So, what I want to talk about is this notion of recovery for the Balkans, and wherever you look in the region you see economic problems, and indeed some of those are spilling over into social problems as well. In some cases, Bosnia and Herzegovina most recently, and basically the region has not really recovered from the impact of the global crisis five years ago. It's still starting to get out of it, and I've listed some of the problems here about the limited growth, the fiscal condition is very poor in those cases.  And indeed the whole reform process and business environment is lagging behind in this region, as exemplified in our transition report title stuck in transition. But our view, my view as I've propounded in this room a number of times, and I think the view of our bank is that medium term there is a lot of potential in this region, and indeed potential for entrepreneurs. So I'm chiming very much with that because it's optimistic vision for the medium and long term future. So what I'll do is just show you a few of the macro charts and then come back to some of these themes from the transition report. So just zipping through quickly, here you have our current growth forecast. So we have a breached country showing 2012, 2013 and our forecast for 2014. So it's really a story this year without going country by country. It's a story of pretty modest growth, typically one, two percent or so this year, well below the kind of potential the region has, well below the pre-crisis levels. Perhaps a word on Croatia since Africa has Croatia, we have the ambassador here also, and our current projection is one percent growth this year. But frankly looking at the most recent data, I think even that is a bit optimistic and I think even the government is expecting less than that. So when you're more optimistic than the government you really have to limit your forecast and think again. So we might be downgrading that forecast as the IMF have just done next round. So modest growth, high unemployment, you can see how the unemployment rates have changed since 2008, and they've reached really quite frightening levels I would say in a number of countries in the region, above 20 percent in Serbia, in Pennsylvania, Macedonia and worst of all in Kosovo. Now if you have a sort of Keynesian training you might think well the government can step in and spend more, but when you look at these fiscal deficits and how they have changed since pre-crisis period, you see that there really is no scope at all for expansion in fiscal policies. These countries, particularly Serbia and Albania, but also Croatia are running high deficits, and Croatia is now under this excessive deficit procedure, so they have to get the deficit down in the coming years. And public debt, again this is a percentage of GDP, and you can see the rise in all countries, and particularly sharp rises in Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and Albania. So when public debt in countries like these is above 60 percent of GDP that really sets off alarm bells among investors and indeed anyone else who looks at the country. On the investment side foreign direct investment has dropped dramatically in some cases since the pre-crisis period. What I'm showing here is quite, the FDI can be quite lumpy from one year to another, so here we're taking the average of 2004 to 2008, which were the boom years, versus 2009 to 2012. So you can see a big drop here in Croatia, not a smaller drop in Serbia, but from a lower level, and Bulgaria and Romania sort of off the scale. These are really up here, pre-crisis, big FDI boom, post-crisis, it's fallen through the phone. Okay, now that's the kind of gloomy side, on the more positive side, I think any recoveries is bound to be export led in this region. And indeed you see, if you take year on year growth in exports, you see there has been quite a significant recovery post-crisis. There was a dip again in 2012, but in 2013 in most countries exports grew again. This has helped to bring down current account deficits, which were a very significant vulnerability in the pre-crisis periods. You see in Montenegro, current account deficit was about 40% of GDP back in 2007. It's still quite significant in Montenegro, but much less than before, and we've been having services now in a couple of countries like Croatia and Bulgaria. Now, all of which leads me to say that although you can see a lot of problems in the macro picture, broadly speaking the situation is stable. We have low inflation everywhere, we have banking systems that are stable, we have countries, all countries have significant levels of foreign reserves. The fiscal situations are being addressed, I believe, and it leads you then to look at the potential for convergence. So what I'm showing here, and this is from Eurostat data, this is GDP per capita, it's an index, so the index is 100 for the EU 28 average. I'll put the eurozone average here, it's about 110 I think. And you can see that in all countries except Croatia, GDP per capita, adjusted for purchasing power standards is less than half the EU average. So we know from economic theory and we know also from economic experience that poorer countries can and should grow faster than richer ones, provided of course the right conditions are in place. Now, what are going to be the growth drivers? Well, I think the EU accession process is of course a very important driver and I've just summarised here in the table, I'm sure you all know where countries stand and the process of the Croatia's accession last year was really a milestone for the region. So although this is a slow process, it is ongoing and it is something that still has strong support in the region. And of course once countries are in, then they have access to substantial EU cohesion funds, which we know are complicated to use and indeed if you look at utilisation rates in Romania and Romania especially and also Bulgaria, they are below expectations. But the hope is that now Croatia is in and that it can use these funds effectively. But it's not just about the external anchor of accession, but it's also about cooperation within the region. Let me show you this nice picture. From a few weeks ago we at the EBRD hosted a major conference on western Balkans plus Croatia. We had four or five hundred business people and investors attending, but crucially we also had all prime ministers of the region. You can see the Croatian Prime Minister, Mr Milanovic, but all the others. Think of how remarkable this would have been some years ago to have Serbian Prime Minister, Mr Dacic on the same stage as the Kosovo Prime Minister, Mr Pati. This by the way is EBRD, President of Sumitrakovatis. So I think there is really a recognition that regional cooperation is not something that has to be imposed from the outside, but is really in the interests of the countries themselves and I think your institute is a living example of that. And indeed Croatia, which is in some ways part of central Europe, but it's also got these links to southeastern Europe, is really a crucial country I think in this process for bridging these two regions. That's the broad microfeature. Let me now come to the transition report. I may say we're very proud of this year's report. I think we're always proud of our transition report. We put a lot of effort into it and care, but this year I know from presenting the report in a number of cases, including in Zagreb in January, it really resonates with people. They really engage with the messages of the report and the report is really a political economy one. It's about the link between politics and economics. It's about how reforms, democracy and economic growth all go together. It's about the role of institutions in driving growth and it's also about the importance of education and the importance of inclusion and promoting equality of opportunity. These are the main themes. Now, conscious of time, I'm not going to give you a summary of the whole report, but I want to take just a few charts from the report to take what I think are the most important points for this region. One is about the importance of the economic institutions and what drives them. This is a colorful chart which shows country by country some different measures of economic institutions. They're mostly World Bank measures. We've used the World Bank's global governance indicators. These are things like rule of law, control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality. We've also used the World Bank's doing business scores. We have our own indicators as well, the EBRD transition indicators, which are another measure of the quality of institutions and also the challenges ahead. The details are in the report, how we calculate these and normalize them, but basically the higher up you are, the better your institutions. You can see that the southeast European countries are mostly here in the middle. There's a lag behind the central European countries. Here's Croatia here and then further down, Romania and Bulgaria, Montenegro and then down all the way to Albania here. The question we ask in the report is what determines economic institutions? How can you explain this big variation between the likes of Estonia here and Turkmenistan over here? There's a menu of possible explanations and we ran some quite sophisticated econometric tests in that. I won't go into any of the details, but just to say that among these possibilities for explaining why some countries have good institutions and some bad, the one that really dominates is trade and financial sector openness. So the more open countries are to trade and foreign investment and capital movements, the better the quality of their institutions. This is something that is fairly robust to different ways of estimating and controlling for different factors and so on. Now when it comes to the EU accession countries, one thing we found that was very interesting and I wanted to show it here is that if you look at progress and reforms, which we measure by the annual change in the world governments indicators that I had on the previous chart, you can see that for the accession countries, these are the countries that are in now that join the transition countries, the reforms really are at their peak in the three years prior to accession. So that's all very good. Of course what then happens once countries join is that the reforms tend to fall off after that. Okay, now we have a chapter and I think for Africa and others this is perhaps the most interesting one. It's on education and human capital more generally. And what we argue in this chapter is, firstly the importance of education as a driver of growth and as a driver of reforms, but also as a way of keeping people in the country and avoiding this problem of brain drain. And what we argue is that actually if you compare the transition countries and the advanced countries, there's not that much difference, not too dramatic a difference between the quality of education at the primary and secondary level between the two regions. So it's really at the tertiary level that the differences are most marked. And here we have a various measurements of this. The two I'm showing here are the number of science and engineering doctorates just for the population, obviously, for transition versus advanced countries and the number of patents granted. This is World Intellectual Property Organization, which you can barely see in the charts here for the transition countries relative to the advance. The report really emphasises the importance of focusing on third level education. And then I come finally to this point about something that is new for us in the transition portrait about economic inclusion. And here I mean inclusion of opportunity. Now this I think is the most interesting part of my presentation and also of the report, but it takes a little bit of explaining. What we did in this chart is we wanted to measure inequality of opportunity and the way we do this, to simplify a little bit, but the way we do it is as follows. We have a big survey across country of individuals. It's called the Life and Transition Survey and I've spoken about it in this room before. We've carried it out twice, once in 2006 and once in 2010. And we interview about 1,000 people in every country. And from that survey we can get some kind of measure of how wealthy people are. And we measure that by the amount of assets they have. So some people are very asset rich and some people are asset poor. Now what this chart is doing is trying to explain how much of that variation in each country between the rich can be explained by just a few factors that are given to you at birth that you can do nothing about. So whether you were born in an urban or rural area at the level of your father's education, the level of your mother's education and whether one of your parents was a member of the Communist Party. So these are things that you can do nothing about, but it turns out that in some countries, just by running a simple econometric regression, they have a lot of explanatory power for the differences in wealth within a country, particularly in Croatia and particularly in pretty much all the other ex-Ukoslav countries, as well as a few countries further east like Georgia and Tajikistan. That I think is very interesting finding and I think part of the explanation comes from this last chart I will show. In the same survey we asked people what is the most important factor for a success in life? So there's a little menu of options. One is hard work and effort, another is the level of education, another is criminal activities, but there's one option which is political connections. Now what percentage of people in each country said political connections are the most important? Well, in Macedonia, almost half people said that's the most important thing. Then followed by Serbia, 43%, then Croatia, about 42%, Bosnia, about 35%, Kosovo, similar, Montenegro. It's absolutely remarkable, I think. We have Slovakia and then Slovenia, so Slovakia is sort of destroying the perfect symmetry of this character of having all excuse Slovakia dominating, but I think it's a very striking finding that the importance of connections, vese in the local language, in people's perceptions of how to get on in life, and it's a striking illustration of the inequality of opportunity in this region. We know from various, many academic studies, that any quality of opportunity that's hired tends to hold back the country's development. Okay, so just lastly, a few lessons for the accession countries, so those countries that are in the process of trying to give them to the EU are not, and I think the first one is maybe the most important, one about the need for reforms to take place now and not wait until three years before accession. Because we know, even under optimistic scenarios for Serbia or Montenegro, and never mind the others, accession is going to be much more than three years from now. And the other points I think are also, I think, self-evident from the analysis and the need for openness to train investment, the need for a better business environment, the need to address inadequacies in education and inequality of opportunity. And in this region, I think, the need also for greater regional cooperation, because that's where some of the big benefits can come from. Okay, thank you very much.


Everybody forced tier ripping two boxes for Daniel W. Daniel's got a box of 2021 or 2022 excuse me Don Russ racing I don't think there's one 2021 and a 21 22 mosaic Premier League soccer hobby. Yeah. Thanks again, Dan Good luck. We'll start with the racing here No regular vet base ship from the racing Gerrits that is an action-packed Kyle Larson chrome Jeff Gordon and chrome rookie It's high Dylan a 299 got under the lights Martin Truex junior non-numbered on that one Kevin Harvick silver race Kings Deegan and Newman Deegan gray truck series card there McDowell on that one. I don't know what those are called. Those are cool though. Dylan hard jr. Tony Stewart A race Kings cards Ryan Ellis Nice that is a green Riley Herbst to 99 Joey Logano Eric Jones Rusty Wallace elite series Britney Samora on the chrome race Kings Kevin Harvick Harvick again on the race Kings at 299 this time Healy Deegan action-packed Silver tie Gibbs Got Corey Legiois I guess Legiois Kevin Harvick On the under the lights green there Alma Rola on the chrome Ryan Blaney Martin Truex junior blue to 199 Got Kurt Busch Hamlin Derek Dale Jarrett Stefan Parsons mark Martin the gray Harvick on the championship drive like those designs got Kaz Grala Healy Deegan to 299 nice Haley Got to 10 championship drive Brad keselowski number to 10 Bubba Wallace red Holmes Kyle Larson Clint Boyer relic card got gray Harrison Burton Martin Truex junior Kyle Larson Kyle Busch Looks like they're reviewing it Samuel got to 199 Bubba Wallace Got Denny Hamlin Tony Bridinger Bridinger Yeah, I'm not sure what for it might be If you have used like different Payment methods and different addresses and stuff that could have something to do with it Got Alex Bowman on the purple there Jeff Gordon Sam I just someone will get back to you tomorrow 105 William Byron Got to 199 Ryan Blaney And silver Joey Logano And also, I know this isn't your fault, but with Canadian addresses We've just had lots of instances of fraud in the past I think they're just being cautious with it got Bailey Curry under the lights Haley Deegan Daniel Suarez Alex Bowman kind of wish the rookies and stuff were bunched together. They're all over the place in these bags Bowman at 299 Got Kyle Busch Yeah, sorry Samuel got Haley Deegan Bill Elliott So I think it'll probably read tomorrow, I would guess Well, yeah, sorry for the delay man. I think they're just being cautious It's like Dylan Chase Elliott victory laps Kevin Harvick What's up, Chris? Exactly, Tinkle That's names Tinkle It's 199 Tommy Joe Martins This guy's got three first names Uh elite series chase Elliott silver is Daniel Suarez chase Elliott Daniel Hemrick Austin Dylan action packed Kyle Petty Darrell Waltrip Zane Smith to 99 Got chase Elliott Chris Boucher This is Boucher Boucher maybe Mark Sanchez Mark Sanchez. I thought that was a Jets quarterback. Oh Nick Sanchez. I read it completely wrong Nick Sanchez chase Elliott probably his brother Martin Truex Jr. It's not a common last name Yeah, Mark Harry Jones practice Lowsky Never heard that one before Jesse Love to 299 Martin Truex championship drive non-numbered silver is Alex leave lab Laby Now personals are full for tonight This is a Race Day Relic. It is Alex Bowman. Nice tire relic Says race worn slash used. I thought it was a race worn tire. What? Yeah Great ball. It says used though Stewart keselowski Austin Dylan the Danica Patrick retire. I know not a lot about racing Nice signature series is the legend mark martin to 99 Solid one there got taylor gray to 199 Under the lights keselowski to 199 Jimmy Johnson good last few packs here rusting Wallace and that will do it For Donner's racing. Let's get into premier league mosaic Oh, that's nice chris Is mark martin sponsored by viagra. All right, let's see a big auto here. There he is Silver road three mosaic ribbon neves Cavani Personals are full. They're probably over full. They're probably gonna be some left over for tomorrow Nice stained glass. It's malasar Sick one there daniel Heck yeah, man Got red mosaic luke ailing And mosaic jordan pickford Silver yokey manderson rookie mosaic pier lisma luke Montage on their own red mosaic joshua king mosaic tyrick mitchell Pitchmasters michael keen. Yeah, I like the new stained glass a lot and uh And mosaic like the mosaic stained glass. I like a lot Everyone else is like, oh, I don't like it as much when it first came out, but I think it's silver rookie emmanuel denis rookie mosaic frank on yake Did a good job of making it very different from the prism stained glass. This is good friend mosaic ashley westwood mosaic i'll ever skip rookie steve birchvine Um, was it sady omani that is transferred to huventus? Or no, no, it was pogba wasn't I don't know. I think I'm sady omani silver lakongo rookie Got an emerson royal pink mosaic number to 25 My money went to byron. That's right. I was like, I know we transferred Retransfer, that's nuts red mosaic ibrahima diallo rookie Money to buy and pogba to huventus. Okay, say maximum mosaic. I knew they both transferred every charlison i'm trying to pay a lot more attention to uh primarily, but you know european football silver shan longstaff mosaic evin de broyne Trying to anyway pitch master's been white It's a redemption. Come on big name. Come on now. I'm saving it got red thomas soichek Emilio bendia, uh, buen dia, erin one bisaka. Come on now. It is yan benerec premier league auto mosaic Yan benerec There you go, daniel hoping for a bigger name. I don't know what big names are redemption in this though Big names are tough poles and mosaic. We appreciate it Thanks again, uh, had a stained glass had a mark martin auto pretty good couple of boxes We'll get him right out to you


I already recorded this video. It was just about 10 minutes long. And then I realized I never pressed record on my desktop computer. It's recording now. Today is a demonstration video. I'm going to do some advanced things. I'm not going to go into detail. A lot of what I've talked about, I've gone over in previous videos. But this is demonstration to not be afraid. Especially if you have older devices you can mess with. And I highly recommend not doing this with your main device unless you're very comfortable doing it. There's no reason to do what we're going to do. We're going to purposely mess up our device. But if you have older devices just lying around, they are great to mess with. And the more you mess up a device and fix it, the more comfortable you're going to be in modifying your devices. And what we're going to do today is we're going to purposely go into a device, my Android phone here. And we're going to go into twerp, customer recovery, and we are going to mess up the partition so that it won't boot. And then we're going to reinstall the stock ROM. Again, this video is going to be a little different. I'm going to be moving the camera around so you can see everything that's going on. I just flashed the stock ROM back onto my device. So it's like a brand new device. I haven't even logged in yet. Let's have a look at that real quick. So again, I haven't even finished logging into the device. So I'm just going to hold down the power button and then click restart. And while it's restarting on a Motorola device, I'm going to hold down the volume down button until I get into fast boot loader. There we go. I am at the boot loader screen. And so what are we going to do? Well, I am going to take an application. Let me also say it is very, very hard to permanently brick a device. If you know what you're doing, you can soft brick it and it's very easy to fix. So let's look at this. We need something. I'm going to mess with the partition. So I need an application to do this on the desktop. Lots of times you would use something like fdisk. We're not going to have that by default on a system. There's another program called parted. So here you can see up on the screen, I have uploaded a copy of that that I found online. I did not compile it myself to archive.org. There'll be links in the description of this video to all the notes and links where you can get stuff. I already have that downloaded here in my directory. So if I was to file parted, you will see that it is an elf 64 bit for an arm architecture. It is statically linked, meaning it needs no external libraries. And all I need to do is push that to my phone. So first thing I need to do is load up Torp. So I'm going to get a Torp image. I already have a Torp image. Torp is not a command that's probably on your machine. Torp, I have images for each of my Android devices in a folder and my command Torp just lists them for me so I can choose it. My phone here is the Motorola G Power or Power G 2021 is Borneo. So each phone has a codename. It's very annoying how these manufacturers have 10 different phones all with almost exactly the same name, but they all have individual codenames. The way you find out the codename, besides trying to Google it, is when you have ADB installed and you ADB in, the prompt will tell you the name. And again, this is a 2021 phone and it has its codename is Borneo. So I found an unofficial ROM for it, which brings me to another point. Notice when this starts up, look at this, touch screen's not working. I've been using this image for over a year now and I still see in forums online people saying that it doesn't work because the touch screen doesn't work. Well, guess what it does? You just need to wait a little bit. I don't know why the phone boots, if you just wait 20 or 30 seconds, the touch screen will start working, right? Let's see. There you go. It's working now. So I don't know why it takes so long, but it does work. It just takes a little while. Anyway, back to the computer here. Let me ADB in. Make sure ADB is working. And as you can see, the prompt here says Borneo, even when we're in Torp. But even if you're not in Torp, you're just in Android and you go into the shell. It will tell you the code name. So I have to work. So let's go ahead and I'm going to push the parted application to the phone. So I'm going to say push parted, sorry, ADB push parted to, and we'll put that in Espin. Once it's put there, we can now ADB shell into the phone. We will go into Espin and we'll change mod and just give it all permission so it's executed or parted. Probably don't need to do 777, but it doesn't matter. This is a temporary partition because I just booted it. I didn't install it. And now that that's going, that application will work. If we move into dev, and we go to block devices, we can list out our block devices, basically our hard drives here. And my main hard drive is going to be the MMC block zero. And then it has all these partitions, lots of partitions. It has a super partition, which has sub partitions, and then it has AB for each of them. How do you know which one's which? Just out of curiosity. Well, you could just list if we do in the dev block and then by name, you'll see it lists the name for each partition. And if we add the dash L for listing the list or long list, I don't know. It will say, okay, so VB meta A is actually pointing to partition 61. VB meta B is partition 62. My system, meta system A is here. And so you know which one is which. Let's go ahead and use the parted command though. We use parted and we will give it dev block MMC zero. Again, we don't want to go to a partition. We want to go to the full drive. So no partition, no P number. And now that we have that, we can say P free. And it's going to list all the partitions. There's where they're located, how big they are. You want to back up this text. I haven't had to, but it's good to have a copy of it. In case you mess it up more than we're going to mess it up, you can manually fix it if you have all these numbers. Although you shouldn't have to do that because there's images out there to fix it. But it doesn't hurt. It's a little piece of text. Just copy, copy all this and put it in a text file somewhere because you see there's a lot of them because there's a lot of partitions. Let's go ahead and just delete two partitions. Let's delete this VB meta system A and B. Probably just have to delete one of them. But if we do RM 63, RM 64, I can then do Q to get out of parted. And if I was to reboot my device now and go back to my camera view here, you're probably not even going to see this. It's very hard to see. There is red text on the device, which basically says, it says, no valid operating system could be found, device will not boot, blah, blah, blah. That would be very scary if you haven't done this before. So what are we going to do? Well, let's go ahead and hold down power until that screen turns off and hold down the down volume button as well. So power and volume down on a Motorola device. Once it restarts, you can let go of power, keep holding down the down volume. And look, I'm back at fast boot. It's still messed up. It says start there before start was over here and it had a colored background, like it was in a bubble. And I think it had an Android image somewhere. So it's messed up here. But as long as you can get fast boot started, you can fix pretty much any issue. Now fast boot, your boot loader is on a partition somewhere. And if you screw that up, I don't know. But you would have to really be trying to mess that up. So now that we've done that, what we need is an image that we know that works. So you should make sure you have that before you start messing with your device. I have a stock image. So again, for my Motorola device, and I've gone over this in videos past, there's a website called mirrors.lolinet.com. Again, we'll note to all this in the description of this video. And they keep track of firmware for different devices. If I go to firmware here, you can see they have Lenovo, a few other NEC. Let's go ahead and go to Motorola. Again, we know that mine is a Borneo, so I can go down here until I see Borneo. Now, a blank flash, I've talked about that in a previous video. If you really mess up your partitions badly, this will actually fix the partitions. You basically do what we're about to do, but we don't even do that with what I've done. We'll go to official. And depending on where you get your phone, there's different firmware. They keep pretty up to date on it. I got my phone from Google Fi, so we'll go to Fi. And it is currently, when I'm recording this, December of 2022. And you can see just two, three months ago, an update went out and they have it here. It's a zip file. Download and unzip that. I've already done that. I'm in this directory here. And if I cut out flash file.exe, the file. Sometimes you get the stockware image and they have a shell script already set up for you that you can just run. But if not, it will have some sort of text file most likely telling you what partitions are what. So if I cut this out, we can see here that it has a list of all the files and what we're doing. So basically they're all flash. So we're saying this file, GPT bin, flash, where we're going to flash it to partition. The bootloader image is going to be flashed to the bootloader partition. For the most part, the image name is going to be the partition name, but that's not always true. If we look here, we have a partition called Bluetooth, but the file is called BTFM all capital. Again, I'm not going to go into this detail, but basically you're going to use fast boot flash in what partition and the image. I have already taken all the information from this XML file and I have put it into separate commands. So let's clear the screen. I'll paste this here. So here we go. I can just click this and run it and it's going to start flashing all of those images one at a time. Okay. This is going to take probably about five minutes. So I'm going to pause the video and then we'll come back. Okay. It is done. Again, it only took about five minutes or so. There's one more command. If I try to reboot right now, it's probably going to give me an error and then ask if I want to factory reset and I can just click yes. Or before we restart, I think that we can just do fast boot dash w, which will wipe information on there. And then we can do fast boot reboot. And let's go ahead and watch the phone. So far, so good. Getting the message that our boot loader is unlocked, which it has been unlocked for about a year now. Oh, good. We're getting the Motorola screen and hopefully we'll get the little animation here in a moment. And it doesn't just restart. If so, then it will probably bring us back to that fast boot screen where we can say factory reset. But I'm pretty sure our little fast boot dash w will wipe that and do it. It's basically doing a factory reset, wiping all the information off there. But that's pretty much it. I wanted to show you this. Again, you do this a couple of times and you can be fearless with messing with your device. As long as you have your personal files backed up, there you go. We're getting the animation. So we're back to stock ROM, even though we wiped out some of the important partitions. Yeah. That's basically all I wanted to show. I'll let it continue booting here just so you can see it will bring us to the welcome hello screen. But especially if you have an old device lying around, unlock the boot loader if it's a device you can and start messing with it. Go and see what you could do. See how you can mess it up. See how you can fix it. It used to be nerve-racking when I would do this because a lot of times I would break it. And I knew. There we go. Hi there. Okay. I knew that I could fix it, but sometimes I wasn't sure how. And especially if it's your main device, if you don't know how, it's like trying to figure it out. You're like, I need my phone and it hasn't been working for two hours while I've been messing with it. But if you know how to do this, you do it on your extra devices. You can do it on your device. Again, in five minutes, I can always get it up and running. Now, there's a stock ROM, which means once it's booted, it's going to take another 10 minutes for it to go through all the information. Do you want to log into your Google account? Are you sure you don't want to log into your Google account? Clone things over, set up, and the setup takes forever. If you do like Lineage OS, it boots. You click a couple of screens and you're loaded, which is another reason not to use stock ROMs. But to have the stock ROMs, so you can always go back to it in case there's an issue with some other image you're using, that's great. Again, there's links in the description to the notes to where you can download parted. If not, just Google Android parted binary and you should be able to find it. And if not, I bet you could probably go into Turmux. If it's not already installed, install it and then just grab that single binary because I bet it's still statically linked so that it doesn't have to depend on any libraries. That's it. And again, the whole point of this video is just to show you, I have to really try to mess up the partitions and it still was easy to fix. Thanks for watching. Don't fear your device. Only buy devices that allow you to unlock the bootloader and that will help support companies that at least give you a little bit of freedom. I'm not saying that like, I love Motorola. They're the best company ever. But the fact that they let me unlock it is great. And I wouldn't buy, I have one Samsung, we have two Samsung tablets that I bought 12 years ago. I really liked the devices and I was able to unlock the bootloader but through trickery and tricks that people found online because Samsung doesn't allow you to unlock the bootloader and I wouldn't buy a device that doesn't allow you to unlock the bootloader unless it's like almost free and I'm using it as a test device. But my main device definitely needs to be I'll unlock it to customize it. Anyway, filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris with the K. There's a link in the description as always. I hope that you have a great day.


to be here for the second time actually and Well, I'm giving today as everyone can see here on this huge screen A talk about computer aided engineering with Blender and in order well to do computer aided engineering with Blender Well, first of all everybody of us has to know what computer aided engineering is actually and so well actually it's Well industrial engineering with computers and I guess as it's the last talk of the conference We have seen lots of examples of industrial engineering in the conference But well, I still give this talk in order to promote it so what is it so there are of course Computated design applications which are part of engineering. So this is more or less the first step that you do if you want to Create something or create an object in the real world Then there are something that we will talk here is about fluid dynamics applications So if I if I have my my mobile How can I how can I do this kind of calculations and they're also for example finite element calculations and in general? So finite element applications are for example if I want to know well Does an object support the impact onto it does an object will an object survive will building stay in its place? calculations like this and Of course, well, it's in the end. It's all kind of numerical simulations or solving partial differential equations That predict the mechanical properties of objects to be engineered Yeah, and not only to be engineered because well, this is also an engineering problem And in this problem This is an image that I actually rendered for a poster at the scientific presentation So here the question was like What is the weight that you can put on this? women's back until until her vertebrae it will break yeah and Then you find out well actually it depends not only on the vertebrae it and stuff like this But what is the most important stuff is actually the the center of Mars? So where is the center of Mars of all the Mars that is above this vertebrae? Yeah, and this is a typical engineering problem And you can use blender to visualize it And if you put this this visualization onto your poster at the scientific presentations Well, then actually people come to watch this poster So continue what is the state of of computer aided engineering right now? Yeah, and this is the big problem and this is also why I come here is that well There are lots of tools available, but all these tools. They are very expensive They are all closed stores and They are hard to get to get working on So these tools well, they all of course they have names maybe some guys of notice tools and Well, what can we do about it in order to to make this kind of work that they Typically is done with those programs open source and to use an open source pipeline in order to do it So there are open source engines available But there is no not really a modeling program or a cart program available that you can do it and Then some of these open source engines are rather weird So for example, there is a code such one and code after Which is used well by a French government institutions more or less or well almost French government institutions In order to make their calculations for the nuclear power plants and they are open source But the problem is well they use French command syntax So you get an English manual, but then you type in French commands and it's kind of yeah It drives you a bit crazy in your brain, but That's the way it is. Yeah, and then we have some well some visualization tools Which are quite nice, but well you can't really pass trace with them your results So maybe Blender can help us in here. Yeah So Now right now that we know what CAE is and which programs are used in the in the general field What is the typical pipeline? So how do you do it? Yeah, if I want to do a fluid simulation Or if I want to do a finite element simulation, what am I going to do? So first of all, I need a geometric model of my Of what I want to simulate. Yeah, and the geometric model in most of the cases Well, it's just a surface. So it's an STL file that I can create with blender. Yeah Then you have to create a mesh So actually this mesh is not the blender mesh. Yeah, so for forget for a moment blender mesh So it's actually how do I partition the object? Yeah, that I investigate in order to solve my equations on it And so in the normal way, so you use something like hexahedrons or tetrahedrons and you have them small little boxes inside your object and Well, then you have to define it seems something like boundary conditions. So where is my object held in place? What is the wind speed stuff like this and then you simulate? Yeah, and then at the end when you have the simulation then you have lots of data and then you don't know. Well, what does my simulation actually tell me and Well, the stuff how to do this then is well, you want to visualize it and you want to render it and Then you interpret your results and hopefully you have the right interpretation of the simulation that we have And so right now the question is where comes blender in to all this kind of stuff well Blender can be used to create a geometric model and Blender can of course be used in order to extract visualize and render all these kinds of stuff Well, there is also some physical stuff inside blender, but in this case we just well We want to use blender in order to use these open source engines So we do the geometric modeling and the visualization in this talk But maybe in the future well some guys are like programming Python interfaces to this kind of stuff And then you do all in Blender. So this this is like the optimal wall And why are we want do we want to do this? Well, there is of course a need for an intuitive open source Computated engineering platform, which at the moment doesn't exist And they really stress this because the problem is Well, I was hired from a last job in order to write the finite element code for for a lab And it was cheaper for them than buying the closed source software in order to hire me and to write the code for them for the Small brick that they wanted to have. Yeah so the experiment What do we want to do? So we want to have an open source pipeline. So we tried to do it there. So can we make and? Computated engineering using only open source tools does it work? So we use blender to build the geometric model then we use open source matching tools Then we use an open source software, which is called open form in order to run the simulation And then we use some kind of Python code in order to get everything back into Blender And then we do some rendering and then we will watch our results So Building the geometric model in general if you wanted to computer aided engineering Well, you do the same thing as in for 3d printing you want to have whole models which are physically correct So you can't just put a surface somewhere and hope that this will work So you have to have a volume which is closed and which is manifold And then when once you have this volume well you export in this case Your object to STL you verify your model baby by by a re-importing it and one thing Which is also important if you do of course engineering is that you get your units, right? And so you should be making sure that in all these files So we're into whatever you export it and into whatever you import it that you use the same Unit because it's not obvious because most of these files don't store the units actually in them So you don't really know If the STL file is right now in millimeters or in centimeters or yeah, so yeah So we started out so this year is in Blender So we create this model here and we try to make a simulation with this model So we once we have this model where we have to build a mesh And so well, yeah the type of mesh that you need well will depend on the problem So in this case, it's fluid dynamic simulation. So we will use some kind of hexahedral mesh it's very very simple problem actually and In this case we showed that we can use these open source tools So that we can use open-form block mesh and snappy hex mesh in order to do this and what does this look like? So This year is actually the STL surface that we have created in Blender Yeah, so this house that we have just seen before and this here is the mesh There are little boxes that are around this object Yeah, and right now you know why actually the same principles as in 3d printing apply because otherwise your boxes will be in There and then your single not work anymore. Yeah So this is what I talked before the initial conditions so the initial conditions well We have a quite windy night. It's blowing with 80 kilometers per hour And I want to see what happens with this house. Yeah, and Well on the end so actually The way this is set up this is actually a tunnel Yeah, so the roof so the top of the tunnel is very high above the roof notice shown in here in this representation so that actually the The impact of the roof doesn't doesn't fall into the simulation and on the end of the tunnel Well, you say you have a constant pressure and what this does is actually that when the wind comes from this side that it sucks out The air on the other side. Yeah Yeah, this is basically recaptured what I just told you so we have Conson yeah constant velocity and input and stuff like this and then of course you also have to define what kind of simulation model I use so Simple k epsilon model, I don't want to go into details here So actually it's the differential equations that I want to solve on this grid. Yeah, so To stay with this. Yeah, and once we have this simulation Well, then we obtain a VTK file Which is basically so we have all these little boxes and we have a value in this box So in this box so we know what is the wind speed in this box for example And the question is then how do we get this back into blender? So in this case well, I wrote some fightin glue code in order to create streamlines and Well, I was very proud of this because actually the stuff what happened is I get I got this right so that I generate Automatically the key frames there in order so that the that the stream line actually moves with the correct speed in In this box so so that you not only see the line how the air moves But that you also see it with the correct speed how it moves and Well, this is this is what the result looks like Yeah, so this is actually so these are this is the building that we had and these are the streamlines around around the building So this is one one of the things that you can do with this Then you can for example if you want to have volumetric properties So you can use your mesh you can create image slices and you can show Well results volumetric results. Yeah, for example What is the I don't know the the air temperature? At the at an object and this for example this year was a simulation where you have got the tube And there is air with a very high velocity flowing through this tube And you have an obstacle in this tube and so you see here where how where the air actually is getting hot So this is done using using cycles volume rendering. Yeah, okay, then you have like Well surface properties well, it's the same stuff. So where you actually you get you take an image So you create an image from your mesh and then you UV map the image onto your blender mesh Yeah, and here it gets a bit complicated. So just to tell you Well, if you want to do this in python, maybe maybe it has it has improved a bit But if you take for example the the cylinder primitive in blender, yeah Well, your face is zero to 29 which go into one direction Yeah, and on all of a sudden you have faces 31 and 32. Yeah, which are not really in order because between them You have the top face. Yeah, which go into the other direction. Yeah And if you want to UV map onto that and your UV map you say, okay My python code is correct and what happens so you don't know why why on these two surfaces I don't get what I actually expect from my simulation and actually You find out that it's all mixed up. So I don't know who created these primitives But if it would be if the developers here if if it could be arranged in a logic way, it would be would be very nice Okay, so this is for example a rendering that comes from this so this was a test rendering that that I sent to a client one day and Here actually so there were some pipes there and the question was actually well Will these pipes break or won't they break and So actually they gave me the fluid dynamic simulations And I gave them this rendering and they wanted to make some commercial movie out of this and Here you see that well actually in this section where these pipes are cool That you have some thermal stress so that the thermal gradient is Rather high because you have different different colors on them. Yeah So this is done this way and then we come to the to the results of of so to some movies Yeah, I will go back to my computer to start the movies because using Google Yeah, I will just close it actually Or just put it back here So this is a result of this so here you see these streamlines flowing around the object Okay, this doesn't work here, but I guess it will come up with the next one automatically. Yeah So this is from the front and we got it from the side another time And then we cut the force movie where we have these projections of UV maps and where we also have a sample of this volumetric rendering So here you got it from the side and this here might be the most interesting So here you have some kind of flames that are some hot air Which is injected into this into this chamber if you want to and you have these rods which are cooled at the end And so you see at the end here Well, they're still I guess this uv bug that we had before when I look at this final Try it, but you see actually the gradient on the on the temperature gradient on the on the pipes Back to the presentation Okay, so This basically was the talk here, but I just want to point out. Well, you can do all these things Yeah, this is completely done in open-source software. Yeah, it's not really rocket science either So if you if you want to do it there are manuals for this and it's not I guess it should be accessible to most of the people that are here Well, you can get all the glue code in order to render these these streamlines and in order to export these These images from the VTK files that you can UV map onto your buddies and stuff like this on on Github You can get the slides and all this stuff on my Google Drive and Well, this is the open-source software that was used for for this talk While for what we have presented here actually well paraview is completely obsolete. Yeah, so paraview was just used as a site Visualization tool if it actually works if you get the real results if the streamlines are correct and stuff like this Then I say thanks to to kind of computing because well Some of the stuff was when I was employed there. I wrote some of this stuff here And to the to the George Sharp back Institute of biomechanics where Well, where I made the rendering that you have seen before for the for the person which was standing there Okay


Welcome back to Drinks Made Easy. Today, we're taking a look at two versions of the white Russian. Now, you might be thinking yourself, Paul, there really only is one version. The dude has it in the Big Lebowski, and you'd be right in that that is the original version created in 1949 by Gustav Topps in Brussels, Belgium. I know. I didn't realize it was that old either. However, there is a second version that became really popular with the reemergence of the craft cocktail movement in the 2000s-ish, where they started layering it because let's be honest, the white Russian doesn't really look that sexy when it's all mixed up. However, when you layer it, it looks sophisticated as f**k. Before we get into the cocktail, if you haven't already, be sure to like, subscribe, and click on the bell icon so you'll be notified every time we release a new video. And without further ado, our white Russians. Building your standard white Russian is basically about as simple as it can get. Just adding two ounces of vodka, one ounce of coffee liqueur, in this case, Kaleua, which is the most common, and right now you actually have a black Russian. Adding one ounce of heavy cream to it, you now have a white Russian. You can either leave it layered like this, not really layered, or as most people do, give it a quick stir. Hey, voila, you have a white Russian. One even the dude would be proud of. Now to build the layered white Russian, we'll, same way, start with two ounces of vodka, one ounce of coffee liqueur, capped it off into a shaker full of ice, giving it a quick shake, pour that into the glass of your choice. Now we're going to layer on a little bit of heavy whipping cream that's been lightly whipped. I find using a squeeze bottle helps a lot. The main thing is you're going to want to make sure that you haven't whipped it so much that it's turned into cool whip. Otherwise, you're going to have just mounds of whipped cream, as opposed to a nice layer. And there we have the layered white Russian. It's great.  Now why? Because it's all the same ingredients, but I feel like you taste the coffee liqueur a good bit more than when the cream's already integrated. So you have kind of more of an overall arc of flavor. If that makes sense, you try it. Let us know what you think. Cheers from Drinks Made Easy.


So hello everybody. My name is Andre da Silva. I'm like David said I'm the new extension vegetable specialist and I'm happy to welcome you guys in our vegetable school 2022. Like Dave said we wish we could be like meeting with you guys in person but what just happened with the current COVID situation may have made it this in a zoom. However we are planning some series of variety trials for vegetable crops around the States. Following those variety trials we're going to have our few days that we're preparing. We're going to be schedule with each of A&R from AACs. So you guys going to be able to come and see our crops in the field. This way you can make questions as you have it on time. If you see a problem that you have in your farm you can ask us at that time and if we don't know the answer we're going to for sure looking for an answer for you and send it in a near future. But today we're going to start talking about tomato crop management and variety selection. Later on Dr. A will be talking about an IPM for tomatoes and I want to start about let you guys know what is currently available in the market for you guys as far as variety. So and what is the importance of choosing a proper variety. When you go looking for a variety if you are a home garden or if you have a small acreage your goal usually in a John seeds or seed way or those online stores that we have available.  But why is important for us to conduct this variety and what do you guys can get from those varieties is because when we as a university as an extension system conduct those varieties trials we are comparing all those seeds available. Usually those companies do variety trials with collaboration with growers or in their research facilities. However they want to sell their products. We know we want to give you guys the right information that can increase your potential yield. When we select the proper variety this is the first step of an IPM program. Then we're going to also provide you information with specific markets that you guys are targeted. By the end we want to increase your revenue. So that's the main reason why we conduct all those variety trials around the state because we want to provide our growers the most updated information on what can increase their revenue. So keep that in mind when we are talking about variety selection. So this year what we're going to be talking about variety are from four different companies that we have collaborated with. Those and the varieties that they have been available in the market. Basically what I did is I select the best variety we have seen in the market and we ask it for those companies to share seeds with us. So this way we could compare among them. So we have five varieties from Bijou, Emelou, Rizulut, Fonsemini, the 7631, 0466, Merchu, the 2210, and the 4676. Readybound is a very well-known variety and then the Swain, Sunfresh, and Skyway. So that's the varieties that we compared in the past and that's the result that we're going to show. I will not be talking about anything on research but what those varieties can provide you a better yield. So like I said in the beginning the first step of a cultivar selection is it can provide you one. It's the first step of an IPM, an integrated pest management. So when you are selecting your varieties see the disease package. You can enter in their website and find what is the disease pack that they have. For tomato in this case what we have the most problems here is the tomato spotted wilt virus and the tomato those are more common all around the state while the tomato yellow leaf curlo virus is more located in the south portion of the state. So look for those ones. You also might have some fusarium wilt and some other problems but once you are selecting your variety look what is the package the disease packet that that variety has. This way it's going to help you guys during your IPM program. Following that we can start talking about their yields. So in this graph we have the total yield for each of those varieties that I just mentioned that we are we were evaluated and this year is in box or pounds per acres. As you can see we have the total yield for them as we go over this talk we're going to be talking about the size distribution first harvest and I'm going to write a little bit on for you to select your market that you want but the total yield among those varieties were first achieved by Mertu, Reddybound, Emelo, Loretta, 7631, 466, Skyway and and those are the top varieties for total yield that we found that we found. Well one particular thing over the this trial that we noticed is that the variety Mertu had a high tolerance to bacterial response. So if you are in an area where you have a bacterial spot as a problem Mertu can be one very good. Another one that we found an interesting curiosity is that Emelo and Mountain Gin they have constant yields across different locations. I have talked with some guys in Florida and some guys in Florida who also conducted variety trials and they found the same consistent yields and vigorous plants across locations. So those can also be an option for you.  However if you are a grower that is looking for a particular target market that is your first harvest we have different response. In this case our variety Mertu those in red in this graph you represent the yield of first harvest so Mertu 7631, 0466, 45, 76 and the last three 3275, 2310, Resolute and Sunfresh are the varieties that you are looking for.  Those varieties in red here those grab hard in red or here in red represent the variety that you should pick. It was followed by the first harvest by the ones in gray and then the last one was Skyway our variety who yield the most in the end of the season. So this is the kind of strategy that you must have when you are planting selecting your cultivar disease and when are you harvesting that? Are you competing against like your neighbor? Are you competing against other states market? So pay attention on what you want. I like also to see how was the fruit size what is the size distribution you're getting like a very big breakfast tomato or you want to like smaller tomatoes so you can like back in more or you can have sell it in a fresh market. So I also made a distribution of the size of our tomato. So here we are again with our total yield but now in proportions of X large, large and medium tomatoes. So this way you know what you are looking for and as you can see the variety myrtle which was our top variety was very similar to our sun fresh which was our variety that had the lowest total yield but was similar for X large so they both can be selected for our X large. So let's say if you sell your produce your tomatoes in a fresh market what do you gonna do? See when you want to harvest it select a variety that's gonna harvest early or late and then see what is the size you are looking. If you're looking more for selling it on for a restaurant that they usually goes so you're gonna check on our reports which is the variety that performed the better and the same thing for medium tomato. Medium tomatoes are usually preferred for processing for the processing industry so you can usually select a variety who produce a better medium tomato. So keep that in mind when you are selecting. So like I said myrtle was very good yield total yield but that yield was not different for X large tomato as sun fresh which was our lowest. On the other hand sun fresh was better than M low but total yield was larger. So those are the kind of information I would like for you guys to keep in mind when selecting a tomato variety and use this information all that we I mentioned here will be in a report in the ACES website on the commercial hard food routine so you guys gonna have this available for you. One particular thing that I would like to talk with you guys is still on the tomato food of our selection is that I got some information with people from Florida from it so it's a different variety trial than the one that I mentioned this was conducted in Florida is about about two responses very that is a main disease that we're gonna have in the state and they did a trial there where they evaluate what is the impact of bacteria spot on the vigor of the plant. So they gave you score from zero to a hundred for the bacteria spot and from zero to ten for the vigor of the plant. As you can see here the variety myrtle resolute mountain gem and M low that were in our variety trial they have different performance on the bacteria spot myrtle showed a good resistance to bacteria spot while M low had a higher score for the for the bacteria spot. However M low even with a higher score on bacterial spot rating it have a higher vigor 8.7 when compared to 7.7 of myrtle so it shows that it also has some tolerance to the bacteria spot so plants is too health and you can produce. So this is another thing that I'm going to make it available for you guys and you need to keep in mind so mountain gem mountain gem and myrtle are some of the varieties that we are recommending as an extension specialist I would recommend for our growers because they have seen constant yield, constant resistance to bacterial spot over the years that we have been investigating variety trials. Even if they have got some bacterial spot it doesn't say that they are resistant they are tolerant but they have been with a good vigor and they can probably help you guys to achieve your potential yield. So switching a little bit gears from Kultivar now that you guys have all these informations you guys going to be able to select what is the Kultivar you guys you can select you want to select for your for this year's season I just want to talk a little bit about planting dates. Planting dates is another factor that's going to be important for you guys when when determined when doing a tomato production. You want to select planting dates where temperatures are fine and high so during the spring you can grow in north alabama between april 15 you should be planting between april 15 and june 15 on the other hand in south alabama you need to anticipate your planting date march 1st to april 30 is the ideal planting dates. During the fall you can also plant tomato most of people that we have been talking they just grow it during the summer when it's hot so remember you don't want to have very high temperatures that's going to just stress your plant you want to maintain it between 55 and 85 fighting height so why not optimize your year have two growing seasons so you can grow it during the spring and now during the fall so in the fall if you want to plant tomato north alabama i would recommend from july 1st to august 1 on south alabama july 15 to august 15 you don't want to delay much your planting date because you're going to get colder conditions and that's going to abort your uh your your fruits so those are optimus but also i will remember avoid planting uh your planting date when you're flowering and you're fruiting will be during the summer because you're going to have problems with semi scouting if you plant it too late during the spring or too early during the fall and you get high temperatures you're going to have problems with semi scouting which is a disorder causing that is a consequence of a low biomass accumulation so you don't you will not have a good foliage your fruits will be exposure and then you're going to have semi scouting i'm going to talk about it a little bit later once you determine your planting date in spring or fall if you're in the north portion or in the south portion of the state we can start talking about fertilizer fertilizer is the second is the third step so go to our selection determine your planting date now how are you going to feed your plants and that's our fertilizer so the first step of a proper fertilization is you should conduct a soil sample do a soil sample in your area it's not costly and it will give you an overview of what's going on in your area once you conduct your soil sample it will tell you how much fertilizer to apply and usually it varies in three main nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and pk nitrogen for tomato usually varies from 130 to 210 pounds of nitrogen per acre usually nitrogen is the most mobile nutrient in the soil that easily leach so most of the times you're going to be applying about 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre phosphorus is less mobile than it but still you need some phosphorus being applied so it's going to range about 100 200 pounds of p205 per acre and potash is a good nutrient that is required most in the beginning and in the end of the season about 240 pounds of k20 per acre but how to do that application that application should not be in a single application early in the season it should be spread along of the growing season so first you're going to apply about 20 to 30 percent of your fertilizer at pre planting when you are preparing your bed so you are just giving a good nutrient for the plants early in the season to induce root development most of your phosphorus will be applied early in the season phosphorus is the nutrient that induce root growth so your plants will be health early in the season nitrogen is still needed potash is still needed but not as high as phosphorus so most of your phosphorus is applied early in the season while nitrogen and potash are applied more later in the season the other 8 to 20 percent of your fertilizer should be applied during weekly application if you have the ability to do liquid fertilizer usually drip tape or when you have a drip tape system for irrigation or you can do two or three more applications of a granular fertilizer some examples of most common fertilizers are 10 10 10 5 10 15 and the 3400 for a granular fertilizer so you're going to apply most of your phosphorus like I said early in the season so you can do 10 10 10 for 20 percent or 30 or 3400 later in the season if you have a liquid fertilizer I strong the ability to apply liquid fertilizer I strongly recommend you to do weekly applications of about 10 to 15 pounds of not of nitrogen per acre you're going to always be basing your fertilizer on your nitrogen and you can apply like 707 408 or 909 with 11 percent of counsel those are the most common fertilizer for tomato productions and actually they have been shown the best success for achieve higher use on tomato production and I'm going to give you guys some example why you should apply those fertilizer and properly apply fertilizer in particular liquid fertilizer because we can do the study on blossom and rod which is caused by an insufficient calcium in the tissue it's induced by growth a faster growth rate high humidity irrigation stress excess of ammonium which is a nitrogen sore nitrogen fertilizer excess of potassium as well and lack of calcium so if you do a proper fertilization you can minimize this problem because also by the ratio of calcium and nitrogen if you have too much nitrogen and low calcium in your soil your plants will be focused on the nitrogen will lack calcium and will cause the blossom and rot which is this rotting part in the blossom end of your fruit commonly seen in tomatoes and bell peppers which are solanaceous crops so we did a trial where we investigate two fertilizer strategies 707 and 408 rotated with CN9 those are liquid fertilizers they were applied in different rates 107 200 and even 225 pounds of nitrogen per acre remember the the recommendation is up to 210 but it doesn't mean that you cannot apply more if you have rainfall leaving leaching so we evaluate two different total nitrogen applied and we applied weekly 15 17.5 on this case almost 18 and 20 pounds of nitrogen per acre per week so those are the rates that of liquid fertilizer that we use in 707 408 with and rotate 408 with CN9 weekly so one weekly 408 another weekly CN9 one week 408 another week CN9 and then 707 every week our results this was conducted in 2016 and 2017 and this is the percentage of blossom and rot that we got from our nitrogen rates our level of nitrogen 175 225 pounds the black bar here represents our strategy of rotating 408 NPK with CN9 which is the calcium nitrate 900 the red one rip the red one represent our 707 in a dry year and in a regular year as you can see in a dry year when we don't have rainfall events we're going to have problems with blossom and rot more than in 2017 when we have a wet year more regular rainfall events it was even distribution it's even distributed why because rainfall induced nitrogen leaching when it's induced nitrogen leaching you evenly the nitrogen content in the soil with the calcium but when you don't have that that rainfall leaching nitrogen you apply too much nitrogen as higher is your nitrogen rate the higher will be the incidence of blossom and rot so keep that in mind you don't want to increase too much or nitrogen because you might going to have those problems with blossom and rot we have seen growers saying oh i apply 250 200 pounds of nitrogen so this way if i have a problem i have enough nutrients for the plant and what's happening is they're spending money with excess of nutrients fertilizer and they're inducing lower quality yield because you're going to have problems with blossom and rot so keep that in mind so here as you can see uh in the dry year as we increase the nitrogen rates we increase the incidence of blossom and rot but the same was not seen with the 707 why because they were always having blossom and rot per weight rotating weekly with c9 with the calcium nitrate nine percent nitrogen zero phosphorus zero potash and 11 percent of calcium was better or reduced the blossom and rot when compared to 707 actually in a dry year our calcium content in the plant tissue was 1.2 while in our calcium content in the plant tissue in a regular wet year was 2.1 so you can see that the calcium increase the lower calcium in the plant tissue increased the blossom and rot while it was not in 2017 when we had a higher calcium content in the plant tissue another fact that we saw is that the 707 in 2016 had no impact in the blossom and rot but this 408 rotated with calcium nitrate reduced block rent while this was not seen in the in the wet year and finally lower nitrogen rates which i just said they also reduce the incidence of blossom and rot when the strategy of rotating was used for fertilizer management so keep that in mind that those strategies oops i'm sorry sir can help you guys to reduce those problems caused by incorrect fertilization and is an option for you guys for you guys 408 707 and calcium nitrate are the most common fertilizer and they are currently available for you guys switching gears from fertilizer to irrigation i should say that they are linked in a way that won't affect the other remember i'm saying that nitrogen is the most mobile nutrient in the soil so if you irrigate too much you're going to move nitrogen to deeper levels of the soil and you're going to have a problem with nitrogen so keep in mind that an irrigation management management is very important for your tomato yard or for your tomato field actually if you i put this sentence here because i know that some of our growers does not irrigate it but i was like just doing quick a quick research on what's happened if you don't irrigate because usually we just have irrigated tomato if you don't irrigate it your yields can be reduced by 60 percent irrigation is essential to produce consistent yields of high quality tomatoes you can increase your yields by 60 percent so if you have put a tomato in the field and don't irrigate don't expect you have high yields you can do you can have two systems drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation i strongly recommend if you have to install one do a drip irrigation drip irrigation is much more accurate you're going to be applying water for your root system and you're just going to induce more disease as you wet your leaves you create vulnerable conditions for those leaves to accept disease to get into the plant system so you're going to have problems so i strongly recommend drip however you have the option for sprinkler and what you need to do is properly manage your water application what i mean is your irrigation is scheduled i put the systematic irrigation scheduling type here which is the application of the same volume of water every day but i'm not a big fan of that because you are not accounting sometimes for your rainfall events or you are just applying water as you think it's the best one however this is what most of growers do and what i would recommend is in the early stages of the crop development like after transplanting you should apply about 0.5 inch or a half an inch of water per day however when you have fruiting or you are at maturation you should be already applying about 1.5 inch per day and this is how much water the plants should be receiving and not how much is the efficiency of your system okay another better strategy that i should mention here is that you can irrigate based on your crop water demand and your soil moisture sensors i will not get in depth on this particular topic because we have a whole training on how to properly uh schedule irrigation events but those are you guys so if you have any questions in the future just let me know and we can go in depth on how to use the crop water demand and soil moisture sensors for tomato production what i would like to show you here is that under irrigation your your volume of water would vary from a half an inch to an inch and a half per day finally what i would like to show is if you don't if you start to see some symptoms like those ones that are most common on tomatoes our tomato disorder this is usually related by planting date fertilization or water demand so blossom and rot we have already talked that is the calcium deficient in your plant tissue and it's a rotting in the blossom end of your fruit another problem that is very common is sunnys count we also talk about that when you select the proper planting date and you do a good fertility management you're going to have a good coverage of your plant and and your uh your good canopy closure and then your fruit will not be exposure for the sun however if the fruit is exposure to the sun you're going to see this whiteing part in the stem end of your fruit so that's a very common problem and here one thing that it's also shown in this photo is these straight lines on our tomato here it's because this is caused by except a exposure lower biomass accumulation and an exposure of the fruit to the sun fruit cracking is something that most of our growers see and it's a very common this is usually caused by a wrapped growth of our fruits at rainfall events what's happened is we have rainfall events our roots are upticking water but there is no nutrient available for them so they will just uptake water without nutrients in this way they're going to expand their tissue and it's going to crack because there is no nutrient to fill the cells of your fruit when it's needed so fruit cracking cracking when you see those cracking here it's because of rainfall events there is nothing we can do it's something related to the weather and unfortunately it's some problem that we we can as extension specialists we cannot like or as a farmer as a consultant we cannot like treat it it's going to happen if you have a very frequent rainfall events another problem I didn't put a photo here is the blossom drop when you see your tomato flower is dropping down it's probably because of high temperature so like I said selecting a proper planting date it's ideal so you can avoid avoid the abortion of your your flowers and later but not not if you grow tomato for a while you probably have seen those white tissue inside your fruits I think that this picture is not represented pretty well but those who had that problem have seen you usually have a hollow tomato with a white tissue there and that's caused by potassium deficiency so potassium is higher it's more recommended than nitrogen but nitrogen will impact your fruit yield while potassium will impact the quality of your food that's why we recommend from 200 to 400 pounds of nitrogen for tomato but it's still do a soil sample analysis and those are the most common problems that we probably will be seeing in this coming in this coming season you you have seen that weather variability is a problem we have been having like warmer years cold years and the exposure to the rainfall events will be impact your production so selecting your cultivar conducting a proper planting date selecting a good strategy for fertilization and properly irrigate your crop will definitely minimize those common disorders that we have for tomatoes will increase your yield will save in fertilizer and will finally increase your profits so with that I would like to conclude my talk and if you have as part of the commercial horticultural team our vegetable crop program is here to help you guys


hey guys shea bear 1000 here today i'm just doing a little vlogging it's like 419 right now and i'm just getting around to do some filming uh i've been busy getting stuff gathered up camera equipment whatnot because i'm bringing a lot of camera stuff so i'll show you some of the important stuff we got out here of course this is not everything but this is just some of the stuff i may need or will need so check this out all right so first we've got we're gonna be bringing an inverter i have two three more i might bring another one but we're gonna be bringing uh an inverter now i know she's been wanting these if you guys remember i did a review on these these bushnell binoculars i did a review on them uh i had this for sale for five bucks was it five bucks yeah for five bucks and a guy friend of mine ryan he said wow that'll fit i got these nice little binoculars these are taskos he said uh mind if i see if it'll fit in there i said no go right ahead and he checked and he fit in that case perfectly so he bought the case off of me and oh i don't know a few months later seeing clip it on your belt a few months later he said hey went to binoculars i never used them i said yes so he gave them to me so i don't know which one she's gonna want to bring if she wants to bring this one or this one so whichever one she wants to bring for when we're on the boat we've got our tackle box there's a lot of stuff in there uh it's supposed to bring so i've got some of this you know these wet fire stuff i got these knives hopefully we'll be able to try them out do a review on them those are umbrellas for our chairs and we've got a couple flashlights here this thing's badass man what do you guys see us after dork this thing is bright and shine's a good way it's only one led crazy we've got we've got a selfie stick in here i've got this i made this for monkey out of a tripod and the bottom feet here will extend out so she can you know set it down on something i made this so i guess it's just a unipod this has got our ghost meter thing in it you never know right this is the tripod that we made for the light this is another tripod this tripod is a new one i bought for monkey it's the same brand as my mic up here so this is cool it's got a handle on it she likes it because she can hold the handle it's got its own little bag here's the tripod that i use for the camera i'm using right now let's see i also have another little tripod here this extends out and is as big as that one once it's extended it's a chrome one i did a review on that i do believe this has got this has got all like it's got the battery chargers it's got extra batteries the ir eliminator yes all that kind of stuff all my extra lenses for the camera for this camera voice recorder's got all kinds of stuff in it this has three more cameras in it it's got an old night vision sony uh takes the disk it's got the jvc the newer camera and it's got our gopro in there and so we're good to go there i like this thing we went to ikea when i spent a couple years ago and uh was looking for a range hood and uh we saw these they were 20 bucks and she said you should get one put your camera stuff in you can carry it this way or the handle pulls out it's got wheels on it i almost didn't get it she was like no get one i said all right i use that thing a lot especially when we're going places this is her new cup i got this this is not paracord okay this is just it's cordage um just a little rope i got three of these these you can buy at the dollar tree for a dollar i mean what the hell we're going camping you may need them of course monkey's uh camera that i gave her i've got her her charger in there i've got her two extra memory cards i've got her two extra batteries so she's got three batteries three memory cards this is the light that i let her use she doesn't need a lot but so we're going to be bringing this so we've got plenty of lights plus our you know lights on our our flashlights on our phone so there's that i'll show you what we're doing outside um this is all yard stuff stuff here guys well except for i'm only bringing the two fishing poles or two chairs there's our tent yeah this all this stuff here yard cell stuff flea market stuff whatever you want to call it i've got okay we've got this cooler we have another one in the garage um this thing works off your battery needs cleaned up um this works great i left it plugged in for a couple days with a pop in it and it froze it so we've got our extra can of gas which is not going to be in the boat of course we'll take it out and put it on the truck but it's in here for now got my funnel that tank is full this tank is the one we put four gallons in and up here i've got the main battery charged for the lights and up here is our second battery it's a little one it's charging it should be just about charged yes it's very close about 90 charged i'll go ahead and flip it on two amp trickle um see i gotta put weight up here because if when i have it because see when we park it you know i raise the front end up so in case any water gets in it can roll to the back and run out this tire is still holding air as you can see though it's a dry crack but it'll be good enough for a spare um so when she gets done with her running today um i'll back the truck in and we'll hook up that way when we leave because we're heading that way when we leave in the morning we're gonna have everything packed tonight and ready to go all we gotta do is get in the truck and head on out so that's what i'm doing so i got our jackets in here i was using that earlier i'm gonna be bringing this this grill it's the same one as this but we'll bring this one this one that one's never been used uh buddy of mine dropped that off um we're gonna uh i don't know i don't even know if it runs we're gonna check it out and everything uh we'll get it running and and sell it there's our menna bucket i don't know if we're gonna be using menna's um but i will be bringing that and possibly that i don't think we'll need that because we each have a life vest burners got one and that she can use as a cushion or it's also a floatation device so that's what i'm doing we're getting closer to being ready uh she messaged me a little bit going said she had two more patients and then she'll be um on her way home well and then she's got to go to the store and get the food that we need and then she'll be on her way home i'm gonna make sure these tires have enough air they look low but i don't think they are but i'll check them later on and i think we're pretty much ready to go you guys remember Eli when he was a baby that's him now yeah that's a little Eli need some water cool so that's what we got going on so i'm pretty much ready you know and then like i said i'll i'll go ahead and put the cover back on it and um we'll be ready to go hopefully i mean we still gotta pack our clothes load the truck and you know um pack the coolers and get them ice down i think they'll be all right overnight um that way we don't have to do it first thing in the morning so but i may just put everything we're going to be taking into the fridge that's in the garage and then all i gotta do is just throw the food in there i think this one's gonna be i'm not sure yet i think this one's gonna be for the drinks you know or pop and whatnot and i think she's gonna bring some water probably and we'll bring some beers and then and but the the cooler that's in the garage and glad i didn't cut it up yet it's it's an old meat cooler that the guys in the trucks used to sell meat out of what is it homo hall is that is that the name of it but it's a big cooler i'll probably put the food in that because i had one in Ohio and i'll tell you what that thing all weekend long four days of camping and and i'll tell you what there's still be ice in it on the fourth day so all right i'll be back with you guys in a second i'm gonna double check a few things and then once we load the truck is when i'll start checking off the list of everything but i'm gonna go through my list and see see if i'm forgetting anything so i'll be back with you guys okay okay guys as you can see Bruno's getting excited that's about all i got for you today just some simple stuff you know it like i said it's mostly camera gear i film a lot when i'm out there also got the the panoramic head you know for the did you put a tripod head that um that'll go back and forth and you know the film we'll get some footage for for you that i don't have a drone my drone quit working a while back so i won't be able to get any drone footage for you sorry about that but anyway so uh monkey's got one more patient it is now 558 and then she's got to go to the store and then she'll be home so i'm about whipped for today so i'm gonna get off here and let you guys go remember uh if you don't see a live stream don't don't be alarmed but i'll have something up for you on monday i'm sure so anyway you guys have a great weekend stay safe she bears met the man alleged i'm gone for now and bruno he is out for now we'll see you guys soon bye bye and take care