What's going on everybody? Got Kyle here relating sports cards and we are ripping. This one is 2023 Stadium Club, eight box half case. Number nine, this one is pick your team style. I have Alexandra C. Rates, Brooks E. with the Padres, Charles F. has the Cubs and Marlins, Don B. has the Tigers, Derek R. has the Orioles, Scott Edward P. with the Dodgers, Jimmy H. has Phillies, Jordan W. Metz, Kevin F. has Yankees, Masinori M. has the Angels, Matthew M. has the Astros, Matthew N. has White Sox, Reds and Twins, Michael B. with the Giants, Michael K. has D-Backs, Patrick B. Pirates, Raymond R. with the Braves, Ruben Y. has the Guardians, Robert P. has the Red Sox, Roland R. has the Brewers and the A's. We've got Russell with the Royals, Sean B. has the Rangers, Shaq H. has the Cardinals, Shinsuke has the Blue Jays, Starbuck with the Nationals, Tyler P. has the Rockies, and Yuki H. has the Mariners. Alrighty, alrighty, good luck on this one, guys. Thank you, Chris M. taking the Cubs, and Rick taking a couple of Personals. I think we're full on Personals tonight, guys. We are, we have a good bit in the queue right now. I think we're going to be pretty close. Appreciate everybody grabbing spots. Again, guys, just one more half case of Stadium Club coming up next, just the Brewers and the Rays in that one. The next half case. Alright. It's a Golden Thursday, Vaughn. He's going to be around. He's going to be around. Forty-ish things already too high. Come on. Here's a Freddy Freeman on the Jumbo Box Topper. Ithaca and Golden Thursdays, man. It's a classic combo. It's a classic combo. Red Foil, Christian Yelly, and Otto is going to be Will Benson. Start us off on the Rookie Auto Reds. Will Benson, Nick Prado, and Chris Salem. Ithaca's here, Sean. Yo. Yo. Here's a Gunner Rookie, Gunna Henderson, and a Chief Fantasy Pro's Shohei. Josh Gibson. What do we eat? What's our main thing we're looking at tonight, Ithaca? Dale Murphy, Red Foil. I know you got, I know you got one in mind. J. Ramel Tuve. Here's Yachty, Black Foil, and Black Foil Willie Mays right behind it. Mount Castle, Garrett Mitchell. Mods get these too.  Chrissy Matheson. There's a Red Foil of Spencer Torpelson. Cal Ripken. You guys just the Brewers and Rays left in the next one. Get another half case going. You might take in the Red Sox in Chrome Black, and Evan taking a team in Bowman's Best Football. Virtuous of Velocity is O'Neill Cruz. I was looking at it yesterday. He's got 121.4 with his top X of Velocity. He had like three of the top five someone said last year. O'Neill Cruz. He hammers the ball. Here's a Shea Langlairs on the goal. The goal meant a nice one there, only one per. That's a, whoa, Shea Langlairs before. That was a Francisco Lindore. Metz. Red Foil of Stephen Kwan. That was Metz, Francisco Lindore. Going Yard. That one is my trial on the Red Foil. Nice one there. Red Foil going Yard for the Angels. A few nice Angels today. Gold mints, it's Shohei the Sick. Nothing super cool or obscure. That is the Ethic Away, man. That is the Ethic Away, the cool and obscure. There's a Corbyn Carroll. Nice one there, Red Foil for the D-Backs. And a Rookie Otto of Jared Young for the Cubs. Cubby's there. Oh, we got a couple of, a couple of descriptors today. Foggy, Rainy Edwardsville. What's up, Mark? What are we doing, sir? Days like Sunday, silent, cold and gray. Rainy Edwardsville today, huh? There's a Rookie Groscians and Chief Fantasy Pro's Bobby Quit. Where are you? Bobby Quit. Just Raisin' Brew Crew next, next half of this case. BGO. There's a Joe Ryan, Negative Orange. Joe Ryan for the 20s. Brace to rank. There's a Chrome Eloi. Chrome Eloi. Don Mattingly on the Black Foil. Tony Gwynne and Vaughn Grissom. I don't play bebop. He's got a mobile. It's a mobile bebop. I don't play bebop. There's a Red Foil Brooks Robinson. I still have no idea what they're talking about when they say that. bebop? No one. No idea what that is. Oh, I was going to show you. No idea. It's riveting. There's a Virtuoso Veloci, Soto. Atchimpact. I bet. So exciting. Yeah, bebop sounds super exciting. Jones Stevenson. There's a Red Foil Marcus Simeon. Brian Reynolds. Not working for you, Mark. There's an Abbey, Mel Ott, and Triumvirates of Manny Machate on the die cut. I heard you were playing bebop. No, boy. Wow. But didn't you just get home, man? Come on. Box two. Go play with Ace. Well, yeah. There's a Rookie Box. Stopper. Nice one there. Jordan Walker. That's it, baby. Jordan Walker. Oh, yeah. Keeps the blink on. Box two. Blink rules. I agree. There's a Red Foil Rookie, Red Baby, and Spencer Steer. Another nice one there for the Reds. Spencer Steer on the base up for the Reds. Bobby Whits, JJ Blede. Get Peter taking a bowman's best spot. Tyler Freeman Rookie, and that'll be Dylan Cease, Chief Fantasy Bros. Jeter Downs. Yeah, there's a blue. That'll be Thurman Munson. That'll be number to 50. Light blue for the Yankees. Blue Thurman. There's Volpe Rookie and Austin Riley. Quite good. And on the Black Foil, we go Vargas. Yeah, it is. It's no buzz. It is. No, not at all. Wilson Gateros on the Red Foil. I see there's a, no buzz, dude. One of the hotels downtown has a big sign up on it, but that's like all I've seen about it. Really? Yeah, they have a big sign. Pro Bowl coming. That's crazy, dude. Say, Virtuosos of Velocity of Trouty. Yeah, right. I didn't even know that. They didn't just know that people don't care. They already know people don't like the Pro Bowl. Labor Torres, Dennis Eggersley, and a Edward Cabrera. Red Foil. Good end, Gossman. Spots feeling pretty quickly. Bowman Chrome Basketball and the Bowman's Best Football. Guys, we want to grab some spots. Hosea Bray, Ston Mattingly, and Spencer Steer Rookie. Red Foil, Kyle Tuck. And Otto is going to be for the Dodgers. Rookie Otto Michael Grove. 86K jumbo now. Might as well get it out of the way, to be honest. I thought he already got 86 and it's been less than that, hasn't it? No, I gave him it. I gave him it on Monday. Adley Rochman. I thought we gave him one last night. Must have been in one of the other. Oh, did you? I thought you did. Fancy you. You're done. Monday. Eloy and Darryl Fulton. Yesterday was definitely, you were definitely, definitely 86 and him yesterday. I don't know how he got back. I don't like it. Probably came in here and unbanned himself. Yeah. Mike Trout. There's a Red Foil. Taylor Ward. Otani and Ruiz. Spencer Strikeout. We got a Francisco Lindor on these, uh, Kroh. Gossman on the Black Foil. Zach Gallin. If only we were on channel two, Spencer. You could have, could have 86 them yourself. Say Lou Bob on the Red Foil. Dave Winfield and Ohapi. Baby Rookie. There's Virtuoso Velocity of Judge. Yeah, even had a judge beat by like five. That was a, a barrel speed, man. Exit Velocity. Thank you, Timothy. Take in a Bowman's Best. Pick your team and a Bowman's Best random team. Appreciate you, sir. There's a Refractor of Willie Mates. Nice one there on the Krohm. Krohm Refractor and a Raffy Devers Red Foil. Raffy Devers. Jordan Walker. And a Adley Rushman Rookie Triumvirate. Adley. Max Scherzer and Zach Wheeler. Alrighty guys, two boxes down at number nine. Keep on moving here. Box number three. I have the Brewers and I have the Rays left, guys, in the next one. Brewers and Rays. Hey, thank you, Snowball. Ohio State, let's go. The, the Ohio State. Can't forget. All right, guys, just the Brewers and the Rays. Let me match the price real quick from this one. Mark them down just a bit here. All right, guys, last two teams on sale. Brewers and Rays. Second half of this same case. Just opened it a minute ago. Second half of this case. Brewers and the Rays. Last two teams. And we'll do a Bowman's Best baseball case. There is Mo Rivera, another box topper for the Yankees. The Bowman's Best baseball bounty is at 1125 as well, guys. If we hit a Superfractor person with that team, we'll get $1,125 in break credit. It is up there right now, man. We need to hit one. Got to hit one this case. Happy bias. That's right. Oh man. That'll get Spencer going there. That man Jumbo. There's a Aeronola on the red. And Cal Stevenson, Rookie Otto Ace. Spencer versus Jumbo, a classic, classic rivalry. Come diggin. It is rivalry we can be in the A, so I'm digging that rivalry. Alex Burleson, there's a chief fantasy of Trey Turner, India, Chuck Blackman, Corbyn Carroll, Rookie, and then a red foil of Mark Strowman. Sam's boy now, Mark Strowman. Not the New York radio boy though. We know that. Sam has informed us of that. Black foil is Marcus Simeon, Lou Gehrig, and Thomas. No, fish and notto. They had to adjust because he put the wrong sport in there, so it was a random for football or baseball teams when it was a basketball break, but he went in and manually adjusted it. I'm not exactly sure where it showed up at Fish and Notto, but he manually adjusted it and fixed that a little bit later. There's a Adley Rushman rookie. I'm not exactly sure how they fixed it. There's a red Will Brennan. I think they were manually inserting the names after they ran a random. I believe that's what happened. Not 100% sure. I don't know if Jake knows if there's a way to see O'Neill Cruz. Virtuoso Velasi is Ohtani. George Brett and Randy. Starchel and there's Joe Musgrove on the red foil. Ethan Nandes, Kodai Senga. Rames. There's a red foil of Adley Rushman. Virtuosos of Velasi. Nice one there. Red foil insert. Randy Johnson and David Villar. No, yeah, they fixed the Fish and Notto. I'm just not sure exactly how I was in here setting up. Thank you, Robert, with the Brewers in the next one. Just the race. Just the race. And thank you, Nathan, taking Yukon. Yukon and Bowman Chrome Basketball. All right, guys. Just the race in the next half of this case. Red foil, Robin. Yeah. And Otto is going to be Bailey Falter. Rookie Otto there for the Phillies. Bailey Falter, Rookie Otto. Kershaw. Just the race. 19 bucks. 19 bucks for the half case. Jason Veratec and Chief Fantasy Pros Jay Ram. Oh, yeah, I'm not sure about that of Fish and Notto. Jumbo, you know anything about that? Frank Thomas. There is Brady Singer to 1.99 on the orange. That's one there. Royals. Numbered Brady Singer. Matt Wallner. And a Miguel Vargas on the Chrome Rookie. Black foil is Vladdy Jr. Hank Aaron Singer. Who's a red foil? Another Vulpie. Second one in this case. Red foil, Vulpie. Altuve. Coloss. There's Virtuoso's Velocity, J-Rod. Here, Mitchell. Just the race lap. Last half case of Stadium Club today. While the Chuck, a Ronzi Contreras, red foil. Johnny Bench. Yeah, sorry about that, Fish and Not. Didn't know the fix for the Cena on the replay. Say Gunner Henderson base rookie and triumvirates of Fernando Tatis. They should still make a Stadium Club Chrome. Yeah, yeah, there's just the Chrome inserts in this one, I believe. Should definitely still be a Stadium Club Chrome. At least I haven't heard anything otherwise. We still have a lot more, a lot more parallels and stuff for there on the Chrome. Here's a Rafi Devers on the Stadium Club Jumbo. Oh, they aren't? Oh really? No Chrome this year, never mind. Never mind, I guess just the Chrome inserts. Never mind. I did not know that. I did not know that. No. No, triple threads? No, we're riding. We're riding. Me and Forrest are riding. No triple threads. What? Thank you, Cole, taking the Brewers in Chrome Black. Triple threads are my favorite. One of my favorite every year, man. Here's a Joe Maurer, red foil. I was talking to him yesterday every week. Williams, there's a Virtuoso Velocity of Vado. He's got some speed too. Vado be hitting hard. Right, Vaughn? Oh man. I do not like that. I love triple threads, man. One of my favorites. Well, here's a Chrome. It's going to be a Juan Soto on the Purple Chrome. That is clean right there. That one is number to 75. That is clean. That's a really cool picture. Soto, that's Sam's boy now. It'll be for the Padres. And red foil of Bobby Whitt. Yeah, same Raymond. Same. One of my favorite baseball sets for sure. Kyle Stowers. And this will be a going yard insert. Paul Golden. Corey Hunser. Mark Simeon. No transcendent either. That's wild. Niki Julie, taking a couple of National Treasures Baseball spots. And Giovanni, taking a Almanac spot. Not a lot of spots left on Almanac guys. Saturday night with Sam and Jake. Get that going. There's a red foil. Jeter Downs. And that's going to be a Cody Thomas, Rookie Otto there for the eights. Sam's boys were done. Yeah, that's true. And Strowman. And Strowman. Yeah, that sounds about right, Vaughn. That sounds about right. Those three. Today, Judge Fantasy Pros. Nepalo at the four. Cracked Ice is exclusive. Oh, so they're only using the Sapphire parallel now for Sapphire. Interesting. Say Julio on the Chief Fantasy Pros, 250 for the Dodgers. Bobby Whitt, JJ Bledet. A Corbin Carroll, another one there on the black foil this time. Had a red foil earlier. Nice one there. And a black foil, Joe Morgan. I was about to say, don't these guys have some bebop to be playing? We got a lot of people here right now. We got an Ithaca, we got a Lane. That's a nice little Fortnite squad right there, to be honest. There's a Austin Riley red foil. Garbage. Ernie Banks. Mike Yaz, better than our Thursday night crew though. Us in a little skydiving. Virtuoso Velocity is Alvarez. What's up? These skydiving back in the bottom lobbies. It's true, it's true. I can't believe they were sweaty. No. Greg Maddox, Ben Intendi, and Tom Glavin. This is one of my favorite pictures next to the palm tree. Tom Glavin. Last year he had the, he was ice skating. Tom Glavin was, I don't know, what they're doing with Tom Glavin in these saving clubs. Yeah, right. They had him ice skating in last year. So I was like, what the heck? Random. Another Tom, Logan Webb, and a triumvirate of Peter Lanza for the Mets. They're crazy. It's the best Fortnite player. Oh boy. I think I did say Sean actually. I think I was part of that. Did you? I said Sean was the best. He's got the heart is what I said. Is it a Corey Singer on the red? He's got the heart. And a rookie Bryan servant. I'll be the first one through the door dude. Yeah, exactly, exactly. Sent me in. Jade might be the best, but you know Sean's got the heart. Got the heart. Sean's got the heart. Heart in the hustle. That's what we're looking for. Here's um, we're here at Dracula and a chief fantasy pros of Peter Lanza. Can you say it? Can you say out Dracula? No dude. RPC was here a second. I was just, I was just fan service for RPC. Thank you. Troy taking a spot in Bowman Chrome basketball. Max Meyer. There's Kim Griffey and a Red Full in Masataka. Nice rookie there.  What's up Bryan? Hey what's up Bryan? Appreciate that sir. What up? What up? Appreciate that man. My man. I will uh, accept that for everybody. The Layton Crew is uh, they do work hard. Layton Crew does work hard. There's Adley Rushman on the Chrome. Chrome rookie. Sorter, shippers, breakers. That's right. Won't ride you guys. That's right Larry. Halfway. Box five. That's right. Oh, did he get drafted in hockey? Is that why Jay plays? And that makes sense then. I always thought that was weird last year. The Glavin on the ice. I was like, what, what are we, what are we doing here? That does make sense if he was drafted in hockey though. Ooh, there's a Casus on the jumbo box topper. For Dodgers. Formerly Forrest in Shawn's boys. Yeah. Forrest in Shawn are now Dodgers fans. They are now Dodgers fans. Yeah, Damons and East All-Star is interesting there Vaughn. But it's not too many guards out playing them, I guess, in the East. Magic don't even have a guard. There's a Danesby Swanson, Redfoil. And a Redfoil, Dettmers. Hernandez, Kodai Senga. That's what I'm saying. Go Rays. For Dodgers. Virtuosos Velocity of Stanton. Randy Johnson, David VR. They only like winners. I can tell. I can tell. They only like winners. Jeff Bagwell and a Shohei. Future Dodger. The Redfoil. Current Dodger, I guess. Current. What's up, Daniel? How does the Leaf art of artwork? That's gonna, I don't know. I haven't looked at that one yet. Let me see. I do not know. Random hit style. So random hit style we'll do. We'll get all the cards out. Shawn will be typing in as we go. Get each hit into a spreadsheet and then we'll do a random at the end. We'll line up the names and the hits. So every person will get one hit and then we'll do a random at the end after everything's out. We'll get everything. We'll do a random and you'll be able to see which hit you got. Day going yard of Gunner. That's how we usually do random hit style. We'll have the top loader typing in as we go and then random at the end. 20 straight all stars for LeBron. Jeez. There's an exact gallon, Redfoil. Yes, sir. Yeah, one hit per spot. Ooh, there's a throwback auto. It's gonna be David Wright. Like that, holding the apple. Yeah, former captain for the Mets. Nice one there, David Wright. You go Mets. Like that picture of the apple. Yeah, I was thinking Cole might get traded at the beginning of the year. I don't know. We're on the CUNY achieved fantasy probes. Need to use them more if we're gonna re-sign them. Stays off the bench. There's a Miguel Cabrera, Redfoil. Yeah, I think LeBron's all right. I think he's pretty good. Let's go Mets. This is how that is, Kirsten. LGM. In Griffey, there's a Brennan and a Blackfoil. Eudarvish, Padres. Alec Minoa. He's all right. Yeah, I agree, Vaughn. I agree. He's all right. He's only 19. 19 all-star appearance is good, I think. 19 straight. A Redfoil, Xander Bogarts. Fellow, Zindrunas Algaskis collector. Forrest. I wouldn't mind a big Z card, to be honest. There's a Virtuosos, Yellich. That took me an hour to spell that name. Zindrunas Algaskis. He has some good games against the Magic. And it's the Alec Burleson on the Redfoil. Sja, Katie, Luka, and Yellich. Yeah, that's about right. That seems about right. Willie Stargil, Kate Cavalli, and Triumvirates of Austin Ryland. For the Brakes. Minoa, say Oscar. Thank you, Brian, taking a spot in the mixer. Bowling, Chrome Mew. And Troy, taking a Donner's basketball spot. Just one team left, guys. Just the race. Just the race. They are down 10 bucks. Down to 19 bucks. Joe Morgan, Redfoil. And Otto is going to be Rookie Otto, Bubba Thompson. For the Rangers. Bubba Thompson, Rookie Otto. Clarkton Wallner. Fantasy Pros, Chef G. He was. There's a Rogers Hornsby to $199 on the Orange. Rogers Hornsby. Davis, JP Crawford. Corbin Carroll, Rookie. There's a Corum of Corbin Barons. The Corbins. You saw that. Blackfoil is Darvin Monson. He was pacing a little bit. Didn't know what to do with his hands. Like a good body there. What happened to Yellowish? I don't know, Brian. I don't know. He had that crazy season a few years ago, man. He was going off. Right here. I don't know what happened. You have to check this one and let me know if this schemes you. Oh, did you send me a DM there? This is Jayrod. Jayrod on the jumbo. Oh, you talking about the, yeah, you talking about the leaf jumbo from last night, Larry. Redfoil, Albert Pujols. I forgot you got that one-on-one schemes last night. That's right. I forgot about that. Yeah, I'll take a look at it. I could take a look at it. I think it was the Orange Pulsar, I believe. Orange Pulsar one. There's a Gunner Henderson Rookie. Virtuous Velocity as Machado. Hank Aaron and Brady Singer. Yeah, that's true, Vaughn. I'm not a big fan of the All-Star game. Not looking forward to it usually. Ooh, there's a Rainbow Foil K. Cavalli. That one's the 25. Nice one there for the Nationals. I don't work. Nice Kade on the Rainbow Foil Board. Clean looking one there. 25. I like those foils. JP Crawford. I saw that too, Dallas. I saw the, uh, I saw, uh, WADB made some moves. There's David Hensley on the Redfoil. George Brett and Randy. Yeah, that's probably the more entertaining one. The basketball one, they just, like, Tatum last year. He's like, okay, I'm gonna score 60. I don't, I don't care about anybody else. Tatum said, I'm just gonna score 60. I'm gonna get the MVP. There's Bryson Stott on the Redfoil. And Rookie is Charles LeBlanc for Miami. Charles LeBlanc, Keith Hernandez, and Kodai Senga. Yeah, it's still a while away at least, Dallas. Still a while away. They might have, like, uh, maybe some sort of cheaper deal if you're just wanting WWE. I don't know. Bryce Harper, Chief Fantasy Pros. There's Randy Johnson and BR. It does seem to kind of alienate some fans, for sure, if, uh, you don't want to get Netflix. There's Tori Hunter, Redfoil. Burlander and Reese Hoskins. There's a George Brett on the Blackboarder. Cowboy George. Second half, number six. And guys, just the rays left in the next one. He's set an already taking the Royals in one of these. David taking a Phoenix spot, and Ken taking two spots and Bowman basketball. Appreciate you guys. Spots are moving down, moving down. Say Jeff Bagwell, Redfoil. And a Otto is going to be Eustinial DS. And it'll be Rookie Otto for the, um, Dodges. Dodges. Johnny Bench, Robbie, right? And a weight from Forrest. Yes, Forrest. Woodruff. There's a Brandon Nemo, Chief Fantasy Pros, Goldschmidt. Fisk and Crawford. Okay. I was telling Sean, I've seen the, uh, they have a, uh, they have a billboard. So that's getting me going, I guess. Brandon Rogers to, um, $1.99. I don't think I've seen anything else about it, though. That's all I'm saying for us. I can't believe it's here in Orlando. There's no juice. I mean, nobody knows this. It's like, it's, I don't know. It's, it doesn't seem, it doesn't seem like people are very excited about it. At least you'd want to promote it around here to get people to go, but that's not it. There's a Chrome Bryce Harper. Bryce Harper. I'll go. I mean, it's free. Oh yeah, if it's free. There's a Blackboarder, that one's Randy. Playoff, Randy there. Yeah, I'd go, I'd go for free.  Free and it was free beer. Yeah, they just gave me free.  Like Doddball and, Kevin Gosman, Honey Red Bull. Hello there. How we doing, Jase? Hello there. Going on my man. Yeah, it's like, I think they have like dodgeball and stuff too. Yeah, not, not too excited about that. Not too excited about that. Like an elementary school PE class. Pre-lame. Jordan Groeschans, there's an insert. Virtuosos of Velocity. Yeah, that's what I'm saying. BGO. What's up? Slap. Red Full, Spencer Steer. Hey, what's up, Slap? We could take a price and go to Alehouse instead. I'm down for Alehouse for the, if you're trying to hit it. For the Pro Bowl, I'm down. Think I'd rather go to Alehouse for that. There's a Trey Turner, Triumvirates. Let's go. Phillies. Mount Castle and Garrett Mitchell. When even is that? That'd be pretty soon, right? After the last, after next weekend, after the week before the Super Bowl. So next weekend. I know, Larry. I know, man. I've opened a few that aren't that way though, for sure. There's Aaron Judge on the box top, or Yankees. I'm happy about this box. This case has been nice. It's been treating me well. All facing the same direction. The last one we had a couple where it was the three turn one way, three turn the other, and then three turn back the other way. So that was not always fun to rip those. You gotta get some movement going. The oil rules, says Frank. Let's go. The oil rules. The oil rules. Say Redfoil, Ricky Henderson. Kenzie Gore. I almost stopped halfway through. I feel that, man. It's a little bit of turning and burning. There's a virtuosity of Buxton. This one is nice. This one's got them all facing the same. I dig it. Gotta keep an eye on the color up here, Larry. That's where the foil difference is. It's usually on Stadium Club. There's a Ken Griffey Redfoil. Bo Nailer. Gotta keep an eye out when ripping Stadium Club for sure. Jeter. There's a Max Meyer on the rookie red. And just the raised left. Just the raised. And Jumbo Diaz is here. That's convenient. Thank you, Scott. Taking the Texans and Phoenix. Phoenix release day tomorrow. I got some Phoenix football. There's a Jake DeGron Redfoil. And a rookie Otto is going to be Simeon Woods. Simeon Woods Richardson for the 20s. They are $10 off the original price as well, guys, for the race. 20 bucks for a half case. There's a variation throwback rookie of Gunnar Henderson. There we go on the 92 throwback. Very nice one there for the O's. Get a mag on that. That is clean. It's supposed to be around 200 copies of these, I believe. Or the 92 throwback. Or actually, no, 92 is supposed to have 92 copies of it. Nice one there. I like those throwbacks, man. We'll get a mag on that. That's that Jeter throwback. Very nice. Got a Chief Fantasy pros trout. Las Nubas. Pull some nice Gunners today, man. That ought to be a 25 in the last one, too. Some nice Gunners today. There's a red Brennan Rogers Redfoil. Prado and Chris Sayle. What's up, Josh? Hey, what's up, Joshua? How you doing today, my man? How's things? There's Andre Dawson. The Hawk there on the Black Fork. KB. Nice Gunner. Thank you, Larry, for taking a team in the mixer. Again, guys, just the race left in the next one. Just the race. Che Langlairs. There's a Redfoil Jimenez for the Guardians. Ricky Henderson. Salton Farshow. Velocity of Blue Bob. Jim Palmer. And Redfoil Ted Williams. Ted Williams. Josh Young, base rookie. David Wright. Bo Bischette. And that'll be triumvirates of Clayton Kershaw. Die Cut Dodges. Pagaro. Not Lee vs. Pedroia. Yeah, I'm about to say it. Not a terrible choice either way. Yeah, not a terrible choice. Dang, they're pretty close. That's what I'm saying, dude. Pretty dang close. There's a Miguel Vargas Redfoil. And Otto is going to be Michael Garcia. Rookie Otto there for the Royals. KC. There's Yogi Chillin'. Chillin' on the beach chair. Michael Massey, rookie guy. Ken Seiko, Mike Trout, fantasy. Chrome Otto is going to be Joey Votto. Number to 10. Nice one there, Royals, on the Rainbow. Rainbow Foil Otto. Nice one there. Some low numbers in this half case, man. 8 out of 10 on the Votto. Nice one there. No longer a red. Very nice. Foilboard Otto. And a Orange of Luis Severino. Rizzo Correa. Last pack in number seven. I don't think he's gone anywhere yet. Really? I don't think so. Has Votto signed anywhere, guys? I don't think so, right? I don't remember seeing anything about it. There's a Chrome Rookie of Libertor. I don't remember seeing anything. Black Foil, Luis Ortiz. And a Black Foil of Torkelson. I don't remember seeing anything about it. No, not yet, Vaughn. Gotcha. I wonder where he does go on that. He's still got some years left, I would think. Surprised the Reds didn't want to keep them, but... They're going a new direction. All right, guys. Just a race. 19 bucks. There is Tatis on the Jumbo. Jumbo box topper, Fernando. Good luck here, guys. The last box. Another half case coming. Same seal case. There's a Ben and Tendi Red Foil. And Otto is going to be Eggy Rosario. Rookie Otto for the Padres. Eggy Rosario. Sunny Gray. Fantasy Pros Verlander. Blake Snell. Stevenson. Red Foil, Edgar Martinez. As far as Kershaw goes, yeah, I'm not sure on Kershaw. Red Foil, Morrell. Probably will bring him back, I would think, though. Stop watching after... Yeah, that's when Sean became a fan. Sean became a Dodgers fan. I love the Dodgers. Thank you, John. Taking three spots in the bum and chrome random team. That's fair, Vaughn. That's fair. And Colonel Ossoon-Strand is good, man. He can hit. That's very fair. There's a Hideki Matsui on the Black Foil. Kerry Vaughn's there. Fake Kerry Vaughn's. And Don Mattingly, Red Foil. We're making some cakes. I'm down. There's a Virtuous Velocity Alonzo. I'm going to be saying that's why you can't keep snacks. Yeah, I don't have nothing. Bear. Buddy Scott came over here today. Is it good to meet you here? Allie Rushman. Take a look. Yeah, no, nothing. You can have whatever you want. Some spaghetti, maybe? JJ Bladetay, Red Foil. More water? More ranch. That's spaghetti, you know. Yeah, that's spaghetti still up there. Is it here? Yeah. Oh, God, dude. Mom's spaghetti. You got to get rid of that. You got to get rid of that spaghetti. He's going to walk out of there. Don't tell this Red Foil. Probably. It's just going to disappear. It's still there. Because I talked to you last. Yeah. This is refrigerated. Vera, it's in the refrigerator. It would be humming. There's a red Kirby Pucket. And Riley Green, Red Foil Rookie Tigers. And a Tiger's Auto of Jermaine Palacios. Multiple Tigers there. Mo Rivera and Josh Young. All right, guys. Last few packs. Justy, Ray's left in the next one. Guys, 19 bucks for the half case. Who the hell's Kerry Barnes? Kerry Carpenter. He's Mike Trout. He's one of the guys in this. But they have his card as Ryan Kreidler. He was like, Spencer was excited because Kerry Carpenter was getting cards. And they don't even have the wrong name on it. They have the wrong name on it. Ridiculous. There's a Teosca Hernandez on the negative orange. Fingers would be the one Spencer wanted. Right? I love it. I heard him say that. He's like, Kerry Barnes has an auto and a card. Ryan Kreidler is not even the right guy. Got him. CJ Abrams and A. David Wright on the curl. For the Mets. Oh, that's good. ATL Michael on the black full rookie. JD and Acunia. A few more packs. Hey, congrats to Kerry. Congrats to Kerry getting engaged. Dennis Eckersley and Red Full Maddox. Vulpie. That's a good question. That's a good question because I wouldn't think Kerry would sign a card that says Ryan Kreidler on it. Sure. When he got to me, he was like, what's going on here? The Virtuous Velocity Acunia. They were like, oh. Miguel Vargas, Contreras. Maybe he just has the base. Maybe he didn't sign them. That's what I was going to say. Yeah, maybe he didn't sign them. They probably pulled all that stuff out. Maybe he just has the base. There's a Chipper Jones, a throwback refractor there on the chrome. Nice Chipper. That is a old Chipper. His rookie year Chipper. And that is to, or a Logan wetbread foil. Really? That's a lot of really. It was. Oh, hurdles. Okay. They wanted more control. Yeah, probably. That's probably what it was when a little bit more controlled and they were trying to give out.  Yeah, fair. And on the back, we have Michael Harris, Ricky Trambritz. I did. Barrios and Contreras. All righty, all righty, guys. That will do it. That will do it for Stadium Club, half case number nine. PYT style. We'll do a quick hit recap and just a raise. Never mind. Mr. John, grab him. Thank you, John. Oh, John. Grabbing the raise and the Padres and Crohn Black. All right. We'll get the next half going right after. Kind of base out of Jermaine Palacios. Eggy Rosario. There's Joey Vito to 10. That's when their reds on the foil board auto. Got Michael Garcia, rookie autos. Simeon Woods twins. There's Yusnel Diaz. Charles LeBlanc. Got Bubba Thompson. David Wright. Brian Servin. Cody Thomas. Got Bailey Falter. Cal Stevenson. Michael Grove. Spencer Steer for the Reds. Got a Jared Young Cubs auto and Will Benson also for the Reds.  The 92 variation. Stadium Club throwback. Nice one there for the Ops. All righty, all righty, guys. That'll do it for half case number nine. Give me just a minute. We'll get number 10 set up.


it is not coming here ok. In this session, we discuss about CVD reactions. What is meant by chemical vapour deposition? In this particular process, some of the gaseous reactants are admitted into a reactor and they are thermally activated and near the substrate surface or on the substrate surface a chemical reaction takes place leading to deposition of a solid material and a reaction product which is gaseous in nature. It means we have two gaseous reactants and under certain condition of temperature and pressure in the CVD reactor, we are going to have one C plus D and this C is deposited as a solid and this is actually the coating and the gaseous phase which is actually the reaction product, this is leaving the reactor. So, this is basically a chemical vapour deposition process. Now, here we see what we see that this is a CVD reactor schematically shown, this is the location of the substrate and the gaseous reactants which are admitted into this reactor in a very controlled manner, they are coming in the vicinity of the substrate and the necessary reaction takes place over the surface and as a result of that a solid phase is deposited and as an outcome of this reaction, we have this by product which should leave this reactor that is what we have shown here. Now, this application of CVD that means this chemical vapour deposition, we have various applications that means it can be directly used just like a coating on a substrate the way we see it, it is the substrate on which a coating can be deposited which has some functional task. Then it can be also used for producing coated particle that means there are certain particle and which can be also coated by this CVD process, this coating material can be also covered, it can also cover this coated particle. It can be also used for making free standing part that means on a substrate we can have a coating a metal thick layer which can be deposited by CVD and later this substrate can be disposed just keeping this as the coating material and that is actually the material for engineering use. CVD can be also used for making the powder, here we see that this coating it is a solid material solid layer, but this material can be also converted in the form of dust or powder and it can have various application. Also instead of a cover coverage or having some dust, one single crystal can be also grown and it can be also used in various application. A filament say for example, a tungsten filament can be also made by this process, it can be as an extension of this CVD process we can also use it for making fiber or whisker. Now important things are the process parameters to have proper control on the process, final composition of this product, this coating its structure and all the functional properties there must be close control or some process parameters. And these parameters are namely composition of the reactant gas mixture in what ratio they are admitted in the reactor. Then comes the flow rate of this reactant gas, it can be so many liters per minute or SCCM standard cubic centimeter per minute. Then the process pressure inside the CVD chamber we have to also control the process it can be atmospheric, it can be also atmospheric ranging from very low to very medium or high. More importantly we see here temperature of the substrate, because it is the goal of this process to have this reaction on the surface. That means, this A plus B which is actually converted into C plus D, D goes out leaves the reactor as the reaction gaseous product, but D has to be deposited and this D means here the temperature of the substrate is extremely important otherwise this synthesis may not take place on the substrate. Then one thing also we should consider that means this is the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate surface, because we have to know that this is going to be this substrate surface this is going to be the receptor surface. So, naturally here physical compatibility and chemical compatibility to this two are the requirement to have proper deposition that means, sticking of this reacting species over this surface. So, that necessary reaction can be initiated here we try to understand the various reaction zones in a CVD process. What we see this is actually the substrate over that coating is gradually growing and this is the main gas flow which is admitted, but from this fluid mechanics point of view there had to be a stagnant boundary layer which does not move which does rather stick to this. Now, at the very initial phase of substrate this stagnation occurs at this substrate surface and once this coating grows then this boundary layer moves up and it now keeps the contact with the coating. So, what happens here we find that reaction zone that means this is the reaction zone one that means in the boundary layer within the boundary layer there we can have some reaction. Then this is the reaction zone two that is the phase boundary between the stagnation layer and the solid phase coating. Then we have the interface the interface between the coating and the substrate and then this is the zone five that is the substrate as a whole. Now, zone one and the main gas stream here we can see if we have certain favorable condition that means in this zone and in the main gas flow what is going to happen we may have homogeneous reaction and nucleation in vapour phase and that may lead to flaky and non-adherent coating which is most undesirable in any CVD process when we like to have a well adherent functional coating. Then we arrive at this zone two much expected heterogeneous reaction that means here either it is between this vapour phase and the solid surface of the substrate or once the coating grows it is between the coating and this stagnant boundary layer that means the vapour phase and the coating that that contact layer. So, here we want the much expected heterogeneous reaction and this actually governs the growth rate of coating and properties of the coating. We have zone three four five where various solid phase reaction may take place and this can be phase transformation precipitation recrystallization and grain growth that means if we get back to this figure we have this three four five this is the solid phase and here we can expect this reaction in the solid phase. Now we should put our concentration in zone four this is actually the diffusion zone this is the diffusion zone between three and five and this is actually the interface between the coating and the substrate. This diffusion is extremely important and it must be it must take place in a very controlled manner so that we can have transportation of this material across the coating and the substrate, but at the same time not to promote a very severe very severe diffusion leading to a very very thick diffusion layer which may have different characteristics with respect to coating as well as with respect to the substrate. So, that thick layer formation that required to be avoided. Now we go to this section classification of the CVD reaction. Now there are various types of CVD reaction, but ultimately which one should be utilized that depends upon the ultimate end product what we like to have and also availability of the reactant in what form it is available most in I mean intelligent way to would be to find out the reactant which are available as commercial product and then the temperature of the reaction which we can allow because it depends upon the selection of the substrate or say physics and chemistry of the substrate. So, this temperature of the CVD reaction that is also restricted considering the substrate material. We go to this first one thermal decomposition reaction. This reaction can be illustrated by this general form where M is the metal part of this compound and X that is non-metal it can be one halogen or it can be one hydride that means it is hydrogen and when we simply raise the temperature of this one in the vapor phase and under a certain condition of pressure it is expected that there will be a separation of this metal from this non-metal part and this will be deposited on the coating as a solid phase and this is going to leave the reactor. So, here as we have said this is the gaseous compound which we can have as a commercial product and which can be evaporated to this near this substrate where this necessary reaction that will take place and this is going to leave the reactor. Now, this use of this thermal decomposition reaction results in relatively pure coating. So, this is one I mean one point of attraction where we have to use this process for getting this metal in the form of a deposit just by splitting that compound. We go to this various examples it is actually diborin which will be splitted into boron as solid and hydrogen this will leave the reactor. We may consider another example that means silicon deposition from silane it is also a hydrogen hydride. So, we can also split silicon as a deposit I mean releasing hydrogen. There is another compound called nickel carbonyl it is a low temperature decomposition is possible just at 200 it will split into nickel as a film and this CO in the form of gas. We can also see that methane can be also used for this civility if it is thermally excited activated we can have splitting of this hydrogen and carbon this carbon can be deposited and this can be used in many of the well established heat treatment process just like carburizing that means, enriching the surface of any material most likely it is still by carburizing process. This is reduction reaction now considering the chemical characteristics and requirement of pressure and temperature it may not be always possible to have this deposition of a material simply by thermal decomposition. And here we have to take help of hydrogen and hydrogen will do the necessary reduction of metal just splitting this halogen and come making a hydride of that halogen that means, in case of chlorine it could be a hydrogen chloride in case of iodine it can be hydrogen iodide and like this. So, here we feel see that this reduction that means, getting this metal in the form of a coating is possible by reduction of hydrogen and this is to leave the reactor. We can see those examples one of the very interesting CVD is most commonly used as getting a film or coating of tungsten and here this tungsten hexafluoride is commercially available at around 500 to 550 the reaction will be product favored and by this hydrogen it is possible to move this reaction in the forward direction releasing this tungsten and also for with the formation of hydrogen fluoride. Similarly, we have molybdenum pentachloride and this molybdenum pentachloride also can undergo this reduction process by this hydrogen and here it is hydrogen chloride which comes like the reaction product. Deposition of silicon from silicon tetrachloride that can be also utilized by this reduction of hydrogen. We can have another one boron chloride. So, we have numerous examples and all this whether it is tungsten, molybdenum, silicon or boron each has its own use just like a metal or it can interact with the substrate making one composite having the desired property to do the necessary function. So, these are the few examples of CVD reaction by hydrogen reduction. Now, we go to this exchange reaction. Exchange reaction is also known as displacement reaction in this case say this is one metal halide it can be a metal halide and we have one gas in the form it is E that is one element it is the gas gaseous phase and then there will be exchange of this position of x by E that means, E is displacing x and releasing x in the form of gas. So, this is called exchange reaction and we can use it in actual chemical vapour deposition just if we follow this following examples it is hydrogen sulphide this is in the form of E and zinc this is in this form. So, here also we can find that this metal is converted into zinc sulphide releasing hydrogen free. So, this is exchange of this position and this Z n taking up the position of hydrogen and hydrogen is set free it is in the form of gas. Similarly, replacement of chlorine by oxygen this is also possible that means, this chlorine is displaced by oxygen giving this oxide of tin and releasing chlorine. Instead of element E what we have considered so far one element E it participating in this exchange or displacement, but instead of the element one gaseous compound can also be very active and participate in this exchange reaction which is shown here by this general form A E is the gaseous reactant and M x which can donate this metal and it is going to be a combination of M E instead of just metal and this is going to be a compound having some interest in many engineering application and A x come in the form of a gas and which is the byproduct. So, here we can find out this example that tungsten hexafluoride which was reduced in the previous example by hydrogen reduction, but now it is both have been brought together this tungsten hexafluoride and hydrogen sulphide resulting in formation of tungsten disulfide and H F and this tungsten disulfide has numerous use in mechanical application in tribological application. We can take another consider another example titanium tetrachloride and in this case it is methane and they are also exchange of the position between chlorine and carbon. So, carbon is taking up this position and chlorine is actually occupying the position of carbon and we have here titanium carbide and the result is also the formation of hydrogen chloride. This is called disproportionation reaction. In this reaction what happens the compound which is thermally activated, but in this case what we see that we can have the metallic form, but at the same time this compound actually gain another state that means, its oxidation number can increase and decrease. Let us see this example M X where we can have this results in metallic M and now it is M X 2 formally it was just M X that means, 1 atom of oxygen. Now it is 2 atom of X 2 which can be a chloride which can be anything. Similarly, we can 3 see here it is M X so that means, this original M X can lead to this reaction or it can be this one or it can be even this one it depends upon the chemical properties of this material and also the bond strength of the reaction product. So, it can be just metallic M and M X 3 or it can be metallic M and M X 4. So, here we see it is T I C L 2 and T I C L 2 can be converted into metallic titanium plus titanium tetrachloride. So, it is a chloride higher chloride and this is a lower chloride it is T I C L 2 and this is T I C L 4. Similarly, we can also have deposition of silicon from silicon iodide. So, as it is excited it results in splitting silicon, but with the resulting silicon iodide which is having 4 atoms of iodine in combination with silicon. We have here coupled reaction coupled reaction means actually 2 reactions are combined it can be one exchange reaction it can be one reduction reaction or thermal decomposition 2 are combined to have one overall CVD reaction. Let us consider this example deposition chemical vapour deposition of aluminum oxide using titanium trachloride as the source material with help of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. So, here we see that overall reaction is as follows it is a L C L 3 C O 2 and hydrogen they put together. So, this is the reactant side and we can see what are the thing are going to form on the product side. We see that synthesis of aluminum oxide as a solid it will deposit in the form of the coating and with the formation of carbon monoxide reaction product H C L that is also a reaction product, but if we split it see in detail that reaction one is actually the reduction reaction that means, C O 2 plus H 2 O that become C O plus H 2 O. So, that is the reaction reduction reaction which takes place in the first step and now comes this vapour of this H 2 O that comes in contact with a L C L 3 and it is going to be a hydrolysis of a L C L 3 which results in formation of a L 2 O 3 and 6 H C L. So, in this case we finally, if we add them we get back to this original overall CVD reaction and here what we see a reduction reaction plus one exchange reaction that leads to overall reaction for CVD of aluminum oxide. Here we see that coating CVD reactions are used to deposit a coating of choice a coating with desired property a coating which is expected to function either mechanically or otherwise and here we find at least two types of coating which can be deposited by this CVD process. One we call as overlay coating exactly what does it mean in the overlay coating we find that all the resources material they actually supplied from the external agent that means, in this case of deposition of a metal carbide coating we have the metal halide and methane they are supplied. So, metal donor and carbon donor both are coming from some outside agent and then you have the necessary reaction with the formation of this MCC. So, best example would be that titanium tetrachloride gas and that means, this vapor plus methane gas which will lead to titanium carbide solid and H C L and this we call overlay coating that means, both of them are coming from some external source. Now, we come to this diffusion coating in diffusion coating the one of the component of the coating is supplied by the external agent. However, the substrates participate actively without this participation no fruitful coating can develop or grow. So, here we can give this example. So, this is MCX that means, this is the metal halide MC stands for the metal and it can be reduced by hydrogen leaving this MC and this will be released and this should escape that reaction zone. Now, this MC which will be reduced to MC and so, this is the thing which is actually arriving here and then we have MC from this source outside source and MS participates from this side and we have MC-MS combination and this is called a diffusion coating. So, then diffusion coating substrate participates the externally applied metal donor that participates and we have this a formation of MC-MS combination. Example we can have say boron chloride reduction releasing free boron and now this boron can go inside and then you have cross diffusion of iron making FeB plus Fe2B and this boride of iron has many mechanical properties which can be judicially used and this surface have some augmentation or improvement of property. We can consider another example where chlorine is chromium is reduced by hydrogen releasing chromium which will be deposited on the substrate and this is a still substrate and this is still substrate have iron and carbon. So, in this case carbon and iron they are sharing some of their lattice position and then we have a combined carbide of chromium iron in the form of Cr1 minus X and FeX7 C3. So, here chromium from the outside and iron from the substrate they combine together to form a complex carbide in this form. Now it comes to pseudo diffusion coating. So, in this case what we do first we start the process just like this one. So, the titanium can form titanium carbide by picking up carbon from graphite and later on this diffusion process can be switched over to overly coating process. So, at the beginning CH4 is not supplied, but in the later half CH4 is supplied and this becomes a overly process while the initiation is done by diffusion process. So, we have diffusion coating and overly coating. Now these are the source material mostly they are form in the they are available in the form of halide and this halide their thermodynamic property will dictate what should be the temperature, what should be the pressure at what condition we can have the metal removal metal coating or some compound of the metal which can be also used as a coating. So, selection of source material selection of source material means the decomposition should not take place before the this is evaporated. That means, in simple language decomposition temperature should be higher than that evaporation temperature because in most of the cases these are available in the form of liquid which needs evaporation. So, this evaporation point and decomposition point we should pay attention here. If it is so that decomposition is can occur at a lower temperature then naturally process pressure should be reduced to reduce the evaporation point and to make the decomposition temperature greater than evaporation. Normally this decomposition of reaction that is takes place well within 1200 and this is one of the temperature of technical interest while conducting the CVD. Now this comes the reaction rate in any CVD process or operation one would be interested in that what would be the reaction rate that means at what rate this if we have A plus B is equal to C plus D which comes in the form of coating and this is the gas escaping and this is also in the form of gas that means one would have immediate interest at what rate this conversion is taking place that rate and at the same time to what extent we can convert this A and B to C and D what proportion of A and B will be converted into C and D and at the same time what is the spontaneity of the reaction that means whether this reaction is product favored or not whether we can carry forward the reaction with some driving force. So, here to have this reaction in the forward direction what is immediately needful that means this is stated by the collision theory that the reacting molecules must have collision and they must have collision with sufficient energy and also this collision should not only take place with sufficient energy, but with correct orientation. So, we find there are some necessary condition and when we put all the necessary condition we get the sufficient condition for this reaction to occur and to reaction to move in the product direction. So, here we find this is collision frequency which is very important parameter and this collision frequency depends on the concentration of the reactants. Here we find that the temperature of where it is activated or the activation energy that has a big role to play if we see that this is a distribution of the energy of different molecules in the different energy level and this is more or less the fraction of the molecules having different level of energy. Now, these we have one shape of this distribution at a particular temperature T 1 and when we move to a higher temperature T 2 we can see that with the threshold point that means threshold energy necessary for this reaction to occur we can see that at this point we get a more large fraction of the molecules which are having that threshold energy that means we can say by activation through this rise of temperature we can also have more number of collisions. Now, this is actually the energy barrier that means for this reaction to happen A plus B plus C plus D which becomes A C plus B D. So, A B plus C D should become A C plus B D and to make it happen the whole thing has to be the whole thing it must attend this transition state and where this exchange will take place and finally it becomes the product. So, this is actually the activation energy when the reaction moves in the product direction. So, here we find that if we have low activation energy we have large number of molecules participating in that collision and we have a first reaction and if it is high requirement is high we have low which leads to slow reaction. This is molecular orientation unless we have this thing in the correct orientation then the requirement is not totally fulfilled. So, it is not only the question of threshold energy and collision, but at the same time correct orientation has to be also attained. So, this is one example what we see here say A no plus O 3 ozone and nitric oxide and that will become A no 2 plus O 2 this is possible when N of A no approaches one oxygen atom at end of this O 3 molecule. That means, this has to approach one of those which is situated at the end and then we have this activated complex and then we have this O 2 that means this O will be now attached to this A no making it A no 2 and this is O 2 which will be a stable state. If it does not happen that means, if it is the case that O 3 approaches the O from atom O 3 approaches that means, if O 3 approaches O atom then this reaction is not possible also. If A no approaches the central O atom of O 3 getting back if this N approaches the central atom then also that reaction will not take place that means, it has to approach one N atom. So, this is the illustration how this orientation comes into picture and it plays a very decisive role. So, finally, we find the rate of reaction is governed by activation energy, frequency of collision, temperature and correct orientation of collision. So, this is called Aronius equation where K is the reaction rate, A is the frequency factor and E A is the activation energy universal gas constant and this temperature at that point of activation. So, here A is significant in that this frequency factor related to the number of collisions and fraction of collisions with correct orientation. So, this actually tells us gives us the impression what is the level of collision and how many collision can take place with this correct orientation. And this part second part of this equation E into E minus E to the power E A by RT that is actually the significant number fraction showing that fraction of molecules having at least that threshold energy required for the reaction to occur. So, from this we can get a plot. So, from this plot either it is possible to calculate the activation energy from the rate constant or we can also calculate the rate constant if the activation energy are known. So, both are important information to make the thing happen and to take the reaction in the forward direction. Now, what we can find here that if we consider those principle and apply in a severe reaction just like a reduction reaction, we can often write this K as the reaction rate as dM dt that means, how much conversion either change in mass of product or change in mass of the reactant. And this is given by R into E to the power minus E A by RT into since these are gaseous phase we put this partial pressure in this case P M x y that means, partial pressure of this halide say for example, to the power A and partial pressure of hydrogen to the power B. So, this concentration of this reactants that will give us some indication that means, at what rate this reaction will proceed. So, these are already explained this notations. Now come one important diagram Ellingham diagram of CVD reaction and that give us a guidance how to choose the particular temperature for this CVD reaction. So, here we see that change in free energy is related to change in enthalpy and change in entropy by this equation. And for a standard state of one atmosphere we can put this super fix O here. So, this is a equation now neglecting the the effect of heat capacity this equation can be rewritten as a first step of approximation. Now, from this looking at from this thermodynamic table it will be possible to find out this G o t G 0 t is equal to in terms of this enthalpy of reaction and this change in entropy of that means, the entropy of reaction. So, this is one way of finding the assessing the value which is a function of temperature where this reaction is favored. Now here what we find that for a non standard state we can write that delta G t is equal to delta G 0 t o plus R t into L n q. In fact, what we can write here if we consider such kind of CVD reaction this is the stoichiometric coefficient of this gaseous reactant this is also gaseous reactant this is the coating that means, that is the solid phase and this is the byproduct of this reaction this is also gaseous phase. Then in terms of partial pressure we can write that this is going to P d to the power d divided by P a to the power a into P b to the power b. Now from this we get a clear indication that this is called equilibrium constant. So, equilibrium constant give us a clear idea that what is the whether the reaction is product favored or reaction is reactant favored. So, from this we can find out a particular condition where the value of k can be adjusted in favor of product that means, we can also write this k substituting they in the form of this relation P b to the power b that means, here we call it equilibrium constant and here we call this is as the reaction quotient this as the reaction quotient this we called as the equilibrium constant and this we call the reaction quotient. Now when this so, this is actually moving in this direction. So, unless it attains the equilibrium we express this conversion of this reactant to product by this term what we call reaction quotient and when equilibrium is reached then this q becomes equal to k. Now this relation we also write here what we have seen that delta G 0 reaction that is equal to actually delta H 0 reaction minus T delta H 0 reaction that means, in a CVD reaction this is the change in free energy this is the change in enthalpy of the reaction and this is the change in entropy of the reaction. Now to have the reaction in the product direction that means, product favored it should be always negative. So, this equilibrium constant this value of this equilibrium constant which we write as this is the reactant side and this is the product side we call it like this P d to the power d that is the index divided by P a to the power a into P b to the power b. Now here we find that the role of this partial pressure of the reactants and product this is number 1, number 2 that means, the partial pressure then comes the temperature and the pressure that means, the system pressure all this 3 can affect this value of k and it is obvious higher the value of k means more is the favorable reaction for the product formation that means, reaction will be more and more product favored higher the value of k. So, this value of k can be little bit disturbed and disturbance can be done just by adjusting the value of this P d P a or P b. Say for example, if we put more a that means, increasing the partial pressure of a then the reaction will this reaction will move in the forward direction. Similarly, if we have some arrangement for quick a escapement of this gaseous product from this reactor similarly, there will be short fall of this d that means, this partial pressure will fall similarly, it will adjust itself and reaction will also move in this direction. Similarly, this temperature temperature means when we have an endothermic reaction, endothermic reaction means if we have so, heat will be absorbed. So, if we increase the CVD temperature then also reaction will move in the forward direction. Now, pressure means here say a and b these are the a moles of a and b moles of b and this is d. So, if we find out the number of molecules of a and b which is actually transformed into d. So, if d is greater than a plus b that means, here you have certain increase in volume and in that case if we reduce the pressure increase in volume will be favored by a reduce of pressure and then the reaction will move in this direction. However, if it is contrary to that if d is less than a plus b that means, number of molecules is less in that case this reaction will be favored that means, it will move in the forward direction if we increase the pressure. So, this is the way this value of k can be also adjusted it is to the advantage of CVD reaction that means, to make the reaction more and more product favored that means, favorability towards product can be achieved by just adjusting this partial pressure by regulating the temperature and by regulating the total pressure inside the reactor. Now, comes spontaneity spontaneity of the reaction and this is decided by value of delta G 0 reaction and here what we find this is represented by this reaction minus T delta S reaction. Now, we can have illustration like this, this side we have temperature and this is delta G 0 this is plus and minus. Now, we can have four situations suppose this is one this is one exothermic reaction and in exothermic reaction always delta H reaction it is negative. Now, if this change of entropy is positive that means, this is negative and this is also negative. So, curve takes this form. So, all along throughout we have a negative delta G. So, the reaction is spontaneous, but it can be also like this we have this delta H that means, enthalpy of reaction is negative, but however for some reason delta S O that is positive. So, in that case reaction can be product flavor provided this whole I mean this enthalpy and this entropy their total effect should be negative and to have that it is obvious that temperature should be on this side that means, at a lower temperature we can have this reaction to move in the forward direction. If it is higher temperature then this side will be very positive and which can neutralize and the total delta 0 will be negative positive and the reaction cannot be product favored it will be reactant fred favored. So, this is for exothermic reaction when we have endothermic reaction it can be like this. So, here it is always absorbing the heat. So, here this delta H O reaction minus delta S O reaction which is equal to delta G 0 reaction this is the equation. Now, in this case this is already positive. Now, if we have this value which is positive in that case at a very high temperature we can have. So, when we have such situation in this case what we have that this is the actually the formation here delta H reaction is positive, but if we go to high temperature with entropy in that case we find that the combined effect of this enthalpy and entropy that is found out to be negative and the reaction goes in the forward direction. That means, for a endothermic reaction we can also have the reaction as product favored provided the reaction is the whole operation is conducted at a high temperature. So, that this part is negative and that neutralizes the positivity of delta H O and the whole effect will be negative and in that case the free energy of the reaction happens to be negative. So, we find in summary that this effect of low temperature on exothermic reaction to carry forward in the product direction and the influence of high temperature on this effect of delta G 0 that means, free energy of formation also to carry forward this reaction in the product direction. So, this is the Ellingham diagram which shows that the stability of metal halides with respect to the by product of this CVD reaction and here we find how to find out the temperature where actually this reaction is possible or feasible. So, finally, we come to this summary this summary is like this principle of chemical vapour deposition is mentioned application of CVD and various process parameters controlling the CVD are outlined. Various types of CVD reaction may be utilized. However, the selection depends on type of reactants available and the desired end product the influence of activation energy concentration of reactants reaction temperature collision frequency and orientation are also highlighted. The role of temperature concentration of reactants and that of product and pressure on equilibrium constant of CVD reaction is also seen one can also understand the change in free energy of a CVD reaction as an index of product favourability.


This is a talk about Ayatana indicators. Ayatana indicators is some upstream initiative that I've started and Before I actually go into technical details. It's going to be a really technical talk about indicators I want to show you what indicators actually are so so The indicators concept actually comes from the KDE people And they thought we have all these we have these zoo We have the zoo of applications actually dogging into some sort of a thing. That's called system tray and the system tray is Well here where people normally find the clock and the battery status Shutdown button stuff like that so and Quite a while ago like ten years maybe from now the KDE people actually thought maybe maybe let's have a uniform Layout for this. Let's do it So it looks let's do it in a way so it looks really really Being one thing and not being loads of different applications docked to the panel And when you click on one of those menus that that drop down from from the icons Like I do here With the with the recent concept that's in Debian except from the gnome desktop It's like one could be in gray the other one could be in a dark theme the next one could be With a different font so they all look similar depending on the implementation of the actual tool you are listing there Depending on what widget toolkit is used what the theming for this widget toolkit is used Sometimes you have a matching theming between Qt applications and gdk applications So the KDE people actually thought let's have some infrastructure in the panel that allows other people's to Incept the menu information that should be rendered But the desktop itself or the the panel actually renders this this menu and renders all the different like tick boxes sub menus, etc. So and then round 2007 2008 Something like that was initiated by you a canonical for Ubuntu to actually port this contact to gdk desktop based surfaces So this is a marty desktop and it's based now on gdk3. It was based on gdk2 formally It was derived from gnome2 which was also a gdk based desktop and They started actually releasing that I think with Ubuntu 10.04 So they had these nice icons and you can also go through that with a mouse Hang on. Let's move my mouse pointer outside of that. So it's really it's really one application I actually showing you several icons belonging to several applications and And it's all rendered the same so it looks actually really uniform Um So what happened to that it never appeared well It's sort of there was some initiative in deviant to actually have that appear you find my notes on gobby by the way How many marty users are here or desktop users actually? desktop so marty desktop Xfce gnome KDE Okay Unity i3 unity unity seven I suppose okay good. Goodbye So um, I have some if you if you have the gobby If you have the gobby document open, please visit these links I won't show all of them here because we have 20 minutes or 50 minutes maybe for the talk left and I can't show you all these examples of how this all happened in history, but I put all the references actually On the document and also I always for each chapter sort of I have a Notes section so you can put notes in there and actually let me know what you think about the stuff So that is the original spec document From the KDE world and it's like from 2004 2005. I can't remember really so that That that is a technical document that shows how it should work in three It was the white paper draft and from then on the people started actually developing that developing that for Plasma Which is KDE for so and then? The Ayatana name has been picked from a project at Canonica And it's the I a team or Ayatana project on launchpad That actually combines all the different efforts by in Ubuntu not by Canonica, but in Ubuntu to bring forth upstream software So in Ubuntu you have one initiative actually working on upstream code and then the other initiative is working on downstream packaging But you can't really differentiate so because it's done in a sorry, but it's done in a dirty way the split between upstream and Downstream is absolutely not clear anymore So you see patches in the downstream packages that appear in the distribution directly that actually should go in the upstream repos you find Upstream projects with release tar balls dating back to a years But in the in the distribution there is more recent software of that same thing so it's a bit of a mess and Also So let's go through the URLs first So for so there's this general Ayatana team page, which is quite informative the unity desktop unity 7 is also part of that Then there is there are quite some links actually that show you why it sketches describe the design describe the idea behind Ubuntu indicators, so that is the KDE indicators now in GDK and You might you might want to look at that there are also some screenshots, but it's basically what you see here In in my little desktop example So what is really nice to look at other sketches because there was some graphic designer that actually drew everything on paper before actually was Implemented so they are really really nice to look at and and and the why I'm actually spending time on that Which is my private time. I think the concept is great For all desktop except gnome because gnome has a different they do it differently now, so they had indicators for some time available But they superseded them by by their own concept, so that's fine But like for desktops like Marta, maybe also lxqd Xfce all these more like For us older people desktops, I'd say but not necessarily That is really cool concept And of course I'm talking about the GDK based desktops Can we have a mic hello, can we have a mic? Thank you Yeah, check your mates later, please I Mean the indicators did grow additional interface, and they are portable to Qt4 and Qt5 and QML But that support is now stalled again, but it's out there, so you could you so like Alex cute The LXD with Qt it can have indicators as well for example. Is there a plug-in for the panel? Yes, good Okay, so at the very end actually they it all comes back on on a couple of libraries shared libraries that you have to build your panel application against and the Application that should dock into the panel, so it's actually all there And and that's that's my reason for giving this talk I want to sort of bundle the efforts and you know bring people together and maybe if they're not in the room they watch this video and We get some feedback later on Okay, so that's the history Original target gnome grown version 2 then ported to unity 7 based on GDK 3 and then with what we are Seeing now the whole thing is about to be abandoned by canonical directly So there are community groups that continue maintenance of the unity 7 desktop Like a good cooperation partner Jeremy be bigger Be sure I would say in German So so he's he's really it's it's about getting unity 7 really to survive and having it as a non. Ubuntu centric desktop, hopefully at the end So I already said that canonical is a sufficient upstream for Debian quite often actually So for example, I was actually packaging I was I was doing I took over the lip D bus menu package And I said, okay, what what upstream shall I use for that? So I don't really like you know doing VCS packages from BCR because I don't know what branch to really use for that Etc. So I said well, I want the same version. That's an input Ubuntu So I use the table that I find in the unit Ubuntu archives pool So which is which is really suboptimal because then the Ubuntu maintainer said oh I copy the one that's in Debian So so it's actually a circular a thing I can't really tell when there's an option release because I look at what is in Ubuntu Which is the same which is in Debian? So it's that was a bad idea actually at that point But there's no better source Except the bzr, but which branch and who's maintaining that so? Yeah, so it's dodgy. It's dodgy really dodgy So and you can also tell all the packages actually that are not really optimal for being Pulled over to Debian because they use Debian source format one Which means you don't actually need an or a original table You can just build the source folder with the Debian folder inside And you can upload your package So it shows that this downstream upstream split is not clear at all at the moment in Ubuntu So, yeah, you find the outdated table releases on launchpad, which is really frustrating You don't have a you you always have the Debian folder in the upstream projects, which is also unclear then You you actually have an upstream repository with the Debian folder inside and Debian patches in that oh Wow, so Why not commit the stuff to the upstream code directly, but place patches into Debian patches So that's really I mean it's it was it's actually like what? that goes all the time like that so stopping to run now Another issue actually with upstream projects Initiated by canonical is on the one hand. They are great. Most of them are really was them not all but Some of them are really hey, that's good So there's a good concept behind that the the inner design is done really well the The code looks good And then there's a strategy change in Ubuntu and it gets dropped So if you if you build projects on top of that, you never know if you actually have to maintain the code yourself some time Which is a pity it's I mean it's it's good ideas coming up and In the past we have seen it several times Also with the unity greeter with which which is the login manager in Ubuntu and the remote logon Capabilities in the greeter so you can actually use unity greeter and log into free RDP So RDP servers or Citrix servers I think that was not finished that work, but the RDP server login worked so it was also dropped so And I know people that actually build up a business model on that So which is which is you know, I mean Good Okay, so there was in Debian. There is a PKG Ayatana project It's a project on Ali of and it's the Ayatana developers in real with a real name and they actually started looking at what is done in Ubuntu and back porting or porting that to Debian and So that effort started at some time and then it became habit in Ubuntu that you actually build upstream projects that depend on Gdk in Ubuntu, which has tons of patches and That it that these upstream project as you fail failed to build if they are not building against the gdk3 library in Ubuntu So that's not really usable on Debian either At that point, I guess the efforts with in Debian Came to a halt. I'm not quite sure I spoke to the people who were doing that and they said, oh, we are not interested anymore so it would be interesting actually if if there is if there is if there could be actually someone to actually pick up his former initiative and Say, okay, let's do it differently and then those ideas in Ubuntu having them in Debian is actually great So and what I did um, I Had it started with a customer that wanted this remote log-on capability in unity greeter, but forex to go servers. Thank you So I Worked on that and the patches never got upstream because There's not stream. Yeah at the end there is not stream There was a time when there was an upstream and they didn't get upstreamed so And and then I said, okay, there's no upstream that accepts my packages And the customer is a good friend of mine and he uses that in his business. Why not? Well, let's look at unity greeter how it actually works. So I actually forked it and Fixed the remote log-on stuff in there, but I didn't have the indicator icons because in unity greeter You also have these icons here. They look a bit differently and have a bit reduced of a bit of reduced functionality But they basically do the job Yeah, yeah So and then I said, okay, well, let's get those icons in there Which ended up in me actually forking all the lip indicator lip app indicator Indicator session indicator power indicator blah blah blah and strip all the Ubuntu centric code from that So it builds on Debian and it possibly also builds on Fedora and on up Susie if you want to So D. Ubuntu nice code. That's the You're not you're not on please switch your mic on good Is all of that in Debian now? It is in Debian experimental. Yes In experimental experimental. Yeah, so I can just think that to Ubuntu. No Why not because we need proper uploads and I did some more work upstream and then we need to do proper packages So one reason for me being here is actually asking you is that a good idea what I'm actually doing? So I mean I'm spending my time on that. So is that something that could be wanted in Debian and Well, also beyond Debian Or Ubuntu point of view Ideally I would want to drop the functionality that depends on the phone in some of the indicators like the URL dispatcher dependencies and So I want to remove all of those But I want to keep the indicators such that they do work on the Ubuntu Marta port and the Ubuntu Xfc port and etc And and for that I do need to pull indicators from somewhere Which do not have URL dispatch and all the phone dependencies, but they're just stock normal indicators Yeah, and ideally I would want to just force sync from Debian Because there's no more upstream and launch pad So if there's something I would take it show me your name take please so that we consider So what's your name? Dimitri. Oh, okay Nice to meet you good Yeah, so the basic idea behind behind Ayatana integrators is actually It's a fork and it's actually a namespace fork completely So it's not lip indicator anymore It's lip Ayatana indicator and actually can install the lip indicator and the Ayatana indicator just next to each other They don't share any file in common and that's actually the goal for all Subcomponents that actually belong to that So the idea is actually having that all in Debian making your work in Debian make and I'll Intend to actually file bug reports against all packages that That use lip indicator and lip app indicator and switch over with a patch to to the Ayatana indicators so and And the idea is actually that all people interested in indicators as well in Ubuntu as well as in Debian That they are in Fedora and where else it might spread that they actually come together in the upstream World of Ayatana indicators and that they actually just filed pull requests on get up in the upstream code and that we do Regular releases pull them into Debbie and pull them into Fedora and then have them You know nearly everywhere so that is the basic idea that I have and the reason for giving this talk is I don't want to Do it alone so I think I found someone who's interested in joining in If there are more out there, I'd be really happy to actually see you and and talk to you and receive mail from you so So to get in touch actually so source code is on get up And it's currently under the realm or the organization roof of the Arctic a project which might be not optimal So I'm very open to actually opening up an Ayatana project or on it Well, whatever the name is and and collect the stuff there so it doesn't have to be under that it's just it was an infrastructure we already had and We have nightly birds of the code already So it might also be just a good idea to leave it there Because because some workflows are already implemented and it would be quite a bunch of work to actually move that away To and migrated to some other namespace um so and and the the status quo actually is that all indicator related libraries now work on non-Ubuntu systems and I have ported the generic generic application indicator, which allows third-party applications to dock into the indicator area okay, and there is still some some of work to do and Basically You can contact me as Sunweaver, Debbie and org Sunweaver on IRC free note Or use the PKG Ayatana mailing list to get in touch Thanks for your attention