Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. I forgot to do a quick little randomizer for a random team number two. These are the people involved in the break. Forgot to do the elite company randomizer right here. So we'll mark that one, two, three, and four. Position one, two, three, four. And that's where those cards will go. After four and a two, six times. One, two, three, four, five, and six. So it'll be position four that will get all of these elite company cards right here. Position four. Alright, and there you go. The break itself in a separate video. There's a recap at the end of it too. Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. I'll see you next time. Bye.


As the land-grant fields care city persist, it becomes extremely difficult for petty businesses to survive in cities like Lagos State. Visited by plus-tree correspondents, a lot of the Kukuiodoku tour, the popular Balogu market in Lagos State, reveals that some shops are under lock and key, while a few orders are still open for business and say no patronage. Vis is a popular eduma to market in Lagos State. It's always a beehive of activities, but the scenario is unusual. No thanks to the link-refuse care city. Traders here say the situation is becoming precarious and businesses are almost folding up, as the power generating sets used to light up their businesses, like fueling them. Nigeria has been struggling with inadequate power supply over the years. You see, things are very, very hard. For you to make a living now, it's very hard. For you to get to last one Naira. And no one is coming in. Before we go to China, we'll buy, we'll go by ourselves, we'll travel, go there, we'll buy. But now, we'll buy by picture, because of things are very hard. The first care city is something else. And the currency, the new Naira currency, is another problem. We are facing how? People that do business, we are not enjoying the business. We are just coming now because of to find something to be doing. Not because we are enjoying. As a Nigeria citizen. I entered Bost Island with 500 Naira. So, I'm the 10th. I know much passengers, but people are, the price is too much. So, now, just small goods now, to even order the surere here. Driver will charge you as if you are going to East. So, the price is too much. When time comes to the market or to a show, we come late and the prices of the vehicle go up. So that which we cannot offer better, we are just managing it. But the first care city, what we are saying is, let the federal government make everything to be okay. So that the poor and also we, that in the country, we feel better. Let them improve whatever anything they are doing, so that the masses will not suffer. But if you want the station now, you know that people are suffering. So, let them use their power to make something in order for us. Even feeding now is very difficult for people to feed, to chop. This first care city, what is the cost of this first care city? Is it because of the selection about to come or because of the money that is involved? If I may ask, can somebody let us know what is the problem about this first care city? Where does it come from? What is the meaning of this first care city? Is it from the market task? Is it from the government? Is it from the market task or is it from the individual? We have been coming to market, we have been staying in Nigeria before. It's not today that we are changing money. We have been changing money, we have been seeing a election. How come no money, no, no food, no movement, no food? These are some of the questions beggy for answers. As Nigerians across all strata of the society, look forward to an end to the crisis.


Hello everyone welcome to this material characterization course. In the last class we just discussed about the properties of x-rays in terms of phase relations and then how this phase relation influence the diffraction and then we just looked at little bit elaborately how we understand the Bragg law Bragg's law and then how it explains the diffraction intensity and so on. And then we have let us recall that what we have discussed in the Bragg law it is we we just said that it is not that the diffraction intensity is coming from the first layer of the atomic plane and also the the subsequent planes which is underneath the the surface also contribute to these diffraction intensities through constructive interference. And then we have seen that how this contribution from each atoms in the planes below the the surface and and how the overall diffraction intensity is envisaged. So and subsequently we looked at writing this Bragg law in a different form and then how it can be used to analyze the crystal system. And then we will continue in that line today and before that I would like you to make a brief a description on the the reciprocal lattice formally we have not introduced this concept so far but in the fundamentals of this course I mean the lectures we discussed little bit about this reciprocal lattice. However we will be using this concept throughout this course and not only this x-ray diffraction and also the now after this we will discuss about electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy there also we will use this extensively and and what I request you to do is you should go through for all the mathematical treatment of this concept which is really out of the scope of this course you should refer a physics of materials which is also there in this NPTEL portal where you have a detailed mathematical treatment is given and also specifically there is a 10 hour course is being offered by professor Pratap Haridas where exclusively on the reciprocal lattice. What I request all of you to do is go through that physics of materials lecture notes or videos as well as the the 10 hour course exclusively on the reciprocal lattice then if you follow this it will be very easy in order to save time I am avoiding all this basic mathematical relations but then I will briefly talk about it. In in fact we will be dealing with more practical aspects of this reciprocal lattice concept and we will be actually seeing in in practice how we can visualize reciprocal lattice in reality. So in our course we will look at more the application part of it and not the basic mathematical part of it but nevertheless I will keep on referring this concept and then I will try to make you understand as much as possible in terms of physical phenomena. So if you look at the suppose if you want to talk about electron scattering from atoms in an a crystal lattice first we have to talk about the crystal lattice and this is how we define an unit cell a a convention is where you have this a b c all or vectors and then the angle between them or alpha beta gamma. So this is a called unit cell convention. So let us consider a lattice to be located by a reference atom at O defining the origin of unit cell and the position the jth atom of the unit cell by a vector r which we define normally r is equal to u j a plus v j b plus w j c where a b and c are unit vectors defining the unit cell. This is I am saying because we will be referring this a vector this is a vector in the real lattice which we will be using it extensively in the x ray diffraction intensity expressions as well as when we talk about reciprocal lattice. So this is a convention and it is a vector in a real lattice you have to remember that that is very important and excuse me what is reciprocal lattice it is a special lattice construction to a does in interpretation of the diffraction phenomena. So this is the fundamental aspect of it and how this lattice parameters or reciprocal unit vectors are defined which is a star is equal to 1 by v c into b cross c, b star is equal to 1 by v c into c cross a and c star is equal to 1 by v c into a cross b where a star b star and c star they are all reciprocal unit cell vectors where a b c they are all real crystal unit cell parameters and v c the crystal unit cell volume that is v c is equal to a dot b cross c is equal to b dot c cross a which is equal to c dot a cross b. So these are all very fundamental expressions which you might have already studied or must have come across much before that. Let us now go through some of the unique features of a reciprocal lattice a star in the reciprocal lattice is normal to the plane in the real lattice described by b and c. The dimensions in the reciprocal lattice are fractions of those in the real crystal where hkl describes a plane in real crystal it now describes a vector in the reciprocal space consequently the diffraction from a plane in a real crystal can be treated as common vector in the reciprocal lattice feeding its intensity into a point. Thus a diffraction intensity point in a reciprocal space corresponds to a plane hkl in the real crystal. You see these are all the some of the basic features of the reciprocal lattice. In fact we will be talking about this the reciprocal point in a real system in a practical situation as a electron diffraction pattern where we will try to interpret for its complete accountability what it means that we will do it in detail study. And what is said here is in fact it is not just one plane here hkl not necessarily one plane here it could be a set of plane it is always referred as a set of hkl plane which I mean for which correspond to each reciprocal lattice points. So that we will see it in a appropriate time. We will also see some of the other relations that a dot b I mean a star dot b is equal to a star c equal to b star dot a which is equal to b star dot c is equal to c star dot a is equal to c star dot b is equal to 0. And a star dot a equal to b star dot b equal to c star dot c is equal to 1. These are all some basic relations and very importantly now we will see the uniquely characterize the reciprocal lattice as it relates to the real crystal lattice. We can define a vector in the reciprocal lattice by r star which is equal to g hkl again this is which is equal to ha star plus kb star plus lc star. So this is a reciprocal lattice vector. So you just compare this with the real do not confuse this with the real lattice vector this is a reciprocal lattice vector it is also called a g vector. We will see in appropriate time what is the meaning of this g and how do we interpret those notations. So right now you have you have to keep in mind how a vector in a real lattice is represented and how the vector in a reciprocal lattice is represented and then what is the relationship mathematically. And if you can see further the dimensions in the reciprocal space are reciprocals to those in the crystal and we observe a mod of g hkl equal to 1 by mod of r which is equal to 1 by d hkl. We can now express the diffraction condition in an a vectorial form k minus k naught is equal to lambda by r which is equal to lambda times g hkl. This is essentially a vector form of law a condition and is equivalent of the Bragg reflection. Just for the completion I have brought this relation this is a I would say it is a vectorial form of a Bragg condition. For example Bragg law describes the diffraction in terms of scalar equation. What you see n lambda is equal to 2 d sin theta is a scalar equation. We can also define the diffraction condition by a vector equation. So this is one of the form. We will now see it in much more detail in 2, 3 slides later what how this law a condition or vectorial form of representation of a diffraction equation. So in the last class we just looked at a Bragg law and how it can be used in analyzing the crystal system. There are few more points we will see about this Bragg law. So Bragg law contains a great deal of useful information. We can write sin theta is equal to lambda by 2 d. There are two things we have to keep in mind. As lambda increases the scattering angle for a constructive interference theta also increases for a fixed d. As d increases theta decreases for a fixed theta. So diffraction is a very sensitive measure of changes in the crystal structure parameters in the crystalline materials. Hence sin theta by lambda is equal to 1 by 2 d which shows that the angular function sin theta by lambda which is used to tabulate scattering factors and incoherent scattering intensities can be related to the interplanar spacing of diffracting planes. So the diffraction is very sensitive measure of changes in the crystal. So this that is why this particular parameter is used as an angular function to identify the changes in the crystal structure which we will see in the subsequent slides. Now as I just mentioned before what we have seen so far as a diffraction condition in terms of a Bragg law or I would say Bragg's law it is in a scalar form. There we just try to use a parallel planes one after the other. So the all that we have showed in the form of animation is only the rays which are subjected to constructive interference or a diffracting beams. But we have not seen a diffraction condition for an individual atom such as rows or a 2d or a 3d lattice. So now we will get into that I mean discussion where we will try to arrive at a diffraction condition in a one dimension, two dimension and then and see three dimension and see what is the difference between what we have seen in a Bragg's law condition and what we are going to see in this discussion. So look at this schematic I have just drawn here a scatterers I would say it is a repeat distance in a 1d lattice or rows of atoms. The repeat distance is described and the direction is described by the vector a 1 and then you have the incident x rays S naught which is falling on this row and S is the scattered rays. We will say that it is a diffracted ray as well provided it follows some condition and in order if you look at the in order to define S as a diffracted beam we need to look at the condition whether it obeys the a kind of a diffraction I mean a condition or whether it obeys a diffraction condition or whether it facilitates the diffraction condition in terms of its geometry. So now what we can see here is you see the atom a and b which scatters and then this is the theta and this is the theta from this side and this is a perpendicular I have drawn for this line and this is a perpendicular drawn for this line. Now in order to be in the same phase of S and S naught they should have the a path difference should be having some certain conditions what is that condition suppose if you look at this atom and then look at this ray after scattering this is the path difference and similarly if you look at this ray which hits on the atom a and then it scatters this way and this length this is the path length. So there is a difference these two rays are having two different path length. So mathematically if you see what is this length this length is nothing but S naught dot a 1 similarly here this length is S dot S naught dot a 1 this is S naught is an incident wave vector and this is your lattice repeat distance that is also in a vector and this distance is S naught dot a 1 similarly this distance is S naught dot a 1 and that is how the path length differs. So now we have already seen that in order for the S rays that is the scattered ray to be in the on the same phase of S naught the path length or path differences should be a integral multiple of a wavelength. So that is what we have written here. So you see that S dot a 1 that is this minus S naught dot a 1 that is the path difference between these two should be equal to an integral multiple of a wavelength h lambda and equation one is a vector equation of cones of scattering around the row. So what actually we are seeing is this there is a intensity cone which is spread like this. So this is an incident intensity and this is scattered intensity actually this kind of a cone of intensity is generated around the row and we will now see one example how this cone is related to the angle of incident theta and then how it changes with the angle and the wavelength and the inter atomic distance and so on. So now you remember that this particular equation accounts for a diffraction in atoms lying in a row. So now we are just said that if this path differences is in the integral multiple of a lambda then these two waves that is incident wave as well as diffracted wave will be in the same phase and then constructive interference takes place so the diffraction happens. So this is a condition for that. Now we will look at one example to look at the effect of the angle similar schematic where the incident angle is about 80 and then let us assume that the diffraction geometry for a row of scatterers this is a row of scattering row of scatterers is 4 angstrom that is irradiated with the 1.54 angstrom x-ray beam. So now you see that the value for lambda is equal to I mean theta is equal to 80, 56 and 19 corresponding to H is equal to 0.5 angstrom 0, H is equal to 1 and H is equal to 2 and so on and how this intensity cone going to be different. You see that when the H is equal to 0 you can see that incident beam is almost on the same direction of the diffracted beam and as the value of the H increases you can see that the angle decreases you can see that it is 56 and 19 and you can also see that at the H is equal to 0 the cone is completely opened up you can assume that it is completely opened up and as the H value increases you can see that how the theta is decreasing. So this is another one example to visualize the how this the intensity cone varies with the different values of theta. Now we will move on to the two dimension. So diffraction from a net that means two dimension which defined by rows A1 and A2 another condition is added to the previous condition that is the S minus S0 dot A2 that is a path difference is also should also be equivalent to multiple I mean multiple of integral multiple of a lambda K lambda where K is an integer. A second series of cones is created around the second row of atoms the intersections of the cones give lines of maximum intensity. So this is where you have to be a little bit careful we are now talking about intersections of a cones from the two different rows first we talked about a single row now we talk about a two dimension that means one more row is added and then where that repeat distance is A2 and this also is going to produce a cones of radiation for a given theta around each scatterers that is here lattice positions you can say are atoms whatever it may be each one is going to produce a cone around it and these two cones are going to intersect. So all the cones are going to intersect and that they are going to form a line of maximum intensity finally a lattice is created by addition of a third row that is one more dimension where the path difference necessarily to be S minus S S0 dot A3 is equal to I lambda which is another dimension so this is again has to be satisfied for the diffraction to be occurring. Now common intersections are points of reciprocal lattice. So now we talked about one point and from there we talked about a line of maximum intensity and then now the line has become a point of intersection where we will have a maximum intensity that is where the reciprocal lattice point comes. All these equations 1 to 3 are known as the law way equation. Please understand in the Bragg diffraction schematic we were talking about only a parallel planes and then we said that the diffraction intensity comes from each of the rows or in fact all the atoms which are in phase are in otherwise contributing to the constructive interference then account for the diffraction intensity but in a law way equation it is in a vectorial form of I mean concept mathematically where we talk about an individual atom where in the form of a row or a 2D lattice as well as 3D lattice and then how each one is contributing to the diffraction or I would say that the each of the equation derives a condition for the diffraction to take place. So there is a difference between the concept discussed in a Bragg's law or a condition for a diffraction through Bragg's equation as well as conditions for the diffraction to take place through a law way equation. So in fact law way equation is much more general and you can talk about an individual scatterer in the 2D or 3D lattice. Now we will try to relate this reciprocal space I mean as well as the Bragg law. Look at this schematic I have just drawn a cross section of a solid sphere that is why the inside of the circle is shaded that means a cross section of the sphere where inside you are seeing that a plane and then this is incident ray and this is a diffracted ray and then you have the 2 theta angle is shown like this and let us now look at the remarks relation of reciprocal space to Bragg's law. Now let us relate to the Bragg law. The Bragg law is related to reciprocal space through evolved sphere. The another concept similar to reciprocal concept for a diffraction is an evolved sphere. So what you are now seeing on the schematic is a cross section of an evolved sphere. So that is what you are seeing. Let us see A is the physical situation where the incident waves in the S0 scatter of Hkl planes in the direction S. B is the situation in the reciprocal space. So this is a real space like you have S0 and S and what you are seeing is an actual condition for the diffraction through an evolved sphere. You see that let us assume this as A and this is B and this is O. From the geometry we will be able to derive some expression based on which the diffraction condition can be arrived. So suppose if you define this A O vector S0 by lambda and A B vector S by lambda and you can look at the difference between A and B. So this is the difference between A and B. Look at this. This is called a diffraction vector S minus S0 by lambda by this relation. You see that the evolved sphere radius is 1 by lambda. So that is something which you have to remember. The evolved sphere radius is 1 by lambda and then now we will see how this geometry can be related to a diffraction. So from the figure B A O equal to 1 by lambda and sin theta is equal to B O divided by 2 divided by A O. So let us see what is that. So this is the triangle we are talking about. So this is B O. So B O by 2 for sin theta we can write like this. B O by 2 divided by A O. So that B O can be written as 2 sin theta by lambda and then since B O is equal to mod of S minus S0 by lambda which is nothing but this distance which can be rewritten like this S minus S0 by lambda mod is equal to 2 sin theta by lambda. From Bragg law 2 sin theta by lambda can be written as 1 by D. So the relation to the reciprocal lattice is as follows. The vector O to B is a reciprocal lattice vector r star hkl which has the magnitude 1 by D. When a reciprocal lattice point lies on the surface of the evolved sphere Bragg's law is satisfied and a diffracted beam passes through the point. So now you write the reciprocal lattice vector r star hkl which is equal to S minus S0 by lambda which is equal to hB1 plus kB2 plus lB3. The vector S minus S0 by lambda is called a diffraction vector which is nothing but r star hkl in a reciprocal lattice space. The diffraction angle 2 theta hkl is the angle in the space between the beam incident on the crystal and the diffracted beam that passes through the hkl diffraction peak. So you have to remember this how this is related to a diffraction condition through this diagram. So what it says is this is the diffraction vector which is nothing but r star hkl in a reciprocal space. So whenever this point hits on the surface of this sphere then the diffraction condition is satisfied and that is what is stated here. And now in order to visualize this concept little more we will look at some more schematic. What we are seeing here is in a schematic A and B a relation of reciprocal space to the evolved sphere. A is the incident beam is in 100 direction. Suppose this is the S0. The S0 is in the 100 direction, 100 direction. So the evolved sphere intersects the red mark as an evolved sphere which intersects 210 and 21 bar 0 reciprocal lattice points that is here as well as here. That means these two peaks will diffract. These two reciprocal points are diffracting set of planes. And what we are seeing in the schematic B is now the crystal has been rotated to 45 degree. So the crystal has been rotated to 45 degree. Then what happens is the evolved sphere now intersects 200 and 12 bar 0 reciprocal lattice points. You can see that 12 bar 0 and 200 reciprocal points which are coming on the intersecting the evolved sphere. So between these two rotation no other points are possible for the diffraction. That is what it means. So if you look at the diffraction spots 21 bar 0 and 210 after rotating to 45 degree you have a new planes 200 or 12 bar 0. And between these two rotation there are no other possibilities for the diffraction. That is what it means. So this is one way of interpreting the evolved sphere concept. And what is this schematic shows? This is also a set of evolved spheres but it says the limiting sphere. What do you mean by limiting sphere? The limiting sphere is the locus of the farthest point of the evolved sphere when rotated in all orientation. So right now we have seen that rotating into two direction. And suppose if you rotate another 45 degree, another 45 degree, another 45 degree. What are all the points will intersect in the reciprocal lattice? That is this is the reciprocal lattice. Where all it will intersect that is a maximum possible planes which will contribute to the diffraction or the planes maximum number of planes that will intersect the evolved sphere that is called limiting sphere. So that is what is shown here in a plane of B1 and B2 lattice. And this defines the limiting sphere like this. And another very interesting example I would like to show where the evolved spheres for molybdenum copper and chromium K alpha radiations in analyzing the a simple phase centered cubic structure with the cell parameter 4 angstrom. Suppose if you use one of this radiation for example let us use a chromium radiation. So which is 1 by lambda of chromium which forms the evolved sphere around these lattice points I mean reciprocal lattice points which have only 1 1 0 3 1 0 2 0 0. Since your reciprocal I mean your evolved sphere radius is 1 by lambda which is a function of a wavelength of a given radiation it can explore the possibility of finding the reciprocal planes only in a limited number that is 1 1 0 3 1 0 and 2 0 0 type. Suppose if you use a copper radiation then your radius increases then your evolved sphere become little bigger and now you see in addition to the 1 1 0 and 3 1 0 and 2 0 0 planes you have you are able to examine phi 1 0 4 2 0 2 2 0 etcetera. So as the lambda changes you are able to incorporate large number of reciprocal lattice points that means you are able to get into atomic planes more atomic planes which are satisfying the Bragg conditions. So the one last one is a molybdenum radiation you see that it covers quite a bit of reciprocal points that means it forms a huge sphere evolved sphere which will intersect which will intersect through many reciprocal point including large number of planes. So this is what the evolved sphere concept is readily visualized. So what you are now seeing is the black spot is as I said it is a reciprocal lattice points and then we will also look at this similar electron diffraction pattern and then again we will come back with the evolved sphere concepts to understand little more on the diffraction phenomena. But to start with this is very nice example and schematic to look at the different schematic to understand the relation between the Bragg's law and reciprocal lattice and evolved sphere. So the evolved sphere actually links the Bragg law and the reciprocal lattice that way we can consider it is a very nice concept to understand appreciate the diffraction phenomena. Now we will move on to intensities of diffracted beam. At the end of the day if you are interested in analyzing the crystal with X-ray diffraction we are interested in intensities and we will account for the intensity expressions and then we will see what are all the parameters which will influence the diffraction intensities when it happens with the amorphous material when it happens with the crystalline material or a single crystal or a poly crystal and so on. So the intensities are important and their quantification is important but we should now know what all the parameters which will control the diffraction intensities of X-rays. So we will begin our discussion with this. Let us look at the two I mean crystal structures simple crystal structures what you are seeing in the schematic A is a base centered unit cell and B is the body centered unit cell. The positions of the atoms in the unit cell affect the intensities but not the direction of the diffracted beams. So to prove this concept how the positions of the atoms in the unit cell is going to affect the diffracted beam we are going to illustrate through this two examples. One is a base centered unit cell another is a body centered unit cell and if you assume that X-rays are coming and then diffracting through both the unit cells and then you will get the corresponding ray diagram like this A and then B. I would like you to look at this ray diagram carefully the ray 1, 1 prime and 2, 2 prime and the distance is C and this two diagrams we have already seen on the in the previous classes you will recall when I talked about the importance of two zero zero planes. For example if you see that what is the path difference between these two 1, 1 prime and 2, 2 prime they are out of phase by a one wavelength or I would say that the path difference A, B and plus B, C is equal to some H lambda something like that. So but if you come to this unit cell the situation is slightly different suppose if you assume that these two planes diffract the X-ray and then their phase difference is is about one lambda here it is exactly half of that phase difference for example if because we have the other plane which is inserted in between so the 3 E 3 prime prime ray will have the phase difference exactly half of the the previous one so that means this phase difference is going to completely annul the intensities of the X-rays diffracted by this ray 1, 1 prime as well as 2, B, 2 prime so that means your phase difference is not going to get the intensities from one zero zero plane at all. So I hope you you get this idea this has been already I had told you and the phase difference I have also separately discussed how you have to visualize the phase difference and how they annul each other or they contribute to the constructive interference. So in this type of a crystal where you have this the path difference or the phase difference exactly half of this unit cell they are going to lose the intensity from one zero zero so that is what we are concluding this example shows how a simple rearrangement of atoms within the unit cell can eliminate a reflection completely. The intensity of a diffracted beam is changed not necessarily to zero but any change in the atomic positions and conversely the atomic positions can be determined only by the observation of diffracted intensities. So the aim is to establish a exact relation between atomic position and the intensity. The problem is complex because of the many variables involved and the relationship must be developed step by step by considering how X-rays are scattered by an electron then by an atom and finally by all the atoms in the unit cell. So we would we would look at the how the diffracted intensities are changing by step by step first by scattering by the electron then by an atom and then by unit cell then we will look at the the whole expression for the X-ray intensities diffracted by a crystal. So we will continue to look at this diffraction phenomenon and then we will in the next class we will start with the X-rays which when they are scattered by an electron what are all the physical phenomenon we will go through. Those things we will look at in the next class. Thank you.


If one had begun one's chronicle of the terrible and hateful Badab war, with a statement that it had been fundamentally caused by the taxation of trade routes to outlying star systems being in dispute, one's acolytes would have scoffed and powered off their archived cogitators in search of a more serious explanation upon the subject. For how indeed could something so simple as tithe be involved in one of the most vicious civil wars to ever rend the Imperium asunder? How indeed, but I tell you that it is just so. Would that it were simpler, but as with all things surrounding the events of the war, it was far from direct. The fall of the astral claws was no quick thing, no one act that precipitated catastrophe, and if we are to understand, we must be granted the fullest of accounts possible. In one's previous record, you were introduced to the Maelstrom, the imperial claims to the sectors surrounding that hideous warp anomaly, and an account of the early days of the Brotherhood of Astartes chapters, collectively known as the Maelstrom Warders, up to the ascension to chapter mastery of the astral claws by Lugft Huron. Then, this is a further record of the events leading up to the outbreak of hostilities in the Badab sector, covering the rise of the Tyrant, the rebuke of the High Lords, and the schism of Badab. As noted in one's previous record upon his rise to power, Chapter Master Huron had vastly increased the space-faring capabilities of his warriors through the incorporation of non-Codex vessels, and it expanded the chapter's armory significantly through the addition of often prescribed and even exterminatis' great weaponry. All was done on the young Chapter Master's claims of necessity, harshly rebuking any who would question his non-standard practices, which, it must be said, often skirted and outright broke the strictures of the Lex Imperialis. To Huron, or so he claimed in the years following his appointment in 715 M41, all this expansion of the Claws was done because the Maelstrom Zone had been abandoned by the High Lords of Terra. While Terra was in dereliction of its duty, he claimed the Maelstrom Warders and the Astral Claws specifically never would be. All he did, he did for the good of the Zone, and its loyal, imperial citizens. In 512 718 M41, three years after Huron's ascension to Chapter Mastery, Bedap Primaris, the capital world of the Maelstrom Zone, suffered a failed coup d'état against its aristocratic rulers, leading, ultimately, to an abortive civil war that threatened to fully consume the High of World. Unwilling to see the jewel of the Zone fall to the fires that Cygnax had, the Astral Claws intervened to crush the rebels. Under heavy interrogation, several ringleaders revealed their ties to off-world smuggling rings, that themselves had connections to the piratical raiders that plagued the Zone. The same smuggling rings had been flooding the underworld of Bedap with cheap arms and narcotics cut with industrial chemicals, with the intent to not only profit from the sale, but the hope that tensions would boil over into an even more profitable open war. Huron, enraged at such widespread corruption occurring on the most populous planet in the Zone, responded with overwhelming force. The rebels and their cells were annihilated, with extreme prejudice, but the Astral Claws did not stop there. Civilian protests at the destabilizing effects of the coup were similarly crushed, and the Claws became renowned for dragging members of the aristocracy from their high-high manners to execute them very messily and very publicly. Connections between the ruling class and the smuggling operations were quickly established, and all those found even moderately involved were slaughtered at the hands of the Claws. Unwilling, he claimed to let a power vacuum form in the aftermath of the destruction of the majority of the planet's rulership class, Huron took to many a surprising step. He assumed direct control of the entire Bedab sector. Personally. Styling himself as the tyrant of Bedab, a name he claimed was only appropriate as a designation for one who was there to bring the harshest of the Emperor's justice, Huron took the worlds of Bedab as his chapter's fife, and Bedab primaris for his new seat of power. Claiming the precedent of distant, glorious Ultramar, Huron spoke proudly of ushering in a new era for the Astral Claws, the maelstrom warders too, and indeed the entire zone. No longer, he claimed, would rot, be let fester in the hearts of these worlds. The purges continued, unabated for years. All elements within the zone deemed morally unworthy, or worse, morally recidivist, or excised, brutally and visibly, by the Astartes of the Astral Claws. The centralization of power around Bedab was the work of decades, but it only increased in rapidity as the years wore on. The armories and fleets of the Claws and their fellow warders' chapters continued to expand as Huron brought more and more elements of the Imperium within the zone under his personal purview. The Claws' squads established watch bastions throughout the entire Bedab sector, staffed fully by Astartes from the Claws, and unaugmented humans fully loyal to Huron. Political allies amongst the local Mechanicus, Ecclesiarchy, Munitorum, and Administratum offices had the power vastly increased by the tyrant's patronage, but all would ultimately pay heed to his will. Huron became a pocket empire in all but name, Huron even going so far as to completely reorganize the entire defense force within the zone, cutting through the usual chains of planetary and sector command by establishing the Tyrant's Legion, a unified structure for the entirety of the Astro-Militarum and planetary defense forces of the Maelstrom. This was intended to deny the usual isolationism that was common amongst regiments stationed in Borger regions, such as the zone, but was nonetheless quite unprecedented. The Militarum and planetary defense forces are siloed in the Leximperialis, often for a reason. Command flowed down to the Legion from Huron alone, and while there were many detractors to the move, those who sought to cite precedent or law or simple expediency, they were simply removed from the equation, and all knew by whom. By 790 M41, the Tyrant's reforms, if such a massive power seizure can be called such, had apparently succeeded. The Tyrant's Legion had held its own against a dozen major pirate raids, something no unaugmented imperial force had actually managed for years. With the necessity of defense now handled by baseline human regiments, the Astral Claws were freed from their protective stance to go on the offensive, crushing numerous pirate worlds and Xenos warrens in stunningly brutal lightning raids that utilized the expanded capabilities of the chapter's fleets with a plumb. It was, as emerged in the dreadful aftermath of what was to come, around this time that Huron and the Astral Claws began to cease their shipments of gene seed to the Magi Invigula of the Adeptus Mechanicus. An arm of the wider Mechanicus biologis, the Invigula is a subset of the machine cult, responsible for the monitoring and preservation of the genetic purity of the Adeptus Astartes. Under their remit, they are granted shipments of Astartes gene seed from every single chapter, the genetic template from whence the chapter develops all the biological enhancements that are acquired in the creation of one of the Emperor's Angels of Death. This is a vital part of the process that ensures the survival of a chapter. Should some capitalism or other befall them in battle or otherwise, the stocks of the Magi Invigula can restore them to operational strength. Should an unforeseen Genophage ravage their stocks, the Invigula can, with the Emperor's blessing, discover its source. It is not uncommon for these shipments to be less than routine. The Adeptus Astartes are few, and their foes are many. The chapter may be on campaign for over a century. The exigencies of warfare forcing them to retain their gene seed reserves, should it be needed. The vagaries of warp travel, the bureaucracy of both Imperium and Mechanicus, any number of reasons besides can delay or interrupt the flow of the precious genetic material. At first, lack of stock from the Astral Claws was claimed by the chapter as the former. It prerequisites for their expansion of Imperial control in the Bedab sector lest they suffer some mighty setback. After years, petitions by the Invigula simply began to go unanswered. Some within the Mechanicus wondered if an altogether more sinister motive was at play, that the stymying of the Claws' gene seed was, in fact, a deliberate act. It would, in many ways, be one of the first major tenets of Astartes' traditions Huron and the Astral Claws would break. But it would not be the last. Huron, however, was buoyed by the successes of the 700s. His star was in ascendancy, his regime becoming unshakable, his chapter and his brethren and his realm actively prospering. No longer constantly playing defensive against all that the Maelstrom could throw at them, the Astral Claws were actively expanding the Emperor's domain and permanently ending the threats posed by the sundry enemies of humanity. Seeing opportunity, he bade a delegation of petitioners to make the long and arduous journey from the Maelstrom Zone to Holy Terra itself, to present a lengthy document to the Senatorum Imperialis and the High Lords of Terra, outlining Huron's most audacious move yet, the complete subduing of the Maelstrom itself. Such a thing had not even been deemed accomplishable in the Halcyon days of the Great Crusade, when the Emperor himself led the legions of Astartes abroad across the stars. Yet Huron claimed it was possible, his petition outlining warp corridors into the storm, to ensure Xenos, arch-enemy and recidivist holdfasts, the incalculable resources the Imperium would gain by obtaining so many warp-tossed planets, celestial bodies and space-hulks, and perhaps, most tellingly, the sheer amount of military material and manpower Huron would need to accomplish it. The chaptermaster of the Astral Claws, deemed that nothing short of a new founding would be needed to bolster the number of Astartes included within the Maelstrom Warders, and that he, as the protector of the Badab sector, should be the one to spearhead this. The petition was rejected outright by the Senatorum. It had long before its mere hearing already been dismissed by the High Lords, whose judgement deemed the resources demanded far better spent elsewhere within the Imperium. The presentation had been permitted, as an acknowledgement of the work the Maelstrom Warders and the Astral Claws had done in the previous century of expansion, but the ruling of the High Lords remained, that if they had managed to accomplish all that they had, with the resources at hand, then they were fully accomplishing their original remit as wardens of the Maelstrom Zone, not crusading warriors. To Huron, it was a betrayal of all that he and his chapter had ever accomplished, and he responded with the only means at his disposal. Since the foundation of the Imperium, the Great Tithe, terraced you, the Grand Harvest, whatever your name for it, has ever been a point of contention between the Administratum and his Imperial Majesty's subject domains, for when in our history has taxation ever not been so? Regardless, it is and always will be a facet of life within our Imperium. The reaping of human lives and material resources from every subject world within his borders. Per the remit of the Lex Imperialis, this is intended to be assayed based on a world's measure and ability to pay it, at least in theory, as often the records of the Administratum are less than complete. Some worlds may be subject to extortionate taxation because they share the same name as another, more prosperous planet, or because an acolyte misplaced a line upon a ledger, or a zero in a number, millennia beforehand. The system, as with all systems within the Imperium, is imperfect and brutal, but it is relentless, direct, and inviolate. Should those who break their obligation do so visibly, and by means that can be discovered, the long arm of the Lex Imperialis will bend towards retribution. Huron's termination of his domain's tithe was a deliberate act of protest against what he stated was the blindness of the High Lords, to both the Zone's plight and to the achievements of the Astral Plaws. Withholding of their Jews was just about the only means of protest available to anyone within the Imperium that can actually achieve anything, but often that achievement comes at the end of an Arbites Power Mall, or worse, an Inquisitor. Had a chapter of the Adeptus Astartes was responsible for it, an organization usually completely removed from this particular wheel of the Administratum was quite unprecedented, and it certainly achieved in drawing eyes to Huron's worlds. The tyrant had additionally stymied all trade that passed through the Zone, cutting the Imperium off from the ore and minoring operations in the Pale Stars. All the resources once claimed by Terra were now Hurons, and he diverted them fully to shoring up and expanding the Zone's defences and fleets. This took the form, in the Badab sector at least, the construction of gigantic void-faring defense platforms, dubbed by the tyrant the Ring of Steel. On Badab Primaris Huron demolished the old palace of the deposed oligarchy, erecting in its place a fortress of his own design, the soon-to-be-infamous Palace of Thorns. The Imperium did not immediately notice the sudden halt of all material from the Zone, because the Imperium does not immediately notice anything. Rather, as more and more broken contracts, delayed shipments, and missing resources piled up upon worlds that had come to expect them, word spread further and quicker that the tyrant of Badab had reneged upon his word. Astopathic messages shot between the Adeptus Terra, the Adeptus Administratum, and the segmentum court's temporal, as did the blame for letting the situation get to where it had. Ponderously, the Imperium would come to realize that it had arrived at a situation completely unprecedented, a disparity between the rights of the Administratum to collect the Great Tithe and the rights of the Adeptus Astartes to defend the Imperium by any means necessary. The tyrant was asserting his claim over the full resources of the Maelstrom Zone in order to defend it and the Imperial citizens within, and doing so, under the ostensibly same auspices the Ultramarines had always managed their own domain of Ultramar by, while the Sons of Gilliman had always paid their tithes to the very letter of their requirements. There was nothing in the Lex Imperialis that stated they had to, if military exigencies forced them to deem such an act a threat to the sanctity and security of their fife. Officers and chroniclers of the Lex engaged in a war of words with petty bureaucrats, mining cartels, shipping conglomerates, Mechanicus Magi, adepts of Terra, and representatives of the Tlaws themselves in a legal dispute that would become known as the Schism of Badab, and one that would last for over a century and a half, 150 years of lexographical feuding during which time the Badab Sector and the power of Huron continued to wax. Every victory the Astral Claws, the Maelstrom Warders, and the Tyrants Legion delivered during this period is stained with the shadow of misappropriated arms and armor, all taking place under the backdrop of significantly worsening tensions between Huron and not only segmentum authorities, but the Adeptus Administratum and the High Lords too. The sudden drought from a previously deep wellspring of resources was felt nowhere more keenly than in the Carthago Sector, where for over a millennium the Carthan Lords had held a monopoly on the distribution of all Maelstrom's own industrial goods. Buffered by far more war-torn regions, these oligarchs had grown fat upon the work and sacrifice of their fellow humanity, content to reap the benefits of their transit corridor existence. They were however still answerable to an authority, that of the segmentum and its procurators general, and these Tithe officers had little care for the reasons their tithes were suddenly stymied, only that they flow again. The Tyrant and his realm cared not for the fretting of the Carthan Lords, if even they knew of them. Freed from the comparative ignominy of their garrison duties, the Astral Claws began to take their skills abroad across the galaxy, foraying beyond the borders of the Maelstrom Zone for the first time since their assignment there centuries before. During the final days of the Fourth Quadrant Rebellion, Huron was elected as overall theatre commander by the combined assent of elements from the Astral Claws, Firehawks, White Scars and Celestian Guard chapters. He led his warriors into the very depths of the fighting, supported by Imperial Guard regiments drawn from the Death Core of Krieg and God Engines from the adeptus titanicus legiovenitor. The task force annihilated all arch enemy forces arrayed against them, a huge win for Huron who won widespread praise for his leadership, if said did ultimately lead to a grudge of honour from the Firehawks, whose own chapter master felt spurned by the appointment of the younger Huron as overall commander. Returning to the Zone, buoyed by his success, Huron, through machinations and calls for aid, instigated a crusade, but the zealous black Templars astart his chapter, into the eastern reaches of the Maelstrom in 869 M41. While their brethren were covering their flank, the Astral Claws led the Lamentors and the Mantis warriors from the Warpstorm's southern and northeastern corridors. What had been expected by most to be a failure in line with that of Huron's predecessor had been pivoted to a stunning victory, thanks in large part, it must be noted, to Huron's own tactical planning and knowledge of the intricacies of Maelstrom's own warfare. Fully 23 Xenos and arch enemy fortress worlds were scoured clean of taint, their hated inhabitants put to the torch and the sword. These included several fringe planets that had come under the thrall of heretic astarties from the ancient Wordbearers Legion, a coup for any Imperial force, and one Huron and his Claws took deep pride in. Encouraged by such pivotal successes, the Warders pushed further into the Maelstrom than any Imperial force in history had managed, with the Astral Claws and Mantis warriors directing a massive invasion against the last remaining stronghold of the flesh ghouls of the Howling Jire. Huron personally led the veteran first company of his chapter against the hateful creatures, detonating exterminators grade life eater virus capsules within their skin fortress and purging from the galaxy a foe that had menaced the Imperium for thousands of years. The Crusade of Wrath should have been counted amongst one of the greatest Imperial victories of the age, had there been anything in the way of justice in this pitiless universe. But for all their later downfall that would condemn them unforgivably, the Astral Claws succeeded where none before them had ever done so. Their actions undeniably made the Maelstrom zone and the Imperium as a whole safer, and they had visited the most righteous of Imperial justice upon the most hated of alien and heretic foes. They were poised to deliver yet more, but as ever with their tale, outside forces intervened. The Black Templars were forced to direct their crusading Fuhrer elsewhere to provide aid to devastated Ultramar, that realm having suffered so dreadfully under the just concluded first tyrannic war against high fleet behemoth. Having already sustained losses in excess of what would be considered advisable, and with stable warp corridors once overseen by the Templars now entirely unguarded, the Maelstrom Warders were forced to pull back, quitting the theatres within the warp storm for more defensible areas outside it. The Quran was, it is recorded, incandescent with rage, railing against an Imperium that had once more denied him not only the glory of completing his greatest work yet, but also one that was seemingly intent on acting against its own best interests. Matters were only worsened. In the wake of behemoth's staggeringly massive invasion, Ultramar's segmentum was in utter disarray. The tyrannic war had drawn in massive amounts of the segmentums available military forces, and everywhere the enemies of man sought to press their advantage against suddenly undefended marches. An Orc invasion larger than any seen in generations rampaged seemingly out of nowhere into the Maelstrom Zone's Endemian Cluster, the bloodshed of this invasion combining with the turmoil of distant Ultramar to swell the great storm of the Maelstrom itself into violent squalls and surges. Warprutes considered stable for centuries were rendered impassable. Doomsday cult uprisings in their hundreds racked the worlds of the Zone from its core to its fringes. The world of Fargos Hex simply vanished without a trace, considered by Imperial record to have been devoured by the Immaterium. Its true fate, likely, will ever remain unknowable. Their authorities seemingly slipping through their fingers, their forces scattered across sectors piecemeal to stymie invasions and purge rebellions and combat warp-tossed space hulks and gas ships. The Warders, and more importantly, the Tyrant of Badab himself, were watching their precious Zone collapse in real time. Records of Huron subordinates speak of him during these darkening days of the 800s of M41 as being unusually silent. The rage he felt in the aftermath of the Crusade of Wrath had seemingly vanished, replaced with an uncharacteristically dour and melancholic mien. He gave perfunctory orders for Astral Claw's interventions, be they against recidivist pogroms or Xenos purgations, withdrawing often to his own chambers or the chapter's archives for days on end. His reveries did not go unnoticed, for the chapter master had always been a font of incredible vigor and energy, igniting those around him to action. The captains of the chapter conversed upon the worrying state of affairs, as had it not been Huron's leadership under which they had accomplished so much. Much has been made by scholars of this particular chapter in the history of the coming conflict, for it shares much in common with the fall from grace of other great traitors in imperial history. What did Huron find in the archives or in the Panopticon Solar, in those ancient records or those floating data hollow myths? What indeed was he musing upon? Was a canker beginning to fester within him, spurred and as he had been by the Imperium at just about every turn of his leadership? Was resentment long building, finally budding, beginning to bury, terrible fruit? Or were still? Was this the culmination of a seed that had long, long been germinating, when deep in the maelstrom raging against its tides, had the chapter master gazed into that hateful abyss, only to have it open its many, many eyes and smile back at him with a mouth full of impossible teeth? It is possible, indeed, that the seed of corruption that had been planted in Huron's heart occurred long before his eventual rebellion, but it is likely we will never know the truth, as is so often the case with those of my order, all we may do is recount the terrible cost such downfalls have wrought, until such a time as the Chronicle of the Bedab War may continue. Ave Imperator, Gloria in Excelsis Terra. Please like, subscribe, comment, let me know your feedback, and as ever, thank you very much for watching.


Russian Ambassador. It is wanted to erase the name of Russia from the political map of the world. The entire Western world has turned against Russia, but it is already obvious that the plans to inflict a strategic defeat on it has been thwarted. Russian Ambassador to the United States Anatoly Antonov said at a meeting on the occasion of Diplomats Day on the Russian in the Russian Diplomatic Mission. It so happened that we have a lot to deal with. Our homeland is in danger again, as it was during the Great Patriotic War. The armed forces defend the sovereignty and independence of the Russian state in a special military operation. We, being thousands of kilometres away from our homeland, defend the interests of the Fatherland in conditions of a hybrid war unleashed against us. The ambassador said, the entire Western world has turned against us, but it is already clear today that plans to inflict a strategic defeat on our country have been thwarted. Russia, especially over the last year, has restructured the economy, strengthened its military power and intensified cooperation with most states. The diplomat continued. According to him, Russian diplomats feel the desire of enemies to undermine centuries-old friendship with the CIS countries, as well as Asia, Africa and Latin America. Yes, it is difficult for us. Yes, we live under economic sanctions. They want to even cut the name of our homeland from the political map of the world, Antonov noted. At the same time, he stressed the Russian Federation does not give up its goals, the main of which is the formation of a democratic world order based on equality and respect for international law. Such an order which will create conditions for fair development of all countries where national interests of each state will be respected based on the principle of indivisibility of security. The diplomat explained.


Mae'r cyflwyfyr yn y toffi, eistedd yn gwneud i gwaith. Everton 1, Wolves 2, y ffwll yn y parg oedd gwylltyn. Mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio. Mae'n rhoi'r cwrs er mwynhau oerbydd efallai. Mae'r cyflwyfyr yn y trofydd. Mae'n byw'r gwneud â Dwight McNeil i gwellio. Yn y gweithio, wedi gweithio, mae'n gwneud i'ch gweithio. Mae'n rhaid i gweithio ar hyn, hynny. ..'wfawr o'r bwysig o'n dweud, oed yn dweud. Mae'n meddwl, mae'n meddwl, mae'n meddwl, yn fawr, a'n meddwl. Yn i, mae'r hyn yn ei i yn ei eich gwaith, ychydig i'w Cynacodyll.. ..y'n ei eich gweddio'n meddwl, ac mae'n meddwl i'r fan hynny. Yn meddwl, mae'n meddwl. Gweithio'r ffaith a hynny'n meddwl o'u meddwl i'r meddwl. Mae'n meddwl, mae'n meddwl i'n meddwl i'w meddwl. fi'n gwybod i'n gyntaf i'r cyflwr i'n dod o'n gweithio i ddwylo'r cyffir sy'n ddim yn fwy o'r rhan o'r blynyddiol, a'r wyf o holl gwrs am y ddechrau, a oherwydd yn ddigonio i'n gwybod o'r ddechrau, ond, byddwn ni'n gwybod i'r cyflwr, rwy'n gwybod i'n gwybod i'r gwrdd, yn y rhaid i'r cyflwr, square was headed in by ymplings. And the Blues were off to the tremendous start when they looked. You think and like can we build on this and then the next cmheoo n rajaur mae'r dymlo andd yn ei wneud. We just allowed wolves to come into the game. I thought Everton sat off them too much at the Lord of the Ball. But didn't do anything with it. And I think this is something that is in Everton's play. Dyna, dyna eich rhai gwneud hefyd yn ddiw i'r rhain i'r gael, mae'r hyn yn fwy o'r pannu yn y flaenol yn y ddylch. Mae'n rhaid i dda i ddysgu. Mae'n rhaid i ddysgu. I ddysgu mae'r ddylch hynny, mae hwn amser. Mae'r ddod i ddod i ddysgu. Mae'r ddod i ddysgu'r ffainol yn y ddylch. Mae'n rhaid i ddysgu'n ddysgu'r ddysgu'r ddylch, beth mae'n ei ddysgu'r ddysgu'r ddylch. Mae'r tenderdiad. eraill yn ystrych. Mae Chylliannid yn cynnig, maen nhw'n dewis ymddangos o'r bobl gyda'r ysgol yw'r rywbeth, yn gwneud hynny, gyda'r ymddangos, yna'r bobl, amser. Mae Llywodraeth wedi'u hynny, ond mae'r bobl yn yw'r newydd, ond mae'n gobl yn gweithio yma, ond mae'r bobl yn ei gael. Mae'n gweithio, ond mae'n gweithio, a'n gweithio i'n It gets put back over the top and potentials on his own to knock a pass pick for them. The early advantage had gone. Everton then did have two tremendous opportunities to restore the lead, well three, if you'd include one, where Maupai ran into the wall's half as the faders play with the ball and somehow proceeded to kick it too hard, so that Joe's Aishah got there before him. Fy would really poor play and Anthony Gordon missed a tremendous opportunity after a really good play by a guy, he had the ball back and slipped it through to him, the first touch, dech mole, just hit it in like right foot into the corner he faced and me was down problem. He tr forces it back into the other corner and Jose Shah are ready and then Neil Mahle has another opportunity and fired it straight at Jose Shah. An it was one on at the break but everything would be really disjointed, Roedden i ni'n defnyddio. Mae hynna llawer o'r cyffredin yma, gan eich gweithio newid y cyflodau, mae'n dod i'r cyfodol o'r cyffredin sydd wedi'i i nihefyd ein bod y mawr. Mae'r cy striking yn traffio, a addyn nhw oedd y brifau yn bryd. Mae fymlo ben yma. Mae'n gweithio gydaill, yn ddiwedd dros lyf yn ysgol, Rydym y gallwn diwethaf a'r rhai y gallwn diwethaf. Rydyn ni'n defnyddio gymuned y myfyrdd a'r rhaid yn bywllwyr a'r hyn yn dwylo. Rydyn ni'n mas hwnno ei wedi'u busiedd. Mae hyn yn gweithio ar y sefydliad a'u'r mewn plwysig o ran chi'n ei gallu. Felly, mae'n meddwl i'i'r certynt. Mae'n meddwl i ddweud o ddwylo. Mae'n meddwl i'r bobl ei wedi'u bobl. Mae yw'r modd yn darparu hwnnw, Iím going to make it a judgment at the moment. The two will be in a bottom three with nothing in forest as the relegated teams right now. There's 22 games to play and it could change massively but the two will pull up all teams where I watch today. A'r tim yn ôl hefyd yn hwft yn pwft, you know, you see the stats at the end and they've had 12 shots, Wolves have had 7, they've had 6 on target. To Wolves is 4, 60% possession, they've had 59% possession. But when you actually are there watching it, there's no real good moves, no real good patterns of play. Any attempt that went goal was just weak. You know, we didn't manage to brought on Damari Grey for Dwight McNeill, but he didn't really get in the game either. We brought on Tom Cannon, but for me, the manager left that too late. Cannon came on, I think, like the 84th minute. But we still had an opportunity which was cleared off the line late on. Although, am y diwrn nhw, nes yw'r sgwrdd, for me, the free kick coming, he should have got his head on it, he went hunched and half-hearted. It broke so that we couldn't get a clear connection on it. And then Ben Goffrey stayed at goalwards but with no real conviction and Wolves smuggled it away off the line. And then the unthinkable happened, you know, Wolves had already made 5 changes.  An anti-nori, who come on. And they managed to scramble and everton attack clear. We missed 250 tackles, which we should have won on the broken. It went out of triori run through, and his cross wasn't very good ever, and the opportunity to clear it didn't. And it broke through anti-nori and he smashed it in to give Wolves a smashing grab. But a huge three points for them and obviously Lopatig is first game and he won it. And for Everton it just compounded the misery and I think the manager's got a real fight on his hands. Cos this looks now like Everton are staring at another relegation fight. They're in the middle of another relegation battle. Like I said before, 22 games left, but a trip to City at the weekend, you couldn't look at that with any saying. I didn't say that Everton will get something, so it's another relegation battle. And they offer it, I'm not sure. There's enough goals in the team now, there isn't. So it's going to be very interesting to see what happens in January. Everton need to spend some money in very quickly on forward players and another mafia player who's creative. They need at least three players in in January, at very least, and then players need to be in the door within the first few days. So all eyes on that now, or it's going to be a season where Everton may not escape this time if it carries on like this. Cos if this was the squad for the rest of the season, you would say Everton would go now, no question about it. There's just no goals in it. No idea how to break teams down. No idea how to put pressure on teams from long season ahead, sadly. It might have been a match for me, but it's a terrific game. I don't think anyone had a particularly good game, but I thought he kept going. One of many tackles is he could create a great opportunity for Anthony Gordon. And I think the manager made a huge mistake when he took him off and it cost everything again. He didn't do much today and Alex will be one of his poorest games on the Lampard. So it was a strange substitution for me, but no-one really covered themselves in any glory. That's it for me. Let me know what you think in the comments section below.  Thanks for watching. See you later.


Good I made great news dr. 40 is in and Dr. 40 will see you now How exciting For you dr. 40 is in the house ready to to diagnose Ready to heal All right, let's get well together. This is a safe place to explore your feelings and To come to terms with our mortality People who need people are the luckiest people in the world so Before we get to that there's some shocking news Coming out of europe So i want you to be sitting down for this that uh europeans Right europeans are quite concerned about afghanistan And this is how concerned they are The situation with afghanistan has many europeans convinced That they cannot rely on the united states to look after their security interests Shock and oh You mean Europeans cannot rely on someone else to look after their security interests Whoa this is This is truly shocking news. This is making me think that perhaps Maybe i can't rely on you to wipe my bum Perhaps i can't rely on you to look after my security interests Perhaps i can't rely on you to look after my health interests i mean i'm thinking Now that i can't rely on you to look after all of my needs This is this is shocking. I mean, this is a real story in the new york times Many europeans have become convinced that they cannot depend upon the united states To look after their security interests next again I conclude that they can't look at depend upon the united states to look after their sexual interests or the medical interests The afghanistan fiasco Quoting from the new york times guys has left many europeans more convinced than ever That they cannot rely on the united states to look after their security interests no matter who is occupying the white house Well, this reminds me of women who who posed naked for playboy And then playboy did not look after all their security financial and medical interests for the rest of their lives Like playboy just you know paid them 20 000 to pose for a centerfold But then playboy didn't look after them for the rest of their lives Or there are some women who go to bed with a mate with a bloke and then he doesn't look after them financially for the rest of their lives I mean This is truly disillusioning and so so the europeans Are finding that the american withdrawal from afghanistan. It's a betrayal They feel betrayed right just like when you find out that other people don't have the Priorities that you expected them to have and so you feel betrayed You feel betrayed because not every time that you run into your friends and acquaintances Are they overjoyed to see you? You feel betrayed When you realize that your your boss can replace you for someone who works harder and demands less money And so you feel betrayed anytime you have any kind of human connection. It is always accompanied by the Growing possibility of betrayal. You cannot have human connection without at times feeling betrayed So why do we feel betrayed because we find out to our shock and awe that other people Don't have the priorities that we expect and that we want them to have such as putting us near the top of Their list of priorities So when we find out that our friends don't always have us at the top of their priorities That our family members don't always have us at the top of their priorities We feel betrayed just like the europeans and americas withdraw from afghanistan How good this have happened This is awful so Who was i think bertrand rossels said that if uh if our friends knew what we were thinking Nobody would be able to maintain a friendship because I have friends And it's not every minute of the day that I would be thrilled to put down what i'm doing and to interact with them Like i'll probably never get married because I think it's entirely possible that there will be occasions where my wife Will want to talk about something and I will have a different priority then such as earning a living Or making a youtube live stream So I anticipate that if i'm lucky enough to get married That approximately 50 of the time that my wife wants to talk to me That won't be a really a good time for me to talk that very minute You know, i'm not prepared to like automatically put down everything that i'm working on everything that i'm interested in Everything that i'm developing everything that i'm thinking through to oh you need to talk At the same time, I don't expect my wife or my friends or my family to just automatically put everything that they're doing on hold To like accommodate, you know, my latest, you know emotional catharsis Yeah, I I might ruin my my bachelor brand. I gotta Gotta watch out for my brand mates. So shocking news from From europe and just applying that to our daily lives Maybe maybe we can't rely upon our boss to take care of our financial and medical needs for the rest of our life Maybe we can't rely on our workplace to take care of our sexual and romantic needs for the rest of our life Uh, maybe we can't get all of our social needs met by our church or synagogue Bell is in the house And that's great news not just for 40 It's great news for america Okay, what's going on with the chat? Blessings to luke the last hope the last legendary australian after crocodile dundee dies sargon australian has fallen Lady guest says their descendants of their jailers oof Yeah, women who shack out with dangerous men can't rely on other people to fix their problems Okay, and now what you're thinking 40 get back get back To diagnosis therapy and evidence conundrums in modern american medicine By one bloke one author gerald grob is a medical historian and the other author alan the horwitz is a Sociologist who specializes in medicine. This is such a fun book to read I love this book. This is the conclusion. This is the final chapter. Where do we go from here? So I have no doubt that having access to health care and affordable health care increases your your peace of mind and probably increases your quality of life and Probably reduces, you know unpleasantness Now generally speaking access to health care is not going to significantly increase your lifespan All right But just knowing that it's there like I would love to just have in my cupboard Now a bottle of 30 volumes like I haven't taken a value for for 20 years But yeah, I would like to know that there's like a bottle with 30 volume That you know after riccardo kicks my ass in some online debate That you know if worse comes to the worst or i'm i'm going to take a long flight to australia or something And it's an overnight flight that I can just take a volume and chill chill You know ricola is not enough. I would love to just have a bottle of 30 volume just for emergencies Not as a crutch not, you know for any ongoing use It would just It would give me peace of mind knowing that if I needed it there was like a volume for for emergencies But you know volumes are not as easy to as to obtain as they used to be because the media got obsessed in the 1980s By pointing out like all these people got addicted to volume all the people who are often themselves on volume So the one hand they were they were demonizing this anti anxiety medication volume at the same time They're appraising ssri's to the heavens when really volume and ssri's You know, there's no empirical evidence that one is significantly better or safer You know a finer or kinder a medication than the other Oh, so I understand access to health care and affordable health care gives you a piece of mind You don't worry about medical catastrophes that's going to wipe out your life savings It's nice to know that if you you know break a leg Like I have been like more reluctant to play contact sports when I didn't have health insurance I gave a broken ankle or broke a wrist. I once was playing Uh football with my synagogue and I broke this wrist I was rushing the pasta passer and like these Sisters they blocked me and I fell down And uh, I I broke my wrist in 1998 and then after I had the wrist surgery Coming out of surgery. It was a particularly vulnerable period of my life. It was like april of 1998. I had like a A low-scale low-grade, you know mini panic attack Hey So, yeah, you know, it's nice to have health care, but health care generally speaking It's not going to extend your lifespan and it's not Usually going to make a big difference to to the quality of your life probably make on average a moderate moderate difference Okay, so in in the media In our general culture, there's always great enthusiasm, right and I'm an enthusiast so Who am I to condemn enthusiasm and enthusiast like I'm always enthusiastic about something You know, I take something up one day, you know, I chuck it away the next day I'm I'm I'm just a an intellectual jiggler I fall in love with every beautiful idea that comes along But I ultimately stay stay loyal to none so We always have these new diagnostic categories. We always have these new pharmaceutical drugs and You know exciting developments in in medicine and medicalizing you know daily life all right, but doesn't really make much difference to your lifespan and Much of it makes no difference even to the quality of your life and much of it even probably has more downsides than the upsides Okay, so in 2021 we laugh at diagnostic categories of the past So in the mid 19th century, they would delineate more than a hundred different fevers All right, so these classifications have disappeared from the medical laxicon So almost all the medical Classifications and therapies that were even using 50 years ago. We don't use anymore And so we laugh at what they used to do 50 years ago but What we do now much of it is equally ridiculous as categorizing 100 different types of fevers So what is rls? What's the what's the? meaning of rls Restless leg syndrome press 1 if you got restless leg syndrome press 2 if you got chronic fatigue syndrome Press 3 if you've got major depressive disorder Uh press 4 if you got fibromyalgia All right So there's as much evidence for restless leg syndrome chronic fatigue syndrome fibromyalgia a major depressive disorder is there's evidence for the you know more than 100 different types of fevers that doctors were Were diagnosing 170 years ago So there's no difference between restless leg syndrome chronic fatigue syndrome fibromyalgia major depressive disorder And you know diagnostic categories from 100 200 years ago So many of our contemporary medical Diagnoses completely lack an empirical foundation Right generally speaking studies into the efficacy of various medical therapies and medication They don't really take genetics for example into consideration. So in that terrific book the nurture assumption Judith rich harris makes the point that there's no form of parenting parenting that has been statistically shown to produce results Right, so they're all there's you know, the chinese mother of parenting and jewish mother parenting and helicopter parenting and tough love parenting. There's no form of parenting that Has has been established to produce statistical results All right, so so too almost all studies about parenting And different forms of education. They don't take into consideration the genetics of who they're talking about and so to with most medical diagnoses they they and and medical therapies and pharmacological Solutions they don't take genetics into account generally speaking So think about chronic You know chd. What's that? Uh chronic heart Chronic chd medical abbreviation for congenital heart defects all right congenital heart defects Oh chd that's that's got to be coronary heart disease Okay, coronary heart disease think let's think about coronary heart disease. So for the last 70 years that heart doctors cardiologists were continually updating and changing their advice and they were claiming that chronic You know heart disease was related to all these behavioral You know risk factors like eating too much saturated fat Right, and so I was raised on this really unhealthy horrible vegetarian diet There's basically 80 10 10 Now 80 percent carbs 10 percent protein 10 percent fat. That's the diet. I was raised on it was horrible It's just horrible diet. So It's only when I was able to take you know meat in the form of capsules That uh, I've been able to turn my health around and that's just in the last three weeks So I mean obviously by our teeth structure and the way our digestion system works we were built to to eat meat And it's such an antisocial thing to do to raise your your kids vegetarian. All right, but All the experts about chronic heart disease are always telling you oh, this is a risk factor And that's a risk factor all right, and There's no there's very little empirical evidence that any of these like, you know risk factors actually played much of a role in chronic heart disease and same with the the causes of cancer You know we were told that the causes of cancer are related to diet And I think conservatives particularly love this this kind of analysis because conservatives have this huge belief in free will And uh, I'm not I'm not really eating meat. I'm just throwing capsules that contain meat All right. It's just it's like it's the medicine. All right. I'm just taking it for medicine. I'm not I'm not like tasting it. I'm not enjoying it. I'm just like swallowing swallowing capsules of meat And damn, I feel good. I feel so good I mean finally like after a lifetime of feeling like crap Baraka sham praise god All right, and so all these claims about about I'm only eating the I can't eat meat directly because I got aphobia And I'm sure I can overcome it, but I'm just too weak and I'd rather just like swallow it in in capsule form okay, so So we've had all these claims of chronic heart disease and cancer You know related to diet or to behavioral attribute. Yeah and conservatives love this because conservatives You know have this strong belief that individuals are in control of their own destiny right so So people left the center they believe much more in in bad luck And and paleocons and people to the right of conservatives or people who have a strong belief in genetics They're much more skeptical about free will they think people essentially Play out their genetics combined with their environment But conservatives love the idea that they're in control of their own destiny that we can make healthy choices and they'll Steve off chronic heart disease and cancer by making healthy choices and eating healthy and getting lots of exercise and Good amounts of sleep and thinking positive thoughts and we can be in control of our own destiny. All right, that's a very typical conservative way of thinking To be continued


Let me extend to you all an extremely warm welcome. We're delighted to see so many of you here this morning. I think we have a wonderful array of speakers and participants, many of those who have been at the forefront, I think, of the great migration of content, either in the development of models, business models, for creating and distributing cultural works in the digital environment, or at the forefront of thinking through what exactly is happening here and what are the consequences of this great migration. What is our objective in this particular treaty, which has its genesis, actually, in the development agenda of WIPO and a particular project on IP, intellectual property and competition? I think our objective is, first and foremost, to take stock, once again, if I may say, but to take stock of what has changed and is changing in licensing, in particular, or more generally, the distribution of content in the digital environment. And secondly, and perhaps more importantly, to see what is not working, what is needed, what is lacking in the current system for dealing with the generation and distribution of creative works. And in particular, what is lacking or what is needed to make a vibrant marketplace, a vibrant marketplace which respects, I think, the fantastic possibilities for the generation and distribution of content that are given by the digital environment, to make a pro-competitive marketplace, one in which there is space for all actors and for new actors, in particular, to participate, and also, and perhaps above all, to make an efficient marketplace, because the great trends of convergence and globalization have left a certain redundancy in some of the models that we have used in the copyright world for over 100 years now. So an efficient marketplace that respects, I think, the speed of the technology, the global reach of the technology, and the global audience that there is for creative works increasingly. Let me just make one obvious point here, and that is that when one addresses these questions, you know, what is missing in the current environment to make a vibrant and an efficient marketplace and a pro-competitive marketplace, I think it's a very different problematic, obviously, quite obviously, and probably, therefore, very different solutions from the situation that we face at the end of the 19th century during another wave of globalization with the railways, of course, the steamships, the telegraph, and the telephone, all of which brought about a much more intense set of connections and a much more intense movement of people and, ultimately, cultural goods. And it was a very different problematic that we now face from that one. That one led, of course, to the conclusion of the Berne Convention and to an emphasis on the legal architecture as the place where something was missing and the place where we could find solutions. I personally believe that while the legal architecture is, of course, immensely important, in the current environment, the technical architecture, and I think the lead speaker has pioneered this train of thought, the technical architecture, Professor Lessig, the technical architecture and infrastructure is, of course, key to both the description of what is lacking and the solution. And that we should indeed focus on that. What are the elements of technical infrastructure or architecture that are missing in the system in order to make a vibrant, pro-competitive and efficient marketplace? I think the discussion, or I hope the discussion, will generate this, but let me just say that there are, of course, many interesting ideas around. And just in passing, let me mention what seems to be an idea whose time has come of a global repertory database as an essential piece of global infrastructure or an essential global public good or asset. As one obvious, at least, path that we should follow in our discussion of identification of gaps and suggestions of solutions for the future. Let me say in conclusion that as far as WIPOC is concerned, I would like to assure you all that we are totally committed to this area and to finding a way in which we can make copyright work in the digital environment. And what does that mean? I think we're all agreed on the objective here. The objective is to have the widest possible availability of cultural works that is enabled by the new digital environment, while at the same time also affording a viable economic basis for culture, a viable economic basis for the major cultural participants. We're all agreed on, I think, the objective. And we are, at WIPOC, of course, absolutely committed to this and to ensuring that whatever we can do, we will do to contribute.


Russell Fork Pharmacy is your locally owned pharmacy, offering fast, friendly service with competitive prices and free delivery. Call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Visit RussellForkPharmacy.com and download our free mobile app for refill requests and more. The Floyd County Schools District is ready to help pre-kindergarten children transition into elementary school. And best of all, the program is free of charge. We have an opportunity for families with four-year-old children and it is a school readiness transition program. So it's totally free for any family in Floyd County that has a four-year-old. We're looking for four-year-olds who have no prior preschool experience. So that means they would not have attended Head Start, Pre-School or a Child Care Center in Floyd County. And they have opportunity to attend 10 Saturdays beginning March 7th through July 25th. And it's two Saturdays a month for three hours each Saturday beginning at 9 o'clock until 12. And we're hosting this at Allen Elementary School. So it's kindergarten and preschool teachers that will be teaching and working with their children for those three hours. And we know that transition is a huge process for the entire family and not just that four-year-old. So each of those Saturdays, we will have directors from our Floyd County School District there to speak the first hour. With parents and answer questions around topics such as transportation, food service, health services, the state kindergarten screener, etc. It's basically geared toward kindergarten readiness. So it's going to be working on academic skills, social-emotional skills, you know, those cognitive skills of the child. Alphabet numbers, shapes, colors, all of those things that we would like to introduce the children to. And then a big part of it is just going to be the love for learning and hoping that the children will come, love school, love learning, do fun activities and be excited when they come through our door in August for the first day of kindergarten. So our goal with the council with this new initiative with the Floyd Little Scholars Academy is to assist families and let them know we want to partner with them to help them get their child ready to answer all the questions they may have. If they're nervous about their child starting school with us.  So we hope to ease that and make that transition for the entire family smoother. The flyers are posted on the website, but we are currently taking applications and we have taken a couple already. But the easiest way is to call Sarah Johnson in the early childhood office at<PHONE_NUMBER>. But certainly if you don't want to call and you want to look at the flyer online, you can go to the Floyd County Schools website, which is floyd.kyschools.us and go to the early childhood page and the flyers are there. And then we will be doing some mailings of the flyer and welcome letter to families in the Floyd County area that we don't have currently enrolled with us to try to reach out that way. You can visit floyd.kyschools.us for more information.


All right, you up. That's the text the Packers sent me, and it's what you are looking for. Sleepers for week 11, needed to spark. I got you covered here. Go Daniel Jones, Vanilla Vic. I can't. We're not gonna get into that. We've seen DJ go off this year in games where he uses his legs. The Lions have allowed the most rushing arts to quarterbacks this season. The most fantastic points to them as will have a Brian Robinson at Texans. He finished week 10 against the Eagles as the RB two. Just the second time he's done so all year inside the top 24. Let's do it. How about, let's go, let's go, let's go. Who we got? Who we got? Darius Slayton. We know the Giants aren't a volume passing attack. Slayton's emerged as a consistent option. Double-jit points in three straight weeks. Clear, number one there. Tyreek Wilde, DK Macabre, Mike Evans. 10 of receivers on buys this week. That's rough. Get him in there. And then you can also, because there's so many buys. Kaderious Tony, Juju Hardman. They're still near.  So we could be getting Kaderious Tony show. Sunday Night Football. Even if these guys play, we can still have a big game for him. He's really worked himself into that offense. And then you got Joanne Johnson here. Favorite targeted Andy Dalton, especially in the red zone. We want Andy Dalton in chains. And the way we get it is by putting Joanne Johnson in your daily lineups over at Fan Dual Sports Book. I'm not kidding. Great streaming option, Joanne up against the Rams this week. And there you have it. We will be back because we've got some K-makers. Pow, pow, pow. After this, right here on Up and Atoms. Happy Friday. Cheers.


So if you guys are watching this video you need that Moonstone, guys you've come to the right place today I'm going to teach you everything you need to know about Moonstone and a method where you can earn absolutely hundreds in minutes people, stay tuned. So Moonstone is very important to conjure literally everything within the room of requirement and it's for variums so it's a material many many people are going to want and while today guys I'm going to showcase to you an incredible farm I recently found which you can reset and earn infinite amounts of this Moonstone but hey now have your attention guys if you do enjoy this video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more be sure to subscribe okay so there's actually three easy ways to make Moonstone we'll start with the basics when you first come to the room of requirement the equal teach you about the spells needed to edit this place and while you'll have this one right here Evernasco this is used guys to basically transform all your wall paintings and the furniture that was in here as standard into Moonstone and guys if you do this when you first come here every single picture on the wall I mean every chair in all the rooms you have take them away guys and you will earn an absolute ton I think you'll probably earn 500 maybe probably a little less than that and it'll take you probably about five ten minutes to actually just get rid of everything or the pictures on every wall in every room or the chairs the tables whatever get rid of it all guys just looks tacky anyway you don't need that shit okay so that's that's the one way another way guys is to actually buy these refineries now these are purchased from Tom's and Scrolls located in Hogsmead and it'll cost you I think it's 1500 gold for the blueprint and what these will do people is they will give you 10 Moonstone every 10 minutes but you can only make three of these you can get a max of 30 Moonstone every 10 minutes which is okay I guess but it's not incredible not like the next farm I'm gonna show you okay so yes I mean these will do AFK I mean but you will have to keep them back here every 10 minutes but yeah now you want you want to do the farm guys okay so the farm takes place right here I'm going to run this route for you so you want to come to the open world map just like so and you want to come up to this part right here the coral ruins this is the flue flame you want to come to north Hogwarts region so if you've got your broom just fly across here and activate this flue flame and what we're going to do guys with this farm is we're going to still gonna make our way across to about there that's basically where it ends I mean you can come down a little bit here which I'll probably do to show you but I mean it's inefficient to just you may as well just end it right here and you'll see this in a second but there's an absolute ton of these Moonstone bricks these rocks these crystals are along this run and I'll show you right now now I'll also show you then how to reset it so you can just basically farm this over and over earning hundreds upon hundreds in minutes guys so to run itself will probably take you about five minutes tops I've probably reset this since I've last been here I don't think I have if I haven't I'll show you how to do that okay so now I haven't reset it so to reset this guys all you need to do is skip time but you need to skip time by three days so to do this you need to go into your menu go to your map and do this six times because this will only change it 12 hours it'll go from night to day and then from day to night which is just 12 hours so doing it twice will be 24 hours but you need to do it three days so you need to do this six times now I have been away from here for quite a while so it's probably already gone a few days either way so I'll just speed this up guys so you don't have to watch this it's a bit boring but yes three days all together so six times you need to skip that and you should be good okay so time has been skipped and now guys from here just jump on your boom and you want to calm this way simple path you'll come across this little bridge here and you'll see your first set of moons done right here remember Revello will highlight them all in yellow yes I'll probably take my little bit of time but once you get this route down guys you'll see you can do this so quick it's unbelievable so that's the first set come down here people keep coming there's a few more just keep using that Revello there's a few there too don't worry about going up there come this way there's more around here just like so and now we're going to cross the water and go over this way we are going to come back up this side but hey there's more across here first which we want to get so let's come over this way just like so and you'll see there's a couple up here which are there right there you will come across a couple of enemies but hey you can just run straight past these you'll notice as well guys that some of them are locked inside they're inside the rocks I noticed this earlier completely weird but yeah don't worry about there's only a couple anyway you can't worry about them the ones that are locked inside of the rocks just ignore them and let's come this way no don't look onto them we don't care about the enemies there we go now come over here and jump down this way just like so you see there there's more in the rocks there which is completely weird weird don't know what's going on with that and then we're going to come over this way just like so come past these guys and more on your right hand side right there I revalued them just so you can see them no don't get any enemies so you go past them guys and then we cross the water right here then we work our way back up you'll see there's more here more here here's every value again you see them all there those beauties no stop it there we go more there more there more there I'm gonna let don't leave one then yes I did so there we keep going this way there's more here one there and then we go back a bit further and I'm sure there's a few more rocks right here there we go just there and then guys we're gonna turn back and we're gonna go up this hill because there's more yet people there's more yet and like I said you can reset these so you can constantly farm these and there's probably even more in the air I just wanted to keep the roots nice and short and simple but there's more in the area guys no doubt about it so you want to ignore these enemies and come over to this cliff right here and let's jump down right here and there's one rock right down there which I mean it's not important but you're gonna get it anyway so you can ignore that if you want it's only one then we come back down this path and we go down towards this way just like so just like so and then we're gonna turn the left here and there's loads more rocks here too you'll see a more highlight here there we go more there people are more down there give me a no I don't want you enemies get off my ass now we're just gonna go this way guys and there we have it no stop concentrating on them and we're almost this one there we go and there guys from here you simply I mean there's a couple more down that way but I think it's just out of the way don't really need to go and get them I mean from here if the enemies aren't on your ass the enemies are on my ass here so I'm just gonna use my broom get away from them to land there and then guys just want to make your way back to that through flame simple then what you do guys is like I said you'd skip three whole days that means you need to go to your map and pass time six times in doing this this farm will reset and these will be back here for you to farm and it really is that simple guys they can just repeat this over and over and I'll quickly speed up the video of me doing this now so you can see that it works but yes guys this is by far the quickest way I have seen in this game to earn these moon stones so if you want to build a masterpiece inside of your other variants but you need that moon stone to do it well this should help you out guys but guys if you do enjoy that video leaving a like really helps me out if you like what you're seeing want to see more Hogwarts be sure to subscribe and hey if you want to join my Hogwarts community over on my discord your that is linked down below come over chat talk about the game do what you gotta do people but guys thanks as always for stopping by people I'll see you on that next one


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