for money and access. This narcissistic derangement is like a distortion in the local space time, warping everything and everyone around it until a radical event like the one we've just experienced, one's in an Eon event, wax it back in perspective, eviscerating the black hole center, leaving everyone who had been orbiting, spinning outward, stunned at all the carnage and deception they'd been literally party to. We see it everywhere. In the claims of the junk and alpha chef who thought all the waitresses really wanted to caress him. And the repulsive Harvey, thinking that his significance and suddenly made him sexy after all these, after a lifetime of being the ugly duckling. They lived for years with a swag they felt entitled to, along with the Rolls Royce, ripe something young, new bile and female. This came with the territory for the moguls and for some of your pardon the expression top chefs too. And while the cultural clock was ticking, the dinosaur in all his ways started going out of style in Hollywood. Bullying, screaming, phone throwing and hide dungeon went out of fashion. The overt use of drugs diminished and gentility and team building was becoming the new order. These outsized moguls were literally bursting the themes of their fancy pants. Even with the good manners and less phone throwing growing in popularity, there was still nowhere for us to go with our complaints. The cops didn't try to get them prosecuted. It wasn't until we reached critical mass, I think with the outrage, outrage of Donald Trump and his pussy grabbing, that women built the courage to talk to reporters. Finally, it all cracked. The moral arc of the universe took its damn time to bend. What is it about our two cultures that attract these outsized creatures? What encourages these bubbles and entitlement that had grown around them? Their names are often the brands of their business. Their ambition pushed their creativity to turn their names into a commodity, something we women were rarely bred to do in the same way. Significantly, in my generation in movies, women became producers instead of directors, using our considerable talents in service of others. Give me some money for my great male director. He's a genius. We would never push ourselves. For fear we would be laughed at for being so audacious. Founder entitlement, which we see at our famous restaurants and with guy directors pushing their own logos, was much harder for my generation of women to muster. Like mother bears, we could fight for others, but not for ourselves. That took way too long. Since this unraveling began, I've learned that young women are not only furious at men. Here's the hard part for me. They're angry with women like me too. At first, the stunned me. They're angry that it went on at all. They're angry that they don't feel safe at work or writ large, given who is in charge in our country as he would tweet, bigly. Everything seems broken and rigged against them and they're mad as hell and won't take it anymore. And as we are part of the system, we are part of the problem. I've debated this with my 30s and 40-something girlfriends long into the night. I gave my side and listened to theirs. I argued that we did what we had to do given that the business had been closed, shut, period. That there was no one to tell about what went on but each other. The police, that's a cruel joke. And if a man got in our way, we navigated around him, learning strategic skills that were great for us. As you can see, I've come a long way myself this year. And if a man was kind and nurturing in a fatherly way, we were thrilled. Guys like that let us participate and taught us the game. And we, in turn, did the same for women who came after. I scored mentors, I mentored scores of women. And I scored mentors of women, too. I wonder how you do that, actually. I'm gonna work on that. And I produced nor Efron's, proudly produced nor Efron's directing debut in the 90s when it wasn't a thing. And there was no systemic support for it in the business as there is now. No women would be writing shows, I told them. They wouldn't be writing shows or movies if I hadn't cracked the glass ceiling for them. All of us, blah, blah, blah, they told me. They already knew this. It wasn't the point, they argued. I felt underappreciated and glum. It took me a long time to understand what they were saying. Yes, individuals had succeeded. Each one of us who broke through, for each one of us who broke through, room was made for a talented few more. Until year by year, more women earned positions of power and influence. But we let the handsiness go as the price of doing business. We didn't tell on the abusers who gave us green lights and money. We didn't use our power as a group to protect the whole of us. We used it to protect us individually. They feel that we tolerated it as the cost of doing business. And we left it for them to deal with. The story of BBC China editor, Carrie Gracie, is the one that crystallized it for me. A woman of my generation, that means she's 130 just to be clear, she sacrificed the job she loved where she worked for three decades when it was revealed that they'd lied to her about getting equal pay to her male counterparts. She forced the issue and in the process exposed to the staffs, the fees for the entire new staff. And the information was used to fight for pay parity for all the women at the BBC. As the New Yorker recently wrote, Gracie's gift is part of a growing bid to fix the system rather than hope that a few determined women might be able to beat it. Here and there, some of the time it's the multiplier effect of solidarity. This is what I hadn't realized. As we, my generation, was just squeaking in the door, so happy just to have the job, so grateful to be making our living doing what we loved, like fortunate second class citizens. We never received proper participation or even asked for it. Or I didn't, like the men did, those with fewer hits than me for sure. Not until Sherri Lansing, the other woman's studio head, took me into her studio in my third decade of pro-producing, appalled that I didn't receive profit participation in my movies.  And gave me gross points for the first time. It was the way it always was, and I just stupidly acquiesced because we were outliers.  The luck drug again. No more mister and miss and miss and misses. No more women outliers, lucky to be in the game. We are not lucky because we are here. We are here because we are talented and really good at what we do. We are in the game as any other player. We are writers, showrunners, directors, producers, studio heads, DPs, chefs, owners, franchise owners, entrepreneurs, artists, creators of businesses that never before existed. So now, how do we forgive imperfect men? And now we find out imperfect women. For that is certainly part of the future we face. I have come to see at my age that life is full of grays and that our idols, mentors, comrades, and coworkers are imperfect as we are. So we must invent new power relations with room for collaborative comfort because that's what makes work joyous. We have to and want to work with men in a new power relation of equals. We must hone our chops by working with the best people around as you have done, Renee.  We can tolerate and even enjoy, as I do, a certain amount of individual eccentricities as long as we let people know when their behavior crosses a line. If we are strong, we will not lose our way and become the worst versions of those very talented but flawed people we learned from. We need to understand how to be powerful in a way that's not abusive, not hierarchical, and encourages the best of our growing team. We must reconceive power so we don't see the same terrible patterns of victim becoming victimizer. We read in Kim Severson's important new importing. We must not idealize all women, nor demonize all men, but show the best of what is different about us women that we can learn and learn to carry our success with grace. So I say to my son, it was tough, but I'm still standing and learning and I'm still having fun. And now I have gross points. And women are everywhere and safe, I pray, at last.


Hi, everyone. My name is Andrea Basso and I'm going to present our work on cryptanalysing an oblivious pseudo-random function protocol based on super-singularisogenes, like Bonnie, Kogan, and Boo. This is joint work together with my co-authors Peter Kutush, Simon Phillip-Murth, Christophe Petit, and Antonis Anso. I will start by briefly recalling what an OPRF is. Then I will describe the OPRF protocol by Bonnie et al. And eventually present two types of attack, a poly-time attack and a sub-an exponential time attack. Eventually I will conclude by describing some implementation of results as well as discussing the need for a trusty setup. An oblivious pseudo-random function, or OPRF, is a two-party protocol where a client and a server jointly evaluate a pseudo-random function F, whose input is value M chosen by the client and a key chosen by the server. In particular, we want the client to learn the output of the evaluation, this F of K and M, but nothing else. So the client shouldn't be able to evaluate or get function on any other input without interacting further with the server. And conversely, we want the server to learn nothing. So the identity of the client must remain perfect as well as its input. And on top of that, we want the server does not learn even the hash of the message, because that would allow the server to distinguish when the same input is reused twice. Moreover, some OPRF protocol have an additional property called verifiableness. When an OPRF is verifiable, the server also provides some guarantee or some zero-knowledge proof. The same key K is reused across all iterations. Oblique pseudo-random functions are an important primitive because they have several applications. These include password-authenticated key exchanges with the one notable mention OPEC, the protocol that builds packet based on OPRFs, as well as privacy-hate-intersection, privacy-preserving captures, and many other real-world applications that are reused and deployed every day. Last year, Boney et al. presented two Oblique pseudo-random functions based on super-singular esogenous. One was developed in the framework of CSIDE and one in the SIDH framework. Our work focuses on the SIDH one, which was also the main focus of their work. The main idea is that we can have an SIDH type of exchange and we can look at the shared secret, the resulting curve and use that as the output of our pseudo-random function. However, we can use an SIDH type of exchange directly because the client has access to the server public key, which allows the client to evaluate the OPRF on multiple inputs without further interacting with the server. And similarly, the server can also see the curve EM, which depends exclusively on the message M. So while the result is what we want, the privacy guarantees are not there. Those Boney et al. propose to disregard all the other computations and only start by computing the isogenic corresponding to input M. Then the client computes an additional isogenic, phi of R, which is called a blinding isogenic. The resulting curve EMR does depend on the input M, but hides or blinds this value. Indeed, the server once sees the curve EMR will not be able to recover EM or the message M. This curve is then sent to the server who computes the isogenic phi K. Note that this isogenic is parallel to the isogenic between E0, EK, and corresponds to that one. The server also provides some torsion information which allows the client to invert the isogenic phi R. When the client inverts the isogenic, unblinds the value and obtain the curve EMK. In this way, the client can recompute the curve that would have been computed by a shared SIDH computation. However, in this case, the client does not learn the public key of the server and the server does not learn anything about the client. Or formally, we can define the zero random function F to be the hash of the input M, the resulting curve or its J invariant and the public key of the server. The security of OPRFs are fairly complex because they depend on several assumptions. In our work, we mainly focus on one assumption, the so-called one more assumption, which states that an attacker who has interacted several times with the server cannot compute one more evaluation of the OPRF on a new input. And the assumption is stated in reference to a game which starts with the attacker being able to send points M on the curve E0. The challenger then computes the corresponding curve E of M0 and then E on zero K, which is the resulting curve from the OPRF. The attacker then is allowed to repeat this process several times. And eventually the attacker needs to output the OPRF evaluation corresponding point M prime, where M prime is chosen by the challenger. This assumption is different from the protocol in two main ways. One, in the assumption, the attacker, which in the protocol corresponds to the client, submits points. In the protocol itself, this would reveal the input of the client because the client needs to compute that chain or the audience needs to protect their own privacy. In the assumption, the attacker sends points to abstract away from the privacy preserving computations as well as because the client provides zero knowledge proofs that their identity coefficients are correct in the protocol. The other main difference is that in the OPRF protocol, the client hashes their input onto the point M and then uses that for their computation. This is needed to prevent simple attacks where a two neighbor here corresponds to a two neighbor of the resulting curve. And that prevents those type of attacks because even if the client would compute a neighboring curve of this curve, they would not know the input corresponding to that point M. And this corresponds in the assumption to the fact that the attacker needs to output the resulting value for a point M point chosen by the challenger rather than chosen by the attack. We will now present an attack that can fully break this assumption and compute the share curve for any input point P. And in general, we will use a two-step strategy. First, we devise a strategy to recover the curve EK, which corresponds to the public key of the server if it was an SIDH exchange as well as the sample generated by the image of a point M under the private isogeny of the server. For some point M. Once we can do this, then we can repeat this process a few times in order to combine several points to obtain the image of 5K on the 2 to the N version on E0. This is assuming that the isogenies are the client corresponds of order 2 to the N. Once we have this, then we have a full attack because for any point P in the 2 to the N portion is 0, we can compute the subgroup generated by the image of P on EK. And this, we can compute the output of the PRF as EK modded by this value, which corresponds to isogeny from E0 with kernel P and K. So let's see how to do the first step first, where we want to recover EK as well as points on the curve. We start from the curve E0 and we query the challenger with a point M and we obtain the curve E and K. Then we will query with a point 2M. Now the point 2M will have order 2 to the N minus 1 and this curve will correspond to the curve on the isogeny between E0 and EM. We can then repeat the process with 4M, 8M and so on. Eventually when at the end, we will obtain the curve EK, but we will also have to recover all the points, all the curves on the isogeny between EK and EMK. So if we know the green isogeny, we know the kernel of the green isogeny. And the kernel of the green isogeny is precisely the generated by the image of M under the isogeny 5K. So now that we can recover the subgroup generated by 5K of M for any point M on E0 on the 2N torsional E0, we can also recover, that means that we can also recover the image of M on EK up to a non-scale. Thus, we repeat the process by varying 4 point M, N which must be linearly independent from M and M plus N, which gives us the point M prime, which is a scalar multiple of the image of M, N prime a scalar multiple of the image of N and the same for R, which is a scalar multiple of the sum of the image of M plus N. But now we know that M prime and N prime form a basis for the Google M version on EK. So we can express R prime in terms of M prime and N prime. If we do all the computations, we see that the ratio between the alpha and beta is exactly the same as the ratio between beta and B and alpha and A, which gives us just enough information to compute what we want. Indeed, given any point P of order to the N on E0, we can express that in terms of M and N. And then we can compute the subgroup generated by the image of P as X prime plus Y N prime times alpha over beta. That is because we know that M prime is the correct image scale by alpha and N prime is the correct image scale by beta. But then when we multiply by alpha for beta, the two beta scans those out and we have that both this value and this value are multiples of alpha, which is a not scalar. So that does not affect the subgroup computations and we obtain precisely what we want. So to briefly summarize what we have done so far, we've seen that we can use all of lambda queries to recover the subgroup generated by 5K of M for any point M in the two to the N torsion in E0. Once we have three such subgroups for M and N plus N, we can then compute the subgroup generated by the image of P for any point P without further queries or further interaction with the challenger. And this allows us to break the one more assumption because we can now evaluate the OPRF or any input of our choosing without further interactions. However, this depends entirely on the fact that we can submit points of varying order. And while the isogenic, sorry, while the assumption as stated does not have any requirements, it is easy to check that the query points have full order because it is easy to work such an attack. Moreover, while this attack applies to the assumption, it does not directly translate to the OPRF protocol because the protocol also requires the client to provide a zero knowledge proof to protect against GSD attacks, which this zero knowledge proof has also the effect of guaranteeing that the corresponding points and just the corresponding isogenes have full order. So we will now present a new way to recompute the values on EK that will only use queries with full order points. This type of attack will be sub-exponential but will also apply to the protocol. Note that the second part where we use multiple sub-groups on EK to then break down one more assumption remain the same as in the previous attack. Now we submit a point M again to the challenger and obtain the curve EMK. Then we consider the isogenic from easier to EM and backtrack a bit. After we backtrack, we deviate and go back to another curve here that has distance from E0 to the end. So we can then submit the point corresponding to this curve to the challenger because this point will have full order and we obtain then a curve down here. Now, since the degree of the secret isogenes co-prime with the degree of the isogenes of the client, we have that the share parent of these two curves corresponds to the image of this curve under the curve under the isogenic 5K of the server. And we can repeat this process several times by query multiple points and then checking for their common parents. And then we can check for their common parents again and repeat this several times until we go back all the way to EK. Once again, we recover all the intermediate curves from EK to EMK. So we recover the isogenic from EK to EMK, the greener isogen. Once we have that, the remaining part of the attack is exactly the same as in the polynomial time attack. The attack relies on building a binary tree to pre-compute all the intermediate curves and does the isogenic from EK to EK over a given point. This attack can now work because all the curves on the bottom layer are to do the N away from EK and this order checking won't prevent this type of attack. The complexity of building these three depends on the number of queries that we are using. A higher number of queries will mean that we have a higher number of curves on the bottom layer and this multiple computations are required to build the entire tree. Conversely, if we use fewer queries, then we will have fewer curves on the bottom layer and this fewer computations and fewer steps needed to get to EK. However, when we use a higher number of queries, the curves are closer together and this computing a common parent will be faster. Indeed, to compute a common parent, we use a meet-in-the-middle approach whose complexity depends on the distance between the two curves. If we use fewer queries, then we will require fewer meet-in-the-middle computations but the complexity of each would be higher and this explains the flexibility of our attack. Indeed, our attack allows to easily trade off queries for complexity and vice versa. But to show that such an attack always brings a positive impact on and can always decrease the security, we show that with as few as two queries, we already reduced the complexity of the attack from lambda to two lambda over three. Moreover, the attack can be highly formalizable. That is because the computation that takes place in one side of the tree are completely independent from the computations on the other side, which means that we can then traverse the tree on a graph-first approach and thus paralyze the different branches. On the other hand, if we do want to minimize the amount of memory required, we can travel the tree in a depth-first manner which will require a higher computation time but will minimize the amount of memory. Thus, to sum up, we have a full sub-attack that builds a binary tree to recover EK and points on EK and will then use the second part of the attack already presented for the poly-time attack. And since we have this trade-off between number of queries and overall complexity, we can achieve a balanced trade-off when the number of queries is comparable to the complexity of the middle computation. And when that happens, we have an overall sub-exponential complexity for the attack. Note that this assumes that query computations have a unitary complexity. In real-world applications, this is not the case because the server will require a certain amount of time to process the request and output the value of the OPRF. However, since the attack is highly flexible, we can then take into consideration the computation time sub-server and find the number of queries that minimize the running time of the attack. An interesting point of this type of attack is that, unlike the poly-time attack, cannot be easily prevented. There are no simple or obvious countermeasures that can afford the attack with one possible exception, which is increasing the parameter size. The attack, of course, is sub-exponential non-poly-time, because if we increase the parameter enough, we can make this type of attack costly enough. However, if we want to guarantee 128 bits of security, we would have to use extremely large isogenic degrees. For 128 bits of security, the client would need to use isogenic degrees higher than 2 to the power of 4,000, which is extremely not practical. And, of course, there might be new ADOC and efficient countermeasures, but this seems to be highly non-trivial. To validate the correctness of the attack, it shows its feasibility in practice. We implemented our attack in stage math and run the full attack on a laptop machine. We remarked that this implementation is not particularly optimized, so the results shown here provide some sort of lower bound to what it can be achieved. On this side of the table, we see the parameters used, including the size of the prime, the bits of security, and the degree of the isogenic corresponding to the client, where Q denotes the exponent of the number of queries. So in this attack, we use 2 to the 3 queries up to the 18th queries. In the middle section, we see the parameters corresponding to the meeting the middle part, where the distance denotes distance between two curves as well as its memory requirements. And eventually we have the running time of the complete attack. As you can see, the running time does grow quite quickly, but for 67 bits of security, we can compute the entire attack in less than two days, which is a complete break of the security guarantees. And while we didn't run the full attack for 128 bits of security, we were able to estimate the overall running time based on partial results, and we saw that the attack should take less than six years. Once again, this implementation is not particularly optimized and does not run on a powerful machine. So a better implementation running on a cluster will be able to significantly reduce the running time of the attack. And our code is available on GitHub, so feel free to check it out. Lastly, we want to discuss how the starting curve is selected. The paper does not specify how the starting curve is chosen. Besides saying that it should be random. However, there is no I'm going to compute a random super singular curve at the moment, because some party needs to take it. And we have several possibilities, including the client, a third party, the server using a known curve or having to rely on the trustee setup. If the client or a third party choose the curve, they can choose to backdoor it. This means that if a backdoor curve is used, the server is then vulnerable to a key recovery attack using torsion point attacks, which would reveal the key K of the server and it would completely break the OPRF protocol. Secondly, the server may choose the curve or a known curve such as E1728 may be chosen. However, if the server knows the endomorphism ring of the starting curve, this can lead to a simple attack that breaks the super singularized adge in equalization assumption using the security proof of the protocol. At this stage, it is not clear yet whether breaking the assumption leads to breaking some security properties of the protocol because it seems like the protocol is slightly more involved than what the security assumption proves. However, since the security guarantees are not clear when the server knows the endomorphism of the ring and since if the client or a third party choose the curve that can lead to a full key recovery attack on the server, at the moment a trustee setup is needed. To sum up, we presented two attacks that break the one more assumption used in the security proof of the protocol and we also showed that one of the two attacks, the sub-exponential one leads to an attack on the OPRF protocol where after a sub-exponential amount of queries and a sub-exponential amount of computations, we can then evaluate the OPRF without further interacting with the server which defeats the entire purpose of an OPRF protocol. We also provide an implementation that demonstrates the attack is feasible in practice and does sensibly reduce the security guarantees of the protocol. And eventually we also discussed the need for a trustee setup. For future work, we want to look into improving the attack complexity, ideally reducing the sub-exponential attack to a polynomial one as well as develop new and efficient countermeasures that can prevent this type of attack. We are also interested in studying the trustee setup performance and either showing that attack on the assumption leads an attack on the protocol or amending the security proof to show that this attack does not actually apply to the protocol. If you have any questions, feel free to check out our paper available on the e-print or reach out to me or any of my co-authors. Thank you very much for your attention.


From the heart of the jungle comes a savage cry of victory. This is Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle. From the black core of dark Africa, land of enchantment, mystery and violence comes one of the most colorful figures of all time. Transcribed from the immortal pen of Edgar Rice Burroughs. Tarzan, the bronzed white sun of the jungle. And now in the very words of Mr. Burroughs, the story of African Thanksgiving. It was late fall and the heat hung like a stifling blanket over the jungle where it bordered the native city of El Reden. Even the recently cut branches that covered the pitfalls were dry and lifeless. There were many of these traps designed to protect the city against marauding beasts. A huge lion lay on the bottom of one of the pits gasping for breath in the arid heat of noon. For a moment the lion seemed confused as the slender figure of a white girl came hurtling down into the pit. Then he crouched low snarling. He was about to spring when a bronze savage leaped into the pitfall and came slowly toward him. A gleaming shaft of steel in his powerful hands. Just that rude over there and scramble up the side. Let us see, Monsieur. Start back to the city. Hurry. I will do as you say, Monsieur. I should not have run away on the first place. I stand no chance of escaping. I better scramble out of here myself. The girl's out of sight already. She really must have run as fast as... I wonder what she meant by standing no chance of escaping. I think I'll go back to the public inn at El Reden and find out. Usually the inn at El Reden was either completely deserted or almost so. But now the walled courtyard was crowded. A dozen Arab horses were tethered there. A cortege of slaves stood about and an enormous Senegalese guard stood sentry at the inn's entrance. His fierce eyes gleamed from beneath the scarlet fez and he raised a huge broadsword as Tarzan attempted to enter. Not go past this door. The sign proclaims this to be a public inn and I desire to enter. I'm looking for a girl who just ran from the jungle. Is no girl here. Inn is closed to others during stay of Sheikh Hassanin Mohammed Hazara, my master. Room for no one else. I believe the girl is here and I intend to talk to the owner of the inn. What is the cause for the disturbance, Muki? Jungle man say he talked to you. I tell you... Ah, it is Tarzan. May I be of service, Jungle Lord? I seek a young French girl. French girl? There is no French girl here. Well, I should like to meet Sheikh Hazara and see what he has to say about her presence. Perhaps you have been paid for your silence. I will confer with him, but you shall have to remain here. And I must block the door against the possibility of your intrusion. You are both fools. Had you invited this Tarzan to enter, I could have easily explained away the matter of the girl. But now you increased his curiosity. You make matters most difficult. We only did what you ordered. You said no one else was to be admitted. Unless I satisfy the curiosity of this Jungle man, he may bring the police here. I cannot afford questions until I have reached my own land with a lovely French Mamzelle. If there's nothing further you wish of me. But there is, innkeeper. I desire you to prepare the most lavish meal of what you are capable, and to bring forth the best wines your sellers afford. But of course, mighty Sheikh. I hasten to carry out... Just a moment. Yes, mighty Sheikh. Give me the key to the front door. Of course. Here. I hasten to do your bidding. What you do, master? I shall throw the door open wide for the Lord of the Jungle. I shall invite him inside, and I shall honor him with food and drink. And whereas you two stumbling fools have only peaked his curiosity, I shall lay it to rest. No man shall deprive me of the beauty of the French girl. She shall be mine for all time. You want mookie car guards? Watch Tarzan if he try to make move against mighty Sheikh. I am more concerned with the actions of the girl.  Both her slender wrists and her tiny feet.  And leave the whip where I can reach it easily should it be necessary to prove to her once again that I am the master. I do, as you say. Good. With a gag in her mouth, she cannot cry out. And I am quite confident that I cannot witness Jungle Man. We'll return to our story of Tarzan in just a moment. The last time Tarzan had been to the inn, it had been a crude affair. But for Sheikh Hazara's visit, it had been hung with silken drapes and lavish brocades. Indeed, it seemed like an oriental palace, and the innkeeper and his assistants were scurrying about, preparing a lavish meal for the desert potentate and his most honored guest. But I insist you remain with me. It is not pleasant to dine alone. I shall accept with thanks. I desire to discuss one of the members of your entourage. But who among my followers has deserved the notice of such a noble one as you? The young French girl who ran into the jungle and then returned here. And I warn you not to deny her presence. Why should I deny it? The Senegalese guard and the innkeeper pretended I had imagined her. I thought they acted on your orders. They were but exercising caution. You see, Tarzan, we have not as yet been united by the vows of marriage. Nor can we be until we have reached my land. Here the government frowns on a man having more than one wife. And this girl is returning to your land voluntarily? Before you take your departure, you may hear with your own ears the girl's admission that she goes with me voluntarily.  Ah, yes, the gag. I shall remove it immediately. I am afraid Muki misunderstood my orders. I did not wish you bound again. I have given up hope of taming you, Rene. There you are, my insulin beauty. What trick are you planning now? I am through with tricks. This afternoon you ran away and were almost killed. I shall not continue to press my suit. If you would rather face a jungle lion than me, you must detest me greatly indeed. It is not that I detest you. At least I did not at first, but I came to Africa to meet the man I love. And I have no intention of becoming a member of your home. I have abandoned all hope of taking you home with me. What do you mean? A jungle potentate said he'd seen you in the jungle this afternoon when you ran away.  The same. He desires you as one of his wives. And I have decided to let him take you. Perhaps you may enjoy the life in the jungle more than you would the life among my people. There you will be dressed in crude skins.  Beasts will be on your very doorstep. Your companions will be the foul-smelling savages with rings through their noses. And if you do anything, it displeases them. You will be torn limb from limb and devoured by these followers of ties. No, please, Ezra, take me back to Algiers. The one I love was to meet me there. He will be worried sick by now. I have decided to return you to Algiers. But now that this jungle lord has taken a fancy to you, I may find it difficult. I will not go with him. You've got to save me from him, Ezra. He demands to see you before he leaves. But perhaps we can resist his demands. Ezra, why is your slave dragging the girl in? She is shy, except before me. Bring her over here, Muki. Yes, master. Musicians, cease your playing. We have an important jungle potentate who would put questions to this very young damsel. Why do you shrink from me, girl? I saw how you acted this afternoon.  Am I to admire such a savage? But I killed only so that you would not be injured. You are like the rest. I protected you because your life was in danger. And that wild scream. What did that mean? It was the victory cry of the bully. I learned it from... The bully? Oh, save me from him, Ezra. You do not require saving from me. I came here only because I thought the sheik held you against your will. I heard you say something about standing no chance to escape. You misunderstood me. I said no such thing. I was sure I heard you say those words. I intended resting you from sheik, Ezra, and taking you away to wherever you want to be. You will not take me. I will not go with you.  That is enough, Rene. Are you convinced, Jungle Lord? Yes. I apologize, Ezra. I shall be on my way now. Thank you for your hospitality. Not at all. We shall sojourn here for a few days before we ride on to the desert. Feel free to visit me at any time. I shall not come back this way. I am returning to the heart of my jungle. Goodbye. I shall show you to the door, Tarzan. Thank you, innkeeper. I am sorry I insisted on entering your inn, but I was under the impression... Musicians, resume the music of my land. Muki. Yes, master? Fetch my hookah. I desire the sweet incense of my pipe after this trying ordeal. I would have peace and rest before our journey of the morrow. You are taking me back to Algiers so that I can meet him? Algiers. I should journey all the way back to Algiers so that I may give you to another? No, my dear Rene. I am taking you to the desert so that you can become my bride. But you said that... I said just enough so that you will respond to Tarzan as I had hoped. You will continue to speak and act as I desire. And if my words do not convince you, be reminded of my other methods by the sound of my whip. Music It was cold and penetrating that night as Tarzan made his way deep into the jungle. But the morning was hot again and the unseasonable dryness had scorched the earth and destroyed the plants in a small game. Even the carrion birds were hungry, and as Tarzan made his way through the upper level, he could see a flock of them circling vainly over the jungle while.  They had sighted a prey and a scent of man, not yet dead, assailed Tarzan's nostrils. He streaked through the free tops and a moment later he could see the hideous giant-like birds clawing and pecking at an exhausted white man. Tarzan leaped down and his neck described great harks as he stabbed curiously at the monstrous scavengers of the jungle. It's no use. It's no use anyway. What's no use? Trying to make way through the jungle. I'll ever find her anyway. You're searching for someone? I was searching. Not anymore. I'm finished. I'll never find Rene. Rene? I've seen a girl by that name. Of course, there are many French girls whose names are Rene. No, you don't. I've been taken in too many times as it is. Last one who claimed he'd seen her brought me into the jungle. He took the fee, I'd promised him, and then he deserted me. I see. And the woman back at the hotel in Algiers. All she was interested in was money, too. Well, I don't know what your angle is, but you can beat it.  I've been taken through the last time. Well, perhaps the vultures who escaped my knife shall not be cheated out of their meal after all. In just a moment, the exciting conclusion of African Thanksgiving. Well, at least the rain has come, Bill.  Back home at this time of year, everything's golden, red and brown. Kids are cutting out jack-o'-lanterns and women are roasting turkeys. They can punk and prize. There's a holiday we call Thanksgiving, Tarzan. I was going to take Renee back to America for Thanksgiving.  I met her in Paris. I was an exchange student there, engineering. We fell in love, and I wanted to marry her, but I didn't have enough money to satisfy her parents. Oh, no, the way they figured it, she was going to marry a millionaire. Some oriental potentated senior at the store where she worked offered them a fortune for her. And they sold their own daughter? No, no, they didn't do that, but it convinced them more than ever that Renee had made a brilliant match. Maybe they should have sold her to that sheik-hazara. She'd have been better off. Sheik-hazara. When I graduated, I went back home. And six months ago, I had a chance to come to Africa on a job. And I'd be a little closer to Renee, so I took it. We corresponded regularly, and she wrote she was running away from home that she'd meet me in Algiers. What happened? My job was almost finished, but I couldn't leave until all the loose ends were tied up. I was a couple of days late in reaching Algiers, but the woman who ran the little hotel there where Renee was to go had promised to take care of her, and she didn't. I finally got the truth out of her, her part of it anyway. She'd made up some far-fetched story about having received a message from me, and she convinced Renee that I wanted her to meet me in the interior. Why did you do that? Someone had paid her to do it. I couldn't force her to tell me who it was, but she admitted Renee had hired some Arab guides to lead her to me in the jungle. It's the last it was ever seen of her. I've been searching for her ever since.  I also saved Renee's life, and she treated me as though I were a leper. But regardless of whether you want my help or not, you're going to get it. If it's within my power, the two of you will have a reason for thanksgiving. That's the inn just ahead. It's obviously deserted. Said there was a huge caravan stopping there. She-Cazara said they would remain here for several days, but they could have changed their plan, I suppose. Now the whole story's fantastic. A remote inn transformed into a potentate's palace. I didn't say exactly that. I said that the interior had been decorated with rich fabrics and costly ornaments. It must have taken weeks of preparation to make the place ready for the coming of this desert ruler. Innkeeper! Innkeeper! Ah, there's no one here. There is someone here. I can catch the scent of man. Yes? It is Tarzan, innkeeper. Tarzan? I know no one by that name. You- But I was here last night.    Come inside with me, Bill. Get out of the way, innkeeper. What? Rich fabrics and costly ornaments. Places dusty and unkept. Innkeeper, what happened to the trappings that hung here last night? Trappings? I believe you have lost your reason, young man. Where is Sheik Hassanin Hezara and his followers? And where is the French girl? You speak in the most amazing riddles. I know of no Sheik or of any French girl. Certainly you must have confused my inn- I apologize, Tarzan. She was here. What? Yes, innkeeper. You may have sprinkled dust around and you may have erased all the other signs of your recent visitors, but I found this in the corner over there. A shoe. One of Rene's shoes. Our friend here must have overlooked it. I know it's hers. It's a French make, and it's her size. She has tiny feet. Not another girl in a thousand could get this shoe on. Now deny my story, innkeeper. I... I only lied in order to save the young man greater sorrow. What do you mean? Just after you left Tarzan, the girl grasped a flagon of poison and drank deep. No! She was buried early this morning in the graveyard at the edge of the city. The cough's getting worse, Bill. You should have found shelter. Not until I visited her grave. A damp graveyard is certainly a poor place for a man with a cough. It's certainly a desolate place at night. It's all my fault. If she'd never left France, she wouldn't be lying in this miserable cemetery. If I'd written to her to wait... Shh! There's someone over there. You! You! Why are you digging in the rain? And at night? When someone dies at this time of the year, the Sapilka must be completed before the rains come too heavy. I was packing the earth firmly about this grave that was filled but this morning. Frené's grave? I know not the occupant of this final resting place. Save that she was a young French girl who traveled in an Arab's caravan. The caravan has left. But not before you were well-paid to heap heavy rocks on the grave and pour cement between the cracks. He told you he was just trying to make sure the rains wouldn't... Hold on to him, Bill! He may regain consciousness soon. I didn't hit him hard. Why did you hit him at all? Because he isn't a grave digger any more than you are. He's one of Hazara's men and he was attempting to make sure no one would ever open that grave. What are you doing? I'm digging up the coffin and I'm reasonably certain we'll find it empty. Frené may be alive, but I think we've lost their trail now. No, Bill, we haven't. The signs are even clearer now that we're beyond the rain belt. I haven't seen any signs, even the ones you tried to point out to me. Well, they covered that trail fairly well. Hazara hoped the story of Frené's death would discourage us, but he wasn't depending on it completely.  Ah, I couldn't eat. How do you feel? Better than I thought I would after sleeping in that wet treetop.  If only I could find Frené. I'd take her to America so fast you wouldn't even have time to catch her breath. I don't think we'd ever leave the good old USA again. But first to find her. Yeah, it looks so hopeless. How can we hope to catch them when they're on horseback? Well, they too are traveling by foot now. Their horses were laying by the time they reached the last pass. You could tell by the uneven depth of the hoof marks. You could tell. I couldn't tell a thing. All I know is that if I ever come face to face with Hazara... You will be face to face with him and soon. And Bill, you must not show your hatred. You must act as I advised. You must pray that Frené is smart enough to catch on. If she makes one sign of recognition, it will mean the end for both of you. Looks like quite a celebration. These native cities are always holding pageants and parades and dances meant to please their gods. What if their chief will agree to our part in the ceremony? I guess you know what you're doing. But I'd like to go right to Hazara's camp and just... Oh, do you know why Hazara made camp on the edge of the city? No. Because his horses can no longer carry their burden. If he's to reach his own land, he must have camels. And the natives won't be willing to sell them for any price until their celebration is over. Yeah, but in the meantime...  I'm going to make a call on Sheik Hazara. Rene, I must speak to some local witch doctor who has just arrived. You had best retire into the quarters of the women. All right. I will go. Only I do not see... Greetings, Sheik of Great Desert. My humble greetings to you. Rene, I told you to go. No. Woman is to stay. You in my city. So I give orders. As you say, witch doctor. Why have you come? Today is great celebration in our village. Yes, I know that. Your chief told me that... That we not sell you camels until parade through city over. Yes, that was his decision. But now, new decision made. Since you and your camp are within limits of city, one your party must join in parade to gods. I shall be most happy to... This woman, she is great beauty. She please our gods. She ride camel at my side. I have spoken. Rene, it is best to humor these native leaders. You'll have to do what he says. All right, I am ready to come with you. Witch doctor. Good. Camels tethered before entrance of bit. Come with me. Goodbye, Sheik Hazara. All right, Bill, Rene. We're far enough from the Sheik and his men now. Ho, ho, they're ho. Hey, I'm almost able to manage a camel now. Oh, you were wonderful, witch doctor, Bill. It was a fine performance. Well, it's time to remove your makeup now. We'll leave these camels here and take to the jungle. I guarantee that the Sheik will not be able to follow our trail. It'll be three or four days until the natives sell him camels. And by that time, you'll be on your way to America. America? Gee, I wonder what my friends back home would have said if they could have seen me dressed like that native witch doctor. And riding at the head of that fantastic parade. Oh. The parade was part of a week's feasting to honor the gods of the fields. Grain is thrown upon the ground and the belief that some of the earth's yield must be returned to it or otherwise it will become barren. The celebration is held at each harvest time. Oh, sort of a Thanksgiving ritual. Hi. Thanksgiving. Hey, it's Thanksgiving today. What is this Thanksgiving? That's a holiday you'll find out about in America, Rene. We'll be too late for the turkey and the pumpkin pie this year. We still have a lot to be thankful for. And number one on the list is having met Tarzan. In just a moment, we'll return with a preview of our next story of Tarzan. During the past 10 years, the price of museum specimens has doubled and trebled. Today, an African elephant is worth $6,000. A giraffe brings $4,000, a hippopotamus $5,000, and a white rhinoceros $15,000. Tarzan attempts to halt the plundering of the jungle by an unscrupulous murderer. And he encounters Hunter's Fury, which is the title of our next story. Tarzan, the transcribed creation of the famous Edgar Rice Burroughs, is produced by Walter White Jr., prepared for radio by Bud Lesser, with original music by Albert Glasser. This is a Commodore production.


We have quite the development ladies and gentlemen you guys know me by this point right you don't know me Hi, my name is agent zero subscribe to the channel put on post notifications Also updating the store real soon to get your agent range tease all the teas are gonna be gone real soon Link in the description. Why do I feel like Jake Paul every time I talk about merch? I've been asking for a skills gap on 2k for as long as I can remember and in previous years like 2k 17 They came out with articles talking about some skills matter And then you play the game and it's a six to speed boosts and sharpshooters ducking and dodging Hall of Fame brick wall screens The shooting was so so super easy in that game across the board. It just it was an easy game to pick up Boom in one week. I was the best player. I was a top tier top 1% player It really didn't take much to be good at that game 2k 18 was a lot of the same right blowbys and snacks Bags you really didn't have to put in much effort to get by somebody just use two cheesy moves And you can do it every single time 2k 19 comes out and all that is gone And there's a lot of people being exposed, right? That's what happens when a skills gap ladies and gentlemen believe it or not when you add a skills gap to a game the Frauds that got away in the previous systems because it was so easy get exposed and then the people that were bad in the previous system I won't even know how they fare because at that point like life is a spectrum, right? There's the top players then there's the worst players and somewhere mean you are in the middle But there's been a new development flawless put out this tweet and it was of people ducking and dodging They didn't want to play him because he was a high overall in a high rep on the park Ernie responded to that To he's saying people that complain about this are so dumb It's not a fault that 2k doesn't have a ranked part the closest thing is stage so go play that I don't want to play elite threes that have 1500 games and stay at home all day and play the game Stop crying about and they're both kind of right imagine being a very good player and because your overall is showing to everybody They could easily search up your record. They're not gonna want to play you They know they're gonna lose maybe they care about their record or maybe they just don't want to be embarrassed And maybe they just don't want to break a controller trying and then meanwhile you have to try hard players can't find any games because everybody's too Scared to play him. How do you win? So a lot of what I've been hearing is like maybe you can separate the parks and make it like skills based matchmaking So you can divide the good people and the bad people But can't I just have a bad friend and join through him and then annihilate do drop steps reverse windmills Like destroy everybody in that easy-ass part So if you play a game like Call of Duty or rainbow six, that's what some people do is to get gameplays They go on some earth accounts and just run through the easy ranks So what are you gonna do completely segregate them if you have a good win percentage? You can't play with the bad ones But what if I have a friend who has a good win percentage and I have a bad one also who decided to win percentage was the best Determinant of how good you are so you can go pretty damn deep into the rabbit hole trying to figure out a solution Until you come to the conclusion.  You are an entire one my guy So maybe that'll work Maybe if you hide the records and hide the overalls But that might hurt the incentive to someone wanting to grind right part of grinding showing like a streak on the park We're having a 95 overall one month into the game's launch is flexing to say like yo this what I accomplished I'm fantastic at the game for example in Uncharted and Rainbow Six You can't see the rank of your team or the other team until after the game Maybe they did it purposefully because they didn't want people dashboarding or quitting in ranked matches to avoid good Competition to keep their stats up They make it a point in both of those games to hide that stuff because if you start to show it to everybody Before and after the games. Yes, you're kind of flexing your muscles. Yeah, I'm a diamond player in this game I'm a diamond player in that game That's cool and all but then people aren't gonna want to play against you if I hop into a lobby in Rainbow Six And it's full diamond squad. I'm leaving. I don't even want to partake in that massacre Can you can you imagine these PC try-hards get a hold of me in a diamond lobby? Yo, it's over and that's how some of these people probably feel on 2k If I see a 95 overall and I play the game like I play the game casually, right? I never really got serious into the game I'm just trying to kick it with my guys. Why would I play that guy? There is no reason for me to play him now sure 2k can hide the overalls and the records and the streaks And I might get tricked into playing him Maybe he's not as good as I thought but then you can get frustrated playing any game to the point where you just begin Scouting everybody because whether you want to believe it or not 2k is an inherently unique game There's no real thing in the gaming industry like there is the neighborhood in 2k 19 But I think I have a solution one that works for most people So we just experienced the ruffles event for the first time yesterday And I only played a couple games of it because I woke up late and I wanted to get some gameplay But it looked pretty fun now. I heard I heard it was super laggy though We got to fix that 2k, but that's not the point The point is I feel like 2k already has everything they need to solve and fix this issue Try hards are having a tough time getting games and bad players most definitely aren't trying to play the try hearts So what do you do? Well you guys really you know the answer because if you play any other video game They all implemented of course in different ways depending on the game, but they all have a similar system now You heard me say it on the channel. I'm not no genius or some creative individual who thought of some fantastic idea I just play other games so I know what they do and what works the answer is ranked unranked the playground keep it the same The way it is right now unranked right you can kick it with your guys Relax play join this court get destroyed join that court win a couple games Whatever the case and exactly how they have the ruffles event this year You can make that the ranked part and that's matchmaking so you can relax with you guys on unranked playground Do whatever the fuck you want, but you can hop in ranked and then play people at your skill level if you want see There is a common misconception with people that don't play other types of games that when I'm talking about ranked unranked that you have to Be a fantastic overpowered try hard-ass player a comp player to play ranked in reality ranked makes most sense for the bad players Let's say that I'm a 73 overall player I don't really play that much and I'm trying to grind I hop into ranked and I get five placement matches and in those five Placement matches let's say I'm a bad player So I do horrible and they give me copper because the ranking system usually goes copper bronze silver gold Platinum and diamond for example and then at that point. I'm only playing copper players I might feel more comfortable as a super casual new player playing ranked because I'm gonna play against people Equally as garbage as me now.  What if you have basketball IQ, but you're just new to the game, right? So that's why you have options between the two it also makes sense for the try hard players But you can have ranked and unranking it really won't matter unless you have a real ranking system for the ranked playlist To get has a very preliminary version of that amateur one amateur to amateur three pro one two three Elite one two three, but you never know how close you are to the next one And I'm pretty sure it's impossible to go down. It's not a ranking system if you can only go up It literally does not make any sense if I lose enough games on Tekken I'm going down a rank and then I have to win even more games to go back up to where I was same goals The rainbow six same goes with uncharted same gold when I used to play so calm when I used to play so calm I'm being super serious if I lost three games. I was going down a rank I had to win around 15 to 20 games to go back up So I really had no room for error But that also meant that anytime somebody in a lobby saw my rank They knew I was a baller and that you really don't want to mess with me now in most ranking systems The biggest determinant factor by far is wins or losses to the point where when I play uncharted or rainbow six You can have the greatest game of your life my guy You could have dropped 17 kills in six rounds of Rainbow six and if you lost the game you were going down and rank That's just the way it is you have to win So that often means that this also goes for games like overwatch etc That sometimes you can get carried to good ranks if you're playing with good players That's not the point the point isn't how you have a fair ranking system That's for 2k to figure out but you can divide people in that way without actually Segregating them you give people options So now the casual players have an option to play with other casual players or just shoot this shot and relax in unranked On top of that if you do my proposed solution There's no real significance to your unranked playground record anymore And so people will be people will stop being so afraid of playing these really good players or playing with really bad players on Their team because they're worried what it's gonna mean for their record because the reality of the situation is if you have a bad Record it's gonna be tough to convince somebody to play with you now Honestly, I don't have to deal with that issue because I have the YouTube logo on my head and my face Scan is super realistic and people hear my voice and they know my username and so I'll be playing I can literally walk in any park and I could play with the best player 99% of the time They'll be like all right, even if they have a squad They will literally leave their squad to play with me and then I'm sitting awkwardly in the call Like I'm just not ruining a friendship or something like that, but obviously not everybody has it like that So if you walk in you have nobody to play with but you're playing unranked You don't really care if you lose I could lose a million unranked games in a row on any game And I literally would not care it's unranked it is literally warm up for rank for me now Keep mine again 2k is a unique game, so you don't know how it's gonna play out. That's all I'm saying ladies and gentlemen I've been saying it for a while and ruffles. They literally have everything they need ruffles You walk in there you stand there with your team all for you guys look up like this And then you match make and you play a game and your ruffles record is separate from your real record So if you play 15 ruffles games and you win five of them you were five and ten So I was playing a couple games I just thought to myself like can you imagine if instead of calling this thing ruffles and having this whole event They made it 3v3 and they just called it ranked part and they had leaderboards and and stats that they measured up So you can see how good you are compared to the next guy and they had weekly or monthly events and tournaments Can you imagine can just that's just the fucking start Can you imagine how far they can take it and then it also gives them an opportunity to do private matchmaking Where you can walk into that ruffles style arena and then send a key out to somebody else or invite them to your party Whatever the cases and match make privately so you won't have to worry about well What I have to worry about is people taking the squad spot and how do you get a park all the perks are full We have to beat this team and we'll play you guys next. We'll have to worry about none of that I think it's not necessarily a perfect solution But it's as good as you can possibly get because no matter what you change about the game Whether you hide the records or you hide the streaks or you hide overalls whether you want to segregate the different parks So bad players play and but you don't have ranked on or you just want to segregate for the sake of Someone's gonna be mad about all the possible solutions It's gonna be some sort of anger some sort of resentment because people like the playground believe it or not It's the most played game order anytime you want to make a change to it You're risking taking away what people loved about it. It's what fortnight did to me I loved a lot of things about the game and the more they changed it and changed it for the sake of They started to take away the shit I liked about the game and of course they give you new reasons with all those changes But I really miss double pumping guys in the head and not having to worry about an insane delay or now You can't one shot with the double pump anymore and now I'm not playing for like no more I think this solution is a lot better than what we're seeing right now And it's people like flawless putting out tweets saying stop being a play better people and get better bump or Swante saying ha ha ha ha ha Fear is an illusion wake up.   I've played growing up If you guys enjoy the video drop a like click on one of these two videos I know you missed one of them and if you don't click on it, you're just lying to me So don't do that. I'm gonna catch you guys in the next one. I'm out. Peace