I thought I'd grown up in a cult. I didn't realize there was anything different about the way I was raised, until I, against the wishes of my family, moved out of our commune for college. When they realized I couldn't be dissuaded, they insisted on paying for off-campus housing. The day I moved out, my whole family came to help set the new apartment up. I'm talking aunts, uncles, cousins, the whole nine. Then piled into my one-bedroom apartment to haul in couches, set up furniture, and cram my fridge full of pre-made meals. They were so supportive that it felt almost normal, until I happened to pass by my parents' car between trips and saw my mother sobbing in the passenger seat. My father's arm around her, his head bent to hers. The windows were up, so I couldn't hear what they were saying. But I thought I saw my father mouth. We prepared him as best we could. Separation anxiety must have been adorable. Mom wasn't usually the emotional type, but I guess most parents get that way when their kid leaves the nest for the first time, especially since I was the only child, and I'd been homeschooled. Putting it that way gave me a sudden pang of anxiety, so I put it out of my mind and tried to focus on the future instead. I'd always wanted to be a zoologist. This college was one of the few in the country that offered a degree, especially back then. It would be fine, I tried to assure myself. Mom and I would both be fine. It would be an adjustment, but we'd both be better for it in the long run. That anxiety lingered, though. It hung around in the back of my mind for the rest of the day, but only really started to settle in once all the relatives had climbed back into their cars for the long drive home. Mom had offered to spend the night, but I hadn't wanted to prolong the inevitable. At the time, I told myself it was like ripping off a band-aid. Alone in an unfamiliar apartment, with the sun starting to set outside, I fell back on the old rituals of home for some comfort, going from room to room to make sure the windows and doors were all locked. Shutting the blinds, shutting the curtains, turning off all the lights, and unscrewing all the light bulbs. Mom and Dad had already removed the ones in the microwave and fridge for me, and I'd watched Kathy, my cousin, cover the fire alarm light with a tiny piece of duct tape earlier that day. She was a good kid, Kathy. I thought I was going to miss seeing her around every day. Once I'd ensured that there was no light anywhere in the apartment, I got changed in the dark and went to bed. The next day, I assumed my life as a normal, average kid. Orientation was a whirlwind, but I got a chance to meet some of the other kids in my very small major, and I hit it off with a few of them. A couple of them had grown up on farms themselves, so we had some stuff in common. Quite a bit of stuff, as it turned out, just not the one thing. That one all-important thing. I hit it off with all three of them. A girl named April and her longtime best friend, Jordan. Jordan's boyfriend, Alex, was a pretty great guy as well. We were all excited to find out we shared a couple of classes and would be seeing a lot more of each other as the semester went on, especially April and I. We kind of had an instant chemistry, spark, a spark that evolved through the following days and weeks. It was that spark that would eventually lead me to understand just how truly weird my upbringing had been. And it started with her inviting me to dinner, a casual friends-only type of deal, an exception was made for Alex because he was basically a friend at this point. A couple other kids from class were over, too, and I remember really looking forward to my first off-commune social gathering. I remember being nervous too, though, because all my life, I'd really only hung out with my family members, and I wasn't sure I could replicate that in-school connection outside of class. But when I arrived, all the nervousness washed away. April greeted me at the door with a smile and told me how glad she was I'd come. I passed over the six pack I'd picked up on the way and managed not to smile too awkwardly when I parried that I was glad she'd invited me. I stepped into the warmth and noise of the gathering and was greeted by a chorus of voices. It was a good feeling, a welcome feeling, something bubbly welled up in my chest that stayed with me until hours later, it started getting towards sunset. Oh man, I didn't realize how late it was. I noticed the clock out of the corner of my eye and put down the scrabble tile I'd been about to play. I guess I better get going. It's not even seven. Jordan shot me the weirdest look across the table, still smiling, but acting as if I'd said something bizarre. You're not on the farm anymore, guy. Alex laughed, reaching across Jordan to grab his beer from the opposite end table. You don't have to be in bed when the sun sets. I don't? I asked, genuinely confused. The conversation started to fade around me as more people listened in to what we were talking about. April came to join us at that point, leaning on the back of the couch. But what do you do after dark? I couldn't wrap my head around the concept. What was there to do in the dark? You wouldn't be able to see a thing. Turn on a light? Jordan suggested with a laugh, but I could tell she was even more confused by that question than the last. At this point, I'd figured out something wasn't adding up, because more than one person was looking at me like I'd grown a second head. I hesitated to ask. I remember reaching for my drink to delay the inevitable, moistening my lips before I spoke. But um, I was a man of science now. I think some part of me already doubted, but when you were raised believing something, when you were taught it was the equivalent of the sky being blue. What about the demons? Things got really quiet then. You could have heard a pin drop. The what? April asked. I grimaced because I knew she'd heard me just fine. She wanted me to repeat myself because she was hoping she hadn't. I, um, the demon-sailors. I repeated, more slowly and awkwardly, twisting the beer can between my palms. No one said anything for a while. I was starting to sweat, made worse by the clock ticking loudly on the wall. For a long while, Alex put his beer down on the table and leaned forward, squinting faintly. You, uh, you don't really believe in demons, do you? His tone made it clear what the correct answer was. I laughed nervously before April cut in. Is your family really that religious? Thankful for what felt like an olive branch, I nodded quickly and spread my hands. I guess so, I didn't realize. You know what it's like living on a farm. Jordan picked up that thread and carried it, breaking into a soft, relieved laugh. Yeah, it gets pretty isolated. My parents were really religious too. I guess I forgot you were homeschooled as well. Thank God I went to public school. I can't imagine what I'd still believe. But Alex, of all people, didn't seem quite ready to let it go. I gotta ask, man, what exactly is it you think happens if you turn a light on after sunset? Well, uh, I checked the expression of the others, and it seemed to me that they were starting to relax and treat it all like a silly misunderstanding. My family always told me that if you didn't turn out all the lights after dark, demons would come out of the pipes and take away anyone they found near them. Jesus, dude. Someone else in the room laughed.  But Alex pressed. How? I couldn't tell if he was genuinely curious at this point or just being a jerk. I leaned toward the former because he was a pretty nice dude all the rest of the time. So as I stood to gather my jacket, I tried not to make eye contact, but I answered him anyway. They dragged them into the water to drown. One of the girls squealed in horror. One of the guys laughed, a different one. I didn't recognize him. He seemed delighted, not horrified. That's crazy. He said gleefully. I smiled tightly and shrugged my jacket on. Yeah. I agreed awkwardly. I, um, I guess I better go. I got a lot of homework to do. It was nice meeting you guys. I tossed a wave over my shoulder and made my way toward the front door. April followed me, looking like sympathy personified. I had fun tonight.  I didn't want her to feel bad about the sharp left turn that had all taken. She frowned, smiled, and then got up on her tiptoes and she kissed me. We should do this again. She said when she dropped back down and just like that, I forgot all about demon sailors and lights. I drove home on cloud nine, giddy until I parked the car, walked up the steps, unlocked my apartment door and stepped inside. The jingle of the keys hitting the side table sounded very loud in the empty apartment.  A little seat of doubt had been sown, but I wasn't quite ready to let go. Not after a lifetime, not with only two months of living alone under my belt. As the days passed, I began to doubt more and more, especially going to class and seeing all the people who evidently left their lights on and survived through the night. I continued to turn all mine off, but after a while it became more of a rabbit's foot than anything. A compulsive, superstitious thing I didn't really believe anymore. I even started staying out after dark. I'd hang out with my friends at their place, or at a bar or restaurant, but I always turned the lights off before leaving, and I would shower and change in the dark when I got home. April and I went on a handful of very casual dates, but things were getting steadily more serious. In the back of my mind, I knew there was the likelihood one of us was going to spend the night eventually, but I was still a little unprepared for it when that day finally came. It was pretty fantastic, honestly. I'd never felt more love for anyone than I did for April that night. By mutual decision, we'd ended up back at my place because of my lack of roommates. I don't think the lighting situation crossed either of our minds until the middle of the night when I was woken up by April. The bathroom light isn't working, she whispered. It took me a minute to figure out who, what and where, but when I got through the fog and memory kicked back in, I sort of nodded sleepily and stood up. Yeah, the light bulb is unscrewed. I muttered, navigating through the dark to the bathroom. The light bulb squeaked as I twisted it into place. I'll always remember that sound and having to look away when it immediately lit up. I wasn't looking when April brushed past me, and I was still blinking when she laughingly pushed me back towards the bathroom. Okay, now get out. The tap chose that moment to make the worst gurgling sound. I kind of jumped. She did too. We both looked, and then both started giggling a few seconds later. Demons. I informed her, nodding seriously as I pivoted back to bed. That was when the shower started to scream. What's wrong with your plumbing? April covered her ears to black out the awful low pitched sound. I cringed and covered my ears too, shaking my head helplessly. It's never made that noise before. I swore. And then the sink turned itself on. Something brown and pungent started to ooze out in big, gloopy chunks. The toilet began to burble violently. The lid clattering and bouncing as the water churned. It smelled overwhelmingly of brine, salt, and fish. I covered my nose and gagged, backing swiftly out of the bathroom. April followed me, also gagging.  It wasn't deliberate, but I swear that everything stopped the second after. I could feel her eyes on me in the dark, neither of us said anything. We went to bed, silent, and when I woke up the next morning, she was gone. When I went to see her at her place, she was apologetic, but I could tell she was tense. Something was bothering her. I'm sorry, I should have stayed, but I really wanted a shower and your tub was all covered in goop, she said, and she was right. We laughed about it a little. I said I'd call my landlord and figure out what that had been all about, and she gave me the sweetest little smile and suggested that we should sleep at her place until the situation was sorted. Obviously, I was more than okay with that. Until night rolled around, we were cuddled up together, sound asleep. When the pipes began to scream, Jordan started to scream with them. I pretty much flew out of bed. I was in the kitchen before I was even 10% awake and just staring there stupidly as sludge pumped out of the faucet. Jordan was trying to turn it off, but it seemed like the tap was fighting her. I processed that and ran over to help, but it was like trying to fight a waterfall. Nothing I did seemed to budget. What's going on? Alex stormed into the kitchen. He saw Jordan and I fighting with the tap and stopped talking, gesturing for us to get out of the way and tossing open the cabinet beneath the sink. We both scrambled back and watched him yank on the water cut off. For a split second, I thought it would work. And then with a deep agonized roar, it snapped in the other direction. The brown sludge gave way to brackish green and then the sink began to fill. I saw the drain bubbling as I backed further away, almost colliding with my girlfriend. She was looking up at me with wide anxiety filled eyes. I looked back at her, speechless and confused. She looked at the light switch. I reached out to flip it off, but unlike the night previous, nothing happened. The sink began to overflow. I could see it in the light that spilled in through the kitchen window from the digital clock on the microwave from the living room and the hallway.  That was before the first hand plunged out of the water, twisted and smoky, wreathe in some kind of drifting filaments, strands of something that my mind shied away from. I didn't recognize it for what it was until it was already grabbing the edge of the counter and hauling more of something out. I could hear water gushing down the hall and realize the carpet beneath my feet was soaked. April looked at me again and in a panic, I grabbed her and ran for the door. Works endured and followed the four of us racing out into the street. Water poured down the porch behind us, spilling onto the lawn. I looked back at the kitchen window as I dove into the car and saw something misshapen and hunched, shambling past, horrifyingly fast. The ignition seemed to turn itself. The engine roared to life and I peeled out, April white-knuckled and silent beside me. I didn't know where else to go. I was in a state of complete panic, but I kept thinking to myself that we couldn't go to like a convenience store or anything because none of us had any shoes or shirts they wouldn't let us in. Somehow I ended up on the freeway. I think in my terror the knee-jerk reaction was just to go home. Not the apartment, but my real home, the farm. It started to rain as I got onto the highway. A torrent of water hit the car so hard that it bounced and I briefly felt the tires try to leave the pavement. I did the absolute wrong thing, the thing you're never supposed to do in those circumstances. I gunned it. I jammed the gas pedal against the floorboards and felt my sedan lurch. God, the pavement must have still been dry enough because somehow she found traction and flung us forward. Alex bounced off the back of my seat. I heard Jordan cry out, but there was no time to look or stop. My eyes were on the road and the near biblical amount of rain running down it. The part of highway we'd entered was sitting on a hill. To me, in my mind, our only salvation was over that hill. To survive, we needed to make it over. The tires were squealing, the back was trying to fishtail. By all rights, what I did ought to have killed us all. Because I didn't slow down. The needle flipped into the red and I kept my foot on the pedal. The whole of my soul focused on every vanishing inch of incline. All around us, figures began to take shape in the walls of rain. I heard the others screaming, weeping and praying as I shot up over the top of the hill.  I felt a surge of triumph hitting the dark, smooth pavement that came after. It was still raining buckets, so much that the windshield wipers couldn't keep up.  There were still bodies everywhere. I saw a few of them in the rearview mirror, shuffling out of the darkness into the scope of the headlights. Men. Men of all shapes and sizes and ages. Pale men. And swarthy men. Tall men and small, some with bloated, bulging eyes and gaping mouths. Some with peaceful expressions and closed eyes that seemed to follow us anyway. One came out of the darkness on the driver's side, despite only shuffling. He moved with superhuman speed. He almost reached us, even though I had to have been doing 80 or 90. I got a real good look at him. Time slowed down for a heartbeat. I saw every detail, from his blue vest to the second grisly mouth cut in his throat. Home was hours away. And I knew for a fact that the stretch of highway we were supposed to be entering was empty. There was nothing on the side of the town. Just shrub and dead grass for miles. A thick wedge of no man's land all the way up to the foothills where my family lived. And yet there were lights everywhere, murky, indistinct lights swimming around in the darkness where there were no houses and were no cars.  There was so much happening. The bodies were everywhere at once. I was driving through some of them and they exploded around the car in clouds of silt and sand that would completely cover the windshield for a few seconds. What if those actually were other cars? What if I'd left the freeway and didn't realize only the flashing white lines beside me and the smooth run of the pavement kept me from jerking the wheel and veering off in the direction of those distant orbs? What are you doing? I'd honestly forgotten anyone else was in the car when April spoke up. It startled me so bad that again I nearly doomed all of us by jerking the wheel too hard. Only luck saved our lives that night. I certainly played no part. Home. I said my throat too tight to properly speak. The cult. Jordan asked. I saw April's hand dip out of the corner of my eye. The heat came on a second later, but I wasn't paying attention to that. I was counting mile markers when I saw them always dreading that I'd somehow miss the important ones that somehow I'd overshoot my destination. They flicked by like flashcards. And while the bodies seem to be emerging from the dark with less frequency, I knew in the back of my mind that the gas gauge was descending. That little needle was dropping lower and lower. The demons didn't have to keep trying as hard to drive us off the road. Eventually, we'd run out of gas. All they had to do was wait. There was a can of gas in the trunk. But in order to get to it, I'd have to pull over turn the car off and get out. It didn't seem worth it, but there was also nothing I could do. Eventually my worst fear came true. The engine sputtered. The pedal stopped responding. We began to lose speed, drifting to a slow, agonizing stop. My hands were clenched so tightly around the steering wheel that I could feel my knuckles popping and the sinews creaking. Alex was demanding what I was doing. Jordan, too. They were reaching over my shoulders like they could drive the car from the backseat. And I heard my parents' voices in the back of my mind. They're drawn to the lights. Man-made lights. Like the lanterns. I hesitated and then I killed the ignition. The car coasted a few more feet and went silent. We were plunged into absolute darkness. Jordan and Alex were losing their minds. April just looked at me from the passenger seat. I looked back at her and at the bodies walking out of the darkness around us. She took my hand. I squeezed it and we waited. They wandered in and out of the rain, searching, but it seemed after a few minutes as if they couldn't see us. I forced myself to let go of April's hand and unbuckled a belt I didn't recall engaging. The door handle clicked. I stepped out into the rain and saw a few heads lift, quietly, as slowly as I could force myself. I walked around the back of the car and popped the trunk. The spare can sat in the back, garishly red and cheerful. I felt cold and slick in my palm. I closed the trunk. The bang of it closing nearly ended me. Several bodies rushed closer, the slap of wet footsteps coming from all around. A few feet shy, they turned in other directions, but continued to amble closer. I was shaking as I unscrewed the gas cap and poured the fuel in, losing more than a little to the ground and side of the car. Praying that I got enough in that the water wouldn't get into. I screwed the cap in and made the choice to leave the cover open, sneaking back to the driver's side and sliding in, closing the door softly, turning the headlights off, trying the ignition. The car came back to life. So did the dash, but I'd never parked it. And as soon as the spark rolled through the engine, she was moving again.  It sort of did. Only a few heads seemed to turn in our direction. There was only the blinking of the digital clock. April jammed it off. In darkness, we rolled forward between the wandering shapes without the reflective pain of the road or the mild signs to guide us. I had to flip the lights on a handful of times to check where we were. Each time they rushed us and I had to slam the gas pedal. And then there it was, the mile marker I'd been looking for. Home was a plain dirt turnoff that had to be half soup at this point. I left the highway and bumped the last few miles to salvation. The storm was still rolling. I could barely see my hand in front of my face, but my parents had installed a series of brick divides on the road. I'd been taught all my life to remember the exact number. One, two, three, four, five, stop. The last one was directly in front of the house. I killed the ignition for the last time. She sputtered out, and we sat there in silence until the pitch dark gave way to gray, until the rain began to slack and the torrent became a downpour and then a drizzle. Finally, I got out. April and Jordan and Alex came with me. I walked up the steps to my home and found the keys beneath the mat. I led us all into an even deeper darkness and shut the door behind us. Home, we were finally safe. My parents came down to greet us. They must have heard the door. Dad went down to the basement, and I knew even though we wouldn't be able to see it. In a few minutes, the lighthouse would begin to flash miles and miles away. Some brought us blankets and dry towels, and we all camped out in the living room until morning when it finally came. The old analog clock read three in the afternoon before it was bright enough with natural sunlight to read it. The storm itself lingered for three more days before the last clouds finally dissipated. But even then, I never left. College didn't seem as worth it as it once had. I guess the others agreed, because they live here with us on the commune now. Their parents think I kidnap them and that they're all part of the cult now. I guess maybe they're not wrong.


WELCOME EVERYBODY TO ANOTHER EPISODE OF HUNGRY SHARK EVOLUTION WHERE WE ARE PLAYING AGAIN IT'S TWO DAYS IN A ROW WHERE BEAVERS MAKE SOME WORDS AND ALSO PLAYS AS THE NEW ABIST SHARK What did I say? I mean I loved reading the comments yesterday They were great What was it? I said FORBIDDHABLE Instead of FORBIDDHABLE It's like literally no one FOR BEAVERS FORBIDDHABLE Why is that not a word? It should be a word God, the English language is a complicated one isn't it? Right But anyway I hope you guys are ready You didn't seem to be impressed by this shark Not as much as the Godzilla shark I'm about to show you just how good it is By playing it terribly You heard me right, yeah I don't even know where I am Am I near Pikmin? What is that? It's like a zombie shark that thing Yes Doble I need the thingy Oh there's a Godzilla Oh ok I've got an idea I'm thinking what we can do right Is see how many Godzilla sharks And the abyss shark can eat And then how many Godzilla No how many abyss sharks Godzilla Or sharkzilla can eat And then we can tally them up afterwards To see who really is the most powerful of them all I thought that would be a cool idea Then we can title the video Sharjira versus Oh look at that I love the animals Also I didn't realise this thing crawls If you don't have a jet pack on it It has like a crawling animation Which is so friggin cool Just like with um What's it called? Oh god you do Ha ha ha ha Who thought you could eat me on top of me I'm immune to that But this guy's got no idea what's happening Oh look right in the shark I'm completely destroyed Also I've seen people comment that every time F-Gull put in a new shark Into this game it's always somehow smaller Than the previous one And I've got to admit I think they are But not in general I think they're smaller Oh god look like I go He couldn't get away I also want to see if I can beat my high score guy That's what I'm trying to go for I'm trying to break new world records All the damn Didn't even mean to go for him Is this towards the crab boss? Because I don't want to go towards the crab boss Oh okay Okay we're going towards the crab boss I did not mean to do this I do not want to take on the crab boss We're getting out of here The crab boss is a waste of time and it's going to kill me Who even bothers with that thing anymore Do you? Because I don't Ooh look a zombie Right take me away This looks like a zombie shot doesn't it It really does Let's go this way We are level 3 so we're starting with more health this time Oh that always A shot here There we go Ultimate boost up, ultimate destiny Oh hello Hello everybody You want to build mine control and eat him I love the What's it called is it Beethoven's fifth That F got used for the trailer for this thing I think it is Am I wrong? I could be wrong Classical music what is that Puppy cock Oh another abyssal Shark this seems real There's a lot of abyssal sharks and also Oh there we go Take the moon mystic Ooh some blob oh hold on I need that gem fish I need how many 900 To get the baby So we're going to go this way We're going to hopefully Pick up the teeth as well As a lipo and as well as it Look at that They all leave that as well Dammit dammit in the fire I thought I had a pyro baby I'm not allergic to fire Fire is not my weakness What are you talking about Oh there we go Loch Ness mossy Ooh I saw you 120 times For the shark you look You know I think that the sharks They look smaller but it's because They're less compact Like shark Gira Is bigger just because It's not as long and I think that's kind Of how the code has to work If the mall is actually longer Then they can't make it bigger They work with A4 paper And you can draw a monster that's a square And it's going to be quite big But it's not going to look too great Is it? Oooooopsie daisies Mind control Driven actually been all this way All the way over So it's about time we all Wash What's over here where am I Wave am I all the way at the end I am I think I ate everything did I get the dart board There's the dart board I think did I get the dart board Get the flipping dart board there it is Vortex you're saving me thank you Okay we need to go get the Kempie Bass And the abyssal shark that's also down here There he is Kempie Bass isn't here he does Occasionally appear as a huge one I think he gives a huge bonus as well So 146 million we're doing Pretty darn good Don't worry guys there will be other videos I'm tired hungry shark going up So if this isn't your cup of tea I do apologise We only have 10 million at the moment And it's not the best PG tips man it's PG tips all the way If I could be sponsored it would be PG tips I noticed that I can't remember what youtuber it was I think it's Yorkshire Tea We're going to get down with the YouTube crew and we're going to start Sending them personalized boxes Of tea I don't care Yorkshire Tea you can send me them I don't like your tea I won't promote it PG tips however I would But the thing is tea don't usually target YouTube audiences do they It's not really the target market Should I go into the sky I feel like if I got Yeah if I got Gold Rush and got Times 120 and smashed a helicopter And possibly ate the moon Then I would probably get a super high score Like there's Oh he got sucked We did it Oh beautiful Do we get really high score for these I don't think we do 120 There's another one I'm just going to use my power There we go Is this worth it The robo sharks coming 4x15 I really don't know if it's worth it That's good how we can suck it in Helicopters actually I like What was that What was that Yes 181 We're doing good there's still some good sharks Spawning around everywhere and Helicopter Yes for times 8 We're still level 3 mind you It's crazy I'll take the Mosasaur though Should we go to Hawaii I'm trying to think we didn't get Teddy and we Haven't got the Cyber Monkey either We do get Shenron so there's no need for us to Be here too much This way for someone to turn around And then crack it All of the humanity Actually that's something Oh there we go look at him crawl I mean you can barely see it just because He was there we go we'll get there he is Look at him go Beautiful I won't just go for the surface Oh apart from when we see that and that Gimme yes Right okay let's crawl now We'll just go across the surface I think this is the best way To get on here and everything Bog brush we didn't get actually Maybe we should get the bog brush How much got we can without 4 million so far I think we're going over the surface It's not really giving us the best of score But we are We're letting things spawn the lowest Which is what we really need to do really Oh shark finish There you go Right okay Oh that's the end oh there's a box over there But he really cares about that We're here for teddy Come here today Mine control Oh I'll take it oh teddy done Teddy bear collected I mean when you look at this thing You think yes he's after a teddy bear He just wants a hug Boosh I'm going to go all the way down I'm going to eat everything I can Because there might be good things at the bottom Like all of that and then I'm not wasting any more time I'm slowly going to go to the surface I might die here in fact the thing I died last time here So I'm well aware Oh what about the robot Did they get the robot here? I think I did Oh so many things I've already gotten Bash Anything else here apart from poison Oh a pyro shark, a zombie shark, a submarine And whatever all this is Hmm this is the leaning tower Right is there anything down here That I could get Right let's go to shahawai Let's see is it worth it Is it worth it? Okay I'm trying to remember the pyro sharks that you get the most For here Oh we've already grown a level Fantastic Come on Oh we're hypnotizing ah when you hypnotize It doesn't really work with the shark vortex It's a bit of a shame they get stunned Instead of getting pulled in Alright let's eat all of these Are we doing good? I have no idea There we go Gotta get good with the timings That's the thing, gotta get good with the timings There we go, oh this is a lot of stuff That's good How about we swim out We swim out, is there a helicopter Oh that'll do Oh yes I'll take you Very good Right back into the sky Oh a moon 120 120 please 15 There we go, well at least we destroyed the moon Oh god, oh god don't break Don't break There you go we passed by all of those Let's go back over Gotta get the snack bar Alright time to go into the volcano I think Oh it's just an island Oh that's protection We've already got the alien baby Which means we're protected anyway Oh I got a turtle that's good That's good I feel like that's the end We're not getting too much aren't we The hypnotizer, I mean this thing has so many powers It's crazy I love it though Double of vortex There we go That's good, that was a megalodon I think Only thing is there's no shark zillers Here we need to get out I think It's a decent place But we could definitely get a higher score in the regular What about that thing How do we destroy that Do you give us many points Oh god We've got launch, oh robo-shock I'll take it Okay, I mean that'll do This is, if we do the vortex Maybe when we get 120 times Points, point to lose Maybe taking on and vortexing The helicopter's a really good thing to do Would you do that Where's the intro, how did I even get here Do I just die I think I must die, ooh a mosasaur Okay that's the biggest thing so far I've seen We go further down Oh there's a pyroshock, okay that's also here There might be one in the middle I'm not sure though Whoa I thought I got I thought I died there So much fire So much fire I mean this is what we gotta do right This is the darkest crevices of the volcano See what else is here Yeah but I might find something cool Use my shark vortex with the mind control Activated Not the best of ideas Oh well that doesn't make a lot of noise Not bad We've gotten a fair amount of millions here We were on tune 40 now we're on tune 70 Meaning that we've got what 30 million while we've been here Oh there you go there's a shark vortex That's good that's good And then when this one goes we'll use our other vortex Oh mind control is on Okay we'll wait for mind control to go Once mind control goes then we'll use our ability Probably gonna go now So let's go there we go Let's use that Doing good doing good How about any helicopters Anything nearby Plane which we missed Whoa I run out of time Oh my god I wasn't even paying attention Well there you have it There you have it folks he wasn't paying attention Oh I'm trying to get this blummin' submarine Ah Well that was a massive pain Alright too many 1 million not bad Give me some good ones this is a good shark I'll take it We didn't die did we I don't think we would have died There we go we got all of that And I can make that again oh dear What's in the sky anything in the sky There's helicopter planes We're on 290 million now Oh good That'll do That's good Anything else Oh another plane shark robot There we go 292 now I don't know if that's better I'm just looking for that moon Woo I like the vortex the fact that we can draw in things that's something that I don't think we could have done normally Uh oh there you go There you go that's good 2903 Are we getting things I don't know Oh we're 120 times now I'm trying to use my ability but I'm not eating anything So it's not going up Uh helicopter how about a helicopter No Oh no Jesus Things Everything I don't think we did too well Okay Time to dive deep We're shorn tears Gotta dig deeper Oh god the blooming jetpack sharks Coming in for us Right so our highest score ever Highest score ever is 900 million I don't mean We could be on point But the thing is I mean not like to get it this time But we're not max level We also don't have maxed abilities either So I mean We've still got our way to go But the fact that we're already on 300 million Already within 40 minutes It puts us in good good stead Because we've still got so much more potential to unlock Just go fast Go fast Yes Also gotta remember to eat lots of turtles Or just stop boosting constantly That's hard to do though What about our treasure 200 Oh god binge bonus Very good don't go into the Arctic There's a massive way to dive Unless we're dying super quick And then maybe we can get a free life from it I want the horseshoe Where's me down horseshoe It's down here somewhere I knew it Is it? I didn't hear it Maybe we already got it I didn't realize Maybe we did Well I don't want to die anytime soon So there we go Godzilla Got him Woo Here you go The fog roast didn't get that either So that's another thing Is there anything else? I feel like I'm missing one thing I don't know what Oh there you go, oh that was good Got the pyro shark there for 120 Shark fin is Might as well take it Yes We've just got to hit the point All the points for the big sharks are I think to the right Is probably going to be our best bet The abyss shark Should be at the bottom And if it's not maybe it's where Kempie bass is Okay Oh I did see them We're just going to go straight down That's something we didn't even know what it was Like where what? Bam Okay anything down here? No abyss shark Are you kidding me? Is it even worth looking for Kempie bass? Is it? Oh there isn't a abyss shark here Okay not bad not bad not bad I'll take it I'll take it We've got to get out of here We've got to get out of here though There we go get them all Get them all Alright let's go a little bit low Let's go low There might be something over here Could be wrong though I wonder what's like Like does the missile launcher take The place of the vortex Cause if it doesn't I'd like to have it but if it does Vortex is just too invaluable It's so good I wonder what you get with cloaking as well Cause that's something I don't know I think it's hidden now Let's go this way Oh god run out of boost And against the current not so good Oh my god that thing was huge Almost as though as well Very good very good Okay now we'll use it We go up in the same vortex Destroyed I know you too might be wondering My god it's like 20 minutes out as James Not shut up already Because we basically narrate everything we're doing Have you had a good day today? I have I've basically done no work It's my first work for today What time is it I'm gonna upload this the day off So at the moment it is Hold on let's have a look at what time And then you can be like wow that was so many hours ago I mean I'll try But it is 8 o'clock I think I could have this video done in an hour I think so as long as Well it depends if I keep on going I might still be alive I've got another video rendering for this weekend I'm not gonna tell you what it is though Need that to be a surprise Can't have all your Christmases come at once Here let's go This way Push! Right I'm noticing a severe lack of Godzilla's Right well there's a Mosasaur That'll do into another gold rush I'm gonna go this way There we go very good Whoa a lot of jellies Let's take all of that Take all of that to the bank Bam! Anything in here Just lots of zombie sharks Oh whoops Oh that's not too bad and we're in gold rush Oh there's an abyssal Boom 62,000 with that It's really not that much I'm gonna take the The underwater current All this way There we go after a gold rush Oh another missile shark very good Oh Leo I pluridon I don't think I got him for 120 times though I don't think I did Then on the vortex super scoff Anything is usually something good here Godzilla or Nothing really? This place is dead Oh it used to be happening Is it because it's nice? Oh there you go All those swimmers didn't even know what hit him Alright let's go slow Let's crawl It looks like A horror movie A monster movie I wanted to watch And it looked a bit similar to this And I think maybe it was a Japanese one Not so sure Or maybe Chinese Some sort of movie where it had a monster that looked like this And it was crawling Looked very similar But I remember putting on my list years ago to watch it Never got around to it I should probably look into that see what it was Oh god Oh god don't break come on game Don't freeze I've done so well I've done so well And we're level 4 We're all level this whole time Okay good vortex Good vortex keep me alive Just a little bit longer Bash Bash What? My phone just I did not say hey Google what's it doing Oh my god Alright well there you go there's an interruption From Google From Reddit apparently I don't even know what it said I was looking for but it heard me So we're on 400 million almost We're 10 million off which is not really that far We've got to go Okay come on something big Where is everything where did it all go This game is jipping me How did I get to 900 million How did I do that Because I'm not seeing anything big anymore The game is deliberately stunting me Maybe I got a high score When things used to spawn Before it updated so oh there you go There you go that's good that's good 400 so that was a good 8 million there I think I got from that thing Points are going now Point of lose now If you get that gold rush And you do the vortex You do the vortex No no no Yes Keep going keep going get the mind control Get the bonuses There we go already again wait for the mind control To go although we've got a vortex Working now I can hear it Oh no okay well I'm doing both I'm doing both apparently It's a Slow grind it's a slow grind When you get to the hundreds of millions Did not mean to not have it We got launched up Why are there massive Jet propulsion systems in the water I don't know this Seems to be doing alright though Do do do do do do do do do do do Do do do do do do do Alright Is that the vortex working I can't tell It should be working I can hear it But I don't see it oh there it is There it is okay good I haven't used my ability yet I want to save it There we go okay Oh that was beautiful Helicopter got pulled in that must have been for a fair few points Let's do this There's another one very good Oh that's another one keep this Going keep this going Times one twenty four stars oh there's Another that's brilliant Oh finally a shot that actually Kind of works in the air The longest time this just didn't work Because we I don't know We're getting good times bonuses Whoa pull the helicopter Into the water That was glorious okay we need to go down deep We need to go down deep I think We get to a roundabout this time And then it just gets hard It gets really hard We should go the Arctic Things go south Woo the Arctic Is in the south Actually it is James was smart accidentally He was a bit formidable That's a new definition of that word Bam! There we go let's just destroy that We've still got our other vortex If we so need it This is good I'm starting to master the Abyssal Shark We've only grown one level though Okay let's use my vortex here Just to make sure that we can stay alive While going up Just get the boost Smash all that there we go I'm not going to the Kevin Bass that is Suicidal at this point my health Oh yeah there's another great comment was it like Oh this thing's unstoppable Hell far I'm going to end this whole man's career That's why we need to boost our health And stuff Actually can you boost health? There we go get all that Like a soup How long can we do this for How long can we do this 428 I think we beat our last score I don't even know I'd have to get that video up to have a load It's only yesterday I completely forgotten Bosh there we go Destroy that Destroy that Oh Alan destroyer of worlds that was I haven't seen him in such a long time Maybe I need to destroy all the sharks Before they start respawning I'm sure I haven't done that Do I get stuff for destroying the rocks? I don't even know Okay we should go out Maybe we can get something good here We're on times 8 which is not very good There really wasn't anything out there Oh my god it almost died That wasn't so good Health not looking good at all Not looking good Submarine Anything? A diver Why did I even know? 99,000 coin 432 million score Oh no I don't want that Go away your microtransactions Oh we were pretty close to getting level 5 though Right there's bite, speed and boost I think we need to increase Bite by another 20% And speed by another 20% So it'll be 20% faster Then last time And have our bite increased I think that means radius right? No I don't want that I clicked bite Chew through your prey in no time With sharper teeth That doesn't really tell me what it does though It just means that I mean it takes less time To eat stuff but it's still pretty quick anyway Speed makes your Boost temporarily increases your speed And attack power Oh I didn't realize that Maybe I should just have increased the boost Okay guys well if you enjoyed this video In the next one I think we'll probably do something like Taking on the charge Oh and it can Wow okay the game can break That too We'll be joined in this video guys Until next time I'll see you later Oh bye bye


I've been asked to introduce a session by providing background context on the topic of governance challenges in the forest farm interface. First, it is important to explain how we conceptualize a forest farm interface and why this type of landscape presents specific types of government governance challenges. We use this concept to describe the types of landscapes occupied by the rural population most of the areas in the world work around the world in which we work. These landscapes support the livelihoods of high percentages of the rural populations in these countries. As Valentina mentioned, recently Peter Newton and co-authors estimated that this population was about 1.6 billion forest proximate people around the world. These landscapes produce large quantities of food, fuel, fiber and environmental services that support rural residents and urban populations alike. And however these landscapes do not fit neatly into conventional concepts used by policymakers and development planners. So often in official views there is a strict economy between forest and agriculture. And as a result policymakers hold negative views of the smallholder land use is found in these landscapes. These landscapes are often seen as degraded, poorly managed in need of protection because they are threatened by unauthorized deforestation or deforestation or illegal harvest. Conversely, agricultural lands in these landscapes are seen as unproductive, inefficiently used or disorganized. Smallholder producers on these landscapes are often treated as illegitimate. They are frequently seen as migrant invaders, even though in many cases they have occupied these lands for decades if not generations. Smallholder producers are often seen as backwards with low capacities with irrational beliefs and practices that waste resources and land and land through inefficient use. Frequently they are characterized as impediments to national progress or modernization. More often they are simply underappreciated, misunderstood or ignored. While these comments are broad generalizations, these types of views do frame how government actors regard broad swaths of the rural lands where we are working. These beliefs undercut efforts to promote equitable and sustainable development as well as conservation efforts. Alternatively, we have been trying to frame understanding of these rural landscapes under the rubric of the Forest Farm Interface to better acknowledge the complexity and the potential of these systems while also recognizing the challenges they face. So how do we define the Forest Farm Interface? The Forest Farm Interface is a multifunctional land use and land cover mosaic managed by family farmers and communities. The resource management systems of these local actors take place at variable scales across plots, properties, communities and watersheds. In these landscapes we can identify diversity of land use systems, products and services that reflect a diversity of livelihood strategies. These systems combine forest fragments, fallows and systems. They are mosaics that are temporarily and spatially complex and adapted to local circumstances, and they reflect local biophysical characteristics, available technologies, infrastructural capacities and market dynamics. Finally, producers in these landscapes include a heterogeneous collection of family farms, smallholder enterprises and nested social organization. What are the governance challenges faced by the Forest Farm Interface? First, the producers present in the Forest Farm Interface often fall outside of formal systems and categories. Often these families have insecure undocumented properties because they lack formal property rights, they are usually excluded from official programs. These producers maintain local governance systems framing behaviors that are usually unrecognized because they are customary systems. These include systems of authority, reciprocity, resource allocation and conflict mediation. Also typically when these producers engage with the market they do so through informal value chains. While these arrangements can be effective and adaptive, they also put these producers at risk to state sanction, and they also leave them in weak positions to engage with other market actors. And because these systems are unrecognized and informal, they often are threatened in multiple fronts. For example, official programs or development initiatives can impose organizational structures and institutions such as formal associations, cooperatives or user groups that ignore existing arrangements or are superimposed on them. As a result, they undercut customary systems, disrupt local patterns of authority, resource allocation and benefit distribution or conflict mediation. These new externally imposed organizations can also introduce or solidify patterns of inequality, allowing elite capture or exclusion of marginalized resource users. In some cases, development policies can grant resource access and empower external actors or third parties without acknowledging local claims or institutions. When this happens, it can facilitate displacement of smallholder mosaics and which are replaced by alternative land uses or resource users. In the process the shift in rights can generate conflict and violence. The forest farm interface often occurs in frontier areas where formal government is absent or agencies are weak. This means residents in these landscapes lack access to crucial institutional services and support, such as credit extension services legal support or police protection. When state agencies are present, they typically emphasize environmental regulation and compliance, often resulting in sporadic and uneven enforcement of rules, which results in uncertainty and generates risks for producers. Finally, when these systems, when these efforts for conventional, when there are efforts for conventional policy reform, the process often excludes or ignores smallholders in their production systems. To explain this, and before concluding, I would like to reflect on some more on this point. Over the past five or six years, we have been analyzing multiple attempts at reform of forest policies to address the needs of communities and smallholder producers in the Amazon. These include efforts to introduce administrative mechanisms to approve the use of forest resources by smallholders in Peru, attempts to include smallholder producers and farmer managed natural regeneration within a national plantation registry also in Peru, and attempts to streamline administrative processes for small scale community forest management in Amapá, Brazil. In the process we observed a number of policy barriers that limited the reach and effectiveness of these initiatives. By drawing attention to these points, we hope to highlight a few possible ways forward. First, reforms frequently imposed uniform institutional models or concepts developed for context and scales, other concepts and context and scales. For example, management planning procedures relied on management models and concepts designed to guide decision making in the management of extensive stands of all growth forests, rather than the management of pioneer species and second growth fellows. Second reform processes failed to address institutional inertia or jurisdictional overlap. In several cases, small cadres or reformers found that their well attentioned initiatives had limited influence within large institutions, resistance to change. In the Amapá case, mechanisms designed to take advantage of opportunities for state level policy innovation still required their approval of national level agencies that stuck to existing approval processes which block the introduction of reforms. Third, even when there is interest in reforms, in practice emphasis continues to be placed on compliance, enforcement and sanctions, rather than facilitation incentives or the creation of enabling conditions. Finally, reforms often focused on sectoral procedures, for example forest management regulations, but did not address the continued exclusion of small holders as legitimate stakeholders. For example, in contexts where small holders lack land title and rely on customary systems, their property rights are unrecognized, so they are unable to participate and receive formal permission to manage resources. Also, regulatory reforms tend to emphasize conservation measures rather than sustainable production, so did not reflect the interest of small holders and these points are going to be very relevant in the discussion of the agroforestry concessions in a moment. While it is encouraging to see that reforms intended to facilitate better governance at the forest farm interface continue, it is clear that greater effort is needed to produce outcomes that will outcomes we would like to see. So, this begs the question, are we on the right track. So over the past couple of days, there have been a number of examples of how C4 eCraft is developing tools and approaches that could generate evidence to support improved governance of these landscapes. In particular, I think some concepts approaches that we have been debating like options by context, multi stakeholder processes, and integrated landscape management offer much promise for addressing these challenges. The presentations and commentary we're about to hear should set a stage for an interesting discussion of the ways forward. Thank you.


The claim that Jesus was the Messiah is one of the beliefs separating Judaism from Christianity. We've explained the Jewish understanding of the Messiah, especially that Judaism never understood the Messiah to be anything more than the human being chosen by God to bring the era of peace and love foretold by the prophets of Israel. We've also explained that Judaism could not accept the reinterpretation of the Messianic promise into a purely spiritual state without any historical and political consequences. In short, Judaism understands the redemption as having to occur in the real political world and not only in the hearts of believers. Since Jesus did not liberate the Jewish people from the Roman yoke and did not end warfare and hatred among individuals and nations, Judaism was not able to accept the Messianic claims made for Jesus. We now come to an even more serious matter. While the question of whether Jesus was or was not the Messiah is undoubtedly one of the considerable importance, it's hardly comparable in seriousness from the Jewish point of view to the claim that Jesus was God. Let us first try to understand the Jewish view of God and his relationship to man. From the beginning, the Hebrew Bible, the Old Testament, very sharply distinguishes between God and man. God is the creator of heaven and earth for whom nothing is impossible. Man is a creature of God. He is undoubtedly God's most noble creature created after all creatures had been brought into existence. In Genesis chapter 1, man is given dominion over all creatures. The most astounding and theologically significant statement is the declaration that man was created in the image and likeness of God. Further in chapter 1 in Genesis, where the difference between God and man anything other than absolute, the statement that man was created in the image of God would hardly have the power that it does. It strikes us as one of the Bible's most significant statements because of our prior understanding of the difference between God and man. Given the magnitude of that difference, we're overwhelmed by God's love for man to the extent that a similarity is asserted to connect man with God. The exact meaning of the likeness that obtains between God and man is not easy to define. Nevertheless, it's clear that the creation and the image of God bestows upon man the unique dignity that he possesses. But in spite of the dignity of being created in the image of God, it would be a grave error from the point of view of the Hebrew Bible to overlook the absolute difference between God and man. It is easy for man to forget the difference. When the serpent tempts Eve in Genesis chapter 3, verse 5, he tells her that if she will eat the forbidden fruit, your eyes will be opened and you will be like God's. A similar thing can be felt in the Tower of Babel incident, Genesis chapter 11, verse 1 to 9, in which men decide to build ourselves a city and tower with its top in the heavens and make a name for ourselves. Here, as well as in the decision to eat of the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden, man aspires to some form of divinity. And invariably, this is met by God with the greatest disapproval. Ezekiel in chapter 28, verse 2, condemns the Prince of Tyre for claiming to be God. In your arrogance you say, I am a God. I sit thrown like a God on the high seas. Yet you are a man and not God, though you consider your thoughts the thoughts of God. In the Hebrew Bible, it's essential for a man to accept his creaturely status and not to confuse himself with God. Whenever a man yields to the temptation to confuse himself with God, he incurs God's anger and is severely punished. Parallel with man's temptation to confuse himself with God is the horror of the Hebrew Bible at idolatry. Idolatry is the worship of false gods. In the Hebrew Bible, only the God of Israel is God. Unlike the other gods of the ancient Near East, the God of Israel is the supreme ruler of the whole universe so that nowhere can man escape his jurisdiction. The other gods are material creations of man and to worship them is the worst possible transgression against the creator of the world. The Ten Commandments make this very clear. In the book of Exodus, chapter 20, verse 2 to 6, after stating, I am the Lord your God who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery, the text continues, You shall have no other God to set against me. You shall not make a carved image for yourself nor the likeness of anything in the heavens above or on the earth below or in the waters on the earth.  I punish the children for the sins of the fathers to the third and fourth generations of those who hate me but I keep faith with thousands, with those who love me and keep my commandments. This passage makes clear the revulsion of God at all material representations of the divine. Any worship directed at a material being whether created by human artistry or natural object or living thing is idolatry. The true God who created the world and chose the people of Israel is an invisible God who cannot be contained by anything material. In Deuteronomy, chapter 4, verse 15 to 21, we read, On the day when the Lord spoke to you out of the fire of Horeb, you saw no figure of any kind. So take good care not to fall into the degrading practice of making figures carved in relief in the form of man or a woman or any living animal on earth or bird that flies in the air or of any reptile on the ground or fish in the waters under the earth. Nor must you raise your eyes to the heavens and look up at the sun, the moon, and the stars. All the host of the heaven and be led on to bow down to them and worship them. The Lord your God assign those to the various peoples under heaven. But you are the people whom the Lord brought out of Egypt from the smelting firmness and took for his own possession as you are to this day. The finality of God's prohibition against worshipping anything material could not be more clear whether the object worshipped is a statue or a living animal or a human being. It is in the light of this that the Christian claimed that Jesus was God must be evaluated. Let us first make clear that this is indeed the claim that Christianity makes. Sometimes this is overlooked in the heat of discussion. We hear it said that to be a Christian one must accept Jesus once personal savior as the Messiah and as the Son of God. We've already made it clear that in Judaism and to Jews at the time of Jesus the Messiah was not God but a human being. The term Son of God is often used in the New Testament in connection with Jesus but this is not an assertion that Jesus was God. The term Son of God is used frequently in the Hebrew Bible to refer to the people of Israel. In many instances where Son of God occurs in the Hebrew Bible the term clearly means elected or chosen by God. By no means does this mean that the people of Israel or the king of Israel is God in any sense. Nevertheless we cannot escape the fact that classical Christianity asserts that Jesus was God and it's this claim that makes it so serious for a Jew to embrace Christianity. How did Christianity come to hold this opinion which is so deeply unacceptable from the Jewish point of view? It was formally embraced at the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE which declared that the Son was begotten not made and quote of one essence with the Father. Unquote. This determination was a response to and a rejection of the view of Arius who taught that the Son Jesus was created as a being who was not of the substance of God and was not eternal. While even for Arius Jesus had certain divine qualities he was by no means an equal of God but probably a lower divinity. But it is this view that the Council of Nicaea rejected by speaking of the Son as of one essence with the Father the Council took the faithful step of refusing to subordinate Jesus in any sense to his Father to whom Jesus prays in his last agony on the cross. So both the Son and the Holy Spirit are now not creatures of the invisible God of the Hebrew Bible but equal persons with him. Now at first glance this doctrine sounds like an abandonment of monotheism. The teaching that God is one and the reversion to polytheism the teaching that there are many gods. The church however has traditionally rejected this interpretation and insisted that in spite of the threefold nature of God the Father the Son the Holy Spirit each person of which is the full equal of the others that there is also a oneness in God that makes the Christian triune deity continuous with the one God of the Hebrew Bible. Now the Christian insistence of the oneness of God in spite of the three co-equal persons in him is a source of satisfaction to Jews because it keeps Christianity within a monotheistic framework. It has to be said that Judaism finds a three that are one doctrine virtually impossible to understand. Especially in light of the teaching that only one of these persons became a man. It's not our intention to impose a simplistic requirement for rationality on religious teachings. I mean nevertheless such teachings have to be intelligible if they are to be believed and it's precisely this that is questionable in the teaching of the Trinity. Almost all Jewish scholars and many Christian scholars believe that the doctrine of the full divinity of Jesus is not to be found in the New Testament and that would have been apparent to the Jew Jesus. There are a number of instances in the New Testament in which we find Jesus himself making almost explicit denials of his divinity. In Luke chapter 18 in verse 18 to 19 we read a man of a ruling class put this question to him, good master what must I do to win eternal life? Jesus said to him, why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. The reply of Jesus makes clear the distinction that he draws between himself and God. In Matthew chapter 12 verse 32 Jesus says, any man who speaks a word against the Son of man will be forgiven but if anyone speaks against the Holy Spirit for him there will be no forgiveness either in this age or in the age to come thereby distinguishing between himself and the Holy Spirit. In speaking of the end of days Jesus says again in Mark chapter 13 verse 32 but about that day or about that hour no one knows not even the angels in heaven not even the Son only the Father. One cannot resist asking how the Son and the Father can be equal persons of God when there is knowledge available to the Father that's not available to the Son. It's for these reasons among others that it's highly unlikely that Jesus would have found the teaching of his divinity acceptable nevertheless we should note those elements in the New Testament that made the nice scene development possible. While the nice scene definition almost certainly goes beyond the New Testament's interpretation of the status of Jesus there are some features of the New Testament's view that laid the groundwork for it. Essentially this has to do with the New Testament's view of the person of Jesus. Who was he and how was he related to the figures in the Hebrew Bible? In the Hebrew Bible once we leave the patriarchs the key figures are the prophets of Israel of whom Moses was the first and the greatest. A prophet is a messenger of God he's sent by God to deliver a message to the people. As a messenger a prophet doesn't speak on his own authority but on the authority of the one who sent him. The formula of the prophets is thus set the Lord and when they utter this phrase they declared themselves to be speaking for the God of Israel who sent them. Jesus does not always speak as a messenger of God while he occasionally refers to the Father who sent him more often he speaks on his own authority. At times as in Matthew 5 he contrasts quote what you have been taught unquote with quote I say unto you unquote a contrast that the Jewish mind finds most problematic. The question that arises in the mind of the Jewish reader of the New Testament is who are you? In all of Judaism it is God who teaches what is right and what is wrong. The prophets as we've already pointed out are messengers and spokesmen of God. The rabbis interpret the written and oral law. They have the authority to legislate additions to the law but such additions are clearly recognized as rabbinic enactments and cannot contradict God's law. Jesus lays down his own teachings which he does not attribute to God but to himself. Now while this does not by itself signify that Jesus was considered God by the New Testament it does mean that the New Testament attributes a very special status to Jesus beyond that of the prophets depicted in the Hebrew Bible. Occasionally there are New Testament passages that seem to state the divinity of Jesus more clearly though these are not passages that report the words of Jesus himself. An example of such a passage would be Colossians chapter 2 verse 9 which asserts that it is in Christ that the complete being of the Godhead dwells embodied. It should be noted that the Pauline authorship of Colossians has been questioned specifically because of its otherwise un-Pauline Christology. It's difficult to determine whether the claim that Jesus was God is fully a post-New Testament development or whether it has a firm foundation in the New Testament itself. As we've already said most Jewish and some Christian scholars believe that the teaching of the divinity of Jesus came into Christianity from gentile sources and was unknown to the original community of the followers of Jesus. Be that as it may the fact remains that mainline Christianity since the time of the Council of Nicaea has adhered to this belief and it's embraced by those Jews who convert to Christianity. From the Jewish point of view this belief is idolatrous. The prohibition against idolatry as we've seen is one of the most severe injuries. According to Jewish law there are only three transgressions that are so severe that when faced with a choice of transgressing or death the Jew is commanded to sacrifice his life rather than transgress. One of these is idolatry. It's therefore important for Jews to know that a Jew who believes that Jesus was God in the sense asserted by the Nicene Creed commits idolatry as defined by Jewish law. There's only one other point to be made. Does a Gentile who believes in the divinity of Jesus in accordance with the Nicene Creed commit idolatry? As we will see later while Gentiles are not obligated to obey all the commandments that are obligatory for Jews, one of the commandments which is binding on Gentiles is the prohibition against idolatry. From the Jewish point of view are Gentile Christians idolaters? But the answer according to the dominant Jewish view is that they're not. In Jewish literature the term that came to be used for the Trinitarian concept of God was Shetuf, the Hebrew word for partnership. The prevailing Jewish view is that the belief in Shetuf does not constitute idolatry for Gentiles but does so for Jews. The reason for this is that the definition of what constitutes idolatry is very different for Jews and Gentiles. Belief in Shetuf, the belief that God shares his being in equal partnership with Jesus and the Holy Spirit is not idolatry by the standard of idolatry demanded of Gentiles, but the very same belief held by a Jew constitutes idolatry by the standard applicable to Jews. It's for this reason that Judaism does not condemn Christian Trinitarianism as idolatry unless those holding the belief are Jews who are bound by the covenant of Sinai.


Everybody forced here, but a rip in 21 or 22 23 Recon hobby six box half case number 22. Thanks for joining the break everybody. There's your random results Let's go ahead and get started. All right, so again 13 to go on the bowman and top sterling mixer then we've also got One to go on contenders three to go and tend to go on sterling random hits Sohan franchise legends Bought by d'Angelo Russell J. Nivy base Celtic still holding that that pretty strong lead Are the heat in trouble think I think it might be trouble vector Lamello Darius calling to 299 for the Cavaliers Hollow speckle short print John Collins Hawks red rookie Trevor Keels next to 199 Auto for the Hawks on Yekka Okong would a 99 rock the Ram-Anthony Edwards hollow deer and Vox Like Wesley Usman Jang rookie to 49 that goes to the Thunder future legends Johnny Davis Got an AJ Griffin rookie to 299 for Atlanta vector Nicola Yolkich Red to 199 Donovan Mitchell Cavaliers Pacers rookie auto Andrew Nemard 70 of 99 each half of the case had an Andrew Nemard auto to 79 Rock the rim LeBron James Josh Hart rookie review LeBron James Cavaliers nice card calves 299 camera radish Blazers Diabatte Oshak Baji rookie recon followed by Terrio zero to 199 Hornets So again, there's personal Zalman act tomorrow on drip the they'll go live at around 10 a.m. Eastern whenever the the stream gets posted That means the product is live and you can buy them then 150 a spot No, Kenzie's not moving. She's just taking another job. So she could be home more Was my jang Dante David Shenzo to 299 for the nugget for that start of the Lakers Ryan Rollins a vector Steph Curry Josh Hart Fleet Feet is a Tyrese Maxie get the card here. There we go Tyrese Maxie to 49 sixes as well and a one of one Nets auto Royce O'Neill Congrats to Brooklyn. That's a combo spot. I believe Yeah, it is congrats to the Nets one-of-one Royce O'Neill auto that is Gary see there you go Gary We'll get in the mag for you shed homerun How are they getting extra rest if they're playing more games Steve Bama to bio Daniel Russell Hall of a that is Steve's idea of relaxing is a Playing a very intense sport Officially demanding sports make sense to me make sense to me Christian Brown rookie recon rookie red Keegan Murray to 199 Kings Price McGowan's bracelet. Yeah, Steve's like I've been chilling. It's just super sweaty and tired Donner a soft drink I think it's I think it's Wednesday. I think she'll this Alexander all systems go It's your part of a junior rookie hollow Rockets But whenever I need to see a release date I go right Here Where the heck is it? Yeah, it is when it's a 31st Wednesday. It's a lot going on next Wednesday impeccable basketball and on our topic. Geez dude. What the heck That's a lot Evan Mowley future legends with a Nick's Quentin Grimes at 299 followed by a Pelicans auto rookie Dyson Daniels the 49 nice Dyson tie-tie Washington So down Steve so down I'm just kidding rookie Vector Benedict Matherin for the Pacers Royce O'Neill Think Santa's gonna be upset. He's gonna say one of one rolls Royce O'Neill I'm marking in red to 1 to 9. Oh, oh, Geona. No be for the Raptors. Well, it wasn't busy golfing Got him there Jalen Williams Moe Wagner moving on moving on got baseball and I think basketball is sold out for the night I believe it is Yep contenders sold out the random hit case number nine of sterling is down to two as well There's 12 total random hit sterling spots tonight. We're still at 13 on the sterling and bowman mixer I was gonna get your link to something I Get the shoes well, it's either sterling or it's one of the it's the mixer. It's the first one That's so There you go. I feel special Rocked rimbam out of bio Tyrese maxi hollow Select FIFA that next Friday or is that not next week Christian Brown rookie recon Malachi brand of the 299 Spurs rookie Well by Jack Sigma auto to 49 sonics go into the Thunder for the Thunder Make sure you tag anything that has a different name on the thing That'll get tagged Thunder every time At least really hits Jalen sucks future legends calling to the towns That's what I do. I didn't make a list of all the teams and who they go to that are like not around anymore vector LeBron James Yeah, so the beta one We'll start personals whenever group breaks ends 1231 maybe the laughter one Not much wait. It's all we got to fill up all the breaks Fleet feet Chris Paul hollow Evan Mobley They might be full now, I just really depends on me and Yeah, there's already like 15 boxes ordered we might be full Maybe not quite most of them are pretty quick rips so far, but rocked rim Jalen Turin The Andre Hunter to 299 for the Hawks Shade on sharp they want to be a part of I'll see history tonight.  No, I know what it is You hollow a jelly dog for the pelicans But would you even know I guess it's up to me. It's really up to I'm the only one that actually Bobby corners to $1.99 bucks and a redemption rocket true potential signatures red nation Nick's Yeah, I don't love score football, but it's always nice to see like newer rookies They did a lot better with it last year at least I'm excited for score to release because then that means other football products are coming Yeah, not blocks of base cards vector Keegan Murray Kobe white hollow. I don't dislike it. I like a little bit. It's a good bit What a cost is good. You get what three four hits per box. It's good. Yeah, Anthony Davis $3.00 and a man 299 yucca purtle for the Raptors one hit one hit a pack. Well, this is different now They better not change this. I like the the the font on the cards like a luminance like yeah Excited for the excited for the questions. There's gonna be questions because something new Rikki recon Paloban caro and then that's gonna be Donnie $1.99 max through seats and then No, and then that's gonna be exact. No and then future legends giddy Yolkich hollow Nicola Yovitch Yolkich and Yovitch back-to-back vector Anthony Edwards Chris Duarte Rikki review Kawhi Leonard Spurs Lonzo number to $2.99 for Chicago. Well, Carl if you're not going after a quarterback, maybe he's gonna get bumper pool Rock the rim Aaron Gordon followed by John Collins hollow and an auto for the Spurs Doug McDermott out of 125 books Rock the rim Westbrook mark Marcus smart to $1.99 Celtics. Oh No, Carl, you have to wait for contenders probably Walker Kessler Keegan Murray rookie hollow Jaden Ivy rookie base. Why are you going after bumper? He likes the name bumper pool Okay, that's very acceptable Future legend. I've you just got to hope he sticks around on the roster to where he can get like a contender's auto Or like, you know one of the other later autos Ryan Rollins ricketed $2.99 for the Warriors What position is he he's a linebacker If you get at least be a special teams linebacker, he'll definitely have a contender's auto Paloban carol if you play football for the majority of your key season, you have a contender's auto Or everybody's in it 299 Tatum Celtics Ben Mather and rookie base. Who knows how much longer specialties are gonna be a thing That's true. That's true. I Vector Devin Booker with a poker sense. He ruined the sport Rookie jersey on a Walker Kessler to 99 jazz nice hit jazz Because like they're going to the direct show where they're just gonna get rid of kick-offs and punts They're gonna be like no kind of how does that ruin the sport? How's it ruin? How does it make it better? Right, but I'm not saying it makes it better. I'm gonna say how does it ruin it because there's like don't straw mad argument me Because like huge plays happen on those plays and if you take them out of the game like then it's like a little less exciting I Mean there's no kickoff returns as it is but the game's still exciting. I don't know. I hear what you're saying. I'm just gonna ruin it Marketing got Alec Burke's 299 for the pistons Like there's gonna be like no kickoff returns this year because it's fair catch it Sheila Williams rookie review a try young You heard about the new rule You just fair catch wherever and it's 25 yard line, right pretty much He's my jenny future legends. You've got isaac steward to 99 pistons. There's a dang on the isaac steward I'll send a box and I brought to the piston spot There's on the top edge Well, we'll see Is that like for good this year? They're just started trying it out this year so it's like a Greg anthony nicks out on a 49. Greg anthony. Wow nicks to 49 Claim to fame palo rookie base Yes, we'll see Yeah, they should do a scrum like rugby.  Do you know uncrossable steve? Pretty jealous of you right now vector Steph curry I'm stuck nodding on uncrossable actually clean haza 199 for the pistons Jeremy so on it's weird. I never eat them at home. I never have them at home. I have pb and j at home But it worked I have uncrossables Less messy super quick smaller than regular sandwiches is good too.  I've already had one tonight, but that was like counting my lunch basically to 99 al horvind celtics followed by a Rockets tie tie washington rookie draft knight signatures nine of ten Is it really cool? I'm new to the product this year draft knight signatures tie tie washington to 10 Nice card for the rockets Yaddle no, there's no yaddle dude. There's only there's only uh, there's only yoda Got vector lebron cristo arteta 199 pacers. We also didn't pull a super fracture sad face or even a red We pulled a few oranges though. Yeah We're dancing around a red all night jill and door and that means that means tomorrow night tomorrow night's the big night Especially since Sean's gonna be here Don't even know how big the card is that we hit Of course he gets to pull it. Hello. We're kids. You're bryce. We're junior Rockets To be a part of it I'm gonna have to show up in chat. Alrighty monta morris the 299 for the wizards last few packs Yeah, I know yaddle cards. Unfortunately future legends keegan murray buddy heal the 49 pacers sparse with jr. Rockets rookie base Fleet feet jaylin sugs followed by a Royce o'neill hollow Vector keegan murray rookie kings coi Leonard clippers out of 299 followed by a jordan clarkson auto to 49 for utah Utah give me two Here's the point break You know rocked room anthony davis john collin to the 99 hawks It was mondang. We've got a mo vagner ben matheran and some bass Illegal was here. He said two things earlier. I haven't seen him since that was like in the first what 30 to 45 minutes of stream Yeah, he was really he was really trying to Make his way up the line for personal illegal Oh legal. No, I was talking to Oh, yeah, no higley He was here. He said like two things very early on It was the first one or two cases of star wars. I think they're like in between I must have missed it All right, autos of jordan clarkson draft night signatures to 10 tai tai washington jr. That's a nice one Got greg anthony. Walker kessler. Doug mcdermott Disha nicks rockets true potential signatures red redemption jack sycma going to the thunder via the sonyx Dyson daniels onyeka o kong wu andrew namart and a one-of-one Royce o'neill auto For the next thanks again y'all. We're on to some more basketball


We are here with 150 people from 16 nations to conduct surveillance sortie within the NATO airspace for six weeks. That's the time window allocated for the deployment at the moment. This will provide a crucial contribution to the Enance vigilance activities that Enato is conducting for the Eastern flank. By gathering all those data together, we're going to enable a better understanding of the situation miles away from us. Our mission is to run surveillance sortie and protect our airspace by showing our presence and one more time by gathering information. Information is crucial nowadays, so the longer we can look at it, the better.


Hello everybody, E here. Welcome back to another book review. Today we are talking about Darkfall by Dean Koontz. I really enjoy this book. I will be completely honest with you. Up front I have to preface this. I didn't care too much for this read through, but that's not because this book isn't great. This is one of my favorite Dean Koontz books, and it remains one of my favorite Dean Koontz books, but I remember this book note for note for note and rereading it this time. I think it's the third time I've read it was boring, if I'm honest. There are so many great scenes in here that I knew.  I've been here since I read it. I didn't think I'd remember that much about it, but I did remember that much. So if I sound like I'm dogging on this book, please do not take me that way, because I truly and honestly recommend this book. I love this book. It's a lot of fun to read, but I was bored because I've read it three times and I remember so much about it. I want to say that I remember this being my first Dean Koontz book. I don't know. I'm not entirely sure, but it might have been. Another thing is this wasn't originally a Dean Koontz book. This was one of his Owen West books. And he says in here, which is kind of funny. He says, I owe special thanks to Mr. Owen West for giving me the opportunity to publish this variation on a theme under my byline. Of course, Dean Koontz is Owen West. Some other Owen West books are the absolutely terrible, the fun house and the absolutely garbage, the mask or just mask. I can't remember. I've hated every single one of the Owen West books that I've read so far other than this one. I remember loving fun house the first time I read it. And nowadays I can't stand it. I can't even finish the book. I mean, Dilly, we're going through and doing our rereads. I couldn't even finish it. This one, I finished it even though I was bored. I finished it. It's a it's a lot of fun. Slight spoilers coming up for the monsters in the book. So if you don't want to, if I will try to put a link, not a link, but a time code down there in the description to let you guys know where you can click to to get past this area. So spoilers, slight. I'm not spoiling anything for the story. Slight spoilers for the monsters in three, two, one. So the monsters in this book, I seem to recall them being demonic rats. They weren't demonic rats. They are what's called in the book, they're goblins, voodoo goblins in here. That was one thing that I did find a little silly that and the end of the book with the whole, you know, voodoo is just a mixture of all religions. So they were able to use holy water to defeat it, that kind of thing. That was kind of silly. But it's still so much fun to get through this book. There's so many legitimately creepy scenes that make me want to say that it's still one of my favorite Dean Coons books. There's several scenes. There's one in a bathroom that really creeped me out. The murders are especially brutal. Dean Coons has really gotten away from the brutality that he was so not known for. But the brutality of his earlier books just aren't, isn't around anymore. He really glosses over things that he used to go into more detail about.  He's been more flowery with his language. He's been more techno thriller kind of deal or whatever it may be. He's gotten rid of all the stuff that I grew up, all the stuff that I loved about him. He doesn't do anymore. It's more about cardboard characters and the same old predicaments over and over and over again. It's just gotten old.  If you are new to the Dean Coons world and you want to see what he's capable of as far as fun books, I would definitely go with this one. This theme has been reused quite often in his back catalogue. I would say this book is a lot like TikTok. It is a lot like, let's see here, what is it, Dragon Tears. It is a lot like those books. It does have a supernatural quality to it. I love that. But nowadays, even in the odd Thomas books, he tries to give a real world excuse for some of these things. Sometimes it's much scarier if you leave that stuff a mystery. But maybe, I don't know, maybe you guys disagree with me. Let me know down there in the doobly-doo. Next month, me and Dealey are doing a door to December, the door to December. I can't remember which one it is. But that's what's coming up next. That'll be next month. We're doing one Dean Coons book a month from here on out. But anyways, did you guys like this book? If you did, let me know why. If you guys didn't like this book, let me know that also down there in the doobly-doo. But until next time, I have been E, you have been U. This has been another Dean Coons book review. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye!


From Cambridge, Massachusetts, it's The Cube, covering MIT Chief Data Officer and Information Quality Symposium 2019, brought to you by SiliconANGLE Media. Welcome back to MIT, everybody. We're watching The Cube, the leader in live tech coverage. We're here at day two of the MIT Chief Data Officer Information Quality Conference. Dave Vellante with Paul Gillan, Andy Palmer is here. He's the co-founder and CEO of Tamer. Good to see you again. It's great to see you, Dave. Thanks for coming on. I didn't ask this to Mike. I can kind of infer from some of his answers, but why did you guys start Tamer? Well, it really started with an academic project that Mike was doing over at MIT. And I was over at Novartis at the time as the Chief Data Officer over there. And what we really found was that there were a lot of companies really suffering from data mastering as the primary bottleneck in their company. They had used great new tech like the Vertica system that we had built and automated a lot of their warehousing and such. But the real bottleneck was getting lots of data integrated and mastered really, really quickly. Yeah, he took us through the sort of problems with, well, obviously the EDW in terms of scaling, master data management and the scaling problems. Was that really the problem that you were trying to solve was how to scale? It really was. And when we started, I mean, it was like seven years ago, eight years ago now that we started the company. And maybe almost 10 when we started working on the academic project. And at that time people weren't really thinking or worried about that. They were still kind of digesting big data as it was called. But I think what Mike and I kind of felt was going on was that people were going to sort of get over the big data and the volume of data. And then we're going to start worrying about the variety of the data and how to make the data cleaner and more organized. And I think we called that one pretty much right. Maybe we're a little bit early but I think now variety is the big problem. So the other thing about big data is oftentimes associated with Hadoop which was a batch and then you sort of saw this shift to real time and Spark was going to fix all that. And so what are you seeing in terms of the trends in terms of how data is being used to drive almost near real time business decisions? Yeah, well you know Mike and I came out really specifically back in 2007 and declared that we thought Hadoop and HDFS was going to be far less impactful than other people thought. Oh, seven. Yeah, yeah, and Mike actually was really aggressive in saying it was going to be a disaster. And I think we've finally seen that actually play out a bit now, that the bloom is off the rose so to speak. And so they're these fundamental things that big companies struggle with in terms of their data and cleaning it up and organizing it and making an I-Quant. Anybody that's worked at one of these big companies can tell you that the data that they get from most of their internal systems sucks. Plain and simple. And so cleaning up that data, turning it into something that's an asset rather than liability is really what Tamer's all about and it's kind of our mission. We're out there to do this and it sort of pales in comparison.  Like we've got to fix that problem. So you're, I mean your special sauce is machine learning. Where are you applying machine learning most effectively? We apply machine learning to probably the least sexy problem on the planet. There are a lot of companies out there that use machine learning and AI to do predictive algorithms and all kinds of cool stuff. All we do with machine learning is actually use it to clean up data and organize data, get it ready for people to use AI. And I started in the AI industry back in the late 1980s and really I learned from this guy Marvin Minsky and Marvin taught me two things.  There's no algorithm that's worth anything unless you've got great data. And the second one is it's always about the human and the machine working together. And I've really been working on those two same principles most of my career and Tamer really brings both of those together. Our goal is to prepare data so that it can be used analytically inside of these companies that it's actually high quality and useful. And the way we do that involves bringing together the machine, mostly these advanced machine learning algorithms with humans, subject matter experts inside of these companies that actually know all the ins and outs and all the intricacies of the data inside of their company.  If you don't have good training data of course you're not going to have a good ML model. How much upfront work is required? Gee, I know it was one of your customers. I mean how much time is required to put together an ML model that can deal with 20 million records like that? Well, you know the amazing thing that's happened for us in the last five years especially is that now we've built enough models from scratch inside of these large global 2000 companies that very rarely do we go into a place where we don't already have a model that's pre-built that they can use as a starting point. And I think that's the same thing that's happening in modeling in general. If you look at great companies like DataRobot and even in the Python community ML Lib that the accessibility of these modeling tools and the models themselves are actually so, they're commoditized. And so most of our models and most of the projects we work on we've already got a model that's a starting point. We don't really have to start from scratch. You mentioned Jonathan AI in the 80s. The notion of AI is the same as it was in the 80s and now we've just got the tooling, the horsepower, the data to take advantage of it is the concept changed. The math is all the same. Like absolutely full stop. Like there's really no new math. The two things I think that have changed are first there's a lot more data that's available now. And neural nets are a great example, right? One of Marvin's things. That when you look at Google Translate and how aggressively they use neural nets it was the quantity of data that was available that actually made neural nets work. The second thing that's changed is the cheap availability of compute. That now the largest supercomputer in the world is available to rent by the minute. And so you've got all this data, you've got all this really cheap compute. And then third thing is what you alluded to earlier the accessibility of all the math that now it's becoming so simple and easy to apply these math techniques. And they're becoming, it's almost to the point where the average data scientist, not the advance of the average data scientist can do a practice AI techniques that 20 years ago required five PhDs. It's not surprising that Google with its neural net technology, all the search data that it has has been so successful. Does this surprise you that Amazon with Alexa was able to compete so effectively? Well, I think that I would never underestimate Amazon and their ability to build great tech. They've done some amazing work. One of my favorite, Mike and I actually one of our favorite examples in the last three years they took their Redshift system that competed with Vertica and they re-implemented it. And you know, as a compiled system and it really runs incredibly fast. I mean that feat of engineering was truly exceptional. It's interesting to hear you say that because it wasn't Redshift originally a PowerXL. Yeah, that's right. Larry Ellison craps all over Redshift because ah, it's just open source software that they just took and repackaged but you're saying they did some major engineering to it. Oh my gosh, yeah. It's like Mike and I both, you know, we always compared PowerXL to Vertica and we always knew we were better in a whole bunch of ways but this latest rewrite that they've done as a compiled version, it's really good. So as a guy who's been doing AI for 30 years now and it's really seeing it come into its own, a lot of AI projects seems right now are sort of low hanging fruit, small scale stuff. Where do you see AI in five years? What kind of projects are companies going to be undertaking, what kind of new applications are going to come out of this phenomenon? I think we're at the very beginning of this cycle and actually there's a lot more potential than has been realized. So I think we are in the pick the low hanging fruit kind of a thing but some of the potential applications of AI are so much more impactful especially as we modernize core infrastructure in the enterprise. So the enterprise is sort of living with this huge legacy burden and we always are encouraging it. Tamer, our customers to think of all their existing legacy systems as just data generating machines and the faster they can get that data into a state where they can start doing state of the art AI work on top of it, the better. And so really you've got to put the legacy burden aside and kind of draw this line in the sand so that as you really build their muscles on the AI side that you can take advantage of that with all the data that they're generating every single day. So if you think about these data repositories, enterprise data warehouse, you guys built better with MPP technology, better data warehouses, then you have the master data management stuff, the top down enterprise data models, Hadoop and big data. None of them really lived up to their promise. So kind of somewhat unfair to the MPP guys because you said, hey, we're just going to run faster and you did, but you didn't say we're going to change the world and all that stuff or ZDW did. Do you feel like this next wave is actually going to live up to the promise? I think the next phase is, and it's very logical, like I know you're talking to Chris Lynch here in a minute and what they're doing at AtScale and AtScale and Tamer, these companies are all in the same general area that's kind of related to how do you take all this data and actually prepare it and turn it into something that's consumable really quickly and easily for all of these new data consumers in the enterprise. And so that's the next logical phase in this process. Now, will this phase be the one that finally sort of meets the high expectations that were set 20, 30 years ago with enterprise data warehousing? I don't know, but we're certainly getting closer to it. Well, I kind of hope not because then we'll have less to do. Any other cool stuff that you see out there that as a technologist? I'm huge, I'm fanatical right now about healthcare. I think that the opportunity for healthcare to be transformed with technology is almost makes everything else look like chump change. What aspect of healthcare? Well, I think that the most obvious thing is that now with the consumer sort of in the driver's seat in healthcare that technology companies that come in and provide consumer driven solutions that meet the needs of patients regardless of how dysfunctional the healthcare system is, that's killer stuff. We had a great company here in Boston called Pillpack. It was a great example of that where they just build something better for consumers and it was so popular and so broadly adopted. Again, eventually Amazon bought it for a billion dollars but those kinds of things in healthcare, Pillpack is just the beginning. There's lots and lots of those kinds of opportunities. Well, healthcare is ripe for disruption and it hasn't been hit with the digital disruption. And neither has financial services really, certainly defense has not yet in other industries, they're high-risk industries. So it takes longer. Well, Andy, thanks so much for making the time. I know you got to run, awesome seeing you, take care. All right, keep it right there. Everybody will be back with our next guest right after this short break. You're watching theCUBE from MIT, CBOIQ. Right back.