Hello and welcome in this video. We're going to create this simple little game It's not really game because there's no way to win. There's no objective it But basically we're just gonna create this little interface that has a spaceship that follows the cursor And we have another spaceship that follows the first spaceship. We're gonna do this in about 50 lines of code So let's go ahead and get started but to get started Let's go ahead and if you head over to get lab comm for it slash me likes 1,000 You can find this project called the very long name basic phaser top-down space shooter example It's just an example. I created for this video I'll put a link in the description of this video and when you get here You can clone the repository if you don't know what cloning is just go ahead and click and download the zip file instead Extract it to a directory on your web server if you're not running a web server You're going to have to set your browser up to allow the splitting of local files It's just easier to set up a web server Whatever web server you want, but I'm not going into details on that. We're just gonna go ahead and create something So let's go ahead and get started. This is the basic HTML Oh, when you download this package what it's gonna have is well read me a license And that's gonna have your HTML index index file and then the main JS is our main Code and then assets. What's inside assets? We're gonna have Two images in here basically the enemy spaceship and the player spaceship. So that's all that's really in there Now as I'm saying here is the HTML. Let's put this up here So you can see all the way across half these lines aren't really necessary, but they should be in there So it's just basic HTML Header we got a title here. We got some things that are basically for the sizing of mobile devices This styling is just CSS that basically gets the border away from around the game So the we're gonna have the game fill up the whole screen Which you may or may not want to do it depending on your style of game Then the most important two lines here are these script lines This one's loading phaser, which you can download locally, but we're just gonna link to it From a server and then our main JS file, which is where basically our all our code is going to go So let's go ahead and look at our main JS file Let's see Main JS and this is the code for our game and If you come down here, you can see total lines is actually exactly 50 lines of code right now But really this top line here. This is these top 17 lines is just basically it's the configuration for the game It's Jason and could all be put on one line We're gonna break down. So this is this I'm gonna do is I'm going to delete this and create it from scratch So let's go ahead and do that Okay, so now our game code is blank So let's start creating it first thing we're going to create is that thing I was talking about at the top of the screen is our configuration for our phaser game We're using phaser 3 here and this configuration just helps tell phaser You know what settings you want. So we're just gonna call this config We're gonna say equal and then we're gonna have it curly brackets They're gonna say type and with phase you have a few different options Remember case sensitive here capital P phaser web GL this is telling it to use web GL to render which will hopefully use hardware Acceleration next we're gonna give a width of our game. We'll just start with 800 But we're gonna change that a little bit and we're gonna give it a height which will give it. We'll say 600 so it's gonna be a Landscape type game in this particular case. Next we're gonna give it physics We're gonna barely use any physics in this example But if you were to continue developing this game, you're gonna want physics for collision detection and stuff like that so we're just gonna say Of course, you want spell stuff, right physics and In here, we're gonna give brackets and here there's different types of physics and For gaming and the most basic that phaser allows is going to be Arcade type physics, which is all we need for a type of game like this gonna be less system-hungry And for just very basic on the collision detection with bounding boxes And then here for that arcade physics, we're gonna give it some configuration We're going to say gravity and really we can leave this blank because we're not gonna have a gravity in our game But that's why I'm gonna set gravity set to Why you can have gravity pull left or right we're gonna pull up and down But we're just gonna say zero so really I don't even know if we need to put this line in here But I'm going to and we're also gonna set debugging to false I think it's on by default It's set to false by default But for some reason you wanted to turn it on it's right there You just change that to true and it will be on next We're going to close out our physics brackets here And move on to our scene so in a game you'll in many cases have multiple scenes They can be levels or menu screens stuff like that, but we're just gonna have one scene And we got to tell it functions so in a phaser game You're gonna have different type of functions some functions might have our and Initializing function which we're not going to need for this We're gonna have a preload where you load up all your assets any sprites images sounds that sort of thing So they all load before the game starts and Then you have to create where it creates everything and then you're gonna have an update that's going to run the update on As the game loops telling things what to do basically that's gonna be your main ongoing thing and here we're gonna say for our preload We're gonna call the function preload and we'll create that function it for our create. We're gonna call it create so basically the Right side of each of these columns you can call it whatever you want because they're gonna be the functions You're gonna create but in most cases you're gonna call the update update create create function function Or function function preload preload let's go ahead and close that out and I think we're good if I put all my brackets properly and let me do auto indentation everything looks good Okay, now that we have that we're going to actually create our game and we're gonna give it a name called game that way we can You know use it whenever we want by calling game Now we're gonna say it's a new phaser remember case sensitive here game and Here we're gonna put in all that configuration so you could type all that JSON That we just loaded up into here But it's easier to put it into a variable called in this case config and then load that into here Next we're gonna create those three functions the preload the create and the update Of course you want to spell things properly. It's usually helpful Okay, now that we have those now, I think we're gonna create two main objects in this game We're gonna create a player and an enemy and being on your scenario in most cases Especially with the enemies you're gonna want to create groups We're just gonna create any little individual objects here so it would be a good idea to either Set those as global variables in this particular case so we could do something like var player comma enemy like that Phaser three allows you to actually throw stuff like that into the configuration here, and it's not something I've read the documentation on but the way you would do that So I'm not sure the benefits of it is basically I'm saying as opposed to doing it the other way But we're going to say extend and we're gonna say player null because it isn't created yet and Enemy is set to know in our particular example right here if you didn't have that in there It's gonna work fine, but later on if your great game grows. It's a good idea to have them here that way It's not looking for something that doesn't exist at least here. They're they're declared even though they have no values So now the preload We're just gonna preload two assets our player and our enemy and so we're gonna say this referring to our current game Load and we're gonna say image Now in here we're gonna give the image a name and then point it to the file so here I'm gonna say player Comma and then here we're gonna link to the file I put both those images in a folder subfolder of the current folder in called assets So assets player dot PNG and again spelling things correctly is helpful. Let's go ahead and copy that line and just Change these to say enemy And we'll change this to say enemy as well because it's any PNG and player PNG and So now these images are loaded. They're loading up before the game starts that way they're there and ready to go on the system running in your RAM and The game doesn't you know try to use them, but they're not ready and so the player PNG will be able to call the call as an image called player and enemy will be called enemy So let's go ahead and use Those right now. Let's go ahead and create our player and again This is a very simple example a lot of this stuff like as far as loading assets I usually put in a for loop and just have an array of the Images or sounds that way I don't have to write out that line every single time and also like when I'm creating a player here Usually I create a whole other function called create player or create enemy and then call those in the create from the create function But here we're just gonna put everything because we're being so basic here There's only gonna be a few lines inside our create like maybe Five four or five. So let's go ahead and just say player So here we're creating the player. So that's just a comment for us. Let's forward says comment and here We're gonna say player equals this so our current game. We're gonna add physics and again We're gonna barely use physics. We're gonna use those physics to Follow the mouse cursor. I think I might need those on to follow each other or at least When you're having the player follow the mouse or the other enemy follow the player You're gonna want physics on especially for when they collide We're not gonna do anything with collision in this particular video But you would want when the player got to the cursor to stop when the enemy crashes into the player You know what death occurs or something along those lines So let's go ahead and just say Player equals this physics. So we're creating an object called player from this game. We're going to add it We're gonna say here that it has physics You can add a sprite and then later on add the physics at least in phaser 2 you could But at least in the examples I've seen for phaser 3 this the way it's done now We need to give it three things into this function the location of where we want the player to be loaded to start And then the image in this case we've called this image. We've already loaded it and called it player So I just kind of put kind of put them up near the top left of the screen We'll just say 80 pixels over and 60 pixels down and we will say to use The player image that we've loaded Let's go ahead and run that and now Right here. This is the game. I'm going to refresh now and Not sure let's go ahead and look at our developer console Main unexpected identifier on line five Uh-huh. I forgot a comma here. So that's useful So again in a chrome browser you hit f12. I think most web browsers f12 will open up Your developer console here if you're on a machine that doesn't have an f12 key Control shift I will also open up this so let's go ahead and refresh this now and there we go We've loaded up our scene. I have another error on line 32. It's saying add is not an option and It's because this should be physics not physics Now let's try again. There we go He's kind of big. Let's go ahead and make him a little bit smaller. So I'm just gonna say now that he's loaded I'm gonna say player dot and it's set capital S for scale and here We're gonna give it what size wants be you can do zero point five. I just do point five So we're gonna scale them down to half the size perfect so we've loaded our player and We've scaled them down. Now. Let's go to our update function for our player here So we'll come down here. So the update again, this is going to as your game loops It's going to run this update function each time. So first things first. Let's grab our whatever pointer we're using and phaser helps with this because a pointer might be a mouse cursor It might be a touchscreen finger you might have multiple fingers on the touchscreen and those will all be considered different inputs phaser helps us Here with the thing called active pointer So but let's go ahead instead of typing out. So it would be this for this current game input dot active capital P pointer is The active pointer, but we don't want to type that each time. So we're just gonna say If I could type pointer equals so now Anytime we call this pointer and really that's something that we should put either in a global variable or up here Technically putting it in that function without the var is making it a global variable. Oops Let's just say Pointer I think it's appropriate to have it there not putting that up there Wouldn't give us an error, but it's helpful just to have that stuff up there So people know of these global variables at least at the very minimum. So now we have our Active pointer and so every time the game updates gonna check was the active pointer put into an object called pointer Now we can use that so in here. Let's go ahead and center this up. We're going to say player Dot rotation So our player rotation we can set to where we want we can set it to a number So let's just you know set it to like 10 and see here if we reload this you can see he's turned 10 It's not 10 degrees But or yeah, because if we did angle which we're going to use here in a moment would be Basically in degrees, but here the rotation. I think one is a full rotation. So putting in 10 One whatever doesn't matter. We're going to use some math. We're gonna say phaser We're gonna use phaser to do our math dot math dot angle dot Between and so we're going to find the angle between two objects or two Coordinates really so we need the players x and y and our pointers x and y so here I'm going to say player dot x comma player dot y So that's our first location now comma and we've created our pointer Otherwise if we didn't create this pointer object here, we'd have to type this input active pointer For each one of these so we're just going to say now pointer dot x comma pointer dot y And if we did everything right this is going to try to turn our players and they're refreshed over here You can see it's trying to follow my cursor, but he's he's looking so when I'm at over here He's looking up. That's because it doesn't know which way our image is facing which is front-end phaser It seems to be defaulting to whatever is at the right side of the image is the the front is what it's considering so if you were in a Side scroller that side would be front now. I don't know there's probably a better way to do this But the way I fix it in this particular example, I'm gonna say player dot angle And I take the current angle so every time the game updates it's going to Calculate the angle between the player and the cursor and then I'm going to add 90 degrees to that again There's probably a better way to do that, but that is the way I'm doing it this time So refresh this and you can see now the player is constantly following my cursor as long as he's in that window Once he goes out of the window it stops following it. There we go Now let's do one more thing. We want the player to follow The pointer at a certain speed, so let's go ahead and save this for again this current game We're going to use the physics in this game and then we're going to say move to the capital T Object So now we got to give it what object we want to move What object we want to move it to and the speed we want to move that so I'm gonna say player So we're gonna move our player we're gonna move it to well where our pointer is which is updating each time we loop That's why you put this in the update function here And the speed now I'm gonna say 600 and again I'm giving it a static number here Normally I would put that number that 600 or whatever speed I want to be into the player object and that way It's linked to that player especially when it comes to enemies might want to have different enemies at different speeds But I would create a variable I would create object dot speed or something like that and that would be the player speed But now that we've done that if everything is correct. We can refresh this and now it's following My cursor perfect Okay, let's come back over here now. Let's go ahead and load our player That's a little annoying that he flickers like that That's so it's happening here as he's hitting my cursor He's still trying to follow it and that's why I said we're not gonna go over in this tutorial But you want to hit set up a collision detection that when it reaches the cursor He stops following it until it goes outside of the cursor. Anyway let's go ahead and add in our enemy now and In reality what we can do is we can just say, you know Copy these two lines and paste them in here change this to be enemy Change the image that we're loading to enemy Changes location. We'll move them to a 400 by 300 would be the middle of the screen Although you can use math to figure that out And we'll say scale the enemy down. So he's not huge to half size. There we go. There he is We can fly around him all we want. He doesn't move because we haven't given him any update functions So let's come down here. Let's just add in a comment here player Just divide up the sections make it easier to read another comment enemy and So let's go ahead and see what do we want the enemy to do? We want him to rotate basically the same things that the player is doing but To the player not the cursor. So I'm going to do is I'm just going to copy these three lines And paste them in here and change this from player to Enemy and again in reality the I put this in a function for the enemy and Say this for itself and Also enemies would be in a group or an array of some sort so you can loop through them all because you want all the enemies Doing this but we're just creating one enemy here. We're saying Enemy the location of enemy and we want it to move to where the location of the player is And now we're going to say enemy now If you look at the assets for these by default the players pointing up the enemy sprite is facing down so here instead of Positive 90 we want to move him negative 90 degrees or yeah angle and then here we're going to want to have him move So that we're moving the enemy to the player and we don't want the enemy to be as Fast as the player want the player to be a little bit faster. So we'll say 400 and now we'll do this And now he is following the player. We have no errors. Let's go ahead and close our console here our window is 800 pixels by 600 pixels. Let's make that a little bit bigger What we can do is up here at the top of this Instead of 800 and there's different ways to do this with phaser You had different ways to go full screen where whether it stretches the this the image stays Proportionate here. I'm not going to go full screen as far as making it full screen full screen But I'm going to fill up the whole window. So what I'm going to say is window dot inner width with a capital W For width and the height will say the window dot inner height so now The game will fill up the screen no matter the size of screen now if I was to make this full screen or this Window at least fit the full window, you notice it doesn't go all the way over here but if I refresh it will and We can create a resize function that detects when the windows resize and then resize the canvas It's not that hard to do. We're not going to go over that in the world. We are pretty much done This is what we wanted to accomplish in this video And I just wanted to go through from beginning to end something simple so again He's following the cursor and the enemy is following the player and that is pretty much it now I am currently working on a game. That's basically this concept. This is what I have so far I have the player he can shoot He moves he stops me hits the cursor and so the enemy also stops when he hits the player But then he's pushing him into my cursor. That's still something I need to fix I need to hide my regular cursor I have an X here for where we're shooting to the player can shoot I haven't set any collision detection for the shooting yet We have that he has three lives There's no way of losing lives. It's something that I'm trying to do a half an hour to 45 minutes of just just add I want to add some sort of functionality almost every day So it's just a little bit each day just to keep me working each day if you want to Participate in this project. You can get the code again at get lab.com forward slash mail X 1000 The game is called obler space mission. What does obler mean? It is the word. I just made up I don't think it has a meaning. I just said what's a spacey sounding word obler. Well, there it is you can clone this and You know push changes up and so if you wanted to you could help with this too And it's just I try to it's been a while But I try to try to do some sort of project like this where I'm just doing a little bit every day It keeps me up on my skills and I've done a lot with phaser 2. This is the first real thing I'm doing with phaser 3 so a lot of the templates I've created for Vim are either outdated a lot of them still work But there's newer ways doing it that might be easier or they just don't work at all So I'm just trying to learn it so I can start creating new templates here if you want to learn phaser if you go to phaser.io is where you can find out phaser phaser 3 is still being developed So if you come here and you go to examples It's going to bring you to the phaser 2 examples, which there are plenty of you know You click come in here you click on one of these are listed by categories you can click on one of these and loads it right up and Here right here.  I also think I saw a link back here somewhere whoops Oh too far right. Where did it say? That phaser somewhere maybe it was under the examples Yeah, right here phaser 3 labs and in here. There's a lot of examples for phaser 3 So like I can come in here and I can say Animation then I can click on one of these And there we go. We got Mummy pooping and then you can click edit and it will actually bring you to I don't know why it doesn't just bring you straight to this This this previous little interface that we were just at It's kind of useless. I always just click straight to here and click run code It will run it over here and this is the entire code for this particular Example and you can download it and whatnot So I'll look through those examples if you haven't played with phaser if you want to see more examples of phaser I can do that for you is great Simple to use and of course, you know cross-platform once you create something you throw up on a server and Regardless of your operating system or your device as long as you have a relatively new web browser That game will run pretty much anywhere Do thank you for watching as always pleases it films by Chris calm That's Chris the K There's a link in the description of the video to that along with the code and the project and the examples from This video I do thank you for watching and as always I hope that you have a great day


As a dating and relationship coach, one of the common frustrations I hear from women, particularly when it comes to understanding men, centers around men who seem to struggle opening up emotionally. In fact, I probably would say that's one of the top five things women wished from men that they would open up emotionally. And I think before we lean into that how to do that, I think it's important to understand why this happens. Now, for those of you who follow my channel, I'm more of a personal development coach than actually a dating and relationship coach. And what I mean to say is I'm here to encourage individuals to do personal development, self-help and spiritual. Why? Because one of the fundamental causes of human beings being what I call emotionally constipated, and that was a friend of mine who shared that terminology with me. Some people call it emotionally unavailable. Some people call it emotionally frustrated. I like the term emotionally constipated. Is that typically a human being has experienced some sort of traumatic wound in their life. This is also known as childhood wounds and traumas or adult traumas that might cause them to stuff their emotions. In addition, men have been preconditioned to actually be more stoic and not even share their emotions because they were taught by sharing emotions that isn't very manly.  So to understand that part of it is social conditioning, but really what causes most men to be that emotionally unavailable person that makes it difficult for them to open up is as I said earlier, childhood wounds and traumas or adult traumas. And this is true for women as well as men. This is one of the reasons why I highly encourage human beings to read this book called The Hoffman Process. The Hoffman Process, here's a copy of it. This is a book to heal your childhood wounds and traumas or if you want Google the Hoffman Process and go to their retreat center, there's one in Napa, there's one in, I think on the East Coast as well because this organization has a way of helping individuals find that peace within themselves to genuinely love on themselves, to really genuinely love on themselves. I know personally when I went in 2017, there was an experience I had where I felt, I experienced what felt like a blanket of self love. And given that the number one emotional health issue for most human beings is I'm not good enough, I'm not lovable, I'm not likeable, we are thirsty, human beings are thirsty for a capacity to open themselves up emotionally and yet they struggle on the inside to get there. This is one of the reasons why, where the heck did I put my book? My book is What the Heck Is Self Love Anyway? A Journey of Personal Development, Self-Help in Spiritual Work. By the way, all the books I recommend are in the description below. Why I'm suggesting this is if you want to understand how to open up a man, ladies, then it starts by actually learning to open up within yourself. I can tell you as a coach, and I've worked with thousands of women, I have over 10 to probably 20,000 hours of coaching. By the way, if you want to schedule a discovery call with me, right there is a link. Check out a link to a free discovery call to see if working with a coach is right for you. Well, I share this with you is I will tell you women as much as they think they're good at emotional communication. Oftentimes, women might vomit their feelings or have diarrhea in the mouth when it comes to their feelings and not necessarily articulate in a way to be seen, heard, and understood. This is why human beings need a level of education when it comes to looking inside and more importantly, coming back to women. I would say there is a huge percentage of the female population that act as people pleasers that stuff their emotions. In fact, in many cases, some of these women are doormats and they're being taken advantage by women or by men, excuse me, and I'm here to encourage a more empowered approach to the process. But if you want to get a man to open up emotionally, then you have to recognize, or at least this is my invitation for you, that you might need to learn how to open up emotionally within yourself. You know, it's interesting in my private coaching, one of the exercises we do is a journaling exercise. And I can tell you, probably seven out of 10 women who do this exercise struggle mightily to actually express their emotions on what they want to feel in a relationship. Can you believe that? It's interesting, 70% of the women that work with me have difficulty actually writing down the types of emotions and feelings they want to experience in a relationship.  And yet when they go through this process, they find themselves going, oh my gosh, I really didn't have an understanding of who I am or what I'm all about. So I'm here to offer approach of, again, an invitation to do inner work. And hopefully by doing this work, you actually become more attuned to yourself by being able to ask better questions to determine to gauge a man's emotional maturity and also if he's compatible with you. In fact, one of the significant things I do in my private coaching is called radical honesty, pre-qualifying your prospect. Why is it important to do that? When you learn based on your personality what questions you can ask a guy, not can, are willing to ask a guy, you can gauge his emotional maturity. Is he emotionally constipated? Is he emotionally unavailable? Or does he have a capacity? He just needs a little bit of help. And I can certainly help you with that. And again, schedule a call with me to see if working with a coach is right for you. All right, so how do we get a man to open up emotionally? Well, I've got my trusty nose. I want to be candid with you. I Googled this out of curiosity and it's funny because a friend of mine had written an article that we had talked about years ago, this very same subject. And I go, hey, we'd already discussed this. I thought I'd pull out this information for this video. So number one, if these are some simple tips to get a man to open up emotionally, number one, I highly recommend paying attention to his body language, paying attention to his body language. Men and women alike demonstrate their feelings through their body language. Do you know communication is roughly 80 or 90% non-verbal? So it's fascinating how many humans believe that they're talking to someone when they're talking on the phone via text message, that they're actually having real dialogue. Yet when it's our facial expressions, our energy that even our pheromones and our hormones represent part of communication. And yet I talk to women so frequently, they go, I'm madly in love with the man. I've been talking to him on the phone for six months. They've never met him. You've been having communication but you really haven't heard the communication until you physically can see their body language. And by determining a person's body language, you then can do what I call mirror and matching. One of the things, and I learned this in sales years ago, mirror and matching is when somebody's body language is like this, you can mirror their body language so they can see how they're representing themselves by being a reflection of them. It's really important to pay attention to body language because that gives you an indication of how a man or a woman is operating in that moment. And in that particular case, you can start to connect with them if you do this technique called mirror and matching. If you want some help with it, do me a favor, Google mirror and matching plus sales and you can learn a little bit more of these techniques that salespeople use to actually feel like their prospective client is engaging with them. So pay attention to body language and then operate from a place of mirror and matching. Okay, number two, this is so hugely important. Most men who go through a divorce, say one of the fundamental frustrations they had in their marriage was feeling a lack of appreciation with their partner. Their partner actually appreciating them. Ladies, you've experienced this as well and men experience this as equal as you. Men don't oftentimes feel appreciated for their efforts. So if you can, by the way, I invite you to use these words instead of thank you. Thank you is something we say to the grocery store person. Thank you is something we say to random people. I say random people, now we can use thank you. I'm going to invite you to use different words. I want you to start to incorporate the words grateful, gratitude and appreciation. You know, my girlfriend said something to me the other day. She just really appreciated that I got up this morning and she's got a little shoulder problem and I got her ice pack for her so she could put it around herself. And she just simply said, Jonathan, I really appreciated you doing that. She didn't have to be asked, I just did it. Now, my point in bringing this up is when you use terms like grateful, gratitude, appreciation, these are powerful words that helps emotions within a human being. So that's my invitation for you to start sharing more appreciation. Number three, do fun things together. That's right, do fun things together. You know, again, I come back to how many women I communicate or reach out to coaching with me are in long distance relationships. They're in cyber relationships, thinking they're actually in a relationship with someone and yet men bond through social activities, hobbies, mutual interests. That's how a man genuinely bonds with another person. Certainly with their male friends, it's playing golf together, going fishing together, going to the car show. These are just some things that I'm gonna be doing recently or did recently and gonna be doing. That's how men bond. Well, it's the same ladies. I'm encouraging you social activities, hobbies, mutual interests and you can be the instigators of these events. I remember one year I was dating a woman and she said, hey, Jonathan, can we go do a hike up at the Hollywood sign? She instigated it and we had a great time. It was a great bonding experience. So doing social activities, hobbies, mutual interests is a great way. Do fun things together that allow you to connect because you know, how do I say this? When we're men, how we get into our body, our emotions is through the doing of things. Is through the doing of things. We don't connect through our body through the telephone. How's your day going? Did you have a good day? I hope you had a good day. Most human beings are having such benign conversation, surface level conversation. They're not going deeper, which will allow you to connect to a man and help him open up emotionally. Number three, four, do the things he cares about. Do those things. It's not about you love the opera and you want him to go with you to the opera. I'm here, I'm using that as an example, but I'm here to suggest do the things he cares about. Folks, let me bottom line something to you. I was watching a video the other day where someone said, if you really want to get to know another human being, you have to live with them. That's how you get to know someone. That's why my relationship, we now live together. We are getting to know each other at a deeper level. Well, if you want to get to know each other at a deeper level prior to moving in together, getting married, then you're going to have to do a lot of stuff together. Weekend relationships where you see each other once every other week, isn't going to build the deep roots of trust. The light, and by the way, trust is the most critical component of a relationship because trust isn't just about someone's fidelity. Trust is, does this person care about my feelings as much as I care about my own? In other words, does this person have my best interest at heart? And the way you're going to get there is through social activities, hobbies, doing things together, doing and doing the things he cares about as well. And that's number four, doing the things he cares about. You have to do stuff together. Number five, don't make assumptions when it comes to men. Oh my God, this is driving me nuts. So many women are saying, Jonathan, why don't men think the way I do?  We think differently. We operate differently. Why are you expecting men to be, or why are you expecting men to be shaven versions of you? I mean, men are hairier creatures. So you're expecting a shaven version of you. Don't make assumptions when it comes to men. Be more direct. If you have something to say, be direct. Men can't stand that you have this expectation that we're mind readers for you. Be direct. Don't make assumptions when it comes to men. Ask more direct questions. And lastly, if you want to get a man to open up emotionally, then you're gonna have to lead by example. I think of my dear friend, who was in a relationship for four years with a woman who constantly led by example with her feelings. And I can say, my friend was more of a stoic type of man. Great guy, true mention in the world, but stoic. It was through her leading by example, leading by example by expressing her feelings, expressing her feelings, expressing her feelings. Was he able to start tapping into his own feelings? If you haven't read the book, Emotional Intimacy by Robert Masters, I highly recommend checking this out. Because ladies, many of you think you understand emotions. I can tell you, probably less than 3% of the human population actually understands their own emotions in a healthy, happy way. So if you wanna shift the narrative, then maybe learning about your individual emotions and then being more expressive with it in a, by the way, I'm a big proponent of speaking your truth, doing it with kindness, doing it with kindness is a great way to get a man to open up more fully to you. Look it, the passive dating process today is not going, people aren't going anywhere in this passive casual world. I'm here to promote something more radical.  If you want to be in a healthy, happy relationship, then set your standards and set your boundaries rather early. In fact, this is one of the reasons why I created my dating vows. If you haven't seen it before, by the way, the dating vows is in the description below. Because have you ever heard the phrase, women are the gatekeepers of sex and men are the gatekeepers of commitment? So if you want to be in a committed relationship, I invite you before you get physically intimate with someone, then you establish your standards. And here's a sample of one. Each person says the following. I, Jonathan, agree to explore the process of getting to know you with the intent to declare something serious within three to six months. I agree to be monogamous sexually while we're having regular sex together. I agree not to actively seek to meet and date others while we're in the dating process, including taking down my dating profile. I agree to speak up if this isn't working for me versus pulling back, ghosting or disappearing. And lastly, I agree to invest regular time in the process to get to know you, which looks like spending three or four days and nights a week together, doing shared activities, hobbies, mutual interests, spending time with family and friends, traveling together, teamwork, building skills, both in our personal, our professional life, intimacy, both physical and emotional intimacy, that leads to maybe moving in together, getting married. These are the exact vows I said to my sweetheart. Okay, I think she was pretty grateful that I was more intentional. Listen, I know you love the idea that you can just sit back in your feminine energy and let a man claim you, but here's the problem with the dating process today. Men, what's that old saying?  Why buy the cow if you can get the milk for free? Look it, sex is so freely given today. It's so freely given today that men have made about this much of a commitment to a person. If you wanna shift the narrative, then you have to be in charge of your relationship destiny. And if you wanna get a man to open up and emotionally, then start reading the books that I keep talking about habitually with men. And I gotta tell you something, I had a guy send me a message on YouTube just yesterday said, Jonathan, I've been following your channel. I have sent your channel to my girlfriend because everything you're saying resonates with me. Ladies, a small percentage of men will agree to the dating vows. A majority won't, but guess what? Those guys aren't serious anyway. And if you want a serious relationship, then stand up in your power, lead by example, take charge of your relationship destiny, be in your empowerment, because guess what? It's not a fair world out there.  If you want something to happen in your life, then you have to make it happen for yourself. The fantasy is over. Wake up and smell the coffee. All right, I'm done pontificating right now. Listen, has this resonated with you if it has, please let me know, hit that like button. Please share this video. Please subscribe to my channel if you're brand new. If you wanna connect with me, check out the links below to whether a discovery call with me or my group or even follow me on Instagram or purchase my books. All right, I think this will be a great place to wrap up our video today. I'm gonna do it as I always do.  I'm gonna reach into the camera and give you a hug of love if that's okay. I'm asking you to turn to someone, a pet, a teddy bear or a pillow, and give Iter them a hug of love because hugs are a great source of love. And let's face it, we could all use more love in our lives.


The Middle English period is marked by the great reduction in the inflectional system inherited from Old English. This tendency was accelerated by the social upheaval and the mixture of tongues that the Norman conquest brought about. But it was already noticeable in Old English from the end of the 10th century. This lecture summarizes the main developments in Middle English morphology. As usual we will look at declension and conjugation. But what exactly were the reasons for the morphological changes? Well, let's start with this question. Among the reasons for language change, two changes seem to have been most effective in Middle English. One of them is language contact. Old English often mixed with Old Norse, even though English and Scandinavian words were sufficiently different, doubts about the correct form of ending arose leading to the use of other devices to express the relevant distinctions. The simplest solution to make long words compatible with Middle English was to drop the inflections completely. A procedure that had already been used to some extent with Latin words in Old English and could now be applied to the French long words that came into the English language during the Middle English period. And then there were phonological reasons. The weakening and the eventual loss of unstressed syllables at the end of words weakened many of the Old English inflections. We already discussed this example in the e-lecture Old English morphology. But this is what happened. In words such as Erdan, first of all the final vowel was reduced, then a typical tendency was that final nasals merged to alveolar nasals, and eventually these nasals were dropped. But by the end of the Middle English period English only had a handful of inflections left over. Let us look at some of them and start with declension. Middle English had changed from a synthetic language to a much more analytic language depending on word order and particles, indicating the functional relationships between the words in a sentence. In comparison to Old English the system of declensions, that is inflections of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and determiners was heavily reduced. So let us look at nouns first. By late Old English the case affix um that denotes the dative in Old English had changed to um. So this is what happened until late Old English. So namum became naman, fulcum had become fulcum and erdan had become erdan. So here you see the merger of the final nasals to alveolar nasals. At about the same time all vowels of all inflectional endings were reduced to schwa plus nasal. Later the final nasal was also lost. So in Middle English the first step was then to reduce these endings to a type without the final nasal. And by late English the final vowel had also disappeared. So the eventual results were nam, fulc and erf, though in many cases in spelling the final e was not dropped. As a result of all these changes the case distinctions in nouns were reduced to two cases by the end of the 15th century. So the cases hund, hundes, hunde, hund, hunde, of course this is the present day English word for dog, hound. These cases were eventually reduced to two cases, the oblique case and the genitive case hundes. Well and in the plural only one case remained, hundas, hundas, hundum, hundas, hundum just became hundes in the plural. The only difference between Middle English and present day English was the use of a few plurals ending in en, which have since disappeared such as iron, hosen, peasant, etc. With two cases and no distinct grammatical genders the morphology of Middle English nouns was in many ways now identical with that of present day English. Needless to say that just like in old English the distinction between singular and plural was fused with the case ending in Middle English. Of all word classes adjectives suffered the greatest inflectional losses in Middle English. Although adjectives were among the most highly inflected word classes in old English they became totally uninflected by the end of the Middle English period. Let's look at an example in old English there was a distinction drawn between the strong and the weak declension of adjectives. The weak declension used adjectives in the context of determiners, se blind a hund, the blind dog, and the strong one blind hund used adjectives without the occurrence of a determiner. Now this distinction between strong and weak declension had vanished almost completely except for monosyllabic adjectives ending in a consonant like blind. This distinction remained in Middle English however it was lost at a later stage of Middle English so that it is not surprising that at the end of the Middle English period it looked like the form in present day English the blind hund. Since adjectival case and gender depended on the nouns they modified these distinctions disappeared when the nouns lost them. In the e-lecture old English morphology we showed that old English demonstratives were highly inflected. There were two forms for the number singular and plural here only the singular is represented. There were three genders and five cases but by the end of the Middle English period only these two forms had survived to denote the singular and in the plural we had these and those. At the same time the indeclinable article V developed. It split off from true demonstratives and at first only replaced old English say and sale the masculine and feminine nominative singular forms of present day English that. Let's look at pronouns next. We already mentioned in the e-lecture about the old English morphology that of all the categories of present day English the personal pronouns are the most conservative. They have retained three cases subject case object case and genitive and are almost identical to those in Middle English with the exception that the old English dual was no longer part of the Middle English system. The major difference between Middle English and present day English was the consistent use of three cases and the maintenance of the second person singular and plural distinction. Middle English had no relative pronoun as such. Instead it used the indeclinable particle that that supplanted old English say as an all purpose pronoun for example as a relative pronoun. Let's finally look at verbs and the system of conjugation. Despite the changes within the verbal system between old English and Middle English Middle English retained at least to some extent all the earlier inflectional categories tense mood number and person and the distinction between strong and weak verbs. Here we have two examples Middle English reason and look and rise and look are the present day English equivalents. And as you can see whereas in the first person singular present tense both forms are identical in terms of their inflectional possibilities reason and look as they're different in the past tense form. First person singular past tense rose the strong form which involves the vocaliic change and look at the weak declension which involves the dental suffix d e the regular past tense suffix. In the past participles the differences were less obvious a reason versus a look at an additional aspect that affected Middle English was the beginning of the use of the complex system of periphrastic verb phrases verb phrases consisting of several elements. Here we have the examples he have had I have had he was led I was led and so on and so forth so aspect and voice was denoted via periphrastic verb phrases and this characterizes today's English. It doesn't make sense to show all forms of several selected verbs in an e lecture of this kind in the virtual linguistics campus unit Middle English morphology you have access to several interactive examples like these. Here you see the verb look and present the English look and by means of simple mouse roll over you can see the translation and you can access further information on the virtual linguistics campus using this and many more examples. Well let's summarize. Middle English had become far more analytic than old English in many ways the inflectional system was similar to that of present day English only few categories were more complex morphologically verbs which had maintained the person distinction and nouns which still used more plural forms than present day English. As the inflectional system decayed other devices were increasingly used to replace it. For one thing word order became more important to mark the main functional elements of claw structure. But that is a different story. So see you again in the e lecture early modern English morphology or in any other e lecture in our channel until then have a nice time.