So it's just more fundamental confluences from the smart money, right? This is the smart money concepts. Anyone who's talked about smart money concepts and doesn't talk about fundamental analysis, how can you be smart and you're not talking about fundamental analysis? That's no slight to anyone who's done trade technical analysis, but this is the smart money. Derek Halpenny, head of research at Global Markets, MUFG, is not talking about technical analysis. He's talking about the reasons why they're getting long and short based off of real smart money concepts, which is GDP, interest rates, inflation, risk off and risk on. Just basically what's going on this week. Just some reminders. I know there's a lot of new guys that have obviously joined. So I'm going to have to obviously go over some old or something old, but it's a negative thing. But just after I repeat myself when it comes to I guess getting you guys up to speed with fundamentals, et cetera. And also what's going on this week and some technical analysis. So hopefully this won't be too long, maybe an hour to two hours. Anyways, a question was basically I had two questions that were pretty much phrased in the same way. And I think this was Rishi said from last week, you focus on fundamental analysis, but he's bothered as to one second. Yeah, but bothered with lots of article news between which one is useful and which one is not. And then also I had a question that says have no, where is it? Sorry, I was supposed to put it together. Have I copied the same two things? I think I have. No, the other question was, apologies, guys. The other question was the questions for group call, which was this one, which is no, it's one. Sorry. There's a lot of information sources to potentially look at what is my personal routine, right? So Rishi's asking, you know, that he's pretty much confused and maybe a bit overwhelmed with everything that's going on with when it comes to fundamental analysis. And the second question was pretty much the same thing. What is my routine? So in order to not get overwhelmed and to, I guess, get myself into the routine, what I do is basically what I show you in the weekend analysis video. So who's not watched the fundamental analysis video? And I mean, maybe some of you may not have watched it, the new guys anyway. But in the trading channels video, yeah, in the trading channels video, if you go here, I pretty much post video analysis in here. And on the 2nd of April, I've posted the weekly fundamental analysis video. So this is pretty much my process. So what I do is I look at the fundamental analysis spreadsheet. I look at it from a macro perspective and I say, okay, what's the general theme or themes of the market? I'll be more in a risk-on environment. I'll be more in the risk-off environment. Then I will break that down a little bit. So then is it local or global? Who's being affected? If we're in a risk-off environment, who's the most affected by that risk-off environment, right? So let me just kind of break this down. So first things first is where is my pen tool? Do it in this color, do it in a white color, right? So are we in risk-off, right? Or risk-on, or risk-on, risk-off, right? Which one are we in? And then if we're in more of a risk-on or risk-off scenario, meaning that it's a scale, yeah, this being the most extreme, for example, that might be the most extreme off. This might be the most extreme on. Where are we subjectively on that scale?  We're definitely in this half, it's supposed to be an hour, sorry, of the risk-off half because we've got various different risk-off events, right? We've got, you know, Russia and Ukraine, you've got high inflation, for example, you've got China potential economic slowdown coming in in coronavirus. So we're definitely in this half, but then it's not just, you know, I guess the devil is in the detail. You can't just say, all right, risk-off, all right, we're just going to start buying the yen and buying the Swiss franc and sending everything else. There are nuances to just buying, you know, risk-on and risk-off. So who is the most affected by risk-on and risk-off? Because not every single risk-on and risk-off event should be treated the same. So some countries actually benefit from risk-off, right? And typically we know that the yen does, but in this scenario, and currently as we're going through our risk-off events, global and local, it looks like the commodity currencies are doing really well, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and the New Zealand dollar, right, and even the US dollar as such. So I'm just basically doing a top-down analysis.  Why do I want to be a buyer of one, two or three, or do I actually want to be a seller of, you know, one, two or three, right? Because on the cycle, you know, if you're looking at the currency cycle, there will be times where, you know, a currency that is, you know, strong may become weak and a currency that is weak, potentially, may become stronger or appreciate, right? So you have to just justify and validate the numbers. And then from there, I'm looking at the bank analysis, right? So the bank analysis really solidifies, and I'm choosing my pairs. Sorry, let me go back. I'm choosing my pairs from the fundamental analysis spreadsheet. And then the bank analysis is really what you want to, you know, focus on in regards to it gives validation to whatever ideas you've come up with and pairs that you want to trade based off of your knowledge of the fundamental analysis spreadsheet, right? So that would be Citibank, Mizzouho, MUFG, RBC, for example, you know, we've got a list of bank analysis to read through. And there is a lot to read through to be fair. You don't have to necessarily read through everything. But if you have, if you're kind of time limited, then I would say, look at forecasts, right? Forecasts will tell you pretty much the direction of travel. Yeah. Whether they're, you know, generally long or short. So if you don't, if you can't read, if you haven't got time to read, you know, the details and maybe the exact reasons why, which I always advise, but if you can't, if you're time poor in that sense, then forecasts will be, you know, the confluence. This is like the ultimate confluence to your trading idea. And then from there, it's just a case of looking at news, right? Looking at news if you want to. So it's just keeping your finger on the pulse, Bloomberg's, you know, the INGs and the articles that I post in the channels, in like, for example, the Yen channel, the country's channels, right? So everything I post in here, right? Is the news supportive of that, you know, we're posting every day or every week supportive of that trade idea, right? So we're looking for, I'm looking for quotes, specifically quotes, if I can, you know, especially from sites like Pound, Sterling Live, you know, and Bloomberg, et cetera, which support, which continue to support my trade idea. Yeah. So it's just more fundamental confluences from the smart money, right? This is the smart money concepts. Anyone who talks about smart money concepts and doesn't talk about fundamental analysis, how can you be smart and you're not talking about fundamental analysis? That's no slight to anyone who's done trade technical analysis. But this is the smart money. This is the smart money, you know, Derek Halpenny, head of research at global markets, MMFG is not talking about technical analysis. He's talking about the reasons why they're getting long and short, you know, based off of real smart money concepts, which is GDP, interest rates, inflation, you know, risk off and risk on, right? So and that's really, that is literally what I do, you know, day in, day out, week in, week out. And I guess when you start doing this stuff, when you, when you really start off doing it, it can be overwhelming, by the way, guys. It can be overwhelming, right? So you will find or you can find that, you know, with everything there's a learning curve, you know, there is a, it can be a steep learning curve because the information, there's a lot of information to, to kind of go through, right? It's like, where do I start? What do I do? But I have numbered the course and I guess the channels in order for you to kind of follow, right? The channels are in, you know, in order for a reason.  Do you know what I mean? So it's, it's, it's all in order. Don't try not to skip anything and just work your way down. But another thing I wanted to talk about as well, just quickly talking about new. One second, I'm going to mute you guys and mics. Welcome, Spank. Welcome. Who is it as well? We came in, Justin. Welcome, Justin. One of the things that you want to do as well, because I guess it ties into, you know, being overwhelmed with news, right? Now, one of the, I guess, one of the sites that is one of my favorites is Bloomberg, right? If it's not on Bloomberg, then it's probably not worth even considering in a sense of, I'm not saying that maybe that's wrong of me to say, but not to say that Bloomberg isn't the be all and end all because there's many different news sources, right? But generally, if it's, if it's really important, Bloomberg will pick up on it. Yeah. And if you, if you notice, I only really go to like three main sites, right? Which is about four main sites, which is the Guardian blog for basically day-to-day stuff, Bloomberg, Poundstirling and, and ING, right? Lots of news here, day in, day out. Absolutely wishy-wishy, but it's, it's focusing on what's the most important. And to us, the most important things, again, I always always say this, all roads lead to what? GDP, interest rates, inflation, and of course, unemployment, right? This is what we should be focusing on. And so when I'm looking at news, right? When I'm looking at news and I'm going to some, something like Bloomberg, right? And I'm going to the economics tab. What am I, what are my eyes tuning into? What am I focusing in, focusing in on? And it's anything to do with, again, monetary policy, GDP, interest rates, unemployment, any, you know, bank speeches, that's what I'm focusing on, right? I'm not looking at, you know, again, you could look at politics and Ukraine update because that's more risk sentiment, etc. But am I looking at ruble races, evasion loss, even as the full risk, I'm not trading the ruble, right? And if I, even if I was, and I'm concerned about risk, then I would just go into something like gold or silver, right? That's pretty much what we do. So I'm just trying to focus in on the main thing. So I'm not looking at, you know, German factory orders fall as economy faces, Ukraine war fallout, right? So you've got the keyword, you've got economy there. So I can read in their headlines, I'm already, I already want to be short on the euro, because I've already done my, oh, do you know what? That's, that's escaped me. Just looked at that. See, interest rate hikes, right? So we've got IMF urges Switzerland to consider interest rate hikes. So that's interesting right there. So that could be a potential shift in direct shift in, you know, monetary policy, right? So there we are. That's something I'm going to, you know, read a bit later, or post in the group a bit later. I will, I already want to be short in on the, on the euro, right? I was already short on the euro taking profit earlier today on that euro dollar. But because I'm still short on the euro, or my bias is still short on the euro, German factory orders fall as economy faces, Ukraine war fallout. So I could go into that and read the details, or I could just take their headline for what it is as far as it's pretty much negative, or, you know, business as usual, it supports my trade idea, right? So I'm just literally scanning through the headlines to see what makes sense to my trade ideas and the trades that I'm in, right? So if I'm talking, if I'm thinking about risk off, obviously, you know, China COVID outbreak, it's spending more damage to come. So that's something to be aware of as well, because that's, you know, China economics. And again, if you don't trade a Chinese one, but from a risk off sentiment perspective, that could be something coming down the pipeline, right? And that's all I'm doing. I'm just literally looking through the headlines, and then trying to, I guess, really focus in on the ones that are directly correlated to my trade. And there's going to be lots of things. And this does take time to do. It's not a skill that you can just get just like that. It comes with experience, right? So the more you do and the more you read, you actually learn, it's like speed reading, right? You know, the more you do it and the more you practice it, is the better you become. So it's just a case of understanding, you're going to have to read a few articles, you're going to have to pick, you know, sense from nonsense, as my dad always says, you know, basically, you might read some articles that might be like, that was a waste of time. But you had to read it to know that it was a waste of time so that you know what to potentially look for, not look for in the future. So


Hello friends, how are we doing? This is always my beginning or fall outfit. This is like the dress that I go to when fall is beginning fall. You do campy stuff like this. It's important that the execution is like superb. Yes. Otherwise, it's just going to look like a Halloween costume. I am going to boot it. So I'm going to boot this as well. Sometimes I wear a hat. I feel like I wore the hat. I wore this exact outfit in my last fall TBR. But it's the fall outfit. If you get it, you get it. If you don't, you don't. Do we want the hat? I don't even know where the hat is. I think the hat has gone walkies. I found it. It's going to be a bit crumpled though. I don't think we want the hat today.  No, we're not going with the hat today. So yeah, today we're going to be chatting through my fall TBR. I know it's not quite technically fall yet. It's like the end of September, isn't it? But like, let's be honest, everyone's getting into the full vibe. I'm feeling left out. In the UK, it's been so hot. Today is the first caller day we have. So I was like, right, I'm filming this now. So we're going to be chatting through 10 books I'm going to be reading in the fall. And I'm going to pair the ones that are in videos together, together. And I want to see if you can guess what the videos are. Then I've got, I think, three books at the end where I don't, I thought the whole thing was about to fall down, then Jesus Christ. I got about three books at the end that I don't have any set plans to read. But I am just hoping to fit into other videos this fall. So we'll see. We'll see if I get lucky with that. But shall we just get into it and chat about the books I'm going to be reading this fall? There's lots of horror on this list. There's lots of mysteries. There's lots of gothic books. So let's get into it, shall we? So the first two books that are paired together on my full TBR are The Dark Descent of Elizabeth Frankenstein by Kirsten White and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle. Can we guess what the video for these is? I don't know, I'm not psychic. So we'll talk about Sherlock first because this was in TBR Cludeau for this month. So I have the Penguin Corphan Classic for this and this actually has The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes which are actually two separate books. This is a bind up of them. And you guys told me in TBR Cludeau I can count them as two separate books and I've actually made the decision I'm only going to read The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. I'm actually going to listen to the Stephen Fry audiobook and I'm going to read A Study in Scarlet first which I know is technically the first Sherlock Holmes book but that isn't in this. And then I'm going to read The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes because I kind of feel like I want to save some Sherlock Holmes for the future. I know there's probably other short stories other than what's in Adventures and Memoirs but I'm going to save memoirs for future times. I'm only going to be reading A Study in Scarlet and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. But I'm really excited. I mean like Sherlock is like the ultimate British detective really, isn't he? And I've never read any Sherlock Holmes as much as I like to pretend to be him when I'm trying to solve mysteries. I've never read Sherlock Holmes and so I'm intrigued to see how my like societal perception of Sherlock as a character matches up to what is in these books. But this is now one of the oldest books on my TBR that I've been meaning to get around to forever. And obviously I'm really proud of myself for tackling a classic. And then The Dark Descent of Elizabeth Frankenstein I'm going to be also, I don't know much about this. I really want to read Mr. Magic by Kirsten White which has just come out. But I know it's something to do with Frankenstein. It's a reimagining of Frankenstein but we're following Elizabeth who I think is friends with Victor Frankenstein. I don't really know. But I'm reading this for a certain video. Can we guess how these pads get out? We've got Sherlock, we've got Frankenstein. I think you can guess the rough vibe I'm going for here but I don't think you're going to get the, I don't think you're going to guess it exactly. I don't think you're going to get it. You naughty, naughty.  This is going to be my introduction to Kirsten White and I know this isn't one of her most popular books but it is like an older YA and I'm feeling like, you know, it could be a vibe. I'm intrigued to read it. So that is the first pairing for a vlog. Then, oh, this is exciting. Okay, the next vlog is a lot of other books that are going to be in this vlog but the two that I'm going to tell you about are Lost in a Moment and Found by Sean McGuire and The Teen Dagger Challenge. I'm so excited for both of these. These are both going to be five stars. I can just tell you now, right this second, both of these are going to be five stars. Both of them are going to be five stars. Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Are delusional. So, we'll start with the T-Dragon tapestry because I just think this, this is the last in the T-Dragon series. Isn't it such beautiful, autumnal colors? You guys don't get it. This is one of the most lovely graphic novel series I've ever read. I cannot wait to get into all of Kayo Neal's backlist because it makes me feel something. It makes me feel a lot, in fact, it really makes me feel a lot. I love this series and we're following the characters from the first book. The second book is a prequel but in this, we're back in like the present day with the characters from the first book and oh my God, just, you guys, tell me, oh, I'm going to cry. I can't even look at it. I am so excited. It's just kind of this fantastical story. These stories often have a lot of heart to them. They're so heartwarming. They often have a very diverse cast of characters which I really appreciate and I'm going to be reading it soon. I'm going to finish this series. Isn't this exciting? I'll be excited. It's absolutely stunning. You look stunning, darling. So stunning. Oh my God, wait. The quote at the top is a tender, lovingly crafted book about growth, longing, grief and renewal. Renewal, renewal, renewal, renewal, renewal, renewal. Okay, that I want to read over and over again. I love the T-Dragon so much. And then yeah, you guys will also know that the Wayward Children series is one of my favorite series of all time. I love Sean McGuire, she can do no wrong and this series is usually a five-star now for me because I'm so deep into the world, the series, the characters that like it's always a five-star. So these are little novellas and this is the next one. Well, this came out at the start of the year, lost in the moment and found and I'm finally going to be reading it. Aren't we excited? Yeah. Woo, yeah, I'm so excited. I've been putting this one off because I know it deals with heavier topics so I've been trying to wait for a time that I feel like I can handle it. I think it deals with child abuse and topics like that. I believe there is a trigger warning or an author's note at the beginning. But yes, that is two books. I'm going to be reading in the same vlog again. Get your guesses in down below. I want to see what your guesses are. Are you going to guess these? Hmm, what do these books have in common?  The next book, I know I'm going to be reading but there's two different like iterations of this vlog that I don't know. I don't know, okay. There's two different variations of this vlog I'm debating doing and I don't know for either of those vlogs what the other books slash books I would read are but I know that this book I'm going to read either way. So this is the only book for this vlog. So it's not much help but I am going to be reading Slu Fit by Brom in October and I'm very, very excited. Boogie, oogie, coogie and creepy. I want to read this for so long. This is a dark horror. It's got like, oh my God guys, the illustrations on this. Where are they? Excuse me. Oh yeah, at the middle. Oh my God. Are we freaking out? Are we? So it's set in Kineska in 1666 an ancient spirit awakens in a dark word. They call him Slu Fit demon devil. And then there's like a recently widowed outcast. He's the only one she can turn to for help together. They ignite a battle between pagan and Puritan. I'm so excited. I've had such good things about this. I've wanted to get to it the whole year but I thought, yeah, I should save this for spooky season. This is a spooky season book and I'm saving it for spooky season. I'm really excited. A ton of territory. Oh, I'm really excited. Everyone who I've seen read this has loved it. So I'm going to be reading this. I haven't told you what the other books are but can we guess, you probably can't guess. This one you can't guess but I'm really, really excited. I think, again, I think a lot of these are like five star predictions, guys.  I just think she's very delusional and maybe possibly insane. I keep saying that about all the books I'm reading and then I end up not getting five stars but like you have to have hope in this world, right? A lack of hope. I mean, what's the point if you have a lack of hope? What's the point in carrying on? So anyways, reading Slu Fit in October. Then you won't guess what vlog this is because these books have no relation to one another but I am in a vlog going to be reading Netherland Bones by Teaking Fisher and the Golden Spoon by Jess and Maxwell. I have not decided what the other books I'm gonna be reading in this vlog are yet. Maybe Saga, Volume 2 as well.  How does, how does, where is it? Let me get it out, I guess. How does Saga, Volume 2, Netherland Bones by Teaking Fisher and the Golden Spoon by Jess and Maxwell, how do they go together? Saga is a sci-fi, I don't really know. I can't remember what is a spoon of this or not but it's like a, it's a sci-fi, graphic novel, comic book kind of thing. We're following a young family in particular as they try to survive, they're being hunted down. That was a little bonus teaser but Golden Spoon and Netherland Bones I've spoken about recently in TBR Clude. But the Golden Spoon is Murder Mystery with the Great British Bake Off. I mean, come on now. I'm obsessed. I am going to this with camp expectations, not great literary expectations, camp expectations. And then I am so excited to read Netherland Bones having read A House with Good Bones by Teaking Fisher and loving it, I gave that a 4.5. And this is fantastical. We're following, I think a girl who wants to kill a prince but she has to complete three impossible tasks to do so. And I'm just so excited to read all of Teaking Fisher's stuff. I think her writing is incredible, incredible. Like I'm obsessed, I'm obsessed, I'm obsessed. She seems to have this humor in her writing but also there's this like deep understanding of human emotion and human feelings and I just am obsessed. So I think this is gonna be a great reading vlog but I haven't decided what else and I need quite a few other books, that's all I'm gonna say. And then we have the three books that I most wanna get to this fall but I have no plans to. So let's see where I can fit them in. So first we have Starling House by Alex E. Harrow. I was lucky enough to get an arc of this as it comes out in October. And the plot is that there's this weird house. Everyone just says leave it alone. It's like a little bit cursed but Opal I think her main character is like, mm yeah, I'm interested, I'm interested. So yeah, I don't know a ton about it but it's Alex E. Harrow and the, where is she? There she is. The Once and Future Witches by Alex E. Harrow is one of my favorite books, I get five stars. And there's just something about her writing that is impeccable, impeccable. Like I'm obsessed, like her writing is beautiful. It's lush, it's lyrical, it's emotional, it's amazing. So, Starling House, I just feel like this gothic vibe, this eerie vibe, I have to read it this fall. Like if I want to read this at the perfect time, like I'm always stressing out about, I have to read it this fall. I can't do it. You can, you can do it, you can. Then another one that I really wanna get to is Just Another Missing Person by Gillian McAllister. So I loved Wrong Place Wrong Time last year by Gillian McAllister. I thought it was such a unique mystery thriller and this one sounds very intriguing as well. I'll just, I always like this blurb here. So we've got Olivia, 22 years old, no history of running away. Last seen on CCTV, entering a dead-end alley and not coming back out again, okay, drama. Julia is the detective heading up the case. She knows what to expect, a desperate family, but Julia has no idea how close to home it's going to get because her family's safety depends on one thing. Julia must not find out what happened to Olivia. The drama, isn't that dramatic? I don't know, I'm really excited to read Gillian McAllister's next book. I feel like she could become a new favorite mystery thriller author for me. Like I'm just, I just feel that Wrong Place Wrong Time was so good, it was so good guys. And I just feel like this is gonna hit. It's gonna hit in the same way and I'm just, I'm like uncontrollable. I can't wait to read it. So hopefully I'll fit this in somewhere. And then the last book is probably the least fully out of these. I reckon all the other books on this list have been quite, you know, full vibes. I wanna read Love Theoretically by Ally Hayesward. I haven't read it yet. And we know Ally Hayesward, she's my favorite romance author. So my favorite romance author, favorite romance author. I love Ally Hayesward and I haven't read this yet and it's just gonna be a good time. I know I'm gonna give this at least four stars. I've given her a five and a, I think I gave Love on the Brain a 4.5 but I have such good feelings about this. Me and Ally Hayesward, we just get along. She gets me, she understands me. She knows who I wanna be as a person. I just think, I'm talking about her romances that are fun. I think because she used to write fan fiction, I always say I dabbled in fan fiction back in it. Not as much as some people. I was never Wattpad. I was a Tumblr fan fiction girl. I'm a little bit concerned. And so there's something about this that feels nostalgic. I recognize the kind of beats of it. And yes, it is kind of the same thing over and over again but I don't care. I don't care. Miss Ally gets it. So there we have it. That is my full TBR. I feel like a lot of books are like perfect vibes for fall. That was my aim with making this TBR. Like even T drunk society is like full colors but so many of these like gothic vibes, dark mysteries. I'm so excited. I love, this is my favorite reading time, okay? Autumn is the best reading time. It's the best reading time. And not just for horror and spooky books but for murder mysteries. Everything comes alive in autumn. So I'm really excited to read all these books. Please let me know what you thought of any of these. And if you got to the end, comment an autumn leaf emoji. You know the falling leaves that are brown. Comment that because we need to, you know, I actually want autumn now. I don't want summer anymore. So thank you guys so much for watching and I'll see you very soon in another video. Bye.


So you chose to go for the star flavor of the tutorial. So we will use the output that we already checked, which is the gene counts. And maybe we will just have a look to understand what we need to do to reformat this output. So I click outside, I go scroll down to the star counts, which are here. I just click on the first one, click on the I to have a preview. And what I need to have at the end is just one line per gene and two columns, one with the ID, one with the counts. And what you can see is that on the first four lines we have statistics, so we will need to discard this. And then we have the counts for the unstranded, the first one and the second strand, and we only want the unstranded. So we want to keep the two first columns and to remove the first four lines. So let's start with removing the statistics. So we will use a tool which is called a tail. So select last lines from a dataset tail. And then what we want is to process the whole collection. So we process everything at once and we select the counts. So in my case, it's 43 on collection 26 reads per gene. I click here. And then what I want is to not keep the last end lines because I don't know how many lines there are, but I will keep everything from this line on. So if you remember correctly, there were four lines with statistics. So we want to keep from line five. And then we run the tool. I go back to the history to check that it has been run. And we can see that we have one data, one collection that will be created. And even if it's not launched yet, we can do the second step, which is to cut to keep only the two first columns. And so we will use cut columns from a table. And here we need to give the number of the columns, so column one and column two. This is exactly what we want. And we want to do it on the output of the select last. So it's a collection. And this is what is put by default. So I just run the tool. So perfect. Now I have my output. I just need to wait that the two are run. So the two jobs have finished. And now I can check on the cut how it looks like. I look on the 77. And I can find back my first gene 732 with the 780 columns. So everything is perfect. I have files that I can use. So I will rename the collection. Just click on the pencil. And I will rename it feature count like files. They save the new name when I go back to the history. Now I have my feature count like files. Another output that I will need in the path 2 is the size of each gene. And while a feature count will compute it during the counting, there is a tooling galaxy that we can use to do that. It's called gene lens and GC content. So you may have two versions. So just here is version 1.1. And this is not the one we want. So if you click on the small cubes versions, you can switch to the 1.2. And now what we want to do is select a GTF, which is from my history. It's the same GTF as always. And what I want to compute is not the GC content and gene lens, just the gene lens. And then I run the tool. And this I can keep it for the second step. Now you will be able to join the video that I made for the feature count.


My name is Karezma. Kuna kijana mbukne, lebi jali muna trails and tribunations. That's just sometimes.


Now, as gunshots echo across the windswept snow-covered reaches of the wild northwest, Quaker-puff wheat and Quaker-puff rice, the breakfast cereal shot from guns, present the challenge of the Yukon. It's Yukon King, swiftness and strongest lead dog of the northwest, blazing the trail for Sergeant Preston of the northwest mounted police, his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers. On King, on you his keys. Gold, gold discovered in the Yukon, a stampede to the Klondike in the wild race for riches. Back to the days of the Gold Rush, with Quaker-puff wheat and Quaker-puff rice, bringing you the adventures of Sergeant Preston and his Wonder Dog Yukon King, as they meet the challenge of the Yukon. You can tell by the stars. Yes, follow the breakfast tip of many a top-action Hollywood movie star. Eat a heaping bowl full of nourishing, delicious Quaker-puff wheat or Quaker-puff rice topped with milk or cream and fruit. There's a treat that can't be beat. So latch on to delicious Quaker-puff rice and Quaker-puff wheat, the famous, ready-to-serve breakfast cereals shot from guns. Lige Watson had staked his claim close to the waterfall on Cascades Creek, and unlike most of the miners who had come up there during the rush, he built a comfortable cabin for himself and his son, 10-year-old Ty. Now, with the first snow of winter lying white on the ground, all of the prospectors were leaving the creek. Lige was the only one who had struck paydirt in any quantity and had looked as if he and Ty would soon be the only people left on the creek. But the boy didn't mind. He had his dog a beautiful collie to keep him company, and he asked for no better friend. Then, one fine morning, he went out to the run in back of the cabin and opened the gate. Come on, lady! There was no answering bark to his invitation.  The run was empty. Lady! Lige came out of the cabin. Where's... but she couldn't jump over the fence. No. There's footprints here, Ty. Men's footprints. She's been stolen. I'm afraid so, son. I heard a bark last night. I thought it was only because she'd heard a wolf. Someone who wanted to use her as a sled dog. What are we going to do? What am I going to do without Lady? Ah, don't you worry. We'll find her. How? Oh, somehow, son. But there's no telling where they've taken her. I have to go down to Dawson, Ty. I'll report it to the Northwest Mounted Police. To Sergeant Preston? Yes, to Sergeant Preston. Oh, that's all right, then. The Sergeant and King will find Lady for me. They've got to, Pa. They will, son. And so Lige and Ty traveled down to Dawson. Sergeant Preston was out when the man and the boy asked for him at headquarters. They said their business was personal. They were shown into his office to wait. King was with the Sergeant when he returned. As soon as he saw the boy, he trotted over to him. It's King, Ty. Hello, King. Hello, Sergeant. My name is Lige Watson. Oh, you do. I'm afraid I don't remember. We've never met before, Sergeant.  But I promised the boy we'd have a talk with you. King likes me to scratch him behind his ear, Pa. He's a great dog, Ty. Talk about what, Lige? Oh, about Ty's dog, Lady. She's a collie. She's golden white and her ears stand up real straight. Just like King, Sergeant. She's a beauty. Oh, but she is. But she's been stolen. Either that or she's run away. Lady has never run away? No, I don't think she would. Of course, I realize you have more important things on your mind, Sergeant. Still, Ty felt that if we asked you... Please find her for me. I'll do my very best, son. Now, let's have some details. Where do you live and when did Lady disappear? Tell me all about it. We live on Cascade's Crick. We went up there when the rush was on last summer and staked a claim. The one just before the waterfall. Do you know the Crick? Yes, but I thought it was deserted now. It is, except for Ty and me. Depending on the gold? Some. I found Paydirt in a strange place, Sergeant, in a big cave directly under the falls. Oh, yes, I remember. It's really a series of caves that go way back into the ridge. There's a spring in the farthest one, and what's more, there's gold. It's a good deal better than a grub steak digging. My congratulations. Oh, I'm making out all right. The other prospectors didn't find much on the Crick banks. They all moved out with the first snow. About a month ago? Yes. And they needed sled dogs. Yes, it was then that Lady was stolen. Any idea who it might have been? There were hundreds of men up there. I heard her barking the night she was taken. She slept in a run in back of the cabin. She always used to bark when the wolves howled. So I only woke up for a minute and went right back to sleep again. So naturally you didn't see anybody. I can't see anybody, Sergeant. Oh. But I could go every place with Lady. I just took all of her harness and she'd lead me. She was a wonderful companion. I miss her a lot. I can imagine. Golden Whitecher said.  And a tip of white on her tail, didn't she, Pa? Of course, she wasn't anywhere near as big as King. About so high, Sergeant. We'll have every member of the force look for her all over the Yukon, Dye. Oh, gosh. Thanks, Sergeant. I'd like to give this description to Constable Downey. Lodge, will you come with me, please? Of course. We'll be back in a moment, Dye. Lodge, I didn't realize about the boy. Is he completely blind? Almost. But when it looks at you, he seems to be seeing you. I mean, his eyes seem to focus. It's as if you were a shadow, Sergeant. A dark shadow and a gray nest. That's the way he describes it to me. Or has he always been? No, two years ago. Five years ago, he had a bad fall hit his head. It started then. Can't something be done for him? I've had him with doctors. Why don't you stop at the hospital and let Doc Mundy examine him? I've practically given up hope. You can't do that with a boy like Dye. Well, sure, if you think it's a good idea, Sergeant. I certainly do. Come on, let's go. And so, Dye was taken to the hospital and Dr. Mundy made his examination. Afterwards, he talked with the Sergeant in Lodge. I can't give you any real hope, Lies. I was afraid not. That is, I can't do anything for him myself. But there is a possibility that an operation might give him back his sight. Really? There's a surgeon in San Francisco, an old friend of mine named Sam Warren. He's had a number of complete cures. That sounds wonderful. I don't want it to sound too wonderful, Sergeant. You see, the conditions may have been entirely different. Now, are you the doctors in San Francisco, you say? Could you take him there? In the spring, maybe we could. Well, I'll write Sam today. I'll tell him exactly what I found. And then, all we can do is wait for his recommendation. We can try to find Lady. That's what we'll be doing instead of waiting. I sure hope you do. It would mean so much to him. I know what losing his dog means to a boy, Lies. I meant it when I said that the whole force would be looking for her. Thanks much, Sergeant. And thank you, Doc. Well, Dye and I will be getting back to the creek now. There's always the chance that Lady will be waiting for us when we get there. But the collie had not returned to Cascades Creek. And during the months that followed, the Northwest mounted were unable to find any trace of her. In time, nearly every man who had been at the creek when she disappeared had been questioned. Then, late in February, Sergeant Preston got ready for a patrol of the Indian villages north of Beaver City. He was just about to start out from headquarters when Doc ran up to him waving a letter. Sergeant! Sergeant! Good news! Really? I got this letter from Sam about the Watson boy. He's more than optimistic. He's sure that the blindness must be caused by pressure in the optic nerve that an operation can release it. He'll be able to see her again? A very good chance. Will you be anywhere near Cascades Creek? I was going to stop there on my way home. Well, here, take the letter. Let Lies read what Sam says for himself. All right. I'll be there in about a month. Perhaps it'll make the boy forgive us for not being able to find his dog. No word. None. But this is great. So long, Doc. Have a good trip, Sergeant. Thanks. All right, King. And King! The reason that the Northwest Mounted had been unable to find any trace of Lady was that she spent most of that winter chained outside of an old trappers' cabin deep in the forest near Beaver City. After their failure to find gold at Cascades Creek, Buzz Farley, Mack MacFall, and Silk Shelby had moved into the cabin and converted to the profession they had followed in San Francisco, robbery. Beaver City was the scene of their operations. But since most of their dogs were stolen, they had never driven either of their teams into the town. Now, however, during the second week in March, they were planning to make an exception to their rule. We'll have to drive right up the express office. We'll need both our sleds to carry the gold. There's that much, huh? Yeah, and it'll help us make a fast getaway. Why don't we come back here? We settle that once. Cascades is a full day's travel. Who'll see us on that trail? And while we get there, we'll be able to hide out for as long as we want. Are you sure about the gold being in the safe? I saw them unload it this afternoon. They won't be taking it to Dawson until tomorrow. Tonight's the night. You can handle the safe, Mack, huh? How about getting out of the office? The force of window. It's simple. The whole job won't take more than 15 minutes. Well, it's after midnight now. Let's get started. A moment later, the men were harnessing their teams. As soon as Lady was freed of her chain, she tried to get away from Buzz. Cut that out, you mutt! Collie's more trouble than she's worth. Give her a good fell over the head. Yeah. Yeah, I'll give you a hand with it. Just hold it. Steady, you're steady. That's it. How about it, Silk? Ready. By my board, Buzz, I'll drive. That suits me. Hey, Mush! The streets of Beaver City were deserted when they reached the town. They drove straight to the express office and stopped their teams in the shadows at the side of the building. Mack went to work on one of the windows of the Jimmy. You need any help? No, no. You first. Got the lantern? Yeah. Keep a sharp look out, Silk. Pass the word if you see anybody at all. Okay. All right. Hold it. I like the lantern. Right. Back at the counter. Come on. Keep that lantern shady. Hell, I am. Well, it saves an old timer. I'll have it open in five minutes. How's she coming?  Hey, you're there. What are you doing at the express office? What are you doing? Why, anyway? We better get out of here. I'll wait. Answer me.  I got a gun here. There's no five. It's there.  Can't you get the safe open? No, no, no time. Come on. Put the gold. You fool, Silk. I had a shoot. He was coming after me with the gun. We didn't have time to get the safe open. Look, they're coming out of the cafe. Get going, Silk. Right. Right. We'll continue our adventure in just a moment. Alarm clock. Who said that? Where? Am I dreaming? No, I can't be. I just turned off the alarm. Yes, that's better. But I don't know what to do. I just turned off the alarm. Yes, that's better. But you, an alarm clock talking. Yes, don't be alarmed. That's impossible. Ridiculous. But what? Might be a monotonous advance. Sure, I work and work to wake you up.  But you get to eat the breakfast cereal shot from guns. Ah, yes. That is the best part of getting up. A bowl of delicious, well-tasting Quaker Puffed Wheat or Quaker Puffed Rice topped with fruit and milk or cream. You really would love Quaker Puffed Wheat and Quaker Puffed Rice. You know, they're the choice king-size, flavor-rich kernels exploded up to eight times normal size. They're actually shot from guns. That's how millions feel about Quaker Puffed Wheat and Quaker Puffed Rice. Oh, I don't mean talking alarm clocks. I mean you fellas and girls. For your breakfast treat tomorrow morning, be sure to enjoy Quaker Puffed Wheat or Quaker Puffed Rice. Shot from guns. Now to continue. Macbuzz and silk drove out of town and on into the forest. They headed straight for the north and by daybreak had reached the Cascades Trail on the far side of the forest. They traveled fast all that day, hardly stopping to eat. Lady worked with a will for the first time in months she was on her way home. They reached the creek shortly after nightfall and drove on past one tumble-down cabin after another, the only evidence of the previous summer's rush. At last they stopped before one that was in better condition than the other. Now, Lady couldn't control her eagerness. Home was so close, Buzz could hardly restrain him. Cut it out. Looks if she wants to keep on going up the creek. I'll teach her. I'll beat her to a pulp. No, no way. Flip this leash on her. What's the idea? This was where we picked her up, remember? Probably thinks her owner's still around. Yeah, she might be. Right. Yeah, give me the leash. Okay, here. Hey, where you going? Wherever she wants to go. Wait here. Mac allowed himself to be pulled forward as Lady strained against the leash. Half a mile farther on, they rounded a bend in the creek and Mac could see the lighted windows of Lige Watson's cabin. Yeah, this is far enough. Beyond the cabin, the frozen waterfall gleamed in the moonlight. Near its base, there seemed to be an opening in the ice. Looks like the entrance to a cave. It could be a vacuum, but we're going back. Ty had already gone to bed and Lige was weighing out some gold dust when he heard the teams stopping outside his cabin. Well, travelers. Hello. Howdy. Having trouble with your team? That one dog seems to... Hey, that's Lady. So you recognize the college? I sure do. All right, inside, Mr. You're covered. Crooks, please.  Hey, not a bad setup, Mac. Plenty of supplies. I like gold dust. Maybe he's got a lot of it. What do you want? We'll decide that later. Who's that in the next row? My son. He's only a boy. No, I'm not your pa.  And you, Mr. Take a seat. I want you to answer a few questions.  Mac, Buzz, and Silk took turns shooting questions at Lige for the next 15 minutes. Then... Mr. I'm going to give it to you straight. We had a little trouble in Beaver City and we're looking for a nice quiet place to settle down for a while. Settle down and take it easy. I suppose you robbed the bank. Now I was the express office. And we had to leave in a hurry. Yeah, all your fault. Silk, why'd you have to shoot? Why, hadn't we been in jail? All in charge wouldn't be murder. Cut it out. That was safe, mister. We're in a little jam. So we're going to stay here with you until it blows over. Murder. Don't make trouble. You might be next. I'll give you all the gold dust I have if you only clear out and leave us alone. Later on, we'll stay a while. First you can cook us some grub. Afterwards, we'll take a look at your claim inside the cave. Go on, get to work, some grub. Lodge was forced to cook supper for the three men. Afterwards, Buzz stayed in the cabin while Mack and Silk went with Lodge to inspect his diggings in the cave. They had been gone for half an hour when Buzz heard a dog team. Those aren't our dogs. Better put out the lamp. He was worried to the window. He watched the driver stop his team just outside the cabin worse. And more of it, that's Imani. Couldn't be looking for us. We'll make the boy get rid of him. Kid, come on, wake up. I'm awake. Now listen, there's Imani outside. You'll have to let him in. But I want you to get rid of him fast. That's up to you. He'll have seen your dogs. They're out in the back in the run. Go on, answer the door. Now wait a minute. I'll take it with you. I haven't got any matches. I'll do it. Then I'll take it. Yes, sir. Now listen. I'm going to stay here in this room but I'll have the door open a little. I'll have you covered every second. Try to tip that Imani off about us and I'll let you have it. I don't know how to get rid of him. You better think of something, kid. Now hurry up. Just as soon as I get into my pot. Go on. All right. Hello, Ty. Sergeant Preston and King. Come in. As soon as King entered the cabin he trotted over to the bedroom door, sniffed curiously and returned to his master's side. Salam, won't you? Wasn't your father around? No, he isn't. He won't be back. Oh, where's he going? You know the Indian village on the other side of the ridge? Yes. Well, there's some sickness. The chief came over and asked the pod to go back with him. But he won't be able to help much.  I know the chief would appreciate it a lot. Well, yes, Ty. There's no reason why I shouldn't lend a hand. I have some medicine on my sled. They'll appreciate it. Before I go, I have some good news for you. Look, I mean, here's a letter, Ty. For me? Oh, that's swell. Do you mind if I read it right now? What? Well, I know, Ty. So, Salam and I get all there. Hey, it's from Jeff in Beaver City. You must have passed through there. What do you know? Lots of excitement, huh, Sergeant? Were you there when they tried to hold up the express office? No, I wasn't. Jeff says there was one man killed and the crooks got away. You suppose they came this way, Sergeant? I'm not working on that case, Ty. Oh, I thought you might be. No, but I'd better be on my way. Yeah. You'll be all right here for a little while. Oh, sure. Perhaps your father and I'll be back before morning. Sure. Bye, Ty. Goodbye, Sergeant. Come on, King. No, you can't really.  I got rid of him, didn't I? He's gone on to the Indian Village. He tried to tip him off, reading him that letter. Let me see that. No! Nobody could have wrote you about us. There hadn't been time to... Ah, dear doctor. Hey, what is this? Up with your hands. Sergeant! Up with them. I'll take that gun. You get me, though. No, Ty. I only drove around in back. Who is this man? He's one of the crooks. There are three of them. I've never been anywhere near Beavis City. What happened there? They tried to hold up the express office. They shot a man. Where's your father? He's in the cave for the other two. I don't get it. How'd you figure out he was pulling a fake when he read in this letter? Obviously, because I knew what was in the letter. And because he knows I can't read. Huh? I'm blind. You what? You may not be for long, Ty. There's good news in the letter. I'll read it to you since I got the other two. In the cave? With Pa, yeah. I'll tell you this one up first. Buzz was bound hand and foot. Then the sergeant and king started for the cave. But they had barely stepped outside the cabin when they heard voices. Easy boy. There was the glimmer of a lantern at the opening of the cave. Lige was carrying it. Come on, King. We'll wait around the corner of the cabin. I didn't get as far as the door. We can't take a chance on shooting it out. Lige might be hurt. The sergeant and king waited in the shadows. Lige was walking in front of Mack and Silk. I must have panned out a fortune. Yeah, that's what I say. A real lucky guy. Lige reached the door and opened it. The sergeant went into action.  Silk dropped to the ground, but the effort threw the sergeant off balance. And Mack, whirling to meter his attack, drove a right to his jaw. The sergeant fell. Mack threw his gun. King leaped at him. But Mack was a big man and stood up under the force of the charge.  Now the sergeant was up, still unwilling to shoot because of Lige standing just behind Mack. He hosted his gun and grabbed Mack's gunhand as he tried to level on the sergeant once more. It was a test of strength. A moment charged with suspense. And then the gun shot out of Mack's hand. But at the same moment, he wrenched free of the sergeant and drove another crashing right to the sergeant's jaw. The sergeant staggered back. Mack started for his gun. But King, on his feet again, barred his path. The sergeant waited in both fists flying and Mack was forced to give ground before his attack. He fought back savagely. King barked encouragement to his master. Mack was a huge man and possessed of bull-like strength. Still, he was unable to match the sergeant's skill with his fists. And so he fought his way through a flurry of rights and lefts and wrestled the sergeant to the ground. Over and over, they rolled down the creek bank. King would have liked to follow them, but Silk was showing signs of returning consciousness and the great dog felt that he must stand guard over him as the sides picked up the sergeant's revolver. Don't worry about this one, King. I've got him covered now. King raced down the bank after his master. The sergeant regained his feet at the bottom of the bank. So had Mack. Mack charged again. The sergeant let him come in. He knew he was weakening. He knew also he must concentrate every ounce of effort in one punch. He swung hard. His right cracked into Mack's jaw. The big man wavered for a second and then crashed to the ground. The fight was over. An hour later, Mack, Silk and Buzz were sitting on the floor of the cabin. Their hands tied behind their backs. King was lying beside the sergeant's chair. Lady stood with her head on Tye's knee, gazing up into his face. While Lige read the letter the sergeant had brought from Doc Mundy. Yes, by all means, send me the boy. I trust your diagnosis and from it I'm almost certain the operation will be a success. What do you think of that, Tye? It'll be awfully expensive, won't it? Don't you worry about that. The sergeant saved our goal for us so we have plenty. It'll be wonderful. It won't have to be my eyes anymore, Lige. Oh, my gosh. It's wonderful to have you back. That's the best of everything. Well, do you have any trouble getting these crooks to Beaver City, sergeant? I don't think so. We've packed more dangerous things. Silk did the shooting. You can't charge Mack and me with murder.  Sure, we broke into the express office. Robbery, armed... But it was silk that shot the man.  Too bad you didn't investigate the law a little before you decided to break it. If the man who was shot is dead, you'll be tried for murder. All three of you. It's my guess the jury won't be out very long. When they say guilty, this case will be closed. In just a moment, Sergeant Preston will give you a preview of Monday's adventure. Listen, fellas and girls, the minute you get one of the eight exciting Yukon Trail packages of Quaker Puffed Wheat or Quaker Puffed Rice, you'll want all the rest for sure. Right on these eight different packages, you get a total of 59 Yukon Trail packages. Just go to your grocers. There's no waiting, no box tops, no extra costs. With these larger, easier to build models, you have the Yukon Trail right before your eyes. The very places where Sergeant Preston and King have their exciting adventures. You get the General Store in Whitehorse and the Trading Post in Dawson City. You get the Klondike Mountain and Forest, the Indian Waterfall. You get Sergeant Preston's Cabin, his third son, the Indian Waterfall. You get Sergeant Preston's Cabin, his dog sled and team of Huskies. You get the Dawson City Landing Pier and the Yukon Queen Riverboat with a paddle that actually turns. So build your complete Yukon Trail from Whitehorse to Dawson right away. Every one of these 59 thrilling Yukon Trail models is yours at no extra cost. But remember, they come only on the big red and blue packages of delicious, nourishing Quaker Puffed Rice and Quaker Puffed Wheat. The original crisp, fresh, shot-from-gun cereal that is never sold in bags or bulk. Get them at your grocers now. Step on it. Listen one day, when Sergeant Preston and Yukon King meet the challenge of the Yukon in the case of hidden evidence. When King and I arrived in Salker, we got there just in time to help investigate a murder. Two brothers, good friends of mine, were involved. I was determined to get the murderer, regardless of where the chips might fall. But I didn't expect that King and I would find ourselves facing the killer's gun. Be sure to hear this exciting adventure, Monday. These radio dramas, a feature of the challenge of the Yukon Incorporated, are created by George W. Trendle, produced by Trendle Campbell Enterprises, directed by Fred Flower Day and supervised by Charles D. Livingston. The part of Sergeant Preston is played by Paul Sutton. They are brought to you every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at the same time by Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice. The breakfast cereal shot from guns. For a delicious hot breakfast, eat Quaker Oats. The giant of the cereal is Quaker Oats. Delicious, nutritious, makes you feel ambitious. The giant of the cereals is Quaker Oats. Say, boys and girls, you want to be a star someday in sports and activities? Then start on good Quaker Oats breakfast tomorrow. Because nourishing oatmeal gives you more growth and endurance than any other whole grain cereal. Remember, Quaker and Mother's Oats are the same. This is J. Michael wishing you good bye, good luck and good health from Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice. So long. This is ABC, the American Broadcasting Company.


Hello, beautiful. Wolf cuts are out and butterfly cuts are in. Maybe they can coexist. They're both really cute and they're both really fresh. And it's too soon to let the wolf cut go. That haircut is way too entertaining. They're more or less a very similar haircut, but the butterfly cut is an adaptation to the wolf cut, right? It's a little more escalated, a little more elevated. Today I'll be teaching you how to do the butterfly cut. So basically this haircut is going to give you a lot of face framing layers. It's going to be beautiful. It's going to be boom, like this, boom, like this. Stunning. We love layers. It is the vibe. It is the moment. And it is going to stay the moment for a while. You are going to have a lot of layering in the back as well, whereas the wolf cut really maintains those layers in the front area. And then it does get a bit more shaggy in the back. This one is a little bit more even, just tiny little details that have been changed. It's going to look like this and like this. Gorgeous. Let's do it. Hello, hello, Miss Manny Quinn. You look stunning today. And guess what?  You are getting a cute haircut. I know, it doesn't happen that often where you guys get to not get something bad done to your hair. Today, you're the chosen one. How do you feel about that? Great. Anyways, so what you're going to need in order to do this little butterfly cut project, baby, is a few things. The first thing is wet hair. Yes, that means you watching, trying to do this haircut. You also need to wet your hair. You are not exempt from that rule. Is the microphone on me? Hello, wet your hair. Cause I already know so many of you are going to watch this and then not wet your hair. If you wet your hair, it's going to help make the haircut more precise. It's going to be easier for you.   Sorry for hair's wet. Great, awesome guys. We're doing good so far. Now, obviously we're going to comb this out. Beautiful. The supplies you're going to need, a comb. Why am I using a white one on a white wall? It's not very good for this, but I also don't feel like getting another one. So we're going to use this today. This one is great. See how it has big teeth and little teeth? It helps you cut hair easier. You can section with these teeth and you can comb with these teeth. Well, they both comb, but you know what I mean. Scissors. Hair cutting scissors would be best. Just get something that'll actually cut your hair. Two of these. You probably have these, hopefully. You're going to use both of them. That's great, awesome. Optional moment, it's an optional moment. If you want to overachieve in this haircut and you have very thick hair, thinning shears are a friend. When you're doing a layered look and you're only doing two really quick cuts, these babies are essential. You can get those cheaply too somewhere. I don't know, do your research.  Do you? No, I'm a haircutter. Do you want to see how to do the haircut now? I'm doing it, okay, hold on. We are going to comb all the hair forward from the apex. So gorgeous, easy. If you don't know what the apex is, it's the highest point of your head. And you can find it if you just lay something flat on the top and you see where it touches. So I'm going to comb all of that forward from there. This doesn't need to be perfect. You know, obviously take your time with it, babe. Don't rush it, but you're doing great so far. And I'm just really proud of you. Head is turned this way towards me. That's her nose. We're going to go from the apex to behind the ear. Gorgeous. Okay, I'm going to do the same thing on the other side. There we go, that's right. And that, ladies and gents, and everything in between, that is our first section. Oh, your hair is very soft to this man. What have you been doing? We got that all good, all pulled tight, looking fabulous.  I'm pulling everything now to the middle of the brows. You do want to look like a unicorn. That is when you know you've done this section correctly. Make that as flat as possible, as straight as possible. Take our elastic. What a little ponytail in there, babes. Now, as you can see, this is already very similar to the wolf cut, except for the wolf cut, if you remember how to do that one correctly, because nobody really knows how to do it correctly, you just pull all the hair into one up here. This one is a bit more, this one is less, so that's what we're going to do. We're going to keep it that way. And then on the back, get ready. Flex your arms. You gotta do some push-ups before you do this, because you gotta lift the hair right up. Grab the hair and we're going to do a really high pony right to the apex, the highest point of the head. If there's one thing you ever learned from me, it is the word apex. Actually, I don't want it to be, oh, maybe you learned from me, that's kind of lame. I want you to be able to be the best hairdresser for yourself ever. That's my goal for you. Throw that hair tie in there, girl. We are already on step three. We are rolling and moving and grooving and it is going fast. That is our sectioning, baby girl. This is what you should look like. Half unicorn, half pony, kind of vibing with it. All right, we're ready to cut. I need you to do a little meditation for me before you do this. A little breathe in, breathe out, and a little bit of like concentration needs to be involved with this. Just like don't mess it up, okay? And hopefully your hair is still wet and if it isn't, grab a spray bottle or something. I don't know, figure it out. Now, what we aren't going to do when we start cutting is go like this and cut. We did put this at an angle on purpose and we want to cut in that same angle, continuing that line, not like this. That's very important. Are you listening?  I do see it so many times where people will just give themselves a trim with these like this. That's not enough hair. This is not going to be visible when you let it down. What you have to do is you have to cut off a significant amount of hair to see this haircut really come into life. But I do want you to work your way up. This sectioning is super easy. You can start off small. You can cut off two inches at a time and work your way up. You definitely don't need to do the whole, boom, nine, 10 inches off at once. So do experiment with it. Do not do it all at once and don't tell anybody that I told you to do it if it looks terrible. Yeah, don't do that. Just, we'll just, just keep it between us. All right, but she's going to get a significant amount of hair off because she wants it. I'm going to cut off this much more. All right, that's like two, three inches. Ooh. Oh yeah, baby. The first cut has been accomplished. We did it. We did that together and you slayed. Next, we are going to try to cut off the same amount of hair. Instead of going all the way up, we are going to bring this one a little bit forward.  So about four inches. You can use your fingers to measure hair, by the way. Two fingers is on average about an inch. So I'm going to try and cut off about four inches off of this top while directing it forward like this. You can't see anything, can you? Woo. We did the cut. Congratulations. It is that easy. All right, and then we're going to let this down and we're going to see what's going on. If I don't like it, we can do more. You know, I will show you in real time. If I don't like it, oh, I like it. Oh, this is enough layering for me. You will see how much more dramatic. In my opinion, this cut is then the wolf cut. Do you see how short you don't see anything? Do you? Well, you will see it when I'm dry, but her layers go up to about here. It is very much textured. It is giving life to her hair. Okay, now let's take this front section out. Let's let this go. And let's see those face frimming layers. Ooh. Look at this. That's what we want. Parting in the middle or wherever you part your hair. Let's get that in there. Fierce, fierce, fierce. This haircut gives you a lot of face fring layers. Now let's just connect the dots here. All right, this is the last and final step. See how this in the front is a bit shorter than the layering in the back. And we have this kind of like, we're just going to subtly get rid of that on an angle. Just connecting it. Don't do too much, please. Just do a little boom, stop, stop cutting. Now we are connected. Some of you may already be connected. Like this is very subtly. Like it is actually connected, but I just want to smooth that transition out a little bit more from the front to the back of our hair. We're obviously going to put in some force field heat shield to style our hair, to protect our hair from any kind of heat damage. And we'll make our style last forever while she's in the closet. Okay, and then we're going to put in some salty sea salt spray because this is just my go-to when I want gorgeous, glamorous texture and volume and sexiness. Yes, I use this for blowouts, not just to scrunch the hair, but if you do want to wear your hair natural.  Including also wave tech, but salty. Like girl, she looks hot. I'm going to blow dry this in today to get such a glamorous blowout with texture and volume and sexiness all around because I hair, well, I'm getting really into, getting really into this. With a haircut like this, you need that volume, that texture, that life, that body and the hair. Well, it's just not going to come alive. Let's see if I can do a middle part today. Yeah. What do we think? Middle part? Good enough. We're going to do a quick little halo section because that is how I love to blow dry these looks. Just makes everything so much easier. Boom, took me two seconds. Bang, gorgeous. Oh girl, she looks fine as hell. The look is almost complete, but let's top it off with some viper smoothing oil just because like who doesn't love a ton of shine in their hair. And this just adds that perfect amount of like oh hydration without making it oily and weighed down. Just going to scrunch that in there. Oh my God, I can't even handle the amount of volume and texture and body she has. And look at this face framing. Oh, damn, honestly, wow. New favorite haircut? Most definitely. Now, if you have extremely thick hair and it is looking a little bit chunky in parts, you can definitely take some thinning shears. And I like to just kind of look at where the chunkiness is. She doesn't have a lot of it, but if it was chunky, I would just go in there. And about two inches up from the ends, just thin it out. This helps blend anything that isn't blended. Like if we see a part that looks a little bit too like blocky, we're gonna go in there and just get rid of some bulk. This is also a nice thing to do to these like face framing layers because it makes it even more wispy and gorgeous. It really just depends what the look is that you're going for. I am gonna keep her really bold and big though. Like, cause I just think her face really suits this look. This is the final look. I could not be more obsessed. So as you can see with the butterfly cut, you're getting this extreme amount of layering in the front. And if you blow dry this all inwards, you would get like even more than what you're seeing right now. But look at this, like, ooh, hot. And it really holds the shape of a blowout. And in the back, you're gonna see all of that body and that movement and these shorter layers up on the top. You're getting that extreme amount of layering. You're getting that face framing in the front. You're keeping that length intact. I just can't stop touching it. I'm obsessed. This style I know is going to be huge. Thank you, Miss Manny Quinn, to your dismiss. So that is how you do the butterfly cut. I cannot wait to see you guys try this on your own hair. And if you end up trying it, I would love for you to record a video and show me. It is so much more exciting watching you do this than me doing this here in the studio. Like, I wanna see your creations. And who knows? You might just be in a hair just to react for better or for worse. If you wanna check out any of the products used in today's video, they are all linked below for you. You can also check out all of my products, my hair color and my hair care products at xmodohair.com. That is all for today, guys. Thank you so much for watching. And don't forget to live your extra life. And I'll see you next time. Bye.


Good afternoon, I guess we'll start. I'm Gigi Barthill, a member of the Historical Society, and it's great to welcome you all on this drizzly day. I'm glad this is a virtual tour of West Sanitary and not a actual one. I'll get very damp. Before we begin today's program, I have a bunch of announcements. I always lose track at the end, so I thought I'd start with the organized. Crystal, I do want to acknowledge with great thanks to Jones Library for hosting this meeting last time and the forthcoming time. It's very helpful to us. We'll be here in two weeks for Marjorie Seneschal's 100 Years of Silk in the Valley. So today, we have Bob Drinkwater, an historical archeologist who holds an MA in Anthropology from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. And for much of the past 50 years, he's been recording, photographing, and occasionally reporting on the 18th and early 19th century gravestones and stone cutters of Western Massachusetts. For the past decade or so, he has also been doing literally groundbreaking research on gravestones for members of underrepresented populations and recently completed a book about gravestones for African Americans, which is called In Memory of Susan Freedom, searching for the gravestones of African Americans in Western Massachusetts. And this book is forthcoming sometime. Maybe July. Maybe July, great. Bob is a charter member and past president of the Association for Gravestone Studies and has served several terms on the AGS Board of Trustees and was the recipient of the 2016 Harriet Merrifield Forbes Award. A resident of Worcester, she was a pioneer photographer of gravestones and also of domestic architecture in Worcester. And her original glass plate negatives were in the collection of the American Antiquarian Society, where I worked, but some of her other glass plate negatives are still there. I think we sold or gave away a lot of the glass plate negatives and maybe you have some of them, Bob. I might get you, yes. That would be nice. Anyway, it's a treat to have this presentation today. Please welcome, Bob Drinkwater. A good day to be indoors. This will be a fast-paced virtual tour of West Cemetery. What we now know as the West Cemetery was for nearly a century the only burying ground in town. During the 19th and 20th centuries, it evolved into a municipal cemetery and a destination for those who come to town to pay homage to Emily and Labinia. Many of the people who helped make Amherst what it is today are memorialized there, but many others, just as worthy, can be found at other local cemeteries. This is a plant of the cemetery that was included in the preservation plan developed by Denning Design Associates 20 years ago that little blue dot, that's where the Dickinson's are, the big blue dot is the area sometimes referred to as the knoll, which is where all of the local notables are to be found. Well, not quite all of them, many of them. This area here includes the original burying ground. This area, most of the eastern part of the cemetery, was added during the 19th century. This is a view of the old section. As you can see, there's a wide range of materials, and that's largely because during the 18th century, gravestones were being obtained from a large number of sources up and down the valley. And these are some of the men who made those gravestones. This is what I do most of my research on, but we won't talk about that today, and a few more of them. That's something for another time and another place. This is what the newer eastern portion of the cemetery looks like. Different materials, different forms, and many of those headstones and monuments actually came from local sources, from monument dealers and stone cutters based right here in Amherst. Now, I'm gonna begin the tour, not in the cemetery, but next door at the Strong House. This gravestone on the left is, I think, in the shed attached to the north end of the building. Is it still there, Marianne? It has been known to be there. And when Phil Shaver brought it to my attention several years ago, I took one look and said, I've seen that name and date somewhere before. And sure enough, in the cemetery, there's a marble stone for the same person. This is her original stone. This is a 19th century replacement. No doubt purchased to match the stone for her husband, Dr. Seth Coleman, who died in the 18 teens. Now, curiously, the foot stone that went with that original headstone is still in the cemetery. And I often wondered, should the original be returned to its rightful place, or right, which is rapidly weathering away? Anyway, not for me to decide. Now, of course, the main attraction at West Cemetery these days is the Dickinson Lot and we'll visit with them very shortly. But first, I want to pay tribute to Lucius Manlius Boltwood, for if it was not for him, we would not know anywhere near as much as we know about the early residents of Amherst and other towns that were formed from the original territory of Hadley. He was the son of Lucius and Fanny Boltwood, an Amherst College alum, class of 1843. He served as Amherst College librarian, as Amherst postmaster, and as a state legislator. Not only was he himself descended from one of Amherst's founding families, he compiled the genealogies of Hadley families, appended to Sylvester Judd's history of Hadley. Among the sources he consulted were the moss grown and crumbling two stones of all the old burying yards within the limits of ancient Hadley. I want to continue the tour with visits. Well, before we get there, let's consider the question of who do we visit today? Who's worth visiting? There are over 2,400 names on headstones and monuments at West Cemetery. Most of the monuments are for single individuals, but that's a lot of people to visit in one day, certainly a lot of people to visit in 45 minutes. So we need to be selective, but we don't want to be too biased. So I'm going to pick and choose a few of these and a few of those. And first, I thought we would visit a few of the founding families. A few weeks ago, Cinda Jones was here and we called the history of the Coles family. Jonathan Coles and his brother John were among the East inhabitants of 1731. The stone on the left is for Jonathan. It came from a shop in Northampton. The one on the right is for his wife Sarah and came from a source up Pellamway. Not far away in the old section of the cemetery is this stone for Simeon Strong. Simeon was the youngest son of Nehemiah and Hannah Edwards. A Yale alum, he was a lawyer, state legislator, and during his final years, a justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Of course, his house is now the home of the Amherst Historical Society. His marble gravestone, now a bit worse for wear, is signed on the back by its maker, Alpheus Longley of Hatfield. Emily and four generations of her ancestors are buried at West Cemetery. Her great-great-grandfather, Nathan, and his wife, Thankful, are reported to be buried there, but I have not been able to find gravestones for them. I have, however, found stones for her great-grandfather, her grandfather, and, of course, her parents. This is the Dickinson lot up on the knoll. What you see on the right there is what's left of what was once a very elegant gravestone for Esther Fowler Dickinson. It's been broken and mended countless times. I found no gravestone for Nathan, but his name is on the granite obelisk erected by one of his descendants, Perez Dickinson, in 1876. Nearby is this very massive and very impressive marble box tomb for Samuel Fowler Dickinson, Emily's grandfather. He died in Ohio. His body was brought back to Amherst. I don't know if he was buried here or in the same lot with Emily. On the other side of this monument, there is an inscription indicating that it was placed there by a descendant William Dickinson in 1881, several decades after Samuel Fowler had died. In the Dickinson plot, in lot 53, there is this marble gravestone for Samuel Fowler and Lucretia. This is probably his original stone. It's signed by its maker way down in the lower left corner. It came from the Kenny Shop in Northampton, and this stone was probably the model for all of the other gravestones in that lot, including the stones for Emily and her parents. A few years ago, they removed the fence around that cemetery and took it away for maintenance, and during that time, there was an unobstructed view of all of the gravestones in the lot, and I took full advantage of it. As you can see, Emily then, as now, is quite well looked after. Now, while we're up on the knoll, we should probably visit with some of the local clergy. Dr. David Parsons Jr., the first minister of the first church was born in Maldon, Massachusetts, educated at Harvard, yes. And he served as minister of the first church from 1735 until his death in 1781. The headstones and monuments for Reverend Parsons and several of his descendants occupy much of the knoll. What you see there is his table stone, and the high ground in the old section of the cemetery. Nearby are brownstone pillars for his son, Reverend David Parsons, I guess the third, who succeeded him. Harvard class of 1771, doctor of divinity, Brown. In 1800, he was appointed, he got his PhD in 1800. He was appointed to succeed his father. He served as pastor of the first church from 1782 until his dismissal in 1819. Though well regarded by many, Dr. Parsons, like his father, was a divisive figure. The elder Reverend Parsons and his son were Tories, parishioners opposed to the appointment of the younger Reverend Parsons, withdrew from the congregation and established the second church. What's now JCA? Dr. David Parsons and also on the knoll, a matching brownstone pillar for his son-in-law, Reverend Royal Washburn, who was installed as pastor of the first church in 1826, and served till his death on January 1st, 1833. In another area of the cemetery, the newer part, in fact, several other members of the local clergy are buried among them. Reverend Nathan Perkins, born in West Hartford, Connecticut, Yale alumnus, he served as pastor of the second church from 1810 to 1842. Not far away is this brownstone monument on the right for Reverend George Cook. Born in King, New Hampshire, he attended Dartmouth, served as pastor of the North Church from 1839 to 1852. His son, Lieutenant George E. Cook, died for wounds received at the Battle of Spotsylvania in May of 1864 and as a grave marker for him in the same lot. Not too far away is the Belden lot where Reverend Pomeroy Belden and many members of his family are buried. Reverend Belden was pastor of the second church from 1842 to 1849. He was born in East Waiteley, graduated from Amherst College, and subsequently attended Andover Theological Seminary. Mr. Belden was an earnest, faithful, and successful minister, winning to an uncommon extent the confidence and love of his people. At least six other members of his family are commemorated here, including his parents, Aaron and Sarah, and his brother Rufus, a leading physician whose services were in constant demand. In the shadow of the marble obelisk, there's a stone for Alexander Marr. And I'm wondering, who was he and what was his relationship to the Beldens? And I learned that as inscribed on the stone, he was a native of Aberdeen County, Scotland. He lived with a family of Aaron Belden for many years. Apparently, he was a farm hand. And when he died, there was a place for him in the Belden lot. And of course, we need to consider the college floor. Reverend Zephaniah Swift Moore was the first president of Amherst College. He was born in Palmer in 1770 and graduated from Dartmouth in 1793. Before coming to Amherst, he had served as president of Williams College. He is most famous, or infamous, for leaving Williams in order to found Amherst, taking some of the faculty and 15 students with him. He came to Amherst in 1821 and died two years later. The lengthy inscription, much of it in Latin, on his marble monument is weathering away, but within the past 20 years or so, Amherst College erected a smaller granite marker with the basic information, as you see there on the right. Nearby is the Snell lot. Ebenezer Snell, born in Northbrook Field in 1801, was one of the Williams College students who accompanied Reverend Moore when Moore assumed the presidency of Amherst. Snell was a member of the first class to graduate from Amherst and several years later was appointed professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. In 1867, he was appointed professor of mathematics at the newly established Massachusetts Agricultural College. Professor Snell and several members of his family are buried atop the knoll a short distance from the monument to President Moore. The graves of all but Snell's daughter Rebecca are marked by small marble blocks and among them is one for Francis Weilauf, inscribed for 33 years, devoted servant and friend. Yesterday on ancestry.com, I learned that she and her family immigrated to the United States in the early 1860s from Germany. In 1870, they were living in Athens, New York where her father Conrad and her brother George worked at a woolen mill. Francis joined the Snell household as a domestic servant in the early 1880s and remained there until her death. Not far from the Dickinson lot is the Hitchcock lot. Edward Hitchcock born in Deerfield in 1793 was a Yale graduate. He served as pastor of the Congregational Church in Conway in the 1820s and during that time did a scientific survey of Western Massachusetts. He subsequently compiled and published a report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of the entire state. Reverend Hitchcock came to Amherst in 1825 and was professor of chemistry and natural history until his appointment as Amherst's third president in 1845. Today he is perhaps best remembered for his pioneering work in geology. His wife Aura was the daughter of Jareb and Ruth White of Amherst. She and Edward were married in 1821. Aura was an artist and scientific illustrator. She did the illustrations in her husband's scientific publications and recently her work was featured in an exhibit at the Memorial Hall Museum in Deerfield. In lot 437, South of the Knoll, there are six marble gravestones for students who died while attending Amherst College. Some, perhaps all, were erected by classmates. At least one of them is a cenotaph, a memorial for someone who's actually buried elsewhere. Nearby that lot is this gravestone for Janalvin Mars. Janalvin was a janitor at Kaysai fraternity at Amherst College. He was an African-American born in New York, Pennsylvania and during the Civil War served in the 29th Connecticut Infantry. He and his family settled in Amherst prior to 1890. His stone is inscribed, erected by the boys of Kaysai, a loving tribute to a faithful servant and it is what it is. Not far from the Dickinson lot is the Stern's lot where William Stern's and several members of his family are buried. Granite stones for William, his son, Frasier and nine other members of the family flank a tall granite obelisk. Reverend William A. Stern's was born in Bedford, Massachusetts in 1805. His father and his grandfather were congregational ministers. William attended Harvard College and Andover Theological Seminary. He succeeded Edward Hitchcock as president of Amherst in 1854 and held that position until his death in 1876. His son, Frasier, served in the 21st Massachusetts Regiment and was killed in action while rallying his men to charge during the Battle of New Bern, March 14th, 1862. In the southeast corner of the Stern's lot, there is a stone for Susan Barnard, faithful servant and friend of four generations. Born in Boston in 1818, died in Milton, a suburb of Boston in 1908. Who was she? In the 1865, Massachusetts census, she's listed as a domestic servant. There's no indication that he was a person of color, thus she probably wasn't. And under a lovely cherry tree in the newer part of the cemetery is the Clark lot where William Smith Clark and several family members are buried. William, the son of a country doctor, was born in Ashfield. He attended Amherst College, class of 1848, and earned a PhD from the University of Göttingen in Germany in 1852. He then returned to Amherst College where he served as professor of chemistry, botany, and zoology from 1852 to 1867. Clark was one of the leading proponents for the establishment of the Massachusetts Agricultural College in Amherst. He was president of MAC from 1867 to 1879 and helped establish an agricultural college in Sapporo, Japan. Now, while we're at the cemetery, we certainly should not overlook the many manufacturers and merchants who have played a prominent role in the town's history. That large brownstone monument is for Leonard M. Hills and his family. Leonard was born in Ellington, Connecticut in 1803 and came to Amherst in 1827. He is best known as the founder of Amherst Palm Leaf Hat Industry. Hills subsequently served as president of the Amherst and Belcher Town Railway, the First National Bank of Amherst. And with his son, Henry F. Hills, he provided the original endowment for the Massachusetts Agricultural College. He died in New York City in 1872. That tall brownstone pillar commemorates Leonard and six members of his family. There are ornate marble markers there for several of them. Henry F. Hills, his son, one of the founders of Wildwood Cemetery, is buried there. And over on the right, you see the monument for Luke Sweetser, who was born in Athol in 1800 and came to Amherst to attend Amherst Academy in the winter of 1820 to 1821. He worked for H. Wright Strong, a local storekeeper for a few years. Then in 1824, he and a few associates bought the store and remained in business until 1854. Following his retirement from business, he took up farming and played an active role in local affairs. Sweetser, along with Edward Dickinson and a few other men, purchased the property now known as Sweetser Park in the 1830s and created a private park. Sweetser owned the western portion of the property, his children donated it to the town of Amherst and honored their father in 1902. Not far away are impressive monuments for two other Amherst manufacturers. Oliver Watson, son of David and Lucinda Dickinson, was born in Amherst in 1806. He operated a tannery and a boot and shoe factory in East Amherst and was a select man and a state legislator later in life. Jarrod T. Westcott was, so far as I can tell, a real estate developer and of course, we should certainly visit some of the many war veterans who are buried at West Cemetery. One of them is General Ebenezer Mattoon who was born in North Amherst and studied with Reverend David Parsons prior to enrolling at Dartmouth College. In the spring of 1776, he enlisted in the Continental Army and served as lieutenant during the unsuccessful invasion of Canada. Mattoon fought at Saratoga in the fall of 1777 and returned to Amherst in 1779. He subsequently served in the state militia, the state legislature and the US Congress. He attained to the greatest prominence in public affairs of any of the earlier residents of Amherst, so say Carpenter and Morehouse. Bob Romer has estimated that about 20 African American men from the Amherst area enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War. Some served in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, others in the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry. At the West Cemetery, there are gravestones for some of them. Among them, Charles Finnemore. And nearby is this very recently installed memorial stone for five members of the Thompson family who served in the Civil War. And it also acknowledges the African American section of West Cemetery, which until quite recently most of us were unaware of. In this area, there is a small granite memorial to five Amherst unknown Civil War veterans installed in 1961. Jim Smith has argued convincingly that since these five veterans were buried in an area traditionally sent aside for burial of African Americans, they were almost certainly African American veterans. Among the others buried in that part of the cemetery is Henry Jackson, who has, I guess, become a local folk hero. He was born in Amherst, October 30th, 1817. He was employed as a stable hand in May 1840 when he participated in the daring rescue of Angeline Palmer. It was Henry who borrowed and drove the horse and buggy used in the rescue operation. He was subsequently employed as a teamster and truckman. Following the death of his first wife, Celia, Henry married Louis Frazier's widow. Louis Frazier was the brother of Angeline Palmer. Henry and his family lived on once now known as Railroad Street, a short distance from a railway depot.  He died of heart disease in January 1902. In another section of West Cemetery, outside the area that had been set aside for African Americans is the Goodwin Lot. Moses Goodwin, son of George Goodwin, was born in Columbia, South Carolina around 1855 and settled in Amherst prior to 1880. Following an apprenticeship with Porter Dickinson, a machinist, he opened a shop on Main Street where he repaired bicycles, locks, clocks, and other mechanical devices. His first wife, Mary Jane, died in December 1883. Her grave is unmarked. In 1891, Moses married Anna Reed. That's her, subsequently known as Ma Goodwin. Who for many years ran a local inn as well as a boarding house from Massachusetts Agricultural College students. Moses was a founding member and trustee of the local AME Zion Church established in 1910. He and Anna and their three daughters, Amy, Olive, and Ruth were very active in church affairs. In their honor, the church was renamed the Goodwin AME Zion Church in 1967. And Charles E. Roberts was the son of Perry Roberts, a janitor at Amherst College. He enrolled at Massachusetts Agricultural College class of 1911 and played fullback on the football team, but left school prior to graduation. When he registered for the draft in 1918, he reported that he was married with one child and was working as athletic director at Lincoln University and historically black university in Pennsylvania. He served in the infantry in World War I, but little is known of his later life. And for more about gravestones for African Americans and the West Cemetery, I refer you to these two publications. Among the hundreds of other former residents of Amherst two numerous to mention today are Chandler Saban, who owned and operated a marble works in East Amherst prior to 1850. He signed a few examples of his work. A small marble obelisk for Leonard and Mary Hills at the West Cemetery is among them. Oliver Clapp was engaged in the manufacture of bonnets and artificial flowers during the 1840s, but around 1850 he purchased the Saban marble works and operated it until his death in 1887. He manufactured monuments, headstones and all kinds of marble work employing three or four men most of the time. Following Clapp's death, one of the workmen, Samuel P. Cluchia, purchased the business. Throughout the cemetery, there are gravestones that just aroused my curiosity. One of them was this one for Sarah Jane Bliss, a single woman who died of typhoid fever. This is all what I've determined from recent research on ancestry.com. In Jim Smith's notes on West Cemetery is written, she died in the communion of the Catholic Church, which suggests she had converted to Catholicism. And I'm wondering since St. Bridget's Cemetery was established five years earlier prior to her death, why she wasn't buried there. Anyway, there she is at West Cemetery. According to her death certificate, she was the daughter of Silas and Cynthia Bliss and was born in Ithaca, New York. 10 years prior to her death, she had been living with her father Silas and Pelham. And in another part of the cemetery, I saw this monument for Frederick Nightingale and wondered, that's an interesting name. What can I find out about him? And in ancestry.com, I learned that he was born in Germany about 1847 and immigrated to the United States in 1895. He and his family settled in Amherst prior to 1900. He was employed as a blocker in a local hat factory in 1910. And I didn't want to leave you today without mentioning someone who came up in discussion at the History Bites a few weeks ago. Actually, it was a month ago. Does anyone remember this fellow? Of course. It's good, his memory lives on. And he's quite fondly remembered on the Amherst College website. When I Googled him, all sorts of accolades came up from former classmates. Eric was an Army veteran and Amherst College alum class of 1965. He burst onto the local scene in the early 1970s. Eric the Rath, a name he actually liked, was a lawyer, a carpenter, an organic farmer, an annual activist, and a self-proclaimed communist. He was one of the ring leaders of the 1970 student strike, which I remember well, and a co-founder of a local branch of the Universal Life Church. In 1972, he ran unsuccessfully, for a seat on the Amherst Board of Selectmen, then challenged the election results in court because the town had scheduled the election during UMass intercession. As one of his Amherst College classmates recalled, there will never be another like him. Thank you for your patience. Are there any questions? Yes. William Smith Park. Yeah. Responsible for all these beautiful cherries that were given as a gift in return from down in the home. You made me write about that. Well, I've heard that. Yeah. Anyway, I know that all the ancient old cherry blossoms that you see were as a result of a gift from, first, I can see one by this tree. There was a camp of downed Elmer originally, but that died and they replaced it with a cherry tree. Okay, but I think that you're sort of appropriate. Quite, yeah. Anyway. And where did the market come from? Early on, it was coming from Berkshire County. There were quarries up and down the Housatonic River Valley from about 1790 until mid-19th century, then after that, Vermont got into the act and they pretty much controlled the market by the Civil War era. You're right. There is, yeah. I think Yvette was next. The material of the tombstones and why, I don't know anything about it, but why did they weather down and what material lasts longest as of today? Okay, the short answer is granted is the material of choice these days and this marble and some of the other materials that have weathered badly, which is to say weathered all too well. The folks around here did not have a history with those materials and they learned through trial and error what lasted and what didn't. Phil, I saw your hand up. One of the answers there is acid rain from all night. Well, that too. I just want to say this is the very best tour of that cemetery I've ever seen. Yeah, right. And I'm really, really impressed. Thank you so much. Well, George has suggested that maybe I should consider future installments in subsequent years. Yeah, yeah. I'll certainly do that. Yeah. Question. Yes. Why do some people have cable installments? Those were reserved for people of the highest rank, ministers, magistrates, militia officers, and so forth and they kept the memory of the deceased above the weeds, so to speak. It's cultural from Scotland. That's a short answer. Is there a time period there associated with it? Late 17th, early 18th century, for the most part. There were lots of other hands up. How about planting trees and shrubs in the cemetery? What guides that? That really didn't become popular until around the 19th century. And in some ways, they're kind of a nuisance, but they're also nice to have there. Anyone else? Well, thank you. That's great. And I'm going to send a PDF of this PowerPoint to Special Collections, along with a copy of the script for reference for anyone who might be interested.