Fawr iawn i chi. Fawr iawn i'w gweithio ar gyfer ystyrcasu hwn. Mae gennym ni'n gweithio ei hynny oherwydd yn rhoi'r youth-geffir whelys ystyrcasu hwn. Felly, yn cael ei gael y cyfnodraethio a chyrgyn goingswag erioedr iawn, ac mae'n ddifen nhw'n i'n gweithio i uned ysgorensiad gennyn am ffraithio francesgol i'n gweithio ar gyfer ysgorensiad eraill. Felly, roi'n gweithio i ysgorensiad paddwydau Llywodraeth i Llywodraeth ac Secretary of the World Heritage Convention and, since 2010, he has served as Assistant Director General of UNESCO for Culture. Professor Francesco Vandarena, thank you. Presiding Officer, honourable ministers, dear colleagues and friends who like first of all to express our thanks, the thanks of UNESCO to the summit for inviting us. It is really a pleasure and a honour to be with you today to exchange opinions and experiences on what we think is a critical element of our lives and our societies. That is to say the role of culture in all its manifestations and forms in the development of societies. I'd like also to thank Jonathan, an old friend for extending this invitation to us. As I had the task of somehow opening up this system of plenaries and round tables, please allow me to put on the table two elements, two elements for discussion, which we think are at the moment the ones that should attract the interest and the concern of the public opinion and the international community. These two items may seem a bit different, but in our view they are convergent and definitely they have to be considered and worked together. The first one is the policy that UNESCO, but many other member states and many other public and private bodies are developing and are supporting in the past decades I would say, but with an acceleration in recent time to place culture at the core of international development. I will elaborate a little bit and I hope that during the rest of the plenary and during the discussion we will be able to exchange further on this issue. The second item is the issue of protection of heritage in areas of conflict. As you know, an area of concern of our organization, but I would say in general of the member states of UNESCO and the member states and the public opinions that has taken unfortunately a very important role in our daily work. Let me just briefly mention, give you some elements on the first of the two items. Since the 1980s UNESCO has come up with the idea that culture in all its different manifestations I will use this term as a synthetic term to summarize elements that concern heritage, other that concerns creativity, of course including the cultural institutions and many other cultural dimensions that have been along the decades, along the year, somehow developed by our organization through the introduction in the international system of a number of treaties or conventions that deal with different types of heritage. In the 1990s we joined hands also with the World Bank at that time led by Mr Wolffinson to have culture as an important dimension of development and then in the year 2000s especially in 2005 a treaty, a convention was adopted by the member states. This treaty is called the Convention for the Protection and the Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and somehow seals the system of conventions that UNESCO has put in place since its beginning to protect cultural heritage just for your information. We have six of these treaties, some of them very famous like the World Heritage Convention or the Intangible Heritage Convention, other very well known like the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Heritage in the Conflict, which I will come back to, and the 1970 Convention for the Fight against the Lease of Traffical Cultural Heritage and other other elements. So we have tried to always say to our own system, the United Nations, to the other agencies that deal with development that culture should be put at the core of the development process, that no development can be effective and factual unless it considers the cultural dimension. I think we have been partially successful until now, but in recent times, especially since a campaign that we strongly pushed in the past three, four years, we were able to achieve some important results. I think these results are visible in the agenda 2030. This is the current international development agenda adopted by the United Nations last year in September, but it took many, many years to convince our own system, which sometimes is a little bit hard to convince, and the member states have voted to the agenda that this dimension should be in fact present in the system of goals and indicators that have been approved and adopted. You will find culture is somehow a transversal dimension, so you will not find a goal that is called culture, but you will find culture in many of the goals that have been approved last year, those concerned environment, for instance, those that have to do with health, those that have to do with economic development, and so on. In one of them, which is goal 11 in particular, the one that concerns cities, culture is perhaps the strongest expression. We are very happy for this because in fact cities are definitely the future dimension where everything happens, in particular in culture. We have also an opportunity in the coming two months. As you know, in October, the United Nations will convene the Habitat III conference, which takes place every 20 years, so it's really forward-looking and somehow considering the long term dimension of development. If you had the opportunity to read the draft text that has been already proposed and somehow finalised, you will see, and we are very happy for this, that culture has a really prominent role in the way in which the United Nations conceive and propose the development agenda for cities in the next 20 years. We are very happy for this because we have been part of this process, but I think most of it we are happy because we think that this is the right way to go. If there is an area and a dimension where culture can be and express its power, certainly this is the urban environment. We have also developed all along these years and we are not going to much detail, perhaps inviting you to read when it will be published our big report, the Global Report on Culture for Sustainable Cities, which we are issuing in Quito in October when the Habitat III conference will convene, but certainly we have an area which is very specific to heritage. We have over 300 World Heritage Cities in the World Heritage List. We have an area that concerns more creativity. We have 120 cities now in this Creative Cities Network. By the way, Edinburgh is one of them, actually both. Edinburgh is both World Heritage and Creative City for Literature, the first actually for this category. We have other networks that concern UNESCO mandate, both in education science and social sciences. We certainly think and see this urban dimension as a very important strategic area for the development of this original idea that culture is a pillar of international development framework. I would like to say that this is really a major piece for us, something that we will continue working on. I can see in many of the statements that have been done in the summit that there is a large consensus on this. I would like to really thank you for this because it's very important to have support from other bodies, other meetings, other forms, expressions of civil society and of course of public policy. Now in the same vein I would say that we need support for the other item that I mentioned as being at the core of our concern, the destruction of cultural heritage. Here with us, our friend, Mahmoun Abdul Karim, I will not go much in detail because he is the one that lives on a daily basis this drama. But certainly it has been for us in the past 70 years at least since UNESCO was created an agenda of action. UNESCO has always been active in areas of conflict because that's our mandate, we are UN body. But mostly with the function of somehow let's call it post-conflict reconstruction. We've been working of course in Angkor and Afghanistan and many other in Iraq and so many other countries after the conflict has left its marks and signs of destruction. We have of course some tools, we have two important international treaties. I mentioned them earlier, the 1954 Convention for Protection Heritage in the Case of Armed Conflict and the 1970 Convention which has a much broader scope, the illicit traffic of cultural heritage. But now it becomes very important in areas of conflict. And of course we have used these tools to do our work in all the areas where we have been involved. I mentioned Angkor, you may remember certainly the destruction of the Bambian Buddha as a major shock for the international public opinion. The destruction of Bridge of Moster and the library of Sarajevo here in Europe 20 years ago and now what we see today. The problem that today we see not a war here and a war there, we see 10 conflicts. We see a very extended, unmanageable front of destruction in the Middle East, in Africa, in Central Asia. This seems to become a very, very critical and unfortunately widespread phenomenon. And this brought us to some reflection we certainly saw that the tools that we had available. I mentioned these conventions but there are other tools where really not sufficient to address the issue. So we are currently working together with the member states to try to improve our capacity to deliver some support and to prevent damages of cultural heritage in areas of conflict. Last year in November the General Conference of UNESCO adopted a strategy which is called the strategy for the reinforcement of protection of cultural heritage in case of conflicts. And this strategy we are not implementing it has essentially a three tier structure. We tried to improve the capacity to prevent damages, certainly what concerns sites and museums and so on. We tried to do something more during conflict which is very difficult as you can imagine. It's very hard to intervene in areas when there are fights and combats are taking place. And of course we are trying to improve our capacity to help and support the post conflict reconstruction. Now of course these activities are very, some of them are very new for us and we see them especially the issue of intervention during conflict. We see them essentially around three areas. We would like to improve our capacity to support those who are in the ground. There's always somebody in the ground even when during a conflict and I think the experience of Maamun will certainly be illuminating on this. We have the possibility of supporting the peacekeeping operations that are mandated by the United Nations. There are already two situations where currently two of the UN missions, the one in Mali and the one in Congo, have in their mandate a specific component of cultural and natural heritage protection. And of course we can work with humanitarian operators particularly we have just signed an agreement with the International Committee of the Red Cross with an extremely important body, not the one that goes into the conflict when everybody goes out. Now in about a month we will present our action plan to our body and we hope that with the support of member states we can move forward and be able, be unable to deliver a better service to those who are in charge of protection of cultural heritage in these critical zones. I'm sure that this issue that has been already raised during the summit will be further discussed and I really look forward to cooperating with member states that are attending this summit and although the other ones to try to define a system that is more effective at the international level in support of the protection of cultural heritage. Well these are the two elements that I put on the table. There are quite big beasts both of them. I hope that during this discussion and during the summit we will be able to deliberate and elaborate on this. Thank you very much. Professor Bantwin, thank you very much. It's now my pleasure to welcome Prince Amin Aga Khan. Prince Amin is a member of the board of the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development, a director of the Aga Khan Foundation and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. He has been actively associated with the Aga Khan Awards for Architecture and the Historic Sufi Support Programme. Prince Amin, thank you. Professor Aming officer, honourable ministers, ladies and gentlemen. I hope you allow me to begin by expressing a couple of personal views and opinions since they probably colour my attitude to our institutional activities at the Aga Khan Development Network known as AKDN. My educational background was largely literary and musical. I believe that all art is essentially a reflection of our hearts, of our dreams, our fears, our regrets and our experiences. In that sense, the arts are universal, something we all share as an expression of our common human condition. They bind us and unite us from the prehistoric cave paintings to the abstract, from the half-tone to the quarter-tone. Our challenge is to see and not just to look, to listen and not just to hear. Against this common background, for me, culture is, by definition, evolutionary. Whether the dialogue between people and places ensued from education, as it did in the grand tours, and it should nowadays, from commerce, as it did along the historical trade routes, from war and conquest, as was so often the last of the case, or whatever. Culture is thus something we share, a human global heritage that binds us and in no way divides us. The dialogue of cultures has existed since time immemorial. The conflict of cultures is a modern and, I hope, temporary oxymoron. The AKDN has been engaged in culture as part of its development activities in the third world since 1977 and the creation of the Arcana Award for Architecture. Our action stemmed from our realization that in many places where we work, their cultural heritage is in fact the only asset at the disposal of the communities we seek to assist. We considered that it was important, indeed often essential, to activate such cultural assets as intellectual, economic and aspirational generators of ideas and actions that could possibly shape the quality of life of those communities. Contrary to earlier prejudices and preconceived notions in many areas of the developing world and instantly still all too often alive nowadays in the West, we took the position in those areas of unmet economic and social need which is where we work, that culture is not a luxury, not something by definition elitist and unfair, but quite to the contrary, a major potential source of economic and social development. Culture has not just the awareness of a proud, memorable and exclusive past, but something that can and should be made a commitment to a just, progressive and inclusive future. The challenge was how to make historic buildings and public spaces of recognized cultural significance, how to make sounds, colours and shapes of recognized cultural meaning become the sustainable basis for economic and social progress. Contrary to the public assumption at the time, culture has to be seen and to become an asset to development rather than a further unwanted drain on already limited resources. The activities of AKDN in the realm of culture are implemented by our contrast for culture known as AKTC with our many of acronyms. There are many projects of AKTC which I could present as examples of the path we have sought to trace. In Cairo we took a mountainous centuries old urban dump by the historic old town in an area of Cairo less well known to tourists being essentially Muslim and not pharaonic, and we turned into a public park, Al Azhar Park. The park looks across the historic city toward the Citadel and measures some 28 hectare. It includes a lake, a couple of restaurants employing incidentally more than 200 local persons, a children's area, a small amphitheater for theatrical, musical and other presentations and a number of recreational areas. It has these past years welcomed on average two million visitors per annum in times of peace and in times of public stress. Lo and behold it generates an annual financial surplus of an average of some US dollars one million which surplus has ensured us not only the upkeep of the park itself and its facilities but has permitted us to finance and execute since 2003 the restoration of 1.5 kilometers of the historic Ayubid 12th century wall that runs along the park and that had fallen into ruin. More, it has permitted us to complete a comprehensive urban regeneration program in neighbouring Darbyl-Ahmar on the other side of the wall where now several AKD agencies working together have been able to implement health, education, microfinance, housing, sanitation programs, arts and music programs while rehabilitating five historic monuments and smaller open urban spaces. We are even debating the creation of a small museum in Darbyl-Ahmar to exhibit the historical objects excavated and discovered during the restoration of the Ayubid wall and thus present to the public the history and arts of ancient Cairo. Now not only is Alhazard Park financially self-sufficient but has created economic and social benefits and a vastly improved quality of life for catchment area people by some 200,000 citizens that are neighbours of the park. In the years to come, it is to be hoped that the history and culture of Muslim Cairo will take that place alongside the more commonly known pharaonic culture of Egypt. Thus offering, part of one would hope through increased tourism that part of Cairo, further jobs and economic and social benefits to the population of the area. In Darbyl-Ahmar, creation of a green space has resulted in the restoration of significant monuments and an entire area development. Further away in Mali, we restored the three significant urban mosques in Jenny, Timbuktu and Mopti. In Timbuktu, several Sufi moselea at Cheshire the Mosque have since been damaged by the soldiers of prejudice during occupation of the city. But one of the very good consequences of our original restoration work is that we have precise architectural drawings of these moselea which provide the necessary basis to accomplish the restoration of these small buildings after the departure of the occupying forces. Further, as part of the restoration work in Mopti around the Great Mosque, we entered into a close working relationship with the local population. We discussed with them how to improve that area of the city and simultaneously how to ensure the longevity of the historic monuments just restored, ensuring the availability of the funds that would be required for their maintenance without it being necessary to call upon public finances. The local population responded enthusiastically and collaborated fully with us in this endeavour, giving freely of their time and abilities. So that with our help and technical advice, our neighbourhood was greatly upgraded through an extensive programme of street improvements, sanitation programmes, training programmes for masons, recycling programmes and the creation of clean toilets and bath facilities attached to a public café and a new centre for earthen architecture. The centre's aim is to inform the public about the techniques in building in mud and to perpetrate those techniques and it has a permanent display of objects, samples and images highlighting the switch tradition. Within this revived area, an array of shops, handicraft outlets and small commercial activities came into being. An entire Maillard, a multi-input area development, had in fact occurred as a result of the restoration of some monuments, a Maillard largely realised and made operational by self-help. Our experience shows that the local population must be centrally involved in any such project. Their buy-in is and must be seen as part of the asset base being developed. Their sense of how the project in question will affect their futures is necessary for them to show the pride and confidence in the project that ensures its resilience. Indeed the planning of cultural interventions aimed at development must involve centrally from the outset the local population. Justly it must consider issues related to the quality of life of those local populations. In a nutshell, the development scenario should have at its very heart the economic and social sustainability of the local population, recognising that local confidence is a primary requirement. As I have earlier indicated self-sustainability of initiatives in the cultural field is essential and must be at the heart of the planning exercise, eventual income streams must be projected and later realised that it is sufficient to sustain the project, or maintain it for instance if it is a building, on a long-term basis, not just in the development stage but on an ongoing basis thereafter. The goal should be an income stream that will produce in the longer term a surplus, which surplus can be reinvested in the project or can, as in the case of double Ahmad, make other projects possible. To be avoided as a fundamental error is that the project should turn into a net drain on the local population, let alone on the national or local governments. Of course, historical buildings are concerned, re-utilisation of these buildings to give them a new purpose, a new life and generate the necessary income stream can frequently become something of a conundrum, a challenge. Hotels, restaurants, cultural centres, display areas, meeting spaces and a thousand other possibilities to present themselves. Here again, local wisdom combined with careful thought into and study of the characteristics of that particular neighbourhood of the general area are required. Cultural assets and many museums tend to lose money for many years. Restaurants require sometimes costly kitchens that have very good cook. Meeting spaces have to be promoted, which can be expensive. The pitfalls are many. The world of culture and development has more facets than I think at first sight. I have mentioned Mali and Cairo. We have a similar project in Delhi, for instance. We are in Huayun's tomb, the Sunday nursery in Nizamudin Basti. We have one of the densest ensemble of monuments in the country. Forty-five of them, including nine more-laver tombs, spurred over 250 acres of heritage in central Delhi and urban renewal is gained being were implemented. Greenspace was stored and created. Vegetation identified and categorised and a plant nursery revived while master craftsmen in stone carving, plasterwork, masonry, carpentry are being trained, creating new employment. In this project too, we have sought to improve the quality of life of the resident communities, attending to the local requirements in health, education and sanitation, urban improvement, vocational training and waste collection, housing improvement, landscaping and madrasa improvement. As in Mali, many of these project responsibilities will be or are already taken over by the residents themselves. And we have similar projects in Kabul and Herat in Afghanistan and among the earlier such initiatives were those in Hunza in the northern areas of Pakistan. Even our music initiative is designed not only to protect and continue traditional music on traditional instruments with the great poetic works of the past, but to promote new musical creations, new musical careers of different kinds, to stimulate and revitalise the arts and handicrafts related music to create new young teachers and new scholarly institutions, to expand a local curricula and to ensure to local populations increased jobs and incomes from sources such as tourism and musical events. In these many initiatives we have come to judge their true value public-private partnerships. They have proved flexible, alliances often long-term and capable of numerous combinations as they can include partner development agencies, foundations, corporations, government, universities, faith communities, individual donors and of course local communities. Our experience showed these public-private partnerships could often prove keystone. In summary, we believe cultural activities in the field of development can and should aim to have a positive impact on both environments and public policy, setting aside as appropriate traditional concepts of separate public and private domains. They can and should promote good governance and strengthen civil society. Recognising that civil and private institutions have unique capacities for spurring economic and social progress while simultaneously having intrinsic ability to meet the challenge of diversity by giving diverse constituencies effective ways to express their distinct identities within a collaborative framework. In high mountain or coastal areas in urban or rural environments in peaceful or post-conflict situations the role of culture in development not only effectively combines the unique with the global, but so is it in the world of culture globalization can be expansion and inclusion rather than homogenisation inspiration and unification rather than a burden and divisive. Such cultural initiatives tend also to anchor civil society where it has been disrupted by civil disorder or conflict. Cultural heritage, both material and tangible, is our common shared heritage. Simultaneously the roots of our identity and an expression of our pluralism. My own hope is that all our efforts to see culture aid and contribute to development would result in those areas now developed producing in their turn new culture so that culture begets culture through time and place and internal dialogue continues. I would now like to introduce Professor Dr Mamun Abdul Karim, director general of antiquities and museums for Syria. I'm sure I speak for all of us today when I say that the troubles in your country have touched us all and I hope for you and your fellow citizens for a speedy and peaceful resolution to the convict. I'm especially grateful for you for travelling to Scotland to join us today Professor Abdul Karim. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, first of all I thank this summit of international of the cultural, especially our colleague Sir Jonathan Mills to invite me to give me this occasion to meet you perhaps from this location, important location in Scotland it's my first visit to Scotland and through my new English also perhaps I can send our voice voice of war in Syria of the tragedy from here to international community perhaps international community can give us some warm feeling through our cold isolation. Syrian cultural heritage is experiencing violent and dangerous attacks during this recent crisis due to the ups and of the cultural situation, threats against heritage have increased and include systematic illegal excavations carried out by professional army groups increased smoglit cultural objects through the Syrian border all the border very open through all this time vast region extending along Syria are now classified as distraised cultural area as well as the use of site as battlefield like Aleppo city today in tragedy what you know Aleppo is one of the most important world heritage city in the world unfortunately now Aleppo like Warsaw city in the 1944 another example attack is ideological by ISIS groups terrorist attack at Palmyra you know through the media what happened in the city how many buildings destroyed by this barbarity to attack our community heritage it is university heritage it is not just Syrian heritage because all my time as director general I accepted to work through this crisis since four years as professor coming from Damascus University I declared that we cannot divide our cultural heritage in two heritage one for the government and other for the opposition no we have one heritage for all Syrian people it is our collective identity our collective history and we share this heritage with international community however through all this tragedy our beauty of archaeology you know how many Syria is rich more 10,000 sites in Syria 34 museums many hundred thousand objects through all this tragedy however 99% of the collection of all the museums save it because we started the program of the saving since 2012 I remember it was my first condition to accept to be director general of antiquity if I can close directly the museums ministry of the culture accepted directly to give me this opportunity one week later we closed all the museums in Syria in the end summer of 2012 since four years fortunately we do it if no we will have disaster as a result we undertook several measures not to closing the museums saving their collection but also it was necessary to keep touch with the local community raising awareness if the government not here how I can save sites my sole option with my colleagues to contact the elites the local community it is your identity it is like the honour of your mothers you should too keep touch with your heritage and to defend your heritage cooperation with international actors to catalogue the damage and losses occurring to the cultural heritage of Syria its occasion for me also to thank UNESCO for the rule UNESCO through this crisis UNESCO refused to leave me in this cold isolation specially director general of UNESCO Madame Irina Mokova and her assistant our share dear friend Francisco Banderine keep a touch with me through all these 4 years bad years, sad years it was really for me I described myself through CNN all the media I am the saddest director general in the world because how you can defend this heritage alone through 2500 person working with us in this directorate we are still now working in area under control of the government and also under control of the opposition we refuse it to cut the salary we push it all employees to work without the politic our initiative director general's antiquity and museum from the beginning of their crisis was together people by what unites not divided them and this situation invite all of us to do our best together to put an end to this damage to cultural heritage the dangers surrounding the Syrian archaeological heritage are growing beyond our capabilities and limited resources they cannot by any man defeat our will we call on the international community to recognize the validity of this effort and provide assistance and support for our work to complete a national effort inside of Syria the international community needs to bear in mind that the Syrian cultural heritage is part of the world heritage of humanity and that the loss of any of its components is a loss for all the humanity in addition we would like to urge the international community to effectively stop extremists resources to try the antiquities and to pressure on the neighboring countries to prohibit illicit trafficking of the Syrian archaeological heritage hence the time has come to take action before it is too late to protect our heritage not in Syria just but also in Libya but also in Yemen in Iraq, Mali, Afghanistan etc to protect our heritage common heritage what we share with international community that is painful for all of us thank you very much thank you professor and I welcome Mr Zhang Xiaolun vice-minister of the ministry of culture the people's republic of China to the floor and I'm very pleased to welcome China to our international summit and we all benefit from this mutual exchange thank you minister distinguished guests ladies and gentlemen good morning it is my great pleasure to join you at this Edinburgh international culture summit and today's panel on cultural heritage China appreciates and actively supports the role of the UNESCO in safeguarding cultural diversity and sharing cultural assets across the world and has ratified and being committed to several UNESCO conventions including the 1972 world heritage world heritage convention convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage 2003 and convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions 2005 the collaboration between the Chinese government and the UNESCO has been tangible as well marked by several exchanges and information platforms for cultural heritage safeguarding in the Asia-Pacific region including a UNESCO category 2 centre the world heritage institute of training and research for the Asia and the Pacific region in Beijing and the five-year-old Chengdu International Festival of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Sichuan province, China in order to respond to the pressure of urban development and industrialisation in China's remarkable socio-economic transition in recent years the Chinese government has given the safeguarding of cultural heritage an important place in the national development agenda and adopted a working mechanism supervised by the government which engages various social sectors our work has a few highlights that are worth mentioning first is legislative and institutional progress promulgated in 1982 and 2011 respectively China's cultural heritage protection law and law on intangible cultural heritage safeguarding provide solid legal ground for cultural heritage safeguarding the state council of China appointed the Chinese state administration of cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage department in the ministry of culture of China to take particular care of tangible and intangible cultural heritage nationwide at local levels regulations, legal acts and specialised institutions have also been established by the end of 2015 there were more than 11,000 cultural heritage safeguarding institutions or across China with more than 160,000 employees second the principles of cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage safeguarding have been respectively identified as safeguarding as the focus rescuing as the priority and avoiding excessive exploitation and negligence in management as well as safeguarding as the focus rescuing as the priority and avoiding excessive exploitation and extinction for traditions by following these principles we need to make the most of cultural heritage in modern times but not at the expense of their safety and authenticity especially the vulnerable ones generally for tangible heritage we focus on protecting them from damage and urban erosion while for intangible heritage we encourage their transmission renewal and regeneration surly based on wide range surveys we created an inventory system which contains several inventories at national provincial city and township levels since 1956 we have yielded one inventory of 767 thousand heritage monuments and one of 14 million heritage properties we have also spent the last 38 years to document folklore and ethnic art all across China we have also published a 318 volume encyclopedia of folklore and arts of ethnic groups in China the 470 million word long encyclopedia was acclaimed as the great war of China's folk arts and ethnic cultural heritage during a national census of intangible cultural heritage carried out between 2005 and 2009 we have collected 290,000 valuable properties and documents we have taken 200 million words worth of notes and 230,000 hours of recordings and published 140,000 booklets of census this census gave us abundant information on the demographics of China's situation and how to safeguard our cultural heritage built our multi-level inventory system based on such information at present in China there are four levels national level provincial level city level and municipal level there are 4296 national heritage sites 129 historic cities 528 historic villages and 30 historic neighbourhoods we currently also have identified 1,372 representative national historic items since 2006 the Chinese government designated the second Saturday of June as the cultural heritage day so far 11 cultural heritage days were celebrated to raise the public awareness of China's cultural identity and traditions China adheres to the convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage and ethical principles for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in its cultural heritage safeguarding recently we started a new round of training workshops on the use of convention and ethical principles for safeguarding institution workers or across China so that they could better understand and act in accordance with these instruments when they deal with specific safeguarding cases in China today I would like to share with my international colleagues some of our ideas and practices in intangible cultural heritage safeguarding in recent years our principles in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in recent years are as follows the first is enhancing capacities bearers are the vehicles of conveying and transmitting intangible cultural heritage as living culture we believe that their safeguarding capacities should be constantly enhanced to keep these elements alive and kicking making them more visible popular and attractive to encourage more people especially young ones to engage in intangible cultural heritage safeguarding and transmission to make such efforts sustainable second it is important to enable intangible cultural heritage to adapt to modern life fundamentally it is about people and their life safeguarding attempts should focus on making traditional elements more relevant to day life of people in modern times in order to safeguard and recreate intangible cultural asset in a productive way we support the integration of modern design and expression concepts with traditional craftsmanship to add to the commercial value of such cultural heritage that could turn into tangible products third our safeguarding measures focus on strengthening and reinforcing the diverse and varied circumstances tangible and intangible that are necessary for the continuous evolution and interpretation of intangible cultural heritage as well as for its transmission to future generations our work to safeguard intangible cultural heritage has been carried out in the spirit of the three principles that I mentioned above so far we have launched a salvage program to record the knowledge skill and craftsmanship of 571 national representative intangible cultural heritage barriers that were at the risk of being lost the central budget of China grants 20,000 remaining each of the national representative barriers every year to subsidise their safeguarding efforts and in the coming five years the number of such facilities will also increase which we have invested in 96 currently more than 8,000 workshop centres and exhibition centres have been opened across the country in 2015 the Ministry of Culture Ministry of Education jointly initiated a training and capacity building program which invited practitioners to be trained and reeducated and so far 4,500 practitioners have attended the program in classrooms in 57 higher education institutions and these programs have been very positively received these program provides an opportunity for communities and ethnic groups to work together and for higher education institutions to engage in cultural efforts as well second we foster the rejuvenation of traditional handicrafts we focus on the preservation of production and the skills so through the promotion and the production we add new life into the craftsmanship since 2011 100 national pilot bases for commercialising in tangible cultural heritage have been set up across China in 2015 we launched a program to rejuvenate traditional craftsmanship which focused on both capacity building and matchmaking we also work with universities and help them partner with companies that are keen to regenerate and promote traditional culture and craftsmanship the Chinese government has written rejuvenation of traditional craftsmanship into its working papers to further boast the transmission of such heritage third we endeavour to promote holistic safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage since 2007 we have set up 18 national pilot zones for cultural conservation in closing areas of great historical significance well maintained heritage sites and distinct and very valuable intangible cultural heritage we support the local governments to safeguard the heritage as well as the cultural traditions our goal is to help each of these conservation zones celebrate their own distinct heritage and cultural values we hope to enrich the cultural life of the people moreover the ministry of culture ministry of housing and urban and renewable development and state administration of cultural heritage of China have identified more than 2500 villages as historical and heritage villages we aim to preserve their way of life we want to stop these villages from becoming commercial shops only we wish to preserve the soil of cultural heritage in all these work we always facting the conducive role of tourism to publicize cultural heritage in recent years more and more tourists have become interested in culture and discovery discovering heritage this is all I want to share with you on China's efforts it is a common task for all of us to safeguard our national heritage and promote cultural development China is always ready to strengthen exchange and tangible cooperation on cultural heritage safeguarding with other countries and we wish to promote further friendship and mutual understanding I thank you minister I now move to our final speaker for this morning's session and I would like to call Mr Olaji Lai Muhammad Minister of Information and Culture the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the floor and we very much look forward to hearing the Nigerian perspective on culture and heritage Mr Lai Muhammad The presiding officer Your Excellencies distinguished ladies and gentlemen It gives me great pleasure to be a miss today I have been asked to speak on an issue that is the central driving force of our economy in Nigeria that is the diversification of our economy and the role of the culture and consequently what we now know as the creative industries in ensuring that we achieve our goals and aspirations of the people Our government came in at the time of dwindling any from good oil which is also the mainstay of our economy and the focus of previous governments I am quickly realized that we have no choice but quickly and wisely pursue our diversification agenda It is not worthy that the current administration even before knowing that the price of good oil was going to plummet had promised Nigerians during its campaign that it was going to diversify the economy At my very first meeting with British Council I posited that that the diversification of our economy would not just be limited to agriculture or solid minerals sectors and I believe now more than ever then that one industry would be focusing on would be the creative industries because it is a major low hanging fruit that is immediately available for exploitation All over the world culture has been a unique symbol of identity that distinguishes a group of people with the same political history from other people My country Nigeria the most populous black nation in the world is endowed with such rich patrimony and culture diversity in all spheres fortunately for us black culture and creativity who are already getting attention despite the lack of government attention and investment The challenge now is how to harness this abundant cultural heritage and create an economy out of it More so that we know there is virtually no state in Nigeria today that cannot boast of three to five cultural industries be it in pottery painting textile making or leather works with very strong expression in film, music, theatre etc We are also motivated but need to preserve our cultural heritage which has informed our decision to revive a number of our dormant festivals such as the Arogyn Group Vision Festival and the Doba as well as age-long traditional games like Ayo and Traditional Wrestling in Jakadu As a ministry we have identified three goals we want to achieve as we pursue a diversification agenda The first is the provision of key infrastructure that will encourage local and foreign investments of the culture of the creative industries The second is the mass creation of jobs and development of skilled and managerial abilities and the third is formalising and growing the export of all aspects of the industry so that it becomes a significant foreign exchange earner for the country The pipes of distribution of all of this creativity will be developed and strengthened with international best practices urgently and wisely domesticated With approximately 24 million TV households over 150 television channels with a greater number of radio with smart phone penetration urging over 40 million and over 100 million phone lines sold to date and with over 20 million who are all primary consumers of the creativity located all over the world and with us being the commercial bedrock of the last frontier Africa we are ready for business Against this background I sought the support of British Council in assisting the agencies under my ministry to rediscover their capacity and revive the cultural industry as a major source of revenue for the nation I am happy to report that on Wednesday here in the great city of Edinburgh we signed a memorandum of understanding with the British Council that will help to revive a mollibond festival and prevent our traditional games which are referred to earlier from dying While other nations are making money I am building a reputation for the country I am building reputations on the invented games and sports such as yoga, judo, karate, scrabble chess, monopoly, etc our traditional neighbourhood games and sports such as IU IR and EK have lost appeal among our youths together with our partners including the British Council and the Tony Alumalu Foundation we hope to reverse this trend It must be noted that a recent study in the USA revealed that film, TV and other copyright industries added one trillion US dollars to the United States economy in 2012 alone The California economy which is one of the leading 10 economies in the world is centered largely on motion picture television film and related entertainment industries domiciled male in Hollywood Drawing from these international developments I have identified inadequate knowledge and the capacity to translate the nation's important cultural heritage into a viable economy as a being of the sector I believe the British Council can assist us in the area of capacity building identification of infrastructure are more importantly in the area of organizing how things work in a cooperative manner Happily, in line with my position the country directors said the diversification of the economy had equally been a huge challenge in Britain because of the country's over reliance on industries She noted that this has been an issue in the UK on the very central particularly in the north many cities have been dependent on industries which have not closed down She said a country had turned its thinking away from economic dependence by giving vent to its culture and creative industries which is now contributing positively to the British economy We have identified some of the key creative industries that are thriving in Nigeria The Norleywood film industry which today stands as the second biggest in the world according to UNESCO is virtually homegrown Our music is beginning to find its way into major international markets and our beats are now featured in chart-topping US hits We need to benefit from the abundance of our cultural resources like traditional medicine music food, cosmetics performing arts science and technology our expressions costumes we are simply not awake the fact that our cultural resources offer more lucrative alternatives to our oil deposits in the form of income derivable from entrance fees to facilities and exhibitions copyright charges for reproduction and use of collected rare objects photographs and visual images inquiry charges sale of publications publicity materials and promotion licensing agreements to mention a few We need to be alert to harvest our many distinctive tangible and intangible cultural resources Nigeria has opened opportunities to boost tourism and the hospitality business national and international carnivals and festivals Each community celebrates its festivals at different times of the year in line with their customs Government has further created enabling environment for the celebration of national festivals as well as upgrading them to international festivals Some of the leading examples are the Abuja Carnival celebrated in November of every year the Kalabab Festival in December and the Arugunguf International Festival in March of every year We have so much to sell to the world that we create immense information and entertainment value so many untold stories so many solutions to various problems and whilst it is so we may have seemed unprepared and confused as to what to do going forward we are moving with the plan and clear objectives There is no doubt that the Nigerian Government is determined to reposition creative industry in its quest for economic diversification However there are indeed various challenges impeding the process waiting to be overcome We are mapping the whole industry as an intrinsic part of the way forward and I must once again sign the British Council in their role in helping us overcome national hurdle At this juncture I wish to thank the organisers of this forum for providing this important platform for a successful interface on culture and its many positive attributes It has been very exciting to associate with this noble gathering and today's eventually marks a new dimension in our relationship On this note distinguished ladies and gentlemen I invite you all to invest massively in the entire resources of Nigeria's cultural industries as non oil export alternative for economic growth and development I thank you for listening Thank you very much minister and for that final appeal I thank all our delegates this morning for their thoughtful contributions We are now going to break out into discussion groups so for everyone to participate and engage as we have heard That will take us up to lunch at 12.30 The plenary session this afternoon will start at 2 o'clock So now I am going to hand over to Vicky Little who is going to tell you exactly what to do I close this session


left so let's get some questions from the audience please and there are a couple of hands because it's pretty well impossible for me to see as I gaze into the darkness here but there are two hands up there if the microphones could come to them and if you could say who you are. Sure, Memdu Karakulukcu from Istanbul. I want to ask Volker about Sudan. It fits in with the sort of model I was playing with in the morning in the panel. What I wasn't clear is that the way you painted the picture it sounded like on economic, political, international affairs, all three fronts things are moving in the right direction. Is it, I mean that may or may not be accurate but that is the way I perceived it, is it because the population, the elite, learned from the mistakes of others and they actually substantively are delivering on the economy, the politics and all the rest of it or is it a shift of attitude? Do the people knowing what has happened elsewhere, are they more patient, are they more tolerant, are they more willing to allow time for all these efforts to give it fruit? Is it, am I making myself clear? Is it actually a substantive change because that would be excellent news that things can be around, turned around within a few years versus it takes time but if we change attitudes in the population then it will allow things to go in the right direction in five, ten years. Thank you. Volker hold that thought and then the other question, in fact there are two more, one yes just there, thank you very much, yeah. I put my question now okay, Erre-Marie-Ton from France, two quick questions to Madame El-Cadbé. First we're here in the Emirates in a country with a large number of migrants, so how do you see this factor revolving in the ten years to come? I mean situation seems stable most of the time in most parts of the region but sometimes it's a bit more difficult in other countries in the Gulf and so is it something that you see as being decreased in the decade to come? Is the part of migrants in the country to increase and how do you see the life of these migrants in the country? I mean the sort of proportion of the population you have here is the sort of thing we do not know in our countries and it is something of a strange reality to us and it's obviously an important factor of life in your country. The second quick question is very interesting question because yeah the question basically if you take the Gulf states other than Saudi Arabia the population is largely immigrant, I mean for example in the UAE I think the population, the citizen population is probably 10% and the same really Kuwait, Bahrain a little higher but that says a great reliance upon immigrant residents so what is the future development of society? Did I get that question correctly? The question is correct, how do you see this revolving in the ten years to come? Is it a factor of stability or not? And a quick other question we have not been talking a lot about Saudi Arabia and you've corrected this, we have not been talking a lot about Qatar and obviously it's about Qatar and it's obviously a tricky issue in the region as well. Yeah okay thank you and then the third question just there. It's actually a counterpart to Mr. Mariton's question. Do you see a role for Arab diasporas helping their home countries? Excellent okay good question. We have five minutes. Boko you can start with your question. You only need a minute to answer that question. Here we go. No I don't think I need more. Thank you. Thank you Mamdou for the question. I didn't want to create the impression that transition is an easy right. Every step that has been taken in Sudan has to be negotiated between these partners in that marriage of reason and it's every step is a difficult negotiation. But to your question sort of is it learning or attitude? Now it's never absolute here but I would tend to say it is learning. It is learning from the experiences of others. I mentioned Syria. I mentioned Libya. Some other experiences but it is also learning through marching forward on that path. Learning both that you cannot have a half or a 30 percent transition. I mean you cannot build peace well you cannot build peace without having a peace agreement but you cannot have a peace agreement without building peace and you need an economy for that. You cannot have economic recovery without reintegrating with the rest of the world and you will not be reintegrated in the rest of the world if you fall back into authoritarianism and dictatorship and defy rule of law. So everybody realizes that these dimensions are connected and then of course people are learning from one another while they are moving forward. I would say and to conclude with this sort of on the cultural identity question by opening up the political scene and by concluding peace agreements and by integrating former rebels into government. The Sudanese are also collectively realizing what pluralistic countries they actually are and that this could be an advantage and needs to be preserved. Thank you. Ibtisam the floor is yours now. The question is if the one was about what is the policy how would it evolve on immigrant residents in the Gulf states and the second question we really is about Qatar and I suppose the confrontation that existed between most of the GCC and Qatar which is now we hope properly resolved. That was that was it yeah Qatar. Okay well in the beginning I would say it is it was a dilemma how to manage that okay and and there is a fear and try through emiratorization then the government came to a conclusion that well you still need those expats and you have a small population okay and you are enlarging your projects so you have to decide uh so that the decision okay we will have them and we will manage them well now we have 200 nationalities here managing them very well there is no conflicts even what happened in the 80s between the Indian and the Pakistani it's not anymore there okay engaging them that at the limit they feel they are part of this country part of its stability they fear if there is anything happened that incident which happened that a woman has been killed that a few years ago everybody was feeling fear or on the stability of this country the most stable and security you will find it here in UAE and there is a question of course about the salaries whatever but still comparing I'm always saying comparing with their original countries they find themselves still they are winner here now on the long run the latest which has been released that the global emirates shows that we are going in that way managing our indigenous with the other nationality and no reverse about this no back to 80s where we say we have to preserve our identity and no others should we should not let the cameras we should be the majorities cannot be you cannot do it anymore now regarding Qatar I think Dr. Anwar elaborate on that but I would say also that it's always basically between UAE and Qatar it's the differences in the vision and in the role and the way UAE always believed on the nation state the Qataris believed on non-state actors and so that's two ways one promoting nation state the other promoting non-state actors here we are talking the muslim brotherhood so two different rules plus between the Saudi and Qatari well Qatari always felt a threat from Saudi a big countries behind them and back to the clash between the two countries 1995 there is always concern in the mind of the Qataris leadership that Saudi always be a threat so you have to contain Saudi either by being troublemakers or having a good relation previous it was not a good relation now the Qataris also all of us from that rift I would say all the countries realize it's it's zero sum game nobody win so that's why they came to that al-Ula summit and how to make it win-win unfortunately there's a there are screens in front of us with big red letters saying time up so we start a little late and we're going to finish a tiny bit late because despite this thing I want each of you in 20 seconds say what your dream is was 2030 it a man as a dream 20 seconds yeah dream is for for a middle east that enables it's a young generation and to find home a hospitable place okay good 20 seconds vodka a deeply integrated deeply economically and socially integrated region that could compete with southeast Asia excellent Mona 20 seconds a young generation that will be up to compete with the with the western generation in the new technology and the digitization in all their aspirations to be at this at a part with them perfect Bernadino is to see the young diplomats in the region designing the plans and and the projects that will bring peace to the region around 2030 inshallah region without conflict based on sect or ethnicity region with empowering citizenship inshallah it'll all happen thank you very much to this panel I think it's extremely good thank you


May I come in sir? Good morning sir, morning sir. Thank you sir. Sir, I am staying in Old Motibak, which has recently been renamed as Northwest Motibak sir. Okay, that is in front of New Motibak? Indeed sir. Indeed sir. Indeed sir. Yes sir. The renovation has been done there? Sir, I think it has been planned for after East Kidwai Nagar renovation is complete. So, currently there is no renovation going on sir. The father is with dad. Sir, he is an officer of the 1993 batch sir. This is the ADGP CID. ADGP CID sir. Yes, ADGP CID sir. Tell me how the public perception about police in Hyaya? My perception is very bad. In general, what is the perception problem? Sir, I think the public perception mirrors your perception. It is mostly on the negative side. Haryana police is seen as a very brash, crude, violent force. However sir, I believe that while this is true, because there are very often cases of police brutality and custodial violence, I think that on the whole Haryana police is a force for good sir. That way loyal orders is okay. I don't find much problem there. But the behaviour, the first thing is behaviour, how will we behave? Police is forced to protect us. At the scene of police itself, people are scared. They don't know what will happen. And the same culture is being carried to in Delhi also. Because maximum number of police officers at the lower ranks are from Haryana. Indeed sir. Sir, I think several steps will need to be taken for this perception to change. Firstly sir, I think there is a requirement of intense training within the police, which is to be taken up by officers from the highest to the lowest levels. Secondly sir, I think in line with the Prakash Singh judgement requirements, a police complaints authority should be formed, from where citizens can directly file complaints and action can be taken. Sir, currently the police complaints authority has not been formed in either Haryana or Delhi. Actually sir, I don't think it has been formed in any state in India as of today. So certainly sir, there is a lot to be done and steps need to be taken soon sir. Sir, training I think is done regularly. Sir, I can only speak, I am aware only about Haryana police sir, where training is an annual affair. Similarly sir, to specifically answer in the case of Haryana, dial 112 is a new program which has been started by the police, where even police harassment complaints can also be filed and within an action on which will be taken at the earliest possible time sir. So the Advocates Act is an act of parliament passed in 1961 which regulates the profession of law in India. It also makes the classification between an advocate and advocate on record and a senior advocate sir. So to the best of my knowledge, anybody registered with the Bar Council of India having cleared the prescribed examination is an advocate sir. And advocates can also be appointed as judges, you would have seen that. Indeed sir. In yesterday's recommendation, what is something new, not new, there is a precedence of that, what is that? Sir, the name of an additional solicitor general, senior advocate Mr. P. S. Narasimhan has been suggested sir. If he is appointed, I think he will be the sixth or the seventh direct appointee from the Bar to the Supreme Court sir. Indeed sir, if all the appointments take place, he will be the Chief Justice after Justice Nagarathna who will be the first woman Chief Justice of India sir. Indeed sir, her father was also a Chief Justice of India and Justice Chandrachudh's father was also a Chief Justice of India. Sir, he is the longest serving Chief Justice of India for 7 years from 1978 to 1985 sir. I am sorry sir, I am not able to recall the name of the judge. Sir, it relates to attempt to suicide sir. And the court had recommended strongly that it be decriminalized because criminalizing an attempt, an unsuccessful attempt does not help anybody for the worsens the situations in which the individual is in. A person needs help. Indeed sir. I am sorry sir, I am not able to recall the same. Sir, Aruna Shonbhag, indeed sir. I am sorry. Shonbhag. Indeed sir. She was a nurse in Bombay hospital. We have two types of law courses now. One is Integrated Course, which you did. That is very interesting. Which one is better? Sir, I think the integrated course is better because law is a multidisciplinary subject in a sense where deep knowledge of various other subjects such as history, sociology, basic English also sir, I think are all required. And an integrated course can convey all of those skills better sir. Sir, certainly the three-year course also has its merits. It allows people to be able to specialize in a subject entirely before they get into law. But sir, purely looking from the point of view of law and legal services I think an all-encompassing course where various skills such as patient listening, communication and idea of India's history or social economic condition can be conveyed is perhaps better suited to our condition as compared to the three-year LB course sir. Yes sir. Sir, how old is this course here?  Indeed sir. I have put on a lot of weight during the corona time sir. The photo looks a little old. Yes. Prime Minister was proposing a follow-up, what do you call it? How long is what needs to be considered as a horrors of partition? What do you think about that? Sir, I think that it's a step in the right direction. I think it does several things. Firstly, it shows state recognition of the horrors that were conducted during partition. Secondly sir, it allows families which are affected during partition to be able to participate in a national movement or a national day and provide solace. And thirdly sir, days of this nature in other countries in the world such as Holocaust Memorial Day or the day of remembering apartheid crimes in South Africa have allowed societies to move past and to reconcile these differences. And sir, I think that the Partition Horrors Remembrance Day will do a very similar task in India sir. During the second wave of COVID, there were various interventions by the judiciary. Indeed. Some are considered as an act of activism. Some are overlays. Can you tell me what is activism and what are the overlays in this? Sir, in the specific COVID, Sir, I think the actions of the judiciary which changed the distribution of the vaccines scheme, the 50-25-25 scheme. Sir, in my view, I think was judicial activism because the vaccination system required a uniform distribution and procurement system. However, sir, the Supreme Court orders on which state should get how much oxygen. I thought sir was an instance of judicial overreach. Appointment of Delhi Police. There are some controversies associated with this. Can you elaborate on this? Indeed sir. Sir, the current Delhi Police Chief, there are two main controversies which are associated. First, sir, that the central civil service rules were amended in order to allow for an officer who had about a month to go before his retirement to be appointed as Delhi Police Commissioner. And secondly, sir, the fact that the officer who has been appointed is not from the Agmot Carter has also caused some feeling of disaffection within the officers of the Agmot Carter, sir. Okay. Where is Pribunal's heads are lying and lying? Raman has not appointed. Is there a pattern or what has the government been doing for you? Sir, the tribunal, the appointments in the tribunals have been pending since 2017. And since then, the appointments have hardly been made. This is primarily because there has been a tussle between the executive and the judiciary on what should be the rules which govern the appointment, the conditions of appointment and service for members of the tribunals. As a result of which, sir, first we saw these rules being brought in by a finance act which was struck down by the court, then as rules which was again struck down, then as an ordinance which was struck down just last month in the case of Madras Bar Association. And now, sir, it has been, now the similar reforms have been brought in through the Tribunal Reforms Act which was passed about a week ago, sir. What circumstances can ordinance be used? And how is it being used now? Sir, an ordinance can be used in order to pass any legislation which the union government or the state government believe is important or has public importance while the legislature is not in session. Sir, I believe that the ordinance in recent times, the use of ordinances in recent times has gotten better and has reduced as opposed to, say, the previous decade. And, sir, I think that ordinances have been introduced mostly for economic reform-led measures as opposed to, say, measures which had a much larger social or political impact in the past decade, sir. Sir, I mostly like reading biographies and autobiographies. Sir, the last book that I read was called Method in Madness. It's an autobiography of Secretary Parmeswar Anayar. And it writes about his journey as an insider in the IAS, then taking a VRS, then joining at the lateral entry level as secretary for Swachh Bharat Program. I quite liked that book. And right before that, sir, I had read Before Memory Fades, which is the autobiography of senior advocate Fali Narayman, sir. Last question. What is your biggest weakness? Sir, I think I have a tendency to procrastinate. And I think that that makes me lazy at best and really inefficient at worst. And so this is something that I try and fight every day, sir. So what are you doing about it? How are you trying to fix this? So firstly, I think the very fact that it is at the center of my cognizance and in my mind, I think it makes me take small steps in my daily life. Secondly, sir, I have a feedback group in a sense of my closest friends, my younger brother and my mother who tell me if they see these tendencies coming back into me. And thirdly, sir, I try and write, I try and maintain a record of what I do every day. And sir, as such it tells me if I'm going into a slump and so yes, these are mainly the things which I do, sir. Sir, you are a lawyer. Sir. Sir, I would say I am a lawyer. However, the main difference being that, sir, once one is registered with the bar council of a state or of a state high court, they can call themselves lawyer in that they can practice. However, anyone who's given the LLB exams is a LLB graduate, sir. So have you registered in some bar council? Indeed, sir. I've done my provisional registration with the bar council of Delhi. So tell me, why not?  You argue very well. I'm the same. Thank you, sir. But why not become a very good lawyer? Sir, I think there are several reasons why I decided to appear for this examination and not go into law. So first is that I do not want to be bounded by the financial capability of the person I'm helping to determine how much I want to help him. And I think that's a central part of the legal business. Secondly, sir, I believe that the civil services offers a proximity to change or a proximity to development which no other job may allow for. There are various ways to be able to do social development, but the proximity that the civil services offers, I think it puts it in a separate league. And thirdly, sir, I think that there is no other job which can provide the job satisfaction and the job quality that the civil services provides. Why not? Certainly, sir. But through my experience of interning with lawyers who are in the pro bono litigation period, a lot of time is often spent in trying to find cases in order to subsidize their pro bono litigation or to find sponsors amongst big lawyers so that they can continue their pro bono litigation. And sir, I believe that the impact that pro bono lawyers have is much lesser in comparison with the civil servants. On both these counts, sir, I think civil service fares better, sir. Can you tell me the overall problems and the judicial system handling? Sir, I would classify the problems of the judicial system under three headings, sir. First relates to efficiency. There are about four crore cases pending in the Indian judicial system which the Nitiayog estimates at the current rate will take over 300 years to clear, sir. And I think as a result, this makes the judicial system highly inefficient, has problems even on the ease of doing business because our contract implementation is very low and so on and so forth. Secondly, sir, I would say is a question of transparency. The fact that judges refuse to be covered by RTI and any proceedings against them happen behind closed doors, as was the case in Justice Gogoay as well as Justice Ramana's complaints, both, sir, I think undermine public confidence in the courts on the whole. And I think that there is a requirement for both these issues to be looked at. And thirdly, sir, the heading of accountability. I think, sir, sorry, sir, the thirdly being the heading of transparency, sir. I'm sorry, sir, if I may rephrase, the third heading being of independence. So I think that since the NJAC debacle and then the back and forth on appointments to the tribunals, there have been some doubts which have crept into the mind of people about the sanctity of the institution and the sanctity of appointments. And, sir, I believe that there is a requirement of a national consultation on the judicial appointments process so that a statutory or a proper concrete manner of doing the same can be introduced, sir. And there will be some more reasons for the candidacy, high-pandemic cases? Sir, I would list three or four reasons. Firstly, sir, is the high-vacancy number. At the district level, the sanctioned strength in all of India is about 24,000 judges, whereas currently only 16 to 17,000 judges are in function or hold office. Secondly, sir, is a high number of vacations. For a district judge sits in court only for about 240 days, a high court judge for about 215 days, and a Supreme Court judge only for about 190 days. And, sir, as such, I believe that with such a great backlog, this low number of working days is the main reason for the inefficiency. Lastly, sir, I would say that very few technological advancements are being leveraged at the district level. For instance, case management systems, systems which allow for e-filing of evidence and effort evades, et cetera, there is very, very low adoption of that, which is why the process, which is already burdened, continues to move at a sluggish pace. And what about the certain judges are also reluctant to make judgments to their final judgments? Indeed, sir. What happens very often is that the court will reserve its order for the judgment and then the judgment will be passed at a much later stage. And, sir, it is to counter this problem itself that Justice Malimath Committee had suggested that at the end of every judgment, the judges should be, it should be made compulsory for the judges to write the date of hearings ending and the date on which the judgment is delivered so that this specific problem can be dealt with, sir. So firstly, I think it takes us away from a non-statutory and sort of grey area method of appointment in the collegium to a properly structured manner. Secondly, sir, I think that the equivalence drawn between the judiciary and the executive in appointing judges is a good step because it shows a cordial, cooperative environment between the two institutions of state. And thirdly, sir, I think that it also allows us to fight or at least make public the issue of nepotism that we face in judicial appointments. I think NJAC would have brought in many newer judges or first-generation lawyers as opposed to the current system where a handful of families across India about 300 to 400 judicial families are the ones which contribute most of our lawyers, sir. And so for these three reasons, I was, I am and was in favour of the NJAC, sir. You have a hobby of cricket also, sir. Do you play cricket or watch cricket? Sir, I play and watch cricket both, sir. Recently, police captaincy has been under standard. What is your opinion on police captaincy? Sir, I personally am... I have my criticisms of his captaincy because certainly it seems that the individual is put in front of the team very often under his captaincy. And we saw that there was a change in the manner the team was behaving on field in Australia after he came back. So we came back from a big loss in Adelaide to win the test matches and then defeat them at GABA. So, sir, I believe that that criticism is accurate. However, on the whole, I am in favour of his captaincy. I believe that he has brought in a much better fitness culture, a much better work culture to the team. And, sir, I think also to have the world's best batsman as your captain definitely adds to the morale of the team, sir. But you have not been performing recently? Sir, yes, the last 15-16 months have been a little hard for his batting style. But, sir, still I believe that his inherent talent is still present and that it will help us on a rainy day, sir. So, your name, we are happy with this. I am going to name. Sir, I think it really raises the expectations from me, but otherwise I am happy, sir. Sir, regarding Koji, you were just saying for 15-16 months, you are not performing well. Now, 15-16 months is a long period. One or two months, one can take it. I don't know, I personally feel it's not that your captaincy is bad. His selection of team is bad. You know what I mean? The number of batsmen and the moderates, these are the attempts we did to mistake them. And trying to find all around them in everybody is a gamble. Your institute is in Dwarkar, man. Indeed, sir. It's in sector 14 Dwarkar. It is a new thing, man. Law faculty is up for Delhi in college, man. Indeed, sir. Then we are in the south camp, sir. This is in Dwarkar. The whole camp is in Samam. Sir, our university is not part of Delhi University. Indeed, sir. But it's in Dwarkar. Yes, sir. Can you name other law schools starting from Bangalore? Sir, NLS Bangalore, Nalsar, Hyderabad, NUJS in Calcutta, NLU in Jodhpur in Bhopal. So I think, sir, there are about 16 national law schools in India now. Yes, sir. You didn't write Bangalore? Sir, I wrote the clad. I was being offered Nalsar, Hyderabad. I missed Bangalore by about 5-6 ranks, sir. What is ICJ? Sir, the International Court of Justice. It is the primary judicial body under the United Nations. And it is seated at the Hague in the Netherlands, sir. Now, how effective are they? Sir, I would say that the ICJ has been effective in trying to resolve disputes that have come before it. However, because ICJ can exercise jurisdiction only over those disputes which are brought in by both the countries which submit to its jurisdiction, its efficiency is reduced because very often countries do not want to go in front of the ICJ itself, sir. How many judges are there in ICJ? So there are 15 permanent judges in the ICJ, sir. Yes, sir. Any Indians there at the moment? Sir, I think Justice Dalveer Bhandari is still on the court, sir, currently serving. We have one day there. Sir, Kulbushan Jadav, sir? Yes. So the judgment was delivered by the ICJ in 2019. However, sir, before the judgment could be enforced, Kulbushan Jadav passed away in a Pakistani prison, sir. And as such, the judgment has been rendered infractuous, sir. Kulbushan passed away? I am sorry, sir. Then I must be confusing. I am extremely sorry, sir. I am extremely sorry, sir. So the judgment had two parts. The first part was that Kulbushan Jadav will be allowed consular access from India. And second would be that under a free judicial system, the trial of his case will take place. So the second part has not been acted upon in any way. There is no retrial, no independent procedure to check for his guilt. The first part, however, sir, Pakistan has complied. India... No, sir. Sir, there is a... I would say this is an inherent limitation in the ICJ and its jurisdiction that the ICJ cannot compel countries to comply with its judgments in its entirety. And, sir, as such, there is not too much that can be done from a legal international law standpoint, sir. That is a very issue for India. Thank you, sir. The judgment... Indeed, sir. However, sir, there is a lot more power to sanction or the power to punish for not complying with the Supreme Court's judgment as opposed to, say, in the case of ICJ, where countries can just blatantly say that they do not agree with the judgment and then not apply them. So, what do our punishment take? It is very important, sir, to comply with the ICJ. And are there any punishments in any form? No, sir. However, sir, I believe... So what I meant to say is that, at least on the books or by the statute, there is a power to initiate contempt proceedings against the Chief Secretary of Karnataka if the judgment is not complied with. Well, India really wasn't happening. Okay, now, what is this competition law? We have a competition law. Sir, the competition law is a branch of law which has been introduced basically to make sure that there is no market distortion either by abuse of dominance position or by entering into anti-competitive agreements. Sir, I believe that in a market economy system, competition law is required in order to make sure that there is a level playing field for all players and that nobody, because of their presence in the market, is able to create artificial barriers for entry or to distort the market prices by using the great amount of financial power that they have. Now, let's talk at the international level. Again, we have an agency to ensure there is a level playing field. Which agency is that? The trade part of it. So, the World Trade Organization. Are they succeeding in anything? Sir, I would say that the World Trade Organization has been successful to some extent in being able to apply the most favored nation standard and the non-discriminatory standard amongst the countries. However, sir, with countries such as China which use currency manipulation and dumping very often, the effectiveness of the WTO has been reduced greatly, sir. Yeah, almost all countries have these anti-dumping issues. Indeed. In India, China, India, of course, also a separate country. So, you think it's not that effective in the WTO? Anyway, compulsory licensing. What is this compulsory licensing issue? Sir, compulsory licensing is when the government, the state is empowered to allow any other manufacturer, is allowed to override the patent protection of an individual and give out license for the production of a patented product to non-patent holders, sir. It is permitted under the Indian Patents Act as well, sir. Last question. Where is the accommodation on the 15th finance commission? So, firstly, sir, on vertical devolution, sir, on vertical devolution, the finance commission recommended that 41% of the funds be devolved to the states. This was 1% lower than what the 14th finance commission had recommended. Secondly, sir, the finance commission has laid down five different types of grants under the grants in aid which can be given to states. The highest amount, the highest amount has been given to revenue deficit grants. Thirdly, sir, the grants which have been recommended for the local bodies, the third tier of governance are the highest till now. Overall, rupees 4.8 lakh crore have been recommended over a period of five years. And fourthly, sir, the terms of reference contain specific provisions to comment on defense and internal security bill that the union government has to pay. So, a separate grant has been made to that extent also for modernization of defense and internal security infrastructure for rupees 2 lakh crore, sir. And how about the population? Sir, the census of 2011 has been used for the first time in the calculation of the finance commission. To allay the fears of the southern states, a new performance-based indicator of demographic performance was introduced which was given a weightage of 12.5%, sir. And for the other states, the southern states make more money? Sir, to the best... And forests? Sir, forests in the 14th finance commission were given a weightage of, I think, 10%, which has increased to 15% in the 15th finance commission.


I mean extremely impressed. I thought really the whole series they've been excellent and you know to keep on tacking onto that lead in the first game but then tonight obviously climbing back from a huge hole that I put them in and be able to keep throwing consistent at bats and once we get the lead continue to attack on it's just it's impressive it's really impressive.  Yeah I mean that was a struggle I mean stuff was stuff was just over the middle of the plate. I mean pitch after pitch it just seemed like you know credit to them they got their A swings on on pitches that they should hit and obviously they're they're super talented and they have really good hitters you know but but yeah boy that was that was that was tough I mean I just really poor execution and and just not great stuff and never really found a way to try to make it any better. You've had storms where stuff isn't there and then you settle down and look like you did at the end of the first inning what happened? I mean we located some fastballs at the end of the first inning but just like overall a culmination of like all the pitches I mean I mean maybe like you know looking back on it we should probably you know I don't know try to throw some more fastballs inside I mean we just kept trying to execute that down in a way like we've like we've had you know for the last few weeks so it just kept creeping and then creeping back up over the middle and not really being serviceable and then at the same time like the sliders sliders were very sharp they didn't have very good bite and the cutters are just backing up over and over again I think Buxton and Crayer I can't really remember but I mean just like middle-middle cutters that are running it's just yeah it's tough to get away with a pitch like that against those guys. Jared what can you say about the performance of your Goldman tonight? Outstanding you know Lucas is about a few good ones together in a row and tonight was obviously huge for us. Wandy was super crisp Mike King came in and does what Mike King does and Clay was Clay you know Clay close it down I thought I think that like it was really special for them to be able to hold and keep throwing up zeros I mean you know obviously the momentum swings drastically in the favor of the twins early and I can't do anything about it but you know with the quality of bats that we were having continue to play good defense for the bullpen to hold zeros and let us continue to kind of gain momentum and make our bats like more relevant as the game goes on to ultimately get the lead and then lock it down I mean what a great team win tonight I mean super impressive.


In the film Braveheart, Robert the Bruce betrays William Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk. During a dramatic scene that reveals the betrayal, an anonymous English knight is stripped of his helmet after an exchange with Wallace and is shockingly revealed to be Bruce.  We know, however, that Braveheart is no historical gospel. It may be good entertainment, perhaps really good entertainment after a few dramas or bottles of Bucky for those less civilised in the crowd, but it's not historically accurate and there's no evidence that supports the betrayal scene in the film. Yet, when it comes to Bruce, I must not be the only person who has a lingering thought in the back of their mind that there was more to Bruce than the simplistic national hero argument. Who was this man and is there any truth to the notion that he was a traitor to Wallace and Scotland? One thing that is clear about Bruce and his family is that they had clear political aspirations and were more willing to make concessions and change allegiances than others would be. In fact, early in the First Scottish War of Independence, Bruce and his father sided with England, no doubt as part of a political calculation, although Bruce did quickly shift allegiance to the Scottish side. Then, in 1304, Bruce once again pledged fealty to Edward I of England, also known as Longchanks, although he may have been forced to do so, as Wallace had been crushed by this point and the spirit of rebellion was weak in Scotland at that moment, with most of the other nobles swearing loyalty to the English throne. These political calculations speak to the broader fact that Bruce was a noble politician and member of a powerful family that had long held political aspirations for power. The desire for power did not start with Robert the Bruce, for instance, Bruce's grandfather. Robert the Bruce, the fifth lord of Anondale and a feudal lord in Scotland, was a claimant to the Scottish throne during the Great Cause. The Great Cause was sparked after the death of the seven-year-old Queen Margaret in 1290, who was destined for the Scottish throne, resulting in 13 different claimants vying for power, including Bruce's grandfather, following an arbitration process that lasted a few years and was led by none other than Edward Longchanks of England, who was hardly an impartial arbitrator. John Belial became King of Scots in 1292 and reigned until 1296. Bruce's grandfather had missed his opportunity to be the King of Scotland. Did Bruce betray Wallace? First things first, the scene described earlier in Braveheart at the Battle of Falkirk is not supported by any historical evidence. One episode that has drawn some criticism from the purist, however, relates to Bruce's treatment of Wallace's capturer. In 1305, Wallace was captured by John Menteath, a Scottish nobleman and keeper of the Barton Castle. Wallace was then handed over to the English and went on to be hung, drawn and quartered. In 1307, Bruce captured the Barton Castle, and some argue that Menteath should have been executed for his betrayal of Wallace. Instead, Bruce demanded that Menteath swear loyalty to him. Menteath refused, saying that he could only serve one master, and he had already sworn loyalty to Edward I of England. Bruce imprisoned Menteath for months until Longshanks died, leading Menteath to immediately swear loyalty to Bruce. It is also worth noting how Bruce takes over from Wallace in a sense, as Wallace's greatest defeat gives rise to Bruce's career. After defeat at the Battle of Falkirk, Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland, and was replaced by none other than Robert the Bruce and John Common, who ruled as Joint Guardians. Even back then, however, the rivalry between Bruce and Common was evident and did not lead to a smooth guardianship, with Bruce eventually resigning from his position as Joint Guardian in 1300. Bruce famously went on to stab Common at the Chapel of Greyfriars Monastery in Dumfries. The reason for this is debated, but some argue that Bruce felt betrayed by Common. According to certain sources, Bruce and Common, despite the rivalry for power, had hatched a plan to overthrow the power of England in Scotland. Behind Bruce's back, however, Common had been sending letters written by Bruce the detailed parts of this plan to the English King, with Bruce narrowly escaping with his life because of this betrayal on a trip to the English court. In response, Bruce arranged a meeting with Common, and the rest is history as they say. Others argue that the two men came to blows, strictly over the rivalry for the Scottish throne, and Common's unwillingness to support Bruce's claim. Regardless, Bruce went on to become King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329, at the age of 54, due to an illness. Although his father had died of leprosy, there is no evidence that Robert died of the disease, and any rumour that he did was probably propaganda by his enemies as leprosy was so feared during his day. Given all this, was Robert the Bruce a traitor to Wallace and Scottish independence? The simple answer is no, and Bruce of course went on to win pivotal battles for Scottish autonomy, and let's face it, himself and his power, none more famous than the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Bruce, however, had a political mind. He made concessions and shifted his allegiance where others wouldn't, but that may be part of the reason why he managed to have such success. What's your thoughts on Robert the Bruce? Please let me know in the comments below. Was he a traitor, a national hero or somewhere in between? 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Good morning, folks. Steve Rhodes coming to you live from a partly cloudy Delray Beach, Florida. This year, 11am update. We've got a mixed bag out there. That mix goes like this. The Dow's up 78. The Russell's up 9. The S&P is off 2 and the Nasdaq, 194 points. That's about 7 tenths percent to the downside. You've got the semi's off 10 bucks, about 3 tenths. The Tranny's up 8 tenths. 120 points there. Gold is up $13. Silver's up 17 cents. We crude up about 15. Natural gas off the penny. 30-year Treasury printing out 130 to 11. That's off 7 ticks. Let's go take a look at what all that means by looking at that 9-panel market update chart. We take a look at the ESMini. We still have that sell-the-de-point pattern with price simply consolidating with inside its daily profile. That tells us, folks, we've got resistance at $4171.75 and support down at $4176. Spot follow takes still well below its 50-day exponential moving average. That gives the edge to the buyers, the bulls out there. If we take a look at the NQ, still has that A to B-equal CD pattern with a price projection of $13996. Price remains right now above the top of its daily profile. The top of its daily profile is $13062. We're at $13065. As long as price remains above that, well, odds favor. That's not an R on my top, so let me get rid of that. That favor is a further move higher. If we take a look at the U.S. Dollar Index, it's consolidating with inside its daily profile. That's a both a structured profile. They close today above $101.75 or $101.83 right now would really suggest to move up to $10258. Goldilocks also forming a new profile yesterday. It has resistance at $2040.90 and support at $1974. The support is $1974.20 to $1980.260. If we take a look at Silver, Silver's got a TD-9 count top that would be negated with a close above $2529. A new profile did form yesterday. It is below price. That is a bullish message for Silver. Light's been crude, still has the TD-9 count top, but it just led to a sideways move. That top, by the way, would be negated with a close above $81.69. That would take price up to the next resistance area. For Light's been crude, that would be up at the $84.20 level. In the case of natural gas, it did go ahead and form another by the D-point pattern. Yesterday, a road's meant to mitigate at the bottom. I can't recall which one is out there. Both of them. But in this case here, price is still unable to close above the center of that profile. That's a $219. That's where counter trend rallies always find resistance. And so far, that's what natural gas has done. Folks, stay tuned for the Trader Z show. But if you'll have to start your Tuesday, please have a terrific one. Thanks much for joining us. We'll look forward to speaking with you again soon. Take care now.