Kathy and Elliot Lewis on stage. Elliot Lewis, two of the most distinguished names in radio, appearing each week in their own theater, starring in a repertory of transcribed stories of their own and your choosing. Radio's foremost players in Radio's foremost plays. Ladies and gentlemen, Elliot Lewis. Good evening. May I present my wife, Kathy? Good evening. In the dictionary, crustacean is defined as belonging to or characteristic of the crustacea, an individual of the crustacea. And crustacea is defined as one of the three primary divisions or classes into which annulose animals provided with articulated limbs are divided. The higher forms of this class include lobsters, shrimps, crawfish and so forth. The lower animals are of varied forms as barnacles, wood lice, fish lice and so forth. And the word comes from the Latin crusta, meaning the hard shell of a body, the rind. And from all of this, E. Jack Newman has written a new radio play which we are about to do for you called The Crustacean. Hello, Folly. What's that thing out there? Oh, it's a teletype machine. What's it for? It prints news. I've seen lots of things. I guess I ain't never seen one of them before. You remember me, Folly.  That's how I feel about it. I might listen, Folly. Why don't you try me? You won't listen. You wouldn't and nobody else would. Folly, we've talked before. Oh, yeah, we talk. We have. We talked before about maybe do you have a match so as I can light up? Or do I have a match so as you can light up? Well, we never really talk, you and me. We had coffee together in the kitchen. Nobody's ever wanted to talk to me to see if maybe I had something to say about something. Well, I just know your name's Vic, and that's about all. Your name's Victor Hanley. Yeah. Well, I bet you don't know my name outside of just Folly. Your name is Joseph Willis Folly. How did you know that? I asked Mr. Washburn. He told me. He did, huh? Well, I forgot about him. He pays me my check, so I guess he had an O. Sure, I get it now. That social security stuff where they take part of my poke every week. Wash didn't know my name all right, but he never wanted to know it. He had to on account of government. Wash never calls me anything but Folly. He never said to me, hello, Joe, when are you coming to the kitchen? I'm Folly, everybody around. Just playing Folly. Nuts. Joe. Joe? What? You talking to me? Yeah.   It's like that? Sure. Joe, you're right. When you say we haven't talked about many things since we've known each other, I drop into the hotel now and then and say hello, and that's about all. But that doesn't mean we haven't been friends in a way. Now, have I ever done anything to you? Have I ever hurt you? No. You've never done anything to me. Okay, then. Then what's to stop us from talking right now? That was like one of my cigarettes, Joe. Tailor maids? Yeah. Sure. Why not? Give me one. Joe, are these yours? Where do you get them? In your room. You make them yourself? Yeah. They look very interesting, Joe. Some kind of color charts, aren't they? Joe, I'd like to know what all these cardboard sheets mean. You tell me about them. I understand you work pretty hard on them. Where do you hear that? The people at the hotel.  Is that right? What's it to you? Will you explain them to me, Joe? I'd like to know. Them's my ideas. Your ideas, Joe, in color? Yeah. You know much about colors? Not a thing, Joe. Colors is important in life. How do you mean, Joe? You take your green. Now it's just about the best color it is. So if you got green, you got something. But if you got, say, purple, you got maybe lots of trouble. I got it all written down there. In all the years you worked at San Audena in, you never told Mr. Washburn on a cook or any of the others about these ideas you have. You never showed them that. That's my business. A guy can keep his business if he want. Of course, Joe. Now, when did you first... Say, you want to talk to me any more, Vic? Yes, Joe. Then why do you keep asking questions? I'm talking to you. I'm telling you about things and you keep asking questions. You let me tell it to you, will you? Sit down, Joe.  No guy wants to be rushed, don't you know that? You just take your time, Joe. I'll listen. Sure, you'll listen now because you and them other guys out there in the other room, you know I'm right now. We don't know that for sure, Joe. Well, it don't make no difference to me because I know... no guy can say I ever tried to sail. I always do my job. Wherever I am, mucking, frying, digging, no matter what. And I stick to my own business, like at the hotel. Pay no mind to nobody. I just do my job. Hang the check on this. It's okay here for the chef and you take your makeup back out into the dining room. Water, napkins, silverware. Okay. Coffee over there, cream and sugar outside. Anybody wants tea, use that. The tank's always full of hot water. These are your tea bags right here. What else? That's about it. You start at six tonight, off at 12. Oh, Foley? Foley? Huh? Come here. Foley, can you tell you anything else you want to know about the kitchen? What's up, Mr. Washburn? This is Ellie, new waitress. How are you? Foley here has worked for us for a long time. Oh, yeah, me and Mr. Washburn have been pals a long time now, ain't we? Oh, we sure have, Foley. Mr. Washburn, may I see you for a moment, please? Sure. I'll be right back. So you and WashTubb's been pals a long time, huh? Oh, yeah, yeah. We sure have. Just like that, I'll bet. I didn't think a bird who offered 20 a week in tips had many friends. You get your board in room two, don't you?  I get me 50 a month and my bed and bean's pretty nice set up. Has anybody ever come to this dump? Oh, lots of people. Looks pretty dead to me. Tell me, what do you do for laughs? What's for fun 50 miles from nowhere out here? Oh, lots to do.  Now, there's a boy.  I could tell it just by looking at you. Yes, sir, I'll bet you got a Cadillac somewhere, huh? You got a Cadillac? Oh, no, I ain't got me no Cadillac. What's that? Skip it. What do you say your name was? Foley. Well, I'm stuck here for the summer, Foley old kids, so I know you and me are going to have a lot of dandy times together, huh? Oh, yeah, yeah, we sure are, Ellie. Come on, Ellie. I'll show you your room. Me and Ellie didn't have no dandy at times together. I only seen her when we was working. I didn't figure on it. The guy knows what's what. I knew about her, like I say, from the first. The guy knows what's what. Yes, sir. Hiya. Hey, what's this? What's I did? What's what I did? You're sitting there. What are you doing in my room? I'll tell you. I'm waiting for you. That's one thing I'm doing. Another thing, I had my choice of sitting outside in the sun or waiting in here, so I just walked in and sat down. You want to fight a duel about it? What you want, Ellie? Washington said you had the keys to the linen closet. I want some napkins. Now work on that a while, Speedy. I'll take you over to the linen closet. I'll just give me the keys. I'll go myself. Or don't you figure I've got enough brains to unlock the door myself? No, I'm by me supposed to have the keys, Ellie. Okay, okay. What's that pile of stuff you brought in? Nothing. Looks like you've been doing some printing, Foley. I didn't know you could print. I went to school four years maybe. What is it? Your life story? Don't don't touch it. I just asked you. I'm only trying to make a little polite conversation with you, but if it's too much for you to handle, forget it. Well, them's my right. How to scrub a pot in one easy lesson? It's my right and not color. You ever dream, Ellie? Yeah. Why? What colors you see when you dream? I don't know. What colors am I supposed to see? Colors that mean something. All of them do. Something good or bad.  I got it all worked out. Fortune telling, huh? More than that. It's coming from a book or something? No. It's my own idea. I had it a long time. How did that happen? Well, I've been knocking around plenty of my time, bumming and working. I've seen plenty of things. Guys drunk, guys killed. I know it about them from their colors. I know it about lots of people on kind of their colors. You take a guy and you look at him, and you wonder what he can do. Can he maybe play in a piece of wood better than any guy alive, or maybe can he roll makings better than any guy? Every guy can do something in life, see? Every guy's got some reason for being here. Well, a long time went by before I knew I was here, and then I figured out these colors. That's what I can do. Well, my, my.  Yeah. I ain't never told anybody. That's smart. Keep it to yourself. I just bet my last million buckaroos you got life all figured out there, and you're just the kid who'd know all about it. Yes, sir. You're making fun of me, ain't you? Why, no. Well, whatever gave you that idea, Einstein? Don't make no fun of a guy. Don't ever make no fun of a guy, Ellie. You are listening to Kathy and Elliot Lewis on stage. Tonight's play, The Crustacean. All of us at some time are faced with a challenge, and the man in uniform is no exception. Many is the time, for example, when he is called upon to demonstrate his peacetime value and importance to the civilian population of the United States. During 1954, the New England coast was hit by an unexpected and highly damaging hurricane. Not long after the storm passed, the men of the U.S. Naval Base at Newport Rhode Island went into action. It supplied portable generators to provide emergency electrical power for three hospitals, a newspaper, two dairies, and an entire city. It provided a 1,000-watt generator to enable a radio station in Newport to resume broadcasting. And when a serious fire broke out in Newport, the Navy Base furnished a fire engine in 2,500 feet of hose. It also sent pumping equipment to nearby Portsmouth and the portable flood-lighting unit to the Providence Post Office, as well as helicopter surveillance teams over several devastated areas. And in order to prevent rioting and looting as an aftermath of the hurricane, the Navy assigned 105 shore patrolmen to assist local police in four Rhode Island communities. As long as their help was needed, the Navy men gave unselfishly of their time and equipment. Yes, by their aid and assistance, the military once more successfully met a challenge. Can I have a glass of water? Oh, here, Joe. Pretty dry. Joe, uh... Joe, I've tried to make some of this out. It isn't too clear. Everybody's got a color if it belongs to them. Oh, well, I got that much. But is the color in, say, the clothes they wear? You don't understand. I didn't hear it at all. Well, I'm trying to understand, Joe. Joe, I'd like you to tell me more so I can understand what's in here. Yeah? A few minutes ago, you said that everything you know about colors is right. Well, I told you that I wasn't too certain about that. I want to know for sure one way or the other. I made no mistake about that there. I thought I did once on a kind of alley, but I didn't. I was right from the beginning when I first seen her. Boy, can't you hear anymore? I didn't hear all right. What's the matter, you sore-addy? Let me alone. I'm busy. Oh, there's no rush about anything. Your dining room's closed.  I couldn't stay around this dump for a minute if the tips weren't so good. We had a house full tonight. Did you laugh at any of them? You are sore. But you're kind of a wise-acre, too, aren't you? I mind my own business. How is the pot-and-pan business, old boy? Never mind. Or maybe I should be asking you about the color business. Seeing a lot of life around these days? I don't bother you. Are you afraid of me? A man like you's got so many ideas? I want to finish up. You're all finished. Everybody's gone. I want to goodbye. Be a match first. Here. Light it for me. Let me by now.  I don't feel like one. Aren't you going to talk to me? Got nothing to talk about. There's plenty to say this afternoon all about your ideas. Yeah, I don't know. That's too bad, and I was going to learn so much. You'll never learn anything. You know what you are?   You've got a shell just like one of them.  I want to buy. Come on, kid. Hey, Foley, old crab. You ever been this close to a girl before? Maybe we ought to talk now. I'm anxious to know all about your ideas. No, no, Foley, don't run away. I ain't scared of you. Yeah, I'd like it. Why would you be scared of me, Foley? Drop your bucket. Let me by. Please. All right, if you answered my question, Foley, you ever been this close to a girl before? Hmm? Have you? Wash is married. Them guys that deliver things ain't had no time for you. I don't want no part of you either, Ellie. Oh, you? Now, let me get by. See, that's what you are, Gracie.  I didn't think I'd have much to say to her after that. I mean, I thought I'd stay clear of her, but that wasn't easy since we were both in the same kitchen. At first, we didn't talk at all. Just sort of looked away. But after day or two, Ellie, come over to me. We're going to keep this up. Keep what up? Arguing. Makes no difference to me. I want you to tell me about the colors, Foley. I told you once before. All right, all right. Maybe I did try to kid you. Foley, look, I'm worried. And you're the only one who can help me. Yes. I saw a color last night for the first time. Can you tell me something about it? You laughed. Not now. It scared me. Listen, what does yellow mean when you see it in a dream, Foley? You've seen yellow? I don't know. Everything painted yellow, real bright. Like box cars? Yellow box cars? Yeah. Yeah, how'd you know? Only way to see yellow. Well, say, there is something to this. Tell me what it means. Foley, tell me what it means. I told her it wasn't nothing bad like she thought. I told her because I had it all written down there. Of course, I didn't think Ellie ever see a color like yellow. That's a good color. Then a couple of days later she's seen some blue and I told her about that. Then once she's seen white. Bad? Pretty good. That means you got some traveling to do. Well, I'll be, you're right. Up until now I wasn't sure you weren't just handing me a lot of baloney. I got a letter from my sister today. I'm going to go to Spokane when I finish here. That settles. What you mean? You really got something here, kid. Everything you told me has been right down the line. It works. I know. Look, I don't want to tell you your business, and about all these ideas you got. You ought to sell them for money. What? Sure. Sure. I saw you with a big pile of paper, things you've been writing down about it. You ought to put that in print. It's practically a book. Oh, no. I don't write so good. You shouldn't let that worry you. You ought to get it all together and let some publisher see it. My ideas? Well, why not? They're good ideas. We both know they work, don't we? Don't we, Foley? I guess we do. What are you waiting for? Get busy. That's it, sitting there. I put in a lot of time on it. Took a lot of time, because all I had was what I sort of scratched out, but it came out pretty good. And Ellie said she'd take it with her when she left. She said she had a friend who was a publisher in San Francisco. I guess maybe I've seen it all happen. I mean, me. Telling people about my ideas. Oh, Ellie. What do you say, Foley? Getting ready to go, are you? Yeah.  What do you got there? My writings. You remember you said you'd take it to San Francisco with you? I did say that, didn't I? Well, you can never tell what a girl say in a rash moment. Let's have a look at it. A little greasy, isn't it? Well, I might have got it a little dirty. Yeah? What's it about? What's it about? You know what's it about? You've been telling me things all along here. That stuff about the colors?  What? I never dreamed of color in my life. Huh? I never dreamed, kiddo. Just never dreamed at all. Can you imagine that?  You told me that. You know what? I was glad to tell you that. Huh? A little confession to make, sweetheart. I read that trash you got in your hand there. I walked in your room and I read it a long time ago. What do you think I got to know so much about your screwy ideas? You want me to quote some of it till you watch out? Watch it. You then want me to do anything except so as you could laugh at me, is that it? Well, now I guess maybe that is it. Yeah, that's it, kiddo. Since we never had many laughs together, I'll do the laughing for both of us.  It makes about as much sense as you do standing there.  I've seen orange, Ellie. I've seen it when you first showed here. Orange? Well, so what? Don't you know what orange means, Ellie? You read this here. Not just a minute, crackpot. Orange isn't a good color. It's bad. Maybe it's worse. But then you told me some other things, so I thought I was wrong. But I see it pretty plain right now. You didn't want to listen to me. You never want to listen to anybody. You never will. Get out of here. No, Ellie. I see it, but I never know.  No, no. Ellie, can you hear me? I've seen it when you first walked in. Orange. Orange. Orange. I'm going to look all this over, Joe. Yeah, yeah, you do that, Vic. You can tell by them what I've been saying is right. I mean about Ellie. Reporters, Vic, you want to know all about this coloring or want to take pictures of the book and get it in the morning edition? Well, your father's whispering about it. Oh, just a minute, Joe. How about it? No. Tell him no. But, Vic, you'll keep hounding us up.  The color thing has nothing to do with their stories. OK. Hey. What, Joe? What happens now? Well, I guess you'll stay here tonight, Joe. Sergeant Bailey will be back in a minute to take you downstairs. I'll sleep here. That's right, Joe. OK. OK by me. Hey, Vic. Hmm? You got blue. Blue? That means you're a pretty nice guy. Hey, Vic. How about another one of them? Tail-made, Vic. Sure, Joe. The cross-stations starring Kathy and Elliot Lewis on stage. We were able to be as authentic as it's possible to be in radio when Larry Thor, who is Detective Danny Clover in Broadway's My Beat, agreed to play Vic, the policeman. And Polly Bear joined us for the first time tonight to play Wash, who owned the restaurant. The sound effects that you hear each week on stage are performed by two very versatile young men. Their names are Byrne Surrey and Ross Murray. Byrne Surrey isn't going to be a sound effects artist much longer since he's been studying medicine and soon will have his degree and open his own practice. Ross Murray isn't going to be a sound effects artist much longer either since he's been writing scripts. And his newest script is what we're going to do next week. It's called Penny Anty. It was written by Ross Murray and it will include sound effects by Ross Murray and almost Dr. Byrne Surrey. Until next week, thank you for listening. Good night. Good night.


Welcome to Alabama's Smart Yards. We're creating beautiful landscapes that protect natural environments. Why? Because it's the smart thing to do. Today, Danny Carroll will talk about container gardens. Whether it's vegetables or flowers, you need to know your mix. Container gardening for both flowers and vegetables has become increasingly popular. And once we've chosen the right container for our plant, it's time to choose the correct potting medium. The best potting mix for containers is one that is soilless. Literally, it contains no soil at all. An all-purpose commercial potting mix composed of peat moss, vermiculite, and or perlite is generally recommended. It drains well, but also has moisture-holding properties. These soilless medias are free of disease pathogens, insect pests, and weed seeds. Pay attention to the bag when you're purchasing in the store. It's very easy to confuse a potting mix with an in-ground garden soil. Bagged garden soils contain topsoil. Also organic materials, but they are used for amending in-ground gardens. These are not well suited for container gardening, as they will become compacted and too dense for plant roots to grow. The same is true for compost. Compost alone should not be used in containers. While compost can be used in a potting mix, it will become compacted as well. Shredded pine bark, another ingredient in a potting mix, should also not be used alone. It will not hold any water or nutrients in the container. Be sure and thoroughly wet the potting mix before you plant and fertilize accordingly if your potting mix does not have a fertilizer incorporated. Container gardens can be really successful with the right supplies.


Welcome back folks down right now up for Nasdaq is flat S&P's are up to let's go to our ma'am It's the Basel Chapman is to do each and every Tuesday at 20 past the hour and don't forget folks Bowser's an outstanding show here every trading day 12 to 1 Eastern Standard Time also has a great newsletter the opening call The way you get the opening call come over to our website at TFNN You're gonna go right under featured content. You'll see the opening call right there. You just hit the opening call You're gonna hit subscribe you can get Basel's newsletter for one month for a hundred and twenty eight dollars You can get it for six for five ninety five, which is a savings of a hundred and seventy three dollars or twenty two and a half percent You can get it for a year for nine ninety five a savings of five hundred and forty one dollars or thirty five percent They all come with a thirty-day money back guarantee folks checking out right in the front page of TFNN Basel Chapman, what's going on? Hi Tom. How are you?  That was incredible. Yeah, well, it's wonderful to see new talent come along and especially at a young age like that because Yeah, it's just a new blood. It just it makes things fresh. It's terrific and only that I'm sure Serena appreciates she was once there and you just want to you want to be beaten by someone who's Really outstanding and up and coming and I think that that's a fact this particular case That's exactly it. It is in fact check this out folks. Okay that When Serena won her first title the girl was just born and this good that the the girl herself that the Williams sisters are her idols So it's even better. That's that's Serena I guess but the bottom line is that that's a but that's a great compliment, right? I mean, there's no doubt, you know, it certainly is and you know, it's very interesting playing on grass It's so different to every other medium because it's slippery. It's you're not quite sure how the ball is going to balance Yeah, so it's it's a real challenge and She's young still was certainly up to it. Wonderful. Gotta love it. So market-wise. What are we looking at here? So we're looking at the Dow I'm showing a chart and the one on the left is really the one that has the most interesting information Because the Dow right now is at twenty six thousand seven twenty nine So it's just less than two hundred points away from the previous high that was made at Twenty six thousand nine hundred and seven on the twenty first and I thought yesterday It was a chance that we would start this leg C So in the Chapman way methodology, we're always looking for from a buy signal We're always looking for a buy signal to be upgraded to a buy mode And that usually occurs in a very strong leg B or even a C And then the implication is that it should go to at least four higher peaks Well, we've gone to two which goes a peak a peak B. So peak means where we're at yesterday We almost made a miss by less than 20 points going to that leg C So I'm still looking at this and for subscribers. We went along the very morning of the low on Junus on the June the third and the lowest twenty four thousand seven hundred one and about twenty four thousand eight twenty We went long and we're still long and one of the things about this is that if you look at the technicals And I like to use the mag D the moving average convergence divergent sets this technical tool right here on the left And it's still very strong. It's flattening out But the green line, that's the faster moving average is not crossed Negatively under the red line the slow moving average. So this is good stochastic. It's not great It's a 70 percent. It was over 80 percent. In fact, it was at 90 percent So this is something that means that it's lagging. So to a certain extent I'm looking at this and I'm saying Technically we should get those extra points to start a leg C But then there's another technique that I'd like to look at which is what I call the chapter move inside track And what I do is in I draw a little mini up channel it could be within a larger up channel in this case is within a wedge formation and this up channel shows that there's This green dashed resistance line and then underneath it just a little bit under it I put another one that's red and it says that every time the price of whatever you're following goes into this What I call when it's a rising one. I call it a sell the zone. It means that that's where you expect prices to be Pull at least a bump into resistance. That's exactly what happened yesterday So I'm anticipating that they're going to be modest highs will go to that leg C above 26907 and then we'll probably get to a leg D and that's going to test the major high of 26695 and then there are a bunch of resistance levels So if the if the Dow actually snaps right through kiss of the 27,000 say 120 over the next two weeks That'll be very positive. That'll be a breakout. So I'm anticipating we're going to get to D We're gonna stay long as long as the technicals are strong will remain long And I'm anticipating that we're going to make a modest new highs And then you can see that we bring it over to the weekly because what happens is that the shorter term daily You start to look at the next time sequence and that time sequence now is the bigger one Which is the weekly chart and in this particular instance, you can see there's this this is resistance level It's getting to it But the mag D has cross positive and this accounts to get 83 percent. I love it a over 80 percent is good So that that is a positive and if you look at that monthly chart Yes, people are talking about these three three tops which in a sense looks a little bit like a head and shoulders but I can't I can't call this a head and shoulders when you've got gone from 10,000 from the 27,000 almost a 27,000 area down to 21,712 looks to me like we've really started a brand new monthly buy signal So that's where we are we're in vice by mode in the daily by mode in the weekly and a by mode in the in the monthly Charts and so far that's my stance I don't see any reason to change that but I would like in the monthly chart in July for the mag D Finally to cross positive which it hasn't done. Okay, so there is a little bit of a negative divergence But so far this looked quite good. Yeah, I'll tell you be watching Tiger TV and he looked at Basel's the charts there folks, okay? This this weekly in that monthly man If you break topside man, you know, what would you have their folks is that we've actually been going sideways for about a year and a half Consolidation correct. You can go if this thing is gonna go It's gonna be pretty intense man Well at the same it will I think it will be intense because it can't you know when you go to all-time highs you've opened up You don't know where the resistance is because you've never been there. Exactly at the same time You know, you do have the semiconductor index which We had been short on the way down took profits And I did not switch to the long side and it's gone from 120 down to 97 and now it's at a good rally from 97 to yesterday's I have a hundred fifteen ninety six that is not to be snow, you know, this is that's quite a good rally but I think that the semiconductors are still showing some kind of Rotational weakness are a couple of stocks that are strong. So it's going to be very dependent. I think on the high tech sector the tech sector itself and the semiconductors to ready It's been the key now for a long time to have the technical the tech sector Ready leading and the fang stocks and if you look at the fang stocks, they they still making they haven't made new highs this year So there are a lot of discrepancies and that's the reason why I think we've got modest highs Then I think we have a pullback not a deep pullback and that's where we see just exactly what's strong What's going to take us higher for the rest of the year and what what sectors are going to be weak? So so far still remaining strong just waiting to see whether we get a break out or we start to bump into a strong resistance and There you know you're talking about the yields There are a lot of things that are going on together. We've never seen before So I think that that offers quite an opportunity both on the long side and the short side right across the market in the different sectors And what we're gonna have to talk about next folks is that you're depending on how long you've been listening to us I'm Amis the Baszler Chapman was talking about the Japanese and of American bonds Japanization of American bond like 12 years ago, man. Oh, I actually 20 or more years. Yeah, interesting


My name is Jessica Dagon and I am a primary school teacher. My teaching journey so far, I applied for the Pell Duncan Teaching Scholarship. From there I decided I wanted to go rural and applied for the Beyond the Range Scholarship. Then I went remote and now I'm back here in Brisbane at Greenbank State School. The Pell Duncan Scholarship enables my permanency within Education Queensland. Going out remote purely for me was to be able to have the experience and have the growth that you wouldn't get in the city. It's one of those experiences you hold with you for the rest of your career.  Coming to school every day is the highlight of their day.  The kids that I've worked with are really intelligent in so many different ways and they have so much to give to life. It's about activating those parts of their intelligence and showing them what they can do with it. For me that's been the biggest part of being an Indigenous teacher. To someone considering a career in teaching, don't sell yourself short by not going to a remote location because it will make you a better teacher. It's not one of those same mundane kind of jobs. It's making you grow and making the children around you grow as well. And it's an inspiring place to be in life to be able to make that difference.


All right, good morning, everybody. I want to, let's do, I think I'm supposed to, there we go. All right, let's go back one here. Don't want to bother with legal, okay. So my personal open source journey started around 1997. I was working at HP, I worked at HP for about 30 years, and I was actually running a HP UX kernel development lab. And so I've been doing this, and sort of Linux was this thing off that nobody really knew what it was, and we kind of brought it in-house, it's importing, and that's kind of how my journey around Linux and open source started. In 2002, I ended up writing this book called The Business and Economics of Linux and Open Source. My motivation at the time for writing the book was that very few people understood really how open source works, how the business models works, how the licensing paradigms work, and how all of that stuff comes together. And just like the industry didn't quite fully understand how all this worked, even internal to HP, there was a gap of knowledge. So my primary motivation was actually as an education tool for the management and executive teams at HP. And actually worked pretty well. And it was a big effect. Now, for all of those who consider themselves open source experts who live and breathe open source day in and day out, and in audiences like this, I'll often ask a test question. And by far and away, most people fail this test question. And the test question is how many open source licenses are there currently? And I'm not going to do it here, but in past audiences, I'd probe and I'd get everything from there's only one to there's a million. And I'd get answers everywhere in between. My last count, if you're curious, I wonder what the answer is. My last count was 71. The reason I mentioned this is that in 2003, I gave the opening keynote address at Linux World. And in 2003, the reason I gave that keynote address is that I wanted to set off what I'll call a set of alarm bells to the open source community that there was a clear and present danger that was being ignored by everyone. And that clear and present danger was license proliferation. So I just told you that my last count, which could be off by one or two, was around 71. In 2003, the number was 58. So in the span of about 10 years of the existence of open source, 58 open source licenses have been created. And at the time, there was a tendency for people to create what we call vanity licenses. So IBM had a license, Sun Microsystems had a license, and so on and so forth. And a funny little story, for those of you around back then, Steve Ballmer, then CEO of Microsoft, would call open source and Linux an intellectual property killer. It was a cancer. And then you kind of see that from Jim's presentation this morning how Microsoft has kind of fully come on board. The interesting thing which Steve did not do back then is that if you wanted to kill open source in 2002, 2003, the best thing Steve Ballmer could have done was to go to the industry and say, open source is the greatest thing ever, and every company should go and create a license. And you know what? At the time, given the level of understanding, I bet you that every legal department would have gone out under direction of their CEO and gone to create an open source license, and we would have ended up with an intertwined mess of licensing that was unresolvable and nothing in the open source community would have worked with anything else. And so now we're basically, we kind of worked through that. I had some fun through that, and we've really contained this issue, and open source has been able to thrive over the past number of years, and I guess I've now embarked on this new journey. I didn't predict this. These things just happen. And as I joined Western Digital, I've now embarked on this world of open source hardware, which seems like an oxymoron. How do you open source hardware? And this is not in the sense of OCP. And so what I'm going to do is try to give you a little bit of a rationale for how we think about this and how we think, and I'm going to introduce to you Risk Five and open source processing. And you know, kind of keep in mind Western Digital, we build hard drives and flash devices, and we have a product portfolio around that. We're not a CPU company. We don't intend to ever be a CPU company. But yeah, you're going to see we have taken a very, very active role in the notion of processing, and hopefully you'll understand why. Lawyers make me show this. We'll go through that quickly. All right, so we... Clearly, I haven't been trained well enough. You know, one of the things I do do, sometimes when I show this slide, is I say, if you can find the typo, I'll give you a free SD card. So... But so, all right. So this is, you know, we kind of think in terms of data, right? Like, a new tagline we came up here with recently is, you know, they call it a data center, not a CPU center, right? Because it's about the data. And so, we simplified this construct around big data and fast data. So think of big data. From our perspective, it's sort of very hard drive centric. But it's where you care about volumes and volumes and volumes of data at a fairly low cost per bit. And think of fast data in two constructs. One is around main memory or memory-centered computing. And also, very high-speed persistent storage, namely flash, and some of the new persistent memories coming out. And the reality is, our world is introducing a set of applications that need to be able to leverage both this construct of big data and fast data, where in some cases, fast data, latency, like, you know, I like to use the self-driving car sending all of its data to the cloud, waiting a few seconds for an answer to coming back to decide whether or not it should turn left or right. Not good enough. That's where you need this fast data, low latency, immediate processing close to the edge, right? So this processing close to the edge. Whereas the big data applications involve insights, the machine learning analytics, and those kinds of applications. So what we noticed when we started to analyze this is that our world that I lived in, this open source world that we lived in over the past 30, 40 years, was really largely driven around general-purpose processing. So the processors we have in our servers, our laptops, our desktops, et cetera, those are all basically general-purpose processors. They're all very good, right? So this is not a good-bad thing. We absolutely need those things. I'm gonna start talking about risk five, and sometimes people go to, is risk five gonna be a competitor to Intel? Don't go there, right? Intel needs to keep doing everything they're doing. They need to be as wildly successful, and they need to keep driving this world because we will continue to have all sorts of applications, environments, Linux, and so on, where this general-purpose processing is the best tool for the job. In addition to that, our world thanks largely to things like machine learning and artificial intelligence, our world is needing more specialized processing, and that's been our motivation. And again, not an instead of, but an in addition to. And this is already happening. You're already seeing it. Most people have heard of a Google TPU, a TensorFlow processing unit. That is a special-purpose piece of hardware. When people think about doing compute for machine learning, they tend to think about a GPGPU, a graphics processor, because it's good at vector processing, which is ideal for that world. So we're already seeing that. Other customers have created or other entities have created custom hardware in the form of FPGAs in order to optimize their workload. And so this is what we're seeing now is this expansion into this general-purpose processing for big data and fast data. And so there's also been a tendency, and just so you know, a lot of people come to see me at the office. There'll be customers, there'll be startup companies that kind of want us to invest in them. And they seem to have this notion of we are software companies, and we work on commodity hardware. And they wear that like a badge of honor. So just a safety tip, if you're one of those, don't do that. Because the reality is, it's a fun little tagline, silicon is oxygen that allows software to breathe. A guy I work with said, no, no, Martin, it's the opposite. It doesn't matter. The point of this is that hardware and software are now at a point where they need to come together and be optimized for each other. The amount of optimization we've been able to do with software with a general-purpose processor has reached certain limits in certain cases. And increasingly we're seeing these applications, I'll use TensorFlow again as the example, where you need a TensorFlow framework and a TensorFlow Plus, and it's the combination of those two. It's the hardware and the software coming together that is actually the next generation and where we need to go to. And so we decided that we needed to think about this again in an open-source construct, and we looked at everything, right? We looked at all the various architectures out there. And in fact, when I joined Western Digital, I had never heard of RISC-5. So this was not some agenda thing. The team at Western Digital before I ever showed up was the team that I essentially joined and founded with RISC-5. But essentially, the beauty around RISC-5 was with this open-source instruction set architecture, we had the opportunity to then create big data and fast data environments tied to our devices that allowed us to optimize the hardware and the software together. So if you want to think of this very simply, for example, we build controller chips for our flash devices, our SSDs. With RISC-5, we now have the opportunity to create custom instructions to optimize that SSD for power, for performance, et cetera. Those are things that were very difficult and unavailable to us before. And so that was our big motivation to go there. Now, the big thing we want to accomplish from a data center perspective, this clicker is a little wonky, is this notion of a memory fabric. So remember I said big data and there's also fast data. One of the things that general-purpose computing has done, and it doesn't matter if it's an Intel chip, an IBM chip, any other chip, is the memory interconnect is a point-to-point connection. So you have a CPU, you have a DDR, and then you have a DRAM memory, you have main memory. And this is a very tightly connected, optimized memory bus. Well, I said we are all about the data. And we think that data should be the center of the universe. So our goal is to create this centralized memory pool, or data pool, to be more precise, that any number of processing engines can come and do processing on the data. And rather than say everything is general-purpose, bring the best processing engine for the tool at hand to the data, and use that same data, but process it in different ways, whether it's a RISC-5 CPU, maybe it's a GPU, maybe you've created your own FPGA, you've downloaded your algorithm to it, you've got other accelerators, and things like that. This is basically our goal, is to have this universal memory fabric. Well, in, I'll say, the true notion of open source, we decided to just tell the world we were working on this. And that's why you see this thing called Omni-Extend. And this Omni-Extend fabric is free and available for anyone to go get, it's currently in development. So we are developing it with the community and anybody who wants to come and play. So the question I often get is why this, there's other standards out there, OpenCappy, GenZ, CCIX, so on and so forth. Well, the reason why we ended up doing Omni-Extend was not because we wanted to pick a fight, or we said we wanted ours is better than yours, nothing to do with any of that. In the case of C6 and OpenCappy, those were still point-to-point protocols. We were trying to create a fabric. We couldn't use those because they were point-to-point. And they're not fully open and we're trying to really go after this fully open environment. GenZ would have been ideal and still might be ideal. We still actually actively work with GenZ and we still love GenZ. GenZ wasn't ready for coherence and wasn't ready with an open physical interface and so that's why we ended up doing Omni-Extend. So we're trying to essentially standardize a cache coherency fabric which allows all of the CPUs to stay coherent on the cache front and have a routable fabric. So this is going to take a couple of forms. So one, we're partnering with Sci-5. Sci-5 is taking a coherency fabric that they had on chip and extending it so that we can connect it to an interface outside the chip so it can go onto an Ethernet interface. So we're now, for the very first time, going to have a coherency fabric that can operate on an open industry standard physical interface, namely Ethernet. But when I say Ethernet, I don't mean Ethernet in the context of networking or TCPIP and all of those kinds of things. I mean Ethernet as in the physical interface. We are still, because it's a fabric and we want to bring things together, we have to have a switch. So we're going to use this barefoot Tafino, which is a programmable switch and it uses a programming language called P4 and we're going to write all of the code for that switch and all of the code for that switch is all going to be open source. And it actually, we're probably about a month or so away from that code release to become available. So we're really taking this notion of open sourcing to a whole new level and we're really taking it to heart and bringing it to a hardware construct. So about a year and a half ago when we started the RISC-5 journey, we had said that, hey, Western Digital ships a billion cores a year. So for those of you who work in serverland, you probably think about millions of servers. We think about billions of cores. And we did the analysis and we expect to double that and we said we will transition the entire portfolio. This will take many, many years to essentially go to RISC-5. So one of the things we could have done was to essentially go buy RISC-5 cores from and there's a variety of, so Sci-5, Codesip, there's a bunch of core providers out there. They're kind of like the arms of the world but in RISC-5. And we could have done that, but we said, look, no, we've made this commitment to RISC-5. We need to learn and understand exactly how this works. So we essentially put a team together and we went off and created our own RISC-5 core. So this RISC-5 core is not a derivative of anybody else's IP. This is built from the ground up from a team at Western Digital. Now, by the way, if all you people were silicon people, you'd be going, ooh, ah, this is really cool stuff, man, okay. This is like JavaScript like you've never seen before in my world, okay. But so this is basically now a full open source core and we gave it a name and it's called Swerve. And so let me go backwards. So the RV means RISC-5, so no surprise there. The we has two meanings. One is Western Digital. And the second one is we as in collaborative, as in all of us, as in we do this together. And then S and Swerve was because we are swerving around general purpose computing and focusing on the special purpose.  I'll give you a little bit of a performance metric just so you can kind of connect it in your brain. This is basically a chart that was done by some folks at Berkeley University looking at all the cores. Now I wanna clarify something here. These are cores, not processors, okay. So this is not a full Xeon processor or a full ARM processor.  And then around the cores is uncore. So memory controllers, IO controllers, all of those kinds of things. This is only the core. And so there's a performance benchmark that's well known for just the core called the core mark per megahertz. So it's normalized on a megahertz basis. And so this is basically the core mark per megahertz of a variety of different. This was done around 2015, I think. So it's getting a little bit old, but it gave us all the data on one chart. And you can see the blue bars are for out-of-order cores and the orange bars are in-order cores. So Swerve came in at 4.9. It's actually about 5.1 now on a per core mark per megahertz basis. And so here's the interesting data point for you and why this special purpose thing matters. When we started this core development effort, our ambition, our target, was to achieve parity with our current cores. We were saying we don't want to blow it out of the park. We want to be realistic. We're doing this for the first time. So let's have realistic goals. And we said if all we do is achieve parity to what we have, that we'll call it victory. What ended up happening was 50% better performance, 30% better silicon area, and 30% lower power utilization. That's what ended up happening. And the reason is because this core is a production-level core. It will go in our devices. I think when you buy your USB stick next year to say, hey, RISC-5, I know. There won't be a RISC-5 logo on it. That's okay. But the thing is that we were able to focus on the task at hand. And as a result of focusing on the task at hand, we were able to achieve levels of capability that were so far beyond. And so for those of you who work at large companies like Western Digital and others, you know that when you sort of go to an R&D team and say, hey, look at my PowerPoint. This is what I'm going to build, and you should get on board. That they tend to kind of say, hey, you know, I don't build my product plan around a PowerPoint. Once the team actually released the core, and now they went from PowerPoint to This Is Real, the amount of pull internal to Western Digital went up exponentially. And we've now had a whole number of requests for all sorts of variants that are pretty interesting that would not otherwise be possible if we didn't have our own core. But we're at the open source leadership conference, and so we said, hey, our cores would be embedded cores. That's where we're going to start. And they would be for internal use only, right? This is kind of what we're not doing industry thing. But it's open sourced. And so some people will say, but it's a chip, it's like a core, like what does that mean open source?  On the left is what's called RTL code. This is the code that a silicon designer writes to do a chip, a core, or any other kind of silicon. On the right is C code. And to the uninitiated, if you look left and right, they probably go, it just looks like software. That's the point. Building silicon is building software. There are a few differences. So one of the things that software programmers do when you write that C code on the right is you kind of think in sequential terms. So every line of the code that you see gets executed in sequence. And even if you're an expert multi-threaded programmer, still things happen in the sequence. The big difference with the code on the left, and if you really want to follow along, you see this always at positive clock edge or positive edge, essentially things happen simultaneously. And that's the big difference between silicon development and software development is on the left, what's between those that begin and end block happens simultaneously, not in sequence. Now, if you're all software people and you're like, oh, why do I need to know any of this, and why does any of it matter? Well, guess what? There's a thing called high-level synthesis. So by the way, on the left, it's called synthesize. On the right, it's called compile. So you compile your code in hardware. You synthesize your code. There's a thing called high-level synthesis that will allow you to take C, C++, and other language codes and actually compile them into the thing that's on the left to then create something that is synthesizable to produce a chip. So we are actually in the early phases of a world where even all of you who are potentially software developers are going to write software where your output is not the CICD DevOps and go through Jenkins and all that kind of stuff, your actual output is synthesizable into hardware that is optimized for a very specific algorithm like a machine learning thing. And so that's why this is so, so interesting to us. But when we say it's open-source hardware, well, guess what? We're just open-sourcing source code. So if you go to GitHub and you go download our swerve core, what you're going to get is basically all of this RTL code, the language is called System Verilog. So it's written in System Verilog. And that's what you're going to get. All right, so we also created this instruction set simulator. So we wanted to basically have an environment where we could test the RISC-5 core and anybody else's RISC-5 core. And so for that we needed a simulator. And so we essentially had a completely separate independent team write the simulator while we had another team developing the core. And so this instruction set simulator in the spirit of everything we're doing related here is all about open-source. And so this instruction set simulator is also available for anyone that wants to do RISC-5 simulations and run an instruction set simulator. Our swerve core is 32-bit. The simulator will do both 32 and 64-bit. All right, so that's it. So basically we are passionate about having a memory fabric where data is the center of the universe and we allow any general purpose or special purpose processing engine to communicate through that open fabric and have access to the data at very low latency and in a cache-coherent way and built on this ubiquitous Ethernet fabric that everybody has access to. We did our very first RISC-5 core. We're just getting started. As I said, we're already working on variants. But let me give you another piece of data. So for all of you who have been working in open-source like I have since the late 90s or through to 2000s, your psyche is sort of adapted to and you take for granted how all this stuff works. Right? In this silicon world, this is all new, folks. And the thing that's fascinating for me and the reason that I mentioned the book at the beginning is all of this very early education is sort of where I'm finding myself again today because all of the people that are in this silicon world are asking all the same questions around how does this work and what about licensing, what about my IP and how does this collaboration thing work and so on and so forth. All of these things, it's essentially a complete deja vu. And so it's fascinating to see how this works. I'll tell you a story. There was one of these IP providers, these intellectual property providers, and when we released our RISC-5 core to the open-source community, their instant reaction was, you are competing with me. I said, wow, that's interesting. Not in CPU business, not in the IP business. I don't know exactly how I'm competing with you. And I said, why don't you just take the SWIRV core off of GitHub, include it in your portfolio, wrap your tools around it, and sell it. There's a little company we know called Red Hat that did something similar with the Linux kernel. And they just looked at me like dumbfounded and I said, I just accelerated your roadmap by a year. And so it was a complete aha moment. So this stuff that all of you take for granted in this world is all gonna be brand new and I need your help. Because as I said, the real world is not hardware versus software and there's no winners and losers. The only winning comes when the hardware and the software come together and work and are optimized to work together. And you're gonna see this new world where software becomes hardware in order to be fully optimized. But I've got, I don't know, let's call it a 15- to 20-year gap of DNA, of psyche, of people who need to get up to speed just like all of you did in learning how open source works. And so that's what a big part of the RISC-V Foundation is all about. And so I'm gonna ask Jim Zemlin to come back up here and do a special introduction with me. All right, thank you, Martin. Well, let's give him a hand for like some amazing talk. So Martin has been the interim CEO of the RISC-V Foundation and speaking as somebody who runs a foundation, it's sometimes a bit of a thankless task. I'm getting fired for it. So we're gonna let Martin go today. But when he called me up and said, hey, you know, we're looking for someone to come run this, you know, it's a tall order because you need somebody who is technically savvy who understands the world of silicon and CPU technology, who is emotionally intelligent, can lead through influence, can herd cats to create great outcomes, and immediately to my mind came Callista Redmond, who we want to introduce as the newest CEO of the RISC-V Foundation. Please welcome Callista Redmond. Welcome. I may regret this, Callista, but welcome and we're so happy to have you. Thanks, thanks so much. Well, I mean, you've built a great foundation, not just in the sense of an org, but a set of technical artifacts that we can continue to innovate on, continue to build the community and engage a wide variety of stakeholders. So it's super exciting for me to join. All right, thank you. Thank you. We're happy to have you on board. Thanks, everybody. Look for more from Callista. Thank you, Martin. I look forward to great things out of RISC-V.


Okay, let me let's get started. I thank you all for for being here I just want to point out and I hope I get every all the representatives senators who are here But we have representatives Harris and Frankel and you'll be hearing from both of them in in a minute In addition, we have representative Briggs Johnson Harrell McClinton. We have representative Madden representative Kim representative Zabel Who did I miss? You get everybody okay senators Williams and Costa Anybody Oh, yeah, yeah, I'm sorry, sorry. I got you. I got you. I got will be I got you. Okay I've only been in politics for four and a half years. I know that what I just did was a death-defying act Mission everybody's here. So if I miss him, but I'm really sorry, but thank everybody for joining me today This is really important As many of you know, I was going to do this yesterday and all of us were planning to be here But unfortunately just hours before the press conference was scheduled to occur Philadelphia was once again Plague by another example of gun violence the man wielding a gun shot six Philadelphia police officers He held two other hostage officers hostage And he terrorized countless other families during a standoff that lasted later than into the night Just a side thing. I mean that that was a terrible example of really Bad things that can be done But it was just another event in a long string of events on Wednesday A 20 year old was shot and killed in south Philadelphia Unfortunately gun violence is just too much of an ordinary, but it didn't make the front page as as the Shooter did on Wednesday But it's too much of a part of our communities like Philadelphia Pittsburgh your my own small town We we have have suffered too much of this The point is that man in Philadelphia Had enough ammunition and weapons to hold dozens of Philadelphia police officers at bay for almost eight hours Why was that? Why would anyone need that? What's more countless acts of gun violence occurred across the commonwealth as I said On the same day a 20 year old was shot and killed in south Philadelphia We need to do something to stop gun violence all across pennsylvania Too many pennsylvania's have died from gun violence Too many have lost loved ones to gun violence Too many live every day in fear of being shot on the sidewalk in their neighborhood In a grocery store at school or at a concert We need to protect all of our lives everywhere in pennsylvania Last week I stood in the rotenda and I called for action We need to fix our weak gun laws in pennsylvania and pass reforms focused on increasing safety and reducing danger to our citizens But within with each day that passes alarming numbers of pennsylvania's are losing their lives to gun violence Because every day We delay in doing this It's another day where we lose the right to live our lives free of fear that is Surrounding our lack of action So the executive order i'm signing is not an impulsive decision made in the wake of the recent mass shootings Rather, it's the result of months of work by my administration working with partners To find real tangible solutions that focus on reducing gun violence On reducing the number of people killed and terrorized by guns in our commonwealth The second amendment does not supersede the inalienable right we all have to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness Every human being every pennsylvania is endowed with these rights And it's my duty and it's all of our duty to protect them for every pennsylvania That's what this executive order is all about i'm starting by announcing charles ramsey and i ask You today whether you like to be called commissioner mr. Chairman and he said charles So charles ramsey who's the current chair of the pennsylvania commission on crime and delinquency But as you know, he was also the former commissioner police commissioner in philadelphia He's going to be my new special advisor charged with coordinating and leading our gun reform effort This executive order also establishes the office of gun violence prevention within the pennsylvania commission on crime And delinquency and the division of violence prevention within the department of health These two new offices will work together to tackle gun violence from both the gun safety and a public health perspective Today or together they will target three key areas of gun violence First community gun violence second mass shootings third domestic gun violence and suicides Let me start with the first one Community gun violence is going to be addressed through increased training for state and municipal police and data sharing Data sharing which will help us identify trends and create tailored solutions to each community's needs We will work on prevention tactics like increasing school emotional social and behavioral supports And bolstering evidence-based juvenile justice programs And we'll support and expand municipal gun buyback programs through the pennsylvania state police To reduce the number of unwanted guns in our communities second We will deal with mass shootings by holding more active shooter training for state and municipal police and state agencies We will also use prevention tactics by working with pennsylvania state police again to put a greater focus on domestic terrorism And a see something send something campaign encouraging people to report suspicious Suspicions or a potential mass shootings by text message I'm also enrolling pennsylvania in the states for gun safety coalition Which is a multi-state partnership that shares information and conducts research to combat gun violence Finally, we will tackle gun domestic violence and suicides I'm directing the suicide prevention task force to make immediate recommendations on steps to reduce suicides by gun Their work will be supplemented by data collected by a new suicide death review team within our department of health The ultimate outcome of this is to determine what we can do as a commonwealth to decrease deaths by suicide Our agencies will build on mental health stigma campaigns to encourage pennsylvania's to seek treatment Most people with mental illness are not violent But for those individuals who are struggling with mental illness and show an increased risk of violence early identification Early intervention and evidence-based mental health treatments are key We will also build up the student assistance program a critical program that allows Educators who work with students every day to make mental health referrals The office of gun violence prevention will also be charged with coordinating a system of focused police deterrence in neighborhoods and cities Where violence is most extreme This executive order also establishes the special counsel on gun violence within the pennsylvania commission on crime and delinquency This council will meet within 60 days of the signing of this executive order and will make recommendations To the special advisor and the pccd on ways to reduce incidents of gun violence in pennsylvania It will be comprised of agency secretaries Designed needs from each of the pccd's existing subcommittees and members of the general assembly We will rely on them to include gun owners victims of gun related violence criminal justice experts and health care practitioners in the discussion around practical recommendations to enhance this executive order To better understand the scope of gun violence including contributing factors We'll be establishing a violence data dashboard similar to the opioid data dashboard We'll partner with state universities to research the cause and consequences Of gun violence and identify trends to help us better predict and prevent gun violence from happening anywhere in pennsylvania And i will be directing every state department to engage in an effort to combat the systemic causes of violence Including poverty hopelessness a lack of economic opportunities mental and behavioral health supports All of the actions i'm taking today strike a balance between freedom and safety Finally i cannot work alone in this endeavor And i'm asking for the support of the general assembly to make the legislative changes necessary to protect the lives of all pennsylvania's First i will seek legislation to mandate the reporting of lost or stolen guns So that we can cut down on the number of illegal gun sales and keep guns out of the hands of known criminals Like the philadelphia shooter Second i'm asking for the general assembly to pursue safe safe storage legislation So people who are in danger of harming themselves or others Cannot gain access in an easy way to guns Third i will continue to push for the swift passage of the extreme risk protection order act That's also known as the red flag law And last i will forth i will continue to push for state level universal background checks on all Gun purchases and other common sense gun violence reduction legislation It's my honor and my duty to guide our commonwealth. I'm proud to be governor By making and finding the right middle ground here i think we can create the best pennsylvania We want a good pennsylvania for everybody one that recognizes the rights embedded in the second amendment But also one that recognize all of our rights to live free of fear The conversation of where this middle ground where this important middle ground lies is important It's long long overdue and i look forward to continuing this conversation with the legislature with the people of pennsylvania As we move into the start of the fall session Now it's my great pleasure to introduce commissioner chairman Charles ramsey who who unfortunately is going to have to leave right after he speaks But i really appreciate you're doing what you're doing. Thank you for stepping up Thank you very much governor. It's really an honor to serve On such a vital important issue as dealing with gun violence And also i want to thank you for coming up with this strategy which i believe is unprecedented state level To address this issue not just as a law enforcement or criminal justice issue, but as a public health issue as well And i promise we will meet all the deadlines and give you something that is actionable that can Really improve the quality of safety and security throughout the commonwealth, you know This whole issue of mass shootings is normally what gets national attention Whether it's el Paso or Dayton or pittsburgh It's incidents like that where the national media comes out and for a day or two They'll spend time actually talking about gun violence in america But the reality is mass shootings take place every day on the streets of our city It's across the entire country One person Two people here three over there All life has value You don't have to lose it in large quantities before we start to pay attention to something That is as pressing an issue as gun violence in our communities Suicide More people died by suicide than any other means. What about children? I can't tell you how many scenes i've gone to have been in A active member of law enforcement 47 years Where a young child finds a gun in a home? And accidentally pulls the trigger and shoots a sibling or shoots themselves tragic Something has to be done to reduce gun violence whether it's by criminals whether it's accidental Whether it's suicide whatever it is we need to do everything we can to protect Our people here and governor i just want to thank you For taking this step to do it at the state level because if we wait around for the federal government to do it It's not going to happen anytime soon and so doing it here pennsylvania We can be the model for the rest of the country and we will be the model for the rest of the country So again, thank you very much for this opportunity We will not let you down and thank all of you gather here today for all the work That you've done in the past and all that you're about to do in the future. So thank you And now it's my great pleasure to introduce someone who I've had the pleasure of working with For I guess 10 years now, and that's our great senator anthony williams. Thank you Let me thank A few folks before I make some comments one. I want to thank the leader of my caucus jay costa who in june Allowed me to circulate a letter on behalf of our democratic caucus to send to the governor Um, announcing that philadelphia was in an epidemic situation with regard to the level of gun violence um, and he As the leader of our caucus did not have to do that and so i want to thank him first city cashman and mike brunel. I don't know where they are, but I want to thank you publicly for on behalf of The commonwealth on behalf of philadelphia on behalf of me Who have spent countless hours? texts yelling and screaming And you all acted with dignity and frankly came up with a plan that is extraordinary I mean extraordinary and so i want to thank them and least Last but not least Our governor And I will tell you i'm going to try to make through my comments, but this is emotional It's emotional for me This governor has done something that no other elected official in this country has ever done No president no governor no mayor Has ever taken the politics out of whether you have a right to have a gun or not and recognize the dignity of human beings is first and most important And because of that, let us thank this man Let us thank him right now for his work Yesterday a number of elected officials gathered in philadelphia. They should have To comment and demand changes on long-awaited Rules regarding our guns Today we gather rather than Waiting and reacting we are acting for the first time on behalf of a nation And most importantly on behalf of a very very scared public On average there is a human being who's murdered every single day in pennsylvania by a gun These people reside across pennsylvania And I will also tell you that unfortunately the five officers or six officers who were shot in that neighborhood Literally the next day Five more people were shot And to the commissioner's point This is a long-standing crisis That is not going to be recognized by the national press and frankly not many people at all We stood there at a conference talking about the five officers But those five people who were murdered or in our shot the same day in the same neighborhood Didn't hit the today's show The morning shows or any national press But they're still human beings They're not drug dealers They're not criminals They're grandmothers. There's parents. There's children. We're being murdered every day in pennsylvania Philadelphia eerie harrisburg york butler county clearfield county have all suffered this epidemic of gun violence either through suicides domestic violence Community carnage like we see in philadelphia This is a stain on humanity and the fault line Is that what we were required to do constitutionally? to protect citizens american citizens foreign And domestically We have failed We've allowed our perspective on a inanimate object to be the focus of our attention a gun As to as opposed to the human beings that are being sacrificed at the altar of politics Understand that This message is not about taking your gun. This is about preserving a life This is not a democrat. No republican perspective. This is not an urban nor a royal perspective. This is not a black or white This is about death Death in a country that is the greatest country in the world That we irresponsibly have not acted upon this plan Talks about all the complex levels That one must engage in if they truly are to reduce this level of gun violence in america Understand something there will be those who will react to this press conference and will suggest that what can you do about well The same thing you could do about reducing gun violence is the same billions of dollars we spent on cancer billions of dollars on cancer Billions of dollars on getting to the moon Nothing without a guarantee but a commitment to the dignity and human experience on this earth That's what this plan represents It is layered in in very sophisticated ways. It touches the bond one's mental health One's desires one's angers policing human services and community engagement But most importantly, I want people in my neighborhood to understand tonight tonight You have a governor and a government Which has heard you and is responding And is putting one of the most experienced Sage wise people in charge charles ramsey To guide us on this grand experiment I cannot tell you how grateful we are that charles ramsey has decided to come out of retirement again for the 99th time Okay To guide us on this experience, but I could not be any more impressed with the person that the governor has chosen I will close with this It is my hope and my prayer That I one day can stand at a microphone before I retire To say that we've done some effective work In this measurement of reducing gun violence in america and pennsylvania and certainly in philadelphia But as long as this work remains As long as this crisis exists All of us will remain vigilant We will return to the general assembly to have those debates over what we do with guns But most importantly today for the first time in the nation A single soul stood up for the true integrity of life A man that I will always be grateful for my governor tom wolf I want to thank him and his staff again for their work My partner in the senate Who'll be fighting these battles of a gun reform legislation that we will all be acting upon A true leader in the greatest sense of the word and it was allowed me to pen paper Pen to paper when it came to those claims and concerns my friend senator j costa Thank you very much senator Williams, and I truly appreciate those very kind comments And it's certainly been a pleasure for me to stand with you and our caucus As you take on the leadership role as it relates to how we address this very important issue So thank you for your work that you're doing and your consistent commitment to do them better making certain that we do better collectively Governor wolf, thank you for standing up and doing what needs to be done Folks, let's be clear There's never been and probably won't be for a long time a more meaningful more significant Executive order penned by any governor in this country than what we're seeing today Let's be clear The governor and his team And I want to thank commissioner ramsey for stepping forward to be able to implement what needs to be done in the various programs We're talking about but when you think about the very thoughtful comprehensive approach That the governor's taking to try to address this really important issue of gun violence in our commonwealth I applaud him and I applaud his folks for the work that they're doing But more importantly what's going to happen as we go forward to implement this It will need the support of so many folks in our community It'll need to support certainly of the agencies who will be responsible for administering some of the programs that we talked about It'll be important for our legislative body to work and provide the resources not just this year But as we go forward to make certain that they're able to implement the programs that you're talking about to continue to allow us to remain safe It's going to be important as I look at and I see mom's Demand action and I think about ceasefire and all the organizations that have been working very closely With us to be able to try to make certain that we raise the awareness How important it is for us to address gun violence and address some of the things that the governor's talking about It's certainly about gun violence in our community and as senator williams talked about my home community city of pittsburgh We certainly suffered with our tragedies that were very high profile But we also recognize day after day after day when I look at the post gazette Or I look at the tribune review newspaper when I wake up in the morning and one of the headlines One of the stories that came from the night before some person was shot somewhere in our region It happens every day. It happens throughout this commonwealth in our country This governor this executive order are going to take steps to address that so I thank them For being able to do that But it's also about many other areas senator williams talked about and the commissioner talked about suicide When you think about two-thirds of suicides in this commonwealth in this country are done with guns Access to these weapons are extremely important to be able to reduce that as much as possible The investments that we're going to make in mental health community mental health making certain that we're able to address and talk to folks And have the idea of what's taking place in our neighborhoods in our community And the data that that will be coming from that type of interaction with people in our neighborhoods in our community Is so extremely important to allow us to implement the things that commissioner ramsey will be working on That's what this is about And then the legislative side while we've not taken the steps that we should have We're going to continue to fight on our senate floors We do every time we get there and we talk about what steps we can take as the legislative body To supplement or to complement the work that the governor and this executive order will do Extreme risk orders and some of the things that I think Three-fourths of the general public recognizes we should be doing We should take the time to be able to enact these things that are really supportive by the public Democrat republicans urban rural doesn't matter but things like extreme risk orders The governor talked about gun buyback programs. We talked about safe storage legislation We've talked about universal background checks Those are the some of the things that we need to be talking about in the legislature and I call upon my colleagues As so many others have have done over the course of the past several weeks to stand up Step forward allow us to have a conversation and that definition about some of these issues and how we move forward If you don't want to stand up and do it let those of us who want to work along with the folks Who are here today who i'm so very proud to stand with let us take the lead Let us address these issues. Let's get to work and get things done governor Thank you for being such a thoughtful way in which you're addressing this and it's going to be a model for the rest of the country Thank you It's my honor to introduce someone who's working in the senate and while working in the house Who's been an outstanding job is the house whip house democratic whip representative from philadelphia jordan harris let me First thank governor wolf for his action On this today. This is not a first step Governor i remember i think it was almost two years ago now When we walked in southwest philadelphia and i showed you what far too many philadelphians know And that's the candles and the teddy bears that Are makeshift memorials to the lives that are lost in my city See in philadelphia When someone loses their life the community comes together and they put teddy bears and they put candles and Handwritten notes to memorialize the life that was lost there We went there about two years ago and then we sat and we talked with Family members that had lost their loved ones to gun violence. We talked to the doctors In the er who are charged daily with trying to save these lives. We talked to the morticians Who have to comfort the family we talked to the clergymen Who have to try to stand and give a word? When someone tragically loses their life, we then started the gun violence reduction initiative a grant program throughout the state To go to municipalities to help them Lower the gun violence that they see in their cities So i thank you governor not just for today, but for all of the work That you've been doing and that we've been doing to address this issue But the fact is clear that gun violence is still One of the most prevalent issues in our country In the city of philadelphia We are in a public health crisis. We are under attack when it comes to gun violence Just this year so far our homicide rate is up by four percent data has shown us that through July over the last five years, we've had six thousand and nine hundred two people shot in the city philadelphia You know the definition of mass shootings according to the gun violence archives is when four or more people are shot in one incidence well in my city Just this year in my city We've had eight mass shootings eight mass shootings in philadelphia Four people were shot outside of a takeout restaurant along south 31st street in south philadelphia in my district Several blocks from where I live four people were shot Five people were shot walking down the street in north philadelphia on may tiff on the weekend On a weekend there were 28 people shot in 19 different incidents of gun violence in philadelphia Six were shot in one incident with one fatally shot at a graduation party in southwest philadelphia a graduation party Four people were shot at the intersection Just a few blocks away from my home seven people were shot at a cookout In the overbrook section on july 13th six people were shot one fatally In elmwood as they gathered to shoot a music video on july 28th And yes, we know about the national headlines about what happened to our police officers And we stand with those brave men and women Who work every single day to protect our city? We stand with them But just 24 hours later there were five people shot Only two miles away from that incident No news camera No no no national Stories picked up that shooting Or any of the other ones So today the first thing I want to say is to all of the people in philadelphia and erie and harrisburg and york And in pittsburgh across this commonwealth.  I will be the first to run to the floor and cast a yes vote But here's one thing that I will not do We cannot abdicate our responsibility to govern We cannot abdicate our responsibility to stand up to use our voice but to also use our action just because we don't have All of the gun laws that we want because we have some of those laws And the truth of the matter is in my city in those mass shootings It wasn't an automatic weapon that shot those folks. It was the handguns That we see far too many of in the city of philadelphia So I will not abdicate the responsibility that we have to govern today and to protect all of the citizens of philadelphia and all across this commonwealth you know, I was I was I was I was talking on social media to some of my folks and one of the young men said One of the incidents that happened yesterday Wasn't that big of a deal The people were just in the wrong place at the wrong time And far too often we hear that Oh, we're sorry. What happened. They were just at the wrong place the wrong time Well, the truth of the matter is if you live in the city of philadelphia Any place any time could be the wrong place in the wrong time and that must change This is not a this is this ain't democrat or republican Let me be clear. I don't care what your political party is I live in a city where mothers send their kids to school not knowing if they'll come home at night I live in a city where you can't even sit on your porch safely Without ducking and dodging bullets A few years ago.  I have to go home to a place Where my life is not safe And it's far too many pennsylvania is doing that on a daily basis Whatever it takes whatever we have to do Wherever we will have to go I will go I will take any and everyone that wants to go because this must stop It must end. There are far too many victims There are far too many people who have lost their life to gun violence in the commonwealth of pennsylvania Time is out for the talk We have to do action and we have to do it now And I'm so thankful that it starts with our governor and all of you who have been working on this issue God bless you. Thank you Representative uh, dan frankle from uh, alganica Thank you. Thank you, jordan and thank you to my colleagues. Uh, I think I think you get a sense Of the depth of importance to this How this issue resonates with my colleagues, uh, and that's a reflection of how it resonates With our constituents in the people pennsylvania I want to thank my colleagues who are here today who have been champions on this issue And I want to single out one one particular person our newest member of the pennsylvania democratic caucus Moveda johnson harrell who is Co-chair of the pa safe caucus a group of legislators Many of whom are here today who are working on a gun safety agenda and she knows personally From her own experience With her family What what this issue means and how it's impacted her and her community? And I think you've heard that from everybody my community Jay costas community experienced A tragedy of enormous proportions in one of those mass shootings That we experienced Back on october 27th 2018 10 months ago Coming up to that anniversary And I will tell you that when I go to speak to my constituents When I go to speak around the state Between what took place in pittsburgh what takes place daily on our streets the mass shootings in allentown in philadelphia What took place yesterday In philadelphia with our police officers The one thing I hear consistently is what are you going to do about it? What are you our elected officials going to do about it? The people of pennsylvania are begging us to do something to protect them from gun violence and today Governor wolf answered that call. Thank you, governor By collaborating between government agencies Collecting and analyzing data and launching public education campaigns This administration is addressing gun violence as an emergency level public health crisis With these executive orders Our governor is marshaling every possible administrative tool to reduce our shameful levels of death and injury Due to gun violence and I want to make sure that people understand that In our cities which experiences every day. We also have this in rural areas The rates of gun death In our rural areas are exactly the same as they are in urban areas They're just from different different reasons in our rural areas. It's from suicide So we have an interest across this this is by this should be bipartisan It is not about urban versus rural. We are in this together I believe that these measures that the governor is proposing today While falling short of what I think we should be doing as a legislature will save lives But they do not take the place of the reforms that the general assembly has refused to take up We currently have about two dozen reasonable common sense Reform bills languishing in the house without so much as a committee hearing There's so much more the pennsylvania legislature can do to prevent tragedies We could make it possible to temporarily remove guns from the grass of people in crisis We could make background checks truly universal or we could simply allow municipalities To do to decide what gun laws are right for their communities and I should also Mention when you take a look at what took place in Dayton in particular In a in a matter of less than 60 seconds Nine people were murdered 27 people were seriously injured because of high powered assault style weapons with With large magazines We need to do something about it when you look at the injuries That took place the the when you read about the injuries of those individuals who were wounded in Dayton Or were wounded in Pittsburgh or wounded other places the devastation caused by these High powered weapons is unbelievable and it is a public health crisis. We need to do something about it But the these are just a few of the bills that would help the state of pennsylvania better protect its residents and while these allow We still would allow law-abiding individuals to be basically own Reasonable firearms and I want to say that as we take a look at this agenda That goes beyond What the governor is able to do today to the aspirational issues that we talk about in terms of a legislative agenda Some people say that it's unrealistic I got to tell you what there are people here today in this room who knows what can be done with powerful advocacy We got a piece of legislation done a meaningful piece of legislation in the last session of the legislature That takes firearms out of the hands of people who are subject to Protection from abuse order that piece of legislation will save Hundreds of lives in pennsylvania and it is a tribute to the level of advocacy By the folks for mom's demand action and ceasefire pa. They showed us the roadmap. We can get this done It is possible to do things in pennsylvania legislatively. They showed us how to do it But We still today have that agenda in front of us, but today governor tom wolf Took important steps for a safer world I'm so grateful to him to be able to take the steps that he has within his power And to help us and to encourage us in the legislature to take it to the next step Tomorrow let us carry this inspiration forward and ask the question again. What are we doing to reduce gun violence? Thank you. Governor wilson So I am going to sign the executive order. Then I'll come back and all of us will take questions from the podium


Fenreg lab is proud to present proposed research into the use of federated machine learning to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and fairness of the global bank secrecy act and anti money laundering regimes. We aim to evaluate the use of federated machine learning in the context of transaction monitoring as one prototype for implementation across BSA and AML disciplines. This research will help to address threshold questions about whether using federated machine learning respects privacy and data localization laws and results in metrics by which we can measure the performance and inclusion effects of the technology. The research will also help to evaluate the development of federated machine learning approaches across BSA and AML disciplines, including an important topic of customer onboarding, where it may be useful to use non traditional information to verify potential customers identities. We see a unique opportunity to reimagine the role of the central bank of the future as one that promotes responsible adoption of advanced technologies and actively supports financial inclusion. Imagine an approach to improving BSA and AML risk detection that leverages sophisticated technology to increase the predictiveness and efficiency of risk detection systems that enables firms and regulators to learn from each other without sharing sensitive or protected data. That enhances firms ability to identify accurately real risks and to reduce unfounded risk reporting and to improve firms risk reward calculus when making decisions about whether to serve specific markets. So what's the global context. The BSA AML framework serves vital national interest in preventing those intent on doing harm, whether that's through terrorism money laundering fraud or human trafficking from using the global financial system for those illegal purposes. But not withstanding enormous investment in and attention to BSA and AML risk detection systems. The system is broken firms invest enormous resources to satisfy BSA and AML requirements, but get little feedback on the quality of their risk reporting. Worldwide firms spend $181 billion on financial crime compliance. However, of the estimated $2 trillion laundered every year globally, we catch less than 1% of it. So what's the formula for de-risking. Two key factors have driven firms out of operating in certain markets. One, the inherent difficulty and additional cost of risk rating activity that occurs outside mainstream forms of finance, especially in connection with money services businesses. Two, the regulatory risks and the reputational impact for firms related to being connected to illicit financial activities. As a result, globally correspondent banking relationships have fallen 25% since 2009. 25% of banks in emerging markets have reported correspondent banking losses. What's the true cost of that. It's the consumers. Consumers are all too often left behind, especially those in jurisdictions that firms categorically refuse to serve because operating there brings too much risk and too little reward. Or when individuals identities cannot be verified using traditional methods. Retrenchment of correspondent banking is enormously important to financial inclusion because correspondent banking relationships relate both directly to remittance transfer services and foreign direct investment. This creates no small problem. Almost 2 billion adults around the world are underbanked, excuse me unbanked. Approximately 30% of the adult population globally does not have an account from which they can safely transact, save or access credit. And importantly, humanitarian organizations have lost access to financial services as a result of de-risking. But the underbanked population globally, if served, could be worth as much as $380 billion to the firms that are able to serve these markets. So what's happening today? Here's an illustration of transaction reporting. Each institution's picture of risk patterns reflects its own experience with illicit activities. Institutions won't necessarily know about patterns that their competitors are picking up, or what government knows about which transactions flagged are actually suspicious or actually real. Firms get little timely feedback on the accuracy of the reports they submit, and the result is that firms lack the most powerful information for improving their risk detection capabilities. That is timely information about confirmed problems. So imagine transaction monitoring that is more effective, efficient and fair. In this scenario, the central bank acts as a utility like hub. Powerful computers combined with smart algorithms could be deployed to evaluate data at different institutions to understand risk patterns. Algorithms would move between the participating firms to pick up the patterns and learn from the risk at each institution. All of this could be done without sharing sensitive or protected data. So what is federated machine learning? The central bank creates a classification algorithm. That algorithm trains on each participating firms data. The central bank develops a key model and model parameters that reflect insights from all participating firms and from the data in possession of the government. The central bank distributes the key model and model parameters to the participating firms while the data stays in each of the institutions. So core benefits. There are many. I'll call out just a few. Federated machine learning expands the data set on which the detection algorithm is trained without exchanging any of that underlying data. The accuracy of the process used to evaluate individuals and businesses at the application stage and to detect illicit transaction activity is markedly improved. The obstacles to collaboration among firms are reduced and firms are able to enter and serve new markets responsibly. So what do these tech solutions offer for financial inclusion goals and the global regulators? First, increased confidence in the effectiveness of transaction monitoring and in those systems abilities to identify real illicit activities. Improved deficiencies for the firms, the institutions and the regulators and greater ability to adhere to jurisdictional data privacy goals and expectations. Finally, an open door for firms to responsibly serve more markets and to let more good customers into the financial system. So how do we get there? We need research now to establish whether federated machine learning promise can be implemented in ways that deliver BSA and AML regimes that are more efficient, more effective and enable greater financial inclusion.