All right guys, we are here with the legend What up? Pokey rev it's poker rev by the way you you get rev formerly known as you get rev. He kind of retired from Yu-Gi-Oh It's kind of sad. Maybe we'll bring him back. Who knows? Yeah, I'm down to open up some Yu-Gi-Oh, okay We'll see what happens. We're going into top-deck games here in New Jersey one of the best rated like stores around So hopefully it's pretty epic. Hopefully they have Yu-Gi-Oh. I actually don't know what we're gonna find out right now Really nice. This place is huge Tour I'd be happy. Yeah tour sounds good Yeah Wow Oh, yeah, there we now we're all just cars. It's so tall to it's like 10 feet high We're times yeah, okay, 40 times Now we're talking baby right there 12 o'clock It's insane It's beautiful you love to see it All the good stuff and what is this instant collection? It's got a cool starter set That's pretty cool actually Dude you could have a collection. There's no instant Yu-Gi-Oh collection. This is why I'm jealous of Pokemon There's so many things to buy Yu-Gi-Oh. It's like there's a few things you just got to buy all of them Yeah, we got some legendary collection over there. I guess we're at top Wow, there's a lot of cards in here you see all these cards You have it based on me We should battle with them. What do you think? Let's do it. Let's have a battle. Okay This video is brought to you by manscaped.com the global men's lifestyle brand that's disrupting the beard market I've often been told to grow on my beard, but manscaped understands what most don't beards come in all shapes and sizes like mine And each type of beard can be perfected with manscaped new Revolutionary beard styling kit for the modern man. Here is the modern man Our forefathers would be so disappointed, but here's something our forefathers didn't have the new beard hedger pro kit by manscaped Let's check out the inside. There's some pretty amazing stuff. Oh There's tons of items inside like beard shampoo beard conditioner beard oil manscape beard balm a beard brush Scissors for any detail work around the edges a really nice wooden beard comb and most importantly the beard hedger pro Ready at a moment's notice go to manscape.com we get 20% off plus free shipping when used promo code ruckson at checkout growing a Magnificent beard as possible. Thanks to help from the manscaped beard hedger pro kit. Thanks again to manscaped for sponsoring this video We're currently recording a Pokemon pack battle for revs channel This man has three alternate art Pokemon I have pulled two foils by the way an alternate art Pokemon is like what like a Collector rare at least like that kind of hard to pull and I've pulled two foils at all bad for it I feel bad. I just don't even like so yeah, look. This is why you never delve into other TCG's We've learned that many different ways. This is another way. We've learned it. This is rough. We have got Everyone's favorite legendary collection 25th anniversary. We've got almost a whole display here We've got four mini boxes. We're gonna see who could pull better out of our two mini boxes. How are you feeling rev? I'm feeling good. I'm pulling all the blue eyes white dragons I'm gonna be giving away all six quarter century secret rares to one of you guys just like the video be subscribed turn on notifications Let me know down below who won me or the rev here. We go. Let's open this thing up. We have our promos We're not gonna look at the back because you know the God cards give it away if they're God cards They have the blue backs and all that stuff so you don't it'll spoil it So the way I like to do is dark crisis first least interesting we'll do you know There's a lot of good stuff, but dark crisis is probably the least interesting here. So we're gonna Take that out. I'm gonna do I think it's three from the back. I've opened so many of these I should probably know this we've got frozen soul. We're trying to get a Skill drain a sukiyomi in the rear slot. No, it didn't get it and now we're trying to get exodia necrosse Ooh the outstanding dog marin for all those dog fans out there. All right, so this place is pretty insane I mean there's been some like there's just insane stuff in this. It's such a big building too It's really cool spot. So hopefully we can pull something cool for him. We have electric snake We have ancient one of the deep forest lab with wall commencement dance. We've got manga right here in oh When an ultra rare Megamorph 1 in 12 for ultra rares nice not a bad start. That's a pretty good card right there Okay, now we get to the big ones. We got invasion of chaos You guys know what's inside here the chaos emperor dragon the d-mock the black luster soldier It's been a good start so far. We've already got an ultra rare. We have the fin rare This is recently been reprinted as a really nice meta card. We've got salvage We've got cursele stealth bird the sea serpent warrior of darkness and his battle prowess with taza the zapper and Oh a trap jammer super rare So for yukio the weird thing about these you do three from the back sometimes it's right Sometimes it's four from the back, but so you just do three to be safe, but there's an extra card So two foils for the rocks not bad. They're a servant. You know what's inside here? Let's test your knowledge There's a big one in here that you're forgetting oh my god the Jinzo The Jinzo. Yes, we have pulled the other day. I did legacy week. I pulled two Jinzo's out of 24 packs So a little crazy. So let's see if we can pull another one right here grab your mind. Oh, I think we got some here. Oh Super rare interesting interesting thing about these when there is a card behind it, you know, it's a Yeah, but sometimes they the foils are actually at the back So it's like inconsistent But when there is an extra card like the third to last as a rare It's all I think it's guaranteed from what I've learned that quality control, baby Yeah, very weird how that works. We have the roaring ocean snake battle raiders my favorite set Oh the cousin there you go cousin off good start up to your top tier. Yeah hanging out the pecanium off We've got protector of the throne We've got a musician king the amphibious bug rough the unhappy maiden With a grande moth and the cousin moth in the same pack. Oh, no foil, but hey double moths. Nice not bad guys Oh, baby. Here we go. Legend-blue. I think you know some of these in here, right?  Oh, oh, three cards left. Oh, no The left leg of the forbidden one four out of six. That's pretty unusual to get four. That's that's pretty tough So that's pretty nice But we didn't pull anything like out of this world like exodia is great But we didn't pull like a secret or anything So you still got a chance and then now we have our 25th anniversary secret We can find okay. We're not gonna spoil it because the back will spoil it A little bit of this like that. Okay, but you can see that shininess coming around So you always get the obelisk the slifer the wing dragon a raw So one of these is gonna be in quarter century form Which one do we want it to be probably the blue eyes white dragon? Let's see. Oh Obelisk the tormenter. It's probably my favorite one. That looks so cool. Yeah, it's it's a nice card I really do like this one. It's like the dole terminal style. Yeah a little bit Yeah, it's a lot like a starlight in some ways, but it has a different name there And then you got the stamp down there 25th anniversary. So that's a cool pretty sick cards gonna be more of those Well, they're pretty new so yeah, I bet you've opened a 2017 one like a game board. Yeah, these just came out a couple months ago Yeah, yeah, these look familiar, but it's like a smaller version. Yeah, the other ones are like a like a harder thing Like it's it's not plastic. I don't even know what it's made out of these are just boxes Yeah, you've definitely opened the older ones Yeah, they're very small compared to the Pokemon Yeah, okay, all right, let's go It's a little you got you know for your for Yeah, it's gonna be hard to beat that. That's really good It's not happy on this one. Okay. This was the last car. Well, sometimes you can't get foils is the last card Oh, okay, it's old you only know it only spoils it if you have a foil So it's like kind of good like it's not like it spoils it when you don't have a foil Yeah, because it could be the last card. Okay, so it's okay The only time you know is if you know you have a foil, which is like kind of good, you know So you don't like ruin it. Yeah, and then if you do ruin it's like, oh, I have a foil This is I'm happy anyway, and I'm not I don't think I'm beating you on this But we'll see maybe maybe we got we got two boxes here. There's a lot that could happen in this been lucky today But I don't know about you. Yeah, let's see.  He's like, okay bombardment beetle Okay, okay. All right. All right slow start, but hey, I had two packs without a foil too. So you just got to start here That's right, baby. Okay. You got what one ultra three supers. No, I got two ultras in two supers Yeah, and then I got the 25th anniversary. All right Give me something amazing here. Zebra Crackin Okay, okay Oh see See you can pull stuff good start good start Okay, that's a really good super rare from the Spell Roller. I got two in a roll, baby And the thing they change about these is these are the new style cards if you can tell yeah Yeah, so they have open the old box though because the old box of this had the old style cards Even though it was new obviously the time was it. Oh, no, we got some thin corners really bad time wizard is in metal Writer, so you will not be getting in this one They look very similar. Yeah, they're very easy to confuse based. They're both gray. I always confuse them I have always used the cards that are in this too Chop that. Oh, yeah Okay, I think I might have something. Oh We got the whale the work on mega fortress of darkness Okay, not bad.  All right. All right seven colored fish. Oh, yeah Ginzo number seven the original Ginzo Oh no, oh no, oh Another super song of the Thunder take it. All right.  We're pulling a lot of foils right now Yeah, it's a little bit better on the on these ones No, they're the same. They're actually pretty bad. I mean you can go over six on these pretty easily. So we're doing pretty good All right, all right, give me just a banger ultra right now Here we go. All right. Yeah, if you get a blue eyes wide dragon, you win blue eyes wide dragon, baby. Come on Come on kage mocha trial of night. I got that too. Yeah So keep this night The moon. Uh-oh. Uh-oh. Do we have anything? Oh flame manipulator. Hey, you got the double material for flame swordsman though All right, what'd you get would you get out of here? Oh, don't forget this Okay, yeah, yeah, so you don't spoil if it's a god card or not. All right. Here we go. Which will it be? Will it be the blue eyes? Oh the winged dragon of raw. We've almost got the entire god card set now. Oh, there's missing slifer Shiny cardboard looking good. I love all these look. All right. You got round one All right. I'm looking good round one good for me, but we got we got another round coming up Let's see what happens. All right second box. I did good first round second round It's time to pull like we pulled the ultras before we need a secret rare They turn it around right here to like I mean we don't want to turn it around because we did so well We want to keep it going. How about that dark crisis last time? I think that you were a dud so you can make up for it right here. You got to believe We've got the guardian elma Sakuritsu army. That's a good card. You've got dice re-roll. You've got the token really eternal rest. Oh, oh A judgment of a new man's secret rare Right as we asked about it No, this is probably the worst secret rare out of any of the packs that you can get But it is a secret rare. Hey, we'll take it. That is a foil.  You're killing it Okay We're showing up for our card game. Maybe let's go. I'm gonna say some of our videos There's a reason I'm the pokemon guy and there's a reason you're the Guy There is a reason okay the octobercer We've got the umiruka. I couldn't read that thing because my thumb is in the way. We have the mystic tomato Oh, okay. So we got a dot on spell rule. That's okay. Don't you worry Listen, you got a secret rare first pack invasion of chaos. We'll turn it around with the chaos emperor Dragon one two three Here we go We have sultigre Skull marked ladybug chaos greed oganian pain sand mirror earth. We've got smashing ground. We've got fuma And a monju of the 10,000 hands to get those ritual cards.  We did get a secret rare though fair of servant You know with the secret rare that we want We wouldn't complain about an imperial order either that would not be bad major riot Flying comic carry number two. We've got the drill bug gift of the niskal elf the cold wave spikebot thousand eyes idle mad sword beast and Oh a super rare noble min of cross out one of the best supers in the set So, uh, we're looking decent on this way two out of four honestly looking really good pretty good Pretty good battle raising. I'll be I'm gonna be first.  Hey same guy you got last time. Okay It's coming down to metal raiders. I just had a sense about this one.  Here we go. Thousand dragon skull knight looking nice Tainan wisdom. We got the blast juggler occupying musician king Harpy lady the robin goblin and a horn of heaven Ultra, I always make fun of this is the worst ultra rare you can get and I always pull it But hey ultra is an ultra super and ultra and I pulled seven foils. That's not bad Plus we're about to pull blue eyes out of here right now. That'll be the final name on the coffin for me. Here we go Come on. Got our obelisk or slifer or wean dragon or raw blue eyes. Okay. We're pulling two blue eyes out of this By the way red eyes What's it gonna be?  Okay. All right our foils our spoils are looking good All right rev. All right. All right. All right. It's a tough comeback, but don't worry I'm gonna try. Yeah, it's a little shiny over there. Okay starting off hot with the chaos emperor the dragon Nice old school set first. Here we go. It's time to duel baby I'm ready. Will you be dueling with a chaos emperor dragon? Let's get it chop man. Hi. Yeah Oh I'm still in it, baby. Oh darkness. You got the wrong secret rare, but hey, it's a secret rare same thing with my judgment The new it's kind of a very similar Our openings have been pretty similar. Yeah. Okay. All right. I'm still in it. I'm still in it. That's a good start secret rare Let's get our crisis. Can you pull a judgment of the new this? I'll see we'll see I at least got that secret rare out of the way that was gonna be a tricky one to beat I feel like yeah, that that that was helpful to match the secrets already. All right starting strong, baby Gotta keep up with the ruckson 34 here. Okay. Okay. Uh-oh. What's it gonna be? Oh, this is a band card actually It got banned because it had like this weird combo where it would just infinitely loop So they banned it a long time ago. So hey band card not bad. Super. All right I'm definitely still in it. That's because unlike pokemon we uh, for some reason use every card ever made In our card pool. Unlike pokemon Yeah You know what should work We're all seeing white tiger. All right, come on genzo time. You got genzo. You might even win. Oh, man That's the dream right overdrive. All right.  I think I think No, the same beetle I feel like they always end up with the same commons at the end for some reason. I don't know why Okay, you're two out of three. That's still not bad. You got a secret.  I got one of each. I got a super ultra secret this round So you just need an ultra to match me. All right. Let's get a banger here. Let's get some let's get a really good ultra Okay, here we go. Let's try to oh the burger. We got it. He's getting reprinted by the time you see this He's been reprinted. Oh, yeah, true because that set just dropped, right? Yeah. All right. Here we go A little rat friend. Oh no, you can balcony. Okay. All right two packs. All right We got some good sets to end it with.   Okay All right, or something big arm and zombie the pale beast. That's me I got something. I got something. I got something. Oh another sangha It's weird Sangha of the thunder. Okay. Now you now you need something because you got double supers Come on if you okay, but really really like any foil though and out of here is crazy because lob so Okay, come on. Legend of blue eyes white dragon. Hard of the cards time All right, this is an important pack right now Here we go. All right. Here we go. Here we go So we place that pilot crystal electro whip Larvis Laser cannon silver fang. I don't know about this one Oh, that's me ending my my loss right now Oh, no Hey, my hey, it's not it's not over yet. Technically. I mean you lost because I pulled the best one, but Still, but still you could pull the blue eyes, which would be make it more respectable. Yes. It's all right Here we go. I will say you put up more of a fight than I did in in the pokemon video. Let's just say that It's all about having fun Okay, next one says the guy that lost red eyes black dragon Oh We got all the god cards. Sly for the sky dragon. Yes. So you can tell it's red Man, thanks for having me on that was fun, dude. All right, these well well played well played Thank you, sir. Go check out pokarev's video where he pulled absolutely insane And uh, yeah, it was fun We'll see you guys In the next one peace shout out to tone foe show dax or jt show puffins of doom or nester diana dizzy Missy cold america deutcher supreme stage 21 and then a tie show ayan moosa jr. Barty member gecko and thomas pocain Thank you guys for supporting the channel. I'll see you guys in the next video. Peace


It's the fresh smell of exam season. All around the world, people are getting ready to send their college applications or to get the credentials to back up their college applications by taking standardized tests, especially when it comes to English. But when it comes to actually taking a test and figuring out which test to take, a lot of people get confused. And that's why today we're going to focus on answering three questions. First, how do these tests work? And which test should you take? Third, how can you raise your score on these important exams? Let's start with how these tests work. All language tests do essentially the same thing, which is test the four key language skills. Those are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. So most of your English tests are going to have four parts, one for each of these four skills, and you'll get a grade in each of the four skills. You've heard me say at some point or another that you need a B2 or a C1 or even B1. What do those mean? They come from the common European framework of reference, basically a way to standardize different levels of language proficiency. So what this means for university applications is that many times you will see on websites that they ask for a B2 or a C1, but maybe they don't specify exactly which test you need to take. And that brings us to our next question. Which test should you take? In this corner weighing 17 stone and four pebbles, Her Majesty's official English testing service born in 1848 from the University of Cambridge. We have the IOC muscle born in New Jersey, so you know he hits hard, crushing opponents since 1947. Ladies and gentlemen, who's going to take those? Cambridge Assessment and the Educational Testing Service administer the world's two most popular English tests, the IELTS and TOEFL respectively. Now before we talk about which of these two tests you should take, it would be good to know a little bit about the similarities and differences. Let's start with what's the same. Both tests can certify you anywhere between a B1 and C1 level. You'll get a grade in each of the four main skills and you'll also get a final grade that kind of represents the average or the sum of all of those skills. Now this is where they start to separate a little bit. The IELTS gives you a score between 1 and 9. Meanwhile, the TOEFL gives you a score between 0 and 120. Each of the four skills is worth 30 points. Most universities will ask for you to get somewhere between a 6 and 7 on the IELTS. Similarly, universities typically ask you to get anywhere between 90 and 100 points on the TOEFL with minimums in each category. In general, the IELTS is the easier test and here's why. The TOEFL uses what they call integrated tasks. Integrated tasks integrate reading and listening and writing and speaking altogether in the same task. Ready to form Voltron! You may have to read, then listen, then speak. The same thing happens in the writing where you're expected to do the first part of the writing by reading an article and then listening to a lecture about that article. System systems across the country are devoting resources. And then finally answering the question given. These integrated tasks generally are more challenging because they require you to remember more information, take more notes, and ultimately they make the TOEFL harder than the IELTS. That's not to say that the IELTS doesn't have any challenges. The IELTS adds difficulty to its test by taking away multiple choice options wherever possible. The majority of the test requires you to actually write in the answer in a blank. That answer could even be multiple words. This means that spelling also comes into play when we take the IELTS and that can make it a little bit more difficult for some people. The thing about the IELTS is that you can probably take it anywhere. The TOEFL is generally more acceptable in the United States and Canada, but it's not as common to accept it in Europe. So if you're thinking about applying to both European and American universities, you should look at taking the IELTS and not the TOEFL unless you find a university that only accepts the TOEFL. Now if you decide to take the IELTS, be aware that there are multiple flavors of the IELTS. One is the academic version, while there's also a general version. And you should always take the academic one, don't even think about taking the general. But there's also a third variant called the IELTS indicator test. Now this indicator test is an online only version of the IELTS, which was released recently in response to the situation that we're all living in. Putting 40 people in a room together to take a test doesn't suddenly seem like a good idea anymore, so we don't do that now. Now you may be able to take the IELTS indicator for admissions to universities, but you do need to be mindful that it's a relatively new format of the test to make sure you check with the university website to make sure that they actually accept the IELTS indicator test. The bottom line is this. If you take the IELTS academic test on paper, you can go anywhere. So take that test. If you're unable to take tests in person for reasons, then we would recommend that you take a look at each university's website and see whether they will support the TOEFL online or the IELTS indicator test online. Oh my God! There is another. I've been talking about these two tests like there's no competition, but guess what, people, there is. Ring that bell. Duolingo has entered the chat. That's right, Duolingo. The little laugh that you download on your phone that teaches you how to speak another language, that Duolingo, they have their own language test now. And they're trying to disrupt the entire system. That's exactly what Duolingo's doing, by the way. Thousands of institutions, most of them in the U.S., but not all, have already said that they'll take the Duolingo test results. What they do is force you to record yourself taking the whole test. They then go through and review your video recording.  Your ears need to be nicely uncovered, so if you've got some really long hair over those, you might want to, you know, do something about that. Both the IELTS and the TOEFL will cost you about $200 to take. But this Duolingo test is coming in at literally less than a quarter of that. So should you take the Duolingo test and forget everything I said about the IELTS? Well, not so fast. It is a brand new test. It's the new kid on the block. And so not every university has signed up for Duolingo yet. If you take a look at your college list and they all say Duolingo, maybe you should. How can you raise your score on these English tests? Now, obviously the easiest way to do this would be to go to prepwiscor.com and then call us up and see how we can help you. But if you're looking just for some free advice, I've got that too. Here are some tips that you can use to raise your score on all four of the skills of any English test. When it comes to reading, this is going to be very disappointing, but read. If you never read books, articles or anything in English, how are you going to get good at reading for a test? When it comes to listening, the advice is similar. Podcasts are a great way to do this, especially if you have some kind of commute to and from school or to and from work. This is the best way to do it. Just put on a podcast and listen to some people talk to you in English. I highly recommend the Stuff You Should Know podcast. You can also work on listening for specific accents because tests like the IELTS love to introduce you to the whole breadth of English accents, including people from Scotland, Ireland and Australia. My personal favorite suggestion is to check out Netflix comedy series called Comedians of the World. Instead of displaying different seasons, displays different countries. So you can actually sit there and listen to stand-up comedy from Canada or New Zealand or South Africa for like an hour and get more familiar with their accents. When it comes to writing, every single English test is going to have some kind of essay. And usually it will ask you to take your side on a debatable topic. Always pick a side and stay firm to that side. One of the biggest mistakes I see people make on these English tests is that they try to explore the nuances and grey areas and exceptions of everything. And the problem is, ain't nobody got time for that. You really need to just focus on one side of the argument and really defend that side with all of your life. With speaking, obviously I can tell you to just go practice speaking and talk as much as you can, but when it comes to these tests, the key is time management. Every speaking task on an English test has some sort of time limit and you need to practice working with that time limit. So for the TOEFL, you have to speak for 60 seconds, practice speaking 60 seconds, set a timer to 60 seconds and start talking. When you're able to sense somewhere around here that it's time for you to stop talking, then you're good to go. If only I had that in real life. That sort of sixth sense is going to tell you that, hey, okay, it's time for me to wrap it up with a conclusion. That way you never get, I'm gonna let you finish. Cut off in the middle of an idea. Your entire speaking section will sound more coherent and organized because you're aware of how much time is left on the clock. Another tip for speaking is maybe to imbibe a little bit of liquid courage before you start because that's a great way to kill the nerves. Know what I'm saying? What we always recommend people do is try to prepare their best for taking the test one time and one time only. And if you need help with that, you can go to prepwithscore.com and see how we can help you prepare for any English test.


Hello there, it's Sandy and I have some tips for your watercolor pencil scenes, but I also have the new release from Colorado Craft Company. I love working with Anita Jerome Stamps, so I'm going to show you my cards first and talk through them and then I'll color one of them for you and be giving you tips along the way. So the snow bunnies, I did some watercolor powder pencil in the background and then watercolor penciled the trees. So I did not wet the background, I only wet the trees. That makes sense and hopefully it will by the end of the video. Next up, we have the kitty cats under the mistletoe. I had to draw my own mistletoe, but misto is really easy to draw and you can make them lover kitties. Next we have the happy dance critters. This one was more of a challenge because I was trying to use a scene from one of the colored pencil classes, the rainy days class, and I used the colored pencil technique in the background, but I had to use water in the foreground to make the two separate from each other. I just was having trouble with it and I couldn't erase the watercolor pencil so I ended up having to draw it in white pen. Next up is the mouse bearing gifts, bearing cheese on top. So he's got some lucky friends who are going to get his gifts and I used one of the storybook scenes in a different medium. Yes, there's no storybook scenes in watercolor pencil, but you can use them if you take the other classes and just figure out how to translate them into a different medium. And then we have the cats ready to knock over the plant and this one is doing so on the porch outside and the trees are from one of the storybook classes. And this is the stamp set I'm going to use because there's a dog that looks like Gialo and a dog that looks like Vienna. Given that we just celebrated our gotcha day, our fifth gotcha day, it seemed like the thing to do. So there's Gialo looking at the birds. He is my bird and squirrel hunter extraordinaire. And Vienna is the one who would walk herself given the chance. She cannot be even close to an open door or I won't see her for hours. So she's the one I'm going to color. I'm going to use my super color pencils and the great thing about watercolor pencils is you can use them for watercolor techniques and color pencil techniques on the same piece. And I'll show you what I mean by that. First is the shading on the dog. Just going to put some gray down toward the bottom. I know the pencil looks like it's blue, but it's actually a dark gray color. And in order to blend it, I'm going to use a brush with just a little tiny bit of water on it. I'm using it on drawing paper. So I don't want to use a lot of water or it will warp, but it won't warp when it's on drawing paper if there's just a barely, barely, barely tiny amount of water. Since the dog was a really limited thing, I thought I could use the brush on that one. And I decided not to use any water on the leash because it was just so tiny. It's hard getting a brush in there. Even for the ground, I just scribbled some color and used a baby wipe to move it because the baby wipes hardly going to put any water on the paper. So I can just mush it around and not have to worry about it and not be warping the paper. On top of the wet pigment, so there's some moisture there from the baby wipe, I started putting in leaves. And these are not polka dots, they're like hash marks. Think of them as commas on their side or something. I've seen a lot of people try to do things with leaves from my fall classes and it just, it makes me crazy because they're not, they're not polka dots. And I'm going to talk a little bit more in the tree about how to join them, but you just don't want them to be real even. You don't want them to be spread out in even. So let's go for a colored pencil technique. I've used this numbers of times and I teach it in my colored pencil jumpstart class, using a tea strainer to grate the pigment of one of the pencils for the sky. And I'm just using a cotton ball to move it around. If you were to use water in this, you're then going to potentially generate blooms, that sort of thing. If you're using watercolor paper or you could warp it if you're using drawing paper. So I'm just going to mush the color around with that cotton ball till I'm fairly pleased with how it's laying down. It's very soft. And then going to work on the tree in the same way as I did with the ground. Just going to mush over all of that color with the baby wipe first and then start putting the leaves in. Now here's where the tip comes in to try to not make it look like polka dots. I was trying to figure out a way to explain it and I thought instead of having each leaf individually separated from each other, the goal is by the end, think of it this way, have every third leaf at least touch another leaf. You don't want every leaf to touch another leaf necessarily. You don't want to be ritualistic about it. But think about every third leaf touching another leaf and you might get a little less of the polka dotted look. Because especially in Copic marker, I see just a lot of people that end up with things that look like polka dotted trees, which are really cute. But they don't blend at all that way. So here I'm able to blend, since it is watercolor pencil, I can blend that color by just tapping on the surface of the three colors that I've put in there for the leaves. And not pushing the color around to completely mush it out and fully blend it, but just tap it and it gives them all a little softer look. Then I went in with the side of the dark reddish pencil. This is the russet pencil. And I'm trying to create clumps. You can see how there's different clumps appearing because I'm coloring all the russet in sections and leaving some sections of light color. And then choosing a few of those russet sections to make even darker with the brown. So that starts to give the tree a little more flavor of being a tree instead of just being polka dots. And tell me if that makes sense, because it's not making sense as I'm saying it, but it's the best way I can figure out how to explain it. So next is just add some leaves falling from the tree more tightly up at the top toward the tree and then loosely as they come down. And don't put too many leaves in there because then it could look like weird confetti, which could also be strange. But here is the finished card along with all of the other beautiful cards that you saw at the beginning. They're all individual over on my blog.  I'll link you to the stamp sets as well as the coupon code for just this weekend. So make sure you go check it out and I'll see you next time.


Anastasia Potipova vs. Marta Kostruk is the first quarterfinal for the ladies Indian Wells for 2024. And both have been very good to get to this stage. Kostruk entered the tournament as the 31st seed and will get a buy in the first round. In the second round she take on Hontama, there's no problem getting through in straights. 6-4-6-2. In the third round she was supposed to take on the number 7 seed Vondrusava. But Vondrusava had to pull out due to personal reasons, handing Kostruk the walkover. In the fourth round she take on the 22 seed Pavlia Cenkava, who had just beaten a Dajmire in the previous rounds. There's no problem getting through in straights. 6-4-6-1 to advance to the quarterfinal. Potipova entered the tournament as the number 28 seed and will get a buy in the first round. In the second round she take on Buzkova. And after a close first set will get through in straights. 7-5-6-1. Third round she take on the lucky loser Potiroska, who was able to advance thanks to Rabakina withdrawing last minute. There's no problem for Potipova getting through in straights. 6-1-6-1. In the fourth round she take on the 13th seed Palini, who had just won Dubai a couple of weeks ago. And after dropping the second set, Potipova would recover. Winning in 3-7-5-1-6-6-3 to advance to the quarterfinal. These two were played twice before with Potipova having won both of their matches. Both of them were last year. Only one of them has been on a hard court though. That was in Miami. And Potipova got the easy win there. The last time they did play it was very very close, with Kostrak almost getting the win on the grass. Kostrak's going to win this one. She needs to keep her emotions within her, because she does get a little emotional when she plays Potipova. If you've watched their matches previously, they do have a little bit of beef going on. So she needs to keep her emotions clear and keep her emotions inside and just use her game to do the talking. Potipova is going to win this one. It's the same thing. She's got to keep her emotions in check, because they do have a little bit of beef over the last couple of matches. And she also has to use the confidence of the two lovely.  Very interesting matchup. Of course, Rebecca was here, was expecting her to get to this stage, even Kallon Sky or maybe even Palini. But this is the matchup. One of these players that makes the semis. But I've got to go with Kostrak in this one. I think Kostrak this year has been so good, of course, had a great Australian Open. And I reckon she's just getting a little bit better when it matters. Also, the fitness levels as well. She has had one less match because von Drusso pulled out. So I'm going to go with Kostrak to make the semis. But let me know down in the comments below who's going to win this one.


5-4, but kunawa 6, kwa maituka 2-5-6 I know she's there, she's so excited like 6 6, 2-5-6 so yeah 2-5-6, awesome in the building, make some noise Uge mupuli apile ya It's an awesome time Yeah it's awesome Some people With awesome person Awesome the person And an awesome privilege Awesome awesome awesome awesome person Who's also called awesome from 1856 Thank you guys Yeah And there is, oh I almost said karibu sana Asante So you have learned that At least At least you've learned what else have you learned Sasa For sana Mambo Pa Awesome She can stay She can stay in this country Mansevo Mansevo can wait We should look for you an apartment Fale kili mani you stay You remain with us I'll be glad to stay Apart from the language What else have you How's the experience so far It's quite warm Everybody are told me it's too cold It's too cold but it's not that cold Narobi is cold? Narobi is cold? It's cold I don't feel it's hard It's cold People are told me it's very cold here But it's the opposite It's so hot But it was cold last week Maybe when we spoke with them Last week they told you It's so cold It changes just like that That's the Narobi weather You can never tell You never know It's cold In the next few minutes it's cold The next moment it's very hot So you can never be sure There is a finding yourself I'm loving it You're loving it here I'm loving the people I'm loving the music Oh my God I've been dancing in the car To this place It's amazing That is so awesome Yes That is so awesome That is Karibusana And people would love to know you Yes Tell them about yourself I'm a gospel minister From Uganda Kampala I'm a worship leader as well So I'm very passionate about worship music But I'm also very creative So I do reggae music I do afro pop music And I'm excited to be here With you guys today Yes, I've noticed you do a variety Yes And there's one that you've worked With a Kenyan Yes You want to be a video The one that just came in Nila video was short right here In Nairobi It was short in Nairobi Yes How is it working the producer And the directors And working in Nairobi as well It's such a big blessing Because the flavor is new Of course I mean everyone at home Back at home in Uganda Telling me who shot that video They love the concept They like the uniqueness The dancers were from here And people are copying The dance In the video It's incredible to work With different people It makes us united Together In worship And it's amazing yes Let me take you back To the reggae part of your show Yes, the reggae genre Yes How have they received The genre in Uganda Because I know Here Kenyan love reggae In dance world Oh really Really do Try doing a reggae show On Jesusako The traffic Just massive So how is it in Uganda In Kampala it's quite different Because there are few female artists To do reggae There is one called Jekeshine Have you had about her? Yes, I have Yes Apart from her I don't quite remember Who else does reggae music In the gospel industry So I'm excited to try it out I love reggae music So I was like I need to do a song And incredibly It's one of my most selling songs People love it so much People appreciate it Meaning they need that content Yes, they need more reggae music So I need to look for it To my second album To do some more reggae music I guess so Wow And talking of that song Your love It's a collaboration Yes With one artist That was making I was doing good And of course he's there Holikin Amoti How was it working with I have received his jam Dance hall How was it Holikin is such a big artist Back at home So it's such an own And a privilege To do a collab with him He's not just a friend artist He's also a mentor to me So One of these days When I pushed to just do BGV BGV is like background focus In his songs He's like Why don't we do a song together And all that Because I'd requested it even earlier So it was easy to actually Write a song in studio We did it in studio Recorded it just We just had to go back And furnish it some more But I had already started working On my album Called Father's Love And singing about the heart of God And how much he loves us As his children So it was very easy to sing About how his love Can never die So it's an encouragement To everyone Whatever you're going through Whatever you're seeing It can It's not the end God is by your side God loves you He's your father And his love can never die Okay Yes Do you have any artist in mind A Kenyan artist who'd like to Walk with Especially that Don't know Dancel and Reggae I like male fingers I don't know why But Chris Errol Chris Errol He's such an energy I like his music so much And he has visited Uganda So many times He feels like a Ugandan now Wow And of course now He's talked about an album Father's Love album Is it out there Yes already out How can people get it Like Kenyans Ya ya ya It's available Because in March I launched it We did an album launch Then in July We did another premiere But still the same album I got this privilege to be Unveiled by one of the biggest Media house in Kampala Called Parafem So I was the artist that was Unleashed this year So my album even went More viral besides the March premiere But now it's already available On all digital platform iTunes, Spotify Soundcloud and all that But even YouTube Yes The videos are there YouTube channel At Awesome Yuji Much Awesome Yuji Yes We can shout out a few guys in Uganda In Kampala Kampala Hi you people I love you so much Thank you for believing in me For loving my music We are here in Nairobi Representing our nation For the glory of God Of course Your show, our show For God's glory And of course we would love to send Our shout outs Of course you are going to Deliver them to the people Shake them to the people Thank you In Uganda Tell them that you love them also Send our love And do your music Tell them also to share Your music here We are glad to support also Thank you so much And of course he me love If you love the jam Of course you know how we do it Yes of course We share And of course Request and post it everywhere And it will be a blessing to me Thanks Before she performs that song We are going to take up Very short break We will be back after this Wow


Sarah works for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a refugee biologist at Morse Wetland Management District. Morse is in Minnesota, for those who don't know Morse is at. She coordinates the biology program at the district, including inventory and monitoring, research and planning. Sarah received her BA degree in biology and environmental studies from Lawrence University in Wisconsin and a master's of science degree in wildlife and fishery sciences from South Dakota State University. When she isn't at work in the prairie and in the wetlands, Sarah enjoys spending time with her family, exploring public lands and gardening and cooking. So Sarah's topic today is timing, prescribed fire in tall grass prairie based on plant phenology. So let's welcome Sarah. Well, I feel like I need to manage some expectations after Sean was hyping up this presentation so much yesterday. We, Kami and Jill and Jen and I have been working on this topic of timing management in our tall grass prairies for the lifetime of the NPM program, which is about 12 years now. We don't have any answers. So if you were hoping for the big aha, that's not really gonna happen. But what we do have, I think is a really good story to tell and a journey that we've been on for the last several years. So that's what I just really wanna share with you today. So Kami gave a good overview yesterday of what AMPAM or Native Prairie Adaptive Management Program is all about. So I'm not gonna get too much into the details but just as a reminder, we've got, excuse me, the purple dots on here are all of our management units that are enrolled. It's US Fish and Wildlife Service land for the most part, all remnant prairies, native prairies. We have sites throughout the prairie pothole region, which is that green area on the map. But again, some of them are in the mixed grass prairie, some of them are in the tall grass prairie. Kami was talking about mixed grass stuff yesterday and we'll be focusing today on tall grass. So everything east of that yellow dashed line. And AMPAM is again, a decision support tool that's intended to help guide our managers. So it's not a research project. That's one thing that I think is important for people to keep in mind. The idea is not to necessarily answer all the questions but to provide guidance to our managers based on the current state of their prairie, what the optimal management tool is to apply in the next year. For the, we have separate models that are built into the tall grass and the mixed grass prairies for this project. And so within the tall grass, we have a bit more of a focus on timing of management related to smooth brome that is not included in the mixed grass prairie. So why did we do that? When we first started AMPAM, we really didn't intend to have two separate models or model sets. We were gonna have the whole project be just all together. But as we got to talking and thinking about it, there was this Wilson and Stubedick model out there, this provisional model in the literature that a lot of our managers were using and we're just like fully on board and kind of it was just incorporated into our, sort of what we thought of as our common sense knowledge of how we were managing our prairies. So the idea with this Wilson and Stubedick model is that there's this sort of magical window in the spring. We call it the spring window often. So you'll probably hear me refer to that. That was really looking at the period between tiller elongation and fluorescence for smooth brome as being the best time to burn a prairie. And specifically they were focused on tall grass prairies that had at least a 20% warm season native grass component. And so the reason that this isn't included in the mixed grass prairies, of course, because that doesn't have that warm season, heavy warm season component like our tall grass prairies do. So since this model was out there, it was so widely used and accepted among our land managers, we thought it made sense to actually build this into our models that we used for the tall grass prairie. One thing I wanna point out is, and this was touched on a little bit yesterday, was that in their paper, they for some reason thought that recognizing or identifying when there were above ground nodes on brome tillers was gonna be real hard for land managers to do. I'm not super sure why that is. It doesn't feel difficult to me. I don't know if they just didn't think people wanted to crawl around in the grass or what, but so their recommendation in that paper was to use the five leaf stage. So five leaves on the plant as a surrogate for nodes as identifying when elongation was starting. So just keep that in mind as we keep going here. Ignoring that one. So what we did then was, remember, Kami was talking about for the mixed grass, we had four management alternatives that are in the suite of recommendations for our managers. For mixed grass, it's burn graze, rest and a combo burn graze. So what was different for tall grass was because we were so just all on board with this idea of that spring window being the ideal time and really wanting to push our managers to do the best right thing. We thought that's what that was. So we actually incorporated that spring window right into our management recommendations. So we have rest again, the same as the mixed grass folks do, but then instead of just grazing and burning, what we have is graze in the spring window, burn in the spring window, or we have a fourth option, which is called defoliate, which means burning or grazing anytime outside that window from elongation to inflorescence or hanging at any time. We had a lot of folks that were interested in using hanging as a management alternative. So if we were gonna use those that window to guide our management, we also needed to come up with some rules, which is what's shown on the right here as far as how we would actually define and identify that window when it was occurring out there. And so you'll see that, I did not advance. So you'll see that we did focus on this five leaf, stage as being that surrogate for the above ground nodes, because that again was what was recommended in that paper and that was what most of our managers were doing.  And then the window would end when most of the brom on that, on any given unit had inflorescences. So we found some issues right away. I'm gonna back up so you start looking at that. So we found some issues right away. One was that we're a bunch of wildlife biologists who are not range managers. Most folks who are managing land for the Fish and Wildlife Service are wildlife biologists by training or ecologists, conservation biologists, not range scientists, not botanists. That's changing a little bit. But so counting five leaves seemed pretty straightforward to a lot of us. But when it came right down to it, what do you account as a leaves? That there are rules, I'm sure that's pretty familiar and seems like a silly question for a lot of folks in this room who do have that range background. But for us, as we got to talking with our different participants, we realized that there was a lot of confusion out there about what actually counted as a leaf. How are we gonna know when we get to five leaves? So that was an issue, just being consistent. When we got our first year or two of data back from people about when they were identifying that spring window happening, there were some really odd variability. And I mean, we would expect there to be a lot of variation, right? As you go across, do you remember how big that map is? Like from Southern Minnesota all the way up to Northern North Dakota in Minnesota, that's a big range. You'd expect there to be a lot of variability and when that window was happening in, like by dates in spring. But what was happening was it was very unexpected variability and hard to explain variability. So it was like we'd have stuff way up north that the window would pop up and then down south. And it was just not, there wasn't a pattern that made any sense. And so that was when we really started to talk and think through maybe what we were doing wrong as observers again, right? Because recognizing that we're wildlife biologists nest more so than botanists, maybe we needed to do a better job of training our folks. So first thing we did was brought on Justin Dupay who got his masters at SDSU with Andy Smart and he put together a nice little training publication for us that really helps lay out very explicitly, very consistently how to count leaves, what counts as a leaf, when does it count as a leaf? And put together a photographic user guide for us that our folks could use to go out in the spring. He had a couple of technicians that ran around to a bunch of different sites and really felt like that did a good job when we went through that training and use that tool. We really were being a lot more consistent with how we were identifying that window. So that was a good first step. However, we were still having trouble with that window not being very consistent and not being very predictable. And the other issue was that we were starting to lose some of the enthusiasm from our participants because to be able to burn in the window, you needed to know exactly when that was happening. And it required a lot of trips out to their management units every couple of days to check on the progression of that roam that's got pretty time consuming and frustrating during a pretty busy time of the year for us. So next we brought on Sean and Lisa Preister and had her PhD here in 2018 or so. So around that same kind of 2015, she did a project where she was able to really get down obviously hands and knees out in the prairie and do some pretty intensive girl staging on the broom plants out there on our MPAM units and some other sites and had a really nice correlation between accumulated growing degree days and smooth broom. This was really helpful for us both for that efficiency thing that I was talking about. Now because we had these accumulated growing degree day values, we could kind of wait until we got close to those numbers that she identified before we started going out to visit our sites and check for elongation. So that was real helpful. The other thing that really was very valuable to us that came out of her work was that, yeah, we were right, that five leaf stage was not the way to go. She was seeing what some of us had been seeing that quite often those above ground nodes were there and detectable well before the broom plants were hitting five leaves, often three to four leaves. There were, it was pretty common for a broom to not even get to five leaves and also pretty common for a broom to not ever get inflorescence or have enough inflorescence to hit that rule that we'd come up with for what the end of the window was. So having Lisa actually go out in the field for a couple of growing seasons and just really get to know some of those populations of broom was real helpful for helping us think through some of that spring stuff. Another kind of just cool side note, Jen Zorna, our data manager, put together this spreadsheet for us that used accumulated growing degree days at the closest using data from the closest weather station to each of our management units and put this little tracking spreadsheet, kind of live tracking spreadsheet together for us. So we had a nice consistent way to keep track of when we were reaching that sort of early part of when elongation might be happening and we could just kind of keep an eye on this and then run out to our site. So that was pretty neat. However, so we thought we were, I feel like this whole story is like, we did this, but then however this happened. So that's gonna be my transition between every chunk here. So we felt like we had a lot of those sort of logistical things and just consistency things figured out with how we were observing all of this stuff, feeling pretty good about things we touched base with all of our participants in the tall grass for MPAM. And they were like, yeah, let's try to keep going with this, we'll move forward and see what we can do. Keep trying to target that window for fire and grazing. We tweaked our rules just a little bit based on what Lisa had found. And so you'll see here, it's still, we're still looking at like a start and end of the window, but instead of those five leaves, we really were gonna look for nodes so that we got together with everyone and help them understand what that all meant. And then the end of the window because we did have so much trouble with a lot of our brome never reaching inflorescence or there'd be just very few plants that would have inflorescence on them. We ended up coming up with this kind of best professional judgment. I don't wanna say it was totally arbitrary. We did a lot of thinking and looked in the literature and looked at some of our other data from earlier in the project and decided that we were gonna just say that window is 15 days after it starts. So again, all of this is like not based on calendar now, we're basing this off of accumulated growing degree days and presence of nodes. Okay, so all that was going on, we were feeling pretty good about where we were. Jill, our analytical person, then right around that same time we had kind of hit this moment where we had 10 years of data from this project and it seemed like a good time to go back. Remember, Kami was talking yesterday about that three-legged stool of MPAM where we have our adaptive management program that's helping our managers make decisions. We have targeted research, which is like what Justin and Lisa did with us. And then we have these retrospective analyses which is a real benefit from having the standardized monitoring protocol being applied across all these sites that we can then also, in addition to using the data to make management recommendations, we can use that data to answer some of these questions and look back at, maybe with a more kind of traditional statistical approach to think about some of it. So Jill did that kind of right around the same time that we were thinking, okay, we're ready, we're gonna just go ahead and forge ahead. And then we started seeing some pretty surprising things in our data. So just a couple, a little bit of context again, we're talking about as I work through some of these results from Jill. Again, this is that one year time step that Kami had mentioned yesterday. So we go out and monitor, we do our management and then we go out and monitor again. And so that cycle is a time step as a data point for this. Remember I talked about, we changed that rule of what the window was. Jill went back and reapplied our current rules for what the window was. So that was consistent across all of these because that is an important aspect that we're looking at. And then just wanna make sure that you kind of just keep in mind there are some real limitations with the data that we have because this isn't a research project, all of these sites are submitted by participants, whichever ones they wanna put into the project. We do have some sample size issues here. So there's a handful of those that are pulled out there.  You're gonna see some of these abbreviations that are over in the key on the right. G for graze, B for burn, obviously. O-W means outside the window. So that's anything in the year that doesn't fall between elongation and inflorescence. And then WW is within the window. And then we do look at all of this based on what the dominant invader is on the site. And so smooth brome, Kentucky bluegrass, the CEO is co-dominant smooth brome and bluegrass because we are so lucky that we have both on a lot of units. And then RM is remainder. That's any other invasive plants that might be present out there that didn't rise to the level of really building models around but we did wanna keep track of it. For us, that's usually things like quackgrass, red top, some woody invaders. So this is just some context for some of the many box plots that I'm about to show you. Just look, again, keep in mind that there are some low sample sizes in some of these and that's just something that we need to kind of keep in mind. So real similar to the box plots that Kami was showing yesterday, I wanna look at my notes to make sure that I don't forget to say anything here. So these figures have the treatment along the X axis. So again, the OW is outside the window. WW is inside the window. The label on top of any of these is gonna show you which invader or plant community is dominant. That dashed line that's in the middle of it there is our starting value of cover averaged across all of the units for that individual plant. So like in our case, we had about 37% cover smooth brome when we were starting. So then if the box is above that dashed line it means there was an increase in cover. If the box falls below that dashed line there's a decrease in cover, okay? And then we've got figures here for brome, bluegrass that remainder and then native query. And one thing that Jill wants me to make sure that I point out very clearly is that all of those have to add up to 100 just the way that our data is. And so when you see an NP for native query what that really is is 100% minus whatever cover for brome minus whatever cover for bluegrass and remainder, okay? So just another kind of context thing, I guess. Okay, so all of that to say we thought we had things figured out we thought our biggest problems were just these logistical things of not knowing how to count leaves and having a lot of confusion about what nodes were and all that kind of stuff. But there was also just some problems with the data that we found when Jill did some of these analyses. So we realized pretty quickly after Kami and I had a little bit of crying together about it all after spending all this time thinking we knew what we were talking about we made some incorrect assumptions just like baseline baked into all of our models for the tallgrass prairie and Pamunus. So first assumption was that Wilson and Steubenick were right or that their provisional model worked for the Northern tallgrass prairies doesn't seem to be the case. So there's lots of stuff. I'm just gonna ask that we think about the red here, the burning. So we'll, according to Wilson and Steubenick burning inside that magical window should decrease our brome increase our native cover, right? And you'll see that we're actually seeing the opposite here. So we, this is both, both of these are for sites that are smooth brome dominant the left one is the responsive brome the white one is right one is the responsive native prairie. And you can see that when we burn outside of the window, we're getting a decrease in smooth brome cover. And when we burn inside the window we're getting an increase in smooth brome cover.  Then when we started looking a little further there were a few other assumptions that we got to thinking about that we made on the other was a next one was that we thought we should be able to extend that brome window concept to Kentucky bluegrass. Now we recognize this was a little bit of a stretch but there wasn't a lot of data out there in the literature about Kentucky bluegrass and timing for management. But, you know, I mean, kind of made sense. They're both cool season, rhizomatous invasive grasses. We've got them a lot on the same site. So we'll just go with it. Now, again, just thinking about burning that assumption was not correct. The timing doesn't seem to make a big difference with Kentucky bluegrass. So these are sites that are dominated by Kentucky bluegrass and their left figure shows the response of bluegrass, the right figure shows the response of native prairie. Again, Jill wants me to point out as many times as I can that that's not just native prairie but that's also kind of accounting for all those other, you know, just because it's a bluegrass dominated site the native prairie result is also accounting for brome and other invasives. But anyway, there's no difference in burning outside the window or inside the window. Although it is a little bit heartening to see that burning does seem to decrease our Kentucky bluegrass. It's just that that timing doesn't seem to be an important factor, okay? Assumption number three, that was sort of a little bit of myth busting that we did that we could extend that window that Wilson and Schumann talked about to grazing. They were talking about fire really specifically in that project.  And so that's easy to say that one day happens in the window or not grazing extends for many days or weeks. And so that was a little bit complicated. But again, didn't work. The green big bars here are the grazes. So this is again that same exact figure that I showed for the first assumption when I was focused on fire. So smooth brome dominated sites and the response of brome on the left and the response of native prairie on the right. And you can see that grazing did seem to maybe decrease our brome a little bit, but the timing didn't seem to be important. Finally, the last assumption that we had sort of built into all of our progress models was that anything outside the window would be equivalent. This just shows our confidence in that window concept, right? So we were so sure that burning inside the window was the ticket that we were happy to say that maybe an April 1st burn was gonna be the same as a September 1st burn. Which now looking back, I was kind of a dumb thing to think, but we were just really all in on that Wilson and Stoomadick model. And so again here, just so now I'm highlighting the outside the window treatments. So the green is the graze, the red is the burn. And you can see again, that is certainly not the case. So grazing outside the window and burning outside the window, for example, had very different effects on the brome cover out there, right? Okay, so that was disheartening. We still were pretty sure that the window was right, that we were wrong. Like maybe we were just thinking about that window wrong. And it did one thing we did notice is that it ended up being a very narrow timeframe for us up here in this part of the world, maybe compared to where Wilson and Stoomadick were doing most of their work down in Nebraska, right at Meade. And so we thought maybe we just had sort of been defining that window incorrectly. So we tried to kind of slice and dice the data in a few different ways. Spoiler alert, it didn't work. But so just kind of again some context and sample size issues that I just wanna kind of have us all keep in mind, this is the distribution of our burns and our grazes in the tall grass, about 40 different sites. You can, this is the don't worry too much about the X axis, it's just, this is broken out by a warm season growing degree days, just cause that was how Jill was doing some analysis. But what you can see is that, oops, I did it. You can see that most of our burns were happening early in the growing season. That's because our managers were trying to do what we were telling them to do and hit that burn window. So they were at least trying that. But anyway, just to sort of give you some context, just that's, again, it's not a research project where we had assigned timing. It was a part of adaptive management is that that flexibility is built right in for the managers to still be making their decisions. Okay, so first thought was, it was very silly to think that outside the window is totally equivalent, that that in the window is just always gonna be better. So our first thought was, okay, maybe we need to split that early season up, split that outside the window up so that we would be looking at the vegetative stage separately from the elongation stage, separately from the reproductive stage. So we, instead of in and out the window, what we decided to look at were, what about our sites that were burned early in the spring, later in the spring or summer and onward? Again, some sample size issues. So you can see we had, there's 382 total data points, but very few of those later burns, because again, we were encouraging people to burn early. And so that's what they were really trying to accomplish for us. So just sample size context. So this does not take the dominance aspect into account anymore. So this is just all of the sites combined together. So those dash lines do represent a co-dominant state. This didn't solve our problem. So burn one again is, if you can't, oh, I'm sorry, I know it's hard from being in the audience, it's hard to see the X axis when it's weighed down there like that. So the first bar is gonna be rest. The green bar is grazing anytime. And then we were just looking at burning. So the red bar, that's the first one is burn one, which is early spring. The second one is burn two, which is late spring. And the third one is burn three, which is summer and on. Okay. So you can see the upper left graph is showing us the response of smooth brome. What we were kind of hoping was that maybe that early spring being combined with summer as outside the window originally was muddling things up and that if we could split that out, maybe we would see that there actually was an effective timing. And that didn't really seem to be the case. Although again, I will just like as a ray of sunshine show you that burning doesn't really seem to matter when you do it for Kentucky bluegrass, it does seem to help. Okay, that didn't work. So then we decided to phone a friend. We were freaking out. Does that seem fair, Kami? At that point, it's like, this isn't working. This isn't working. We have this whole model set all of these years and all of these participants really committed to MPAM. We didn't wanna just be like, hey, didn't work and walk away. So we're really trying to figure out what the right thing is to do. So we brought together a bunch of experts which many of them are in this room and I'm sure our familiar names for lots of you. And what we asked them to do was, okay, we thought Wilson and Stu Medica was right, but that didn't seem to be the case for us. So like set that aside in an imaginary prairie where the starting state maybe is like 25% cover of smooth brome. If we burned during the vegetative stage of that brome, what do you think the outcome would be? It would be increase or decrease, okay? So that's what this figure is showing for sake of anonymity, we don't know who these different colors represent but these are our different experts and their responses. And you can see that there's a little bit of variability in our expert's opinion about when we might see the best effect from burning brome, which was kind of funny but also kind of reassuring for us because we were having all of these struggles thinking we knew what was going on and didn't. So I'm just gonna zip through these. What Jill did was used what we knew about the growth stages and accumulated growing degree days. This is cool season and kind of the average for when we thought our experts thought that smooth brome would be most impacted. And this is, we also asked them about big bluestem. I don't make these funny, fun animation things. And when the best time would be to burn to not hurt our warm season grasses and then overlaid those because of course, cool season and warm season growing degree days aren't the same. And in the end, there is this window that we thought our experts were helping us kind of identify as a good time to burn when we're gonna hurt brome and we're gonna not hurt our warm seasons. We did the same thing for grazing and I'm running out of time so I'm just gonna have to zip through this really quickly. I apologize for that but happy to talk about it again later. So we basically kind of came up with these new ideas of like a good time to burn, a bad time to burn, a good time to graze, a bad time to graze. Took our data, reassigned them into those categories. Again, some sample size issues. We didn't have as many grazes and burns in what our experts had identified as the best time. And again, timing didn't seem to be the thing. It wasn't the most important thing. And so you can see smooth brome up on the top left there. I'll just hit on that one for the sake of time. And so the green or gray is a rest. The first green is a well-timed graze. The second is a poorly timed graze. Well-timed burn, poorly timed burn doesn't seem to matter too much for smooth brome. Graze are complicated. That's just the, it's a realistic thing that we have to think about. Kami, I love this analogy always says we need to think about it as plain chest not checkers. There's a lot of strategy, a lot of thinking. We do feel like confident in saying that active management is important even though we can't pinpoint the timing. So for example, we did see that fire was beneficial in the case of Kentucky bluegrass. We do see overall a common upward trend for our native prairie cover. So managing, managing, managing does seem to be helping but maybe timing isn't the most important consideration. And now we're in another whole big process of trying to figure out, well, what is, how should we guide our managers? So there's ecological lessons and then there's also life lessons for all of us. There is, I think this, the biggest thing is that there is real benefit in having a standardized protocol that all of us were using. If we didn't have that, we wouldn't have had the opportunity to have Jill go back and reassess some of these things and help us answer some of those questions. So I can't say enough, even though it can be disheartening and we're not getting the answers that we think are correct or helpful that there's a lot of value in being able to look at it in a lot of different ways and answer those. Challenge your assumptions just cause somebody says there's big foot, don't go with it. We thought that that five leaf stage was the ticket and everybody just did it and they thought it was right and it turned out maybe not so much. And then I would also say, especially for some of the younger folks in the room, use the experts that are out there. It was really comforting. Again, I will say when we got that figure from all of our experts having very different ideas about and I will say they all felt real uncomfortable answering that question. Like none of them wanted to answer that question for us of when the best time was to burn or graze because it is sort of an unknown. So in a lot of ways, I wish we would have had that conversation earlier in the whole process, but don't be afraid to reach out to the experts that are out there and start forming those relationships and leaning on them when you have crisis moments in your paradigm. The end.


From the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, it's theCUBE, on the ground, with Accenture Labs 30th anniversary celebration. Okay, welcome back everyone. We're here for a special on the ground presentation or Accenture Labs 30th year celebration of being in business at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, the heart of Silicon Valley. I'm John Furrier, our next guest is Yvonne Wasnar, who's the CEO of Airwave. Good to see you, CUBE alumni. Welcome back. Thank you so much. So you're an integral executive at this event here. You've worked at VMware, you've worked at New Relic, you're now at Airware. What do you guys do? First, explain what Airware is, because this is fascinating. Yeah, yeah, Airware is the most fun and impactful company on the planet. I'm a bit biased, but fundamentally, I explain it as commercial drone software analytics. And the reason I say that is, commercial drone is important, because it's not just hobbyists, it's businesses using drones to collect data. But ultimately, the important part is, what do you do with the data? And we provide cloud-based software analytics, machine learning, AI to derive business insights from what they collect. And drones are very practical other than my kids loving them for the GoPro on it. But you can go, instead of saying, go drive out and check that meter, or go out and take those trash out of the power lines, there's all kinds of applications that drones could do with not only tactical, but also getting data, visual data. So what is that looking like these days? Because it sounds very magical and fantasy-like. What are some of the applications? It's a great question, and I want to start with, what are some of the changes that have enabled drones to go from personal use to commercial use? First thing's the technology. And so if you think about the drones, it's kind of like the cell phones 10 years ago, the iPhone came out, it didn't do that much compared to today, but the advancement has been amazing. So we actually had an innovator, one of our customers, duct tape a cell phone to the bottom of a drone, like four or five years ago, to get the visual imagery that he needed to drive insights. Now you can just buy from DJI or Sensefly really powerful drones. So you're seeing a huge uptake in what drones can do. And then on the other side, you're seeing the ability with cloud-based analytics to get insights in things such as, think about it, insurance, rooftop inspection. You don't have to climb a two-story steep on a ladder. You can fly a drone up less time, more safe, and you get the historical information. Mining and quarrying, we do a lot in that space. Sock pile measurement. It's really fascinating, all the things you can do. It's almost, what do you not do? So I've been fascinated with drones ever since two years ago when Amazon had that big hype announcement where packages will be delivered to your home. And everyone can relate to that because they know Amazon delivers packages. But who's going to deliver, how does that work? Is there a namespace for airspace? That's a hard compute challenge. So how are you guys dealing with the spatial imagery aspect of it, because this is fascinating, because a new set of companies are redefining what was an old, established, boring, static industry. Uber remaps New York City every five weeks, or some number. Well, I was going to say, what's important is you have the geospatial coordinates. And so what we do is to actually align the images we take to geospatially where they are. We use GCPs to do that. And then we know exactly to the pinpoint how to stitch images together, how to relate images over time. So actually, that piece is quite easy. The harder part is when you're doing like large queries or commercial inspections, just the volume of data you're collecting and being thoughtful on how you can upload that process that that's the more interesting and challenging part. And certainly data ingestion's huge. So given that, I got to ask you the Internet of Things question. Internet of Things, the intelligent edge. Drones are moving, so they're real time. They're going to the edge of the network. They are the network and they're pushing the edge out. How are you looking at the IoT? What's your perspective of the current IoT landscape? Intelligent, dumb, not yet defined, not even at the school yet. This is a big topic. Microsoft talking about it. We've been talking about it on our research side on intelligent edge. Yeah, I think we are just on the cusp of what is possible. And to me, I think about the true power being and marrying that visual data that comes from the drone with the other Internet of Things data. So for example, if you think about in the aggregate space and in queries and mining where we play a lot, you have a lot of big equipment that has a tremendous number of sensors around fuel efficiency and what's going on with the machine. You can map that against the haul roads that they're driving and other elements that you can see from the sky. You can start to redesign your roads. You start to get huge fuel efficiencies and other benefits. So to me, the magic is really in marrying the different data sources, which is now becoming more possible as like broader technologies in the cloud and analytics evolve. So I got to ask you some technical kind of high level questions. You don't have to go deep under the hood. But because you worked at VMware, you know the Federation, which is EMC.  So two questions.  What's the strategy? Is there any kind of emerging trends you see with respect to architecture? Yeah, so we actually spent a lot of time thinking about how you pull the huge, vast amounts of data and get it into the cloud. I'm not going to give away all our secrets there, but what I will fundamentally say is we are big users of the cloud. So we're taking advantage of somebody else building up big data centers and their ongoing reduction in costs. Storage only gets cheaper and cheaper. And so for us, what we're really focused on is the processing power and what you can do in the clouds you put your data. So cloud helps you? Totally, yeah, yeah. What would life be like without the cloud? Would you be in business? It would be really hard. And it'd be hard on two fronts. One, because it takes a lot to build and scale up your own data centers as a company today, particularly as a startup. But I think even more importantly, the ability to do training of these AI algorithms on large data sets, you want to be able to look across data sets and that's most easily done and aggregated in the cloud. So you guys are cloud native? Yes. So what's your advice to CIOs as they look at their hybrid or private cloud or on-premise IT, that's not even private cloud? These guys are trying to transform fast, essential labs and others are helping them. What does the CIO have to do to get to the benefits of being that agile? Yeah, I think it's a great question. And when I was at New Relic, I was a CIO, so I have a little bit of experience with this. What I would say is it is hard and I feel the pain. You have a lot to do to run the day-to-day business. But ultimately, I think being really strategic and carving out the time and the big initiatives. And fundamentally, it comes down to all your net new stuff should be in the cloud. The stuff that's really critical that's on-prem that you can convert, you should do it and the rest you got to get rid of. You can't be held back by legacy because it will only prevent you from innovating and somebody else will have somebody else. And do you see CIOs ultimately going to an operating model that looks like cloud even though it might be on-prem? It does, particularly some of the larger companies and for certain applications where you have to have, for whatever reason, data within the company. But it will be more utility-based. It will be more burst capacity. You'll see more sharing as the tools and monitoring gets better. So I got to get your take.  You understand analytics across your career. As jobs get automated away, we have a survey in market size that Wikibon just did that says that by 2025, $150 billion of non-differentiated IT labor is going to go away and shift to other high value activities. So automation is going to replace those non-differentiating jobs labor. That means some other things are going to happen. So you can almost connect to, doesn't say software, analytics, some sort of new model. How does a company do analytics? Because what are those new value creation? Like you started a company on drone trend, real application, analytics is a differentiator. How does a company use analytics to help them figure out a differentiating strategy for their future? So I think it's a couple of things. One is how do you use analytics and automation to do what you currently do better, faster, cheaper? The more interesting thing is what you were talking about is if machines are doing that for you, if software is doing that for you, you have more time to think about, well, what's that next set of more advanced analytics I might do? Or how might I translate into better customer service? Or what's that new business model? So I think rather than jobs going away, it's really kind of like in the banks. The ATM didn't get rid of the bank employees. It just gave them the ability to be personal advisors and take other backpacks. And they opened up more branches. Exactly. And it's more people. It's actually helped create jobs. Exactly. Kind of that fallacy kind of goes away. Okay, we got a little bit of time left. Do a quick commercial on what you guys are doing. I'll give a plug for AirWare. How many employees you guys have? What stage you're at? What are you guys looking to do? Your hiring? What do your customers look like? Who is your customer? Take a minute to talk about your company. Yeah, so like I said, AirWare is an amazing company. We're about six years old. We're a series C. We've got great investors and backers with Andreessen, Planners Perkins, John Chambers is on our board. We're about 100 people. We've got global operations, both in Emmaia and in the US. The beautiful city of Paris as well as San Francisco. So hard to beat that. And fundamentally what we're focused on is global enterprise, commercial drone software analytics. And I call out enterprise because part of the reason I ended up at AirWare is I spent 17 years at Accenture. I understand what it takes to sell into enterprise. I know what they're looking for in terms of security, in terms of scalability, deployment, ease of use. And so bringing that, not just fund innovative experiments and innovation departments, but scale deployments. And we predominantly focus on insurance and agriculture mining construction right now. But we're building a platform that can be leveraged across industries. And so the real value add is how we reassemble the components to quickly innovate for other industries as well. I know we got time to break here, but one final question. We're going to be at the Grace Hopper celebration this year for our fourth year as part of our Women in Tech celebration. With all the recent Silicon Valley scandals around women in tech, I got to ask you, you've been in the business for a long time. You know, you've seen a lot of stories. I'm not going to ask you to share any specifics.  What kinds of norms and practices would you like to see? And any comment or color you can share on, what is the preferred outcome of the current situation? Yeah, so I deeply believe that for companies to be competitive, you have to be diverse in perspective skillset and your employee base. And that in this war for talent, if you're only going after a certain profile, you're going to lose. So I think the winning companies will diversify. I'm on the board at Harvey Mudd. He's done amazing work increasing the number of women in STEM. They had more than 50% of their computer science majors were female last year. So it's definitely doable. I think we all have a lot of unconscious bias. And fundamentally what's going to shift is having more role models and quite frankly, having more white male sponsors. I mean, John Chambers is a huge sponsor of mine and that makes a big difference. And including men in the conversation is a really important part of it. Yeah, 100%. My best sponsors have been men and that's what we need is that community to make a difference. Yvonne, thanks so much for sharing your insight and data here. Accenture Lab celebration, your role of Accenture, you working with them, you've worked with them. What's the take here? I'm super excited to be here. I was at Accenture for 17 years starting in 1990. So I'm old. And I got to grow up with the labs. Arthur Anderson, were they Accenture? Consulting at that point. It was Anderson Consulting. Anderson Consulting. I'm not old, it was Anderson Consulting. But I'd say the value of the labs is it's hard when you're a big enterprise company to reimagine the future. And so having places like Accenture Labs where you can see what the possible is and you have some of the experimenting with you is really powerful. And I got a good team of people, the cloud, really good timing to have a cloud operation too. Yeah, yeah, I'm excited to be here. Yvonne, thanks so much. Cube coverage here at the Computer History Museum. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE on the ground for Accenture Labs 30 years. The next 30 years ahead of us. A lot of exciting things. AI, new workforce, great action happening. Drones. First of all, the drone racing league by the way is really popular in my household. We're going to have drones in the Cube with Cube coverage with drone cameras coming soon. Thanks for watching. We'll be right back.


All right. Welcome back traders. I just want to talk a little bit about shorting. There's been a lot of shorting that's going on. And one of the big things I really want to focus on is on short squeezes.  And you'll be always getting alerts once a week of a tip of the day. And today's tip I want to cover on talking about one of the biggest concerns people have, which is short squeeze. And how do you know you're going to get caught into a short squeeze? How do you know how to profit from a short squeeze? Well, that's really what I want to cover. And basically what I have right here, I want to talk about level four. I want to talk about having a very good direct access broker, but also I want to show you some of the stocks that did have a good short squeeze and how to make a lot of money with them, but also not get suckered into them. Now, if you watched my video from just I did last week, one of the big winners that we had was NKLA. Big, big winner, great company from what I heard the next thing since sliced bread with the Tesla and stuff. But to us as day traders, we really don't care about that stuff. All we care about is making money. And when you look at the stock, you could see it started right around $30. It was a merger that was involved and stock was just one public. And you can see how the stock literally in two days, let me just bring this up a little bit bigger so you guys can follow along. So you could see in two days how the stock literally went from like $30 all the way to $95. Now, rumor has it that people said it's a $15 stock. Some people said it's going to be another $1,000 stock. So the thing is you want to know you don't get caught into these short squeezes. And this one, obviously, there is a big short going on right here. But it's a very fast moving stock. So you're trying to wonder which one do I trade, which one I don't trade. There are a couple of the stocks that actually were better to trade than this one. I want to talk about this, actually, this one right here was actually really good. So we got this 01, OK? So 01, let me bring this chart right here. And you could see this stock actually, let me bring up over here in a long term chart. So in two days, this stock ran from $2 all the way to $19. You got that? $2 to $19 in two days. Now, is it a short squeeze? How do I know it's a short squeeze? From experience to doing for 25 years, I always look at it and I say, listen, there's no reason why this stock went from $2 to $20. That's like Amazon going from $2,000 to $20,000 in two days. So this is what you get caught up in a short squeeze. Now, we do make a lot of money in a short squeeze. But the thing is you want to make sure you don't get caught up too much on it. And you could see here on the intraday chart, and let me just change this chart right here, you could see how the stock ran from $5 and kept going higher and higher and higher. And then it got halted. Okay, now, just to let you know, you're probably noticing that a lot, the stocks get halted. If the stock goes, there's like this whole formula, if it goes up so fast in a short period of time, they halted for about five minutes and then they reloaded and they halted in five minutes. They do a little bit of a shake in the beginning and then all of a sudden the stock will pop up. Now, what I want to bring over here is something called level four, which is my book mat. All right, so right here you could see we're looking at the stock you won. And the big thing we all teach when it comes to trading is you just have to follow the money, okay? You'll notice on my charts, I don't use any indicators, I don't use any Bolger bands and MACDs. First of all, it does not work for day trading, okay? How do I know that? Because that's how it was trained.  Now, you'll notice the stock is coming up to a big resistance levels right around here, around 15. So everybody see that right there?  It's kind of hitting it right there. And it's dealing with all these people right there at that resistance level. So you could see it's kind of testing it. What do we call a big order like that? That's what we call an iceberg order. It's a big resistance levels. So to me, that's a big, big, big short. Now it looks like the guy got just taken out. You could see it right there. He just got taken out at 15. It just went through it. And if I zoom out, I want to show you the course of the day what happened to this stock. So you could see time and time during the course of the day. You got these big red, what we call the heat map. And in this heat map, that is showing where the predominant supply and demand is, where these big orders are. What's nice about level four that you do not get level three is this is more on the right is the level three, but the level four is showing you a little bit more how long were they there for, how long were they consolidated there for, and how many more shares they have. And not only that, but then there's also something that tells us, you know, did the share get executed, did not get executed. But this stock has been a really, really, really nice short squeeze. And you could see that just how the shorts get squeezed. Well, eventually they get squeezed means they keep running it up. And you could see how the stock ran from $6 all the way to 20. So it looks like they're still in play today when it comes into short squeeze. And there are a couple other ones also I want to talk about CLIR, another big short squeeze stock. So let me bring over here so you can see a little better on this chart. And this, the CLIR, that also went from a buck 50 to about 325.  Why did it do that? Well, because listen, stocks don't go from a buck 50 to $3 just, just as a fluke. So what happens if I change over here and I change my volume and add a volume bar, you will automatically start seeing, boom, look at all those orders that came in. Stock trade a lot of volume. And not only is it a lot, you're talking millions and millions of shares. Stock trade over 121 million shares. So as a professional trader, what we look forward is we look for the orders that are out there. We'll look at our big percentage gainers like you could see CLIR right here in the bottom left-hand corner says the top 20 list. That was the biggest percentage gainer of today. And it still is. And it was even a lot harder than that. And here you're looking at the other one. Two one, still biggest percentage gainer of the day, up 125%. It was actually up more than that. And one last one I want to bring up another big short squeeze that was this morning. And it backed off a lot. Look at this stock right here, R-O-S-E-U, stock right in pre-market where we make most of our money, started right around $1, then spiked up around $2 and it ran all the way up until the open to almost $8 a share, just above $7. That is what we call an ultimate short squeeze. How do we know we got squeeze? Because it came right back down to $2. But just to give you a little tip of the day, most day traders, we don't try to buy the stock at $1 and sell it at $8. We try to buy it at $3 and sell it at $4, buy it at $6 and sell it at $6.50. We work on points, $0.50 moves, $1 move, that's about it. But you've got to just do one very important thing. You have to follow the money. Because the money trail is where it's going to give you the game plan, where to get and where to get out. If you knew where the big orders were, like you're seeing right here and you see that big order right here around $7 and you see still out there at $16,000, you see the seller at $5 or $12,000. These ladies and gentlemen, fellow traders, is how you got to have a game plan. If you're not following the money, then you're plain old just gambling. We all know how gambling works out. We didn't really work out too well for the guy that goes there over the weekend and says I'm going to make big and then you're sure enough, you know what, you blow up your account. Day traders, we don't hit home runs, we just hit base hits. So anyway, if you like a little bit more and see more of my short squeezes and you want to come and join me, I am live every morning on YouTube and Facebook live at 9 o'clock before the market opens up in pre-market. Just click on like us in the bottom and I'll get you and I'll show you a lot more of these short squeezes because this is really where we make most of our money. If you'd like to come and join us and see us live all day in our trading room, like I said, feel free to join us for one of our trials and you'll get to get even more experience what it's like to trade with hundreds of traders in my trading room that we do this all day. Thanks for watching and look forward for more videos that we'll be posting in the short in the future within the next week. Thanks, everyone.


Children of Palau. I take this pledge as your guest to preserve and protect your beautiful and unique island home. They reached out to us and said we have a huge influx of tourists since 2015. They didn't have the infrastructure set up to properly look after what all of the cumulative impact of these tourists was. And the biggest part of the brief was we don't want to stop these tourists coming. We can't. It's really important to our economy. But we need to educate them so that they can become aware of the collective impact that they have placed on the environment of Palau. Kind of two parts I would say to the pleasure. The first part is that it is the world's first environmental pledge that stamped into the passport of every visitor. The second part is that it needed to make a human connection and by making it a promise to the children of Palau it became one of those ideas that could just cut through all the guards that people might have because it's just a very different message to the usual laws and finger waging that other countries might convey to inbound tourists. I just think the pride that people have in the campaign has been immense. There's a lot of people in the agency that worked extremely hard on this campaign for a long time and I think that shows in the output that it's really been crafted with love. From the beginning part of our approach was knowing that we weren't going to have the media budget to reach the tourist markets around the world. And then when that was offset against the fact that the problem of mass tourism, unsustainable tourism, is a global problem and there are countries dealing with it all around the world. We knew that if we were able to tap into something there then this would be something that would resonate all around the world because they're all experiencing that problem. I think the main thing that people have talked to me about when they talk about Palau Pledge is that it's nice to see something do well here that is doing something good in the world. To be able to have a global stage to showcase projects like that and maybe new directions or new ways of applying the skills that we have in our industry to problems that exist outside of our industry. I think there's a lot more unlocked and untapped potential in our industry to do things like that.


The proposed equation for estimating the Lorentz number, L, from the thermo-power, S, is an improvement over the current method of using a constant value when detailed band structure and scattering mechanism is unknown. This equation provides a more accurate estimate of the lattice thermo-conductivity, CAP-L, which is important for understanding heat transfer in materials. This article was offered by Hyunsik Kim, Zachary M. Gibbs, Inglutang, and others.