Can you see the screen now? Why black you can't see the screen now Now it's fine. So we'll start chemical reactions of amines Chemical reaction you write down. Okay. So the first reaction we have that is formation of salt formation of salt In this you see write down See it is right on this reaction first. Suppose you have amines like I'm taking one degree amine Rns2 plus HCl one thing in the reaction of amines You must keep in mind that this hydrogen which is attached to nitrogen over here. This hydrogen is always Most of the time it takes part in the reaction. Okay, so when you keep this in mind, it helps you in memorizing the reaction Okay, so what happens here? You see this our ns2 right our ns2 Since it is a formation of salt we are so here the same kind of reaction is not that I'll show you this thing that I told you just now here you see this our ns2 will have one lone pair here Right this lone pair will take this H plus from this Acid right and it forms a salt and that we call it as Formation of salt so that forms like this our NH3 Plus and We have Cl minus. This is the formation of salt we have from one degree of amines Okay, which we also write is our NH3 CL simply Okay, now what happens this if you write or if I write down like this also our NH3 CL This our ns3 CL from this salt we can easily obtain the amines from which the salt has been formed and for that purpose We use an A OH any Alkaline solution, okay, so this what happens in this this any CL Forms H2O also forms and our ns2 will get into this So finally we'll get one degree amines plus we'll get salt and a CL and plus water Releases in this so that one degree of mines gives you a salt which on Reaction with alkaline solution right alkali solution it forms the Amine with which it has been formed right But the same thing is not true when we have two degree of mines for two degree of mines you see the reaction Suppose we have R2NH. This is two degree of mine when it's react with react with HCl So this forms the same kind of salt which is R2NH2 Plus Cl minus or we can write it as R2NH2Cl. Okay. Now for this when you heat this it dissociates into the Into the amines which is the primary amines we have here RNH2 will get and plus we'll get alkyl halide RCl Okay, the salt that you get from second-degree amine that is two degree amine on Heating that salt we don't get the amine itself But we'll get one degree amine and alkyl halide This is also the preparation method of one degree amine from The from secondary amine from first we'll get the salt of it and then we'll heat this we'll get one degree of mines into this Okay Now the same kind of reaction we have when the mine is three degree tertiary R3N. R3N reacts with HCl Okay, so it forms again salt of it R3NHCl but when you heat this since it is Tertiary amines on heating it gives primary. Sorry secondary amines R2NH plus again RCl Okay, so these are the three different types of reaction We have in the formation of salt for amines one more important reaction here You write down one note you write down here three degree amine three degree amine forms Borein This is important. Okay, three degree amine is suppose we have CH3 whole thrice N CH3 whole thrice N when it reacts with Borein BH3 this Borein is electron deficient molecule, right? It is electron deficient Boron has in this state boron has six electron hence we call it as electron deficient and this lone pair of nitrogen It can donate to the vacant P orbital of boron here because this boron has one vacant P orbital So this forms and And what we say Dative bonding here BNH3 and this we call it as adept AWD lucity This is the reaction with Borein. You must remember Then then see first of all if you have RR dash two different group we have here, right? So in this what happens one of the alkyl group will take this Cl Right and forms our NH2. So suppose we have CH3 Right and C2H5 Cht and C2H5. So in this the See because this chlorine will be Cl minus electronegative, right? So this will take the lesser plus i nature the alkyl group which shows lesser plus i nature So if you have CS3 and C2H5 it forms CH3 Cl here and C2H5 NH2 Understood? One other thing you see if Yeah, correct. CS3 Cl and C2H5 NH2 will get so lesser plus i will go with halide and Cl Okay. Okay. Next you write down reaction with alkyl halide reaction with alkyl halide I'm just directly giving you the reaction here Okay, because we have 2R 30 unit 2 and half hour class only today. So I wanted to finish this Okay. So in this you see we have our NH2 it simply primary amines gives you secondary and secondary gives you tertiary And then tertiary gives you salt quaternary ammonia salt R dash X So it forms what Hx comes out like I said this hydrogen takes part in the reaction So this hydrogen and X forms Hx and we get our NH R dash plus Hx Again when this reacts with R dash X again and again it forms Rn R dash 2 plus Hx Okay, again when this reacts with R dash X. So we'll get quaternary ammonia salt into this R n R dash 3 plus X minus this is quaternary ammonia salt Again, whenever Amines reacts with alkyl halide will get primary Converts into secondaries then tertiary and then quaternary ammonia salt. Okay So this again it is again the preparation method of secondary amine and tertiary amine But it is not useful because we are getting mixture of amines into it.  What is acid chloride? We also call it as acylation acid chloride is this C double bond O Cl or acid halide is this what is the suffix for this in nomenclature we use What is suffix of acid halide? Suppose I'll give you this compound What is the name of this compound CH3? C double bond O Cl What is the name of this compound suffix is oil halide If halogen is there generally, I'm giving you it is oil halide Okay, but since chloride is there and one remember one thing we start numbing from this carbon here From the carbon of the functional groups. So two carbon is there. So we call it as what? It's an oil chloride I upsc name Fine. Yes or no Okay, so reaction with Acid halide you see One degree of mine like this RNH2 This RNH2 when reacts with supposed cl C double bond O CH3 Again, like I said that this hydrogen in this cl comes out and we get RNH C double bond O CH3 Plus at cl Okay, and the name of this compound is what what is the name of this compound? N with N alkyl group is attached. So we call it as N alkyl Acetamide Okay, co you see co ns2 is amide, right? co ns2 is Amide With one hydrogen is replaced by alkyl group. So we call it as N alkyl acetamide Or if you write down the name here, it will be N alkyl ethanamide Understood 2 degree of mine R2NH When reacts with cl C double bond O CS3 What we get into this again at cl goes out and we'll get R2N C double bond O CS3. What is the name of this compound? Yeah, N comma N di alkyl acetamide Okay, write it on the name N comma N di alkyl acetamide in all these reaction You see the hydrogen which is attached with nitrogen here takes part in the reaction And that is why tertiary amine does not react with acid chloride write down tertiary amide does not react with acid chloride third one Sorry next one you see reaction with nitrous acid nitrous acid Nitrous acid is what? HNO2 and how do we get this HNO2? If this NaNO2 reacts with HCl Then NaCl forms and we'll get HNO2 plus NaCl So in the reaction they may give you this react this Thing also NaNO2 plus HCl or they can give you directly HNO2 also Okay, any one of these they can give you so both you have to keep in mind the reaction is same Okay So what happens when this RNH2? reacts with HNO2 This gives you alcohol N2 gas evolves And H2O forms into this Okay, N2 gas evolves H2O forms into this you see this HNO2 in this It is it exists like NaO plus and OH minus NaO plus and OH minus, okay Understood So here you see one thing just which is not important what I'll tell you here when you have this RNH2 how this reaction proceeds That reacts with HNO2 So with this HNO2 what happens are I'll write here NaNO2 And HCl first this thing So what happens in this it forms RN double bond N Cl right And this we call it as Dysonium salt Okay, this we call it as Dysonium salt You must have seen this Dysonium salt in phenyl in instead of this R if you add phenyl ring benzen ring You will get that particular compound only okay, and then after this what happens This Cl comes out from this and this bond pair goes here and we get RN triple bond N positive charge here Right now from this positive charge when you When OH minus attacks onto this On to this alkyl group This bond pair is taken up by this electron deficient nitrogen atom and we get ROH Plus N2 Right, this is how the reaction proceeds So basically this is not important. This is not important in this the only thing you have to keep in mind Whatever R group you are taking here with that only the alcohol forms Okay, and in this reaction hydride and methyl shifting also possible into this Okay, because you see what happens when this This I have written in one single step, but actually what happens this take this bond pair here And then we'll get positive charge here Where this OH minus attacks, okay, so I have written it one single step But actual thing is first this N2 goes out we'll get positive charge here and then OH minus attacks Okay, so this reaction follows actually SN1 type reaction in which the carbocation forms first and then the product we get Okay, so in this you write down hydride and methyl shifting is possible note this point Hydride and methyl shift is possible into this Okay, so I'll just write down one reaction here and tell me the product CS3 CH2 CH2 NH2 now when this reacts with NaNO2 Plus HCl Or we can also write write down H NaNO2 What is the product we get here? Propen to all because here this is our group right R is this only And we are getting R OH But when you see when this reaction proceeds we'll get positive charge here on this carbon atom here you see We'll get positive charge here right so this reaction process here It is not we should not write down here, but the reaction goes like this CS3 CH2 CH2 N double bond NCl This is what here we have Now in this Cl minus goes out and N2 also goes out. So we'll get CS3 CH2 CH2 positive charge here Plus N2 right now in this what happens hydride shift And when hydride shift takes place and CS3 CH CS3 and here we have the positive sign which on reaction with OH minus it forms CS3 CH OH CH3 Okay, this is the product you must remember in this thing that Shifting is possible into this Okay, one exception you write down this reaction is important. Okay, one exception you write down into this exception you write down Methyl amine Does not give does not give alcohol In this reaction But forms but forms methyl nitrite methyl nitrite Or dimethyl ether But forms methyl nitrite or diethyl dimethyl ether. So this is important exception. We have you must keep in mind So if the reaction is this CH3 NH2 Plus HNO2 which is nothing but HONO And on reaction it gives CH3 O N double bond O Plus N2 Plus H2O or If you take two moles of this CS3 and NH2 Plus two moles of HONO It gives CS3 O CS3 Plus two N2 Plus three H2 here. We have two moles of this. Okay, this is the exception you must keep in mind experimental thing we have one more point to write down secondary amines secondary amines forms nitrosoamines Which are yellow liquid And insoluble in water. This is actually a test of amines. Okay when the amines reacts with HNO2 So primary amine if you have then in that case nitrogen gas evolves Okay, that you that is the test of amines. We have okay nitrogen gas evolves secondary amines. What happens? They forms nitrosoamines Okay, which are yellow in liquid and insoluble in water. This is the test of secondary amines yellow liquid and insoluble in water Next write down tertiary amines tertiary amines react with nitrous acid to form to form nitrite salts Which are soluble in water. So these three Fact you must keep in mind Okay, secondary amines forms yellow liquid insoluble tertiary amines forms Nitrite salt which are soluble in water. Okay soluble insoluble. You must remember Next write down next reaction is alkylation write down Aniline reacts with alkyl halide Aniline reacts with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines to form secondary and tertiary amines and quaternary salt Okay, so the reaction you write down C6H5NH2 Plus CS3I What happens? HI forms And we'll get C6H5NH CS3 This is what? 2-degree amine When this further reacts with CS3I So this forms C6H5NH2 CS3I So this forms C6H5 N CS3 whole twice This is tertiary amine 3-degree and when this again reacts with CS3I Then it forms C6H5N CS3 whole thrice plus I minus This we call it as quaternary Anilineum salt Anilineum One important reaction we have which we'll see later on also in the reaction of aniline will see a few reactions This is aniline NH2 When this reacts with aryl halide which is Cl In presence of CuCl 200 degrees Celsius we are heating Now in this the product will be This at Cl goes out and we get Di-phenyl amine Understood? Okay, in this only you write down the next one That is acylation. This is the same reaction. Okay, so That's why we are moving fast over here This is the same type of reaction acylation in which acyl halide reacts Okay, with aniline So in this only the second part of this you write down acylation acylation means if you have again aniline like C6H5 NH2 Plus ClC double bond O CH3 Now this acylation reaction takes place in presence of pyridine. Generally will take pyridine Or we can take NaOH also Pyridine or NaOH again HCl goes out into this same reaction here You see HCl goes out and we'll get C6H5 and H C double bond O CH3 N-phenyl acetamide correct N-phenyl acetamide Just a second Okay, next I write down test of amines One test of nitrous acid test that we have already done Okay, test of amines This you have to again memorize First one is Hinsberg method Hinsberg method write down it involves the reaction of amines it involves the reaction of amines With Hinsberg reagent Hinsberg reagent Which is nothing words C6H5 SO2Cl C6H5 SO2Cl Okay, this is a Hinsberg reagent this you must remember. Okay Sometimes they ask what is Hinsberg reagent not in Je other exams write on primary amines on reaction with primary amines on reaction with Benzene sulphonyl chloride this C6H5 SO2Cl Is benzene sulphonyl chloride Hinsberg reagent sulphonyl chloride primary amines on reaction with benzene sulphonyl chloride forms forms an alkyl Benzene sulphonamide forms an alkyl Benzene sulphonamide Which on treatment with alkali Which on treatment with alkali solution forms soluble alkali salt forms soluble alkali salt Now you see suppose i'm taking one degree amine. This is the test of this one degree amine is rnH2 When it reacts with benzene sulphonyl chloride C6H5 SO2Cl Can you tell me what is the product we get here? guess HCl goes out no this H and Cl This HCl goes out and it forms what? C6H5 SO2 NHR This we call it as n alkyl benzene sulphonamide Okay, it's the n alkyl benzene sulphonamide Now when this salt you put into any alkali solution suppose koH right So what happens rH2O forms into this again this H and OH minus forms H2O and we'll get C6H5 SO2 n R and K potassium This salt potassium salt this is this is soluble And this is what the test of one degree amine you'll get soluble salt it confirms It is one degree amine Okay, this is also soluble in water This salt is insoluble right So soluble amines reacts with this gets insoluble product and again when you react with koH it gets soluble this is for tertiary amine remember one thing here this is for primary amine Second reaction you see this reaction takes place because of what this hydrogen yes or no Yes Yeah, so when you take secondary amines here then what happens? Test of secondary amines is what you take secondary amine that is R2NH reacts with C6H5 SO2Cl So what it forms it forms R2N R2N O2S C6H5 right And and dialkyl benzene sulfonamide correct So this is again soluble this becomes insoluble And when you put into any alkali solutions suppose koH Since this end does not contain any hydrogen here. So this does not give any Reactions no reaction will have here conforms the presence of secondary amines Understood all these reactions you see whether it is first reaction or second reaction All these reactions takes place because of this hydrogen Okay, this hydrogen or this hydrogen tertiary amine if you see tertiary amine what happens in tertiary amine tertiary amine does not give this reaction does not give this test write down tertiary amine does not react at all Okay, next you write down the second test Yes, see See one thing is there That you cannot take the mixture of see you cannot differentiate Suppose if you take a mixture of all three kind of amines right and when the reaction takes place Then you will get then you cannot actually differentiate That is not at all. You know, you know that is that is pointless When you take a mixture of alkene in mixture of amines because one degree amines will react completely, right Soluble insoluble insoluble secondary amines forms only insoluble Salt tertiary amine does not react at all. So in that mixture all three kinds of reaction will be there Will have soluble salt will have insoluble salt and there are few amines which does not react at all So the point eventually comes at how do you differentiate that which one is reacting which one is not reacting Understood So so this kind of reaction goes like this I'll give you one particular compound and we know that this is amines Okay, and we do not know whether it is one degree is two degree or three degree amines and then we'll perform the reaction Okay, make sure of amines if you take you won't get anything Like you cannot Actually say that whether we have one degree two degree or three degree amines Because all three kinds of reaction possible. Okay. So eventually you cannot differentiate Okay, that's a thing. That's why we do not take any Make sure of amines for this kind of reaction. We'll take one by one Okay, and then we try to do this reaction and according to the observation We say the compound is one degree two degree or three degree Understood Yes, okay carbide amine reaction Next one Write down this reaction is used For the detection of primary amines this question they have asked, okay Carbide amine reaction is used only for primary amines secondary and tertiary amine Does not give this reaction secondary and tertiary amine does not give this reaction Next line primary amines on reaction with chloroform in presence of primary amines on reaction with chloroform In presence of alcoholic koH in presence of alcoholic koH Forms isocyanides isocyanides, which is nothing but carbide amine carbide amine and isocyanides are same thing Okay forms isocyanide So now you see the reaction here We have one degree amine that is r n h two reacts with chloroform the formula is c h cl three plus koH And this is alcoholic koH three moles of this This gives isocyanide that is r n c Plus three kcl And plus we'll get three h two This is alkyl isocyanides isocyanides Which has a very bad smell That only confirms the presence of primary amines this bad smell Okay, this isocyanides. We also call it as carbide amine. That's why it is carbide amine reaction Okay, third one that is just you write down the name we have done this Lieberman L i e b e r Lieberman Nitroso reaction Nitroso reaction This involves the reaction with the same reagent that I told you na n o two plus h cl Which gives h n o two Plus na cl Okay, and this we have already done. So that is the only reaction we have here Also, we are not doing the thing again. Okay Next write down the last test we have That is Hoffman mustard oil test mustard oil test Suppose you're taking one degree of mines in this Suppose we have one degree of mine r n h two And in this test it is allowed to react with carbon disulfide which is c double bond s double bond s C s two carbon disulfide And in this we get first R n h positive sign here C s minus double bond s Actually, this lone pairs attacks onto this carbon atom and this pi electron goes here Okay, now what happens in this in this proton exchange takes place. So write down here Proton exchange One of this hydrogen comes over here So we'll get r n h C double bond s double bond s double bond s h also Just a second wait, uh, or we should not have double bond here This is single bond only. Okay s h fine now now When this this actually bond pair goes here so that utilize the positive charge The final step will allow this to react with hg cl2 and the product we get here is r n double bond c double bond s plus hg s plus 2 h cl This we call it as iso thiocyanate Iso thiocyanate And the smell of this iso thiocyanate is pungent smell Pungent or we also call it as mustard oil smell Mustard oil and that's why we are calling it as mustard oil test Okay Now here you see this hydrogen will take this cl So secondary amines this is for one degree of mine you write down For secondary amine you see if you have r2 n h reacts with cs2 in short i'm writing down now It will be r n c s h Double bond s and here we have r after this when you put hg cl2 Then there will be no reaction since nitrogen does not contain any hydrogen here Okay Now for tertiary amines the first reaction does not take place at all Plus cs2 this has no reaction Tertiary amine doesn't really does not react okay So these are the test of amines Finally see we have done like most of the reaction But there are few reactions which i give you directly you should know the product into that Okay, the various reactions of aniline and what product we get There is no mechanism mechanism at all it is not required, but it is again based on the Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, okay So that mechanism will not do few reactions, which you need to Memorize is this write down reaction with grignard reagent write down aniline forms alkane with grignard reagent aniline forms alkane with grignard reagent reaction you see c6 h5 n h2 plus ch3 mg i That gives ch4 You see the alkene forms from the alkyl group of group of grignard reagent that you must remember ch4 plus mg i And then we have n h c6 h5 n h So this is the alkene we get that we form from the alkyl group of grignard reagent okay Oxidation of aniline you write down as it is. I am writing down. Okay. I'll just give you this table in this the reaction. I'll give you So we have n h2 here Aniline So for oxidation we can use a different oxidizing agent Different oxidizing agent and we'll get different different product also in all these cases Okay, aniline when reacts with acidified kman of 4 acidified kman of 4 or with n a2 cr2o7 n a2 cr2o7 plus c us of 4 plus dilute acid dilute acid When these reagent you use you will get you will get aniline only in this reaction but it will be Aniline black means the color will be black aniline black. We also call it as simply aniline black any lean li any Aniline black. Okay, when you use alkaline kman of 4 This you have to memorize all this reaction alkaline kman of 4 you'll get azo benzene This one is important Azo benzene is this we have a benzene ring that is c6 h5 n double bond n c6 h5 Two phenyl group attached with this n double bond n This is azo benzene two moles of this we are using because the reaction is not balanced product. You must remember When we use chromic acid What is chromic acid h2 cr o4? Right, or we also write it as na2 cr2 o7 plus concentrated h2 so4 Concentrated as to so4 In this we'll get para benzo Q non para benzo q non the structure is this Oh, sorry Just a second. Okay, non is this here. We have double bond here. We have double bond And your double bond o and double bond o this is para benzo q non Next we have sodium hypo chloride sodium This one is not important. Just you write down here. This one's Sodium hypo chloride or h ocn here. We get para amino phenol the amino phenol Okay, and that is structure we can draw easily we have phenol And at para position we have NH2 group Keros acid. What is the formula of keros acid that is h2 so5 keros acid When it reacts with keros acid we'll get nitro benzene. This one is important nitro benzene and nitroso benzene mixture of this Nitroso benzene is c6 h5 NO and nitro benzene is c6 h5 NO too With bleaching powder It gives It gives deep violet color not important Deep violet color that is it These are the few oxidation reaction of enylene in which we are using different different reagent and we'll get different different product I'm channel write on next benzene disonium chloride Benzene disonium chloride It's reaction This reaction again you have to memorize Right on the reagent we use this actually benzene right on first line here. Benzene disonium chloride We can obtain or we can prepare With the help of enylene Benzene disonium chloride we can prepare with the help of enylene and then the reagent You write down in this the reagent we use for For the purplation of this from enylene is NaNO2 plus HCl NaNO2 is sodium nitrite sodium nitrite plus HCl Or we also simply write HNO2 because when these two reacts it forms nitrous acid and an NaCl Goes out into this. Okay. So reaction here. You see We have enylene That is 6th H5 NH2 reacts with NaNO2 Just a second. Okay NaNO2 plus HCl in excess And this reaction usually takes place at very low temperature around zero to five degrees Celsius the product we get here is Benzene disonium chloride Which is ring N double bond NCl plus H2O goes out And NaCl forms Now to understand this reaction you see first of all this um Enylene That is R S6H5 NH2 reacts with HCl what it forms. Can you tell me we have done this reaction? It forms salt, right? Yes or no We'll get a salt here first, which is NH3 plus and Cl minus Now this salt you see I'll just write down the reaction like this with three hydrogen and one chlorine plus This reacts with O double bond N N OH Just a second. What is that? Hello Yeah So and these two react you see easily in this reaction you can understand that this Three hydrogen we have here this hydrogen and this OH and O Combines together so this forms H2O And this forms H2O, right? So we'll get two moles of H2O from this and the product we get here is Dysonium chloride And double bond N Cl This particular compound we also write it as like this Both has actually same thing N triple bond N plus Cl like this Cl minus Dysonium chloride salt it is Okay Done now a few reactions of Dysonium chloride, which is again Important, okay, they directly ask this question. What is a product we get into this particular reaction? Okay, so a few reactions we have which are important and that will see Reaction of Dysonium chloride. So I'll write down same as we have done just now So I'll write down here Dysonium chloride that is plus Cl minus First reaction you see when this Dysonium chloride reacts with Hx hydrogen halide Okay, and this x can be chlorine or bromine Generally, we'll take chlorine or bromine Right and the product we get here is aryl halide. That is the ring and x aryl halide here When you take this as CuCn here Right, or we can also write it as copper in presence of potassium cyanide Right both are same thing actually you'll get this I'll write down the ring now like this Here and Cn here Now these two reactions we call it as sandmere's reaction Okay, sandmere's reaction When this reacts with Ki When you heat with this Ki solution will get again aryl iodide I here Okay, very simple straightforward reactions we have hbf4 For hbf4 we use and we'll get This see these four are important here for chlorine for aryl chloride and aryl bromide We can directly use HCl and HBr For iodide will get Ki for Fluorine will get hbf4 for this also we have one reason. Okay. Fluorine is most electronegative That's why we cannot use this here in Hx or with this Ki in kf, right? So we use with this Fluoride of boron, okay boron hydrofluoride. We also call it as Hbf4 is a reagent we use for the preparation of aryl fluoride. Okay, that is again important when you use copper with Hx And when you heat this where this X is again X is again chlorine or bromine So we'll again get aryl halide X Okay, this reaction we call it as Gatterman reaction Gatterman reaction When you use this H2 with SnCl2 Sorry SnCl2 and HCl So here we get phenyl hydrazine NH NH2 This is phenyl hydrazine With benzene itself C6H6 and NaOH will get This as the product C6H5 Okay, this reaction we call it as Gomberg reaction This one is not that important just to write down with NaNO2 We heat this and we also use CuO2 here Cu2O, sorry We'll get nitrobenzene Okay, and the last one more reaction with this I'll write down here Any Acid hydrolysis if you do H plus H2O Then you will get phenol and in all these reactions N2 Comes out nitrogen gas evolves in this reaction Okay So these are the few reactions of disonium chloride which is important Just a second We have one coupling reaction is there Next coupling reaction of this Coupling reaction of disonium chloride Yeah, we'll finish this in few what is that this is 550 no we'll finish this by 615 620 Okay, so last half an hour 40 minutes we'll have problems already Okay, next right on coupling reaction only two reaction we have into this We have disonium chloride N2 plus Cl minus And when this reacts with phenol right, so phenol In basic medium The pH generally for this medium will be 9 to 10 Okay, basic medium then coupling takes place. Okay, this Two joins what happens this hydrogen this Cl comes out. Okay, and the product we get here is this N double bond N OH this is the product we get coupling reaction plus HCl comes out into this What happens if we take here? any lean NH2 This reaction takes place in acidic medium We're here. We get what the same kind of reaction and double bond N HCl goes out And we'll get NH2 here next write down electrophilic substitution reaction for any lean electrophilic substitution reaction For any lean right on the first one That is halogenation chloride that are chlorine and bromine water chlorine and bromine water reacts readily with Sorry readily with chlorine and bromine water reacts readily with any lean and forms and forms trichloro and tribromo benzene trichloro and tribromo benzene So if you have any lean NH2 reacts with three br2 and this we use in glacial glacial lactic acid Which is nothing but dry carboxylic acid. We have glacial lactic acid Then we'll get 246 I bro what I told you 246 tribromo benzene I told you 246 tribromo benzene or what aniline Yeah, where were you what I told you 246 tribromo benzene or tribromo aniline You know, huh, correct 246 try What happened ask him text him Condonia, anyways So, um, okay, so this is the reaction we have and I see this is important reaction. That's why I'm uh giving you To one more reaction. I'll give up after this will get different product into that one note you write down into this Simply aniline if you are using Then we are getting 246 tribromo aniline. Okay after this one reaction. I'll give you first you write down one note in chlorination Right down in chlorination water free solvent such as in chlorination Water free solvent such as chloroform should be used Otherwise oxidation takes place Okay, aniline will get oxidized then if water will be present over there So in case of chlorination we use chloroform water free solvent Okay, that is one important thing that you must keep in mind Otherwise oxidation takes place Okay, next write down next line Note I have finished next time write down monochloro Or monobromo derivative monochloro or monobromo derivative Of aniline can be prepared aniline can be prepared If ns2 group is first preserved by Acetylation if ns2 group is first preserved by Acetylation on account of oxidation of ns2 So what happens you see a little bit of difference we have and we'll get different simply different product If you have aniline if you do direct bromination of this Then we'll get 246 tribromo aniline right But when you have to form monobromo derivative or monochloro derivative Then first first of all You have to preserve this ns2 group to get oxidized and for that purpose We use acetyl chloride here CS3 COCl we can use Or we can also use anhydride CS3CO Whole twice O So when you use this the product that you get here will be an H Then we have C double bond O CS3 right Correct Yeah If you use CS3 COCl then another product will be HCl If you use this then another product will be CS3 COOH fine Right now because of this C double bond O group here electron withdrawing group the oxidation of this part is difficult now That is what we use for to preserve the oxidation of ns2 Now this what we do this we allow to react with suppose bromo derivative product We have to form so this will allow to react with br2 with CS3 COOH babozoic acid Then we'll get what ortho and para substituted product so this Position we have the same product that is NH CO CS3 And here we'll get bromine Plus para substituted bromine will get here Which is nothing but NH CO CS3 and bromine here Now when this reaction this product allowed to acidic hydrolysis Right then H plus will attach onto this nitrogen and this group will come out as it is right. So we'll get here The product that we get here is NH2 we get here is NH2 br Plus again we get NH2 and br This is what the product we have so if you have to form mono derivative product Right mono bromo or monoculor derivative product Then first we have to preserve the oxidation of NH2 and that we can do by acetylation or by reaction with anhydride understood Para will be the major product into this This one is the major product one note. You write down halogenation of any lean halogenation of any lean is faster in polar solvent And slower in non-polar solvent faster in polar solvent And slower in non-polar solvent sulfonation second one write down the reaction NH2 Plus H2SO4 giving sulfuric acid conch also we can use And we'll get para substituted product as the major product here NH2 and SO3 H here this we call it as sulfanilic acid Is nitration. This is also the same reaction as we have done for halogenation NH2 first of all we use CH3 COCl Or we can use CH3 C whole twice O And the product we'll get is NHCOCH3 And when this reacts with conch HNO3 And conch H2SO4 Both are concentrated See if you use this directly Okay, then we'll get 246 trinitroaniline NO2 NO2 NO2 will have here, but when we preserve this NH here NH2 here then we'll get ortho and para substituted product That will be NH COCH3 NO2 Plus para substituted product Which is NH COCH3 NO2 this one is the major product we have Now when you do the acid hydrolysis of this H plus H2 You will get Para nitroaniline and ortho nitroaniline NH2 here NO2 Plus We'll get here NO2 And NH2 para will be the major one. Okay. These are a few important reactions of aniline Next write down basicity of aniline Okay, write down basicity of aniline See uh eline is Benzene ring with NH2 so basicity is what tendency to lose electron Right, so any electron withdrawing group if it is attached onto this ring Any electron withdrawing group that will Decrease the basicity right Yes, or no Because electron withdrawing group will withdraw electron and then tendency of tendency to lose lone pair of electron will be less correct And any electron releasing group will be directly proportional to The basicity fine or not if I write down few examples say we have NH2 then we have NH2 NO2 NH2 NO2 And the last one we have NH2 NO2 Tell me the Basity order of this second one NH2 and then we have NH2 CH3 NH2 CH3 CH3 What is the basicity order? Yes, first one is right. What about the second one? Okay, see the first one is correct. The order is this Because NH2 or what? NO2 are electron Withdrawing group EWG EWG right These are electron withdrawing group. So electron withdrawing group will decrease the basicity fine So obviously this aniline is the most basic Then we have meta then we have para and then we have ortho because the meta position will have the least effect onto this Because NH2 is what? NH2 is ortho-paradirecting group Yes or no? NH2 is ortho-paradirecting group. So any group that is attached to ortho or para position the effect of that group will be more Whether it is decreasing basicity effect or increasing in basicity effect, whatever it is But the effect will be more when it is at ortho and para position But that is also not exactly true because this is what Here when ortho-paration is there There will have ortho effect takes place Okay, so because of ortho effect the basicity of aniline Decreases regardless of the fact Whatever the nature of this compound we have Whatever the nature of this group we have whether it is electron releasing or electron withdrawing So one note you write down first. You must keep this in mind that ortho substituted aniline ortho substituted aniline are weaker base are weaker base then aniline itself Regardless of the nature In bracket you write down after nature Regardless of the nature in bracket you write down EWG or ERG Regardless of the nature EWG ERG of the group. This is known as ortho effect This is known as ortho effect understood So because of ortho effect Ortho substituted aniline is always weak base, right? So here in this case you see CS3 are electron releasing group So electron releasing group will obviously increase the basicity of aniline But this one is ortho substituted So this one is the least basic fourth one is this Right, obviously these two have electron releasing group attached with it and we know electron releasing group increases the basicity of Aniline so obviously these two will be at first and second position This will be third Yes, and this one will have what plus i effect we have to see so plus i effect is maximum for CS3 is electron releasing, right? So we have a two position meta and para position Okay, fine is your ortho para directing group No, and this too is the ortho para directing obviously. So this first one will be this Second one will be this third is this and fourth Right para substituted aniline if The substitution is electron releasing group substituted group is electron releasing group then that will be most basic understood Yes Okay, one one more point you write down here Aniline are also weaker base then Amines Aniline are also Weaker base then aliphatic amines due to resonance few more example you see There's two more Tell me the order Three greater than two than one Why the condonia? No, we are talking about the basic nature Okay, so this will be because these group are what these group are having plus i nature Because of plus i nature electron density here Increases and hence the density already electron will be more so order will be this Similarly for this one One greater than two how it is one First of all this ccs five or what electron releasing electron withdrawing group, right? These are electron withdrawing group electron withdrawing group. Okay So obviously the electron density on nitrogen decreases So obviously the first one will be this second one will be This because only one ccs five and third one will be this Understood Okay, now last two things we'll see the last two things of this chapter See, uh, there are few reactions of isocyanides and cyanides. Okay The very important reaction of isocyanides and cyanides that we have that I give you Okay other reactions you can go through in the book. Okay. Suppose you have isocyanides is r and c r and c This is isocyanides When you do the acidic hydrolysis of this r and c isocyanides Then it forms amines one degree of mine r n h 2 plus h c o o h When you take isocyanides if you take cyanides that is r c n And when you do The hydrolysis of this write down h2o in alkaline h2o2 It gives you r c o n h 2 first acid amide Amide you get first and then if you do the acidic hydrolysis of this You will get acid r c o h Plus n h 3 so you see two difference we have here ammonia gas evolves acid forms and here amines we get into this Isocyanides gives you amines cyanide gives you acid that is one important reaction We have that you must remember reduction you see isocyanide reduction r n double bond c plus hydrogen And for reduction we use na with c2 h5 o h Under reduction with nickel platinum catalyst we can use It gives r n h c h 3 2 degree amine we get here But if you have cyanides r c n And when you do the reduction of this With li al h4 You get one degree of mine r n h 2 So there's a few difference we have those are important and question has been asked on these two Okay, there are some more reactions of cyanide and isocyanides are given in the book that you can go through but those are not that much important Okay, so this is it for amine's chapter Now, what do you want to solve? Did you revise iNIC? Any 11 chapter you want? Just a second see this question You have to find out the final product in this We have phenol which reacts with c h c l 3 k o h Which gives a and then 50 percent k o h b What is a and b or if only b you tell me? Yeah, we have Final product these are the options option d What about you condonia? why See first of all phenol reacts with c h c l 3 and k o h okay When phenol reacts with chloroform with k o h it gives salicyl aldehyde Okay So the first product a that you get here will be this o h here and c h o This is a product a and when this aldehyde goes under 50 percent k o h solution Then this reaction we call it as what can is that our reaction? right For can is that our reaction oxidation and reduction takes place Right disproportionation reaction it is this c h o will get oxidized first and then we'll get reduced also So one product will be c o h here other will be salt of this c o k So product will be this annual condensation we use 50 percent any o h But for that the condition is we have alpha hydrogen required Alpha hydrogen condition is there. So this is can is our reaction. Okay, so this gives you oxidation and reduction of the same compound Okay, two moles of this will take if you remember if you don't don't remember then revise this reaction. Okay Two moles of this reagent we take one mole will get oxidized other one will get reduced So oxidize gives you salt of this and reduction gives you alcohol Fine Yes or no c 6 h 6 h 2 s o 4 350 kelvin a Then fusion with alkali Then bromine water vr h 2 c What is the final product c Three options are given c or to bromophenol para bromophenol meta bromophenol and last one is 246 tribromophenol ortho para meta And tribromo 246 tribromophenol Yeah, it's correct then first of all First first for what we get benzene sulphonic acid A will be what benzene when reacts with concentrated or h 2 s o 4 will get s o 3 h here benzene sulphonic acid and when it's reacts with alkali Solution right naOH means what fusion when takes place. It means we are taking naOH with h plus h2o and this gives you h 2 s o 4 comes out into this and will get phenol in this product as to s o 4 will go out And we'll take phenol and now when phenol this reacts with vr2 and h2o Then all these vr will attach here here and here 246 tribromophenol. These are direct questions understood acidity what happens ramsel of ortho para and meta nitro phenol you tell me acidity order of this ortho para and meta nitro phenol Okay, tell me first one thing just a second You are saying this Condonia, what is your answer ortho and then meta What about yours ramsel ortho Then para and then meta you see Nitro phenol is this We know Na2 group is what Na2 group is the electron with drawing group And electron with drawing group increases the acidity of phenol Yes So now here you see the effect of Na2 will be more when it is placed at ortho and para position fine Because this group is again what ortho para directing Yes effect of effect of Na2 will be more when it is placed in ortho and para position So meta position will be least acidity that is for sure. Yes or no. So this is correct Right, but when Na2 is placed at ortho position there will be intramolecular hydrogen bonding So because of intramolecular hydrogen bonding its acidity Decreases of it. Okay.  So correct order will be this Para is not always more stable In case of amine's reaction para is more stable Your other reaction you'll see ortho is also more stable according to the product What tell me The one more question you see strength of acid Bitsat this question has been asked in bitsat. First we have phenol and the next one we have OH here and CS3 NO2 OH acidity order, what about you? Condonia 341 to viso. So correct order will be 341 and then 2 Correct now next question. I am sending you on a whatsapp. Okay, because I have to write down so much then. Okay So I'm sending you on whatsapp. You just see that question and tell me the answer This question was asked in jay advance No structural change is made to x Read the question properly condonia why a First you tell me in which of these are You know How this reaction takes place? Can you tell me that? That compound which is given With acid with presence of acid how this reaction goes why so Which is not released? That is what See if you if you try to understand the mechanism of reaction in this how reaction may go Then probably you can answer this question if you have acid, right? What does this acid do it produce? What? H plus so that h plus is taken by taken up by The oxygen which is there in the ether Or that we have See suppose we have one phenyl group here Another one here another one here And this we have or right H plus from the acid will get attacked by the lone pair of this oxygen And we get what here we get this OH R and plus correct What happened next this bond will break and we'll get one carbocation here plus R OH This is what happened, right? And then some OH minus will attack onto this and we'll get the product So basically we have to see in which of these given options this carbocation will be stable That is what the question Yeah, it is stable, but if if there is any possibility you see what is the question you see It is a third degree carbon is stable, but what is the question? Acetic hydrolysis of either Sean below is fastest when Any of these given option will stabilize this carbocation or not that we have to find out The option C. Yes Because if this any of these phenyl group if you replace by methoxy phenyl group, which is nothing but this Sorry Etoxy phenyl group is this only know we have OCS three here, right? Now this OCS three is what electron releasing group So this electron releasing group is obviously stabilize this carbocation. Yes or no Fine So first option is not possible because if you place here CS three that is electron releasing group that will also stabilize right But we have CS three over there only Okay, second option you see we have a paramethoxy phenyl paramethoxy phenyl is this that will also stabilize this carbocation Fine third option two phenyl group are replaced means we have one more phenyl group here Which is replaced by paramethoxy phenyl group. So in this case, obviously this carbocation is most stable and the reaction will be fastest understood So this is how you see the question they ask Okay, j advance question Next one you see HBR Tell me the product phenol and CS three BR. Why so? So actually what happens first of all this x plus will come over here Right And we'll have positive charge with this Now to supply this oxygen first positive charge on this oxygen either this bond or this bond will break Right. So when this breaks, this is phenyl cation, which is highly unstable fine So this bond will break and we'll get phenol Plus CS three BR This is the answer understood So this question was asked in j means j means Tripoli, which is nothing but j means Another one you see bits that question It is given that ethanol C2H5 OH The boiling point of ethanol is 78 degrees Celsius.  Why? What is the molecular weight of diethyl ether and ethanol ethanol? Yeah, so when boiling point when molecular mass increases boiling point boiling point also increases Right When molecular mass increases boiling point also increases But here in this diethyl ether, what happens? There is Intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes place in diethyl ether intermolecular No, sorry uh We have hydrogen bonding in this. No, okay. Fine. We have hydrogen bonding in ethanol, right? Intermolecular hydrogen bonding present in ethanol and because of that its boiling point decreases Because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding boiling point decreases, right? Two things you keep in mind when even you have intermolecular hydrogen bonding boiling point decreases and melting point increases No hydrogen See when when hydrogen bonding we have two types intermolecular and intramolecular So because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding Because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding the boiling point and melting point will be more than the compounds having no hydrogen bonding So there is no hydrogen bonding in diethyl ether Okay, so due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding ethyl alcohol has Has obviously intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hence its boiling point Is more correct boiling point of ethyl alcohol will be more than diethyl ether So obviously the boiling point of diethyl ether should be less than this So answer will be 34. See all these things you can assume but if you see Obviously you see one thing you cannot memorize Yeah, ha logically also it's 34 Like logically also and you can easily look at the option and say because you see one thing you keep in mind boiling point you cannot memorize of any compound fine Because there are so many compounds So when they ask you like this question for one compound the boiling point is given and other one they are Calculating it. They're asking you to find it So obviously it should be either less than this or more than this Fine, so when you see the option there are two options which are more than 78 degrees Celsius So if this is true, this may also be true Why because they know that you cannot memorize boiling point of any molecule So they won't ask you this question Understanding this fact that that you know the boiling point of Few molecules. No, you cannot memorize the boiling point of any molecules So they ask you either it is more than or less than so there are two options Which are more than 78 degrees Celsius. So obviously these two are not correct So answer will be this only if you do not know anything then also Basic common sense you can apply You understand what I'm trying to make you understand Boiling point against you see boiling point you cannot memorize that the examiner also know So they won't ask you such questions If they ask you in this they will simply give you suppose if then they'll give you the boiling point of diethyl ether is suppose One question if I give you suppose in this only they give the boiling point of diethyl ether is 86 degrees Celsius Okay, then what is the boiling point of ethanol c2h5 OH and these are the four options given What will be your answer? Diethyl ether is given 86 degree Celsius Ethanol you have to find out and the options are given These are the four options 100 because there is only one option which is more than 86 Leave that fact that whether that the boiling point is more than or less than that you let it be You you just look at the option There are only one option which is more than 86 and there are two options which is less than 86 So obviously if the boiling point of c2h5 is less that is not possible because there are two options here So only one option is correct that is 100 degrees Celsius You understand my point that they won't ask you they don't they know this thing that they you cannot memorize boiling point of any compound So whatever value if it is given your answer will be either less than this or more than this depending on the option If only one option is there which is more than the given value then then then that will be the answer If only one option is given which is less than the given value then that will be the answer Understood Okay, another one you see this one we have done Here you see this j This one you see ch OH cs3 cs3 p plus br2 Gives you Oh, it's not given here then na Gives you x x you have to find out. Yeah You want option also options is this we have ch CH2 cs3 cs3 cs3 Then we have c cs3 cs3 cs3 cs3 All these are methi then we have cs3 cs3 ch cs3 cs3 ch2 ch2 cs3 Last question this is Yeah, why? First of all we'll get here we'll get here alkyl halide right bromine will get here And then na so these are wood's reactions will get two molecules of this will attach this answer Like you see like I told you know that Organic chemistry whether you know reaction or not with option they'll give you the idea that what could be the answer I told you this thing. That's why you see when I don't give you an option You feel like okay, there's you cannot understand what what is the product we should have or we could have into this But when I give you the option you can understand then okay This could be the product and then the reaction may go like this And then you actually understand that how the reaction is going on So that's why organic you see it is a bit difficult to memorize All the reactions again, but if you go through once properly With option you will have the idea that what is the reaction? What should be the product? Okay, that's why it is a bit easier also at the same time Okay, anyways, so like we'll wind up the class here only okay, so Sunday, uh, I will let you know tomorrow. What timing okay sunday. We will be doing a metallurgy right and Then next class biomolecules and then again half an hour 40 minutes will solve some questions. Okay Okay, so we have next letter 7 30. It's already seven almost seven. Okay. So take care. Bye. Bye


Tech stocks went down before the market opened, okay? That brings out buyers, all right? So then the buyers have come into tech, and tech is now moving up. In order to see whether it's truly the end of the rotation, you have to see several stocks go down. The hottest group has been Telecom, Verizon and ATT. If those give up some points, if the rails, the second hottest group, go down and give some points up. And if the banks, even though rates are a little bit higher, give up some points, you will see that money shift back. Now, in order for the tech stocks to rally, you need to see the retailers come down. I would focus on Dollar General, that's about the report. I would focus on Macy's, that has moved up the most. So if you see those stocks, those are what I call, Scott, the tells. In other words, you watch those stocks. You see those stocks stop advancing that I just mentioned. Then you will see a real effort to mount a rally on the techs. Now, the problem with this is we do these videos very early, okay?  Then you've got to watch to see if those stocks that I mentioned, that are listed, that are in the banks, that are in retail, that are in Telecom, you have to see if more money comes out of those. If that's the case, then you'll see again, into the oversold group, more money. The stocks you must watch are Micron, down horribly. Lambda Research and Nvidia. Don't forget, Nvidia is down, and I've not talked about it to anybody. It is down basically from 219 all the way down to 180s. It ticked at 184, 185 today. So that's a very good tell. If Micron can hold 40 and go back up, that will be a good tell. But you have to stay focused. For instance, when you start by saying the tech stocks, they're not doing well. You have to recognize that they open down. That is often a classic case of when money comes in. But remember, it's a very long day. So you cannot presume anything in the first two hours. You have to wait to see if people want out of these stocks because they need the capital gain and they move into the stocks that don't have capital gain. So that's what has to happen. That's what you must focus on. All right, we'll watch that closely. Meanwhile, what happened to AutoZone? I thought they were supposed to be heard by Amazon. No. And as we said last week, as I said at the Deal Economies Beach, I felt that it was time to buy AAP, okay? And I felt that this group was dramatically oversold and it was time to buy them. So I made a good call. I think that one of the things that's happened is, is that if you go back over some of the things I said at the Deal Economy, for instance, David just spent a huge time saying that Disney is going to buy Fox next week, okay? Going to buy, that was something I predicted point blank at the Deal Economy. And I also said that Advanced Auto Parts is signaling that the Death Star, which is Amazon, has run its course, which is why AutoZone is having such a big move. It will be interesting to see if AutoZone now goes after Advanced Auto Parts, now that AutoZone stock is up. Throughout this downturn, AutoZone bought a huge amount of stock. Now, you know, this is one of the greatest buybacks that we have seen on the New York Stock Machine. So we've got to stay focused on whether AutoZone can hold this. I think it can. And I think that the Amazon threat is very overstated when it comes to the Auto Parts business. And you talked about that on Med Money, how just because Amazon enters a space, it takes years for that damage to potentially occur. Well, one of the things that we were looking at is that when Amazon buys Whole Foods, you pick up about 450 stores. Now that is, if you're in the blast zone, consider this to be like nuclear war. If you're in the blast zone of a Whole Foods, there's going to be a real problem if you're a grocery store. But Walmart has done quite well. Walmart's the stock I like very much. And Kroger, a company I don't really care for, but last night I said Kroger is starting to have a response. Now, Kroger's response is very interesting. I want people to understand this. What Kroger is doing is going to local restaurants where Krogers are and say, we're going to give you a spot in a Kroger store where you can open a kind of mini restaurant. What does it do? It makes it so Krogers are far less cookie cutter and makes it so that they're more exciting. They are trying to have an experiential view at a Kroger. Now don't laugh at this. They can do that because when you have a cookie cutter grocery store which does not have anything special in the neighborhood, it does work. So now one of the reasons why I know this is one of the greatest grossing Whole Foods happens to be in Brooklyn, quite near for me, just a few blocks. Maybe the greatest grosser in this area, why? Because they accentuate local producers. And there is something that has to do with local pride that everybody's playing on. Kroger has looked at this, I imagine, looked at this Whole Foods. Kroger also has a very smart group of people who literally are trying to figure out what different age groups are wanting. So I mean Kroger, now Kroger is the stock that has moved up a lot like Macy's. You want to see Kroger cool if you want to see a video go higher. What do they have to do with each other? The money that is coming out of the rails, coming out of retail will flow back to tech. But remember, it is early. If we were doing this video at 12.30, I would feel better about how tech's going to do. All right, meanwhile, what did you think of Toll Brothers' earnings? Well, you know, Toll Brothers was up 63% coming in. I think there are some things which very concerned me that David Faber brought up, which is that the value of a Toll Brothers property in New York or New Jersey has very likely, since these are high properties, expensive properties, lost value because of the change in taxes. So I think there's a sense, even though orders were good, that maybe orders can't keep up with this sudden change in the tax code. Now you understand what's going on in the tax code. You can, before this, you had state and local deductions. So it made it so that these houses in very expensive areas had this terrific tax break. That's going away. So if you own a house in Jersey, I own a house in Jersey, it is immediately worth less. If you're buying a Toll Brothers property, it will immediately be worth less. So what people are thinking, if your stock's up 63%, is that there's no way they can maintain this price point given the sudden change that we have in the law that very few people are looking for? All right, well, watch how that one plays out. Meanwhile, Barclay's upgraded Slap, they say it's a snap, but they say it's a good time to get in. Do you agree? That's Ross Sandler. I mean, what he's doing, I have felt that there will come a moment where snap is worth more than it's selling for. And that came last week when I said the separation of snap social media from snap news showed a level of maturity that made me think that Spiegel, the guy who runs the company, has heard the footsteps and recognizes that a lot of people get their news, younger people get their news from snap. That matters, being more algorithmic matters, they came public too soon. It's not unlike Facebook. Now, it is no Facebook, but what I think people are recognizing is that you can coexist, that you can have Instagram stories and snap because snap does quite well. Would I buy snap here? The answer is yes. And now this is the same analyst who yesterday upgraded Blue Apron. Did you like that? Well, I mean, I think the main thing is he told you to get out of Blue Apron. I think he's declaring a victory lap that makes a lot of sense to me. All right, meanwhile, when it comes to action alerts plus names, last week at their investor conference, Illinois Toolworks, talked about this transition from phase one to phase two. Right, well, the organic growth is there. Now, I mentioned at the deal economy, and I'm urging people to go back, given the fact that I nailed to Disney and talked about what's happening in auto parts. I feel that there's a lot of momentum to the industries. And Illinois Toolworks is talking about nice low organic growth, but two to four. But talking about acquisitions, and I believe that they can either buy well-built, which is something I suggested at the conference, or sell their really very good restaurant commercial business, and then make well-built worth, worth more. Either way, the takeaway here is to buy well-built. Now, how do I know this? I own a restaurant. I'm looking into another restaurant. The first thing you do when you see this, is you look for ice machine. You look for fryer later. You look for ovens. Okay, those are what really determines, you're looking for energy saving devices. You're trying to be able to make it so that your restaurant's gross margins are higher. The two companies you tend to look at are, well, you look at Middleby. You certainly look at Marmin, which is owned by Berkshire Hathaway. You'll look at Illinois Toolworks because they own a very important division, and you'll look at Well-Built. Well-Built's the odd man out. They're either going to be, I believe, acquired by Illinois Toolworks or by Middleby, or they will do the acquisition because Illinois Toolworks has underfunded this particular aspect, in part because we know there are too many restaurants and maybe it's not the way to go. But Well-Built has, they can't get out of their core business by Well-Built. What about tax reform? Will that help Illinois Toolworks? Yeah, to some degree. I mean, I think that they have some domestic. It's not like retail, and it's not like a restaurant where you're seeing, and not like bank, where you're really seeing some radical declines in tax rate. I went through some tax rates last night, I may have money and they're pretty stark. But remember, that's yesterday's story. It took people by surprise. Now we're starting to see some money revert. But again, I say that it is too early to make a judgment on tech. We own NVIDIA and we own Broadcom. I particularly like Broadcom here. But NVIDIA, if you can get it at the price where it was trading ahead of time, if it comes back that way, you want to buy some NVIDIA. It's time has come. I have not pushed it on the way down. I think NVIDIA now represents not value but an opportunity. And you mentioned Broadcom. Anything you're expecting from their earnings tomorrow? You know what? I think that Broadcom is now a story about buying Qualcomm and the ability for Hock Tann to be able to squeeze Qualcomm by placing its slate of directors. I think that when you look at these tech companies, they've not been trading on earnings. They're trading on the idea that say for a Katie Ubert idea that Flash is now joining DISS as being oversupplied. That's one of the reasons why I have not pressed people to buy LAM research as it's come in. I do like Applied Materials because it has display, which is a very good business. But I'm watching Apple. And the one that I really think is the cheapest is you look at Alphabet on 2019 earnings and you see that Alphabet is far more than just Search. By 2019, you're going to see dramatic numbers coming out of Waymo. You'll see dramatic numbers coming out of YouTube. But most important, you'll see dramatic numbers coming out of Cloud. All right. You're going to have a lot more information on these stocks tomorrow's Action Alerts Plus call. Yeah. And we are going to address the failures because I like to do that. And one of the preeminent failures is Allergan. Once again, you have them on the other side of a particular study, this Revance. Now, when I look at Revance, it's not going to be until 2020. The label's not going to be as advantageous. You have to have much more of it versus Botox. But the fact is that Allergan's become an accursed stock. And we have to address that. On the flip side, one that I wish that I had bought because I was very bullish on it is McDonald's. That's a very big. That's a what it should have could have name. If that name had come back down, I probably would have reached for it. A lot of the stocks that we're going to be talking about are the mistakes that we made. A lot of them are going to be talking about the notion of what to do when a stock has run too much. We're going to have some lessons at the beginning of the call, five lessons. Then we are going to identify what we think are the core holdings. And then I will talk about the existential nature of how to be able to judge us on a daily basis, which is going to be including special calls that we're going to make down here, which I think is very, very important to try to do it as much on a daily basis as we can. And talk about the macro because what we're trying to make for club members is a one-stop shop. All you need to be able to make decisions at least on our stocks. But remember, I like to show what we did wrong. And the allergen declines is a holdover stock from the old regime that we had. One of the few, along with GE, tells you that unless you take the losses when you can, you end up riding a stock down. Now, is allergen a sale here? What we did was a sum of the parts analysis, which told you why it's not worth selling. We did not make the case to buy it. That said, of course, obviously, it is distressing to watch a Job-like stock keep going down. It is going to probably be subjected to more downgrades. But the core analysis is the sum of the parts is worth more than where the stock's trading. All right. It's great information. And go to actionalertsplus.com to sign up. Now, we have Dollar General coming up, a very important earnings report, very interesting article in The Wall Street Journal about how it's become a place to shop. I have said that we think that Dollar Tree moved up Dollar General to the point that perhaps Dollar General may not be received as well as people think.  All right. Jim Kramer, we'll leave it there. Thank you so much as always. All right. For more information on the stocks, Jim mentioned, go to thestreet.com.


Intracumeral immunity heterogeneity is poorly characterized. Here the authors apply exome sequencing, transcriptome profiling and T-cell repertoire profiling to multiple loci of non-small cell lung cancer patients by upseas and find high spatial immune heterogeneity with local mutational burden correlating with T-cell clonal expansion but not with cytotoxicity. This article was authored by Qingzhu Jiu, Wei Wu, Yu Chi Wang and others.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. Today I have Prabir, who is the editor-in-chief at NewsClick. We are going to discuss about the recent Japan election where President Shinzo Abe has achieved a landslide victory. We see this victory in the backdrop of the recent North Korean crisis and the move by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to remilitarize the country and amend the Article 9 of the Constitution. Prabir, is Japan moving towards militarization? Well, that's a question the Japanese people have to really answer because it would need probably a referendum in Japan to amend the Constitution, the Article 9 that you talked about. That may not be very easy because Japanese people to date have not been very favorable to both nuclearization and militarization. Both of these is what Shinzo Abe really wants. I think the important question really is what is the increasing role that Abe sees for Japan, particularly with respect to North Korea and with respect to the United States, because it's very clear that the United States today is a weakening hegemon. It has obviously still enormous military strength that should not be underestimated. Its economy is weakening and China is definitely emerging as probably in the long term the much bigger player. We have been seeing that for the last 10-15 years that the China, the global GDP, a big part of it is really contributed today by China, the growth and not by America. So it's not a question simply of how large the economies are, but at what rate they're growing because that will determine what's going to happen in the future. So if we take all that into account, Japan probably now wants to play a more important role as an independent player while being aligned with the United States. And therefore the re-militarization is a part of the larger, shall we say, the geo-strategic role that Japan may want to play in the region, both as a counter to China as an ally of the United States. I think that's where the re-militarization and also talking about the nuclear bombs, etc., is taking place. Of course, this is a part of a larger shift towards the right in a lot of the developed countries that we are seeing and also in underdeveloped, not so developed countries, for instance Turkey, India and so on. But I think therefore we need to really evaluate it both in terms of geo-strategic vision that Japan or the Japanese elite now want to have and also the internal politics of Japan. Recently we have seen that United States admitting that it has deployed large number of nuclear warheads in Okinawa base in Japan during the Cold War period. Will the militarization of Japan can be a problematic thing for United States? And will it push towards more of Japan still keeping its self-defense force rather than offensive force and U.S. playing a more active role in the region? You know, if we see the Japanese Constitution, it had actually barred nuclear weapons on its territory. Okinawa is Japanese territory. The United States took a position. It will not disclose what it has. And therefore they are not bound to say whether they have nuclear weapons in Okinawa. Neither are we going to say that if any nuclear submarine or if any warship or if any aircraft lands in any country, whether it is carrying nuclear weapons or not. And obviously the ships and submarines did carry nuclear weapons, particularly the submarines. So, this was a fiction used to maintain that we are not bringing nuclear weapons where they are not there. But in reality, nuclear weapons were positioned in Japan as well as you said in Okinawa as well on the periodic visits. Japan has always had protested against this. There is a huge peace movement. They protest every time Japanese ports saw nuclear submarines visit them from the United States. So, this has been a larger battle which has been going on. I think both for Japan and for the United States, militarization of Japan is seen to be something which is desired. Because they see this as a containment of China policy. United States today does not see Japan as a threat. Therefore, rearmament militarization would be very much in tune with what Trump says. Let them pay the cost of their own defense. Let them also bear the burden of defense that we do, which as you said is not defense, it's really offense. So, this is one part of it. I don't think the United States has any problems with Japan becoming militarized. And the problem is going to be all those countries in the region who saw Japanese occupation during the Second World War and still bear the scars of it, particularly Korea. Korea had both North and South, both parts of Korea and Japanese occupation. So, Japan is not exactly loved by the Koreans. It's not loved by a lot of other people as well, including the Chinese, as you know. In the Second World, Japan invaded China as well. So, I think those are the issues that we have to look at. What will be the impact of Japan's militarization on countries and people who looked upon Japan as the aggressor, as a war criminal, and who really did large-scale violence, massacres in these countries. So, I think Japan has been very reluctant to accept these issues. They are passed. And even today, as you know, some of the places where Shinzo goes to worship the ancestors and so on are very deeply connected to militarized past of Japan and therefore also very controversial abroad. So, those are the things that we have to see. I don't think the United States is really going to object to Japan militarizing. I think they would really welcome it. The victory of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, what impact will it have on the recent North Korean crisis which is happening in the region? Well, let's first rephrase it as a North Korean crisis. It's really a crisis which has been imposed on North Korea by the United States for the last 60 years. And North Korea has been reactive. And in this reaction, whether they could have been more strategic is an open question. Both Chinese and Russians have told them that they think that North Korea is not being strategic enough. So, DPRK Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, has also in that sense taken steps which could be construed as aggressive. Such as ballistic missile launches, nuclear explosion, test explosions and so on. And the rhetoric coming out of North Korea has also been, shall we say, similar to what Trump has been doing. Or the United States has been doing for a long time because this is, Trump may be more crude in his rhetoric, but Obama said almost the same thing regarding North Korea, bombing North Korea, annihilating North Korea. All the statements have come from all US presidents. As I said, phrased more injudiciously by Trump, if you will. I think Shinzo Abbott's statement, just after he won, that he's going to solve the North Korean crisis and he's going to be much more aggressive towards North Korea, does show that he's going to align far more with Trump policies, which is one of threatening and hoping that North Koreans will cave in, that North Koreans will surrender. We have to recognize that though this policy is not working, that North Koreans do not so show any signs of then surrendering, which is exactly what Trump and others are asking in the United States. But it is also true that while the intent may not be to go to war, the climate of tensions, the climate of rhetoric, the climate of threat means that any small mistake by anybody can lead to a nuclear exchange and a war, which in which case millions of North Koreans would die, South Koreans would also be badly affected. It's a soul itself, people say 200,000 people would be dead in any exchange, any war. And Japan is also not going to come unscathed because North Korea, if it launches even one nuclear bomb, if it does, that the most likely target to Japan if Shinzo becomes a party to the American war machine. So I think this is also this kind of statement which Abbey is making regarding North Korea is only worsening the crisis and Japan which should play or has the ability to play a more geostrategic role, a bigger diplomatic role to calm down tensions, not militarize the Korean Peninsula, debilitarize the conflict. I think that is the role we would expect its statesmen to play. It does not look like that Abbey Shinzo is really going to play that role. In fact, what is more likely that he is going to play shall we say a accompanist role to Trump. And that's not good for the region.