Eu segui a página da Wikipédia, então, ontem, eu e a Cristian updated a página da Wikipédia com os nossos resultados para o próximo release e depois vamos seguir isso, procurando as coisas que você já fez e as coisas que você precisa fazer não todas elas precisam ser feitas por o release então não parece tão ruim e depois que fazemos isso, podemos voltar porque são os pontos que você está perdendo Então, as coisas que já fizemos para os interpreteiros, você está capaz de retirar todo um pedaço de ouro do arquivo Então agora temos apenas o Ruby 2.1, que é a última upstream Eu acho que são muito bons para o Jesse Eu acho que o package do interpreteiro é muito melhor Eu não acho que há mais um pedaço de ouro específico A upstream também está muito salvo hoje, então isso é bom Nós também fizemos certeza de que as upgrades do WISI não rompam porque no WISI nós ainda nos permitimos mudar o interpreteiro usando um pedaço de ouro, e isso parece ser muito perigoso e muito perigoso Então nós removemos a opção de fazer isso e também Há algumas opções de técnico alternativo no package do Ruby, para fazer sure que o usuário do Ruby é sempre o que queremos ser e então as upgrades funcionam então nós decidimos como fazer sure que mesmo se você não tem o package do Ruby e você tem algo que o usuário do Ruby quando você upgrade, você tem as regras, os packages em lugar e tudo isso funciona Então isso é pronto No package do Ruby, nós... O interpreteiro, em algum momento, foi uma discussão, eu acho, com o Marga sobre não forçar o removimento das opções do Ruby 1.8 Sim, isso é pronto Então, se você tem o Ruby 1.8, isso não vai ser removido e você vai ficar removido Então isso vai ficar aí, não vai funcionar com qualquer coisa que se for provada, mas isso vai ficar aí Eu esperava que isso iria se retirar Não, ele foi retirado da archívina já Se você está... Mas você não foi removido Sim, sim, isso vai ficar aí se você tiver Se você tiver exclusivamente instalado e não ter a alternativa dependência do Ruby metapackage Então, você só vai ficar aí Então, no package dentro, nós só removimos Foi muito bom o trabalho do Cedric A integração de testes de auto package Então todos nossos packages agora Freshly created packages Have auto package test integration by default And for new packages, very easy Just running DH make Ruby On the existing package You need to add the missing files And maybe we'll be able to Run the auto package test for every package Even without a new source uploads So, I'm going to figure out how to do that With the auto package test maintainers So, even though we want to do source uploads anyway To make sure everything is in place We would be able to benefit from automated tests All the time, more 500 packages for free So, I'm probably going to do that And on the coordination side We both tasks done by Cedric So, thank you very much Cedric for listening So, we are having more or less monthly meetings On IRC for having progress And looking over painting stuff and discussing And that's being very helpful We also had a team sprinting January in Paris Very nice as well It was co-located with the Paris MiniDebcon Very nice And we probably want to do that again Because it's so useful That's where we figure out how the upgrade stuff was going to work So, that's a lot of stuff And now the stuff we still need to do On the interpreter side I had an idea to make RubyGent integration Make RubyGent install to the home directory by the foe If the user doesn't have permission to write To slash vise, slash lib, slash gems, whatever So, that's... We will go back to these items I just mentioned them very quick We need to figure out What to do for multi-arch So, the dependency change that makes All an arcany packages We have to have the right flags there To make sure it works with multi-arch We need to check upstream support for Ruby 2.1 And make sure we are good for the lifetime of Jesse I would like to have feedback on an experiment I posted on email a few days ago Called Ruby standalone Which is a way of installing the Ruby interpreter from Debian And being able to use that without any of the Debian packages So, if your upstream Has versions that are... If your upstream project You want to sell a web application like GitLab Discourse You cannot satisfy the dependency with Debian You can just use that thing to Use the interpreter from Debian But the package from RubyGent We need to decide whether we want to backport Ruby 2.1 too easy Or if in general we want to keep Backports of the latest interpreter for the latest table And how to do that without breaking everything And if it's useful if people want to have Backport of the latest Head commit for upstream interpreter There also to do items on the Alternative interpreters I didn't see much movement on this front To be honest, so I don't know if something's gonna happen there My impression is that Rubinho seems to be compatible with most things But he just didn't caught up Maybe because MRI is doing much better In... With the non-Japanese developers So people are getting inside the core team More easily And it seems to be working Even people who work on Rubinho are there So... And then there's something like Rubinho's 2.0 That's like changing everything Like being handled like an experiment So... I was working on Rubinho's packaging To be honest, I'm not very interested anymore And for JRubi, I have no idea About finishing a transition to a new Ruby policy We have to Finish the last few packages I think it's very few, right? Mostly non-team packages Have the transition I think it's mostly because we don't have Real... Ok So... And that brings us to the next point Which is updating the Ruby policy package I mean, in the context of the Auto package test Development That specification is going to move to the devian policy And also, I think we should probably do the same All this Like, the pill policy is already there So we should probably do that as well And on the packaging side A couple of... Yeah, we have to like the fake Auto package test integration To make sure we can have auto package test support Even before uploading the 500 soft packages We maintain There's a lot of bugs to fix on gentleness And most of them are good We want to start contributing Most of the service is not hard To do items The git repository is probably very outdated And also a solution for Automatically build and ship developer docs I think Per was working on that I'm not sure on the status On the coordination Organizing a periodic sprint So, Cedric had a last night a note here If you want to do the next one Close to the dev confUK Or the mini dev confUK Or Foslin And code review I'm not sure what this means I have been in some discussions That come here That they want to use for code review And I see that On actual access We regularly do some sort of code review Because we have many people in team That kind of code review And the customers Would need to get it to help us do that I personally don't do any code reviews On actual access But people have been good In the dev network He doesn't work so well for the dev packaging Because it's quite difficult Because it's always a bunch I'm not sure it's the best tool But maybe we can use it Just document it exactly Or we need to use it It's quite interesting Yeah There are a bunch of outreach actions here Like doing PR Basically Creating a task cell test for Ruby development We still didn't have anyone doing that And a bunch of things about documentation Basically we circuit maintaining documentation So we have Ok, so yeah We went over the list Now we can Do we discuss the easy things first? Or the hard things first? There was a little bit of feedback from IRC Both to you I don't know what to say That Ruby use Not master package Because it was split into many gems Right There was that Then somebody also asked To speak closer to a microphone And he replied in IRC And he said that Before the jessi freeze Would be cool Before the jessi freeze That's a little bit difficult The meeting that comes up is in October November So that's right on top of the freeze So yeah, about the Maybe we can discuss that first Sorry It is We just don't have speakers But it's on for the stream So I'm wondering if it sends the right message To organize a sprint in November In the freeze In November I'm not sure the status Of the Ruby team But we are It's fine I don't think we are too bad Even the size The launching We are actually missing So for our seed bags Mostly the launching we are missing Is like grades And it's not on the list Can you comment on the status first? Yes So Reios 4 is on a state point testing We are just missing one package In the new queue To make sure the smoke test For Reios pass Back to back And it's not even a Very important package Like a documentation But it's required By the default gen file I should probably talk to Paul Here to see if he wants to do more New processing During the outcome But then If you need a specific package You can just go to women Explain why it's important Okay When that's in Then Reios 4 is The full stack is completely fine Another good news Last night I was able to make Red Mine work with Reios 4 So we need I think 3 or 4 packages In the new queue And new upstream versions Of other 3 or 4 packages But Red Mine is working So Yeah, then we I think Red Mine is the main dependency Reios dependency we have Revest dependency So we should be fine By the time of the freeze Yeah, so then for the sprint But then also Yeah, I think I think we have to look at The maintenance dashboard See the volume Of RC bugs And if there's lots of them Maybe it's useful to have a sprint Even if it's close to the sprint To the freeze I was wondering if we I was wondering if we I was wondering if we Couldn't just Do some kind of What to make it With the GEMs prepared Websites I think there's one for half packages That comes from aircraft To data packages And maybe that's something that Would work quite well To generate Data files with all GEMs Of course some of them will be broken We require manual tuning That would be a nice way To Enforce To push them To generate The data alternatives To the GEMs Yeah, there was something doing that In the past I think Gunnar Did a blog post on something related to that I think it was some company That had a service for that But I think they disappeared Yeah, me and your ride They were trying to do the whole Well, it was not yet The GEMs But the previous iteration Yeah, maybe six years ago Yeah Yeah, I think we Yeah, that's something that seems to be doable If that works, does that work? I can't hear anything Cool Yeah I'm going to sell the members Ok Yes Sorry, no, thinking about this idea By Lucas, if we start doing Automated GEM to them website It may even be set in a A DEB Like in a repository way As an after repository Yeah, yeah I mean, maybe on demand Do you request one GEM and it gets other Well, that's it I think the Ruby GEMs are pretty big We don't want to do everything Most of crap there And also, you know, different versions Yeah, we don't want to convert All of the Ruby GEMs And also, you know Different applications are going to have You know, many different Version requirements for Ruby GEMs We would also have to Maybe do all the versions So that gets even worse And also, I don't know How frequently we should like Look at everything And maybe throw some packages Out of the archive Because that upstream Or superseded or not recommended Because I think we have a bunch Of leaf libraries That actually we could just ditch Probably is too After free, also I don't know Yeah, I think that's a general problem Does anybody know how other teams do that? I mean, spotting Dead-up teams Just someone doing their work All the time I don't think there's a Non-manual way to do that Yeah, well, there are several metrics We could take to help us Decide on that For example, looking at Crossing that with last upload times I mean, that can start pointing to Well, something maybe Not surely So, should we go to the list now? Okay So, James Tao to home directory If the user is not root So, the only We in Christian discussions And the only problem that seems to happen It's not really a problem But it's an issue Makes us different from other OSes So, Fedora does that by default Since some time already So, if you are not root And you do James Tao It will install to your home directory by default But Can you explain what happens with Bandler? So, the main concern Is basically Bandler Which On other OSes Except like Fedora, probably Notices that you're not root And if you cannot write Into the system jam directory It will spawn sudo for you And it will see if that works And if it doesn't Then it will give you a nice error message That says you need to install Into a non-system location And you need to do that I think Most of the Like Rails, tutorials And whatever on the internet That you can just run Bandl install something And then you will end up with The jams in the system location And the jams stop files In use local bin So everything will be in your path afterwards And I think that would break I've always used Bandler with the I think it's like vendor Flag The one that puts every Dependency in a single repository E then we make that the default And problem solved I mean the idea that these things Call sudo is a bit I hate it Yeah that's actually a fair point I agree that it's You know It's in an ideal world It shouldn't run sudo But You know it's the vain now Didn't they add this sudo thing Exactly because of us No, I think they If everyone else uses their RVM They install to the home directory anyway And we are Probably the ones pushing for Installing to the system location By default I know At least OS X It will default to the system location If you do not use RVM Ok I don't know how many people Use Bandler without using RVM So if you have feedback on that I mean this Also Placing to the question Should we have root standard launch Should we have Ruby backboards Because if nobody is ever using The system interpreter for Doing development work Then We can just stop caring For these things What are you using So my development platform is DBM And I'm producing software That I want to get packaged in DBM Because I don't want to Have to juggle with You know, updating versions all the time So If I can, I'm actually trying to To target stable And if I can't, I'll target packages That I think I can backport That's a very specific position Of someone doing a bit of upstream Ruby development But it's also mainly a DBM developer But I believe It is also A way to not Have so many headaches Yeah, that's what I do too I don't think it's useful to Backport the interpreter But Using So I really don't like AVM Also Because But The bundle With the vendor directory It's like a mini AVM And It's like building a shitload Of stuff In your home So there was a reasonable compromise To me I don't know When you do that Which bundle Does it If there are Packages already installed System-wide Does it duplicate those packages In your Okay So It's for Developed machines We sometimes use Ruby If it's It's possible We take it from the operating system From DBM Or from Sentos But there are plenty applications Still not being fully supported By Ruby 2.1 For instance That's why Very often we compile from scratch Ruby Because it's not really difficult And then we use bundler And we never use Gems From Operating system From DBM We We always Do it on the fly And Even in production For every release We do Bundle install So when we switch Between releases It's really safe Because If I change Ruby version And I release New version of application I want to have The full set Of gems In the application In the new release Of my application Directory And it means that If something breaks I can Really quickly switch back To the Alt release I understand you That you're not using Our bundle So in In our case We have a DBM only infrastructure And we're using Actually The DBM package Right now And Plus a couple of patches For the Garbage collector Which Will be unnecessary In 2.1 As far as I understand So we We're really trying To push the developers Towards using As many System packages As possible As many distribution packages As possible But that's not always The case The use bundler They have locks On specific Gem versions Which is something like Inherently Almost inherently Incompatible With the way We do versioning Right So I think that It's very Very difficult to Provide Like packages That can satisfy everyone And get rid of bundler As far as The Backward is concerned I think it would ease Transition to Jesse So that we could Eventually Start switching To Ruby 2.1 Before upgrading The whole system To Jesse And see that the application works But I don't know If that would be Reason enough For the overhead Of back porting Things I mean For us it would be perfect Because we could Get rid of the Custom patches We have right now In place of the garbage Collector Because they're not needed To one anymore But I'm not sure How many people Would actually Use a Ruby interpreter From back ports right now I mean I could Try the back port I haven't seen What Actually is required For the back port I suppose we have to Make it work with update Alternatives And so on To be compatible With Weasy versions right now I could invest Some forth there Okay Yeah, our idea was to Not Integrative Ruby alternatives And just create The binaries The 2.1 Perfect suffix And then If you want to use That by default You can just create Ruby Because On Weasy Most of the binaries Most of the binaries Is to use User being a Ruby As Shebangline So It's going to use Whatever Ruby you have On your path And since None of the Ruby libraries On Weasy Will support Ruby 2.1 Then everything Will explode For just You are In a better position Because most binaries Already use User being Ruby So they They should use So the The idea of the Backport If we do that To Not provide In the path By default In the path So Maybe we can Provide some directory With the Same links already made That you can add To your path Or call directly If you want But we are not planning To integrate with How easy The alternative Ruby Because Everything Yeah So you said You always use Ruby from source Depends We use A little from scratch For bitnaming Ruby It's just built Everything is built From scratch We don't depend On the operating system It's mostly because We want to be independent Of We are running Different applications Ruby applications And some of them They still use Ruby 1.8 Some of them 1.9 Etc So it's just safer For us For now For instance What I would expect From the From the For Lightning distribution Is just to have Ruby interpreter Like really Well done And different versions So I can switch And I don't care That much about Ruby gems Gems in general Because I can always Use them With bundler rights And I don't know if Other guys use But you do care To have the interpreter From the OS I mean If possible If possible I could use it Yeah Yeah And in development I try to I try to I try to do it Because it's not One part is web development Other part is I mean we Ruby developers We also built Some tools In Ruby So I want to have Ruby In the system From the system Yeah So the idea of Ruby Stand alone Is to be able To install Ruby From the OS And then Even if you have Stuff like Vagrant Or Red Mine Or Anything else That's a Ruby application Packaged by Debian You can still use Your application And your application Won't see Any of the dependencies Of those guys Like Chef brings A lot A whole lot of dependencies And then If you use Ruby Stand alone It will use the Interpreter on the system But that interpreter Will not see All the other Libraries installed So then you have A clean environment For applications And that's That's something I would use Myself If I have For instance to Contribute to some upstream Project that has Completely crazy versions I could use that Because I don't want To be building Ruby from source Every time And then just Have a clean environment There and then use Install whatever Your upstream needs For me to Write a patch Okay Just a final note When we started this Anyway Where I work We're basically running A big Rails application That's our main business So when we Started some years ago We were using Ruby Enterprise Which means Completely out of Tree stuff The fact that we're now Only have a single patch On top of the Debian package Which will also Probably go away With 2.1 I think it's a very Big success For Debian right now And I mean For us I would like to be Able to use only System packages It's Clear for us For the security support And because there's no reason To do duplicate work Actually Work actually I would much prefer To invest my time in Debian Rather than package And maintain things Just for our own use Yeah, that's what We try to do most of the time So we We already have Readymind So everything that Readymind depends on Is there There's people Working on Diaspora So I think Diaspora is quite close To finishing So they have 80% Or 90% Of the Debian package Which is quite a lot Because It was Absurd number of packages And we have Also people working on GitLab I think GitLab should be At 60% Or something So everything That's in the dependency chain Of those applications Is already available Plus The stuff that Chef needs The vagrant needs The puppet needs And all that Kind of stuff So I think we are Que isso vai ser muito legal Eu acho que 5 minutos Há 5 minutos 5 minutos? Wow Ok Naquele momento Chef Se alguém quer usar Chef Ele precisará ajudar As packages Eu acho que são muito Outros E não são só Se você quer usar Chef Eu tentarei Contar o container De novo E de novo 3 anos E de novo Eu acho que Eu acho que precisamos Não, não Eu era o Chef Espera aí Eu era o Chef E foi fácil E funcionava bem Então precisamos fixar isso Ok Se alguém tem Comentos De outros itens Na nossa lista Se alguém quer trabalhar Comentos Especialmente na política Documentação Cham the Dab Eu acho que Cham the Dab Principalmente Em pontos específicos Que as pessoas Justamente tem que olhar O BTS E escolher O Bugs Para trabalhar Eu acho que Nós não temos que decidir Agora no spring Mas nós podemos discutir O que é mais Comentos Eu acho que Muitas outras pessoas Estão procurando isso Por outros itens O plano para o aspecto É para E depois O J.C. Para o 3.0 Sim Isso vai dar Muita pena Sim Mas O aspecto E a dependência de desenvolvimento Talvez Podemos ter as duas versões E Não é ideia Mas É menos pena Se nós temos Um testa de bagagem Ou um testa de bagagem O que é mais? Sim Se você quiser Podemos tentar Rebuildar A mass-rebuildada Com um Podemos tentar Rebuildar a mass-rebuildada De todos os Packages dependendo do aspecto Depois de se upgradear E ver como também O que é mais Porque nós não temos Uma boa estimação agora, certo? Sim Não Não O Lucas me disse Que ainda tinha dinheiro No Amazon Que foi usado para fazer a mass-rebuildada Sim Ok Sim, eu acho que Nós podemos aflorar o aspecto Para experimentar e Rebuildar tudo Eu acho que Nós... Tem algum feedback do IRC? Sim, tem algum feedback do IRC Para o aspecto Katelyn Diz Que... Sim, sim Então Ela fez Um monte de trabalho para Rebuildar o aspecto 3 E Cedric diz Que Ele espera que a mass-rebuildada Basicamente Diz que 50% dos Packages vão falhar Sim E Jonas, antes, disse Que Ele perdeu um Package em GitLab Então, eu acho Se você quer ver GitLab E também precisa ajudar Sim Ok Nós temos 1 minuto para ir Então, vamos abrir a sessão Eu acho que nós tivemos Muito bom feedback Eu não acho que As notas se refletem Mas nós sempre podemos ver E gravar as notas Sim, isso é tudo Então, obrigado a todos E... Vamos Ok, obrigado


Hi, I'm Denshi, and in today's video I'm going to show you how to download and compile your very own customized Linux kernel. The first thing you're going to want to do is go to the kernel.org website which is linked in the description right here, which contains obviously the Linux kernel archive. We're going to right click over here on the latest release and copy a link address. Then we're going to go to our terminal, whichever terminal emulator you use, and I'm going to use the WGet tool to download this exact file. Now this is a tarball that contains all the source code for the latest Linux kernel build. All right. So it's now untarred. Tar, xvf, then linux, whatever it may be, dot tar dot xc. That's going to uncompress this tarball to this directory. As you can see, there is a lot of stuff in the kernel, so this may take a while. All right. So now that we're done downloading and extracting the kernel, let's take a look at how we can actually compile and customize it. So if we go into the Linux directory that we just created, you'll see that there's a lot of things here. The thing you want to pay attention to is the .config file, which if you do ls-a, as you can see is not present at the moment because we still have to create it. This kernel is customized through the .config file, which tells the compiler what to compile in and what not to compile in. This includes things like kernel modules and core kernel functions and customizing them to your needs. So there's various ways of generating that .config file. There's ways of doing that automatically. There's ways of just downloading ones that are pre-made on the internet. But today we're going to make our very own from scratch. So we're going to want to run make menu config, which creates an interactable and curses menu for us to customize our kernel. I'm also going to pass a DAFJ12 flag over here to make sure that it's using as many cores as possible when compiling. You normally want to set the number to the amount of threads on your computer. All right. So now that we've ran make menu config, we can finally customize our kernel with this interactive screen. So we're going to begin in general setup. And there's a lot of things you can customize about the kernel here. Now there's a few things at the top like compile drivers, which also will not load and things that most of these options are generally arbitrary not needed. Like for example, the default init path, this kind of stuff is set pretty much by a distribution. You don't need to add this. The kernel is enough to have control over that. However, we can change the kernel compression mode, which changes how the binary of the kernel is compressed to boot a little faster. So ZSD is generally the least compressed. So we're going to select that by pressing space or enter.  You can go over here and go to, we can also disable auditing support. Go to the timer subsystem. We can change the time to handling. So this one over here is better for battery because it actually disables the timer to completely shuts it down when the CPU doesn't need it. And this one is better for performance because it keeps the timer constantly, constantly ticking. So we're going to select that one pressing space and we can disable these two configurations as they are no longer needed. You can go down here and change a few other things about the system. Like for example, in CPU test time, it says accounting. We can disable BSD process accounting and a few other things probably here. But I'm going to keep these enabled to be safe. The kernel log buffer size, CPU kernel log buffer and temporary per CPU print K log buffer size. Now I've seen a few people set these to as low as 15, 15 and 12. I'm going to go for a little preemptive 16. I'm going to go for 15 here, not 115, 15. And I'm going to set this one to 11 is probably going to be fine. Or maybe no, I'll do 13. That's a little better. Now going on over here, there is an important option. This is the init ram FS. Now this may be needed if you need to add modules that are kernel, like for example, NVIDIA stuff. However, you obviously don't need it for every single type of compression because we're only compressing with the aforementioned Z STD. So I'm going to disable all of these and only keep the regular init ram FS. And that's pretty much it for this section of the kernel. All right. So for processor type and features, this is where you customize things directly for the CPU. There's a lot of options here. All you want to do is enable the Intel ones and disable the AMD ones or do the opposite if you're on AMD, of course. We're going to go to processor family and changes to whatever model you have. So if you're on AMD stuff, you'd pick this over here. If you have an Intel CPU newer than Core 2 or newer Xeon, then select this, which is me in my case. And if you have an Intel item, you select that one. All right, maximum number is CPUs. This actually can be changed as well. I don't have 64 cores. It definitely will probably never have 64 threads. So I'm going to do 12. There's a few other options over here. Like for example, enable maximum number of SMP processors and NUMA nodes. You don't need that. And multi-core schedule support. I do need this because I have quite a lot of cores. However, if you have like an only two core system or something, you could think of disabling this. Going down here, we can disable AMD microcode loading support. You want to keep the MSR and CPU ID options enabled because they might actually help with certain programs that do use that kind of stuff. Like for example, mining software. And you should keep NUMA memory allocation support because that also can help with some software that uses it. Even if all your core is shared the same memory bus, this might still be useful. Five-level paging support, we can disable this. Now, I know Mental Outlaw mentioned this in his kernel video. And I think a few other kernel videos also mentioned this. But this is basically unneeded. You're probably never going to want to need this. Maximum NUMA nodes, six would probably be okay. You probably can go with lower, if not no NUMA at all in some cases. Over here, there's EFI support. I'm going to keep this on because I use a UEFI system. Memory protection keys, these are for your security. However, if you don't want the slight tiny overhead from these, you can disable them. The KExec system call, you're probably going to want to need this if you want to install things like NVIDIA drivers or other drivers that aren't directly in the kernel. However, if you're not going to be doing that, you can probably disable it. All right, so that was it for CPU type and features. Let's go to power management and ACPI options. This is Pentagram. You're probably going to want this. If you're on a laptop, I want to save battery. I'm going to disable it. And there's a few other things like hibernation, obviously. And you might want to go to CPU frequency scaling and enable a few things here. For example, if you're on a laptop and want to use tools to change your performance governor, then you can change it to power save or user space or on demand or whatever. There's all these options. I'm going to disable this because I'm not going to use this. However, if you are on a laptop or other devices, then know that you can change your CPU profile. And I'm going to enable the CPU idle driver for Intel processors just in case. All right, so when it comes to bus options, there's pretty much nothing to do in here. So we could ignore the default. Then in binary emulation, as you can see, not much to really customize here so we can get out of that and just leave it as default. Firmware drivers, once again, not much here. However, if you are on a Google device, you can enable Google firmware drivers if for some reason you want that. So what do you do? Virtualization, I'm going to disable this. I'm not really going to be running a lot of virtual machines. I don't need it. However, if you do wish to run virtual machines and Keymoon stuff and do enable this. General architecture dependent options. Once again, not much here, but this generally can be kept the same unless you know what you're doing with GCC and want to customize things here or whatever. Enable loadable module support. We can basically keep this as default, not really much that you can change here. I know in mental outlaw, I know in mental outlaws video he does forced module loaning and disables it. However, I don't really think it has a huge difference when it comes to performance. That's mostly a thing that's useful when administrating a system. The IO scheduler is once again, not much to look at here. With enable the block layer, there are a few things you can disable here like for example, block layer debugging. Now I know mental outlaw mentioned this in this video and you want to disable this because once again, it's bloat. It's only really needed for kernel developers, as you can see. And so it's not really useful. That goes for a lot of these log modules. They're only really useful if you're going to be debugging the kernel, which most people don't do. So you can pretty much disable most debugging options unless you're a little bit paranoid. And with IO schedulers, once again, we can just leave this as default. Most of these options are pretty much not going to change much. Executable file formats, we can leave this as default. Memory management options. We can also leave this as default. I'm not an expert in this area. So I literally have little idea of what you could change here for performance. Networking support. Here you could disable different things. If you want Bluetooth support, you could enable it here. However, I'm not going to be building it in, so I'm going to disable that. We will take a look at how you can disable wireless drivers later on. If you go to networking options, you can't customize this very low level internet stuff. However, I'm definitely not going to go through and do this because I'd probably mess something completely up. All right, now device drivers, this is the big one. Here you can disable and enable drivers for different devices, as the name implies. And there's a lot of things you can enable and disable and a lot of bloat is located here because there's just a lot of devices that Linux supports. So PC card, we can disable that. Now scroll down here to MVME support. I'm going to enable this because I have an MVME drive. You can enable all these different options because I do use it. And with miscellaneous devices, you want to make sure that any of these things you don't need are disabled. I'm keeping them all disabled because I don't need any of these weird things. Now go into the SCSI device support. You can go over here and enable asynchronous SCSI scanning. I've tested it myself and yes, the Linux kernel boots faster under that option. Now going down over here to serial, ADA and parallel ADA drivers, you should basically keep this the same. However, there are a few things you might want to disable depending on your drive, but it should generally be okay just keeping this the same. And when it comes to multiple device support, this refers to things like RAID and LVM. I don't have any kind of RAID drive so I can disable this. However, if you do, you can go through there and customize things. We can disable Macintosh device drivers as they do not use them. Go to network device support and disable things you're not going to be using. Like for example, I'm going to go over here. I'm going to completely disable wireless LAN, which I do not need. Alongside USB network adapters because I also don't need those. And I'm going to disable network console logging support as you might not strictly need that. You might also want to enable the wire guard secure network tunnel if you're using that kind of VPN. Some VPNs need this. So make sure to enable it just in case if you're going to be using a VPN. All right, so down to input device support, you can disable a few things here. I'm going to completely disable all touch screens, miscellaneous devices and tablets as they do not use them. You can disable things specifically in keyboards and mice. However, keeping these on will generally be a little bit safer. All right, now going down over here, you can disable all USB support if you want that for some reason, but you can go over here and enable multimedia support. You're going to need this if you're going to be playing certain sounds and my sound card completely doesn't work without this. So I definitely need the same. Now going to graphics support, here you can disable a few things like for example, maximum number GPUs. I'm going to make this two as I have my integrated one and of course my graphics and my laptop. And because of that, I'm going to enable the laptop hybrid graphics which are needed. Make sure to enable the ADI radio and our AMD GPU drivers if you are on those but I'm not on those. And if you're on video and you want to use the open source drivers for whatever reason, then enable this Nouveau driver. However, I'm not going to be using that. So it's going to be okay for me. I'm going to be using the proprietary one. All right, so going to sound card support. There are a few things you want to enable here. So I'm going to go to PCI sound devices and enable your sound card because if it's not enabled here, you're not going to get sound. My case is one of these Intel ones. I'm just going to enable all of them and that should be it for sound card support. When it comes to USB support, you can disable a few things here. However, I'm not going to touch this because I don't want my USB is to be completely done for. And then going down here, keep going there's accessibility support if you need that kind of stuff and you can enable it over here. And this section might be important, the X86 platform specific device drivers. In here, you'll find options for specific devices that you might actually need for certain laptops or certain desktop computers that have like quirks or nuances about them. So if you know that your device specifically has something odd about it, then enable stuff here. I'm going to enable the Dell stuff because I'm using a Dell laptop. As you can see, all of these little laptop extras and stuff I'm going to enable except the freefall driver because I don't have that in my system. So things like updating the BIOS for Dell devices and stuff. Because Dell is very friendly to Linux, because Dell is very friendly to Linux, these sort of things are included in the Linux kernel. All right, so there is also platform support for Goldfish devices, support for Chrome hardware and Melanox hardware, you might need this of course. I'm going to disable the Microsoft Surface stuff because I don't need that. Going to the bottom, most of the stuff you're probably not going to need at all. In the Android section, you might want to build in some Android drivers just in case you're going to be dealing with your system and its file system and stuff. All right, so that's pretty much it for device drivers. That was the big part of customizing the kernel. It's probably going to save us a lot of RAM. And now we're going to go to file systems. And in here, you can pretty much keep everything generally the same, except we're going to disable miscellaneous and network file systems. You need network file systems to use systems like Samba and other things on the network. And you need miscellaneous systems for specific file systems that some may need and most really don't, so I'm going to go out of there. Now, when it comes to security options, there are a few things in here that you can customize. However, I wouldn't be to, you know, touch you with this sort of section. I'm just going to ignore it. Cryptographic API, once again, same with security. I wouldn't mess around here because you're probably going to compromise something. And LiveBee routine is the same thing here. I generally, I wouldn't touch this. Finally, in kernel hacking, you can enable things like specific logs or tracing for the kernel, but I'm not going to enable any of that because I don't need that. I'm not a kernel developer. All right, so it's done. We've configured the Linux kernel. We can now go over to the save section, press enter, press okay, press exit, and then we're going to exit over here. So just like that. And now we can finally compile our kernel. So to compile that, we're going to run a few commands. We're going to begin by running make-j12 to compile the actual kernel. Then we're going to run sudo make modules install-j12. So it compiles the kernel modules and installs them. Then after this, we're going to manually copy over the kernel to our boot directory. So we can actually boot to it. And then we're going to update our bootloader accordingly. But in the meantime, just let this run. It will take a while to compile. The Linux kernel is quite large. And I'll see you in a few minutes. Okay, so as you can see, the kernel is now done compiling. And most importantly, those modules are also installed. So it says over here that arch x86 bootpz image is ready. So that's the actual kernel. That's the binary of the kernel. And in fact, we can go and copy this over to our boot directory and give it a new name. So if you list out your boot directory, you'll see there's a file called vmlinus and vmlinus linux. So this over here is your current kernel. Probably, it might be named something else. We're going to give it a custom name. So we're going to copy over sudo cp arch x86. This is relative to the local directory. And we're going to copy it over to slash boot vmlinus. And we're going to give it a name linux alex. That's going to be alex linux. Now we're going to press enter. And as you can see, it's copied over. And finally, after copying the linux kernel image to the boot directory, we're going to reconfigure our boot loader. So we're going to do sudo grub mkit config and dash o to send an output to this file over here. We're going to press enter. And as you can see, it found the linux image over here. Now we're going to reboot. I'm going to switch the kernel in the grub menu and I'm going to open it up here. One thing to note before we do any of this is to check our RAM usage to compare it between before and after. So if we do free dash h, just your current memory usage is 1.6, give you bytes, which is probably caused by a combination of me recording and doing other things. So let's take a look at how that changes once we go in the other kernel. All right, I'm booted back with my new customized kernel. Just going to do uname dash h to check. Yeah, there we go. 5.12.10, which is not the same as the one installed on my system. So if I check that one, see that this one over here is 5.12.9 and also arch because the arch linux one. So let's check our resource usage. And as you can see, it's relatively low compared to the previous one, which was 1.6 or so and this one's 989 megabytes. Now, obviously this isn't a perfectly fair comparison. This isn't a magic benchmark that means that, yeah, your system's going to run 1,000 times faster because you did a custom kernel. However, when it comes to saving memory and especially on systems with low memory, this sort of customization can really help. And if you're in a really competitive space or something where you really need as much power as possible and customizing your linux kernel to remove a lot of features might be a good idea. And in my opinion, it's the one thing that really counts when it comes to custom compile. Anyways, I hope you enjoyed this video I made on how to compile your very own linux kernel. I've been Denshi. Goodbye.


Hi, my name is Eric, and I live in Minneapolis, and I am a technical consultant. I decided to take the program because I had been doing some online dating and just wasn't happy with what was happening, it just seemed like when I met people it wasn't quite what I expected. So I wanted to improve my skills in meeting women in social situations so that we could get to know each other a little bit better before deciding to move forward. I chose AOC because I had heard from Jordan on another podcast and decided to contact him and get some tips and we got to talking about the program and after discussing what my speaking points were and so forth, I decided that it sounded like a great idea and I decided to move forward with it. Yes, I was skeptical at first. I knew that AOC had an excellent reputation and so I knew it would be helpful, but before you actually do it, it's hard to imagine what you're going to be like after doing a transformational program, especially one that includes so many different parts of life. While I was out in LA doing the program, there was definitely a lot of emotions that I went through. It was good to meet a lot of great guys, so every guy who was involved in the program was a really super dude and it was also good to challenge myself, but with that, of course, requires some uncomfortable situations or things that you're not normally used to. Luckily, with the support of the coaches and the other guys, I felt like I was able to move through that quite a bit and do a lot of things which I didn't think would be possible or hadn't ever done before. Well, my favorite moment of the program was when we split up into teams and we each did a scavenger hunt, so this was kind of after quite a bit of other work and so it was kind of an easy, relatively easy, let's say, fun thing where you're working together with other guys that you've been hanging out with that week and just cruising around, getting clues and making other people laugh and smile and just generally lifting everyone's mood when you meet. Before the AOC, I had been doing some work to try to improve my social skills on my own. However, signing up for it made it real like, okay, A, I need to get ready to do this camp in a couple months because, you know, I've already put the money down, so this is definitely going to happen and, you know, so I've committed to it and so it just makes everything up to that point easier because, you know, okay, got to get going, get the prep work done, then during it, you're getting a support system of coaches who have been out in the field for a really long time and know all the kind of different ways to handle social situations, the things to look for, any potential problems, they'll talk you through them. So that's one thing I couldn't have done by myself and then also having a support system afterwards of guys who are also trying to improve themselves, improve their life, you know, that makes things a lot easier than just trying to do everything by yourself. Yeah, I use what I learn literally every day, so even down to if I'm running up in the elevator with someone, I'll try to say something, you know, at least make them laugh or say something to get a conversation going, brighten their day up a little bit. These days I go out a lot more than I used to, so I go to happy hours, different kind of social events, business networking, I'm out at least three or four nights a week with friends or meeting new people and so my social life is astronomically better than it used to be. I would definitely recommend the program to anyone who wants to improve their social skills, so it gives you some very clear notes and ideas about how to proceed. So without the help of the program, if you want to improve your social skills there might be resources out there but there's a lot of different things to consider and do your own research and then implement them, figure out whether you're doing them right. Whereas if you sign up for the program, all that has already been done, all you need to do is actually do it yourself and you know that there's been hundreds, if not thousands of guys who have done the exact same thing before and have worked and it's worked for and so you have confidence that if you just go through the steps then you'll get the changes. So before I started the program, you know, I knew about AOC as a company but once I really got in I learned what great guys all the coaches in the AOC program are and they actually really care about you quite a bit and they know how to help you and what your particular problems are so they've dealt with hundreds of guys and while everyone's different there's probably patterns that they see a lot and so you know they can definitely help you to improve what you are what you need and I really respect all the coaches in the AOC program and would listen to them for guidance and really appreciate the fact that they are in my life.


All right. Good morning, everybody. This is Wednesday, January 19th. And we are here this morning on age 96. Age 96 was introduced to us last year as a short form bill. And it was introduced as a short form bill because the concept of what a Truth and Reconciliation Commission had not yet been fully discussed or developed. And we wanted to get the conversation started, especially in conjunction or to follow the idea of the apology, which happened. And now we're at a position following up that apology with other actions, which may include a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, may include other issues that are in bills that are before us. But we're beginning work on this. So I wanted to bring back the two sponsors. Representative Colson is with us in 3D. Representative Christie is with us via Zoom. I think what we'll do, Representative Colson, just because this is really the first 3D meeting, you're like the first outside witness. Sure. I'd like to go around the room. It's a tradition to introduce everybody in the room while we're here. So we'll start with Representative Byron, and then we'll do the people on the room and then the people on the screen. And then we'll get going. All right, come on. Representative Matt Byron, Virginia, Representative Northwest Addison County. Good to see you. Good to be here. Good morning. I'm Representative Lisa Hango, and I represent the Northern border of Vermont, Highgate, Franklin, Berkshire, and Richford. I'm Representative Bloomley, and I represent the South End of Burlington. Representative Hal Colston, I represent Winooski, and a sliver of Burlington. Representative Joe Parsons, I represent Gary Thompson. John Blasek, I represent Elton. Good seeing you again. Good to see you. And Coach Christie. Representative Barbara Murphy, I serve Airfax, Franklin too. Representative Steven Serbs, I represent Waterbury, Volta, Huntington, and Buells Gore. Representative Kalanke, from South Burlington. Welcome, everybody. Representative Triano, he's reading. Representative Walls. Thank you so much. Oh, you're muted. Two clicks. Representative Walls, representing Berry City. And Representative Howard. Good morning. I'm Representative Mary Howard, and I represent the Southwest part of Rutland City. And Representative Christie. Representative Kevin Coach Christie, representing Hartford, and the five villages therein. Thank you. Okay, that's a bit of an awkward way of going around the room. We'll acclimate. I think, yeah, I think the difference between us, you know, before times and Zoom times is simply that in Zoom, everybody's already identified. But here we are just in the room. So welcome, Representative Colston. If you'd like to just, as a kind of a sponsor, co-sponsor with Coach Christie, if you could just take us through kind of a reintroduction to what your vision of this bill is. Sure. And then we'll have, we do have a version of amendment to the short form. And the attorney, Damian, is here with us to walk through it. Great. Well, thank you for having me. And as the chair of Stevens stated, this bill started out as a short form bill. And the intent was to be able to eventually stand up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. In this earliest design, the thought was to have a development task force that would explore what this might look like, make recommendations for future legislation. But once the bill came to this committee, there was a concerted effort to really look at, well, what would it take just to stand up the commission, as opposed to going through extra steps, time, and resources? The reason that I think this bill is important, we're already seeing proposed bills to deal with reparations. And even in Burlington, there's some strong efforts underway to deal with reparations, but regardless of chattel slavery. So I think eventually this body will be tasked with going down that path. And I believe it's important to establish the why, why is this needed, reparations. And I think a Truth and Reconciliation process will bring voices together. Those who have been harmed by our systemic systems of racism and discrimination to have a deeper understanding of the harm that's been caused and what might be possible to repair that harm. So TRC, as we all know, had its origins in South Africa many years ago, and since then many countries and here in the US states and even cities have taken on Truth and Reconciliation processes. So that was really the intent of this bill is to establish kind of a baseline of understanding of why reparations is an important thing to consider. And I think for people to get their head wrapped around this, I think a TRC process will get us there. When the one word that always hangs up is Truth, what does it mean to determine one's Truth? I think having a space that's created to allow those voices to be heard and felt and to express their Truth with regards to the impact of our history, in particular here in Vermont, of how past policies and practices have harmed certain groups of people. And I think it's certainly important for the oppressed to share that, but more importantly for the oppressor to hear and feel and understand what was done. So that Truth becomes, I think, that kernel of hope in order for us to do something different and to do something to reconcile, to repair, to bring us together as Vermonters to move forward. And we'll hear how the draft plays out. But you did mention that there's a bunch of parallel paths, it seems, that's developing, which is one is a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. One might be reparations, one might be discrimination laws that we've taken testimony on already here. When do you view them to be linear processes? Do you have to have one before you have the other? Or do you view these things just constantly working in balance? I really think it's the latter. And I think that when our constituents start speaking out and asking and demanding that we take action, I don't think it's wise to postpone that, but to understand how that can hopefully support this effort of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission so that we can all understand how these all are connected and can take us forward if we do the work. Okay. Representative Christie, do you have words you would like to share that would compliment Representative Coulson? I think Representative Coulson did an incredible job prefacing the discussion. The only thing I'd like to add is a tale to the constituent piece. Last night, fairly late, I was on a call with several constituents from the BIPOC community, and a number of our BIPOC brothers and sisters in the state feel that yesterday wasn't soon enough to start this discussion. And growing a little weary of being patient, and as you can imagine, after 619 years, patients can run a little thin. So that would be the only addendum that I would add to our discussion. And it isn't in a mean spirited sense of the word. It's like, come on, let's get moving. We've heard it'll take time for a long time. So that was where the conversation ended last night. And I think that we're on the right path. And I hope that we can come up with a proposal from your committee that will move us forward. So thank you very much. And I really appreciate the attention that House General is giving this work. Yes, sir. If I could add, Representative Christie's comments reminded me of some words from civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer, who once said, we're sick and tired of being sick and tired. So how do we move forward and begin this healing process? I appreciate you coming in and restating the mission of the bill. I know that we've had conversations for two years now. And it's not enough to say it's not enough time. And as coach, as Representative Christie just made clear, but it's interesting. I think when we hear this draft, we'll hear the problem that we're trying to solve very clearly. So thank you for reintroducing the bill. You're welcome to stay while Damien doesn't walk through the bill. And then we'll take questions after that and have a quick discussion. And then we'll see where we go next. Mr. Chair? Yes. Before we jump off back to our respective committees, if I could just add before we get started for those who haven't been directly working in the subcommittee with House General, I'd like to thank Espresley, Chair Stevens, Representative Bloomley, and Representative Kalaki, who've been working, oh geez, over time on trying to help formulate this draft. There's been a lot of research that went into this. They've had interns doing work, the Council of State Governments has helped all of us in preparing this draft with Attorney Leonard. And also our Human Rights Commission Executive Director was actively involved in putting this document together. So it's been a Vermont effort with a lot of history from around the world actually. And we took testimony from our Native American brothers and sisters in Canada even. So I'm really proud of the work that you've done thus far. And I just needed to put a shout out to our colleagues. So thank you, Mr. Chair. All right. Thank you, Coach. Thank you, Representative Christie. I'm sorry, I'm going to get back into the formal thing here. Thank you again, Representative Colcy. You're welcome to stay or get back to, I don't know, you guys don't have much. Well, I could enjoy a break, so I'll stick around. All right. You're on government operation, as I imagine that you've worked overtime as well. So, Representative Damien, sorry, I didn't mean to. With due respect to everyone in this room, no, thank you. I'm not interested in elected office. I think the pay cut would be devastating. It's pretty gastronomic. Yeah, totally. Yeah. Thank you for the record, Damien Leonard, Legislative Council. Do you want me to go right to the amendment draft or to start with the underlying bill? If you could start with the underlying bill. We've built in time for that. All right. Let me just pull up that bill. And where's the address? It's 1.3. If you go to today's. Oh, it's in today's. Okay. Today's. Thank you. But we're doing the underlying bill first. I was introduced. All right. So I shared it on the screen as well. So this is as Representative Colston and Representative Christie mentioned, this was started out as a short form bill. And the bill proposed to create a Truth and Reconciliation Commission development task force to develop and submit to the General Assembly a proposal for legislation to create one or more Truth and Reconciliation Commissions to examine and begin the process of dismantling institutional structural and systemic discrimination in Vermont, both past and present. So that is one thing to just note here is that this looked at the possibility of a task force that would design proposals for one or more Truth and Reconciliation Commissions that would then have to be acted on by this body. The task force would be composed of both voting and non voting members with the voting members, including representatives of historically disadvantaged or and disenfranchised groups that have suffered from institutional structural and systemic discrimination in our state. And then the non voting members would have included legislative members. And the reason for this was to ensure that the voices at the table who had a vote in the final proposal put forward represented the groups that the Truth and Reconciliation Commissions were designed to help begin the process of hearing about the discrimination suffered both past and present, but then adding in non voting legislative members so that there was a voice and champions within the building here who had been participating in the process and bringing their knowledge of sort of the legislative process to the table there to help inform the conversation and then also being able to bring their participation in that conversation back into the building for when we developed the legislation. So that was the underlying proposal. Are there questions on that? I guess I have a question if that's okay. So after something would come out of this quote, it would come to the legislature and then be formed into a bill and go through the regular process of the bill? Yeah, exactly. Yeah. So very similar to what we've done in the past with issues like merging the Lottery Commission and the Department of Liquor Control where it was a big issue and there are concerns about would there be enough time in a session? So if you form a separate task force, you can just focus on that issue and then have the process sort of have a head start on that when you get back to legislative sessions so that you can form something. And so I think the draft you're going to see comes out of the conversations that occurred during the off session this year which jump started that task course's process. Yes. I have another question to follow up on that. The task force, can you remind me if that was in the resolution that we passed that task force would be formed? No, I don't think that was specifically addressed by the resolution. This was thought of as one of the further steps that would be a follow up to that resolution. And in that case, that task force, I assume, is very informal. So those meetings were not recorded or that might be a question for Representative Calston or Blumley. There wasn't a task force by name. It was the Representative Callacchi and Representative Blumley expressed an interest in working on the bill as if we were working on any other bill throughout for introduction. So it wasn't an official it wasn't an official summer study committee or summer task force. There wasn't a question being paid. This was this is work that they took on that they expressed an interest in it that I let them just said it best is what you want to do with your summer. And this is the homework, you know, this is the research that you can do. This is the work that they and then they as legislators are allowed to ask the attorney to create a bill. And that's by the end of this case, it's an amendment to this bill. So this bill really wouldn't even be necessary, H96, if the the group has already been meeting and has already come up with draft 1.3. Right. So the proposal you see in front of you would be a strike all amendment replacing the underlying draft with a task force proposal. Rather than doing the task force and then coming back with a proposal. I was asked to draft up the proposal that they came up with based on their work during the off session. And H96 was submitted last year or yeah. Okay, that that all makes sense. So it's first year of the biennium. And then just as a further side to this, so the title, the title of H96 with the Commission Development Task Force is something that will probably change with the introduction of amendments to come forward. Yeah, I'm pretty sure I remember to include a title change at the end of the amendment. But that would be something that you if you move this forward, I would recommend changing the title because otherwise it would be pretty misleading for folks who are looking to see what we did over the year and to see the development task force rather than the actual Truth and Reconciliation Commission if you move this forward. And so I think for our purposes today, if we allow Damien to walk through the bill, hold our questions to the end and then spend some time with questions on this would probably be the best, the best form for today. Okay, well, I'm going to share the amendment with you now. And this should be posted on the committee's webpage at this point. So this is a standard strike all amendment. And because it's a short form bill, there's no real text that we're striking out. So this is the standard way that we fill in text on a short form bill anyway. So it would add section one, which is an intent section providing that it's the intent of the General Assembly to establish the Vermont Truth and Reconciliation. I think that should be oh yeah Truth and Reconciliation Task Force to examine and begin the process of dismantling institutional structural and systemic discrimination in Vermont both past and present. And that it would be composed of members of historically disadvantaged racial, indigenous and tribal populations that have suffered from institutional structural and systemic discrimination. So you'll see that language is echoing below the original purpose language. Section two creates a permanent statute because this will be going on for several years rather than just for one summer. This adds chapter 25 to title one. And it would be the Truth and Reconciliation Task Force. Section 901 of that new chapter creates and establishes the task force as a body corporate and politics known as the Vermont Truth and Reconciliation Task Force to carry out the provisions of this chapter. This is standard language that we use when we're establishing an independent subdivision of the state. We use this language for the Housing and Conservation Board, the Student Assistance Corporation, etc. So this is establishing it as an independent body of the state. The Truth and Reconciliation Task Force is constituted of public instrumentality, exercising public and essential government functions, and the exercise by the task force. The power conferred by this chapter shall be deemed and held to be the performance of an essential governmental function. Again, this is the boilerplate language that we use to establish these bodies. The subsection B describes the 14 members who are currently proposed to be members of the task force. This is something that is definitely a policy question to be discussed by the Committee of Human Forward. Who would be on the task force? How many people should there be? The current proposal is for 14 members, including the Executive Director of Racial Equity or Designee, the Executive Director of the Human Rights Commission or Designee, and 12 members to be jointly appointed by the Governor, the President, Pro Tem of the Senate and the Speaker of the House. I'll pause right there just to note that that appointment structure is unusual for any state body. I am not sure if we've used it in the past. It is definitely unusual, but it is possible that you could have that structure go forward. The challenge with that is the potential if they disagree and can't reach agreement on some of the members. Just something to keep in mind, but there are a variety of ways that you can get at the appointment. This looks at joint appointment and with the idea of everybody coming together on a consensus. The first four members would represent the Native American Indian tribes that are recognized by the state pursuant to one VSA Chapter 23 with one member from each recognized tribe who would be appointed in consultation with the Commission on Native American Affairs. The second grouping here is two members who identify as Native American, but who are not members of tribes recognized by the state pursuant to one VSA Chapter 23. Then the final six individuals are six individuals with experience working to implement racial justice reforms or representing communities of color in Vermont who shall be appointed in consultation with the Legislative Social Equity Caucus. Just backing up here, the first four members are in consultation with the Commission on Native American Affairs. The last six are in consultation with the Legislative Social Equity Caucus and the middle two are selected without consultation with outside bodies and they would be done in the normal way that you seek appointees where individuals could express interest to the speaker or the president and the governor and then they would discuss and they could also seek out individuals that they believe would serve well in that role. So again, as with the other things, the consultation could be changed. You could add groups to consult with. You could remove groups who are being consulted with and so forth. The next subdivision two here speaks to the members of the task force and the requirements to be a member. So each member who is appointed shall be a resident of Vermont, shall have knowledge of the problems and challenges facing racial, indigenous and tribal populations in Vermont, shall have experience advocating in relation to the issues of racial, indigenous and tribal populations in Vermont and shall have demonstrated leadership in programs or activities to improve opportunities for racial, indigenous and tribal populations in Vermont. So this is really narrowing down the requirements to be a member of the task force and focusing on people who have advocated and worked for or on issues of racial, indigenous or tribal equity. The next subdivision here B provides that to the extent possible members of the task force shall come from diverse backgrounds and represent geographically diverse areas of the state. This is aspirational language, but it's language that we've started including in more and more groups that the legislature creates. And it's looking to represent not only diverse backgrounds, which can mean a number of things, socioeconomic, educational, work backgrounds, as well as racial, religious, etc., and also representing geographically diverse areas of the state. So we're aiming not to have, for example, 12 members from Chittenden County or something like that, or to spread people around the state understanding that Vermont's different regions have different needs, different histories, different experiences. And then the next piece here is providing that a majority of the members shall be members of a racial, indigenous, or tribal population in Vermont. So it doesn't require all of the members, but it does require a majority of the members to be members of those populations. Again, these are requirements that can be tweaked, adjusted, added to, or trimmed back as the committee sees fit. So the next section here, because this is going to be an ongoing group, there is the concern that what if you appoint someone and they fail to actually fulfill their duties. And so this provides that members of the task force may be removed by the appointing authority for incompetency, failure to discharge their duties, malfeasance, or illegal acts. So really what we're looking at here are the first two deal with how well they're doing their job as a member of the task force. And then the second two are looking at are they engaging in inappropriate conduct outside of their work in the task force. For example, it could be harmful to the credibility of the task force if one of the members was convicted of a felony while serving on the task force, and then you would have a public trust issue. So at that point, however unlikely that is, you would want to have the authority to remove them and then replace them with someone else to avoid those concerns. And this is similar language to what we use for state boards where people are appointed for multi-year terms. And then what this is doing is it's really narrowing the causes for removal. So you'll notice what's not included here is that the appointing authority disagrees with opposition that that individual is advocating for on the task force. And then vacancy and then vacancy occurring during the term shall be filled by the appropriate appointing authority for the remainder of the unexpired term. Annually the task force would select the chair and a vice chair from among its members. This allows the task force, if for example someone serves as a chair for a year and then is worn out from that work, they could step down and someone else could step in to fill that role. And then meetings would be held at the call of the chair or at the request of five or more members. So not a majority of the task force, but still a significant number of task force members could call a meeting if the chair was not willing to call the meeting on their own. And then a majority of the current membership would constitute a quorum. So you need eight members based on this current draft. But then actions could be authorized by a majority of the members present and voting at a meeting. And that's fairly standard language for bodies like this. And then a requirement that the task force meet not less than 10 times per year. So this is looking for them to be meeting on an almost monthly basis during their existence. And nothing prevents them from meeting more often than that. So you'll notice here in subsection F, we've not withstood the standard per diem language. And we're providing that members shall be entitled to per diem compensation of blank amount. The feeling and draftingness was that they should be entitled to more than the $50 per day, because working on a truth and reconciliation commission involves a lot of emotionally and mentally difficult work and may also involve a lot of work outside of the official meetings. But when we were working on the draft, there wasn't a number that folks were ready to settle on. So this is left blank and just highlighted as something that for the committee to consider and come up with an alternative amount or come up with an amount, excuse me. And then plus reimbursement of expenses for attendance of meetings. And this is something that the committee will probably want to take testimony on. There are different models for these task forces. Some of the task forces constituted in other places are professional, where you have full-time members, but a smaller membership. And others are citizen boards where it's broader membership like this proposal. And they're compensated on a per diem basis for their work. So these are different models you could consider. And you could look at what the per diems are from some of the different models. Section 902 creates the powers and duties for the task force. Subsection A is the duties. The first is to conduct research necessary to determine the current status of the historically disadvantaged racial, indigenous and tribal populations, including qualitative and quantitative examination of data related to things like business ownership, household assets, income and debt, housing, land ownership, employment, education, healthcare, access to benefits, and access to wealth and capital. This is a broad list of topics to research. Certainly something for the committee to look at as you're figuring out whether this is appropriately broad. Is it too broad? Is it too narrow? Or are there things that are left off this list? But this was the list that was come up with in the initial draft. The next is to develop and implement a process for truth and reconciliation to address the institutional structural and systemic discrimination experienced by the historically disadvantaged populations both past and present. And this is recognizing that we don't have this process for truth and reconciliation right now in Vermont. And so step one for this task force is going to be establishing that process. How are we going to conduct our meetings? How are we going to conduct interviews? How are we going to reach out to these populations? How are we going to dig into state records and state archives in order to determine the sort of documentary facts surrounding historic practices within the state that have affected these populations and so forth. Number three is to promote, implement and coordinate programs and activities to create and improve opportunities for or to eliminate disparities experienced by members of the historically disadvantaged populations. So this is looking at the reconciliation part and looking at promoting and implementing or coordinating programs to help with the process of reconciliation as you develop that truth during the work of the task force. The powers for the task force to carry out their duties. So one is to adopt rules pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act as necessary to implement the provisions of this chapter. Two is to adopt procedures as necessary to carry out the duties. So rules are that's got sort of a binding force of law with respect to how the task force carries out its work. Procedures are essentially what are the steps you follow when you're collecting evidence, when you're hearing testimony, when you're conducting hearings and it doesn't necessarily need to go through the drawn out process of notice and comment that's required for rule banking. So it's just two different levels. Third is to establish and maintain a principal office. Fourth is to meet and hold hearings at any place in the state. Five is to issue subpoenas to compel testimony or access to a production of records, documents and other evidence or possible sources of evidence or the appearance of persons provided that the subpoenas issued pursuant to an investigation commenced by the task force pursuant to this chapter and that there is reasonable cause to believe that those materials or the testimony are relevant to that investigation. This language is drawn from the Human Rights Commission and what this does is it prevents the task force from being stonewalled by a state agency or another entity that doesn't want to share records that may be related to an issue it's causing. A lot of the records that they're going to be dealing with are potentially sensitive and so this allows them to get access to those records. It also creates a process for a body to say no you've gone too far and then to have a neutral party in the courts adjudicate whether this is an appropriate request for records. So this is something that is available to quasi-judicial panels in the state and again it's available through the judicial system and is something that's used in discovery and for example a civil case. You might issue subpoenas for records that are being withheld or for testimony when someone's not willing to provide that testimony. This includes notice that the individual has the right to contest the subpoena and then the initial right to contest the subpoena is before not less than half of the task force and then that they can bring that appeal of the subpoena to a court and then that this would be enforced in the same way that a subpoena under our administrative procedure act is enforced. So that sets out existing procedures for a state entity that has subpoena power to bring a subpoena and then attempt to enforce it and have a court determine whether the subpoena is appropriate or whether it should be quashed. The next power is to consult with local national and international experts on issues related to truth and reconciliation and restorative justice. So this is acknowledging that we're following in the footsteps of other bodies that have been doing this work and this allows the panel the power to consult with those experts as it develops its process and also as it moves through its process and develops proposals for the legislature. The next power here is almost doesn't need to be said it's to hear testimony from members of historically disadvantaged populations members of the public and persons with knowledge of institutional structural and systemic discrimination experienced by those populations and this is this is really the core mission of this body. The next is to study research investigate and report on the impact of state actions in relation to the historically disadvantaged populations and if the task force determines that the actions constitute institutional structural and systemic discrimination against a population or populations regardless of whether it was intentional or or adversely impacted the population. The task force can propose legislative or administrative action to the general assembly or the governor to remedy the impacts on the population. So this is part of the reconciliation process for the panel here. So if they determine that there was a particular action that was discriminatory and affected a particular population they can propose some sort of action to remedy that whether that's something that's within the governor's executive authority or something that requires legislation and then bring it to the appropriate body. The next couple are based on their powers as an independent state entity. So the first is to enter into cooperative agreements with private organizations or individuals or with any agency or instrumentality of the United States or this state to carry out the provisions of this chapter. So this allows them to work with consultants to work with individuals who are experienced in this work as well as to work with for example a body like the the EEOC or the Human Rights Commission or any number of other private organizations that work on issues of racial equity or racial justice that might be able to help them in fulfilling their mission. Number 10 is to make and execute legal documents necessary or convenient for the exercise of its powers and duties under this chapter. This goes along with there being an independent entity with the authority to carry out their mission. Number 11 allows them to hire consultants and independent contractors to assist the task force and number 12 is to take any other actions necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. This is catch all language that basically says if there's something that's necessary to do your job and to carry out the requirements of this chapter such as the next section hiring an executive director you can take that action. We don't have to enumerate it in here specifically. But it also is limited that it has to be necessary to carry out the provisions of the chapter so they can't do something that you know is is not related to their mission as the truth and reconciliation task force. So section 903 gives the task force the authority to appoint and and requires them to appoint an executive director who has to be an individual with experience in relation to racial justice or advocating on behalf of historically disadvantaged groups. The executive director would be a full-time state employee exempt from the classified service and would serve at the pleasure of the task force. This is very similar to Boreang's role over at the Human Rights Commission as executive director. She is a state employee. She's exempt from the classified service and she serves at the the pleasure of the commission or Bryn Her over at the cannabis control board. So the same thing where she's appointed by the board and then serves at their pleasure and it's really their their full-time staff person who runs the office. The executive director is responsible for supervising and administering the implementation of the provisions on behalf of the task force assisting the task force and carrying out its duties. Employing staff as necessary to carry out the duties of the task force and preparing an annual budget for submission to the task force which would then if they approve that budget submit it to the governor for inclusion and the budget proposal in the same way that the independent bodies currently existing within state government do. So a couple of important things to note here. So numbers one and two there relate to the fact that this is a citizen task force and then they would have professional staff to assist them in carrying out their duties. These staff could include attorneys, social scientists, social workers, administrative staff, researchers, paralegals, other folks like that who can help them with research, can help them with interviewing individuals, can help them with crafting proposed legislation, organizing hearings, drafting agreements, etc. Number three, we already covered that. So number section 904 provides for two different reports. One is an annual report on or before January 15th each year which is basically an update on what did you do this past year, what were your findings, do you have any interim recommendations for action to further the mission of the task force or to address instances of discrimination that you've identified. And then the final report is scheduled for on or before June 15th of 2025. So there would be three annual reports in January of 2023, 2024 and 2025. And then a final report in June of 2025, which would detail the full findings of the task force and recommend actions to address instances of discrimination that the task force identified. Section 905 creates a special fund for the task force. This would, the fund would be, would consist of appropriations from the state and then any gifts or grants received by the task force. So the task force could seek out grants from outside organizations to further its work. And then the fund would be available to the task force to carry out its duties. And then interest on the fund balances would be credited to the fund. That's a provision that the committee may want to consider further. It's a provision we add a lot. Depending on the size of the fund, it may actually cost more for the state to keep the interest in the fund and do the accounting than you would actually earn interest on the fund. So that's just something to flag there. The accounting for these funds is actually fairly expensive because there are literally hundreds of special funds within the state and each one, they need to track the interest and then if it's reverting to the fund, they have to credit that back to the fund and so forth. So, and when you're earning interest at you know, whatever the ridiculously low amount is fraction percent, it may not actually be that much money. Section three is a prospective repeal of the task force. So this would repeal it on July one of 2025. So it would really be a three-year task force and the effective date would be July one, 2022. So that's when it would be established. One thing to note is that with the July one establishment date, you may want to set a deadline for appointment of the members because otherwise one of the issues we have here is that after we adjourn, it's very hard to get people together unless there's a deadline. So you could see a three or four month delay and actually getting members appointed and getting the task force to a point where it can function. So that's that's just something else to keep in mind with the task force. So I'll take questions. I see representative Wallace with that hang on. And then after these two questions, I want to take a break. Thank you for that, Chair Stevens. I could use the break. I have a question about the composition of the task force. And I'm thinking, especially here in Barrie, but applies to many communities in Vermont. At the beginning of the 20th century, oh, excuse me, what I'm thinking is about the immigrant population. So at the beginning of the 20th century, for example, here in Barrie, French Canadians and Italians came to work in the quarries and they were not always greeted with open arms. And in some cases, that was because religious differences. But more recently, in Barrie and other communities, we had Bosnians groups of Bosnians arrive ethnic Turks from Russia who were a different religion, often didn't speak the language. And of course now, we have folks from Afghanistan coming in. And I don't know what sort of issues they're facing. So I'm just wondering if maybe there should be representation of the immigrant population. And I would represent if Colston might have thoughts on that since his community has significant immigrant populations, lots of folks from Asia, for example. So I'm just throwing that out. I wonder if there should be somebody representing immigrants. So I think this is a better question for either Representative Christie, Representative Colston, or Representative Blomling or Kalaki. I think it's I think it's a political decision. So it's, you know, I mean, that's a, you know, coming from during the conversation about who might be included. I mean, I have a question about flexibility that I'll ask after the break. But which may talk about that represent while. So we'll, we'll, but I do think that's a political choice of how big the umbrella is for these, for this kind of study. Representative Hango. Thank you. I have a few questions. One of them should be really easy to answer. Did I miss somewhere in here the length of a person's term that's serving on this task force? You did not, but that is a, that is a good catch. The term is currently set up as, as the full length on the task force, but it should be spelled out in there. I noticed that as I was going through. Okay. And in, in relation to that also then what about legislative members who may not be reelected during that time period? They are non voting members, but so that that was taken out. So that was in the original underlying proposal and in this, the membership doesn't depend on your being a member of the legislature, although the appointing authority could change if we get a new speaker or pro term. So this, the amendment draft proposes four representatives of the recognized tribes, two other representatives of Native Americans and Vermont that who are not members of the tribes and then six members with a background in racial justice work. I missed that. Sorry. Nope, that's okay. It's going from the original. It's confusing when you walk back and forth between the two, especially when you have something that would run through two bienniums. And I see that I even took notes before we started saying draft 1.3. Sorry. My last question is really that multiple populations could be served by a bill such as this. So could this bill be used to set up more than one truth and reconciliation task force for specific things? Like for instance, if we wanted to investigate reparations for slavery, that would be one task group, or for reparations for the eugenics legislation, that would be a second one. Right. So this particular draft focuses on the issue of racial discrimination, whether that's against racial minorities or indigenous or tribal populations in Vermont. And you could have a task force focused on specifically the issue of populations impacted by eugenics, or you could also have a task force focused on discrimination against immigrants like Representative Walts brought up. The choice here was to focus on the racial discrimination aspect. But there's nothing that prevents us from setting up multiple task forces or setting up a single task force. And then after it finishes, it's initial three years work appointing new members and continuing its work on a new issue. So there are a variety of ways to sort of address that. So this is really a broad scope, a very broad scope? Well, so this is narrowly focused on racial discrimination. And it's not getting at the issues of, for example, the impact of eugenics on disabled populations in Vermont, or the targeting of discrimination against Italian immigrants in Barry, or French Canadians in Vermont, except to the extent that some of those individuals may be part of families that also belong to a group that would be represented in this task force here. So this is strictly racial or indigenous and tribal populations, which could have been affected by any number of incidences throughout history in Vermont. One last question, because this is something we could debate for hours. I'll switch gears. Are there other examples you mentioned for Yang's position at the Human Rights Commission? Are there any other examples of an office like this that maintains an office space with a paid executive director, paid staff, and whatever else we would be paying for? Sure. So Green Mountain Care Board, the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board, Vermont Student Assistance Corporation, and then you can look at also other quasi-independent boards like the Cannabis Control Board, where that's an independent body within the executive branch. Is the Climate Council one also? Yeah, the Climate Council is a little different, though, I think. But I think the Green Mountain Care Board, they have specific authority, the Housing and Conservation Board, they have a specific, is probably even a better one, because they have a specific mission related to the development of housing and the conservation of land in Vermont. And they have their separate budget, their separate legal authority, and so they're sort of, they operate within this building, but they're also independent from both this building and the fifth floor in carrying out their mission. Thank you. All right, I think we'll stop there. I think, Representative Peggy, thank you for the last question, especially the flexibility, or your penultimate question, because the flexibility of what this is is a great answer.  I think, I mean, you just got to it. And I think that as we talked with any number of people, I think that there, you know, who this process addresses and how the actual task force functions is, you know, for this committee to really debate and also for the task force then to determine, too, because it may well be that you have a task force that then kind of breaks into separate groups to pursue different topics and that, you know, that, so it's all debatable and there isn't one right way. That's partly our job and partly the task force job, as I understand it. Okay, we're going to stop working on this bill right now. Take a seven or eight minute break till 1030. Thank you, Representative Christie and Representative Colson for guests, for guesting here today and visiting. And we will be back at 1030 to take up conversation on page 329. We have Sandra Davis with us to talk about that particular.


next year. The theme is all concerts will feature pairs of guest artists, brothers, a father-son duo, which include favorites, and then two husband-wife pairs. So it should be a really great season. You should have gotten your brochures in the mail this week. If you didn't, there are also some on the lobby in your way out. Please get your ticket orders in early. Tonight we say goodbye to three members who are departing your orchestra. Michael Ferrero, a cellist, has played for us for two years and he's moving to Indianapolis. First violin is played for the 16 years and she's retiring in the years and she has retired my galaxy far far away and she's going to make it. My name is Jenny Brault. I'm one of the board members of the symphony and a special force called me here, another John Williams concert. This one will be different from last year's. Just as compelling music. These are the things I've always loved about the symphony is the talent that we have in our conductor, the talent on stage here behind us, the chorus, tonight, and then the music of John Williams himself. And I've always, tonight I'm struck as I'm looking out at the audience. I've seen fathers and daughters and mothers and daughters and young children tonight, surprisingly young, five years old. And we are trying very hard to cultivate a family friendly event for the symphony in this first annual fundraiser. And I'd love for all of you to help us. Last year we nearly sold out with John Williams and this year I'd love nothing more than to put a sold out sign out on the front. So if you could help me cultivate the interest in the symphony, bring your children, bring your grandchildren. And if that makes you nervous, we will have movies and popcorn in a separate room for those who get a little bit fidgety. There will also be opportunities to get familiarized with some of the instruments of the symphony. So we'll have an instrument petting zoo. Then for those of you who are just a little bit jealous, you could join me in costume. For sure we'd love to see the young ones in costumes. So Harry Potter and E.T. and Star Wars, of course. There's so many options from all of these movies. And I think the kids would love it. And again, big kids alike. We're going to have some costume contests to celebrate the creativity of all of you guys out there. So please do join us. June 15th we'd love to have all of you and may the force be with you.