Hello everyone, this is Alice Gal. In this short video, I'm going to talk about the two clicker questions in lecture 10 on slides 29 and 30. The purpose of these clicker questions are for you to practice calculating a conditional probability using the base rule. Here's the first question, and I've already written out the process of deriving the correct answer using two ways. When I discussed the base rule, I mentioned the most straightforward way of thinking about the base rule and deriving it. I also mentioned the second way of interpreting it by thinking about the denominator as a normalization constant. So let's look at these two different ways of getting the same result. If we are going to apply the base rule straight away, here is what we're going to do. We want to calculate the probability of not a given w. And by applying the base rule, that means on top, in the numerator, we have the conditional probability flipped, plus we have the prior probability of not a, and then the denominator is the prior probability of w. But in order to calculate this, we need these three quantities, and we have one of them directly. So we have the probability of w given not a directly, that's right there. We have the probability of not a indirectly. We have probability of a, so not a is just one minus 0.1. We need to calculate the probability of w. So how do we do that? The line below is doing that. In order to calculate the probability of w, we need to apply the sum rule in reverse, and then apply the product rule. So the combination of those two steps will give you probability of w given a multiplied by the probability of a, plus the probability of w given not a multiplied by the probability of not a. And given this expression, we have pretty much all of the information we need. So plugging the numbers, we get 0.45. And then taking this and plugging it into the formula above, we get a final answer, which is 0.8. As you can see, it takes some work to calculate this denominator, which is important for applying the base rule. But the second approach sort of avoids this a little bit and calculate it in a different way. So for our second approach, we are not only just calculating one probability, right? The question is only asking us to calculate the probability of not a given w, but using this approach as a byproduct, we'll end up calculating the probability of a given w as well. So how do we do this? Well, in order to calculate these probabilities, we are only going to calculate the corresponding numerator in the base rule equation. So the numerator corresponding to probability of a given w is this top one. And then the numerator corresponding to probability of not a given w is this bottom one. So we'll calculate these two numerators and they end up being these two numbers. This is our first step, right? The second step says we are going to normalize both values by calculating their sum and then dividing each value by their sum. So we first calculate their sum and then we'll take each value and divide it by the sum that we just calculated. You can see the effect of this is that previously these two values, 0.09 and 0.36, they do not sum to one. But after this normalization, we get 0.2 and 0.8 and they sum to one. And then 0.8 is our answer to this question. I hope you find these two approaches interesting and I'm also curious about which approach would you prefer if you are doing this question in an exam, for example. Let's look at the second question. I usually give two clicker questions in class when I will ask you to do the first one, explain the whole process, and then the second question is for your practice. So this question, again, conceptually is exactly the same as the previous question. So I've written out all the steps here somewhat simplified. I didn't write out some of the intermediate steps. So the top approach is again, we are directly applying the base rule, but I've directly written out the denominator right here. So the denominator is already expanded into the sum of the two terms. And then we can directly apply plugging a lot of the numbers and get the final result. Notice here, a lot of the probabilities that we need are not directly available. So we need to do a lot of these one minus something to get the probability that we need. For the second approach down below, we have similar to what I did in the previous, on the previous slide, we calculate the two terms, two terms, and they correspond to the two probabilities in the distribution. And once we've calculated these two numbers, sum them up. And then for the probability that we're looking for, take that value and divide it by the sum. This is how we normalize it to get a probability distribution. That's everything for this video. The most important thing that you should take away from this video is how to calculate a conditional probability using the base rule, using the two different approaches. The first one is applying it directly where the second one is treating the denominator as a normalization constant. Thank you for watching. I will see you in the next video. Bye for now.


Welcome back to the channel today wait wait wait before we even get on to the video. We got to say there is 26 More days left until Christmas I hope y'all already have your list written out and I hope you get everything that you asked for Maybe not everything but I already don't want this month to get like to be over because like the house just feels so happy and like It feels so much better. I don't know. It's just I don't want to put everything away, dude Just like right now I'm like sitting next to our tree and I just feel like I feel good I feel like in the Christmas spirit, you know what 10 a.m Santa's coming to town and I can't freaking wait. Also makes you guys stay tuned for Friday's YouTube video We are doing something that you guys have been dying for us to do if you guys can comment down below We guys think we're doing I gave a hit on Instagram I actually kind of already said it but if you don't follow us Instagram Then you don't know but comment down below because we are going to be pulling all of the cards out and Making something for the whole month of December that y'all will see in every video Yes, that's all I'm gonna say if you if you could piece it together when I'm talking about just stay tuned if you're not subscribed Welcome to the marble family make sure to hit that subscribe button and like this video up We're already starting the Christmas spirit already, but there's one thing wrong. There's one thing wrong There's one thing that you're not in for the Christmas spirit fire. So where's the first outfit Guys as you guys write like today's title, I'm gonna be having him rate my sexy cute. Yeah, I give this one The button Why you have to say But you really said granny I know but I love it. Oh, this reminds me of your grandpa, you know Thanksgiving grandpa Okay, come in there. I just where's my stuff? All right, I'll food number one. Let's go. Are you ready? I'm ready and waiting All right, here I come this one's more on the more simple side to kind of start it off easy because I have a lot To come all right open up.  Dang, let me just say right off the bat. This is not simple, baby I'm telling you right now. It's Christmas and I get my tonight. I will throw a fit Why have you not worn this because I've been waiting to get your reaction of it? And I've been wearing a little soft it is yo, I'm telling you right now Also, I think it's I'm getting tan. Yeah, would you get this from fashion over all right right now? 9 out of 10 This is not simple. Oh you like that. I love it. It just fits your body so well, too You look sexy you honestly we could just end the video here and I wouldn't kiss my lips It could just be a one outfit video because I love this so much This just takes the title for everything I might wear this for Friday's video Okay, I was gonna say don't say to a family Christmas party because that's a hell no I think I'm thinking of wearing to be this on all right wasn't it nine out of ten perfect I actually really like that one. Yeah, so much stay tuned for the next if it just gets better after this I don't even know I'm out of not even get through this whole video All right close your eyes. Oh, oh my god Hey, I have to say one thing this did not come as it said it was gonna come They were supposed to be things that were on it. Maybe I saw sneak peek and I promise you like I'd already love it So, okay ready? Yeah Wow We don't need to show the camera the backside though.  Oh my gosh It's like velvet Well, it was supposed to have like do like feather on it I don't know why I didn't come in like that because I have white little feathers Nice arms leaves. Yeah, what is like like Mrs. Claus after hours is how we're gonna call it Yes, all right this one. Mmm, so it's it's it's yeah, I know trust me. I'm looking at the back It's super cute. Yeah, it's like I've been have the white like it said I'm gonna say it would have been better Yeah, yeah fuzzies it would have been like this was supposed to this this You would have looked like this I'm gonna say I'm gonna give this one 7 out of 10 7 out of 10 because I feel like it could use a little more kind of looks like you might be between Mrs. Claus and Superwoman kind of it's what we're right here, but 7 out of 10 I think that's a solid rating because that is still a solid outfit And it matches your lipstick I just noticed that I don't usually wear by lipstick Scares me. I think it looks hot. I said she looks like a good version of like Marilyn Monroe Well Marilyn Monroe does is a good looking but like I'm just saying like she looks good I don't think you're ready for this one. I bet I know this is like you think it's gonna be a Halloween costume What but this is like the coolest thing I guys I see a little bit. What color is it? What do I got working for I got to get some mental image. Are we talking red green or orange? I don't know. What is your guess? I feel a white fuzzies though, right? What are your guesses? I'm just gonna say red red and white because that's just open your eyes. I'm gonna see this oh My Isn't this cute wait what wait that's actually it's like a Halloween outfit, but it's not it's like little red riding meets Mrs. Santa and They had a baby and you're the baby that comes out Oh, I'm actually obsessed with this wait this actually is cute, right? It's my next Christmas. It's just so much going on I don't even I literally don't even know where to start because like this kind of reminds you like a nurse This kind of reminds me of like a clown. Yeah. Yeah, like a clown. Yeah, but this all this is cute You should oh you should wear that for like I'm gonna say if you had like a Christmas party or something This is cute or for pictures like low-key follow around Instagram because Go a feature of this hood hands down the most confusing but interesting outfit of the day I am going to rate this out of 10 eight eight eight and a half with cuz the hood I don't know why but up here you look so good also probably because No, no, no what I'm saying it looks really good, but this is the main feature for me You just look stunning. Would you rate it eight eight and a half okay eight and a half out of ten I think it's a super fair read because there's a lot going on, but I think it's like super I'm obsessed with this one. I definitely like you to wear this again. Oh, I won't All right, baby come on out what we got outfit number four already. I think so out of five Yeah, this isn't my favorite, but this might be your favorite. You can't tell me I got a negative feedback of what I'm gonna expect My eyes.  All right, then open it. All right. Oh, what do you mean? It's not your favorite. You like it. This is cute This is cute, but no, I really no, I love it. I've been you don't see my hair.  This looks super cute.  I actually really do it like this. I'm just I'm just messing with you I actually really think it's cute and the more I'm looking at you. I actually think it's growing on me Really? Yeah, kind of like a bush how it grows on you. Okay. No, I don't know for For real though. I actually really like it. Do you not like it because it's like a dark green No, I just don't think it's the cutest I think it's hot actually. No, look at you like look at me. You look good. She actually rocks this I'm not even kidding.  I'm gonna rate this like I don't I read this a seven out of ten I'll give you that. I mean, that's it. Maybe six and a half. I'll see you guys I just realized I found the fuzzies for the one outfit. Oh, of course you didn't look through the back I didn't give it a redo. Do you I don't know should I I feel like you should I because we saw it without the foot Like we saw it not complete. Okay, so before the finale, that's like wearing this without the belt Yeah, let me re put that back on and then you can really read it All right, go go because we need to see it with everything together I'm gonna say seven out of ten. Yes, no Babe, I'm telling you if you look good in it I feel like the outfit as a whole might be five, but you in the outfit is a seven last but not least I'm ready. I've been waiting. All right. I really have my hopes up for this one though So I really hope I really hope this last one hits a home or a grand slam All right. Well, you can just open it and see if it hit the grand slam. All right. Oh My oh my gosh, bro, what is this? Oh, that's not that's not leather. That's like string dude. That looks like Yo, someone called a fire department cuz we got a cool this girl down Dude, I love it. I actually really really really like it. You need this is it has a hood Yeah, what did I say about that other one? I said I like the hood and the fact that this looks 10 times better than the Yo, I'm telling you. This is like some lingerie Mrs. Claus with a little bit of like I feel like the hood makes it more like I can't read you You know what I mean? Like the hood it makes you seem mysterious Dude, this is hands down my favorite I don't want to see any others. Oh wait y'all might be confused Why we didn't show that other one?   I tried fixing it. I'm sorry It looks good I thought some of it was gone. So I went to move it and it ripped off Yeah, hey, no, baby. You look beautiful. Thank you. Merry Christmas to me. I don't even want gifts I just want you to wear this for the Christmas all right and Christmas And the whole month before Christmas It's like I'm not trying to get pink Enjoy today's video. I feel like this was super fun. I love doing these types of videos I love getting a hug. These are my favorite because I just get to look at my beautiful Whoa, whoa, wait, wait, wait Guys should we wait no, no, I don't know I could go online and get some men's Christmas office. Honestly, we can. That'd be not bad idea But the thing is I don't rock them like you. I don't look good in Stuff you don't know that you don't know that I have never tried it To maybe in the future maybe in the future comment down below Which one you thought was your favorite for the five outfits that Mariah wore just so y'all are Certain which one's my favorite this one right here hands down Any other or which one the other one all the nine out to the first one that first one was so simple One with the curset top the one that kind of like a Halloween costume that one's cute But I still I think the first one beats that one really yeah Because the first one was just like so like it was simple But it was like sexy this one though is like a combination of all of the good parts of every other one So I'm glad that you say this to the end. You know the red. I know how sick that is So nice. Oh my gosh if you need a lint roller though But you guys I hope you enjoyed today's video and we will see you guys in the next one But until then peace love you guys


So I want to thank you for being here at the Hall of Glory. Thank you very much for being here today. Also, with team supporting and team also on your team, you all are up to help. Thanks for having me. Thanks for being here today. Thank you. And we'll talk about the team, and some of the tasks, and thanks for watching. See you soon. Thank you so much.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to User Education. So today we will solve problems which I would classify as logical problems. So this is the lecture number five in this department of logic. Now, this is part of the course called Maths Plus and Problems presented in Unisor.com. Well, this is a continuation of the main theoretical course which is called Maths for Teens. On the same website. Well, there are other courses as well like Physics for Teens and Relativity for all, etc. So basically my purpose was, after the theoretical course called Maths for Teens, I wanted to present certain problems which are not exactly like illustration for the theory, but rather to force you to think creatively outside of the box, basically to develop your analytical abilities, logical abilities, creativity, and factors which are really very much needed in real practical life. Obviously, none of the problems which I present here are of any kind of practical sense, well, almost none of them. But again, this is just a gym for your brain. This is exercise for your inner powers. Okay, so after, yeah, I didn't really mention that everything on Unisor.com is totally free. There are no advertisements, no strings attached. You don't even have to sign in if you are just studying alone, just for yourself. If you're supervised in your studying, then we need something like relationship between a supervisor and a student, and then there is need for signing. But again, it's just signing, like name and password, and that's it. Okay, so logical problems. And these logical problems are not really very difficult, but they have some kind of a twist which might be interesting. And what's very important is I will present the problem, but before I start explaining how I would solve it, I would suggest you to pause the video and try to solve it yourself. Alternatively, you can go to the website, and every lecture has a textual part, which is basically like a textbook, where I present the problem, not necessarily with solution. I mean, I'm talking about the problems of this course. So in some cases, I just give a hint in the textual part of this lecture. So it might actually make sense for you before you even start listening to the lecture, go to the website and see what the textual part is. There is a problem, a presented problem, and try to solve it yourself. Maybe there is a hint, use the hint. Sometimes I do present solution as well in the textual part, sometimes not. The solutions are for the lectures actually. All right, so I have five problems, so let's start. The first problem. Okay, imagine, let's say a casino, and casino manager is analyzing how many times people win in roulette. For whatever purposes, management purposes. To extract more money from the people. So let's say that he finds out that M1 number of people during, let's say, a day has won one or more times, and two people has won two or more times during the day, etc. And in more case M people actually equals to M. That's the maximum. Nobody won more than M games during the day. Now, that's what he knows from whatever sources, doesn't really matter. Now what he does want to know is how many times casino lost. Again, absolutely artificial conditions because it's much easier for him to know how many times casino lost, just asking, croupier, whoever. But in any case, it's a logical problem, it's mass, so this is the problem and we have to solve it. So again, M1 people greater than one game and two people greater than two, etc. Now obviously M1 is greater than M2 because among people who won one or more, there are definitely people who won two or more, and M2 is greater than three, etc. And M is the smallest number of people who won the maximum number of games, which is M. How can we solve this problem? So again, pause the video, think about it yourself. Now, before doing this actually, one second, I will give you an answer. The answer is M1 plus M2 plus, etc. Now, when I solved the problem and found that's the result and checked it against the answer in the book actually, I was kind of surprised because it looks like the number of people who are in the group of people who won one or more is basically everybody from this group is contained here, everybody on this group is contained there, etc. So that was kind of a surprising answer for me. Nevertheless, it's true. Okay, now you can pause the video and I will explain the solution. Okay, let's think about it this way. If M1 people won one or more games and two people won two or more games, how many people won just one game? Obviously, there's a difference between these two. These people won one game. Now, let's talk about two people, two games. How many people won just exactly two games? Well, if M2 won two or more and M3 won three or more, so the difference between them is number of people who won two games. So this number of people won't get one game. This won two games. Well, obviously I can continue this. Let's say N minus two minus N minus one won N minus two games. N minus one minus N minus one game. And N people exactly N games as we saw. So this is number of people who won one game. This number of people who won two games exactly. So how many people actually, how many games these won N minus one minus N minus two games. This won N minus two minus N minus three times two because each one won two games, right? This one was N minus two minus N minus one times N minus two games. Then N minus one minus NN N minus one games and plus NN times N. So if we will summarize, this is number of games which were won by people and lost by casino. Okay, so what's the sum of this? All right, look at it this way.  Look at this. This is N two, this is N three, this is N four, etc. And what will be at the end? So everything goes with the previous one. So this is N minus one times N minus two with a minus. This is N minus one times N minus one with a plus. So it will be N minus one.  So it will be NN. So this is exactly NN one and two and three and four and minus one and N exactly like I told you in the very beginning. That's it. Next problem. Next one is easy. So let's talk about chess, chess game. Well, not exactly chess game, but just one particular aspect of the chess game. So there is a rook. Rook goes vertically or horizontally, as we know, right? Now there are eight by eight squares on the chess board. So my question is, how many rooks can you put onto the chess board in such a way that every rook can go left and right or up and down without hitting another rook? Okay, let's say we can put it on diagonal. It would be eight rooks. So obviously each one can go all the way up and down without disturbing each other. Is it a maximum? Yes, it is a maximum, obviously. Because since you have only eight rows, let's say, and obviously you have to have no more than one rook in a row, that's your maximum. So eight is your maximum. So we know how to position eight rooks so they don't disturb each other. They can go freely up and down without hitting anybody else. Obviously this is the maximum. So this is a very simple problem. But I wasn't really presenting this problem for this problem, just for the next problem. Next is a little bit more interesting. But it's the same story with rooks. And right now we are talking about a maximum of eight rooks putting on the board. And my question is, let's numerate the squares on the chess board. One, two, three, eight, nine, ten, etc. 16 and up to 64. So we have 64 squares and every square has a number. Now my question is, what if you position eight rooks exactly as before? I mean, no rook is preventing another rook to go up and down all the way to the edge of the board. My question is, what's the sum of the numbers which are where the rooks are positioned? Well, in this particular case if we have diagonals, diagonals have number, what, one? Then next one will be, this is nine, so this is ten. And I always add nine, right? So 19, 28, etc. So if you summarize them somehow, you will get some kind of a number. Okay. Now, we can position rooks different. For instance, we can position along this diagonal. Or we can position it somehow this way. In some order, whatever the order we can put in, in such a way that they do not really prevent each other from movement, we can position them. And obviously we can calculate the sum of the numbers. What is the sum of the numbers? Does it depend on how we position our rooks or not? Well, think about this. Pause the video. And I will tell the result of this. Well, the result of this is that the sum will be always the same. Again, kind of unusual answer. You position it differently, but the sum of the numbers will be the same. So let's calculate this number. Okay, here's how we can calculate it. Now, we have eight rooks. So we will have row number and column number. Row number and column number of every rook. So I put index i. Where i is equal to 1, 2, etc., 8. Okay, so we have this. Now, what is the number associated with the square which has coordinates r i and c i? Well, that's kind of easy thing because obviously it's r i minus 1 times 8 plus c i. If the row is equal to 1 and column equals to 1, so it will be 1 minus 1, which is 0 times 8 plus 1. Let's say we have the very last one, 8, 8. So what we will have? 8 minus 1 times 8 plus 8, which is 5664, obviously. So this is the right number. Something like this number. This is the last row is equal to 8 and column is equal to 1. Now, this is 64. This is 57, right? So let's try if r is equal to 8 and c is equal to 1, 56 plus 1, 57. Yes, that's the correct word, though. And obviously the number of row minus 1 should be multiplied by 8, the number of elements in a row, and then plus the column number. So that's fine. Okay, formula we have. Now, let's summarize r i minus 1 times 8 plus c i from 1 to 8. So what we will have? Well, we will have 8 times sum of r i minus 1 plus sum of c i. Now, let's think about it. From the previous problem, we know that every rook has its own row and no two rooks are supposed to be in the same row because otherwise they would disturb each other in their movement. Same thing with column. No rooks should be in the same column. So all the c's must be different. Now, what are the c's value? It's 1 or 2 or 3, etc., or 8. Now, they're all different. They might be from 1 to 8. So this sum is basically independent. It's basically sum of 1 plus 2 plus, etc., plus 8, whatever it is. Now, this is exactly the same. All r i's are supposed to be unique because no two rooks are supposed to be in the same row, which means when you resummarize it, it will be... Well, r i is from 0 to 1, so r i minus 1 is from 0 to 7. So it's 1 plus 0 plus 1 plus, etc., plus 7. So that would be times 8 plus this. And if you will calculate, it will be 260. So again, no matter what's the order of r i's and c i's, they must be different, which means that r i minus 1 should be from 0 to 7. All the different values. In maybe different order, but the sum would be exactly the same. All right, so that's it. Next problem. By the way, this was also kind of unexpected result that no matter how we put all these rooks, the sum would be the same. Okay, now another kind of strange result. You have two cups. One is coffee, another is milk. Absolutely the same cups and the same amount of liquid in both cups. Then what we do is we take a spoon, take the spoon of milk, put it into the coffee, stir it and then take whatever the mixture is and put it back into milk. That's it. Now my question is, where the concentration is greater? Milk in coffee or coffee in milk? Stop the video, pause the video, think about it and I will tell you the result. Well, the concentration would be the same. Now, why is it the same? Well, again, it's logic basically. Think about it this way. Whatever we mix together doesn't really matter. But as a result, the amount of liquid is the same, right? Because we took the spoon here and spoon full back. So the amount remains the same as it was in the beginning. But there is a mixture. But think about it this way. Whatever the amount of milk we took and put into coffee, if the amount of coffee is, I mean amount of mixed coffee and milk is the same, it means exactly the same amount of coffee we put into the milk. So after these two transformations, or maybe it's four, maybe we did it again and again and again, it goes back and forth. The amount in both cups will be the same. The amount of coffee and milk was the same in the very beginning, which means that the amount of coffee and milk should be exactly the same proportion as milk in the coffee. Well, that's your answer. Although in the beginning you think that, okay, we put the pure milk into the coffee, but back into the milk we put the mixture of coffee and milk. So it does seem to be disturbed, the balance. But no, it doesn't disturb, because again, whatever amount of milk is here is exactly the same amount of coffee is there because the level remains the same. Okay, okay. And my last problem. Let's say you have a table, rows, columns, whatever. Now, there are numbers in this table. Some numbers. But what's known is that every number, let's say this one, is a arithmetic average of its neighbors, where it actually shares the border. So we don't have diagonals. No, just up and down or left and right. Now, if you have this, for example, number, that's average of this and this. And if you have, let's say, this number, it's average of these, these and these, these are neighbors. So every number is average of its neighbors. Now, proof that all the numbers must be the same in this table. Otherwise, you cannot really have this thing really arranged in such a way that every number is the average of its neighbors, where it shows the border. Okay, how can we prove it? Again, pause the video and think about it. It's actually very simple. Now, we are talking about table with certain finite number of numbers, which means there is a maximum number. We can start with the minimum or maximum. It doesn't really matter. Let's start with the maximum number. So whatever the maximum number is, it doesn't really matter whether it's in the corner or in the border or in the center of the board. If it's average of its neighbors, but this is the maximum number, how can maximum number be the average of its neighbors? Only in one particular case, if they are all equal to this maximum number. Because whenever you have any number 5, if it's an average of two different numbers, let's say 2 and 8, either one should be less than the other should be greater, or they are both the same. But this is the maximum. That's what we started with maximum, so we cannot have something like this, which means only this case remains. And it doesn't matter whether it's only 2. If it's only the corner of, or if it's 3, let's say 5, you have 3, 2, and what? We have to have 15, right? So it's 10. Same thing. This is average of these 3 numbers. 3 plus 2 plus 10 is 15 divided by 3 is 5. Correct? But if this is maximum, we cannot have this case. So if the maximum number, which is greater than everything else, or equal to everything else, is average of its neighbors, neighbors must be equal. Okay, so if this is the maximum, let's say this is, then its neighbors must be the same. Now, we can start repeating this thing again and again and again.  To all directions, it must be the same. And gradually we will fill up the whole table. We will prove that basically all the numbers in this table are exactly the same as the one we started with. So if we start with minimum, it would be exactly the same thing. Which means if we start with minimum, and this is minimum, there is nothing less than this minimum, which means the neighbors must be equal to this number. And then we go again and again and again. All right, so these are all the problems I wanted to present to you today. I would suggest you to read the notes for this lecture, go to unizord.com, go to course called Mass Plus and Problems. And there is a logic section, and this is number O5. You will see it and read the notes for this lecture. All the problems are presented there. I'm not sure I present... I don't think I presented the solutions, but I do have some hints in there. So I would suggest you just to repeat the same thing, use the hints and come up with your own decision, solution, analysis, whatever, logic. Okay, that's it for today. Thank you very much and good luck.


Now, Desiree, would you please share with us what were the things that you struggled in life and how your life was before you received Jesus Christ? Well, I was using drugs at an early age, at 12, and basically from 12 to last year, that it was like non-stop, and it was just, I struggled with that addiction. And so in 2016, I came from Texas to Washington, and so it was like, you know, cocaine, marijuana, pills, and when I came here, it switched up to meth and psychedelics. So it was like a mixture of everything and liquor, like I would drink like two bottles of liquor every single day.  I wouldn't go out, I wouldn't even, you know, walk, exercise, none of that stuff. So basically I struggled with that, and that was like just the main thing, drugs. I know that you said that you have two children, that you had to send the way back to Texas for grandparents to take care of them, right? Because you could not take care of your children. Yes, so they came with me in 2016, and they were with me for about two months, and then I sent them back to Texas.  So they went to Texas, and well, that's why I decided to make that change for them.  Praise God. Would you please also touch on a subject, how you got involved during your last two years of doing drugs here in Chai cities? You got involved into the witchcraft, and how that affected your life as well? Well, it was just, I had so much time. So I was searching on, you know, the Google App Store, and there's these apps where you can channel spirit boxes. So I channeled, I think it was a Spain spirit box. So it's like three different channels, and it's a whole bunch of static, and once it catches something, or an entity, or something demonic, it will, you'll hear it.  So when I would wake up, it was like, I was already, I already knew that they were in my home, I already knew that I had opened a portal. So I started looking for more, I started just, you know, lighting incense, and a whole bunch of like demonic stuff that I had played around with. So it wasn't such a good idea to do that. So it even got to the point of the blood that you had to go through the like kind of a blood stuff. And how did this affect you personally on a daily basis, dumbling into this occultic stuff? Well, I started like, just without even the headphones, I was having a battle in my mind, like with it, it was like just everything that I would do, like if I would, if I would go out somewhere, it was like, I would hear them like, you know, like just talking to me and stuff like that. And it was just like I couldn't be anywhere out in public because or I had an ice, it was, I guess, to isolate me more. That's, I guess that was like what it was. Oh, yeah. Also, it came to the point where I was like physically tormented, like I could feel them like scratching me. I could feel them like, like if they were just like literally attacking me and I would have like panic attacks. And I would literally see scratches on myself and yeah, it was bad. That is crazy. So with all this going on with you, how did you come about the church and what caused you to look for God and what happened when you came to church? Well, it came to the point where it was like, okay, so every day you're using drugs and it's like, okay, so at first it could be cool. It could be like, okay, yeah, well, you know, yeah, you turn on some music and you're jamming out. But then it comes to the point where it's like, you can't even, you can't even do the drug without like going through torment. So it was like, I can't do this anymore. I can't, I'm going crazy in my mind. I'm not going to end up in a psychiatric hospital. So I came, I came over here to Hungry Jen and this was in August 2018.  Yeah, I searched it up on Google. So I searched it up and then I came here. And so the first day I came here, I accepted Christ in my heart. And then after that, I got baptized.  The Lord touched her on the first service. And I want you to hear what happened afterwards with her life and tell us all what happened. What is the difference that you see now in your life? Well, so I had been jobless since like 2016. And I guess like when you accept Christ in your heart, you have to like take a step forward. Like you have to do something to make that change. You can't just, you know, like, oh, I accept the Christ. Okay, let the good things come. No, you have to actually take that step and just change the way you think. Like you can't think like, okay, well, I'm limited to everything. I can't do this. You're able to. I started going to school now. I'm almost done in October for medical assistant. And come on, you guys, tell us, have you used, are you still using drugs? Have you used it? Do you have any cravings? And yeah, no, I don't, I think of drugs is now like, well, either you're either you're with God or you're with the enemy. You can't, you can't have one foot here and then one foot under. Yeah. And plus I've spent too much money on drugs, too much money on drugs. So I was in this Greyhound accident in 2010, and I got a settlement of $50,000. I spent all that money on drugs.  Yeah, I feel better. Life is better. You feel alive. You don't, you don't need to feel like, oh, well, I need this to feel better. Yeah. It's, I mean, just with Christ alone, you're praise God. Come on. Let's put our hands together for Jesus. I want you to guys know one thing. It's good that God set her free from so many years of doing drugs. Like she was 12 when she started doing drugs up to 25 years of age up to 25 years of age. And that's a big addiction right there. And Jesus Christ just broke that addiction. But the main point is that she received salvation of her soul from going to hell with being with Jesus Christ forever. And that's the main point in Jesus' name. Amen. Come on. Let's put our hands together one more time for Jesus. We're just so, so happy for you. We just rejoice and just blown away every time people share their stories. Would you please share a word of advice to people who might have not given their lives to Jesus Christ yet? And maybe they're struggling with drug addiction or whatever it is. What would you tell them? Don't don't be afraid to see Christ.  And just trust God and just like trusting yourself and just make that change. Like take that step. But don't be afraid to reach out. Amen. Thank you so much, Desiree. We thank you. Thank you for watching this content. I know this was a blessing to you. We would like to ask you to subscribe to our channel and click on the bell on our channel so that each time we upload something, you can be notified. Don't forget to share this content with your friends and family and on social media. We're so thankful to you. Better is not good enough. The best is yet to come.


Hi, I'm Dr. Lori Leslie. I'm a lymphoma attending at the John Thurr Cancer Center in Hackensack, New Jersey, where I run the Indolent Lymphoma and CL research programs. I focus on all types of lymphoma, Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and CLL. I feel lucky to be able to specialize only in lymphoma, because there's about 100 different types of lymphoma on the most recent classification. So I decided to go into medicine based on an interest in cancer research, and that's maintained today. That's what drives me here every day. It's caring for the patients and seeing all of this research and scientific advancements leading to outcomes where you can make people feel better, in some cases, get rid of their cancer. I still think about one of the first patients I cared for when I came to the John Thurr Cancer Center.  And six years later, he's walked two daughters down the aisle for their wedding, has at least four, I think, soon to be five grandchildren. And every time we see each other, I don't know who's happier to see the other person. So I am from New Jersey. I traveled all around to do my training. And I'm passionate to come back home to my home state to provide cancer care to my community. I love what I do. I love the research. I love taking care of the patients. And I'm glad that I'm doing it here in Hackensack.


Now, at this stage, let me quickly go through the next part, although it is called properties of fluid, it is essentially introduction to steam tables and Wanderwald's gases. I will not spend time on this because this is one part I think for which you are perfectly on your home grounds because most of you have taught not only thermodynamics but I am sure you have taught energy conversion, steam power plants and so on. So, you would have used the steam tables the way a good high school science student uses locked tables. So, one exercise I would like you to do is the following. I had asked you to have with you the steam tables which you use in your institute. I hope you have them with you. I have given you, I think all of you will have a copy of this steam table now. So, just spend some time not immediately but say today evening comparing the two, not value for value that is not an issue, the values will be slightly different. But check for whether what is the range of pressures temperature explored in this steam table, what is the range of pressure temperature explored in that table. You will find that in this table the compressed liquid state or the subcooled liquid state is not very nicely presented. If you come to table 3, superheated steam table say come to page 11, you will notice that there are blanks for the 50 degree C and 100 degree C columns. These blanks exist because if you say you take 100 degree C and 1.5 bar. We know that at 100 degree C and 1.5 bar the steam will not be superheated, it will be subcooled water or compressed water. If you look at it from the pressure point of view at 1.5 bar the saturation temperature is 111.4 Celsius. So, at 100 degree C it will be subcooled water or if you look at 50 degree C, at 50 degree C the saturation temperature if you look up is 0.1235 bar, so at 1.5 bar it is compressed liquid or subcooled liquid. They could have tabulated those properties here, there are other tables where those are tabulated but here they are not tabulated. When you come to page 18, you have the tabulation in a different format and in a very crude tabulation, compressed liquid water and you have 6 blocks at different pressures of 50 bar, 100 bar up to 500 bar and in each block the 4 properties V, U, H and S are tabulated as a function of temperature. Then you will see there are blanks at the bottom where it will not be compressed liquid but it will be superheated. See in what way your table is different and if you have any issues with your table or this table we will discuss that. I am not claiming this is a dirt table to use but we find that it is a most convenient table to use. How many of you use this table at your institute? Are there earlier participants or coordinators here? I think that was done right. So shall we follow the same model this time? Because while solving problems everybody is at a uniform thing okay and if a few of you who compare this and find out that you are steam table different from this is better than this in some significant aspect. Do let me know tomorrow because we are open for replacing this by something else provided it is definitely better in some aspects right. See UFG is just an additional information you know in I tell my students that look U and H need not be given together they are given for convenience.  Now we have some 5 minutes for so I assume that 8 is done and along with 8 properties of fluids the first law part 2 that is page 5, page 6, page 7 these are recommended exercises not to be done immediately today evening but you should confidently be able to solve all these exercises before the main thing starts okay. And with each other and get that thing done.


President Bola Tinambu has arrived in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, for the 63rd Ordinary Session of the Authorities of Heads of State and Government of the Economy Community of West African State. Tinambu's media aid delayed a lack of inner statement on Saturday, said the President's aircraft touched down at the International Airport in Bissau at exactly 5.30pm local time. The President is also said to have visited the Nigerian contingent stationed in the country under the Aircraft Stabilization Force. While in Guinea-Bissau, the Nigerian leader is scheduled to hold bilateral meetings and have other engagements on the sidelines of the summit. We are sorry of our commitment to peace and democracy across not only in West Africa and South Africa, but around the world. We will continue to build a vital force. We are very proud of you, and we will not abandon you at any given time. Now you are the person of you. Now you are the person of the world, that you are responsible and you are focused.


Welcome to the Thargoid Report, I'm Commander Burr. If you find this information useful then consider subscribing to the channel and remember to turn on notifications to make sure you see all our future videos. After the sudden and surprise attacks last week left six stations ablaze, the galactic community leapt into action and the incursions were cleared in around 50 hours. That's a magnificent effort but it seems the bugs are not done with us yet. In case you're new to the game, here's a quick and dirty overview of how things with the Thargoids generally go. The eagle-eye sensor network usually starts providing intel on what systems have been targeted by the Thargoids on Thursdays, rather conveniently the aggressive alien menace is quite regular and predictable with their war efforts. The targeted systems are then in a state of infestation and will be awash with non-human signal sources full of Thargoids of varying strengths, most of them hyper-aggressive scout class craft. If enough of these signal sources can be cleared of Thargoids then the system will remain safe, if not, then the following Thursday the system will enter a state of incursion and human held space stations in the system can be left burning in space with a civilian population desperate to be evacuated. The system will also be populated with non-human signal sources full of larger Thargoid interceptor class vessels until enough of the Thargoid threat has been removed from the system it will remain in this state week after week. That's how a normal week unfolds, this has not been a normal week however. The attacks last week had no infestation state before them and initially the eagle-eye network wasn't reporting any infestations. That changed however midway through the week and with not enough time to make a significant dent in the infestations that were being reported there were significant and legitimate concerns that all of the six targeted systems would fall to the Thargoid advance this week, however when the Thargoid tick happened on Thursday there were no new incursion states. It's possible the goids may be waiting for everyone to be back on an even keel following this week's patch which is very decent of them. Whatever the reason we have a small reprieve this week, there are now new infestations being reported but there are no new incursions or burning stations. So with all that said here's what you can do right now to get involved. The eagle-eye sensor network is reporting Thargoid infestations in the following systems The scout class vessels are easily destroyed by the base level AX weaponry that requires no unlocking. They also count as elite ranked ships and so this is an excellent way to level up your combat rank. Be sure to have access to decontamination limpets however as they do deal significant caustic damage when they pop. If you are going up against Thargoids it's always advisable to go with support and you'll find a link to the discord for the anti-xeno initiative a huge community dedicated entirely to tackling the Thargoid threat in the description below. As well as tackling Thargoids head on the AXI will provide guidance and tutorials on how to tackle Thargoids and what kit you'll need to bring to the fight. There is no higher authority. Wherever you go commanders remember pick your fights with care. As I've mentioned there are no new incursions and no stations on fire to better be prepared for that future eventuality however you can join the discord for the post-disaster evacuation service. The PDES is an entire community dedicated to running evacuation and search and rescue operations from the burning stations. They'll help you wing up with other commanders on the same mission and help keep community relief efforts focused. And finally Operation Ida continue to run freight to stations previously knocked out by Thargoid incursion. Those guys will always find a use for your cargo hold and their discord server is also linked below. All the targets I've listed this week have been placed in priority order with the assistance of the guys at the AXI. To get the latest updated information on the Thargoid advance you can also check out the reddit post maintained by commander Mgram of the AXI which again is linked below. Thanks for watching if you found this video useful consider subscribing to the channel and remember to turn on notifications to make sure you see all our future content. That's it for now we'll be back later this week with more videos until then O7 commanders may all your hyperdictions be brief and don't let the laser lettuce give you nightmares. We very much look forward to seeing you next time.


I love my wife Just not here, please. Yeah, I love her everywhere. No, dude.  We just did two intros. Did we yeah?  They got some but it's not a good one water metro. I'm guessing Transportation on the water. Yeah I'm guessing it would be in a state like I don't know Kerala or one of the ones that has so many one with water Oh, how'd you do that? You know, you don't think it would be somewhere like right in the middle of the country. I'm not a back. Wow no reason.   That's true lot of water wow my goodness I Told you Where's this located? Wait seems small at a mouth. It looks like Kerala to me I'll check the state after this That you're thinking what I'm thinking global warming. Yeah Sure, they're taking into consideration climate change That's great. Do you guys what you got man? Absolutely harmful toxins into the water. Yep in the air a Beautiful state seriously. It looks like a lot of the footage is the concept videos together. Yeah That's wonderful. Oh soon, huh? That's pretty fast And that's really cool that last that last screen they showed where whether it's the boats or if you're biking or it's Pontooning that there's gonna be one Transit card to get you through all of the different bays and docks and gates You have to get through so that you don't have to have a different system if you're on a bike versus you're on a pontoon versus you're on the bigger boats Really really really cool. Where's Gucci? What's state coaching? Do we know it's date? It's yeah, I thought that's what Corbin was guessing looked like it came up with it And it didn't it didn't say anything in there obviously, but well because there's a coachy corporation Yeah, of course Google's gonna yeah Yeah, just the vibe of it down like lots of Kerala by the south the very southern tip Yeah, that's just all the waterways. I'd be interested to know what they've done with projections in terms of Rise they said obviously because you have natural rise and falls of tide seasonally and with storms But there's gonna be tidal rise over the next several years with climate change And I'm sure we're taking that into consideration Kerala's just like I Been gall right there. Yeah, I've been hit heavily with Title change the height. Yep. Hi Rising sea levels. Yes I couldn't think of the word And just like Florida who doesn't care and other places like that in New Orleans. That's below sea level I'm sure they're below sea level. Yeah, obviously, and I wonder if they have they probably do because like they do this also in in Venice where they have Where places are at or below sea level. They have Levies that keep the water out and they pump it into different areas so that no matter what goes on with the sea level Those areas can remain dry unless it's a catastrophic event like our cyclone or something.  Yeah, we talked about that and Kerala is first on the list Just looks so so pretty yep Probably but I think I wanted to obviously take a train maybe from Mumbai You go to Goa and Goa you go down into Kerala, which I think that that makes sense, right? Yeah, it does That's the correct Trajectory across the terrain. That's pretty far though.  I know right? We did not see no anyways Let's know more informational videos like this and if you actually have any updates on look at this At least part of it's gonna be operational by is it going to be operational for those of you who are living in that region Actually true. Yeah lying to us in a video. Yeah, wouldn't be the first time. That's true Yeah, this isn't happening guys. They pulled the plug on this thing about six months ago Let us know if that's actually true down below


So, welcome to our virtual KubeCon 2021 presentation. Thank you for coming. Well, thank you for watching online, as I should say. We're going to talk to you today about the CNCF Research User Group, who we are, what the group goals are, who comprises the group, some highlights from recent sessions we've had, and also a survey of our constituents. Next slide, please. So, yeah, the group is run by myself and Ricardo. I'm Jamie Poole. I'm an engineering manager at CG Research. I manage a team called Compute Platform Engineering. We're responsible for all of our Kubernetes Estate button cloud-native technologies at GR. Ricardo? Yeah, so my name is Ricardo Rocha. I work at CERN as a computing engineer in the CERN Cloud team. I focus mostly on containerized deployments, networking, and more recently, accelerators and machine learning as well. So, we've been using Kubernetes for quite a while now. So, and we engaged in this group. When the idea came, I think it was KubeCon Barcelona in 2019, I guess, early 2019. So, yeah, it's been a pleasure to work with Jamie as well and everyone else. Cool. So, we'll talk quickly about the goals of the group here. So, as Ricardo says, I think we put the group together at the beginning of 2019. I feel it could have even been earlier than that, but it was definitely the KubeCon in Barcelona. There was a bunch of people who came from different research institutes who wanted to use cloud-native tech and wanted to solve the same kinds of problems. So, we sort of came together, I think actually over lunch. And then from there, it sort of became a proper CNCF group. And yeah, basically we want to just bring together people from different research institutions who want to solve the same common problems using cloud-native tech and really build a sort of research focus community who know how to deal with the same sorts of things that we will have to deal with, maybe slightly different from your traditional cloud-native technologists, I suppose. We ran a poll. In fact, no, this wasn't the poll, was it? This is actually from our weekly, bi-weekly, sorry, meetings. We keep track record of who attends and who speaks. And this was the results based on, I think, a notebook that Ricardo put together, which he's going to show you the gory details of in a minute. But you can see we've got quite a wide spread of institutions from around the world. So, I'm from G Research, so I often get a lot of us to come along. That's why our name is so big and central in there. So, a big constituent part as well, always present. But yeah, quite a wide range here of different people from different universities, private, public institutions from all around the world actually, literally from the, all the way from the UK to Australia and back again. So yeah, really great group of people to get together. Yeah. And it's even good to see, like, not only individual institutions, but in some cases we see, well, I work on the physics side. So we see institutions like NFN, which are actually very large groups of different places in Italy or EGI Foundation, which is driving the grid infrastructure in Europe. So yeah, it's been quite a nice set of diverse groups. And as Jamie said, I guess, because this is a research user group and well, we do a lot of data analysis or at least the users of the services we provide do a lot of data analysis. So I thought it would be fun just to collect all the attendees from the agenda page and do a quick analysis on the list. So two very silly ones in addition to the world cloud that we just saw. We got 65 unique attendees over the last 10 meetings. So it's not like the whole lifetime of the group, but just the last 10 meetings, which is quite good. We had some sessions, I think, with over 30 people. So it's been reactive. And then also the different institutions, we have 34 different institutions participating. So it's been very, very active. And if you're interested, I put here the link to the notebook as well. Yeah, so highlights here from the recent sessions we've had. The structure of the group at the moment is we meet on the first Wednesday and third Wednesday of every month currently 4 p.m. UTC. You want to go try with times that's changing. The structure typically is we just do intros. Anyone who hasn't come to the group before does a little intros of themselves and says hello to the group and we sort of greet them. Then ahead of time, we've decided on a particular topic we want to talk about that session. We'll have a speaker who typically presents the chosen topic for 15, 20 minutes, normally some kind of presentation, normally a little bit interactive if possible. Got a screenshot here of Jeremy from Oak Ridge talking about their really cool work they've done recently on POSIX integrations. Yeah, then Q&A for 10 or 15 minutes and then a bit of wrap up, talk about the topics we want to do for next time and then move on. We record all the sessions. They're all available on the GitHub page. I think actually shout out to Cheryl Hung as well who organizes it for us. She's in fact going to livestream the next one on YouTube and we're going to try that out for a bit, see how that goes. That should be really interesting. In terms of the recent topics, they've been quite diverse. Obviously all research focused. Things that our members are interested in. Mauro from G Research did a really interesting talk on OODC a couple of weeks back. I think Ricardo, you put together the notebooks one that was very well attended, lots of interest there. Do you want to cover that? I think three different institutions showing how they are providing notebooks on Kubernetes. Things like Tube to Hub or Binder or in some cases using tools and frameworks like Dask for Python. That one was a pretty good one and actually triggered some follow-ups between the people that showed interest in those and we started collaborating on creating a recipe. We'll talk a bit more about that one as well. There's a couple of other ones. I would also do the shout out to Cheryl.  Also Bob that actually founded the group at the start. In terms of topics, I would also highlight two that are very close to our needs as well. The first one would be a rootless Kubernetes and this is very important for all those institutions running HPC clusters where you want to make use of some of the cloud native tooling but you don't actually have root access to the nodes so you need to deploy things in a different way. So it's quite important that all the components not only Kubernetes but Continuity and all the rest of the stack supports rootless mode. And then the other one is image distribution because we typically do very large submissions of workloads and being able to start these jobs quite fast is very important and also maybe it's the case for everyone. Researchers are not necessarily very good at layering their images so we often end up with very large images. So we had a really nice presentation from Akihiro Suda for rootless and also from Ktalk from NTT as well talking about the Continuity Snapshot and the StarGZ support. So these are really, I recommend that if you're interested in these topics it's a nice way to start to just watch the videos from the sessions. They're all available in the agenda page. Do you want to pick up, Jamie? Yeah, so we were thinking about what to do for this talk and how best to sort of convey what the group's all about and what our interests and pain points and domains are. So sort of use the technique which you used in the past which is actually really effective which is just to put a survey together with some pointed questions about what the institutions do and what their main challenges are. Send that out and thank you to everyone who did reply who's already in the user group. And in the next few slides we're just going to go through some of the results which are quite interesting actually I think and some of the answers a little bit counterintuitive to what even we might have thought we would get back from the group. So yeah, some quite interesting data here. Yeah, and we'll keep the survey open so it's still time for everyone to jump in and then we can do an update later as well. But yeah, we can start just with an overview of the institutions that already replied. So we can see quite a span of different areas already in the names. There's a couple of cases where there's more than one reply. I know for example for CERN this happens we actually have different groups at CERN that focus on different areas. And yeah, everyone got the notification so we ended up having more than one person reply and I guess for all creatures, a similar situation. Can I go, Jamie? Yeah, so no surprises here I suppose the bulk of it is sort of non-private sector anyway. I think private sector was just represented by me in the feedback that we've got a lot of academia, a lot of government, a lot of nonprofits when you add it all together. So yeah, it's sort of I guess not particularly surprising in the sense that that's the way a lot of bulk of the research happens in the world. I expect there's a lot more private sector out there that aren't represented in our group. So these are definitely some people I'd be keen to sort of reach out to with this presentation and try and encourage to join the group as well to give their views as well. Yeah, I think there's quite a... The research use case is like... At least for someone who often associates them with research laboratories and academia but actually there's a lot happening in private sector with similar requirements. Yeah, this one was just to have an idea of the size of the institutions so we have I think probably one answer over 10,000 people. Most cases are between 100 and 1,000 so it's still pretty large. Yeah, and quite a few between 1,000 and 10,000 as well. So yeah, we're talking pretty large scale requirements here. Here we've got the different areas of research which people primarily support. So quite strong showing from physics, bioinformatics and generic research platforms. I guess there's potentially a little bit of murkiness as to what's going on in there. But yeah, the bulk of it I would say is sort of science and scientific research I would say from this feedback. Yeah, internet tool also for more education. It's quite interesting. And astronomy, there's one community that hasn't been very present which is from the specifically the SKA but actually from astronomy we have quite active members from ALMA from the observatory in Chile. I think we should get them to do a talk at some point even to show off their nice telescopes. That would be very cool actually to see what those are up to. Or just to organize a meeting in the middle of the desert in Atacama. Yeah, I completely agree. Okay, so this is really good to see. Very, very clear that the vast majority of the group are already using Kubernetes use in production. So this is a group of people who do really understand the platform and are really using it for value add and getting something out of it. This is not just a sort of collection of people who are hobbyists or trying it out for the first time. This is really sort of proper production use at scale. Certainly I know a big scale users and so we actually saw very large amounts of compute growing on Kubernetes in production. However, that being said, there are some groups here who are sort of just starting out and just learning. So it's also a good way for people to get in and learn more about the platform. See what it can do for you. Yeah, it's even more surprising because, yeah, we'll see also in the next answers, but there is a kind of a learning curve to getting to Kubernetes, both on the infrastructure and the usage. So it's quite nice to see that so many people are really using it in production for research as well. And then, yeah, the other question we asked was which kind of infrastructure is being used. So I'm actually quite surprised that there is such a high percentage of on-premise deployments, but I guess it's quite specific for this community because we have large data and large-scale deployment requirements. So I guess people already have this infrastructure on-premises and they just converted to use Kubernetes and Cloud Native. But I guess for industry, this plot might look quite a bit different, more tendency to public cloud only in some cases. Yeah, I think you're right. I think certainly for the sorts of institutions that we tend to deal with, these have been sort of large-scale HPC research shots for a long time, long before Cloud Native tech existed, I suppose, so you probably already own large data centers and amounts of hardware. So, yeah, certainly for us as well, it's a case of how we use that in a Cloud Native way without necessarily jumping straight into public cloud. Yeah, and the follow-up to this would maybe, to this survey would be to understand better the requirements for hybrid deployments as well because I know in our case, we are looking to extend the on-premises resources and try to fish for things that we don't have too many, like GPUs and accelerators. So it would be nice to understand not only why, but also how people are doing this. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, we're just looking at the why people are, picking up Kubernetes and using these Cloud Native tools. I think it's kind of interesting. A lot of this, saying the latest last as well, I think is really, we're just sort of highlighting the benefits of Kubernetes, but really showing that you can actually make use of those benefits in a research setting. So you can imagine in research institutions, things like reproducibility and fast iteration are super important because you need to be able to rely on your data. So that's why certainly for us, I think, things like tools like Kubernetes really, really pay off. Yeah, definitely. I think it's pretty clear, like eight out of 12 talk about reproducibility. So that's a big one. It's a matchless, but multi-cluster, which is kind of interesting. So that's something that's worth following up as well. And then this one surprised me at least, that so many, so many deployments or half of the deployments actually more if we count the next, actually provide direct access to the clusters, to the end users. But it's nice to see. Yeah, it is a big move forward to do this. But yeah, traditionally, at least in our deployments, we already have systems on top that will do the higher level, expose the services to the users in a higher level way, not really necessarily the Kubernetes API, but we do have some services like this as well. I don't know if that's your case as well. Yeah, we definitely have a mixture. Our researchers don't necessarily directly access Kubernetes all the time. They have a bunch of tools to do so, but then there is a sort of mixture because then they do to sort of look at the gaps of it and see what's going on. So I think it's good to be able to trust people to do that and to be able to set it up so that they can easily with a little bit of education, I suppose, of how the platform works. Because I think, again, we said it before, we'll come to it, but it is quite a complex platform and allowing people direct access also implies that they need to understand a sort of baseline level of what's going on. So maybe some interesting topics. We already covered OIDC, but going deeper into how people are using our back and things like the Open Policy Agent might be things to follow up as well. So here we just, I guess, threw out a bit of a list of popular cloud-native projects which are relevant in the community today to see what the sort of spread was of people across our group using these things, and no surprise Kubernetes out front, almost 100%. A lot of Prometheus, pretty standard, I suppose, of collecting metrics and looking at your data. I noted that service mesh was particularly low here. Chatham Trikala just before this, I think probably actually in a research setting that's not maybe that surprising. It's less about services and more about batch and HPC and that kind of thing. But yeah, a good spread of these different tools. I'm also very interested. One from the 12 responses is not using Kubernetes, which is kind of curious here. The other two that are interesting as well is Ardo. I guess it's gaining quite a lot of popularity also for managing workflows. So that's an interesting one. I know tools like Kubeflow also rely on it and there's others. Yeah, I see these come up a few times as a topic to talk about as well, to see how people are managing their states because there's lots of different models. Even me and you do things differently. You tend to provision clusters for people to then use and they own them. Whereas we do the more managed approach, but both approaches you need quite good reliable CICDs. So yeah, it's very interesting stuff. Cool. Then what types of workloads? I guess this is, it's pretty amazing that 10 out of 12 are doing Chukta Hub and interactive analysis type. I guess the popularity of these sessions in this specific session in the group kind of also showed this. And second is batch. So I guess these are clearly the two top things that the members of the group are focusing on. Yeah. It's kind of surprising the amount of people doing databases and Kubernetes, but I guess, yeah, why not. It will come more and more, I'm sure. I don't think, I mean, we've started this, and we're not doing databases in production yet, but I think over time and sort of consistent storage tech gets more and more reliable in this space. People run more stable services. I don't see one. The one curious, one thing that we've been trying to do is offload our central services, especially for the storage side and provide in cluster storage in addition to the persistent centralized storage in a way to have, for example, if you're running large workflows to kind of have offload the temporary storage from the central services. This is something we are looking at as well. Yeah, and then we get to the two main, two last answers, and this is kind of the main benefits. Clearly here, there's nothing really that jumps out. It's all pretty similar to the general benefits from Kubernetes. It's a nice list here. I think it's all covered. And then the last one we have is the single main pin point. I don't know if you want to highlight something, Julie. Yeah, I mean, I think the two ones that jumped out for me was the different mental model, steep learning curve along with overall complexity. I think we all know it is quite a complex system. And once you get over that sort of initial learning clip, you can really start to, you know, maximize the benefit from it. But I can see that for people coming on board, it's definitely quite complex and there's a lot going on. There's other points here, which are designed to that around pre-packaged software and integration with other systems. But yeah, it's clear that it's not completely smooth sailing for people, but I guess that's why we come together in these sorts of groups to work out how to make it smooth sailing and becoming these problems. Yeah, the pre-packaged software is quite interesting as well because for most generic tools, it's probably already there. It might just be that we are lacking something on this specific area for research and scientific. And then the other interesting one is actually reproducibility because it was one of the, like, top reasons to rely on Kubernetes and Cloud Native, specified as one of the main points for using Kubernetes. So it's clearly work to be done here still. Yeah, so then the last bit is regarding where we can help the most. So yeah, I think it was, the goals of the group are also shown here. So it's increasing the visibility of research use cases, but then there's some specific things. We saw in the previous answer also this need to help in package catalog and software. And then the other one I would highlight also is this idea to maintain a set of recipes and best practices for use cases we discussed. And so I think this is something that is already happening or starting to happen, but it's true that we haven't had any result yet out of the group for these kind of recipes. Yeah, I think there'll be some real benefit there. That's definitely something that will address some of those pain points. Just having something that researchers can kind of pick up and use without having to do too much thinking. Yeah, when we discussed the Jupyter Hub, actually, there was kind of a lot of commonality, but a few differences also on how people are deploying their workloads. One was also, when you deploy your interactive analysis and then want to offload to an external system, what is that? And there was discussion about how to integrate with things like HDConder. There are other discussions on how to integrate with Kubernetes itself. There were other solutions. So maybe this is something where we should focus on it. Yeah. I think that this is the very last one. Yeah. Just some comments here that people have for suggestions, but generally that's how people are enjoying the group. It's good to see that people appreciate that the group exists. So we're very happy to keep it going and just want to encourage people's collaboration. I think the next slide, just talk about our plans to build on the momentum we have now, collaborate on these recipes and just really engage with other groups as well, try and get people on board and solve some of these problems. So yeah, I think the final slide, if you move on to how to get involved, I think it's probably enough of me and Ricardo talking, but yeah, never look. This is our GitHub page. It's got the details of the Zoom meetup which we do currently first and third Wednesday every month. If you're on CNCF Slack, it's a public group UG research. And yeah, thank you everyone for all your participation over the last couple of years and let's keep it going. Thank you and see you soon. See you soon. And yeah, I think we've got some time for questions now. Thanks.


Hello, everybody. My name is James Guo. I came from H3C. Today, we'll talk about Kingston as an authentication center for Kubernetes and OpenStack. I will talk... I choose to speak in Chinese because I think my PPTA is elutable for guys from other countries. So for guys from other countries, I think you can get much information from my PPTA as I speak in English. For Chinese, I can explain it deeply in Chinese. So I can talk beyond the PPTA. Let's take a look at a basic example. In OpenStack, there will be an organization called Kingston to do user authentication. But when we provide a cloud service, we always provide it with a cloud host, a login number, and a container as a service. At this time, we need a set of user systems, a user system, and a authentication system to provide service. We know Kubernetes is not the only way to do it. We can also use OpenStack, a user system, and a authentication system. I will talk about the same topic today. Let's take a look at the most basic price. We can see that the bottom is an OpenStack Kingston. We will divide it into two groups. Kingston needs to be divided into two groups. We know that Kingston has a strong capacity, but as a product, as a user system, it needs to provide service. There are still some work to be done. There are two solutions to this growth. One is the original Kingston. The other one is that after we divide it into two groups, we need to provide a special interface for our portal. Why do we need to provide a special interface for our portal? This is a price that is separated from the previous one. Our portal, we try to make our portal at the same time on the page, it has only one operation. In fact, if our portal is removed from the Kingston, it may be more important for the portal. In this case, we will divide it into two groups. In the future, our portal will include a portal for our user system and a portal for our service. This is a script, a script that is made through the interface. On the right side, we can see that we have some training services that will be implemented by the NOVA. We also have a service that will be implemented by KBS. The basic application process for a user is, first of all, it has a download action. After it releases a user password, it will be sent to Kingston, and then it will be sent to the Kingston. At this time, it will receive a token. After receiving a token, it will be used by the portal for the service, whether it is a training service or a software service. After the application is done, we don't need to talk about the NOVA. This is a standard process. If it is for Kubernetes, it can send the token to Kingston to the KBS service. We know that the KBS service is not supported by the original KBS. At this time, you need to use the battery token to add a webhook to the token. In this way, it can implement the connection process. The whole connection process is a process like this. There may be another question. This is what Kubernetes does. How do we do OpenShift? The process of OpenShift is different. Why? Because OpenShift does not accept an external token as its input. It has an awesome token. It has its own system. So it will be more complicated to implement in it. If we talk about OpenShift, let's look at the next question. I just drew this picture. It is a model without an SSO and without a gateway. Next, we will talk about the need to make some enhancements in Kingston. Let's take a look at some enhancements in Kingston. The first one is the security strategy. These security strategies include the smallest password density and the password sensitivity. Although Kingston is already in the configuration file, it can already do these things. However, it is not exposed in the API. When a manager needs to change its password strategy, it needs to provide an API to the portal to use on the ground. There is also the need for a password and a password failure control. There is also the need for a password to be introduced. These are needed. There is also a function called the password strategy. It includes controlling the IP address to our cloud system. There is also a function that does not allow the password to be introduced. There is also the need for a session to idle timeout. There is also the need for a log-in of some policies, including drawing and printing. Kingston does not have this part. We need to provide this function at the top of the list. In fact, besides drawing and printing, you also need to do some work in Kingston. There is also a function that does not allow the password to be introduced to your mobile phone or to your mailbox. You need to do it yourself. Let's take a look. When we have an ISO, there is a kind of scene. This scene is similar, but the only difference is that in this place, in the first place in the log-in, you need to create a token. It needs to be transferred once at night. After transferring the ISO, you can use SAM or OPD Connect to get the token. The next step is to return it to the portal. This is the only disadvantage. In fact, Kingston can also transfer the third place to the third place other than the third place. It can also connect to IL-DAF. When it connects to IL-DAF, it uses IL-DAF as a user system for data balance. In Kingston, it can also connect to Kerberos. Kerberos can also connect to the digital system. For these digital systems, Kerberos can connect to the external Kerberos to make a connection. Of course, this connection has a little bit of a difference in the connection of the ISO. When you connect to the ISO, it is designed to switch at night. When you connect to Kerberos or the digital system, it uses the external as an API. Let's take a look. In the design, we often use the network network. Let's take a look at the network system. In the design, it has a little bit of a difference. When we connect to the network, we don't want to send messages directly to Kingston. We want to send messages directly to Kingston via a gateway. When we use the portal, it also uses the gateway. In the gateway, it will use the token to exchange. When the exchange is done, it will use the gateway to call the service. In the future, it will need to check if there are any changes. In fact, you can decide based on your own safety. There are two ways of changing. The first is whether we need to increase the gateway within the network. This is a choice. There is another way of choosing. When we send a message via the gateway, the token needs to be called now. The latter part is totally trustworthy. The design is totally based on your safety. That's all I'm talking about. If you have any questions, you can contact me after the speech. Thank you for your time.


I'm Tia from the Customer Life Cycle Specialist in the Moodle Cloud team. I'm just quickly sharing that we've had a new feature of Intercom rolled out. Well, it's not actually rolled out live as we speak, but that is hopefully going to be tomorrow morning. So we're now going to be running the Moodle Cloud MPS survey through Intercom as an in-product pop-up. The first stage that will be set live will be what you're seeing on the screen. So the MPS survey plus a personalised follow-up question based on the score that they give. And then the stage two of this that we'll be hopefully rolling out in the following increment is personalised follow-up emails to specifically our promoters so that we can start to gather the customer stories and testimonials from those people.


Can My Internet Handle Vipe? The voice over internet protocol technology, as we know, allows users to make calls over the existing internet network or infrastructure. So, how do we ascertain whether the networks available in our place will be able to support VoIP services? Also, what could be the requirements for the installation of a VoIP system? And what are the benefits and costs of VoIP? Let's take a look at some of the key points that should be considered for VoIP to function on a particular network. Requirements for VoIP Network Internet Connection As we know that VoIP functions in conjunction with the internet, so it is one of the main prerequisites for establishing VoIP communication. The options available include both wired internet infrastructure based on broadband services, and wireless internet such as Wi-Fi modems. Both systems utilize their specific hardware to establish VoIP services. In the case of wired broadband services, Ethernet cables and VoIP gateway can be used. On the other hand, the wireless network utilizes wireless internet modems in addition to Ethernet cables and VoIP gateways. Network Bandwidth Once the network is enabled with the internet, an analysis shall be conducted about the number of VoIP devices that are needed to be integrated into the system. The increase in the number of devices may slow down the network and cause problems, such as network congestion, especially if the bandwidth of the internet connection is low. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the network bandwidth to allow for a specific spare percentage of the bandwidth so that the devices can function properly. It is recommended to use 0.1 megabits per second of bandwidth for every device or phone. VoIP Service Provider For a VoIP system to work, a VoIP service provider has to be selected. Communication between VoIP phones or devices is made possible through the connection provided by the VoIP service provider as they allocate numbers and allow you to make calls to each other's devices. Benefits and Costs for VoIP A VoIP system offers several benefits to businesses and localities where ease of communication is a priority. One of the benefits of VoIP includes the ease of installation and operation of devices. VoIP can be deployed in a relatively quick time due to the presence of internet network infrastructure, as it only needs to be plugged into gateways to function properly. The VoIP devices can be PoE enabled making them cost less in terms of cabling, as they can be powered and transfer data using a single Ethernet cable. The overall cost of use in comparison to other voice call options makes VoIP a budget friendly service for businesses. The charges by the service provider per call are also low in comparison to the traditional telephone service. VoIP allows features such as conference calls and call queues that are beneficial in business environments. The costs associated with VoIP include the service provider fee, internet bandwidth, cabling, and VoIP hardware. Some of the devices needed for VoIP communication could be costly, such as the PoE enabled VoIP devices, network switches, and gateways. If you are considering a VoIP system or want some help and advice, just call us to speak to one of our team. For further assistance or a free survey, please email or call on the details below, and click like and subscribe if you have enjoyed this video.


This is what freedom with Jesus looks like Great worship Jesus and if this is your worship style I would simply ask you to not look down on people who maybe worship a little bit differently in pews with folded hands singing hymns worship really doesn't have to be loud and energetic to be meaningful I'd also be careful the energy and the loudness isn't actually becoming a distraction from actually worshiping Jesus I'd say both ends of the spectrum definitely have their ditches that they can fall into but I'd love to hear from you guys How do you worship at your church and what your thoughts are on this follow for more Christ-centered content?