onto it. So Star Trek, everybody remembers the original Star Trek, Captain Kirk and Spock, and then we had Patrick Stewart, you know, coming in great with the next generation and then maybe after about seven years of next generation, then the next, the third generation of Star Trek came and that was created by Rick Berman and Michael Filler and Jerry Taylor and it was called Star Trek Voyager. So both of Jesus' selections and I mean the Star Trek, it's more than an anthology, it's just, it's a, it's a culture. Are you all Trekkies? Do we have any Trekkies in it? We've got Trekkies in the house today. So this is for the Trekkies, this is the third generation called Star Trek Voyager, where, oh yes, we have a female captain, that's good, Captain Janeway, strong as they come, a female captain, the captain of the Voyager and then she's got a commanding officer, Chacote, who will be playing prominently in our first Star Trek episode today. He's, of course, he's in the second one too, he's like a commanding officer right under Captain Janeway and basically these two Star Trek episodes I have used over the years. In fact, I have to say honestly, I've used many Star Trek episodes. Where some, where some movies dare not go, Star Trek will go. Where, where some movies dare not go, Star Trek will take you there. So you're going to enjoy this because once we get into the realm of dreams and dreaming, we are going way beyond personhood. If you are struggling every day with personal issues, if you're struggling with interpersonal issues, if you're struggling with environmental issues, if you're struggling with what you see on the news or on the internet, those are the preliminaries. That's the preschool to take you into the mind. And we have to, again, we thank all the great philosophers and all the great psychologists and all the great saints and avatars because anyone who's taking you in a voyage into your mind is taking you toward the, I'll call it, the mind of God. Christ is an idea in the mind of God. And that's what we want. We don't want to know the human mind. We're not interested. In fact, Jesus says the ego enjoys studying itself. So I have to say much of psychology and much of psychiatry is studying the error. And certainly we even have to take our hats off for people who even attempt to go into the mind because for people like Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, they they helped make us a little more aware that there's this unconscious mind that Carl Jung called the shadow. Is it important? Actually, yes, the exposing and the releasing of the unconscious mind is actually the most important thing you ever do. So it doesn't matter what your profession is. It doesn't matter what roles you have. All you're really doing every day, every moment of every day is giving yourself a chance to allow the unconscious mind to come up to awareness. Why is that important? Because it's repressed. That's what repressed and denial means. It means pushed out of awareness. I mean, when you look at all of history, it's not like there's a lot of stuff written in the overall context of all of time and space in history. We're not hearing a lot of talk about the shadow. We see the effects of the shadow. We see what's on Plato's cave wall on a daily basis. We're watching the news. We're watching Plato's cave wall. But for most, you could say they're unaware that they're just chained and imprisoned in their mind and that there's puppeteers, the egos, puppeting, and there's dark thoughts and dull thoughts that are producing the projected world. So if you don't like what's going on in Ukraine, I would say this is a great opportunity to look at the unconscious mind. Whenever we perceive a war, we have to look at the unconscious mind because the unconscious mind is what Jesus would call the war against yourself. And he does say he's very positive. He says the war against yourself is almost over. In fact, for Jesus, it is over. He's just he's just hanging around with some words for us to give us a few pep talks to do what he's already accomplished. So you don't really have any reason to have anxiety or worry because Jesus is a symbol that it's already handled. In fact, it wasn't Jesus the man that handled it. It was the Holy Spirit who handled the belief in separation. The instant it arose. So thank you Holy Spirit. Wow. How long did it take you? Not even one second. Not even a fraction, a hundredth, a millionth of a second, simultaneously. Oh, the Holy Spirit is fast, handled the ego in simultaneously. And now we're just learning how to accept the correction. That's what the Course in Miracles is, accepting the Atonement, accepting the correction. So basically, that's what we're going to be doing today with both of these episodes. The first episode is called Waking Moments. And the second episode is called The Thaw. And some of you have been with me when I have done these. I actually have done The Thaw many times in different countries, in different cultures. I've done The Thaw because that is probably one of the most concise and practical episodes that's showing you the whole context of waking up from the dream. The first time I came upon The Thaw, I was actually doing, I was at a course group up in Detroit, Michigan. And somebody after the group came up with me, they were all fired up and they go, David, there's a new Star Trek episode. And it's A Course in Miracles. The whole episode is like the teachings of the Course. And I said, okay, I'll have to check it out. What's it called? The Thaw. So you're going to, that was many years ago, but you're going to receive the benefit of that little tip I had from a Course in Miracles student who, like many of the movies and episodes I use, these are Course students and teachers that tip me off. And then I show them over and over and use them as teaching devices and then experience the joy of just extending the parable. And these are two wonderful parables. I think we could say that escape from the ego and escape from time and space is just comes down to forgiveness. Really, all we're here to do is to forgive the world. We're not here to figure out the world. We're definitely not here to analyze the world.  Why would we put our sincerity of waking up from the dream into analyzing the projection or trying to evaluate or judge or figure out the projection when the projection is the veil that was meant to keep us asleep? The projection of time and space is the veil that the ego generated to keep you from knowing who you are. So the next time you're concerned about something in the world, remember it's a veil that was projected by the ego to keep you from knowing who you are. Now the Holy Spirit can use anything that the ego made, so the Holy Spirit uses the projection to the Holy Spirit. The world is just symbols. These are just neutral symbols that the Holy Spirit can use to take us to the leaping off point of the dreamer of the dream. That's why I said you might have a mystical experience today because if you really wanted, there's nothing the ego can do to stop you from having it. If you want it, here it is, come and get it. It's right now, and we're all viewing the beautiful parables with the prayer in our heart to experience the expansive love of God. So I think basically there's these two episodes. What are we going to experience right now? Well, first of all, Jesus said he wanted a music video to go first before the Star Trek.  You're going to use a music video? He said, yeah, just to get you in the mood.  Jesus is so claimable, a little mood music to get you in it. Anybody remember your rhythmics? Sweet dreams are made of these. Who am I to disagree? Well, that's what Jesus likes to do. He's a he's a Eurythmics fan. So he's got a Eurythmics song, the famous one, Sweet Dreams, and then the visuals of it are the movie Tron. Has anybody seen the movie Tron? This movie is in my movie Watcher's Guide to Enlightenment. I have to say it's one of the best, it's one of the all-time classics because it's about dealing with a computer-generated world in which everything is made up and that is the projection of the world is all based on false power, control, competition. It's a fantastic movie. I think I fall into this deep mystical state whenever I watch Tron. So he's going to have the images of the movie Tron and the Eurythmics song, Sweet Dreams, made of these. Who am I to disagree? He's going to put those two together just to put us in the mood. That's the warm-up band. That's just the warm-up band for the concert. We all like a good warm-up band too. We like to be in the mood. So that's to soften us up a little bit. We're going to get some Eurythmics music to soften us up and then we're going to move into the first of the two waking moments. Now I'll give you a little bit of a hint about what these two episodes are showing and I'm showing them in this order because we need all the clues we can get if we're going to wake up from this dream of time and space. So waking moments, the big insight we'll find from the first Star Trek episode of Waking Moments is that we're all dreaming the same dream. There are not multiple dreams. People have said, well, we've got what is it 7.8 billion different people and there's a lot of nighttime dreams going on. No, there's not. There's not a lot of dreams going on. It's an identical dream. We're all dreaming an identical dream of separation. So it's not multiple. If you believe there's multiple dreams going on, that's confusing. If anyone teaches you there's multiple dreams, that's going to be confusing. You're going to be confused. You're going to go.  What a mess. 7.8 billion different dreams and how am I supposed to get out of that that labyrinth? That's not even if you consider the cats and the dogs and the caterpillars and the butterflies. Some people are saying, don't butterflies have their own dreams? No. All dreams are identical and that's the great benefit of Waking Moments. It's going to take us through a little skit, a little scenario with Captain Janeway and Chacote and the crew and we're going into an experience that all of the dreams are identical. There's really only one dream. You can't really experience that you're the dream or the dream until you first come to an experience that they're all the same. That's why you don't have a different dream going on than Vladimir Putin. You don't have a different dream going on than Donald Trump. You don't have a different dream than Mussolini or Osama bin Laden. You don't have a different dream from Adolf Hitler. You don't have a different dream from Saddam Hussein. It's the same dream.  Jesus is gently smiling in your mind going, there's just one dream. I'm asking you to join me in seeing the dream as it is, as the Holy Spirit sees it. And then you can wake up.  But if you keep projecting even metaphysically onto these teachers that don't have it yet, or these people that don't have it, or these religions that don't have it, the Klu Klux Klan, same dream. Secret police, Gestapo, Kremlin, same dream. Stop blaming the projections. There's only one dream. And that's what will help you, of course, to come into the experience that I'm the dreamer of the dream. How else are you going to be happy?  The light that is Jesus Christ, the light that is the Holy Spirit. So whoa, that's why we're going where no movie has ever gone. Whoa, waking moments, it's all the same dream. Whoa, that is enormous. That's an enormous realization. Okay, another thing that's part of waking moments is some of you have heard in psychology, the field of psychology, and also in many different cultures, ancient cultures, but lucid dreaming. Has anybody ever heard of lucid dreaming?  A lot of us have had that experience. We're dreaming. It's a nighttime dream, seemingly, or it can even be during the day.  I don't think I was paying attention, but I think I had a moment like, wow, this is like a dream. And I'm dreaming all this. That's amazing. Darren, you talked about some of those experiences where you looked around the room, yeah, the walls, the people, yeah, the photos. So that is, that's two aspects. That's just during the first Star Trek episode. Keep your mind open to there's only one dream. There's only one dream. It's all one dream and lucid dreaming that I can be aware that it's a dream. I have the capability, actually the destiny, to be aware that it's all just a dream. Row, row, row your boat, gently down the stream. Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily, the world is but a dream. And life is eternal. So that's important to know. Now, some of you would probably like to have a good setup from Jesus in the Course. And basically, I tried to look for a little snippet from the Course that kind of described the unconscious mind, because we have not been aware of it. Everything that we consider dark or evil or bad energy is the unconscious mind. It's just out of awareness. So we call it bad energy. We call it, we got the evil look. We call it evil people or evil things, but there is nothing good or bad under the Son of God. The Christ mind is pure light. So what seems to be positive things in the world and negative things? We could say positive things in the world are but light shadows. And when you perceive negative things in the world, you're in dark shadows. You are in the realm of dark shadows if you perceive negative things in the world.  The devil is real. Evil is real. I'm just smiling because I'm thinking, yeah, dark shadows. Definitely dark shadows there. The devil, dark shadows, dark shadows. And then when they talk about how beautiful everything is in the world and, oh, it's so great and I can manifest anything and I can have all the money in the world and I can get a soulmate. I can manifest anything I want. Those are light shadows. And Jesus is saying, please come with me and be with me and God in heaven. The Christ and God are in heaven and we are pure light. We are not shadows of any kind. We are eternity. We are I amness. We are infinite presence. We are infinite pure love and light and we don't have anything to do with shadows. But the Holy Spirit is really good at taking us from dark shadows to light shadows to happy dream. You can't wake up from this world without a happy dream first. And that's definitely light shadows. Don't think there's anything special there. Shakespeare's phrase much ado about nothing applies to the light shadows as well as to the dark shadows because shadows are shadows and God is not a shadow, I'll tell you. And God is not unconscious at all. So here's a little paragraph from A Course in Miracles that gives you a taste of the unconscious mind. It's basically says, a brother separated from yourself, an ancient enemy, a murderer who stalks you in the night and plots your death, yet plans that it be lingering and slow. All of this you dream.  Here is the cause of suffering, the space between your little dreams and your reality.  All in this tiny little gap.  In fact, you can't see it from eternity because it doesn't exist. You wouldn't even be able to spot it from eternity.  It's a little dark spot.  No, no, this is, this is not cancer. This is the tiny little dark spot that is the inventor of all illusions.  It's smaller than that little spot on the radiation scan. It's an infinitesimal tiny thing. So basically, I'm telling you that because it's not like, it's not like you should be terrified of facing the unconscious mind. Who's afraid of the big bad wolf? The big bad wolf? The big bad wolf? Who's afraid of the little ego? Come on, we're going into advancement here. We're going towards dreamer of the dream. We're not going to be scared off by a little speck that's out of, we can't even see it. It's so tiny. It's so tiny. It doesn't have any reality or existence because God didn't create it. So that is how insignificant this little gap is. But Jesus is also telling us this. He says, you are the dreamer of the world of dreams. No other cause it has nor ever will. Nothing more fearful than an idle dream has terrified God's son and made him think that he has lost his innocence, denied his father, and made war upon himself. So there it is. It doesn't get any clearer than that. Jesus is saying, you are the dreamer of the world of dreams. He's giving it to us straight. He's not sugarcoating it. He's not trying to embellish it. He's not trying to minimize it. He's just saying straight. This is straight. You are the dreamer of the world of dreams. He's just teaching what he learned. He's teaching what he learned when he woke up. So fearful is the dream. So seeming real, he could not wake into reality without the sweat of terror and a scream of mortal fear unless a gentler dream preceded his awakening and allowed his calmer mind to welcome, not to fear, the voice that calls with love to awaken him. A gentler dream in which his suffering was healed and where his brother was his friend. God willed he awakened gently and with joy and gave him means to awaken without fear. Wow, what gratitude we have. God gave us the means through the Holy Spirit to awaken gently and without fear. Everybody knows if you try to wake up from a nightmare and you don't wake up gently, you wake up with a cold sweat in this dream or maybe somebody else is waking you up in the middle of it.  But Jesus is saying, no, come with me. The Holy Spirit will help you gently wake up from this dream gently and it simply comes down to listen and follow. The workbook lesson I've been quoting from sometime I will today is called I will step back and let him lead the way and that's where the gentleness comes in. When you let the Holy Spirit go before you and you follow the guidance of the Holy Spirit, that's where the gentleness comes. It doesn't come from trying to be a hero. It doesn't come from trying to be an activist. It doesn't come from trying to take a stand against somebody. It comes from listening and following the Holy Spirit. That's the honest truth. That's the way. So what Jesus says, he says the Holy Spirit is offering you the happy dream or what he calls the real world. And this is a state of mind that that is very, it basically looks on the world in a clueless way. The world looks very surreal from the Holy Spirit's perspective. He tells us in the course that the real world is nothing like the world you perceive. There are no streets that need lights to light them. There are no stores to buy endless things that you have no need of at all, you know, using money that you have to go and do senseless things for only to buy more senseless things. He's making fun of commerce and stores. He's making fun of cities. He's making fun of the human condition. And Jesus can honestly gently make fun of the human condition because he knows it's not true. He knows none of is true. So that's why you can make fun of it. It's a gentle humor. This is not put down humor. This is not harsh humor. This is gentle humor. Here's what Jesus says, talking about the Holy Spirit, except the dream he gave instead of yours. It is not difficult to change a dream when once the dreamer has been recognized. I'm going to say that again. Now we know why it's so important, the topic for the day. He says it is not difficult to change a dream when once the dreamer has been recognized. Rest in the Holy Spirit and allow his gentle dreams to take the place of those you dreamed in terror and in fear of death. He brings forgiving dreams in which the choice is not who is the murderer and who shall be the victim. In the dreams he brings, the Holy Spirit, there is no murder and there is no death. The dream of guilt is fading from your sight, although your eyes are closed.  The sleep is peaceful now for these are happy dreams. This is Jesus Christ. He's like singing to us. He's like seeing us, not a lullaby, but a wake-up lullaby. He's not trying to put us to sleep. He's waking us up in the softest way possible. So here's a paragraph too that Jesus, just remember this. This paragraph has saved me hundreds of times. The minute I really have a thought that is a doubt thought about anything in this world or about any brother and sister, this is what Jesus really comes into my mind with. This is how soft he rinses me. This is for all of us. Dream softly of your sinless brother who unites with you in holy innocence and from this dream the Lord of heaven will himself awaken his beloved son. Dream of your brother's kindnesses instead of dwelling your dreams on his mistakes. Select his thoughtfulness to dream about instead of counting up the hurts he gave. Forgive him his illusions and give thanks to him for all the helpfulness he gave. And do not brush aside his many gifts because he is not perfect in your dreams. He represents his father whom you see as offering both life and death to you. So basically every time we meet a brother or a sister or we even think of them, if we're not experiencing the joy and the gratitude of all the gifts that were offered to us through this brother, all the the encouragements and the kindnesses and softness of this sister, if we're not full appreciation when we're thinking about a brother or sister, then we think the same of God.  If you think you were ignored or rejected or discarded of a brother or sister, you believe that about God. If you believe you were rejected or abandoned, you believe that about God. And believe me, God is not the abandoner here. God is pure love and God didn't leave anybody anywhere because God didn't create the body. So God's not leaving anybody dangling around anywhere in time and space. God is just calling his home to spirit, to pure love. And God isn't the abandoner or the rejecter. That's just the ego beliefs in abandonment and rejection. God didn't create abandonment and rejection. That would be ridiculous. The world is an illusion. Those who chose choose to come to it are seeking for a place where they can be illusions and avoid their own reality. Yet when they find their own reality is even here, then they step back and let it lead the way. What other choice is really theirs to make? To let illusions walk ahead of truth is madness. But to let illusions think behind the truth and let the truth stand forth as what it is is merely sanity. So basically as you start to teach and learn this and you really start to give your mind permission to see that you're the dreamer of the dream, you will be dreaming softly. You will be dreaming gently. You will be dreaming happily. And also it will be a sense that the body's importance in your mind's awareness will diminish. It will start to shrink and shrink and shrink because that little gap, that little speck of nothingness made the body. And then by identifying with the body, you put your identity into something that is is pointless. I mean, Jesus says, certainly what the body is made of is not valuable. It's not going to last forever. It's very, very temporary to think that your identity is that temporary is a very gross distortion of your true identity. You know, the body's just here and it's gone. It's like the dust. It's like the dust. Don't invest in the dust. That's what I've been talking about lately. What people are saying, what do I invest in? Invest in the spirit and take your investments away from the dust. Let's not be fooling around with the dust too long because we really don't need to put much attention toward it. Now here's a good one. This one will apply to both episodes today. And I'm going to, I found it, I was digging, Jesus hadn't been finding all kinds of things. Here's a good one from the workbook. Many have chosen to renounce the world while still believing its reality and they have suffered from a sense of loss and have not been released accordingly. Others have chosen nothing but the world and they have suffered from a sense of loss still deeper, which they did not understand. So this, these are two categories. One is to, to say the world's an illusion, to just say the words, the world's an illusion. And yet your attitude doesn't seem to reflect the happiness that, that awareness would bring. So if you just say the words, the world's an illusion, but you're not happy. Jesus is saying, no, you've, you've renounced the world within words, but you still believe in it because you're not happy. If, look at the Beatitudes in the Bible, if you're not in those Beatitudes, then, then you can say the words I renounce and you can put on robes and cloths and all kinds of things and you can bathe in the Holy River as you can go to the Ganga River and bathe in the Holy River here and the Holy River there. You can get the Holy Blessings and the Holy Water. Listen, Jesus is not interested in, in all these holy rituals. He's interested in holiness, which is who you are, which is your reality. And that's why he's saying many have chosen to renounce the world while still believing its reality. There's a later part I had to, to dig it out. I had to dig it out. There were so many good ones here, but here was one. You cannot escape from the ego by humbling it or controlling it or punishing it. You want to humble the ego? Impossible. It's a death wish.  The Holy Spirit knows the ego is not real. That's the way to go, go with the Holy Spirit. Don't try to escape from the ego by humbling it or controlling it or punishing it. The ego, the ego's unreality is not denied by words. Isn't that a good one? The ego's unreality is not denied by words. Oh, he's sending us toward the dreamer of the dream because he knows we want it, but he knows that just to say the ego's an illusion, you know, is not going to do it. I know there's a lot of well-meaning, course of miracles students and teachers who sometimes went confronted by traditional Christians and they say, what is this crazy course? It says the devil's not real. It says that sin isn't real. It says that evil isn't real. And the course student and teacher will try to say, yes, that's correct. And usually there's a big calamity that happens after those words.  And if you just say the ego's not real, or if you go into a Christian church and you say the devil's not real, Jesus is saying, remember, the ego is not denied by words. Just if you think you're going to get to heaven by spouting metaphysics, you need to have peace of mind. You need to have a happy heart. You need to have gleeful eyes in order to experience the kingdom of heaven. Don't try to do it through the words. Here's another one. No one can escape from illusions unless he looks at them for not looking is the way they are protected. So if you look at all the teachings I've shared these last 36 years or the books or the videos or the audios, it's all about unveiling and exposing the ego, not by trying to do something informed to escape it and not even thinking I have to say the right words. Even if you say the right words, if you're not happy in your heart, Jesus is just smiling and shaking his head going. No, no, that's not the gospel. The gospel is a gospel of love. The gospel is a gospel of non-judgment. The gospel is accepting your brothers and sisters as they truly are.  Come on. He's saying to us, let's lay off the Atheists. Religion, theology is not the truth.  Hopefully you leave your theology behind and you have a simple happy heart. And that's all Jesus is asking us for. He's not asking us to be scholars or theologians. He's not asking us to be psychologists, philosophers. He just wants us to be happy. Even Helen Shuckman, he told Helen Shuckman at the end, I love you. She was concerned about the book, whether she did a good enough job and Jesus is like, I love you. Those three words, that's the whole thing right there. Oh, well, thank you for the book and I love you. That's good. So I think that's a pretty good start. I think we're gonna let the, we're gonna let Star Trek show us the way. But before we do, we have the rhythmics coming as our warm-up band. That's right. For Jesus, it's a whole show today. You get to enjoy the warm-up band and then you get to enjoy phase one and phase two. And then the day goes on. You get to interact with each other and share all your joy and your insights and interact with peep. So it's gonna be a beautiful day. So thank you all. I love you. I'm so grateful that we can share this deep dive together. We're going down the rabbit hole and I can't think of a better song to take us to tip us over into the rabbit hole than this opening song. So enjoy the song, feel the joy and love in your heart, and then lean back and enjoy the ride and let the Holy Spirit take you on a ride. See you soon. I'll pop in during the episodes.


Hello, my name is Roy and I come from China now I live in Shanghai and today it's very cold here but I'm very excited as I have passed 120 online type of course from ITTT. First of all I have to say that this course is very useful as it covers all the knowledge you need to know to become a type of teacher and for me I was worried about my final lesson plan as I found that many native speakers they passed the final lesson plan with three attempts but finally I make it for the first time I was really excited and I have to say that the final plan lesson plan was is very useful because it covers all the skills or the knowledge you need to know to become a type of teacher now for me I like to participate in type of internship or type of volunteering around the world and and I think I'm on the way


Hey everybody, this is Brian. Welcome to the 44th tutorial on LAMP. We are going to be discussing object-oriented programming error handling. If you remember our conversation when we were talking about the error methods in PHP, well, those were for PHP 4. PHP 5 added a lot of object-oriented programming. Well, you have to handle errors differently. If you go out to W3 schools, they talk about exemptions. Well, it says throw new exemption. Well, what does that mean? We don't really know what throw means, but new exemption. That looks a lot like object-oriented programming and you'd be right. The exemption is a class built into PHP, but they don't explain anything about object-oriented programming. They just take for granted that you just magically know from here to here. Well, that's like the last dozen or so videos that we've just done is nothing but object-oriented programming. So, we know now everything we need to know to understand all of this. We need to understand what does throw do? Well, let's write some code. Class H check. And we're just going to say public function check age. And we're going to say age. If the age is greater than zero then else. Otherwise, what we're going to do here is we're going to throw an error. This is a bad situation. Something we don't want in our code, meaning the age is now zero. If we've gotten this far, we're saying age. If age is greater than zero, so age is not greater than zero, it ends up down here. Well, we want to do something. Now, typically we would just echo something out, but we're in object-oriented land. And let's say we're writing this class and somebody else is going to use it. So, what we're going to do here is we're going to throw a new exemption. Age cannot be zero. So, now let's just make an instance of this class. We're just going to say A equal new. Age check. We're going to check the age. And let's give it the ripe old age of 99. You are 99. I should probably put years old. A bit of a perfectionist in me coming out. Let's say we give it a zero. Notice how nothing happens. Let's actually echo something out here. No. That way we know something happened. Run it again. Still nothing happens. Why is that? Well, when you throw an exemption, what you're doing is you're taking this and making it into an error. You're saying an error occurred. Stop execution, stop everything. I mean, if we comment that out, we can see our algorithm works, but the throw actually stops execution. So, when you hit an error, execution will stop at the first time something is thrown. Let's make another class. And we'll say person. Public function set age. We're just going to set the age. And we need the age check class. So, we're going to say, actually let's give it the age variable. We're just going to say A. That way you don't confuse it. Notice how, well, we haven't done that right. Let's actually finish this up. Let's change A to a person. And we're going to set age. Notice how still it doesn't work. We're making a new person class. We're calling set age. Set age is just making a new age check class. I should say age check object. And then we're calling this check age. So, we're still in the same situation where this is not being displayed. So, we have no idea what's going on. What we need to do is catch the error. Think of this like throwing a ball. We're throwing the exception. Now we need to catch it. So, let's say try and then catch. And this is one of the few times where you will actually declare a type. So, here is our try and catch. We have two code blocks. Try, catch. And what we're saying here is anything within the try code block, try to do it. So, we're going to take our code, cut it, paste it. And here's our catch. Now, we have the catch and we have a special type called an exception. If you go out to the manual you'll see that the exception is just a class within PHP. And it has a lot of different things like getMessage, previous, code, file, line, trace, trace of string. Some of these will cover like message. It just gets a message saying, hey, what is the message of the exception? File tells you the file name line tells you the line. Trace is an interesting one. It traces back through the whole context of execution. So, let's actually demonstrate these a little bit. Let's actually take this, paste it here. Now we see, ta-da, we've caught the exception. No! But we need to extract some information out of here. So, let's actually say age cannot be zero. So, now we're actually getting the information out of the exception class through the getMessage function. So, we know that something happened. And this is pretty typical in just about any language. Someone will write this class, some condition happens, and they will throw an exception. Then it's up to you to catch the exception. Meaning, you work with their class and then if an error occurs you catch it and handle it. Never, ever, ever, ever, ever do this. Because then an error occurred and you have no idea what happened. So, now that we have gotten the message, we can do something else like get trace as string. Ta-da! Look at that! Error number zero and it actually gives us the full path of the file. The line age check, check age zero. It actually gives us the code that we've called out. Error number one. So, on tut 44 PHP line 48 person set age zero. Which, sure enough, line 48. There's where it's generating. And then it drills it back. It's called a trace string. It traces it all the way back to the very beginning of where this happened. In age check, check age zero. Age check, check age zero. Ta-da! So, that's how that works. Very, very powerful. Heavily used across all object-oriented languages. And we can actually take this a step further and say class my exception. Let's actually grab this for copy and play. Let's just call it my error. Try to keep things short. And then let's say public function doom. I like doom. So, let's say, notice how we're returning a string. And then we can just say the sky is falling in. Ah, yes, I see what the problem here is. We have to actually, sorry, extend the exception object. And now, suddenly, we have things like get file. Where we can get the actual file name at. So, we haven't actually used this class yet. So, here's our my error class. Where we're extending the exception object. And we have a doom function. So, we're just doing some sort of custom error handling here. So, what we can do here is actually let's change this around a little bit. And I'm going to just comment this out rather than delete it. That way, if you guys download the source code off my website, you can see it later. Now, notice how nothing's changed. It's because we're still doing the e get trace. But if we say doom, the sky is falling in and there's our file and at line 34. So, that is how you would actually do a custom error class. So, let's review it real quick. I realize I threw a lot at you very quickly. We have a class called age check, which has a function called check age. We're just saying if the age is greater than zero, you're all good. Otherwise, something bad happened. You're going to throw an exemption and then in your consumer class, you would have to catch the exemption by using try catch. Now, you very easily could have put try and catch right here. But we just want to demonstrate how to use this across classes. So, now we're calling the function. We're trying that code. If something is thrown, we're catching it. Notice how we're catching the exemption. But we still call doom. We should actually do this. And then you can actually nestle it down again. That way you can catch multiple levels of errors. I hope if I actually spelled this right, get trace as string. So, what we're saying here is there's one of two ways we can do this. We can catch our custom error or we can catch an exemption. Now, our custom exemption actually extends exemption. You would do this just in case, let's say instead of my error getting thrown, you would throw an actual exemption. Notice how you have two catches. This is called fall through. We're catching our custom error type. This is doing, if you watched my previous video about type checking, this is basically saying, is this the my error class? That's why you're giving it the actual type. It's saying no it's not, so go to the next catch. And then our catch all is this catch exemption error. So, it's giving the same thing. So, if we comment this out and we use this one instead, we get different functionality. That and that shell is exemption handling inside of object-oriented programming. Hope you found this educational and entertaining and thank you for watching.


I'm Annie Fisher, the Vice President of the American Literary Translators Association. I'm excited to open this video commemorating the long list, short list, and winner of the 2020 National Translation Award in Poetry. 2020 marks the 22nd year for the NTA and the sixth year that the award is conferred separately in poetry and prose. The NTA is the only award in the United States to include a rigorous examination of the long listed translations against the originals. We are grateful for the crucial work of our anonymous expert readers. Welcome everyone, we are excited to have you here to celebrate with us. The judges for the 2020 NTA in Poetry are Ilya Kaminsky, Lisa Katz, and Fareed Matuk, who judged over 60 titles this year to select the long list, short list, and winner who will receive a $2,500 prize. We will be hearing from Lisa Katz with the blurbs for the short listed titles, and then we will go to Fareed Matuk for the announcement of the winner of the 2020 National Translation Award in Poetry. Followed by a brief conversation and reading with the winner. Please feel free to follow along in the awards brochure found in the description, and we encourage you to purchase these titles from the bookshop.org page also found in the description. When you do, you support local bookstores. Engage with us in the comments wherever you're watching and tag us at littranslate on Twitter and use the hashtag Alta43. And now I'll turn over to our judges. This is a short list for the National Translation Award in Poetry for 2020 in no particular order. I'd like to apologize for any mispronunciations I make of names and long words, and mainly to offer my congratulations to these fine poets and translators. Hysteria by Kim Edom, translated by Jack, Jake Levine, So Say Un, and Heji Choi from Action Books. One of the co-translators of this good-humored and confrontational book notes in the afterward that the style of Korean poet Kim Edom is intentionally excessive and irrational. Her speaker is a hipster who makes brash statements about quotidian experiences that may occur in any crowded city. In the title poem, a woman being groped on the subway imagines her revenge. Quote, I want to kill the motherfucker if only I could go down to the sandy beach on the Red Coast moonlit there beside the cool waters I would lay him down, if only unquote. Kim Edom turns her glance on her specifically Korean milieu as well. It's an intriguing, illuminating volume. The Last Innocence, The Lost Adventures by Alejandra Pisarnik, translated by Cecilia Rossi, Ugly Duckling Press. The directness and lucidity of these translations of multilingual Argentine poet Alejandra Pisarnik present her work to us with its enigmas intact. An example, Ashes, in which the sky described by the poet is then claimed to be watching her and the atmosphere owns emotions and a face which one might expect to belong to the speaker. Quote, night splintered into stars, it watched me stunned, the air scatters hatred, its face beautified by music. Pisarnik has often been translated into English. Rossi's work avoids verbosity and is less Latinate than others and more suited to Pisarnik's minimalism, which then requires the reader to think. The Winter Garden Photograph by Reina Maria Rodriguez, translated by Christine Dykstra with Nancy Gates Madsen from Ugly Duckling Press. Rodriguez's poetry is both lyrical and investigative, captivating and thoughtful. It is interested in metaphysics, but also able to deliver the philosophical ideas in precise, elegant language. Dykstra and Gates Madsen have done an excellent job in bringing Rodriguez's prosodic nuances into an English that is as fresh as it is delicate. This book, perhaps more so than any other collection published this year, captures the inner workings of the human mind. The Battle Between the Frogs and the Mice, a tiny Homeric epic, translated by A.E. Stallings from Paul Dry Books. A.E. Stallings translations are always a masterclass in music making. Here, she offers us a lively and crisp version of a classic text. We meet the mouse named Crumb Snatcher, killed by the reckless frog, King Puffer Throat, starting a war between species. This age's old parable is well-known, but A.E. Stallings' charming and often hilarious version makes it come to life by a word choice and rhyming couplets. Translators should know at least one language well, preferably their own. A.E. Stallings, a virtuoso of English prosody, gives us yet another example of how it is done. Room in Rome by Jorge Eduardo Ilson, translated by David Schuch from Cardboard House Press. Some works don't begin or end in the dissolution of translation, which, rather than being poetry's unfortunate devolution, is its origin and life force. Finding their fingers already tingling to touch that loose weave, poets like Jorge Eduardo Ilson can fling their attentions out across poems long or short and return having woven the unexpected into the prosaic. David Schuch's translation allows English readers to notice how the knots in Ilson's weave gather dread, rage, linguistic self-awareness, and somehow joy. Tell Me Kenyalang by Kula Grassi, translated by Pauline Fan from Sir Comfort's books. Translator Pauline Fan, in collaboration with poet Kula Grassi, offers an English version of Tell Me Kenyalang that complicates national categorizing schemes of world literature. Grassi intersperses verse written in Mele with phrases of Kaya and Kelibit, just two of the languages spoken by different ethnic and cultural groups residing in the nation state of Malaysia. Allowing some Kaya and Kelibit to remain untranslated. Fan and Grassi give readers rich multilingual evocations of multi-ethnic storytelling, ceremonial songs, ritual incantations, and dream weaving. But this is no museum. Fan's translation renders the pulse of a living poet's contemporary, generative attention to contemporary, generative moments, offering us a text that is narrated, alive. And this year's winner of the National Translation Award in Poetry is Hysteria by Kami Idoom, translated by Jake Levine Soson and Heji Choi, published by Action Books. I'd like to welcome Jake, Son, and Heji to turn on their cameras now. Thanks for joining us and congratulations. Thank you. Thank you. So we agreed to have a quick conversation. We wish we could spend more time together talking about your wonderful work. But to start us off, could one of you speak to what drew you to Kami Idoom's work into Hysteria in particular? I think initially, for me, what I enjoyed about Hysteria when I started working on it was this obvious quality of irreverence and one-dimensionality almost. The poems are very explicit about both of those qualities, almost insistent. And at the end of one of the poems, just rehearsal, the lines are like, I'm single-layered, there's no me inside me. And also, when we interviewed Kami Idoom, that was something that she felt very strongly about. So I think that was the initial job. But as we got into the translation process, I started thinking, that's not quite right, that despite the explicit insistence on flatness, that there are many places in these poems where the ambiguity is really rich in a productive way. And that's part of why translation took so long to sift through these layers that the poem is insisting isn't there, and to determine how to get that across in English. And even the irreverence or the Hysteria, that's there, but at the same time, there's also this subdued under-the-surface quality. And in the first poem, which is about a server getting her order wrong, there's a big emotional reaction to that that reads as Hysteria, but the external reaction to that is almost nothing. And so I think there's an interesting balance between what is being proclaimed to be there and what is actually there. And even after the more obvious surface level attraction of Hysteria fades, I think I'm left with questions about why it was necessary to insist upon a certain flatness. What situation is the speaker responding to where flatness is advantageous or even necessary? That's great. I hope we can touch on that in a couple of the other questions. You mentioned it was a long process. What were some of the challenges and rewards you encountered in working as a team of three translators? I think the most rewarding moments were when we were on call to talk about a part of a poem, especially in situations where no one had the answer. And we could throw things around and it felt like it was valuable to me in the sense that it felt very permissive. I would have an idea and I'd be like, well, that's not good or that's too wild.  And even if we didn't use it, it would start a conversation about what's appealing about that that was eventually useful. Yes, we do have different cycles of motivation and sometimes when we come back to it to discuss it together, we don't remember exactly what we were thinking at the moment when we were very excited about the poems. But I think when we do come back and have these discussions in a very engaging way, we try to justify our choices to the other translators. And in that process, we have to verbalize our thinking and I think it's a good learning experience and the externalization of your thinking process is very helpful. On that note, maybe the three of you can comment, what are your hopes for the next 10 or 15 years of Korean literature and translation in the US or in the English speaking world? I know that Son and I just translated a poet where we have a book coming out in like a month, Kim Min Jong. Heiji has been working on a book for a few years now that's coming out in the spring by Moon Bo Young. I think right now, in particular, is maybe the most exciting moment for English translation of Korean literature. Not that Korean literature didn't always have great writers, but right now there are so many young great translators.  And so I think the future is like super, super, super bright. Maybe like, you know, Korean a Korean book of translation from Korean all in year and year and year. Yeah. That's wonderful. Do you do you want to add anything to that thoughts for where Korean literature might go in English? Kind of just have like a personal hope that like the genres that are being translated will also expand. Like I think like within poetry, like there is this like expansion of like what counts and what is supported and celebrated. I want to translate web comics so badly. So that's sort of like the project that I'm hoping to work on that I hope lots of people will be like interested in working on as well. I think we all we all also like have discussed maybe this is like an aside question but also discuss like how difficult it is for us to love like the K-pop phenomenon. And kind of in a way it's really important that all these like punk rock great poets are being translated from Korean to give people like an alternative view of like a different kind of culture because K-pop takes up so much of the attention and space. I think at the same time, like the reason Korean poetry also garnered so much attention is because of K-pop and other areas where Korea is, you know, very powerful right now and poetry is just kind of like piggybacking on that success. That wave. I think I think they're picking backing on us. On hot day in particular on community poetry. We're responsible for BTS. We play a role. And I'm not inflammatory. No, we can, we can maybe conclude the conversation. Congratulations to you all. Thank you for your work. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks. Hysteria. I want to rip you apart with my teeth. I want to tear you to death on the speeding subway. Hey, you groping.  I feel like I'm ripping like I'll tear apart any second I want to scream throw fit. But I take my hand and push it deep into my gut. Breathe. Deep.  I said stop leaning on me. You're driving me nuts.  The leather in my body begins to strain. Is it a fox or a wolf? I'm about to pop. Flowing blood like a lunar halo, blood stains that bleed through blue sheets. You think that's instinctual? Because of the full moon?  Truth-speaking woman, if you know the truth, keep it to yourself. This is the gospel of filthy humans. Periodic bleeding, stomach cramps, I won't stop. I'm complicated as hell, but people try and try to get inside. I'm an insider me, not an outsider.   Closing, opening, repeat, repeat. A wheel that stops and stops as it turns. I need a U-Route. I need to get out. I need a heavy-duty MaxiPad. What to do with this past-out fucker?   But what if he's my lover? If only I could pick him up by the back of his neck with my teeth. I would leap off this train and sprint over the tracks. I would head to the darkest part of the night, my wild hair flapping. If only I could go to the sandy beach on the Red Coast Moonlit. There, beside the cool waters, I would lay him down. If only.


What we're looking at today is a fluidized bed gasifier. Essentially what goes on inside of there is you'll have more irregular size material and you'll be mixing it with sand and the gases will make it almost act like a fluid as it's forming. And a little bit will show you a small fluidized sand bath so that you can see how it might work on the inside. We'll also be talking about pyrolysis, which is a thermal reaction similar to gasification but it's at a little lower temperature and it has no oxygen in it at all and so we'll learn about that during the week. We have fast, slow, and ultra-fast types of pyrolysis. We also use different types of units and the primary goal of a pyrolysis unit is to produce liquids rather than gases. We'll also be talking about biomass pretreatment. The biomass pretreatment, the method that we're trying, it's a method that we're using to try to separate out the cellulose from all the other materials that are in a plant and so that will also be discussed in our lesson. We'll also have a carbohydrate tutorial so you can see the chemical structures of the carbohydrates as well as where some of these fit into the plant.


Hello, I'm Marie-Louise. I'm an Impact Evaluation Officer at Global Migration Data Analysis Centre here in Berlin. During these last months, I've been assessing the impact of Cinema Arena, which is a mobile cinema that is going from villages to villages in rural Guinea in order to show the danger of an irregular migration journey. There are generally four phases when we produce a rigorous impact evaluation. The first one is the design stage. You have to really understand what you're trying to assess. So we work very closely with our colleagues who are implementing projects in the field in trying to understand what is the theory of change, what are they trying to achieve, and how. In the case of Guinea, we decided that the best way to have the most accurate results is to use a difference in differences method. So we take a picture of a situation before the info campaign happened, and then we take that picture again after the info campaign, and there we go. The difference is our impact, but to do that is a long way. We start with piloting the project and you take the questionnaire and you test it. You see if the question works, if people understand, if you get the precious data that you need to assess your impact. Once we know that through field visits, through multiple conversations, and actually also a review of the literature, we design our study and we decide which methods to use. And every study deserves its own design. There's not sort of a one-size-fits-all approach. Every design for every country in every study will look slightly different. So the second phase, and probably among the hardest, is the data collection phase.


The Honorable Antonin Scalia and Mrs. Scalia, Justice Rehnquist and Mrs. Rehnquist and the Chief Justice and Mrs. Berger. Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States and Mrs. Reagan. Members of the court and ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the White House and thank you for coming to witness this historic occasion. This ceremony is the culmination of our constitutional process which involves each of the three branches of government. I've had the honor of nominating Justice Rehnquist to be the next Chief Justice of the United States and Judge Scalia to be the Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. The Senate has confirmed my nominations and now I now ask that Chief Justice Warren Berger administer the constitutional oath of office to Justice Rehnquist and Judge Scalia. Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Justice Rehnquist, before I ask you to take the oath, I would like to make this observation with your leave, Mr. President, that we will have today the 16th Chief Justice of the United States in almost 200 years. And Judge Scalia will be the 103rd Justice of the Court. For me it is not only an honor but a personal privilege to take part in the ceremony involving Justice Rehnquist who has been a colleague and a friend, a warm friend for 15 years. And Judge Scalia, with whom I have worked on extra-judicial activities relating to the administration of justice. And now without more, I ask Justice Rehnquist, are you prepared to take the oath? I am, Chief Justice. You will place your left hand on the Bible and raise your right hand and repeat after me, I, William H. Rehnquist, do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States. Against all enemies foreign and domestic. That I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same. That I take this obligation freely. Without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion. And that I will well and faithfully discharge. The duties of the office. On which I am about to enter. On which I am about to enter. So help me God. So help me God. My congratulations. Mr. President, I know that I speak for all of my colleagues and for all of my family. I thank you for inviting us to these proceedings, to conduct these proceedings at the White House, signifying the transition in the Supreme Court. Today, Chief Justice Berger retires. After 17 years of distinguished service, I receive your appointment to be Chief Justice. And Judge Scalia, by virtue of your appointment, becomes Justice Scalia. The process established by the Constitution is thus fulfilled. At the conclusion of the second part of these proceedings in our court this afternoon, I will become the 16th Chief Justice of the United States. 45 years ago, when Harlan Stone succeeded Charles Evans Hughes in that position, he wrote to his predecessor that he now realized he must bear some burdens which John Marshall did not know. So I am sure it will be with me. Mr. President, I am grateful beyond measure to you for affording me the opportunity to serve the court and to serve my country as Chief Justice of the United States. And I pray that God will grant me the patience, the wisdom and the fortitude to worthily follow in the footsteps of my illustrious predecessors in discharging the responsibilities of this high office. Judge Scalia, are you prepared to take the oath of office? I am, Chief Justice. With your approach, and if Mrs. Scalia will hold the Bible, place your left hand on the Bible, raising your right hand and feet after me, I, Antonine Scalia, do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. On which I am about to enter. So help me God. So help me God. My congratulations. Thank you. This is an occasion for thank yous. It's very easy to know where to begin. It's very hard to know where to end. I begin, of course, with President Reagan, who has chosen to think me worthy of this appointment, for which I'm very grateful and will do my best to live up to his confidence. I have to thank my wife, Maureen, who's an extraordinary woman and without whom I wouldn't be here, or if I were here it wouldn't have been as much fun along the way. And I have to thank a lot of other people going way back to teachers in public school, 13 in Queens, Xavier High School in Manhattan, up to my colleagues on the court on which I presently serve who are here today. In the course of my last tour of duty on the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, I have come to know in one way or another all of the current justices on the Supreme Court. I have an enormous respect for that institution and I have an enormous personal regard for each of them. I look forward to working with them in our common enterprise for many years to come. Thank you all very much. Mr. Chief Justice Berger, Mr. Chief Justice Rehnquist, members of the court and ladies and gentlemen, today we mark one of those moments of passage and renewal that has kept our republic alive and strong, as Lincoln called it, the last best hope of man on earth for all the years since its founding. One Chief Justice of our Supreme Court has stepped down and together with a new associate justice another has taken his place. As the Constitution requires, they've been nominated by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and they've taken the oath of office that is required by the Constitution itself. The oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States, let me God. In marking this moment of transition, let me first say on behalf of all Americans, how grateful we are to Chief Justice Berger. For 17 years on the Supreme Court and for 13 years before that on the D.C. Circuit, the Chief Justice's service to the nation has been a monument of integrity and of dedication to principle, and especially to the judiciary itself. But Mr. Chief Justice, we know your service isn't ending today. How appropriate it is that you will be guiding the bicentennial celebration of that Constitution that you have served with such distinction over the years.  Because of your work, Americans in all walks of life will come to have an even more profound knowledge of the rule of law and the sacred document upon which it rests. Your service as Chief Justice has been outstanding, the mark of your generosity that you have agreed to offer yourself for additional service to your country and the law. Our new Chief Justice is one of America's most brilliant jurists. From his days in law school, where he graduated first in his class, he has been recognized for his extraordinary legal insight. On the court he has distinguished himself through the brilliance of his reason and the clarity and the craftsmanship of his opinions. I nominated William Renquist because I believe he will be a Chief Justice of historic stature. Associate Justice Antonin Scalia is also a brilliant judge. He had a distinguished career as a lawyer and as a professor of law before joining the Court of Appeals now four years ago. There he became known for his integrity and independence and for the force of his intellect. Chief Justice Renquist and Justice Scalia, congratulations to both of you. With these two outstanding men taking their new positions, this is, as I said, a time of renewal in the great constitutional system that our forefathers gave us. A good time to reflect on the inspired wisdom we call our Constitution. A time to remember that the founding fathers gave careful thought to the role of the Supreme Court. In a small room in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787, they debated whether the justices should have life terms or not, whether they should be part of one or the other branches or not, and whether they should have the right to declare acts of the other branches of government unconstitutional or not. They settled on a judiciary that would be independent and strong, but one whose power would also, they believe, be confined within the boundaries of a written Constitution and laws. In the convention and during the debates on ratification, some said that there was a danger of the courts making laws rather than interpreting them. The framers of our Constitution believed, however, that the judiciary they envisioned would be the least dangerous branch of the government because, as Alexander Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, it had neither force nor will but merely judgment. The judicial branch interprets the laws while the power to make it execute those laws is balanced in the two elected branches. And this was one thing that Americans of all persuasions supported. Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, for example, disagreed on most of the great issues of their day, just as many have disagreed in ours. They helped begin our long tradition of loyal opposition, standing on opposite sides of almost every question, while still working together for the good of the country. And yet for all their differences, they both agreed as should be on the importance of judicial restraint. Our peculiar security, Jefferson warned, is in the possession of a written Constitution. And he made this appeal, let us not make it a blank paper by construction. Hamilton, Jefferson, and all the founding fathers recognized that the Constitution is the supreme and ultimate expression of the will of the American people. They saw that no one in office could remain above it if freedom were to survive through the ages. They understood that in the words of James Madison, if the sense in which the Constitution was accepted and ratified by the nation is not the guide to expounding it, there can be no security for a faithful exercise of its powers. The founding fathers were clear on this issue. For them the question involved in judicial restraint was not, as it is not, will we have liberal or conservative courts? They knew that the courts, like the Constitution itself, must not be liberal or conservative. The question was and is, will we have government by the people? And this is why the principle of judicial restraint has had an honored place in our tradition. Progressive as well as conservative judges have insisted on its importance. Justice Holmes, for example, and Justice Felix Frankfurter, who once said the highest exercise of judicial duty is to subordinate one's personal pools and one's private views to the law. Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Scalia have demonstrated in their opinions that they stand with Holmes and Frankfurter on this question. I nominated them with this principle very much in mind. And Chief Justice Berger, in his opinions, was also a champion of restraint. All three men understand that the founding fathers designed a system of checks and balances and of limited government because they knew that the great preserver of our freedoms would never be the courts or either of the other branches alone. It would always be the totality of our constitutional system and no one part getting the upper hand. And that's why the judiciary must be independent and that is why it also, it must exercise restraint. So our protection is in the constitutional system and one other place as well. Lincoln asked what constitutes the bulwark of our own liberty, and he answered it is in the love of liberty which God has planted in us. We the people are the ultimate defenders of freedom. We the people created the government and gave it its powers. And our love of liberty and our spiritual strength, our dedication to the Constitution are what in the end preserves our great nation and this great hope for all mankind. All of us as Americans are joined in a great common enterprise to write the story of freedom. The greatest adventure mankind has ever known and one we must pass on to our children and their children. Remembering that freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. The warning more than a century ago attributed to Daniel Webster remains as timeless as the document that he revered. Miracles do not cluster, he said. Hold on to the Constitution of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands. What has happened once in 6,000 years may never happen again. Hold on to your Constitution for if the American Constitution shall fall there will be anarchy throughout the world. Holding on to the Constitution this has been the service of Chief Justice Berger and the great nation honors him today. So too I can think of no two better public servants to continue that work than Justice Rehnquist and Justice Scalia. You both have our nation's heartfelt wishes for success and happiness. Thank you all for joining this important ceremony. I know that in a few moments our new Chief Justice and Associate Justice look forward to greeting each of you in the cross-hall. Thank you again.


Spencer, what would you say was just the defensive struggle for you guys, especially in that first quarter that allowed the Knicks to get off to that hot start? I think we try to drop defense, one that obviously we haven't practiced, which is understandable because this group hasn't really practiced at all. So no fault to like, you know, St. Coach or anything there, but trying to do that on the fly and then obviously JB got hot and as well as like the rest of their team from three. And we weren't able to close deficit after that. Jock mentioned that about trying new things tonight defensively and not having those practice times, those shoot around times. When you look at it overall, when you do get that, do you think that this team could take it to that next level on the defensive side and be disruptive? Knicks one of the best defensive players in the league as Armacale and Doe. You know, we got to get on the same page, you know, one through ten probably, because that's about what a rotation is. So, you know, we got to find a way to get on the same page and stop people. I mean, we scored 120, which is good enough for most nights, but you can't give up 140. You've only been here a few weeks, but you know, this was game 62 tonight, so there's only about a quarter of the season left. Is it the defense that's going to be the biggest thing that defines you guys in these 120 games? Is it something else that will also play a role in you guys just staying in the top six and whatnot? Yeah, 1,000%. It's going to have to be our defense, which so far hasn't been good enough in the last like five or so games, right?  And even when we switched to obviously blitzing to stop JB, which was pretty effective. He only had nine in the second half. Then we have to be better on our rotation, so we're not giving up the threes to Grimes and, you know, quickly and Randall and, you know, all that stuff. It's, you know, all the small things as well as the big things right now. But if we can learn to stop people, then we at least give ourselves a chance to win the game, kind of like with Philly, right? Like we lose 198 basically, right? So, like, you know, you had a chance to win that game, though. When you look overall and coming off of the Bucks and then with tonight and now you have the Celtics on Friday night, what positives can you take and what have you seen that as this team has taken that progression, that's going to be important in this last stretch? I mean, I think the positives will probably be the first half against the Bucks for sure, showing that we're capable of playing at the highest level with the best team in the league or one of the best teams in the league, right? Yeah, I mean, out of those two games, that would be probably the main and only positive. Yeah, we just got to have an intense detail on defense and understand that there are no excuses, right? Like, just because we're playing really good teams right now and we don't have time together or whatever else or back-to-backs or all that stuff. There's no time for issues, so we've got to, you know, make what we need to make happen. And Jock told us that you're one of the more vocal guys in this room. It's kind of that leader for this group, with everything and balancing everything overall. What's just the overall message for this group that, you know, you guys can take to push? Take to push? You know, keep firing. I mean, obviously, we understand the type of task in front of us and that's not going to be easy. But hopefully that galvanizes the group and brings us together, right? That's the time your attempting to accomplish the task that is a little bit daunting. You know, you're going to need everybody all hands on deck.


Rwy'n gwneud yn ystod y 3. Dwi'n meddwl y byddwn i'r gweithio'r bachau o'r byd. Gweithio'r bachau i'r gweithio a drwy'n gwneud o'r 5 o'r ddweud. Rwy'n meddwl i'r gweithio'r bachau i'r barullau i'r gweithio'r gweithio. Yn gyfnod, y gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. The normal hops, as it were. The instructions. Oh, hell's teeth! Wow!  A very hoppy smell. That's what it looks like. Bucket one. Wow, okay. Bucket two. Perhaps I won't stick my face in it this time. It looks horrible, but smells better, I would say. More of the hops that I sort of recognise from the beers. Okay, so. Bucket to barrel one. I sterilised these earlier. So it smells nice and clean. I've got my siphon. Okay, let's give it a go. To be honest, it doesn't taste that hoppy. It tastes flat, because it is. Tastes safe, that's what I would say. Starting this process off when you need the toilet wasn't the best idea. Barrel two. Barrel two. Definitely tangier, I would say. So I can pop the top on. I can put that back up here. And I've got two barrels of beer. I've been told I can taste throughout the time to see how it goes. So I was advised to test it. Test the barrels in a couple of days to see if the pressure is increasing. So I will be back and we will test it in a couple of days.


Feels like there's something I'm forgetting to do today. There's something going on some show people are talking about. Oh my god It's chainsaw man day ladies and gentlemen welcome back to channel my name is chef the buzzer. I should know be I finally have a purpose for this No, I got this in the embassy on stream forever ago. This thing's in it, right and then chainsaw man Isn't this like his dog or something? What's your name? What do I even put you kind of tuck him in next to me for the portion of this you chainsaws a little what are you a We have episode one of chainsaw man today called dog and chainsaw I'm assuming that's you again This is from the Amazon unboxing stream from the non-reaction channel who's sent in for chosen to be bought by me Oh, no a single thing about this show, but again, it's very hyped up a lot of people follow the manga obviously very closely I think that's why there's a lot of excitement surrounding it So we're just gonna hop right into it if you knew the channel drop us up and hit that big blue bell And let's get started with whatever this is. I Know they did it's like my mappa, right? So it's gonna be some like 3d CGI mixed in with Oh There's the dog just sleeping next to him. It is already very pretty a little a little grayscale kind of even the trees are kind of sad Maybe it's supposed to be kind of sad Buddy sold his eye Oh Dang all the pay people back Bro your ball didn't even make a dent in it Pochita, why is it why are his teeth sharp? Pochita come here.   Oh He's had this dog for a minute Yes, we have a group of four looks like a regular cut maybe five a regular cast six three six They're only four on the street at the beginning What he's prepping the bowling ball is what he's on a leash.  It's a banger song It's all that door that he approached the beating Yeah, he's been a he was a kid when he had the dog and the dog still is the exact same Damn very stylistic. I like it very clean. All right, so we're in for it's bothering me how the chainsaws not straight This is a tomato He sounds like busy server voice actor with Dengie Dengie and pochita Order Kate was a more than this ball Oh my oh my here we go shameless Dog is so cute Eighteen hundred Those tail is like a little triangle in the show A slice of bread. Oh, she does just a long for the ride the denji does his name and Pochita's a devil Waddle Hey Bro, no shot no shot For a hundred yen, that's not much right at all ah skamos them Oh his tail is a little triangle.  Well, he's just trauma dumping onto his dog That's his one dream does that's great So that's where that is Oh My gosh, did she had a rough white ball? Oh, this is where he met pochita He's an aggressive stray at first. Oh He was aggressive because he was show is so pretty goodness Oh Wait, is he a chainsaw man because he bit him This is a deal Well, she's like but she loves him now. They're gonna have him looking up at me He just used him started using pochita to pay back his debts He found a place for himself to fit in so they didn't kill him. Hey, what do you have to do?  He's just sticking his zombie army on him. I mean, this is a low-hanging fruit He was just stabbed.  Do you to cover your eyes? Oh my god, just left him there. They put him in the dumpster. Oh my god. Yeah, man, pochita It's so sad as he's dying. He's like I just wanted to have a normal life, man The blood it's saving him.  Oh Pochita takes over At first I was like, why is he talking to a dog? He's a dog, but it's a devil So I'm assuming devils can speak English, especially the zombie one He wants butch that'll live a normal life warm if he can Has he taken for his body though He's alive he's alive Wait, it's this little tail There is a purpose to you Oh, does he pull that to like turn into the chainsaw man, which the punch is already gone. He's just in him now We want more You always wanted more Grass always greener here goes the power up. Oh wait, no, that's not how this was supposed to happen wait for it The brain's like sticking off some of them. I hear it the chainsaw He's just designed it's wicked But why would a chainsaw man game go so hard though? Hey, you're talking about Mochino like that He's technically a devil now.  That's what he's going for They are controlled by him now. He's we're gonna be an actual like devil-devil hunter Little bit stronger now put the one on his forehead. It's so extra, but I love it. I have a normal life Technically the one he just killed was the guy he owed money to right Because he was like connected to him like he had sold his soul. He had made a deal Some big wigs some big Jesus.  Oh How good he'd know how did he know just to say hug me? Oh He took care of it Cool if I this is a good potential love interest She's beautiful Living the option where he lives So you're fed cuz he's a dog cuz he's out of pochita so but she does just gone now I He's enthralled but he's star-eyed at her. I know that look Right no post-credits scene there we have it episode one of the very highly anticipated Shane saw man I saw it first episode to say the least I already like the the dingy character a lot I mean he's not super fleshed out still a tiny bit generic. He's a simple guy He's got simple dreams, you know, but I like how we were already getting to the point of these these thought processes of white Why did I along for more when I was happy with just me and my dog when he's on the brink of death? You I feel like someone would think about those kinds of things like the minute things in life I guess it sort of set up this this world that we're in with devils and devil hunters It's something we've seen before in other shows, but I'm guessing it's gonna be expanded upon and kind of I guess Elaborate it on just more more details come out about how everything works to balance between things I guess the government's involvement with devil hunters as well I don't know but then the last like I said a solid solid first episode some actions some character development already a very cute dog Beautiful girl. What am I more good? You want but that being said that's been it for me I hope you guys did enjoy if you're new here to the channel I'm doing one piece and hunter hunter reactions right now as well I'm also starting the mha season six reactions. I'm always doing stuff here daily uploads every single day So drop us up if you knew and I'll catch you guys in the next one Please please


we should definitely avoid of course that they are being infected so what we normally do we put the patient in quarantine for 14 days prior to the administration of CAR-T cell that we test the patient extensively prior to the COVID-19, to the CAR-T cell therapy for COVID-19 infection of course we would never accept a patient for a CAR-T cell trial who has any signs of infection or any hints of a COVID-19 infection but I think with these precautions we are on the very safe side so I think we can do it even if there is COVID-19 still ongoing in most of our countries.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you how you can convert a lower case letter into uppercase letter. Before starting, you can note my information. You can subscribe my YouTube channel through this link that is youtube.com slash sanjaygupta underscore tech school. You can download my programming app, Techimus, which is available on Google Play. Now to implement this concept, I am going to write some code in C programming language. First time including a header file that is stdio.h, then main function. Inside main, I am declaring a character variable ch because I have to read a lower case alphabet from user. So for that purpose, I will be using this ch variable. Now printf. This printf will print a message entered lowercase letter that lowercase letter will be received by this ch variable with the help of person C. And this scanf statement will read that entered letter inside ch variable. Now I have to convert this lowercase letter into uppercase. So first understand the concept lowercase a will be converted into uppercase a. So lowercase a ask I value is 97 whereas uppercase a ask I value is 65. So I have to convert 97 into 65. So if I find out the difference between these two ask I values, so it is 32. You can subtract 97 and 65. So if you subtract 65 from 97 answer will be 32. Now I am going to use this concept in this program. So I am applying ch equals to ch minus 32. So if ch is containing a lowercase letter, its ask I value will be subtracted by 32 and the resultant ask I value will be assigned into ch again. Now I am going to print this ch variable. This printf will print new value of ch on console and this is printed with the help of this person C format specifier. So lowercase is converted into uppercase letter with the help of this ch equals to ch minus 32 and then it is it will be printed again on console using this printf statement. So I hope you have understood this logic. How I have converted uppercase letter into lowercase with the help of ask I values and this will be done automatically by the compiler. So I am removing these statements. Now I am executing this code. You can see it is asking for a letter. I am entering a as lowercase letter. You can see the result. It is printing capital A. So this is for a lowercase a to uppercase a conversion. Now if I want to convert lowercase B into uppercase B. So lowercase B ask I values 98 and uppercase B ask I value 66. Now again find out the difference. The difference is 32. So friends, the difference between lowercase letters and uppercase letters ask I value is 32. This is applicable for all the letters whether it is A, B, C or X, Y or Z. So whenever you want to convert a lowercase letter into uppercase letter, you have to subtract 32 from the ask I value. Now again, I am executing this code. This time I am entering Z small Z or lowercase letter Z. You can see the result uppercase Z is displayed on console. So now I hope you have understood this concept well that what is the importance of ask I values in conversion from lowercase letter to uppercase letter. So if you want to use this concept in your studies, you can now use this ask I value concept to convert lowercase letter into uppercase. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can follow this URL that is youtube.com. Thank you for watching this video.


Hey everyone, welcome back for more ExoZero's content. Today's video we're going to discuss the Hero Guide for FC Chatty, but before that if you want to see more ExoZero's content, please hit the subscribe button down below. I'm so glad to be back recording a video, it's been three days, I've been so busy with work, with school, and with other things. So we'll start with her hero profile. So she hails from the Nation Stories Republic. Her element is nature, her position is defense, and her attack type is physical. So stat wise for Chatty, for FC Chatty I'm sorry, I'm just getting used to her. She's all grown up, she's now a big cat. She has a big maze of a cat, so I'm just, I'm just not, haven't adjusted yet to how she looks like, but she looks good actually. She has above average HP, she has average defense, she has average hit, average dodge, and average block. So for her weakness, she has low attack, she has low, sorry, below average crit hit, and she has low attack speed. So if you can see with Chatty's stats, she's pretty much on the mid tier or average side in terms of stats. And she actually is okay with that because all you need for her is to have good defense and good HP for her to be, you know, be maximized in your team. So let's move on to her skills. So for Chatty's skills, she still has protect three. She also grants share health to ally with lowest maximum heal health and heals their A health by 30% of the caster's current health at the beginning of the round, so can't be removed. She is actually a good substitute for Garf in this regard because she also has shared health. So she can, she can actually function in the role of Garf. So she also has dragon knight blessing. So increased damage dealt to dragons with the dragon skill of order activated by 250%. So over time effect, she has decreased the enhanced dragon fang effect used by nature element dragon of order by 20%. So she's good with the holy, holy dragon grounds. And she has her new, her new passive, which is dimension leap. So mark, increase dodge for self by 40 and attack by 1000 when attack. All dimension leap marked for self are removed after a successful dodge stacks up to four times. I'm a bit distracted by what she's doing. So let's proceed to her S1. So if you can see her S1, the animation of her S1, so increases own maximum health by 40% for eight turns grants a buyer equal to 17% of own maximum health to all allies. So this is similar in terms of mana count versus her original form. So it's also three and it's called mighty chessy. The difference is just that what you call this, so increases on maximum health by 40%. Okay, so for this skill, there's an additional bonus of increasing 40% of max health. But the buyer that she gives is only 17% versus to a 40% with her original form. So you have to scale up her health for you to at least get the maximum effect for this one. At least you have the opportunity. That is why later I'll show you how to increase this one. So we'll move to her S2. So as you look at the animation, it's pretty much better than what we had before. She's all grown up. She has more moves and what a move she has. Her hammer, bigger damage. And speaking of bigger damage, she really does deal a bigger damage. Now her damage is at 375% damage to one enemy before it was at 187%. So I think it just doubled in terms of damage. And also the skill before her S2 dealt, sorry, had a status effect with sleep for four turns. Now it's a stun for six turns. This is also a four mana skill similar to her previous S2 for her regular form. I just want to touch a little bit on her unleash potential because for her S1, you need to enhance her HP. So all you have to do is first finish the stamina tree which gives you HP here. And here. And all the way down to give you this one. So reduces all allies' damage by 15%. It gives allies another 15% damage of what do you call this, damage reduction. And for the next tree, I suggest you go through the defense tree because the final one, unleash potential skills deals additional 60% of own defense when attacked. So increase her defense as well through this one, this one, and this one. So defense and also for the unleash potential over S1, it also is reliant on defense as well. Increase own defense for six turns by 50% of own defense. Okay. By the way guys, just a friendly reminder, for those who haven't subscribed yet to my channel, now is the best time to subscribe. I put out daily content, not really daily but mostly on a five day week content for you guys, for you to get updated content on XOZeros, please hit the subscribe button down below. Okay. So for Chinese playability, I would not really recommend her for PvP because her main duty is to give barriers and right now we have two of the most annoying heroes and very good heroes in the game, namely IRIS, FC Iris and FC Shell that removes barriers. So I won't recommend her for PvP. But for PvE, I would really recommend her, especially in Holy Dragon Grounds, the chapters, if you have a problem finishing the chapters, Uper's Lab is also a good place for her if you're looking to protect your heroes and also she's good in the core raid as well if you're also looking to protect your heroes. Okay, so for your recommended Garden Stones, I would highly recommend two sets. First is your nature set for your equip set effects, which gives her dodge of maximum plus 20. And when you awaken her with your nature set effect, you get a max of plus 2000 HP plus a dodge rate of plus 12. But I would highly recommend the second one, which is your fire set effect. So for your equip set effects, so she will have a total damage reduction of maximum of 20% and when she is awakened with fire set, you get a maximum of 5000 HP, which contributes a lot to her S1 skill. So again, it's up to you on how you want to build Chatty for this one. So for synergy with other heroes, Chatty is actually really, really good in protecting the back row and she actually has shared health to the lowest HP among your heroes. So again, she's good with low health heroes in which they're fast and usually have low health. So she synergizes well with heroes that give her additional health, like for example, Garf actually gives her additional health. So those will actually help her in giving bigger shields and also tank for herself. So for my overall rating, one being the lowest and five being the highest. So we'll start with her stats. So I would give her a 3.5 in terms of stats because although she has average stats, she's actually that she's just she just has average stats most of the time. She doesn't have really high stats. She only has one above average stat and it's actually doesn't it actually doesn't matter because all she needs to be, you know, she all the stat that she needs to be boosted is only HP and defense. Let's move on to her playability. So for playability in terms of content, I'll give her a 3.5 as well because number one, she's a liability in PvP, but on the flip side, you could actually use her in a lot of content in PvE. She's a very good support for PvE content, especially the dragon. So I've used her before and I haven't really, you know, set her up well because because I didn't like her, what do you call this, the limitations of her original form. But now I think you could you could you could give her a lot more, a lot more, what do you call this, a lot more chance in terms of using her with the dragon. As for Synergy, I would give her a 5 because she doesn't have any she doesn't she doesn't have any real limitations in terms of who you'll bring with her or who you will who will she join in terms of a team. You can put her in any team to maximize her. You put her in front, then forward the back so that she can cover all of the heroes in the back. So I'm sure she's better now with more improved stat and usually she actually goes last wherein she applies her barrier before the enemies turn. And now for my final thoughts, she's a very good defense hero. Again, she's a very good good substitute for Garf and to give what they call this to give barrier the back row and also for shared health.  For you to maximize her barrier, just increase her HP and also to maximize her increase and each potential you need to improve her defense as well. Shared health is actually important and very underrated in this game. So try to try to assign a lowest HP hero to her. Okay guys, this concludes my video. I'm so excited to create a video after three days. I've been so busy, but I promise I'll keep on bringing you good content here at Warden Mobile Gaming. You all stay safe and I'll see you in the next video. Warden out.


You can live in Washington DC and watch the news and read the newspapers, but you miss the personal stories and the sense of what's really going on until you get out and talk to sailors, talk to families to get an appreciation for what they're going through, and then have personal conversations about what's on their mind, what's their concerns, and it really gives us good flavor for what's going on in the fleet. We started over there, first of all, to do a command operations brief with Admiral Davidson and Sixth Fleet to really get a sense for the operations that our sailors are involved with around the region, and that was very helpful to me to see all the activity that's going on in this part of the world. In the junior enlisted side, we spent a lot of time talking about the new advancement profiles, the changes to the final multiple score that we're making starting this September cycle. Explain to them what went behind those decisions and to try to let them know that past not advanced scoring is not being thrown out. It's going to last for the next five cycles. That we're trying to wait performance more as the more senior you become in the service. When you think about the Navy operating forward and being ready to handle just about any mission, you look at all the crises that have occurred in this region of the world in the last year to two years with unrest throughout the Middle East and Egypt and Syria. Some of the conflicts that exist today in the Eastern Med, of course, up in the Black Sea, what's occurred with Ukraine and Crimea and Russia, Libya, hard to forget what's happened there in the last couple years. All the activities been going on here, and the sailors that have been carrying that mission forward have done an extraordinary job. So I'm really proud of what they've done and I wanted to be able to thank them personally, but also to get their feedback on what's on their minds as they look to the Navy in the future and how they think we can make it better for them in their service. Now the biggest challenge I think is not just for us in the Navy, but for all the services, and that's after 13 years of war, and those conflicts continue in many different forms. We're reading about it today, but the stress on the force for the operational tempo that's been out there for many, many years is turning from a recruiting environment to a retention environment. And what I mean by that is I think we're going to have more difficulty retaining the talent and the quality of sailors that we've had the benefit of for the last 13 years. One of the marquee issues the last couple years has been the whole attack on sexual assault in our Navy, and I think the Navy among the services has really done a great job of attacking it at the local command leadership level, at the chief's mess level, and making it a personal objective by every sailor to rid this crime from our Navy. We've got to get there, and I think we've done a good job, but we've still got a ways to go. The training's got to improve. We've got to take what we learned at boot camp and apply those lessons and bystander intervention and take them to the fleet to continue that continuum of training, ridding the lower end, the left side of the kill chain, as we like to say, of sexual harassment. I think those destructive behaviors, if we get at those, they lead to better behaviors in the fleet.  And so it's really learning and continuing to treat sailors, every sailor, with a great deal of respect, understanding and appreciation, appreciating the cultural differences, the backgrounds and experiences that sailors bring from all over the country, in fact, all over the world to our Navy, and learning from each other makes us stronger as a Navy.