So in this session we will talk about what is the Android application, what we are using in tracker capture. And we will also talk about, we will also demonstrate you how to install the Android application in your device. Then we will see how to capture the data using the Android application. The first thing we will be talking about is how to search the track entity instance in the Android application. Then we will talk about how to register a new track entity. Then we will talk about the person's track entity dashboard that we have for the particular program. Then we will talk about how to enter the data for different events within a program stage. And then we see how to, how to complete the enrollment within the system. And then we will talk about the relationships, how you can create the relationship between two different programs. And then we will see how to enroll a single track entity in multiple programs. And at the end we will also talk about the offline data mode. So when I say Android, Android application for DHS to this application is majorly being used as online and offline in both ways. So when I say offline, we only need the internet for two times. One is to log in into the application and then to sync the data into the server. Now the introduction to Android application. This is the DHS to Android application is the mobile application basically to function smoothly with your DHS instance. Now this has different data models one is the aggregate system and then you have tracker programs and even programs. This works both on offline and online mode and your metadata is automatically synced when you're using the offline mode whenever you're getting an internet access. Now we will first talk about how to install the application. Yeah. So you almost have got this area where you have two different links to install the application there are two different ways. One, you can install the application using the Google Play Store and other one is the GitHub link that you have. So I'll demonstrate you how to install the application using the Google Play and using this the second link you can install the application by GitHub as well. So please allow me two minutes to project my Android. I hope you all can see my screen now. Now I'll show you how to install the application using Google Play Store. You go to the Play Store type DHS to capture. And then the second one, you can see the second application, click on the application and install the application in your device. So once you install this application on your device, you will see on the application menu, click on the application. You have to define your link, server URL, and then define your username and password. So once you define your username and password, click on login. Then this application will sync all the latest configurations and the and the data being entered. And now you will see an area where you will see all the three programs that you have in the system. So the very first thing that I will be explaining is how to actually search an existing track entity in the system for that select the second program. This one COVID-19 case based surveillance. And then you will see all the list of the benefit beneficiaries already registered in the system. Now to search the existing beneficiary, you first need to go to the right hand side corner button. Click on this button. You will see an area where there are some fields defined already, which you can use and search an existing record. You can define anything from these fields. I will define the first name and click on search button. So once you click on the search button on the right hand side corner, you will see the system will. Project you the existing beneficiaries already registered. You can click on the beneficiary. And then the system will take you to the dashboard page of the existing beneficiary. Now you see within the COVID-19 case based surveillance program you have different programs events. Now on the on the last area. You have four different widgets for different areas. The first is the area where you can see all the all the program stages of that particular program. The second one will be the indicator area, the analytics area where if you click, you will see the indicators defined for that particular beneficiary. And, and this part is the relationship area. If you have created any relationship for that particular beneficiary with two different programs, then you will see the relationship here which I will be explaining later. And then the last part are the notes for that particular beneficiary you can create. Now we will go back to the dashboard. And if you want to check any existing profile information for that particular beneficiary, you can click on see details. This area will show you the profile information for that person. You will see the enrollment data the person was enrolled at which date the organization unit and the coordinates for that person. Now the second part is to see the registration details of the existing beneficiary you click on this registration. You will see all the required information filled for that particular beneficiary already register. Now we will go back and see how to register a new beneficiary in the system. The same way, we will select our program. So once you make the selection, the same way you will see there's an I the same icon to search or to add the particular beneficiary. So the system will first ask you to search from the list just to avoid any duplication of the record in the system. So once you click on the search button, you will again see the area where you can define any of the field to search an existing beneficiary or add a new beneficiary. So first I will write my first name. And then I will define my last name. So to add I would first need to search the beneficiary if it is present already. I click on this search button the system will show me that there is no existing beneficiary present in the system. Then I will click on this plus button on the right hand side corner and add a new beneficiary. Now the same way, we talked about in the tracker capture that the same way we will define the organization unit first where I want to register my beneficiary and then click on accept. Now I will have to define the enrollment date of the person. And then once you define your date click on accept. My system will take me to a page where I would need to fill the registration information of the beneficiary. Now the first area will show me which organization unit and which what was the my registration date I entered and the latitude and longitude if I want to mention. And the second part will show me all the registration details I want I want to enter for the particular beneficiary. Now, the first name and last name I have already defined I'll define my date of birth. The system will automatically calculate the age. Then define your country and address and your phone number. Once you enter all the details you go to this right hand side corner save button click there. And then the system will show you at which organization unit you're entering the data. And if you want to update this update the date of consultation and the organization unit you can see in this part. So, once I save the registration information the system will directly take me to the first program stage of this particular beneficiary. And if you need to change the event date or the date of consultation you can select from this calendar and change the date of the first event otherwise if this looks fine then you can click on update. The system will take me to the first program stage of this particular program where the first section will define the clinical science and symptoms. If there are any science and symptoms present you can select yes, and then define the symptoms date. If there's any fever or cough. I will define the details for the next program state section which is the pregnancy details. Once you fill the details of the pregnancy, we will talk about the underlying conditions. If there is any underlying condition, you can define in this section. Once you fill all the details, we will have the hospitalization section. If the person was hospitalized, then you define all the required details. You can search the hospital name from this hierarchy and click accept. And then if the person was having an exposure risk, and if the person is having any travel history then you define everything in this section. From here you can select the country of exposure in the sign on set of the symptoms which is already taken. Once you fill all the details of that particular section, you will also see the status of the information filled in all these sections. So I have filled 64% of the details in this section. Now you go to the right-hand side corner, there will be a button to complete this form. When you click this button, you will have two different options. One is the finishing complete and one is complete. So when I say finish and complete, if you are sure that you have filled all the information and you would not require to come back and edit the information in future, you can click on finish and complete. And if you would need to edit the record in future, then you can just click finish and go back to the menu. Okay, I will click on finish and complete. So once I do that, the system will automatically take me to the dashboard area where I will see that my clinical examination and diagnosis event is created for the beneficiary. Now the same way, what you can do, you can add the lab request program stage by clicking on this plus button. You will see two different areas, one is to add a new program stage and one is to refer the person with this program stage to other facility. The same way we did for the web application. Now here I click on add new and the system will show me if I want to edit the event date, the date of lab request, I can click here and edit the date accordingly or else. If I want to edit the organization unit, then also I can click here and edit the organization unit. So once you define your event date, you click on the next button on the right hand side corner. Now the system will take me to all the program stage sections that I have for this particular program stage. Now in this section, the first thing will be asked is reason for testing the COVID-19, you select your reason. Then there are some skip projects applied. Accordingly the specimen details you can define and then you can define the test request details which test was performed or requested. Now you see I filled all the information so I have the status as 100%. The system shows me that there are all that all the questions are being filled. And the same way we will go down to the right hand side corner and click on this button. The same way we will see finish and complete and finish. So I would click on finish and complete since I do not have any more information to be filled in future. And you will see my events are created for these two. Now the same way I can create another event for lab result and health outcomes. So I click on this button and the same way I can define my report date for this particular program stage and click on next and fill all the information like we did for the previous stage and then we can finish the stage. I hope it's clear. If you have any questions you can write in chat form. If you want to see the detail of this person again the enrollment details you can click on see details. This part see details and check on the profile details of this person if you want to make any changes you can do this. Otherwise you can click on the save button. So this is how you register a new person in the system and create the multiple events that you have. And if you want to complete this whole enrollment you can click on this right inside area on the three dots.  And once I click complete my enrollment will be completed for this program. And if I want to enroll the same person in different programs I will again go to this dot three dots on the right inside corner. I will click on my program enrollments. And then I will see there are three different programs I can enroll. So from the case based surveillance I will enroll my program to contact registration follower. I will click on enroll the system will ask me which date you want to enroll the person. You select the enrollment date and click on accept then the system will ask me for the part for the organization unit. Then you select your organization unit and click on accept. Now my system my person will be enrolled into different program one is the case based surveillance and another one is the contact registration and follow up the same way. If you want to edit the attribute information the attributes of the particular person then you can click on the attribute and edit the information and click on save or else you can directly click on save. Now the system will take me directly to the program stage of my program. In the same way you fill up all the information is required here. Relation with the case and the exposure assessments. And once you do that the system will ask you for more information. Now, once you enter the data, you click on the save button. Now finish and complete the same way we did for the previous stages. And my system my person is enrolled into different program one is the COVID-19 contact registration. Other one is the case based surveillance. I hope it's fine till now we can take a five minutes break and then we will move ahead with further details. Please feel free to ask any question if you have. Hello, I have posted my question on the chat box. Yes, so the viewers will be same and the password for Android is already defined in the learner's guide that you have received. I hope you all have installed the application from the Play Store. If you're facing any issue to install the application, please let us know. So are we still in the application. You're unable to install the application. Just a few minutes. Yeah, you're shocked. Please see this is the icon which you will get on the Play Store to install the application. I hope you all are okay with the application. Yes, it's there. So username password and the link is already defined. Please check the chat. You will be able to see. Okay, so I see one comment. I'm using the book. Okay. So you're using the same user name and password. I shared the URL. Please use that. I hope now everybody is fine. We can start. Okay. So I'll display my screen. Yes. So till now we have gone through the registration part of the beneficiary into the program. Then we have filled the details of the program stages that we have for the for the program. And then we have seen how to end rule the person from one program to another. So I'll again quickly brief how we did that. I hope you all are fine with the indoor application installed in logged in. So once you log in, you will see this page. We will have three different programs over here. The very first thing that we did was to I didn't I mean to look for an existing beneficiary in the system for the case code 19 case based surveillance program. So to do that, you click on the program. Once you click on the program, you will see the list of the beneficiaries registered in the system within this program. Once to search an existing program, you will see this search and plus button on the right hand side corner. You click on this right hand side corner button, then you enter the detail with which detail you want to search the person from the list. And once you type the detail, you click on this search button, and you will see the person already exist in the program. You will the system will take you to the dashboard part where you will see there are different program stages in this COVID-19 case based surveillance. And you will also see an area to see the details the registration details of that person who is already registered. And once you click on the C details, you will have two different areas where the enrollment details are defined the case registration detail of that person, the organization unit at which the person was registered. And the coordinates. The second part is the registration details. Once you click on the registration part, you will see all the profile information entered for that person. So this is how you search an existing beneficiary in the system. The second part, what we did was to register a new beneficiary. Now to register a new beneficiary, you will again go back to the same page where you where you have three different programs defined. And to register again, select your program. Once you select your program the same way you will go to the right hand side corner search and add button. This one and click on this button, you will again see all the defined areas from which you can search or add a new person. So the system will first ask you to search so that you will not enter a duplicate record. Now to add one, I will type the name, the first name and the last name and click on the search and plus button on the right hand side corner. You see this button. This is to first search and if the person is not present in the system, then you will add this person. Once you click the system will tell you that the same person is not already present in the system. And then to add this person in the system, you will click on this plus button. And then you select your organization unit where you want to register the enrollment date. The person will be enrolled in the system. The same way you define your registration information and click on the save button once you define all these information. Once you define the registration information, the system will take you directly to the first program stage that is the clinical examination and diagnosis of that person. And the system will also ask you to edit or enter the date of consultation. So depending upon the visit you can select your date of consultation and define your organization. The organization unit will be the same which will you define while enrolling the person in the system and then click on update. The same way you will see all the program stages for this for all the program stage sections for this particular program and once you fill all the details, then you go to, once you fill all the section details, you go to the right hand side corner, save button and click here. And then the system will ask you if you want to finish and complete or finish so if you're sure that you would not need to come back and again edit the record then you click on finish and complete and if you would need some information. If you need some information to be added in future then you click on finish. So for now we will click on finish and complete. The system will show you the patient dashboard here. And like I told you already you can add multiple events by clicking on this plus button. You have different events for this particular program first you enter the details for clinical examination and diagnosis then there is an area where you can define the lab request details then you define the lab results and health outcomes so by when you click on this blood plus button you can add this particular program stage. I also told you how to complete the enrollment you click on the three dots on the right hand side corner. And you will see an area from which you can complete this record. So once you click the enrollment will be completed. In the same way you can enroll this person to another program. You click on these three dots available on the right hand side corner where you will see the fourth option to program enrollments click here you will see the list of other programs and show this button you can click on the program to enroll. So once you click on the enrollment button the system will ask you for the enrollment date for that particular program. You select your enrollment date and click accept define your organization unit and accept this. And then the system will show you all the registration information that you filled while registering the person the case based surveillance program. So if you if you think that these information looks fine. You can just directly click on save. Otherwise if you want to edit this information you can select the field and edit and then click on save button on the right hand side corner. Now my person is enrolled in both the programs. One is the case based surveillance and one is the registration and followers. Now if you go back, then you will see the dashboard page for that particular program the contact registration and follow up. If you click on these three dots, you will be able to see your person also enrolled in your case based surveillance program. So through this you can see that your person is enrolled in two different programs. Now if you want to create a relationship between two different programs, you have this area. The registration the same way like in that you create relationship in Android also you can create a relationship between two different programs. So if you think that the contact the person came in contact. Then you select and then you click on the plus button has been in contact. Then the system will take you to the list of the beneficiaries already registered in the system. And through these list you can select your person or also or you can go to this area select define your particular program where you want to create the relationship. And once you define the system will filter all the beneficiaries registered in this program and then select your your beneficiary. And now this is the relationship will be created with this beneficiary and between two different programs contact registration and follow and case based surveillance. Now we will go back to the dashboard part, and you can switch anytime to different programs by these three dots. And you can directly go to the other program using this area. So since this is in both offline and online data entry so you can register your person without internet connection. Once you log in using the internet connection. You can register the person into the system without the internet connection and then when you get the access of the internet connection that data will be synced to the server and you will have your record permanently in the system.  You will see there is a great there are two different gray areas, this shows that the data is only present in my device not on the server. In this data, you click on this, these two arrow, this will show you the data is stored in your device only does not sync the server. So this is one day you can send the data only for the record that you have entered. Click on the same button. And now this will turn the gray arrow will turn into green that means the record you entered is now is now sent to the server and not only present in your device but also on the server. So this is one part where how you can sync the data this if you want to sync only the enrollment that you have made then you use this and if you want to sync multiple registrations then we have another area how to sync till now if you have any question. We can take those questions or any doubt. Okay, so I see a comment takes a while to sing yet that that depends on the internet connection that you have. If you have installed the application please try from your end, try to register a person, and then enter the details of all the events that you have, and then try to sync the data. Any question till now. I just take a moment to show the world of the day. Just give me a minute. Hey everyone, the word of the day is back there. It's one of the vaccines being used in the open region. So the spell it as it is, we capital rest or small and please make sure you mark your attendance for today on model. I've also added this on the zoom chat as well and then it's currently on the screen as well. Please do mark your attendance for today. Yeah. I hope it's clear for all of you and I hope you're not facing any error while logging into the application. Let's proceed further. So now we will see how to sync the whole I mean the bulk entries that we have in the system till now we have seen how to sync the particular program you registered the beneficiary in. You have registered 10 for, let's say for example you have been, you have registered 10 beneficiaries in the system and if you want to sync all the data, then you have another area, which you can define. Go to this three different three lines on the left hand side corner click on these three lines, you will see this area, click on setting. So once you click on setting you will see there are different options. So from this area, you can sync the data manually. Click on sync data. Once you click the system will show you that the all the track entity which you have entered in the system are being sent. And the system will also show you the status. So in this area you will see you will see that the last synchronization was done at 13122610.  Now you will see that all the beneficiaries registered in the system are sync to server and you will be able to see those records in the web version. We also have another option on the right hand side corner from which you can filter your record from the list, you can filter your record using the event date. You can filter your record using the registration date your organization unit. You can define your particular organization unit at which you want to see your person. You can also see how many records are saved in the system, you cannot. And through the enrollment status, if the person is active or the record is completed or cancer. Then you have even status, if the event is scheduled or if you have any open event, you can filter the records. And then there are more options to follow up with the person we have features in the Android application. You can check the records we have entered in using the Android application if they're available on the web application will log in using the same username and password. And then we go to the tracker capture application from the application menu. Then select your organization unit, you can directly, you can select your program and then you will see multiple records being registered in the system. You can directly see from the list or you can search from the search button. Let's say we entered the record for Jim Curry, and then click on search. The person is registered in the system for case based surveillance and the contact registration and follow up. So this is how you register the person using the enrolled application, send your data, and then the person will be enrolled. The person will be sent to the server. I hope till now it's clear for all of you. Please feel free to ask any question you have regarding the application. So you have to be very sure why we also have an area which is log out so you have to be very sure that you have sent all your data into the server before you log out from the application. If you will not sink your data to the server and log out without thinking it then you will lose your data entered on your device.  I hope it's clear for all of you we can move ahead. Any questions till now. So now we have seen how to register the person when we have the internet connection. The last is to explore the offline mobile data mobile application. So what we will do we will switch off the internet connection. And once we do. So once you switch off the internet connection, you will be able to register the person in the system, but you will not be able to think the data into the server. What you'll do, you will click on the registration program, the vaccine registration program, the same way you will go to the right inside corner, select your search or add button. To do that, you will have different areas to define to search the beneficiary from the system or to add a new one. Define your beneficiary. Click on search button the system will show you that the record is not present in the system, and then click on the plus button the same way to find your organization unit and click accept, define your program attributes. And then you will see the dashboard part. So the same workflow will be followed with the offline version like you did during the online online version. So once you get the internet connection that all the details you feel here will be sent to the server and then only you can log out from the from the Android application before that if you log out you will lose all your data. So this arrow shows me that the record I entered is not get synced with the server. And once you get the internet connection you can click on this arrow and send this data to the server and your data will be synced to the server. Any doubt any question. Excuse me. Yes, please. I can't log into the app. I don't know that's the error coming for this. Is it Precker capture? Yeah, it is DHIS capture application on Play Store. DHIS capture. Yeah, right. Please try from your end to register or to search an existing beneficiary and to edit the detail or to add a new program stage. And try to sync the data. I hope you all are able to log in and you can register the person. So if you understand the workflow of tracker capture the programs and the program stages and the program sections then the Android application is very easy for you to understand. I request you all to please enter one record or two records and then just let us know if you're facing any difficulties or any issue or you have any question. Try to register a person and then enroll in different programs create different program events. Okay, so I see devices still syncing after logging in. If you're facing issue after logging in then try to clear the application cache from the app information and try again entering the username and password. Okay everyone so with this we come to the end of the day two of our academy. So there are a few tasks that you have to complete. By the end of the day probably like so first thing is today we had few graded assignments so we have two graded assignments one for the web tracker capture and the next one for the Android capture. Then please kindly fill the feedback so feedback we have now each day we have feedback. I assume like there were a few of you who could not fill the feedback for yesterday's session so please do that because on databases we go through the feedback and we try to improve ourselves so please fill the feedback for both the days. And also in case if you encounter any issues while doing the questions or like even like if you want to go through the video again if you have any issues please ask them on Slack we will answer them on the Slack itself so that it will be visible to everyone. And also please mark the attendance we have already mentioned the word of the day. Yeah, so that's all that we need you to do and see you tomorrow same time 12 noon you just added time. Have a good day bye bye.


Our next caller is Wei from Australia. Hey, what's up, Wei? How can we help you? Hey, guys, how's it going? So my initial question I asked included, but was not limited to whether I should begin looking for a different coach who was qualified up to the standards and so far as my goals were concerned. So my current coach, I feel like, does not really possess the positive knowledge regarding diet and fitness in the academic sense. Yeah, in our most recent check-in, I interrogated a notion about time under tension and high tempo in virtually all of my exercises. Yeah, so I just wanted to know what you guys thought. Perhaps you guys have an abstract idea of where the preponderance of studies lie in regards to the efficacy of time under tension for building muscle. Okay, now what are you hiring this coach for? I've seen your original question that you sent us that it looks like you're trying to compete in a physique competition. National classic physique, yes. Okay, so you got yourself a coach that trains people to compete, correct? He has regular clients, but he himself has competed, so I thought that with this combination of experience and experience on stage and experience with other clients, I thought we might do well together. Well, I tell you what, so something I learned when we started Mind Pumping, I started working with Adam. So Adam, obviously a trainer, lots of experience like I had training everyday people, but also competed as a pro, and I can't wait to hear what he says, but what I got from working with him was, holy cow, there's a lot more to competing than just working out and diet that I would have never known because I didn't have the experience coaching other people to compete. There's a big difference between coaching yourself and coaching other people, so I'm gonna defer to Adam because this is something he's very experienced in. Well, first of all, because you're asking a question around time and attention and we can get into all that detail, but I'll tell you right away that a majority of the coaches, especially online coaches in the bodybuilding space are pretty terrible. Even the ones that have tremendous experience, pros, even the ones that have been on the Olympia stage, like a lot of these guys, they have figured it out for themselves, what they need to do to get their bodies to where they can win a show. That does not mean that they are good at coaching another person, nor does it mean they know probably the healthiest and smartest approach either. So if you're already questioning his knowledge or what he's telling you, your gut instincts are probably right. He's probably not very good at what he's doing because a really good coach, if he's telling you, no, don't do this or hey, you should do this, should also be able to back it up why we're doing this from a science perspective. I mean, so, and here's the thing too, you have to keep in mind that competitive bodybuilding is a sport. I know some people like to argue that and say it's not, yes it is, it's a sport. And so it's not healthy technically for you. So there's gonna be some things that are conflicting with science that supports the healthiest or the best way to do things also. This is a bit nuanced, right? It's not as cut and dry as like, here's what the science says. And so this is what you should do. Well, you're playing a sport and sports aren't healthy for the body. And so sometimes you're doing things to manipulate the look of your body more so than following the science on what the science says is the healthiest or the best approach. So it is a bit nuanced with that but I would be really weary of somebody who you're already questioning, their ability to explain to you what it is. What is it specifically that you wanna know about time under tension? What's your question around that? What is he saying to you and what would you like to hear from us? So from what I've gathered so far like studies just indicate that as long as you're controlling the weight on the descents, it will contribute as much as counting the seconds, counting down the seconds. So he asked me on like three second, four second eccentrics on like my compound movements. So like on the squats I'm lifting up to or more than 60% of my one-run maps, right? And he asked me on like three seconds, three seconds eccentrics for more than like eight reps. So I found that it might have impaired my ability to recover a little bit as well as might have availed in like the development of pain in my knee. Okay, you just might be, look, you might be doing too much. Yeah, as you say, it's probably more likely his training protocol on how much volume you're doing is probably hurting you more than manipulating the tempo. Because you could play with eight, go ahead. All of my workouts exceed like the two hour mark. So sometimes I'm go- Okay, so- There's your indication right there. So here's a big issue that I've seen with coaches is that they work in a world where the majority of the people that they work with and train around are enhanced by performance enhancing substances, which really they greatly increase your recovery and your ability to train hard and long.  He knows that too, knows I'm an addict. Yeah, I know they know that, but they can be so skewed in terms of, oh no, you can handle this or you're young or you're working out. Or his knowledge is coming from his personal experience. I don't know, is he natural? I questioned, he was kind of dubious about it, but I think he is. He's probably not natural himself. And he's giving- Because he has like veins popping out of his like quads and like this all over like from his head to toe. So here's what we're gonna do is I'm gonna send you our Maps Aesthetic program. Yeah, just follow that. That is actually inspired by the way I used to train my body to get me all the way to the professional level. And by the way, I was on drugs. So, and I guarantee the volume is nowhere near what you're doing right now. I didn't train two hour training sessions in the gym, even when I was on high doses of PEDs and a pro men's physique athlete on year number four for me, I wasn't even training like that. So the idea that a natural athlete is training in the gym five to seven days a week for two hours of training session.   And if your joints are talking to you, it's pretty obvious to what's going on. And it sounds like he's not well versed enough or experienced or educated enough to be able to explain that to you that that's what's going on. But it's pretty obvious to me that that's what's going on. And it's less to do with what the research and literature says around time and attention, what's better or not better. I could make you do eight second squats and not hurt your knees. But I also know that if I am going to increase the intensity on an exercise by slowing down the tempo, I'm gonna also modify your training elsewhere so I don't overdo it somewhere else. So, and it sounds like he's probably not doing that. So it doesn't sound like he's a very good coach. We wrote those programs maps aesthetic with the intent of helping somebody get ready for stage. And so that, you know, we're gonna send that to you for free. So you'll have it and you can literally follow that for a week and get a feel of what the volume of training you should be doing compared to probably what he's got you doing. And way in maps aesthetic, there's focus sessions which allow you to individualize the workout so you can focus on your weak body parts. Okay, so follow maps aesthetic as it's written out. Do focus sessions for one or two body parts that you need special attention on. As far as diet is concerned, here's where it can get really tricky because especially pre-contest diet or diet leading up to a show. This is where it can get a bit tricky. I would look at the network that Lane Norton works with because the coaches that work under him or the people that are associated with him, they do it the best way.  They do things that are science-based that are as healthy as you could possibly get while also looking great on stage. So look in his network for people to work with nutrition and then just follow maps aesthetic. I would not listen to this coach anymore because. Wait, what's your Instagram handle? Shredded bail. Shredded. B-A-L-E. No space or anything? Okay, I got you, I got you. All right, perfect. We'll take care of that for you and we'll send over you maps aesthetic, okay? All right, cheers guys. All right, brother, thank you. I wonder what his favorite protein is. Oh my God. I tell you what. You gotta love though, this idea that, this is nothing to do with the science around time and attention. No, he's doing freaking way too much. Yeah, yeah. I mean, it's great that that was, gave him the, clued him in on the, maybe this guy doesn't know what he's talking about, but having him do three second, five second, eight second, two second. That's not the problem. Yeah, that's not the problem here at all. He's just trying to do his own research now to kind of figure it out and piece it together. He needs to find a coach that can just really point directly. Like, here's what we need to do. This is so unbelievably common. I mean, it was what motivated me to, so I had no intentions of coaching online. So when I first started competing and some of that, it was literally for what we were doing. It was, the goal was when I got into competing, it was, I'm gonna show the world. You're gonna build the social media.  That is gonna give me a network of people and then I'm gonna sell them this app that Justin and I were building. Obviously that never happened. But that was the goal.  Terrible. There are so many coaches who because they got on stage themselves and even, or got to the pro level or even got to the Olympia stage that all these young kids that are aspiring to be like them just assume that they gotta know what they know what they're talking about.  They know enough to get them to that. And honestly, most of them, the two biggest factors that have given them their success is their consistency. Because if you do any, even we've said this before on the show, right? A subpar program done consistently is better than a superior program done inconsistently. And if you made it to the Olympia stage, if you made it to a pro, you have unbelievable discipline. The discipline has taken anybody, I don't care what level or what your natural gifts or how much drugs you take, that that is the number one factor. And then the second one is drugs. You're taking so many drugs that you can get away with poor programming. You can get away with poor diet. And you throw genetics on top of that and it makes it even even crazier. So I've seen some of the craziest recommendations. Workouts, terrible. The diet stuff that I've seen some of these coaches recommend, downright, oh, downright dangerous. And then I'm not an expert on, you know, how you should use performance enhancing drugs. But I know enough to when I've seen some, I've had people show me and I look at the stuff and I go, oh my gosh, you're an amateur. What are you doing taking these insane combinations of drugs? My coach told me, you know, I saw this one girl. She was on enough hormones to eat. I mean, she was transitioning to become a man. She didn't realize it. She thought she was just trying to get on stage. It's really, really scary. So watch out for these user beware. That's it.


Welcome to All Hands Update, I'm Petty Officer Jessica Bidwell. New revisions to the Navy's Liberty Policy were announced this March. Under the new policy, commanding officers will have greater authority to manage their sailors and meet mission requirements. The revised Liberty Policy expands on when special liberty may be granted, such as after extended deployments, exceptional performance, attending funerals of a family member, or other occasions determined by the commanding officer. Sailors will also establish their own out-of-bounds, Liberty and special liberty zones. What will not change is that special liberty may not exceed four days or be combined with normal liberty or holidays. If sailors are combining leave with special liberty, they must start and finish their leave in their home port or station. You can view the updated Melpersman on the Navy personnel command website.


Welcome to Sheboygan County government working for you. I'm Dan Lemieux, County Board Chairman, co-host of this show that we put on every month. And hosting with me is Adam Payne, our administrative coordinator. This month we are focusing on the Veteran Service Department for Sheboygan County. And we have with us as our guest, Jim Riesenberg, Veteran Service Officer. We're approaching Memorial Day weekend, Jim and Sheboygan County, I believe has approximately 10,000 veterans located, living and residing in Sheboygan County. And we'd like to not only discuss the function of your office, but also some of the activities coming up from Memorial Day later on in the show. But why don't you start today, Jim, by just giving us a little background about yourself and when you became involved with the Veteran Service Office? Well, Dan, I've been Veteran Service Officer since January of 1987. I'm the fifth person to serve in that position, which was created by the Sheboygan County Board in 1936. The population figure is fairly close, about 10,100 more or less. Personally, I'm the second of eight children, five brothers who served 34 years, seven months and 24 days in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force during the Vietnam War. And in order to be a Veteran Service Officer, you need to be a Veteran too, I'm assuming. One of the stipulations in chapter 45, which governs Veterans Affairs in Wisconsin, mandates Honorable Active Service any time in your lifetime, correct? And maybe you could just give us a little background as to the mission of the department and some of the responsibilities of the Veteran Service. Our mission statement is relatively simple to serve those who served. And we basically, our mission is to contribute to the quality of life, based to the form of men and women who have served in our armed forces. The men and women we serve obviously have to be honorably discharged service personnel. They are wards of the Department of Defense as long as they're on active duty. They obtain Veteran status at one second past midnight on their last day of active duty and that's when they come to us for assistance. And then when they come to your assistance what are some of the programs and services that you provide to them? We have a ton of stuff. Basically, we have three sources of programs that we administer. Sheboygan County from the Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs and from the Federal US Department of Veterans Affairs or the VA. You could probably lump those programs into four categories, I would say housing, healthcare, Memorial Affairs, and education. Now, as far as the housing part of it is concerned, the biggie there is the primary mortgage programs run by both the state and the federal VA, as well as the home improvement loan program of the state VA. Healthcare obviously is probably the big ticket item, the federal VA operates 172 healthcare facilities, major hospitals throughout the United States. And as such, they are the largest single healthcare delivery system in the free world. Add to that the myriad of new outpatient clinics that have been built around the country and that pretty much encompasses everything that the federal VA provides. At the state level, of course, we have the healthcare aid grant, we have the Wisconsin Veterans Homemade King, and the soon to be opened community-based residential care facility at the Southern Center in Union Grove. Also at the state level as far as housing as the Veterans, or medical care, I'm sorry, is the Veterans Assistance Program, which offers transitional housing and employment for homeless veterans. In the education part of it, you'd find, of course, the obvious one there. Again, the biggie is the now chapter 30 of the Montgomery GI Bill, the Federal Education Program, which offers financial assistance to those servicemen and women who are on active duty or have completed active duty. And it also recognizes the continued involvement of our reserve forces by making financial funds available to those reservists with a six-year military obligation. At the state level, we have the full-time tuition and fees reimbursement program, we have the part-time study grant reimbursement program, and we have the retraining grant program for those recently terminated from employment or about to be terminated. And as far as memorial affairs, well, I think that's pretty much self-explanatory. Memorial affairs basically deals with the casket flags, the grave markers, the graveside military rights, and the flags and flag holders that go on the cemeteries on Memorial Day. You mentioned, you just went through quite a long laundry list there. That's only part of it. Well, we only have 30 minutes, so. But you mentioned services provided by the state and by the federal government. Obviously, you're not the end-all when somebody applies for all these. So you work closely with these agencies, the state and federal agencies on a regular basis, or? Yes, we do, Dan. One thing, it depends on the situation and the particular need. If it's an educational program, obviously it's pretty much cut and dried. If it's a healthcare need, it's probably a little bit different. If it's a pension issue, we work with social security on a daily basis. We work with the people at the county's economic support programs and a lot of other state and federal programs that might be out there that would provide some type of assistance depending on the applicant's need. There are a lot of programs out there and a lot of red tape and not red tape, but a lot of paperwork to go through. We don't do anything without paper and it's our responsibility to try and coordinate as much as we can so the applicant will get the greatest benefit from the program. There's no putting two fists in the pot at one time. Double dipping is frowned upon by the government as you might expect. Some people get away with it, but not for very long and a lot of times it's unintentional. Sometimes it is, but our primary responsibility in that area is to see that they get all they have coming but also to make sure that they don't get too much. So if a veteran is watching this show sometime during the month of May and here's about one of these programs and thinks I might be able to qualify or this might be able to help me, how does the veteran go about looking into these programs and getting access to some of these services? Well, there are several ways, Dan. I would say probably the first thing if you are within driving distance, come down to the office. If you see me downtown for heaven's sakes, don't be afraid to stop me. A lot of people do. You can also, the VA regional office, the federal VA has a toll free national hotline, the 1-800-827-10000. And wherever you live in the United States that number will ring through to the regional office. And depending on what you're inquiring about, 99% of the time the benefits counselors at the regional office will refer you back to the Veterans Service Office in your county of Domicile or wherever you live. You mentioned earlier that the mission statement of your department was to serve those who have served. Or I believe I... That's close. That's close. How many veterans do you work with on a regular basis? I mean, I'm a veteran and I think I contacted your office about 30 years ago at one time. And not since. So how many of these 10,100 do you do with on a regular basis? That's kind of a tough figure to deal with. I can't tell you this, the ones that we do deal with. We try to deal with courtesy, compassion and understanding. I think probably a better barometer of the level of our activity and involvement would probably be the fiscal impact that veterans programs have on the economy of Sheboygan County. I don't have current figures, but I can tell you based on annual reports that I have worked on, it probably averages somewhere between $15 and $18 million a year. That includes such things as the value of homes guaranteed under the state and federal loan guarantee programs, the compensation, the pension, the vocational rehabilitation and this type of thing. So for the yet about 10 to 12% of the population that we service, and if you use the multiplier figure on the 14 to 15 to 18 million dollars, I think the fiscal impact of veterans programs in this county is a rather significant number given the small number of people. Excuse me, given the small number of people that we provide service to. And we've been talking about the veterans, but what about their spouses and the immediate families? Do you work with them also? Yes, we do Dan. We have most all of the programs with just a couple of exceptions. Most all of the programs, both state, county, state and federal do have a system whereby we can provide some type of assistance, depending again on the need, these spouse and qualifying dependents also have access to not all, but some of these programs and the important programs, the widow's pension and the healthcare aid grants and the part time study reimbursement program from the state of Wisconsin. Some of what you would call programs that tend to lead to or lean toward quality of life would we refer to as quality of life type programs. Memorial Day weekend is nearly here and I know a lot of people look forward to the three day weekend or vacationing with their family, a self included. I also appreciate that a lot of people may not think about the significance of Memorial Day, especially our younger folks. What does Memorial Day mean to you, Jim? Well, I guess probably one from the old school in that I've always felt that Memorial Day is the day set aside to pay tribute to our fallen comrades. And I think what I've said for many years is even before I got this job when I was active in the American Legion, Memorial Day was not created by Madison Avenue to give them all a reason to have a four day sale and it wasn't created by the tourism industry to signal the start of the tourism season. There are a lot of things and obviously Memorial Day does take on a different meaning. I probably to those who so-called been there done that probably a whole lot different than for other people. I think the significance of the day is that we send on to the younger generation the fact that freedom isn't free. We pause and remember those who served and those who sacrificed. And if you walk through a cemetery sometime or even as you drive by but if you walk through a cemetery and look at a marker under one of those flags, company age 127th infantry 1776. And take yourself back to the Civil War and imagine what they were doing, a brother fighting a brother or someone who lost their life during the Civil, during World War II or Korea or Vietnam and imagine what they were doing. How did they die? What did their families go through while they were gone? What were they going through while they were over there? And I think that's one way to instill probably in yourself, go to the library and get a book and read something about some of these things that actually happened. And you probably not only get a better understanding but hopefully something that you can someday share with somebody. So it's a given the background in my family in the military, it's a very personal day for me as is Veterans Day. What are some of the key events and activities you're gonna be helping coordinate this month? Too many. There are quite a few activities planned and I think I certainly encourage everyone to check with the newspaper and make sure that you know if there's one going on in your town. I think just about every village and city and community in Sheboygan County does have something going on. Personally, we've worked with the United Military Association in Sheboygan as we always do, helping put the project together. I myself will be marching with the in the Sheboygan parade with the Vietnam Veterans of America Color Guard. We'll be making a presentation, I believe, out at Green Lawn out on County Drunk O, participating in their program. And other than that, I probably will be over at the Plymouth Legion sitting around telling war stories and just enjoying a day away from the office, doing what I do at the office, but not in the office. If people want to get more information about those events, they can contact your office or be looking for it in the newspaper. Probably we'll have some of the information. We don't generally get that deeply involved. Sometimes they tell us, sometimes they don't, we encourage them, at least get it out to the newspaper, get it out to the media. You'll get a greater number of people attention that way than you will trying to send it to our office. Earlier, you mentioned the flags that are placed at the grave sites for Memorial Day. And I imagine that is a tremendous task each year. How many flags are actually placed and how do you go about coordinating that every year? Well, the coordination part is relatively easy. I've got a very dependable staff who takes care of all of that. The county, through the budget process, purchases the flags. Last year, we put out, I think, roughly 7,700. So this year, I have a feeling it's probably going to be close to 8,000 flags will be placed in 110 cemeteries in Sheboygan County. We do that. The late Al Sterling laid out a plan for us with 26 veterans organizations geographically located throughout Sheboygan County. So Al laid out a plan where certain organizations would be assigned to the cemeteries in their area. So nobody is really overloaded, so everybody pretty much has an equal task with a couple of exceptions. I think Wildwood Cemetery here in the city of Sheboygan has like 1,600. The Sharp Cemetery out in Alcart Lake is the final resting place of one Edwin Sharps civil war soldier. And he's the only person laid to rest in that grave and he's a veteran. But it's a big job. They'll be doing it starting this weekend some places in the county. I know you mentioned you have a pretty good staff in your office in the courthouse. You have one person. So it must be the organizations that are really working with you to help accomplish this. The organizations do a lot. We are the focal point for all of the activities, including the death benefits. And when a veteran passes away, our office is usually somewhere in the process of getting called. Our office is responsible for recording the location of all veterans' graves in our county and sending that onto the Department of Veterans Affairs in Madison for future generations or for whatever reason. But the veterans' organizations do the bulwark or the heavy work. They pick up the flags and the flag holders. They're the ones who are physically responsible for walking up and down those long rows with bundles of flags and calling out names and making sure that the flags are in place. Let's hear a little bit more about the organizations. 26 organizations, I imagine. They have a variety of areas of focus. What can you tell us about them? Well, yes, we do have, they're 26. We've got the veterans of foreign wars, the American Legion, disabled American veterans, Vietnam veterans of America, Catholic war veterans of America, retired enlisted and retired officers. All of them have one thing in common in its honorable act of military service. And beyond that, the military of the Purple Heart, for example, you obviously have to be combat wounded and be recipient of the Purple Heart. VFW, obviously, during a war conflict and served on foreign soil, disabled American veterans, service-related disabled, retired officers, retired enlisted, pretty much just be retired of honorable act of service and you would pretty much qualify for membership. They all do have one common focus and that is service to veterans. I would say this, if there is a classroom anywhere in any school in this county that does not have a flag in it, I wanna know about it because there are organizations out there that will make sure that there are flags in every classroom and if you need help with the Pledge of Allegiance, we'll get somebody out there to do that for you too. Every year, the veteran population is decreasing and with it firsthand experience of the sacrifices for the quality of life we enjoy today. I know you touched on it earlier, but again, what would you recommend to get younger people and families more involved with appreciating the meaning of Memorial Day? Well, I guess it's been something that I've, one thing that I've started on since I took this job was trying to get the veterans' organizations together, different veterans from different war periods and going to our schools, especially the grade schools and the high schools and share your wartime experiences, not necessarily the blood and guts, but what was Paris really like in 1944 or what was Saigon like in 1977 or what was Hunchin Korea like in 1953? And things are, what was London like when we were over there and under Eisenhower? You know the rest of the song and dance about that, but, and I think, and I've been moderately successful. Some are rather reluctant to even say anything about it, but a lot of them have gotten together from all of the war periods and gone in and talked about it, every time we lose a veteran in this county every, roughly every 36 hours, one passes away. And when that happens, I always felt that a piece of history goes into the ground with them, never to be heard again by anybody. So my suggestion would be if you have family or friends or parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles or somebody, sit down with a tape recorder and record, talk and ask questions and ask them what it was like. And you know, we don't necessarily have to hear about the blood and guts and anything like that, but every serviceman had a different service number and a different experience and a different reaction to everything that happened to them no matter where it was from the World War I veteran telling about the time he got on the boat in New York on Armistice Day in 1918 and went overseas to serve. There's always a story to be told and if you can find somebody to help you to record it, to tell the stories, I think that's something that would really probably give you more appreciation for the guy who either almost froze to death or almost fried wherever he was. And I think if you know what they did and if you know what they went through probably would give you a little deeper appreciation for not only what your kin went through but probably also what others went through as well. I was home in 91 shortly after the Persian Gulf activity broke out and I mentioned, I was talking to my parents and we were talking about that and Ma had just come home from visiting somebody in the neighborhood and their nephew or someone who was ordered to active duty.  I said, you know, when you look back, I said from 1960 to 1982, you had one in uniform all the time, at least one. You had one time you had two in the war zone. At one time you had three in the war zone. I said, what did you do? She said, we prayed a lot. And these are the kind of things if you can get people to talk about those things might be a whole new experience for you. Right, Jim. Jim, we talked a little bit but before we came on and there's a lot of things we haven't touched on yet. You have one of the smallest departments in County, in Sheboyin County government with yourself and one staff member brought tremendous impact on the community, on the veterans that have served for us. And I have a little better idea now of the impact that you have on the lives of these individuals. But one of the things we wanted to talk about a little bit today was a recent press article talked about a 26 mile march, the Bataan Memorial Death March that you participated in, or you participated in this more often, more often than just this last year. Could you tell us a little bit about that and what's the meaning of that march? Well, the march itself commemorates the surrender of the Bataan Peninsula and subsequently the island of Corrigidor in the Philippines on April 9th, 1942. And that was shortly after the invasion of Pearl Harbor. General Wainwright was in charge of the operation under General MacArthur and he was ordered to surrender so they destroyed everything that they had and began the 66th march to Camp O'Donnell. I'm not gonna quote figures, but if I recall from the newspaper article and those were taken from the official website, the number of men who survived that march was rather minimal compared to, when you think of the number of people who actually took off and started off in that march, they marched night and day, 103 degree weather, whatever they had on when they took off, when they started marching is what they had. If they lost it, if they went back to pick it up or something, the enemy shot him. I think the thing about this, and I don't know if you can pick up that book or not, but if you have a chance, read this book. If you never read another book about how our men were treated in the Pacific, read this book. I cried when I read it and I think you probably will too, but the march itself is interesting. It's extremely challenging, but for someone who walks 4,000 miles a year, the challenge itself of walking wasn't as much of a challenge as listening to these men as they talk and to think that they survived an ordeal like this. It's phenomenal to say the least. Thank you, Jim. I can just feel the passion in your voice and the passion that you bring to the job. I would hope that all of our employees and all of our department heads bring that same passion. Anything else that we neglected to ask you that you're just at the tip of your tongue that you want to get out to the public yet and allow us a couple of minutes? Well, no, I think the important thing to realize is that we're starting to do outreach now. In fact, we're going out to the meal sites in the county two days a month. This month, Howard's Grove and Plymouth next month, I think, Adel and Random Lake and we're doing an outreach effort to reach some of the older veteran population in our community, thinking that it's probably easier for them to get downtown in Random Lake or wherever they're at than it is to get into the city. We have an outreach program that we focus on and actually focus on the veteran population. We have a public awareness effort that we focus on the non-veteran portion of our population because we know that while not everyone is a veteran, everyone seems to know a veteran somewhere, somehow. So, and we try to spread the word and make them understand that just because Uncle Louis didn't get anything from the VA, doesn't mean that you're not going to get anything. Well, he did the exact same thing as I did, not necessarily. So, and it's difficult sometimes to convince some of the older population that there are programs out there that may benefit them. The big thing right now is in the field of healthcare with the new clinic opening at Cleveland not too long ago and the VA putting new clinics up throughout, not only Wisconsin, but throughout the United States in an attempt to reach these veterans. And again, as you might expect, the out of sight cost of prescription medication is what the majority of them are coming in to get help for. And it's just, you know, when you can get somebody's medication cost down from $300 a month to $30 a month, you have to feel good about it. And this person also has to know, excuse me, that this person also has to know that in spite of the fact that they never got a bonus from the state of Wisconsin, they are getting something probably a little bit more meaningful than a fistful of dollars in a goodbye. And it's, the response has been just really tremendous and we're quite pleased with it. It's not something that helps everybody, but for the majority of people who get into the system, it is a godsend. Thank you, Jim. I really appreciate your presentation. And I hope everybody gets to do this before Memorial Day and use this as a reminder to get out to those services and the cemeteries and be a part of Memorial Day this year. Next month, we'll be bringing as our guest, Vern Gross, our director of building services. I was surprised when I got on the county board 13 months ago, the number of buildings that Sheboygan County is responsible for, the number of highway sheds, the UW Sheboygan system that we're responsible for, just the number of buildings and properties that Sheboygan County is responsible for. And Vern's gonna be here next month and along with Adam and myself. And we're going to be talking about the buildings and the responsibility we have and possibly even touch a little bit on some of the building programs that we are going on right now through Sheboygan County. Thank you and we'll see you again next month.


The executive secretary of the tertiary education trust fund, Mista Sonia Chono, has accused the federal government of owning the agency the sum of $323 billion. Chono stated this at a public hearing on an alleged missing $2.3 trillion in teff fund organized by the House ad hoc committee investigating the allegations. The House of Representatives had last Tuesday set up a committee headed by Honorable Oluwale to investigate the alleged abuse of $2.3 trillion generated from tertiary education tax by the fund from 2011 to 2023. An allegation teff fund debunked stating it is untrue. He says the actual money generated from education tax from 2011 to 2022 was $2.47 trillion out of which the federal Indian Revenue Service retained $99 billion as cost of collection. We are asked for a list of contractors and projects in the hands of opportunity for us as a fund. We only have a list of projects. The reason being that we are not in contract and awarding is to show all the hands of opportunity for us. So the list we have from us of contractors are those that belong to us internally for operations. Whenever I buy a table or a chair or buy a paper that we use to produce documents for you, or as we are trying to do this year to also construct some donor offices, those are the fully projects that we handle and appoint all awards for persons with these post forms, institutions, institutions, advertising projects, many other things. And those who are German experts, those who are familiar, who are layers of improving authorities for the government, and the chief executives of these institutions, who they are tenders for the president of these institutions. And what we would like to do is we would like to make sure that we have all the money we need to do this year.


Hello everyone, in my last video we have learned about IEEE 802.3 that is Ethernet. In this video we will learn IEEE 802.4 token bus. In 802.3 that is Ethernet, frame does not provide the priority or the priorities are not provided to the frame and that's why it's time to send the frame is very long and because of this it is not used in the real time system but these lacunas are eliminated in token bus system. Token bus provide the frame priorities to each and every frame and that's why the waiting time is very small. So let's see the token bus in this video. Learning outcomes at the end of this session student will be able to describe IEEE 802.4 standard for LAN that is token bus. They will also explain each and every field of token bus frame format. Let's start with the introduction of token bus. Physically the token bus is a linear or a tree-shaped cable to which the stations are attached but logically the stations are organized into a ring. Let's see this diagram. Here the number of stations are connected with the help of coaxial cable and this is the broadband coaxial cable but all these stations are logically connected with each other like this. So here station A, B, C, D, E and F are logically connected with each other. Now the token bus is a physical bus that operates as a logical ring using token. Token bus is a special frame format. Token bus combines the feature of Ethernet and token ring. A token is passed among the station if the station want to send the data. It must wait and capture the token first and then it can able to transmit the data. Token bus is limited to factory automation, process control and has no commercial application in data communication. Now let's see the token bus in detail. The token is passed from one user to another in a sequence and that sequence is either clockwise or anticlockwise. Each station knows the address of the station to its left and right as per the sequence in the logical ring. A station can only transmit the data when it has the token. The logical ring is formed based on the MAC addresses of the station in descending order. So suppose there are so many number of stations then the highest order station or a station who has highest MAC address will get the chance to transmit the data first. End station suppose in a network there are n number of station and it takes the t seconds to transmit the data then the remaining station has to wait n t seconds. So this is the n t seconds is nothing but the waiting time for all the stations present into a network. Let's see with the help of this diagram. So here number of stations are present and all stations are physically connected in a linear topology but station who want to transmit the data they entered into a logical ring. So here station number 20, 17, 13, 11 and 7 are entered into a logical ring whereas station number 14 and 19 which are not a part of a logical ring. So here it means what 14 and 19 does not have any data to transmit. So the priority is provided to 20th station because its address is higher than the other station who are in the logical ring. Now this is a token which is circulate around this ring okay. Actually this takes place with the help of linear topology. And the direction of token is fixed. Now let's see the logical ring organization of token bus. When the ring is initialized stations are inserted into it in order of station address from highest to lowest. So in this diagram first station that is 20th station entered into a ring first because it has highest address as compared to other station. Station passing is done from high to low address. Again the station when the token is coming or when the token is in include in this ring it goes first to the highest priority station that is 20th station. When the station 20 transmit its frame into that token and it finish its transmission that token is moved to the 17 because 17 has a high second highest priority after the 20th second station. Whenever the station acquire the token it can transmit frame for the specific amount of time because the timer is set for each and every station to transmit the frame. If a station has no data it passes the token immediately upon receiving it. Only one station holds the token at a time and that's why the collision does not occur. Now let's see the ring organization in detail. The token bus define the four priority classes that is 0, 2, 4 and 6 for the traffic control. When the token comes into the station over the cable it is passes internally to the priority 6 substation which can be transmitted its frame. When it is done or when its time expire the token is passed to the priority 4 substation which can then transmit the frame until its timer expire. After that the token is then pass internally to the priority 2 substation and after that this process continue until either the priority 0 substation has send all its frame or the time expire. So this is all about the ring organization of token bus. Pause the video and write down the answer. Can token be pass from one user to other sequentially? Here IEEE standard 802.3 and 802.4. The answer is true. Yes, token can be pass from one user to another sequentially either clockwise or anticlockwise direction. Now let's see the comparison of IEEE standard 802.3 and 802.4. 802.3 as well as 802.4 uses the linear topology that is burst topology. Whereas the logical topology is not present in 802.3 and in 802.4 it is the ring topology. If we want to add a new station into 802.3 system then it can be added almost anywhere on the cable at any time. But in 802.4 distributed algorithms are needed to add new stations. If we see performance wise the 802.3 for light load the stations often transmit immediately but for heavy traffic it reduce the effective data transmission. But in 802.4 for light load station must wait for the token even if no other station is transmitting. But for heavy traffic token passing provides the fair access to all the stations. Now in 802.3 twisted pair coaxial cable and fiber optics are used whereas in 802.4 coaxial cables are used. Now let's see the another important topic that is token bus frame format. So here the first field is preamble. It reserve the one byte with beat pattern 10101010 and it is used to synchronize the receiver's clock. The another field is start delimiter and end delimiter. It reserves one byte with beat pattern 10101011 and used to mark the frame boundaries. Let's see the another field of token bus that is frame control. Frame control is used to differentiate the control frame from the data frame. Now let's see data frame. It carries the frame priority and it carries the indicator for destination station. That means destination station send the acknowledgement to the store station so that store station comes to know that whether the frame is transmitted properly or not. Frame control it specify the frame type and provide the information about the token during the ring initialization. And this is the information which is given in the table like claim token, solicit successor one, two, who follows, resolve contention, token and set successor. It gives the information of passing the token or the information of station which can be included into the ring or which can be removed from the ring. Now the another field is destination and source address. So assign individual and group addressing also local and group addressing. So here the source address and the destination address are same as that of IEEE 802.3. Then the next field is data. Maximum data length is 8182 byte which is 5 times more than the 802.3 that is Ethernet. The next field is checksum used to detect the transmission error. This field contains a 32-bit hash code of data. If the checksum computed by destination is not the same as sent checksum value then the data received is corrupted and that frame is discarded. So this is all about the 802.4 that is token bus. These are the references. Thank you.


teksti- ja multi-level-modellinen ja ekonometric techniques on panel data, typically focus on data sets where repeated observations of individuals are actual repeated observations in the data. However, this is not the only way of storing repeated observations in the data set. We could also have the repeated observations as new variables, so that if we have 10 observations of each individual, we have 10 variables for those observations. This is called the wide format data, and it's a useful way of structuring data for longitudinal analysis as well, and if you have the data in this format, you would be using structural equation modelling with latent variables for the analysis. Let's take a look at how these techniques work and how we can specify many commonly used panel data models using structural equation modelling. The examples are based on this article by Beau and Satorra. The article covers how you can use SCM to estimate panel data models, and it also re-used the use of these models in the wide format in management research. They conclude that these techniques are not very widely known by management researchers, although they are not really new, so these techniques have been used for decades in, for example, psychology, but not so much in management. There tends to be a focus on either econometrics techniques or structural equation modelling techniques for longitudinal data sets, and for some reason management researchers typically go for the econometrics techniques more than the structural equation modelling techniques. I have a sweet spot for this paper because I was a reviewer for this paper, and for example I pushed the authors to have examples in R as well in Addis and Dev State examples. So the paper provides nice examples that you can work through using R or data to understand more about these models. Let's take a look at what wide format and long format data are. So we can structure the same set of information, same set of variable values in different ways. Here we have the long form data, so we have individuals each observed four times, so we have four observations for each individual. We have values X11 through XN4, Y11 through YN4, and Z1 through ZN. As we can see, Z does not vary within individuals, so we always use the same value of Z for one individual and so on. In the wide format data we have the exact same numbers, so the data content information is the same, it's just presented in a different format. So instead of having four observations for each individual, we have just one observation for each individual, and the repeated measures of X and Y are stored as different variables. So we have time one variables, time two variables, time three variables, and time four variables. And we have one variable for Z because Z does not vary over time, it is constant within individual. To switch between these two data formats in your statistical software, you would be using something called reshape or pivot or something other than that. But these are typically the terms used for describing going from wide to long and long to wide. And once you have told your statistical software the specifications on how you want to go from long to wide, typically going from wide to long and back is fairly straightforward. You just reexecute the same command the other way. So how do you use these wide format data to estimate different models where we have the unobserved effect? So we have basically a model where we have a random intercept, and how do we estimate the random intercept model using this kind of configuration? Let's take a look at first how we estimate a pooled regression analysis. So the idea of a pooled regression analysis is that we just regress Y on X and perhaps Z, and we get the result. In this example I'm just going to be using Y and X and omitting Z for simplicity. So this is the pooled cross-sectional analysis, ignoring clustering. So the idea is that we specify this kind of model in our structural equation modeling software. So we regress Y1 on X1, Y2 on X2, and Y3 on X3. We constrain the coefficients to be the same. We constrain the intercepts to be the same. And the error variances are the same. So this is basically, or this is exactly the same thing as estimating a normal regression model using the long form data. We just specify three different regression models. We specify that the errors are independent because of independence of observations. These errors are not correlated. And we specify that these regression paths are shared between these three models. This gives you the normal regression results from SCM. So this is not particularly interesting except for learning experience, because the advantage of this modeling approach comes from the use of latent variables. So how do we estimate then a model where we have a random intercept? So we have something that is common to all Y variables that is of each individual. So we have individual specific variable that affects all the observations of that individual. We do this kind of model. So this is the random intercept model. So the idea of a random intercept is that we have this unobserviced heterogeneity. We have an effect that affects all observations of an individual. So there is something individual specific that is shared between all observations of that individual. So this would be equivalent to estimating, for example, a normal multilevel model with random intercept or generalized least squares with random effects specification. And this does that job. So we have one unobserved variable that affects all time observations of an individual. We can also see that the random effect assumption here is that this latent variable, this unobserved effect is not correlated with any of the predictors. And we can use the chi-square test for this model for testing this assumption. We can also do less constraint models. And this is something that the Bow and Satora article focuses a lot on. So we can do the correlated random effects model as well. So instead of calculating cluster means, using those cluster means of X as control when regressing Y on X, we simply specify that this unobserved effect A can be correlated with all the X variables. And that is the correlated random effects model. So this random effect model shown on the previous slide is nested on this correlated random effects model. So we can test these correlations, whether these correlations are all at zero, which is the random effects assumption by doing a likelihood ratio test between these two models. So this is the way that we can do these simple econometric techniques using SCF. But we can also do more advanced stuff. This is of course possible using multilevel modeling software as well. For example, we can do lag-dependent variables. And this would be an example of a dynamic panel model because the Ys affect each other over time, then the Xs affect the Ys and then there is the unobserved effect here. We can do other things. We can do autocorrelated models. So here we don't have effect on Y over time, but instead the error term of time 2 depends on the value of time 1, time 3 depends on the value of time 2. So this is called autocorrelation. So the error term depends on its previous value. And this is very useful for modeling all kinds of trending data. We can do heteroskedastic errors. So instead of saying that these error variances are the same, we don't constrain these error variances to be the same. Instead, we allow each error to be freely estimated. So this is heteroskedasticity over time. It of course does not take into account every type of heteroskedasticity. For example, if there are variants of UT2 here depends on the X, then that would not be accounted by this model. But it takes into account heteroskedasticity over time, which is sometimes an important consideration. We can also do something that resembles cluster over standard errors in Rykosan analysis. So this is not exactly the same as cluster over standard errors, but you get the idea. So the error terms within an observation, within a unit, so repeated observations within a unit, those errors are allowed to be freely correlated, so we don't constrain any, we don't have any independence constraints here. This is of course not exactly the same as cluster over standard errors for two reasons. One is that the estimates from this model will be a bit different from the pooled cross-sectional analysis. So normally in cluster over standard errors, you only adjust the standard errors, but not the estimates. Another thing with this model is that it doesn't take into account heteroskedasticity, for example, if UT3 variants depends on X, T3, it would not be taken into account by this model. That would be taken into account with the cluster over standard errors. So we can do all kinds of stuff using cluster or long internal data, using SCM, by modeling the unobserved heterogeneity effect as a latent variable, and we can specify different error covariance structures like we do in a multi-level model. So what are the advantages and disadvantages of these two modeling approaches? The long form is more commonly used. It is easier to use in the sense that it is faster to specify. You normally just specify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the clustering variable. Then if you need to have an error structure, error covariance structure, you choose one, and then you estimate model. In wide format, you have more manual model specifications. So you actually need to specify structurally because a model that shows all the correlations and all the paths, and if you have, let's say, 10 repeated observations, that model gets rather large. Diagnostics for long form are not well established. So there are diagnostic tools for multi-level models. There are diagnostic tools for panel data techniques, but those tend to be fairly specialized. So you need to go and read specialized literature to understand those. And you need to learn a bit case by case, because, for example, a data package that implements added variable plot for panel data models does not work for multi-level models and vice versa. Then in the wide format, you have well-developed diagnostics. We have the chi-square test, you have modification indices, and these same indices and same diagnostics apply regardless of what kind of model you estimate. And this technique has better handling of missing data because maximum likelihood estimation with mixing data, or FIML, can be applied, and it allows you to estimate the model, even if some observations don't have every value for all the predictors. In this case, in long form data, those cases would typically be dropped. So the wide form data, in a way, provides you more flexibility, but it's also more work to do and it's more error-prone. So which one you apply is more of a personal preference. The wide form is not that much better that everyone should use it right away, but it's something that you should keep in mind if for nothing else as a diagnostic tool and as a learning technique because understanding how you specify different econometric techniques using SCM allows you to understand those econometric techniques much better than you did before.


Mae'n amser Cliff Archer. Mae'n amser o'r Chyllum i Hanbrook, Parish Council. Mae'n amser o'r cyflawni'r hanes. Mae'n amser yn ystod yn gweithio'r parod o'r 15 yma, mae'n mynd i'r hynny'n bryd gan ymwneud i'r cyflawni'r ddraenidau i'r ddraenidau yn ystod, ac mae'n gweithio'r parod o'r ddich warden. Helo, mae'n gweithio'r Robin Yeald. Mae'n gweithio'r parod o'r ddich warden i Hanbrook. Mae'r perolloo fo eau am dechcelwad didd fel y dyfi ochr hwnnw'n Funn cellular. Mae'r peroll wo fe wlkenig i weld medau. Rwy'n rhaid phai am gwahanol, gyda學 claim o'r pannodau, ac yn gwahanol i'r parod oed, mae'n cael decidedeg eu hef iddyn nhw yw. Cywethech chi'n gweithio'r system, mae'n gweithio'n sicrhau rydyn ni'n adegu deall ar y bwysig.  Rydyn ni'n gallu i'r gweithio'r ddwyng ddwyng, o bwynt o'r gwybod o ddwyng. Rydyn rydych chi'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio'r Gweithio Pwysig, I will see if we can get any help financially through Operation Watershed to sort it out. The Parish Council have been very active in sorting out drainage problems by ourselves, but we were very pleased and very grateful when Operation Watershed came along and we have had probably about seven projects under the Operation Watershed scheme and to date the County Council has provided about £66,000 in total amongst the seven or eight projects. The community benefits have been enormous and I don't think really we realised how much it was going to benefit people. More so almost in the actual drainage itself it's really helped to bind the community together. People talk a lot more about drainage so the whole level of it is raised in people's minds. The funding has been wonderful as well because people feel very supported. They feel supported by the Parish Council, they feel supported through Operation Watershed and that's quite an infectious thing in a small village community. People feel very pleased to actually live here and they feel secure.