Well, hi there. I'm Sandy Onak, artist and paper crafter here on YouTube and today I want to share with you a watercolor video in the watercolor flowers series using the Mondo flowers These are all giant flower stamps that were designed by Julie Eversole for Ellen Hudson And I stamped them all onto six inch eclipse tape The six inch is really helpful when you've got big images I used to use a two inch tape and kind of paste things together But the six inch really makes a huge difference and I just fussy cut these out And I'm going to use them with one of these stamps for my sentiment from the lovely set There's a lot of beautiful ones in here. I like the wording. I like the mix of text plus script So I'm going to place it on my card so I can kind of get a general idea Where I want the sentiment and then arrange my flowers around it when you do this with masks It's a whole lot easier to pick things up move them around Figure out which ones in front of which one because when you do the stamping you want to work from the front to the back Here when you're working with masks on a piece of scratch paper, you can change your mind Indefinitely and just keep moving them around decide which flowers you want where on this kind of a thing You could also stamp one of the flowers many times and do one with all peonies on it or do one with all Hydrangees on it and those would be equally beautiful to one that has a Mix of different kinds of flowers like what I'm doing But you can see I'm just changing my mind and move things around and lift things up so that I can have certain ones stick out from behind Others and just have a whole lot of fun trying to figure out which direction I want this card to go and I realized here that I had not actually added My large poinsettia so I move the small one to the top so I'd have room at the bottom to have the large one sticking out and arrange some leaves on there, etc and Make a final decision that I can still change my mind on as I go But at least this gives me a really good idea where I'm starting but all these masks you notice are sticking out So how do I use this with my misty? Well, I'm gonna make a spot in the misty where I'm gonna use for my center so that I can have all these masks Hanging out and I can have stamps hanging off the edge of the card So I've just put some tape on the misty to mark it where it's supposed to go And I put my master in here and add in my stamps. All I have to do is line them up with the dyes Are they did dyes with the masks? Gosh? I can't speak today and Then pick the stamp up. It's going to stamp in place right there And that flower is going to be stamped on top so now I can put my real watercolor paper in there We use some arches rough and I'm going to stamp the image I'm going to use some distressed ink. We use a lot of different colors But I'm going to use some tattered rose just because that's what I had in hand Because a lot of the distressed ink is going to melt into the painting and that's kind of what I want it to do so then I replace my master and Find one of the other stamps look for one that's in the front that hydrangea is right up in the front So I'm going to stamp it next and I'll keep going through this process over and over again Until I build up the entire image Just trade out my master sheet so I could do the stamping on it You can re-stamp if it doesn't stamp really well, which distressed in all often don't stamp really perfectly So it's easy to go and re-stamp in the same position And in between each one just add on more masks and then you can take the next stamps in the series And ink them up and add them on and just keep going until your image is complete And you can also do this and make multiples at the same time And that is one of the things that I find really helpful Especially when I'm making videos because if I mess up on one I can just start again with another and I don't have to re-stamp but here you can see I've got all the Masking is all finished the stamping is all done and I've got lines all over the card I'm going to start by spraying just using the distress sprayer To spritz some water on here and let some of that ink start to melt into the paper Just so it's softer and it's going to disappear a little bit I still know where all these lines are and even if I don't I can make them up as I go with my watercolor So don't feel like you know you have to stick to exactly what's there So I'm going to use a bunch of quinacridone colors from Daniel Smith and this one is quinacridone coral Which is a little more on the reddish side a lot of the others are pinker So I liked the fact that this one had more red in it and I'm using a number 12 brush Someone had told me at one point in a video that she did I wish I could remember who because I would love to give her credit to use a bigger brush than you think you need So even though I've used a lot of number fours and number sixes Um in order to get looser I find that I do a little bit better If I use a larger brush and you can see here that petal is really the same size as that number 12 brush So I can get a lot of A lot of really big beautiful petals done in a really swift and efficient pattern and not get all fussy And then I'm going to actually spray a little bit. I know crazy, right? We're always trying to control our watercolor. Well, let's let it be soft and mushy And I'm going to tap off some color. I'm going to make it lighter And you can do this same kind of thing without tapping off by mixing your colors So they're not as heavily pigmented and just do layers But with watercolor you always want to start light and get darker and darker as time goes on Now since this is damp, I have not dried it or anything I can actually add in a little bit more red at this point and add slight details and I'm letting them be washy details. I'm doing wet into wet so that I don't end up Getting all tight and and regimented with it. I want it to be soft and loose And as I'm working on this, I'm going to continue to dab off and add back in dab off and add back in throughout Now I did have a watercolor teacher tell me to stop removing color so much Just be more committed to the movement of the paint as I put it on there and Yeah, that's just not what I do So I'm speeding this camera up a little bit speeding the film up so that We're not here for the entire time of doing this card It actually took me probably about an hour and a half to paint this whole one Because I did have a lot of time also letting it dry in between I like air drying a little bit better than heat setting But you can decide if you like that look better for some reason I like the way it dries better when it air dries so here I've added a lot of color into these and Dabbed it off and then I can do a little wet into wet And you can see how the wet into wet just adding a little bit in the center around The centers of each one of the hydrangea flowers just gives them a real interesting watercolor look For the peonies, I got out one of my favorite pinks, which is quinacridone rose In order to get a a different kind of pink than I did for the poinsettias. Remember those were in the coral So this one is in rose And I'm just adding a little bit of color in and leaving some white spaces With a lot of watercolor Our biggest problem is we try to make it look like Copics instead of Instead of leaving some white areas and some highlight spots Which is what makes watercolor look like watercolor when you you leave some open areas And allow some darker areas around it So it's an ongoing challenge for me as I learn more and more about watercolor But I challenge you to try not to paint everything so that it's perfect Let that watercolor look Like paint let it look all washy It's one of the reasons why I'm starting to paint more With using a spritzer because that's helping me to get looser and to add more water and let the color Just move around on its own So here i'm adding a little bit more Detail and then that spritzer. Yay for lots of water To let it get all soft Now there are many points in here at which you may look at it and go Oh, you should have left it exactly like that. It was beautiful just as it was And that's okay. There are times when I will do that and there are times when I work it harder And I was trying to see how far to push it how far not to push it I do like how this one came out There are things that I learned from it that I'll apply next time I do something But just because something doesn't come out perfectly When you're creating something don't let it stop you from using that card From saving that image from framing that painting Because you'll learn something every time you do it And rather than stop when you may think oh my gosh, I just ruined it. Just keep going see what happens And let yourself learn from each piece of paper. You've already put paint on it. So why Toss it and say it's awful Until it's done because you can at least use the rest of the page to test colors So you can try different colors out try different combinations Uh test out different brushstrokes There's a lot of things that you can use that paper that you thought you had ruined And do it in a different way To get some education out of it because that's always important to keep on learning So I'm using a little bit of green around the car just popping in a few details And sap green is one of my favorite greens for all kinds of greenery things. It's a very soft Soft kind of green, but it can also be really intense if you put a lot of color a lot of pigment into it But it's Not a really bright green and I tend to like those duller colors. They're a little more realistic So here i'm working on adding another layer now into my My hydrangeas And you can see i'm Using the work that was underneath of it and allowing that to guide me into okay How much more do I need to put in here? Do I want to add more strong color? Do I want to let some of that from underneath show through and where am I going to allow those white highlights? Where am I gonna allow those hard edges to Kind of make the watercolor sing Not sure how to describe that any better than that There's just some things that that make me feel a little happier when I I allow the watercolor to do what it wants rather than trying to force it to do what I want So here I am again painting a little wet into wet and that's going to make the watercolor a little bit softer Checking where my sentiment is because I didn't want my petals to go too far I wasn't sure if I was going to do that the sentiment in white or in black and didn't want to Make that decision based on putting too much color in there if I changed my mind and wanted a different type of ink to use for the sentiment Another layer over my pinks just to give me a little more detail in those those peonies And that spritz just loosens it up and softens it up And I know that that is stressful to many people. I've tried getting folks to Spray something on something they've water colored in classes and I see the meltdown look on everybody's faces So please know I do understand how hard it is It's taken me a lot of practice to get comfortable with Potentially ruining it because it's possible when you take that spritzer to your your paint that you're going to go too far And that's okay. It's just how things happen sometimes and you just got to be okay with it That's the only way to learn and grow But I really like in how those those peonies are starting to settle in those are really particularly beautiful There's a couple of those hydrangea flowers that are just making me smile And now I wanted to add a little stronger in that sap green little little stronger detail in that Because I I started feeling like I want that area around the sentiment to be the focal area And so I wanted to get a little darker little more layers of color and a little bit more in there It'll give definition to my flowers But I'm not being super careful with outlining the flowers. Make sure you don't put color Equally around every edge of every flower or it's just going to look like you outlined them So I'm letting parts of them be outlined And again, I'm going to spray I'm going to let it be loose because you really want to allow A lot of this color to do what it wants to do And here I'm sitting here staring at the thing. I know what was running through my mind at the time was do I Wait for it to dry. Do I lift off more? Do I what do I do? What do we do? What do I do? And that thought does run through my mind. So if it runs through yours, don't panic It's okay Because that's just the way the way it is with watercolor And especially as we all start to practice trying to get loose or some people might be practicing to get tighter Because they're really good at loose. I envy them because I find it easier to get tighter and more detailed with watercolor than Looser, which is what I want to be But we all have our struggles, don't we the struggles of artists So now I'm going to add even a little more detail in the centers of my peonies And less detail as it gets out to the outside edge. That's going to create some real interest on the centers And I'm really being careful to preserve some of those highlights.  Am I done yet? Have I gone too far? Have I pushed it too far? Have I ruined it yet? If I do this one more stroke, is that going to ruin it? And please don't feel like you're weird if you have those thoughts too because the same thing happens to all of us It's hard to know when a piece of art is done But the one thing I did know was that the yellow flower on here didn't have enough yellow in it So I went in with my quingold and added just a little bit more Because everything I do has some yellow in it, right? So I've got to add a little bit more of a pop of yellow I'm just kind of touching up a few areas And there we are being all done I did add some faux stitching around the edges with a white pen And I stamped my sentiment in black because I didn't think the white was going to pop enough I didn't want it to fall into the painting and disappear completely But this was a really fun experience. I learned a lot from it and I hope you will do the same Take one of your mondo flowers and repeat it multiple times Or if you have all of them like I do if you're addicted Use them all and it's really fun, right? It's always fun to Try painting something with a lot of images on it There's a couple other videos if you're interested on the left is the whole playlist of the watercolor Flower series and I will see you guys next time. Have an awesome awesome weekend. Bye. Bye


Everybody forced here ripping a box of 2023 Topskill did collection for Chris G Here we go. Chris. Best of luck man for something big here to the chrome pack has It's a solid start there as well to Cabrera 99 rookie card mini diamond up next is John Smoltz 18 of 50 to 50 on the Smoltz blue auto is Rookie Ezekiel Doran number 28 of 50. It's a good one there. He's underrated and A wave rookie nice Michael Harris the second to 75 It's a pretty solid pack there great Michael Harris Get that one in a mag card of the night is A Carlton Fisk framed auto 11 of 25 Fisk to 25 Hall of Fame or yeah gold frame Hall of Famer's autograph Fisk it's 25 you wave to fair you wave to fair All right, Chris that'll do it. We'll get those out to you with the other orders appreciate it


So far, we've been taking a lot of contact. Maybe just like a pop shot here, there. Maybe just like a random RPG or more of a round. But honestly, there hasn't been much going down. We've been starting to pull away, going, heading back up north and being ready to get extracted. I mean, we're pretty much worn out. I mean, whatever we could do to stay sane. Drink water. Everyone's been making bread. One of the guys, he has some speakers and we play music. Food, sleep, without any disturbances. Not getting shot at every day or anything like that. Being able to talk to friends and family, tell them I'm alright. Mostly everyone just finally finds a piece. They realize that it's their job and they just got to push on through it and make the best of it, keep on going. We are all okay and we're fine and ready to go back home.


In fact, you don't have to do goal setting in January or September. It can happen any time of year.  I'm gonna show you what I do and hopefully set you up for success this year with your goals. Hey everyone, it's Leanne from LeanneColderwood.com and I just returned from my annual business plan retreat. Yes, I go every year for two days to plan out my business and life plan for the year ahead. And it really sets the groundwork for me to achieve my monthly goals as well as drives my weekly and daily tasks so that I'm not drowning in the minutia and I'm actually doing some strategic things with my time each and every day to get me towards some goals that I've set now here at my business plan retreat. So I want this for all meeting partners and meeting planners because I think it really drives our industry forward when we stop looking at our career is very reactive and as more proactive. So I want you to join me on this journey of planning your business plan retreat and actually plotting out some strategic things that you can do in your career that's going to move our industry forward. And if you need some ideas on what a potential strategic project would be, I did do a video not too long ago that you can find up here about some different ideas that would I guess kind of jog your creativity for you to plan on your retreat. But let's talk about the retreat itself. It's not something that should be taken lightly. So by the end of this video, you should be able to now know how to plan out a successful retreat and get yourself there. And when you come back from that retreat feel like you're set up for the year ahead. So let's look at some great ways that you can set up your retreat so that you come out of it feeling accomplished and feeling that you can now contribute to our thriving industry and back to your organization as well. So here we go. The first and most important thing you need to do when setting up your business plan retreat is lock it down in your calendar and protect that time fiercely. So don't let anyone else book any other meetings with you on your business plan retreat day, but block it out completely so you have relatively uninterrupted time from dawn to dusk. It's going to take you that long to get through all the elements of your business plan or your life plan whatever it is that you choose to do. So make sure you protect that time that is your time to actually focus on all the projects you want to get accomplished in the year ahead. The second thing you need to do is to pick a location. Now I typically skip town. At least I get away from my home office here for a day or a day and a half. Now this year I actually couldn't fly anywhere just family logistics. I could not find two days where I could be away from the house with my kids running here there and everywhere. So I decided to go downtown here in my hometown, but I still hold up in a hotel for a day and a half with no home distractions. Now you might not, you might decide that a hotel is not the best fit for you or you work in the hotel in the meetings industry and going to a hotel you run the risk of running into people, but there's other things you can do. For example, I've done it in public libraries. There's really quiet spots in the public library that you can use the wi-fi and stay there for hours on end. You can coffee shop, jump. I've done that as well where you start at one coffee shop, have a coffee for a couple hours, then change your scenery and go to a different coffee shop or restaurant and just do that a couple times throughout the day and all of a sudden you've got six to eight hours of dedicated time or find a friend who doesn't work from home and go to their house. Stay at their house while they're working downtown. You've got uninterrupted time, no one's going to find you there, so that's another great place to do it, but make sure again you pick a location where no one is going to see you and find you and interrupt you during this critical time. The third thing you need to do is pack necessary supplies. Now your list is going to look different from the next person's list, but some things on the list you might want to include is a copy of last year's plan, lots of note paper, pens, maybe of different colors, my favorite post-it notes to plant temporary notes on each thing, as well as any books that you're reading that are helping you through this process. So for example this year I decided to do a life plan as well as a business plan so I took Living Forward which is a book by Michael Hyatt and that's really helped me throughout the day.  The fourth and final thing to set you up for success is decide that you are going to be offline. So you're not going to be checking your social media accounts unless you're going to post a picture of your retreat, you're not going to be checking for text messages or emails from back at the office and let your friends, your family and your colleagues know that you're going to be unreachable during this time. This really is your time so protect it fiercely and make sure that no one can get a hold of you. The day before you go on your retreat you'll want to do a couple things to make sure that you're set up for success for the following day. First and foremost get plenty of rest that night. You've got a huge day ahead of you and you want to be at your optimal best. Secondly thank your colleagues and your family for giving you this time. Maybe it'll encourage them to follow suit and plan their own business plan retreat but make sure you just show gratitude for the people respecting your boundaries as you head out on this retreat. And finally make sure you put on your out of office notification so that people who are trying to reach you know that you're spending this time doing something incredibly valuable. And again who knows, maybe it'll rub off on them.  Now I typically craft a skeleton agenda for when I go on my retreat and your agenda is going to look different but I do encourage you to to create a bit of a guide as you're going through your day so you're not wondering what step is next in the process. And some things you want on your agenda do include a look back at the past year. Not only do you want to look at the goals you set but you want to assign actual realistic values to those goals if you actually met the goals. So make sure you you have some numbers in front of you about what you did last year so that you can take a look at if it was realistic or not and if things need to change for the upcoming year. The other things you want to put on your agenda include a rough draft of your goals for the year ahead. Again this can be a business draft or it can be a life draft. And with either one you want to plot out goals as it pertains to all the different portfolios that you have. So for example in business you not only have sales goals but potentially you have some volunteer goals or some professional membership goals that you want to achieve or perhaps some sales titles some books that you want to read in the year ahead. So again make sure you outline all of those things as well and it's not just about the sales goal. On the life plan side of things you might want to plot out activities that affect all areas of your life. So for example some hobbies that you want to tackle. Books again that you want to read.  And again writing it down makes it intentional. So flush that all out and then the final part of your agenda is tying those all together and making them fit. You also might want to spend a little bit of time figuring out how you're going to achieve these things by starting to pre-block chunks of your calendar to tackle all of these different things. And then at the end of the day is a review of your day. See if anything is left outstanding. Maybe tack on a couple hours in a week's time to review an update as fresh ideas come to mind. And the most important thing about your business plan retreat is the actual plan and you executing on this plan. Review your plan regularly. Review it at least once a week for sure once a month. And please once a quarter take a look at your plan again and make major adjustments if necessary. And then of course start ramping up for next year's plan by making notes here and there about how things are going up to and including this year. I could go on and on about goal setting but instead let me point you to a couple videos I've done in the past that might help spark your creativity as you go through this process. One video you'll find above here is about defining your roles in the meetings industry. Once you define your roles that's a great template for your business plan as well is creating action items around each and every role that you have. Another video that you're going to find up here is setting goals and it's about breaking down one goal and expanding it into three goals. A meet goal, an exceed goal and a far exceed goal. So take that template into your business plan retreat as well. And finally if you're looking for a business plan template that's going to help you set goals better and you can't find a good one that's going to work for the meetings or events industry I've created one. So the link is below this video and if you go over to the template over at LeanneCulterwood.com you can download that template for free and use it for your business plan retreat. I hope you found value in this video and I'm always curious about how other people plan their retreats or how much value they found in planning their own business value retreat. Will you please reach out to me and let me know how your retreat went this year or any questions that you have about business plan retreats or even goal setting for the meetings and events industry. Have a great retreat everyone and here's to a fantastic year. Bye for now.


This is Jason Porter with the Red Hat Developers Program, here with Eric Chabelle. How you doing Eric? Very good man. Nice to see you again. Yeah, it's good. It's been a while. It's been a while. So what are you working on today? Today. Or not necessarily today, but just in general. I know in the past you've done a lot of BRMS stuff. Yeah. My role within Red Hat is to change a little bit. I spent about four years doing the middleware stuff, evangelizing a lot of the BRMS and the BPM product line. I've now moved across the fence, so to speak, into the platform space and the cloud space, and we now have a complete full stack demo. So across virtualization, open stack platform, everything resting on the OpenShift container platform. That's all running on OpenShift. Is that a demo that people can go and download and try out? You can go over and check it out at the stand right over there. Okay. Great. What about after Summit? After Summit, I'm going to do a session here in your booth in just a second to show how to install the OpenShift container platform in about three or four minutes on this Wi-Fi. Excellent. This is all available online on the Red Hat demo central. It's a GitHub organization. There's a bunch of stuff in there you can play with on top of the cloud, all for free. Oh, great. Even better. Very nice. What is it that developers need to know about the full stack running on OpenShift? If they would like to take a look and Google around a little bit, I wrote an article that gained quite a bit of traction. It starts with my transition into this role as an app dev guy. In the past, you're pretty much not interested in what's going on in the stack. I really don't care. I don't want to know. No, I'm writing an application. I want to focus on the app. I don't care about underneath. Exactly. And everything we do at Red Hat in the developer space is trying to foster that as much as possible, of course. You want to focus on what you're doing. That's what containers are bringing to the market. It's focusing what you're doing, containerize it and hand it off or move it along down the chain. You used to do that with your middleware applications and the problem was the first dump of an error confused everybody but the guy that wrote it. That's kind of the stuff you want to put into a container so if the container doesn't work, you can hand the container back and do your thing. My focus has been to bring this stuff over and when you look at the stack, you can't ignore the stack anymore. You have to understand a little bit about what's going on in the clouds, what the differences are, what containers do, what this means. How deep do I need to get into understanding the stack? Do I need to go all the way down to the OS level or the hardware level? Obviously, OpenShift is going to abstract away some of those details from you. How deep do I need to go? When I say something like this, it's taking the amount of time to step back and look at an architecture in your organization and understand what virtualization means, understanding what programmable infrastructure means, understanding what going to the cloud means. All this ties together into the hyper-cloud story of Red Hat, right? You cannot ignore that. Of course, you have containers at your daily job right in front of your nose, but when you're deploying these on one platform to another platform to another platform, it's kind of a good idea to understand what is going on in those environments. There's no need to completely ignore that anymore. You can't just say, not my problem. It's bringing a lot more interesting stuff, I think, to our developer roles. The tooling is basically rising up because when you're putting a container together, what used to be the hardware machine in the data center? Let's be honest. Some of the tools around that kind of stuff, they're kind of handy for your debugging, include operational kind of stuff. It's much more localized. We do everything we can to keep that stuff either in the cloud for you or locally, just on your machine, tied into your IDEs and tied into different management things. One of the workshops I'm giving this week at the Boston Jug is going to be showcasing playing as a lead developer, setting up a demo environment that includes six containerized services, some of our products, all the stuff on the OpenShift container platform. It only takes about half hour. It's very much a realistic experience of putting together a development environment for your team. Excellent. You mentioned hybrid cloud. How difficult is it for something I have on OpenShift to talk to maybe a data center that I've got where we have some other applications or some other data? In what way? I don't understand. Talk to a data center? Let's say I've got my main application is deployed out on OpenShift, but I've got an extra data store that for whatever reason they want behind a VPN. How easy is it for my application to talk to something behind a firewall or a VPN? That kind of depends upon how you're architecting your environment. I don't really see the clear answer you're looking for. It's a little bit of a tricky one there. I guess a lot of that depends on the architecture and everything else that plays into it. Are you tying this together with service communication? Is it headless? Is it microservices? How are you bridging these environments? What are you doing? What are all the questions to answer during the architecture phase? A little bit of that can be encompassed in something we put in the cloud suite where we talk about managing highly scalable application deployments. With your containers you think I have a container. Once I get that up and loaded into my environment it's just a copy to create more of them.  We have a couple of customers, one in Europe for example showcased in a lot of the slides I use. There's a financial institution that has three data centers around the world and you have to put policies and things in place through things like cloud forms using Ansible, being able to script some of this stuff to trigger things to watch for... let's take Germany for example where you're not allowed to export privacy information so if you're using government apps and things like that they have to run in country. So you can say Amazon, that's nice or you can say Google, that's nice they don't want to localize. So you have a policy now that this app, this container this deployment needs to be localized to this region. So it has for example just one option, one data center. Another demo I talked to about this is when you're migrating and dealing with three data centers for example one is certified hardware and some of my applications require certified hardware. One of our customers is an Amazon like thing in the Netherlands that runs only on certified hardware and not get support if you're not running on the correct JVOS That becomes very difficult in a public cloud environment but less so in a hybrid class So you can have your own private section where you say okay this needs to run these apps you might have something along the lines where the persistence storage stuff that you roll out needs to be close enough to get the speed performance you need to look up data the caching needs to be closer things like that Very good and one last question for you What would you say is the number one thing that developers need to know or understand about OpenShift? Get started today The sooner the better I've been on it since we acquired the company before it was even OpenShift If you have not gotten involved with this container platform you are missing a whole lot of fun It's it's the future It takes so much pain away It's not even funny You can run it locally You can experience it online It ties into all the developer tooling you're used to especially the middleware guys There's just really no excuse not to be doing it Who wants to mess around with configuring stuff on your local machine anymore Very good We just released OpenShift.io You can go check that out and sign up It's open to the public although it's available based on resources They haven't opened it up yet If you're not on that list already go check out OpenShift.io and take a look at that Thanks Eric


Chairman, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, thank you all for coming and I hope that what we have to say is of interest on this particular day. The presentation that I'm to make is based on our conversations in Athens and on a review subsequently of the background of some of the aspects of the story which relate to the interaction between Greece and the European community and European Union. Start by putting before you two quotations, two views. One from Prime Minister Papandreou within the last week saying that it basically that it's been proven that the crisis is not a Greek crisis, it's a European crisis and now is the time for Europe to act. The other view is one that came from many of our interlocutors, this is a composite of views expressed to us by many people in Athens. The future is dependent on political will. The crisis has its origins in graved effects in the Greek political system over decades. Recovery requires much more than wise economic management, it requires the remaking of Greece's whole political and institutional system. I try to pull those two things together as I go along. Try two is just an outline of what follows and don't be scared, it doesn't mean you're here for the whole afternoon, it's just an attempt to indicate a line of logic from Greece's entry to the European community through to dealing with the current crisis. So start with the insight from the second quote that this is the story that spans decades and one could go back here very far into the history certainly of the 20th century back to civil war, to Nazi occupation, to the exile of political leaders. But let's start in 1959. Greece applied for membership of the European community in 1959 well before Ireland applied but it didn't get membership, it was offered an association agreement in 1961. This was suspended in 1967 when the generals took power but it was reactivated in 1974 with the restoration of democracy. This immediately was followed by a second application for membership and this was submitted in 1975, there were long negotiations with the commission at the time expressing doubts about the structures of the Greek economy and its preparedness for membership but there was an accession agreement in 1979 and entry in 1981 and of course the overriding consideration at this time and the correct one was that Greece had to be brought into the European family after emerging from the experience of the generals and of course at around the same time both Spain and Portugal emerging from their fascist pasts had applied for membership so this was part of a preparation for what might be called a post-fascist enlargement of the union a cementing of democracy. Greece entered in 1981 and almost immediately afterwards there was a general election in which the government changed. This happened really at Pasach into power on a dual commitment that he would leave Greece out of the capitalist European community and out of the US dominated NATO but it so often happens once installed at a ministerial office they discovered that leaving was not really an option that reality demanded that they stay with the agreement that had been made and they had to find a way to achieve this. Senator Commissioner Richard Burke the Irish commissioner at the time starting his second term in the commission and given a task by President Gaston Thorn and I'm quoting from Richard Burke himself speaking from this podium or from the predecessor podium several years ago in this house. It was to find a political solution to the state's intention of the Greek government to negotiate with the community with a view to abiding its pledge to leave the community and the Greek government were asked to provide a memorandum setting out their case and this is very significant. The memorandum is an extraordinary document March 1982 starting out by saying that the economy of Greece differed markedly from that of the community as regards both its level of development and its structures and it then went on to speak about the structural defects of the Greek economy. The Greek government defined its own defects as follows an overdeveloped tertiary sector a widespread black economy a pronounced degree of what they called parasitism which being interpreted meant a huge public sector and that was up to 48% of GDP two years ago still vast military expenditure between 4 and 5% of GDP annually a black economy in areas like tourism parasitism in the tax system in non-compliance and tax corruption and the politicized public service it spoke about underdeveloped agriculture a small processing industry sector with 85% of enterprises employing fewer than five persons under employment in many sectors and social and regional inequalities. This memorandum is extraordinary because if you were to change the date from 1982 to 2010 you're talking about almost exactly the profile of the Greek economy that was presented to us at meeting after meeting and which is absolutely reflected in the EU IMF memorandum statement on needed reform. The memorandum however provided the basis for prolonged negotiation presided over by Richard Burke with over 200 special missions from Brussels going to Athens in 18 months to work across the whole spectrum of administration and economy and the outcome was 1984 an agreement to address Greece's concerns with the structural funds with money and reform packages. This led to a period of economic development in which Greece had strong economic growth right through from the 80s right through indeed until just four or five years ago in fact between 1995 and 2009 Greece came second to Ireland in terms of the pace of economic growth. Greece was built on the support of the structural funds and the integrative Mediterranean programs which also helps Spain and Portugal which represented over all of this period right up to 2005 at least 4% per annum of GDP compared to probably 1% or less in the case of the support for Ireland and one of the factors of the recent crisis in Greece of course was that in 2005 the structural funds were changed and the money was diverted to central and eastern Europe after the 2004 enlargement and you had a fall from over 4% per annum to about 1% per annum in receipts from the structural funds leading to a huge problem in terms of the funding of the massive public sector in Greece. Then there's the story of entry to the Eurozone. Greece applied and was turned down in the first tranche of membership in 1998 because it didn't meet the convergence criteria. It applied again in 2000 stating that it now had a dramatic change in circumstances and met the criteria and the Commission and the ECB agreed and Greece was admitted to the Eurozone on the 1st of January 2001 that was two years after the other countries had entered and this is of extreme importance and significance in terms of what subsequently developed in terms of the crisis. It also has to be said that subsequent to entry there was a reconsideration by EuroStat and by the Commission of the Greek statistics and it does appear that the figures on which the changed judgment was made were not absolutely reliable and in fact that there were serious problems in relation to the definition of the Greek public deficit particularly in relation to the spending on military matters. But we now have a situation where you have the Greek economy as defined in the memorandum of 82, this huge public sector economy with a very low external economic action. Compared to the 80 or 90% that we say of Irish production that must be exported, the Greek equivalent is about 20%, it is a very closed economy, very much dominated by the public sector. Very much dependent upon the funding coming from Brussels and then in the Eurozone now having the opportunity of borrowing money at very low interest rates. And we were told by several people that entry to the Eurozone meant what was called fiscal softening. The budget surpluses of the 90s turned into growing regular deficits. These were covered to a considerable degree by the availability of structural funds up to 2005 and helped by the low interest rate regime of the Eurozone. And then things began to go wrong, the cutback in structural funding and then the recession. And we now moved into a situation where a country which had been running a budget surplus in the late 90s now had a deficit of 15.5% of GDP in 2009. And a buildup of debt which as we now know is well over 150% of GDP. All of this coming from the structural issues outlined by the Greek government 20 years earlier. It's very interesting to look at the IMF EU memorandum, the part altogether from the bits that are in the headlines today about haircuts and so on. It requires so much more than fiscal adjustment. The memorandum calls for action on the scale of the public sector, the cost of the public sector, the need to privatise massive state assets, the need to reduce Greece's abnormally high defence budget, the complete overhaul of the tax and tax collection systems, greater labour market flexibility, major changes in the education system, liberalisation of other key areas, simplification of systems, generally an addressing almost line by line of the issues that had been first raised in the famous Greek memorandum. The story that we got about all of this was more and more that what we're talking about here is the capacity of the Greek political, governmental and administrative systems to deliver not just fiscal adjustment but real long standing deep reform. In fact, Prime Minister Papandreou was speaking quite passionately about this yesterday and he certainly understands this but we're dealing with a country which needs massive reform and my colleagues will talk about the politics and the sociology of that in a moment or two. It's necessary to stress just one or two more points and then I'd stop. One is to understand the impact of community support programmes. We were told that fiscal imprudence was the result of the community support frameworks of all of the money that came from Brussels. Some of it was well used, you can see it in the infrastructure around Athens. Some of it was used to subsidise things that should not have been subsidised. You had an inefficient tax system and very low tax take and consequence borrowing and more borrowing to keep the public sector moving. And then Monetary Union was memorably described to us as a sleeping pill that Monetary Union made it possible to postpone the undertaking of essential reforms. Low interest rates were not matched by stabilisation measures. Bubbles not as big as our bubble but bubbles were facilitated and public deficits were allowed to increase because of the failings of the stability and growth pact. There's no doubt that the Greek economy as described to us mirrors problems in the European system which are evident and which I think are increasingly being faced up to. Indeed, while it came from the summits of yesterday shows further commitment to dealing with these things, what particularly comes across was the failing in both the structural fund regime and the euro regime to match the provision of funds and the provision of low interest capital and all of the positives from the point of view of the recipient countries with a surveillance and control mechanism which could keep systems on the right track. Basically, the failure or all this nonexistence of the stability and growth pact in practice and in the presence of Rory Quinn who negotiated the stability and growth pact, the fact is that it had been allowed mainly because the Germans and the French had got away with flouting it and becoming a very weak instrument indeed and if ever a country needed it, it was Greece. So finally, what I want to say is this, Greece, regardless of the outcome of the current negotiations and current resolutions at the highest level, is a country which has very deep structural problems in its economy which are reflected also as we'll hear in its political structures and these have got to be faced up to and even if the current fiscal problem was solved, the Greece which is a member of the union with us and a member of the euro zone with us still has got to bring through these reforms. My colleagues will talk about the problems of doing that but it is as was said in that first quote this is a problem that has decades of background it's not something that has blown up in the recent past and it is rooted in the political system and the political history of the country and it is to the reform of that that all efforts must be be given and one thing that was said to us very often was there are many people in Greece and we met remarkable people with great insights who know that these reforms must take place and are committed to them but they not alone need to get the commitment and the buying into the system of their own people they need and will continue to need real strong consistent and constructive support from outside and that must go hand in hand with whatever fiscal or financial arrangements are being put in place. Someone at dinner one I said to us something that struck me and I wrote down I'm people here know I tend to write lots of notes at meetings but this one jumped back off the page. We were talking about the debates that were going on about reform and he said if everything goes well we're going to have a very modern country sorry I stopped this I'm not good at technology if everything goes well we're going to have a very modern country but if the political system doesn't respond to the needs of the times we will be bankrupt worse than Argentina and that is the challenge that they face and that we face as partners in Europe particularly in the light of the decisions of the last 24 hours and I pass on now to my colleague Nyle Green thanks.


So, in this module we will talk about the affluent disposal into either into the land or into the river waters. So, as concerned affluent disposal procedure which is finally adopted by a particular manufacturer is obviously determined by a number of factors of which the most important is the control exercise of the relevant authorities in many countries on the quantity and the quality of the waste discharge. As I have already told you in our previous module that the range of the affluent disposal method which can be considered number one the affluent is discharged to land, river or a sea in an untreated state. And the second is affluent is removed and disposed of the landfill site as or is insurrated. So, as concerned the affluent is partially treated on the site prior to further treatment at the disposal by one of the other routes. So, the part of the affluent is untreated and discharged as one or two strategy the remainder is treated as a sewage work or at the site before discharge. So, all of the affluent is sent to the sewage work for treatment although there might be reluctance by the sewage work to accept it possibly resulting in some preliminary on site treatment being required or discharge rate and affluent composition defined. So, all the affluent is treated at a factory before discharge. So, as concerned these are the treatment strategies one is in situ and other is known as ex situ. So, as concerned the in situ where that affluent is produced we will have the different treatment mechanism there. So, as concerned the ex situ treatment first we collect and first we send it to some sewage treatment we have to be kept in all the sites accordingly. So, we have to keep the all these as concerned the disposal of the affluent to the severs the municipal authorities and the water treatment companies which accept the trade affluence because the factory has the direct agreement with those sewer treatment because if each and every industry has its own affluent treatment plant that it will be more costly. Same in an industrial zones there is a composite in a united affluent treatment which we called as mostly the sewer treatment plants. So, as you can see that in if we visit to the Kassur leather industry part there is a government have installed affluent treatment plant there. So, that is why if there is an agreement and then the factory has to pay some cost for the affluent treatment. So, then the sewage work has to the capacity to go with the estimated volume and the affluent because according to agreement according to the capacity of the total sewage system very critical. So, the affluent will be interfered with the treatment process. So, the composition of the affluent that should be remain the same because at the time of the registration at the time of the booking at the time of the agreement with the sewage system that should be otherwise that can effect the whole treatment. So, there are no compound present in the affluent which will pass through the sewage work unchanged and then cause the problem when discharged into a water course. So, as concerned the fermentation waste may be treated onsite or at an sewage treatment plant. So, by all that three methods either that is the physical method, chemical method or the biological methods. So, the final choice of the treatment and the disposal process used in each individual factory will depend upon the local circumstances and the local legislations and the regulations and containment level. So, as concerned the treatment process that may be described as follow. So, the first one is the primary treatment in which the physical and the chemical methods in which mostly the sedimentation and coagulation methods are mostly used. As concerned the secondary treatment mostly the biological methods that is activator sludge conducted after the primary treatment. So, as concerned the tertiary treatment in which the physical, chemical and biological methods mostly microstrainers, sand filters, grass plot, irrigation that is used to improve the quality of the liquor for the previous stages. So, as concerned the fourth the sludge conditioning and the disposal that is the physical, chemical and the biological methods in which the aerobic digestion is often used to conditions. So, mostly the following dewatering that is the centrifugation using of the decanter centrifuge methods the sludge can then be disposed by the incineration and the lead filling etcetera. The most of the organic waste material may be degraded biologically or by aerobic or anaerobic processes using different organism. The mostly widely used aerobic process is the trickling filters, rotating disk, contractors, activator sludge process and there is other modification that is mostly used. So, as concerned anaerobic processes that is the digestion filters and the sludge blankers and the use both in the treatment of the specific wastewater and the sludge conditioning methods by the combination both aerobic and anaerobic strategy.