Hello everyone, my name is Cameron Skidmore. I'm a global partner solutions architect here at Red Hat. I focus on our DevSecOps partners and how we can really create a robust ecosystem of partners alongside our OpenShift product. And I'm here to demo a little bit of the functionality around the Tigera and Red Hat RHPDS. So who is Tigera? Tigera is the provider of the Calico Enterprise based on the Calico OpenSource project, which is a solution for container networking and security. Tigera with Red Hat is a proven full stack solution, and it's available in production today at several Fortune 500 companies. So what is Calico Enterprise, the product that Tigera is offering? Well, it adds a lot of functionality on top of what would be most Kubernetes distributions, including OpenShift. So specifically with OpenShift in this demo, it provides hierarchical network policy. It allows network federation across multiple clouds, audit trails, continuous compliance capabilities. It also features monitoring with alerts for security violations, mainly for networking issues.  So at Red Hat, we have our partner ecosystem. And this is specifically our way of visualizing the security ecosystem and the DevSecOps framework that we use to illustrate the value of the partner ecosystem. And as you can see, we have Red Hat featured throughout this DevSecOps pipeline. But we also have Tigera in here as well. And though Red Hat OpenShift provides a lot of functionality within this pipeline, it also bears noting that Tigera adds a lot of value to it as well. When it comes to Tigera, you can see that they focus a lot on networking around network visualization and packet analysis. And all that is coded in green in this diagram. And I could go on into more details talking about it, but instead of that, I think I'd rather show you. So let's get a little taste of the demo.  So I just want to talk through the different functionality and what we're kind of indicating through these dashboards here past the initial setup of the cluster. So we have a few things going on right now. We have a listing of the news policies, the endpoints, things like that. And you have a lot of different customization ability of the visualization of the Calico Cloud dashboard. So we also have the service graph, which is showing all the different input endpoints rather across the entire cluster. You can filter this by namespace at the different layers of the network on the left. All of these are different aspects of the environment, whether they be containers, operators running the environment. Zooming out, you can kind of focus in your view. We wanted to go to the dev namespace, we would do that here. And then at the bottom there is a categorical list rather than the visual list above. Moving over to policies. There are a lot of different default denies that we set up in the part four of the lab, which would be part of the lab guide that you would work through. We go to the endpoints, endpoint details. And you see this massive list of all the different endpoints within the environment. And this is important for log generation as well as audits. All right, let's move over. You can see the managed clusters, compliance is very important as well. And I know I'm moving quick here, but here's activities, which is your best tool for auditing. And finally, Kibana. And though this functionality isn't set up yet for this particular cluster, you could definitely do that within the RHPDS demo to kind of show some more functionality around Kibana as well. But this is just a quick overview, so I'm not going to get into too much of that in this one. Finally, let's go up to the service graph and flow visualization. Again, flow visualization is explored in the lab as well. And we're going to be showing the functionality and how it changes over time within the lab. So we're going to be configuring things and the showing in these dashboards and tools in Tigera, how it's affected. We're filtering the different keys here within this, focusing in on the hipster shop specifically, we could view all the connections for that application. And really, this is just here to give you a really good overview of all the different connectivities within your environment. Namespace filtering is also available, as it is with most of these tools. Otherwise, a lot of this data would be kind of overwhelming. So these are really useful tools to use in your environment, especially as a network administrator or even a developer who's curious about the connectivity of your app. And that's pretty much it. The lab itself will have a lot of command line configurations as well. And again, we'll be representing all those different configuration changes within the different tools in the dashboard and kind of tracking things kind of intentionally break a few things and then also fix them and show how alerts go off. Hope this was useful. And I hope you enjoyed the lab.


Everyone, Sam here with late in sports cards. Three boxes for Brandon R, we got two. 23 top Star Wars Chrome Black and one 23 gold standard. So good luck buddy. You need Boris right there. Is he in there? Where does he play for? I thought he was... Paraco or whatever you call it. No, I thought he was Netherlands, because he was from Aruba. Like, same thing with Bogart. Well, I mean, these guys are... It's winter league, you can play. Oh, I guess that's true. You can be, there's literally... Then the 125, the Mandalorian. Like, they go down there and play. And the 50 is Cy Snoodles. We got A, Handmaiden, Agira. Oh, the base auto. Nice one there, Brandon, congrats. What? No. Newt Gunray. Padme Amidala. And then a Gold Eath Cawth. 25 of 50, nice one there. Oh, Cawth, I thought it was... Padu shared. Sleep. Nice one there as well. Congrats on that, Brandon. That is a Chad Parker. And then A, 23 gold standard. 23 gold standard, 2023 gold standard. Look, buddy. 23 gold standard. It is. In fact. What is it? It's 2023 gold standard, Jacob. 25. What's that? 25.  Car over, on you, Sean, over. The 49, Sam Laporta. Sean, over. Car. CO-75 is Nick Chubb. I don't see it, dude. I don't see it. Unreal. Tyler Algira, 83 out of 299. I'm at forecast and I hear it. Unreal. Congrats on that one, Brandon. We've got A, Nick Chubb. Gold mine to 299. That is a Kendra Miller. Rookie Jersey, autographed double. That'll have two patch windows. What are these things? Got a Jack Campbell. Six of 24, nice one there for the Lions.  Dorian Thompson, Robinson, 99 out of 199. That'll do it for your break there, Brandon. Thanks again for the sport, buddy. Get him right out to me.


In theory, we could all be celebrating, celebrating 10 years of essential work, celebrating all we have achieved together, all the harm that has been prevented, all the lives that have been spared, and all the safety protocols now in place. But when the goal is zero harm, celebrations can wait. Especially at this moment in time, after a worldwide pandemic has pushed the number of preventable deaths and injuries even higher, and has pushed healthcare workers to the limit. Yet dampening celebrations is one thing, dampening our resolve is another. Of course it's not a perfect world. A perfect world would not need us. Our work is more vital than ever. We can't do it alone. We never could. It takes all of us, patients, caregivers, and families working together, reaching across borders and disciplines, drawing from each other for the ideas, the innovations, and the energy needed to reach zero preventable deaths by 2030, leaning on each other the way we always have. Thank you.


Hello, my name is Ben Webster. I'm a trainer for the Linux Foundation and a course maintainer for the embedded Linux courses. This course is intended for experienced developers to introduce open source technologies which can be used to build product with embedded Linux. There will be introductions to cross-development tools, development board setup, kernel, bootloader, device tree, debugging, drivers, root file systems and many more topics. We're expecting attendees to be generally knowledgeable about embedded, know how to program and see, open to working from the command line because that's the way this work is done and have lots of general questions. Always be an instructor on hand, lots of hands-on exercises to practice the things we learn on emulated ARM hardware and of course lots of time for questions and answers. Thank you very much. Enroll today and improve your open source development skills.


Welcome to another episode of Cobb U. Today's episode is a special one because it marks the end of our journey through the engine. We've managed to follow air through the intake, into the combustion chamber, and now it's time for that spent air fuel mixture to leave its home. Now, ironically, the exhaust is the last component connected to our engine, but it's one of the first things an enthusiast might change when they get their car, because swapping components can change the sound, improve performance, and make the rear end of the car look a little better too. To get a better understanding of what's going on, let's take a look at the components that make up the exhaust system and how they all work together. Now, for the sake of today's demonstration, we'll be using components from a Subaru WRX STI, so some of the components may or may not apply to your application. Also, for those of you with naturally aspirated engines, the only difference is that the gases from the exhaust manifold are going to go directly into a catted section instead of a turbo. So keep that in mind as we go along.  The exhaust manifold connects to the head, and gases enter through the inlets here and here and exit through the outlet here. The up pipe connects to the turbine inlet of our turbo and is unique to some Subaru motors due to the location of the turbo in relation to the exhaust manifold. Next, we have a down pipe, which connects to the opposite side of the turbo and includes a catalytic converter. We also have a mid pipe, which can be resonated or non-resonated to help control the sound of the exhaust, and finally, a muffler and tail pipe to help control the volume of the exhaust or how loud it gets. When talking about exhausts, you're generally going to hear one of three setups, turbo back, cap back, and axle back. A turbo back refers to an exhaust that is modified from the turbo all the way back to the tail pipe. A cap back is only modified from the end of the catalytic converter back to the tail pipe, and an axle back is from the axle back to the tail pipe. Now that we know the components that make up our exhaust, how do they all work? After the combustion process, the exhaust gases make their way out of the exhaust manifold under pressure and either enter the turbo directly or, like in our Subaru motor, through an uppipe first and then the turbo. Once the exhaust gases pass through the turbine or hot side of the turbo, they enter the downpipe. Our downpipe has a catalytic converter, which reduces emissions that are a natural byproduct of the combustion cycle. After our exhaust gases have made it through that gauntlet, they're onto the home stretch. The exhaust gases then pass through a midpipe, which contain a resonator to help give your exhaust its signature sound. And last, they pass through the muffler, which helps control the volume of your exhaust and exit through the tailpipe. The exhaust system's components are pretty straightforward, but there's a lot of things to consider.  Which leads me to... It's easy to lose sight of those commandments from time to time, but when all is said and done, all we really need to do is exercise some common sense when choosing our exhaust components. Let's go over each of those commandments so we get a better understanding of what they really mean. A catalytic converter helps curb greenhouse gases. So if your car sees any time on the road, there's no reason that you should be running without one. It's a common misconception among some enthusiasts that any restriction to the exhaust is a bad one. And as a result, some people feel that they won't achieve their power goals if they run a high-flow catalytic converter, which nothing could be further from the truth. Anyone with some stainless, a welder, and fabrication skills can make an exhaust, but how's it gonna fit, sound, look, and even perform? When engineering the performance and sound characteristics of each exhaust system, there are countless tweaks and iterations that it goes through before it hits production phase. So slapping a few pipes together and calling it a day just isn't gonna cut it. We want the rear end of our car to look just as good as everything else, so we shouldn't cut corners when it comes to our exhaust system. Now, some people will just upgrade the rear section of their exhaust from the axle back. And this will upgrade looks and sound, but not much else. If you want to do more than just looks and sound, you're gonna need to upgrade the entire system. This is something we've discussed regarding the other components of the engine, and this is no different. Any time we're upgrading components to the exhaust, we need to take a step back and make sure we're running the proper tune to the ECU. Some modifications, like an upgraded cat-back, may not need to be accounted for in the calibration if it doesn't affect the tune in a significant way. While an upgraded downpipe with a high-flowing catalytic converter definitely needs a new tune. Not only to make sure that your car runs properly, but also to make sure that you're getting the most out of the modification you just performed. The commandments are meant to be followed, but each scenario is different. If you're unsure of how the commandments affect your car and its setup, you can contact a local Cobb pro-teener or call our customer support team. We'll get you headed in the right direction. Lastly, when doing this type of part install, you will generally use these kinds of tools. Ratchets, sockets, and extensions. Penetrating oil. And exhaust hanger pliers. And now it's time for the pro tip of the day. Riddle me this. What part of your exhaust system never comes in contact with exhaust gases? Answer? Exhaust hangers.  It's a commonly overlooked component, however, it's one that you should consider upgrading, especially if you plan on driving your car in a manner that has the exhaust moving around quite a bit. Like taking it to the racetrack or maybe your car has a ton of miles under its belt and the hangers are looking a bit toasty. They're inexpensive, easy to install, and they make a huge improvement when trying to keep the exhaust from swinging around underneath your car. Okay, one last thing before we go. We've talked about how a modified exhaust can change the sound. Well, crank up your speakers because we've got some examples of some really cool exhaust sounds. And with that, we complete our journey through the engine. And now we can start exploring other systems around the car, beginning with our next episode where we'll discuss engine cooling. Thanks for joining us and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel so you can check out future videos. I'm Emmy, your host for Cobb U. Remember, check out Cobbtuning.com for all your parts and tuning needs. Do you like the storage solutions featured in our studio? Then visit SonicToolsUSA.com to get more detailed product information.


This episode of Weird Darkness is dedicated to each and every doctor, nurse, and health worker putting his or her life at risk to save the lives of others. We thank you from the bottom of our hearts.  Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. Going back through the centuries and embedded within the folklore of a wide range of regions is the idea of a species of demon in female form which appears to seduce men and steal their life energy. Most commonly called the succubus, which comes from the Latin word succuba, meaning paramoor, these demons take on various appearances and are endowed with different powers depending on the tradition, but most generally follow the idea that they use sexual activity to target their prey, often in the realm of dreams, enticing and pulling the victims in to hold close and feed off of. Sex demons of this variety are represented in one form or another across geographical boundaries and religions including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, as well as the legends of myriad far-flung cultures. Considering that it is men we are talking about here, many of the legends describe the experience as rather enjoyable in the heat of the moment that is, but the aftermath often is said to bring exhaustion, stupor, hallucinations, insanity, and even death. But this must surely be just myths, right? Surely there can't be anything to the idea of sex-starved demons preying on men? Well, you might be surprised to know that there are numerous accounts throughout the centuries of supposed encounters with these demonic vixens. I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Welcome, weirdos. This is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved, and unexplained. If you're new here, welcome to the podcast and be sure to subscribe so you don't miss future episodes. If you're already a weirdo, please share the podcast with others. Doing so helps make it possible for me to keep doing the podcast. Coming up in this episode, you've crawled into bed, ready for a good night's sleep. You begin to nod off, but haven't completely fallen asleep yet. That's when you sense something in the room near your bed. Despite your fright, you can't cry out, run, or scream. The thing then climbs on top of you and suddenly you realize it's grotesque, but also alluring, female, seductive, and while you can't move, your body still responds to her intimate advances. You've just become the next victim of the succubus. While listening, be sure to check out the Weird Darkness website. At WeirdDarkness.com, you can sign up for the Weird Dark News email newsletter to win monthly prizes. Get Weird Darkness merchandise in the store, where 100% of the profits are donated to organizations that help those who struggle with depression. You can visit the Hope in the Darkness page to find help if you're struggling with depression or dark thoughts yourself. You can find paranormal and horror audiobooks I've narrated, watch old horror movies and horror hosts for free 24 hours a day, and find my email address and social media links on the contact page. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com. For those of you in the Weird Darkness Weirdos Facebook group who took tonight's poll, the fake story title was My Girlfriend is a Succubus, although it was a tough one, seeing as this entire episode is on that subject. While I already have a disclaimer at the beginning of each episode, I do feel it's necessary due to the topic at hand being a sexual one and the descriptions that I'll be using in order to tell the stories, even after cleaning them up a bit, that I give another warning. This episode is not appropriate, but the under-18 crowd in my opinion. Parental discretion is strongly advised.  Supposed encounters with real succubi go way back in time. A very early, supposedly real account comes from the 11th century, when Gerbert of Aralach, who became Pope Sylvester II from 993 to 1003, one day met a mysterious woman as a young man. The woman called herself Marudiana and offered him all of the sins of the flesh and lust-filled sex that he could ever want beyond his wildest dreams, as well as wealth, good fortune, and knowledge of the mystical arts if he would only stay faithful to her and her alone. Gerbert would purportedly agree to these terms and subsequently rose quickly up the ranks of the church, all while satisfying his every carnal desire with Marudiana, quite against his vows and all kept secret, of course. This went on until one day the woman predicted that Gerbert, who was by that time a pope, would die for his sins.  Whatever it was, it is widely said that this mysterious woman was a succubus. In the 17th century, we have the tale of a man named Johann's Junius, who was the Bergameister of Bomberg and convicted of witchcraft and burned at the stake in 1628.  The frightened man had then taken the name Cricks, a warlock name, and had even been provided with his own familiar, and from then on he became further and further hopelessly involved with the world of witches and their sabbots, attending black masses and often reported as riding about on a horrific flying black dog. Through all of this, he adamantly insisted that he had refused to sacrifice humans, despite being implored by his succubus lover to do so, but he paid for his ways nevertheless. It seems that the era was rife with accused witches blaming succubi for their actions because this account is similar to a 16th-century account recorded by author Nicholas Remy, who said that there had once been a sheepherder who had been accused of witchcraft and sentenced to die. Before he was burned, he too claimed that he had been seduced and corrupted by a succubus disguised as a milkmaid who had come to him in a dark time for him and twisted his mind and soul with her charms. In later centuries, there is an account from the 19th century when a popular French author named J.K. Heismans claimed that he had fallen under the spell of a succubus. At the time, he had purportedly been on a pilgrimage to a monastery. One night during his retreat, he apparently was visited in a dream by the foul demon who pleasure him right to the point of intense climax before he woke up to see her fading away right before his eyes. Thinking it all to be a dream, he was soon convinced it was real when he discovered the form of the woman indented into his bed next to him and could smell her scent in the air. He believed at the time that the succubus had spirited away his semen in order to use it to fertilize human women by the male form of the demon, the incubus. Reports like this have gone all the way into much more modern times, such as one in 2007 with a commenter on unexplained mysteries who says he was kept awake for three days straight by some seductive demonic force, after which things escalated quickly. He says, I felt something touch my hand, not physically but something deeper down to my soul, and it warmed me while I was lying in bed wondering what was going to happen to me. I was completely awake, but another post could describe the world I saw. I remember most of what happened so vividly. Her touch was perfect and her master in the art beyond my imagination. I couldn't see her, I just felt sensations on my body and talked with her in my mind. She bid me to take her to a quiet place where my parents wouldn't hear, so I went out to the car in the dark. Things further progressed sexually and my energies were absolutely phenomenal. She always did the perfect thing to keep me going. As things progressed, I could begin to see more of her. The one thing that caught my eyes the most were her eyes when I looked into them. I saw the stars and the heavens and thought of the atoms and matter that make each one, but all of that was still not enough to justify the eyes. They pointed me to another world and all of what I saw in them pointed to an innocent desire to make love. Her body was effervescent, it changed according to what would arouse me the most and I could not see her breasts or private parts they were numb to the eyes. It was her hair, body type, skin color, ethnicity, that all changed. She would morph seamlessly moment by moment. Another prominent feature of the experience was her scent. It was incredibly intoxicating, like a sort of indescribable flower with intimate features. It reminded me of everything that is good and beautiful in the world and it described what I saw in her eyes. All of her touch. It wasn't so much physical as it was much, much deeper. The whole nature of the experience was so innocent. I felt no guilt, no darkness, no lust whatsoever. The focus was on pleasing her and in turn she wished to please me. She would often giggle and I felt as though we were in the Garden of Eden making love for the first time in all creation and that God had given her such a magnificent gift of doing so. I didn't believe that but that's the closest way my mind could describe it. She brought me to a certain point where I felt I could go no further, never achieving climax yet during the experience. All of a sudden she broke down, crying, telling me that I would be going through a very hard time. Just then I saw a vision and felt presences around me. I was reminded of Christ at his experiences leading up to his crucifixion with visual hallucinations and I saw the spiritual side of what was happening to him. I asked her who she was and she didn't answer. I saw that she understood that she could not understand the pain that I had just witnessed. After six hours from her first touch she worked me to an incredible climax. In another report from 2010 a commenter on the same site says he was accosted by a succubus as he lay down to sleep one night. The witness says it was a night like any other. Before going to bed I usually meditate for 15 to 30 minutes. I do this to clear my mind so that I can get a good night's sleep. I had in the past tried to call a succubus but always with questionable results. Nothing that would convince me that something really came. At this particular night in February 2010 I had made no special preparations, no spells or rituals, just simple breath exercises and a blank mind. It happened suddenly and without forewarning. My chest tightened. I felt as if I was jolted by electricity, a sensation that started in my chest and spread out to my abdomen. The sensation was so strong that at first I thought I was fiercely hugged but I opened my eyes and saw nothing. I decided to lay down and relax. The next thing I felt was a gentle touch on both my legs which slid upwards, not just a breeze but a real touch. I could feel fingers below my pajamas. My legs parted and felt as if they were floating on air. The next thing I felt I could only describe as the most intense sexual feeling that I ever had. It was like a pulse vibrated throughout my own body, so strong that I actually moaned in ecstasy and it did not stop. The feeling of hands over my body, the erotic spasms and a pressure on my legs that felt as if someone was sitting on them. At the height of my pleasure, I actually saw a very hazy shape over me. Although I could not see a distinct form, I could feel that it was female in nature. I had often asked the question in the past what is your name and I would get all kinds of names in my head but I was always pretty sure that it was just my imagination. But when I asked that night, I got a clear name, so alien to the thoughts of my own mind that it was clear that it was not my own mind playing tricks. I remember going to bed at 10pm. The next thing I knew it was almost 2am. It felt like 10 minutes for me. This was my first real encounter with the succubus and I can say that my life forever changed after this first encounter. Were these just some randy and very naughty dreams or something more? In around the same time period was another report relayed on Reddit by a poster who says his mental and physical health had begun to take a turn for the worse. He was experiencing delusions of worthlessness and being driven to suicidal thoughts as a result and one evening during this dark time he says he had a rather odd encounter. He says, I was having a dream, semi-lucid or maybe just really vivid. An old friend was there, we or they were getting on a bus. For whatever reason, I focus on this lady who was trying to get on the bus, that's when I wake up. It's gross even to think about this entity, what I call the succubus, was trying to get back into my body. The dream triggered something or maybe the dream was a reflection of some subconscious action I took but the rikey weakened its grip on me and it was trying to get back in. Purely by instinct, I just concentrated on keeping this thing out and it was working and I just sat up in anger and this thing is cast away.  It wasn't much how it's portrayed in popular media for me though in the dream I guess it was disguised as a woman. Also it was a feminine entity, whatever that means. I could draw a pick but it was about the size of a big cat. It's silly but its lower body is how they portray a ghost I guess like caspers but its upper half was more humanoid.  The humanoid part always creeps me out because this thing was sentient and fairly intelligent but still behaved like a parasite. And worse it was attached in me for a long time, a humanoid like being. So this is what I think. I was more promiscuous back then so I think I caught it. I'm one of those sensitive types so I think that's why it was attracted to me. I think it was feeding on me for a long time and those leeches things were babies in a sort of way. It was all feed, reproduce, spread. I read online that these entities also feed on negative energies which is why it was driving me to kill myself like one of those parasites that affects ants and forces them to kill itself so it can feed, bloom and spread. It does seem to feed into the lure of the succubus with her feeding on negative energies and using sexual angles to do so. Is this a tall tale or what? In 2011 we have an account from a witness on the site Your Ghost Stories who says that this happened at his home in San Rafael, California. He had just broken up with his ex and he had been left alone in that empty apartment that they had once shared. One evening he says he was visited by something not holy of this earth, of which he says, I was just chilling in my room on Facebook when I felt a light tingling sensation on the back of my neck. I reached back and felt nothing there. I resumed what I was doing. About five minutes later I felt a hand closed gently on my shoulder. I felt secure. I closed my eyes. I heard a voice in my head saying that everything would get better. I asked if it really meant it. As soon as the words had come out of my mouth, it kissed the back of my neck and said that it would be there for me. I closed my computer and turned to face whoever it was. What I saw next only cannot be described with mere words. It was like a goddess and a demon in one. I was speechless. It led me to my bed and had me lie down. I did as I was told. She then proceeded to lie down next to me and curl up in my arms. I kissed her head.  You can probably imagine what happened next. I then woke up and she was still there next to me. She whispered in my ear that she would come back and reveal who she was when the time came. Since then I have not had any contact with her. In 2012 there is also a witness named Ethan on Thought Co. who says this happened as he was living in Bakersfield, California. He says that this bizarre encounter happened one day after he had returned from school and tried to get ready for the homework that lie ahead. He lay down for a moment and ended up crashing out, but this was not meant to last. According to the report, he fell asleep instantly but did not sleep soundly. He dreamt that an evil being was in his home and it was trying to get into his room. It finally broke in and as soon as it did Ethan jolted away with a ringing sound in his ears. Ethan felt the demon. It was on the wall behind his bed, holding Ethan's limbs down. It had something in his ears and his left ear began to vibrate violently. The strange sensation spread to his right ear as well. Ethan thought as best he could. He could not break free. He cursed at the being and tried to free his arms or legs. The demon only laughed at him, an eerie and horrific sound that was neither deep nor high pitched. The demon cried out, soon, and released Ethan. Ethan sat up rapidly leaping out of bed to turn on the lights, but when light flooded his bedroom there was nothing out of the ordinary. However, Ethan's dogs were acting abnormal, barking, leaping at the door and trying desperately to get to their owner. He went to the bathroom and was startled to see his reflection in the mirror. His eyes were bloodshot with the whites of the eyes completely red. Ethan realized he'd been visited by a succubus demon. Ethan remains terrified of the demon returning, but has not had another incident ever since. More true stories of those seduced by succubi when Weird Darkness returns. The town is standard. A small mid-western town where nothing ever happens. Quiet, peaceful, and tucked away among the cornfields and away from the dangers of the outside world. Unfortunately, there is nothing normal about standard. There has been an evil that has been awakened and now the residents are slowly going crazy. Men for no reason are coming home and murdering their families and dark forms are appearing in people's mirrors. The evil is spreading and now it's up to ex-Chicago cop Roboletto to find it. Time is running out and the neighbors are becoming quiet shadows as they watch him. He doesn't have long before it'll start to get into his mind and then he himself would be making that deadly trip home. Inside the Mirrors by Jason R. Davis, narrated by Weird Darkness host Darren Marlar, hear a free sample or purchase the title on the audiobooks page at WeirdDarkness.com. Often men report that their experiences with succubi are positive and enjoyable, but just as often they report that the pleasure had a thread of something evil running through it. According to succubus legends, sometimes these men come to bad ends after associating with demonic seductresses. Some men are not only willing marks of a succubus, they actually research, plan and summon the female demons. An anonymous online poster claims he prayed to Lilith to send a succubus to him and soon that is what happened. He describes her as slender, tall, with fair skin and flaming long red hair. He called her Alira and she stayed with the man for a number of days and nights. But after a while an evil presence also entered the man's life, pushing Alira out. How he interacted with her changed as well. Sometimes he could only see her in his head or hear her in his mind. Other times he would be out and about in public and suddenly she would appear to him. He speculated that perhaps that sort of activity was under the control of the more malevolent force. A purportedly true 16th century succubus encounter was recorded by author Nicholas Remy. Apparently a shepherd was hauled into court, tried and convicted of witchcraft. When asked how he came to be associated with witches, the young man claimed that sometime before he had been seduced by a succubus and she had most thoroughly corrupted him. The shepherd went on to say that at some time after his first encounter with a succubus, he fell in love with a milkmaid. He felt so tenderly toward her, but she wanted nothing to do with him. A rejection sent him into despair. One day he thought he saw his beloved milkmaid hiding behind a shrub. He was by her side in an instant, but she became frightened and pushed him away. Then she became extremely receptive to his advances. Encouraged the shepherd continued and the milkmaid made him promise to acknowledge her as his mistress and behaved to her as though she were God himself. Another anonymous internet poster was eager to tell of his own personal succubus experience. Though he was raised a Christian, he was also overcoming an addiction to explicit content. In other words, the timing and circumstances were ripe for a visit from a succubus. He says the experience began with the sensation of a gentle touch to his hand. At this point he was fully conscious but wondering what was going on. He claims he could not see the succubus but sensed her speaking to him. He also claimed he could smell its perfume. She continued to morph throughout the time he shared with her, transforming her hair color, her eyes, her body, even her ethnicity. Some experts argue that what humans perceive as an experience with a sensual demon is actually part of sleep paralysis. The inability to move and the sensation of being touched often go hand in hand. More and more people however are claiming that their experiences with succubi and or incubi are real. One man writing about his experiences even mentions a feeling of paralysis. He attributes it to the succubus that was hovering over him. He wrote that he was completely in her grip and could not move. She hovered over him, smiling. She asked him if he knew what succubi do and what they are for. Before he could reply, he described that her face turned demonic red and her beautiful teeth became fangs. She laughingly told him that succubi take the souls of their victims and that he would perish within three days. Then she disappeared. Apparently, the man survived at least long enough to write of his encounter and posted online. Lilith is an ancient yet still thriving archetype of a fallen woman. She takes many forms. Perhaps the most famous is Lilith, the Biblical Adam's first wife. Things didn't work out. She left him. That part is not in the Bible. But anyway, over the ensuing centuries of Judeo-Christian culture, Lilith evolved as the ultimate symbol for a succubi. Men across cultures and ages claim to have been visited by Lilith in the form of a succubus. Sometimes she is invoked or invited. Other times she sneaks in to unsuspecting males and takes what she wants from them. There are many more such reports and it leaves us asking a question. Are these just legends born of men being horny and having suggestive thoughts or dreams? Or is there something more to the whole succubus phenomenon? The main rational explanation for all of this is that it is legends based around a phenomenon known as sleep paralysis, in which we wake in a domain between sleep and wakefulness, where dreams can continue on and be perceived as being very real. Since we are kept in our paralytic sleep state, we can feel as if we cannot move, and the dream figure can take on many forms depending on what we expect to see. This explanation has been used to try to explain away everything from ghost sightings to alien abductions to, of course, succubi. Is that what we are dealing with here? Our sleepy mind playing tricks on us and invoking these illusions and hallucinations? Perhaps, in this case, flavored with sexual frustration? If you have ever woken up in the middle of the night, feeling as though you are being crushed by a demonic being, you may have just experienced what is called the Old Hag Syndrome. The feeling that something ominous or evil is in the room with you, be it an Old Hag, a demonic entity, an unseen stranger, or whatever. One step further is the succubus or incubus phenomenon, an attack by a female or male demon. At least that is what it feels like, that is what you believe is happening. But is it actually happening? Or could it be, as what the Old Hag Syndrome has also been classified as, simply a scary case of sleep paralysis? The succubus phenomenon is, in many ways, the quintessential nightmare. For centuries, the succubus demon has been said to haunt sleepers, inspiring tales in traditional folklore as well as works of art. Now, a new meta-analysis from the Netherlands suggests that this frightening phenomenon may be more common than previously thought, and that it should be taken more seriously by psychiatrists and psychologists who hear such accounts from their patients. The so-called attack usually occurs during an episode of sleep paralysis, a condition that is even more common than the incubus or succubus phenomenon according to the meta-analysis. Sleep paralysis is a result of the disassociation of sleep phases, said senior author Dr. Jan Dirk Blom, a professor of clinical psychopathology at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. The condition happens when a person is falling asleep or waking up. During sleep paralysis, two aspects of REM sleep or rapid eye movement sleep occur when a person is conscious. During REM sleep, which is the period when a person typically dreams, the body's muscles are relaxed to the level of paralysis, presumably to prevent the sleeper from acting out his or her dreams. But when sleep paralysis takes place, the person's mind wakes up. However, the person is still dreaming and the body is still paralyzed. Lying in bed in such a state of paralysis, the brain's threat-activated vigilance system kicks in and helps to create a compound hallucination of a creature sitting on the chest, Blom told Live Science.  The experience feels exceptionally real. In the meta-analysis published in the journal Frontiers and Psychiatry, the researchers looked at 13 studies of the incubus succubus phenomenon that included nearly 1,800 people. The different studies came from various countries including Canada, the United States, China, Japan, Italy and Mexico. The researchers found that over 1 in 10 people or 11% of the general population will experience the incubus succubus phenomenon in their lifetimes, Blom said. That means that there is an 11% chance for any given individual to experience this phenomenon at least once during their lives. But in certain groups, the odds of encountering an incubus or succubus are higher, among people with psychiatric disorders as well as among refugees and, somewhat surprisingly, students, the odds of experiencing the phenomenon are as high as 41%. The analysis also found that people sleeping on their backs are more likely to experience the phenomenon. Alcohol consumption and irregular sleeping patterns also make an incubus or succubus visit more probable. Though the frightening experience gets frequently dismissed as just a bad dream, Blom noted that the incubus succubus phenomenon can lead to additional problems including anxiety, difficulty sleeping due to fear and even delusional disorder and mental illness akin to schizophrenia. In the paper, the researchers speculated about a possible link between the incubus succubus phenomenon and sudden unexpected death syndrome, a situation in which a healthy person inexplicably dies in his or her sleep. People who have experienced the incubus succubus phenomenon often report a level of anxiety that is off the scale. Many of them have the feeling that they will actually die during an attack. Whether that ever happens is unknown. Even though for a person experiencing it, it is not hard to imagine that happening. The analysis also found that the form of the incubus or succubus figure and how people react to it can vary based on the person's cultural background. For example, patients with a Muslim background often say that they see the phenomenon as a proof that they are being haunted by a gin, an invisible spirit created by Allah out of smokeless fire. Sometimes, however, the incubus or succubus may take on a much more friendly and entertaining form. Blom once spoke to a healthy 15-year-old girl who had experienced the phenomenon. She found four miniature penguins dining at a table on her chest and had been thrilled and amused rather than scared. Cultural explanations that try to account for the terrifying experience of waking up feeling paralyzed don't stop with sex demons, old hags, and penguins at a dinner table, though. Combine the personal stories in the research and it shows how a single biological phenomenon can be interpreted differently by societies. The researchers, led by Jose F. R. Desa of the Jungian Institute of Bahá'í in Brazil, wrote in their review. The biological explanation of sleep paralysis is that two aspects of REM sleep, dreaming and paralysis, are occurring while a person is awake, said Brian Sharpless, an associate professor of clinical psychology at Argosy University in Washington, D.C., who was not involved with the review. Sleep paralysis occurs more often than most people think and it's more likely to occur when a person is waking up than during other parts of sleep, he said. During REM or rapid eye movement sleep, dreaming takes place and the brainstem paralyzes the body by inhibiting motor neurons, Sharpless told Live Science. But normally, dreaming and paralysis occur when people are unconscious, said Sharpless, who is also the author of Sleep Paralysis, Historical Psychological and Medical Perspectives Oxford University Press 2015. I've linked to that book in the essential web links section of the show notes.  This means that the dreams are technically hallucinations and they're just as vivid as anything you'd see when you're awake. In addition, the dreams can be multi-sensorial, meaning a person may not only see things but hear and in some cases feel them too. The sense of touch is often highlighted in explanations of sleep paralysis around the world. Many cultures refer to a weight on the chest. In certain parts of Brazil, for example, there are folkloric tales of a creature with long fingernails that lurks on people's rooftops during the night. The creature, called pisadera, comes into a person's house and tramples on the chests of those who sleep according to the review.  Among an ethnic group in Vietnam and Laos, a pressing spirit sits on sleeper's chests and tries to asphyxiate them the researchers found. The idea of a weight holding someone down is also reflected in the terminology used in Mexico to describe sleep paralysis according to the review. Translated from Spanish, the phrase means a dead body climbed on top of me. Some cultures use tales of spells cast by shamans or summoners to explain sleep paralysis. In Inuit culture, for example, people tell of shamans who can cast a spell when a person is sleeping, causing an experience that I won't try to pronounce during which a person can't move, talk or scream and is visited by a shapeless or faceless presence according to the review. And Japanese folklore refers to a summoner who calls upon a vengeful spirit to suffocate enemies through a phenomenon called the kanashibari, which is the state of being totally bound as if constrained by metal chains, the review found. In other cultures, ghosts or supernatural beings are the perpetrators. In a study of Cambodian refugees from the 1970s, researchers found that many patients referred to something which translated from the original language meaning the ghost that pushes you down. In Thailand, a ghost called Phi Am haunts people when they are half asleep and unable to move. And in some traditional Chinese cultures, it's not sleep paralysis that causes you to see the ghost. It's the ghost which is oppressing you, and that is what is causing your sleep paralysis. When Weird Darkness returns, do you smell something bad right before something terrible happens? That's the subject of my first message in the Chamber of Comments up next. You've bolted the doors, locked the windows, turned off the lights, and now all you need before listening to Weird Darkness is a mug of Weird Dark Roast Coffee to keep those ghostly chills at bay. Weird Dark Roast Coffee has deep notes of cocoa, caramel, and a touch of sinister sweetness. This is an exclusive coffee that I selected specifically for you, my Weirdo family.  Weird Dark Roast Coffee roasted to order by my new friends at Evansville Coffee available only through Roasters Marketplace. Find the link and grab a bag now for yourself at WeirdDarkness.com. Want to receive the commercial free version of Weird Darkness every day? For just $5 per month, you can become a patron at WeirdDarkness.com. As a patron, you get commercial free episodes of Weird Darkness every day, bonus audio, and you also receive chapters of audiobooks as I narrate them, even before the authors and publishers do. And depending on the level of your support, you also receive patron exclusive merchandise with the official Weirdo gesture skull design. A great way to start up a conversation about the podcast and show off your loyalty. But more than that, as a patron, you are also helping to reach people who are desperately hurting with depression and anxiety. You get the benefits of being a patron and you also benefit others who are hurting at the same time. Become a patron at WeirdDarkness.com. Here in the chamber of comments, I answer your emails, comments, podcast reviews, letters I get in the mail, and more. You can find all of my contact information, postal address, and social media links on the contact page at WeirdDarkness.com. While you are there, you can join the very active Weird Darkness Weirdos Facebook group and hang out with me and the rest of our Weirdo family. And you can drop me an email anytime at Darren at WeirdDarkness.com. One of our Facebook group members, Stephanie, she wrote this back in early December as a post in the group, but I just wanted to share it with you. She said, on one of the recent episodes, a Candice's email was read about smelling something bad or death on people before it happens. My daughter was just telling me about experiencing that.  She literally mentioned it the same 24 hours as the email. She thought everyone experienced it. Anyone else aware of that? This is the same daughter who, when she was very young, would complain of the people in her room who would be bugging her to help them. She would ask me to make the dead people go away. It lasted for some time and she didn't sleep alone for years until she had finally shut down that ability. I have people come to me in dreams that have passed to say goodbye, but I have never discussed it with her. I always put it down to wishful dreaming. And then there is another Facebook group member, Carol, who actually responded to that post. She said that she has this ability as well and she has had it her entire life. She is now 62. So this makes me wonder, are there any of you weirdos listening right now who have this ability? Do you get a strange smell just before something bad happens or before a death of a loved one occurs? If so, I would like to hear that story. Send it to Darren at WeirdDarkness.com and in the subject line, put It Smells Bad. Use that as your subject line. It smells bad. If we get enough of these, maybe I can put them together and make a single episode out of these stories. Again, send it to Darren at WeirdDarkness.com, Darren is D-A-R-R-E-N. Darren at WeirdDarkness.com and then for the subject line of that email, put in It Smells Bad. I got a YouTube comment from Rebecca S and she was commenting on an email that I read in yesterday's episode, The Demon of Theses. Here is what she said. My hypothesis on the question, can you draw a paranormal to you by listening or reading the paranormal? I have researched for 19 years and I have found studying demonology can bring them to you. Please do not study demonology. Love and God is the key to repel demons. I have no problems with researching the paranormal otherwise. Love and light, God bless you all. Well, thank you for the heads up, Rebecca. For me, I draw the line at involvement. I will read about a subject, maybe even study up on it, but I will not step over into the area of being a part of it or playing around in it. For example, you will never find me on a ghost hunt or participating in a seance, despite me telling ghost stories and reading up on true ghost tales to tell in the podcast. I have told numerous, supposedly true stories of people using Ouija boards or spirit boards, but you cannot pay me enough to try using one. So it sounds like for you, Rebecca, just reading and studying about demonology caused the switch to flip in your life. So I am guessing, like many things in life, just like our physical bodies, maybe our souls or our spirits have different reactions to external stimuli than others souls or spirits. Interesting. Got a podcast review from Fearless Nut saying, I enjoy weird and strange stories but particularly enjoy your podcast. You keep it interesting, weird and creepy, without lowering down to overly gruesome crass or crude. I am also impressed with your work with depression and mental illness, and I stick around through the end to hear you read the scripture. Many think that you can't be religious and listen or watch these types of shows, but I know it is possible. I am glad you have recognized that there may be some who seek out these types of shows who find themselves in a dark state of mind. I don't know if providing links and phone numbers for places to find help has helped anyone, but even if it is just one person, that's enough. Love the show. Thank you. Thank you for the review, Fearless Nut, and thank you for that positive attitude. I wish everybody was as mature as you. For example, I got a YouTube comment from Mentok 302 about the actual story, The Demon of Feces yesterday. He said, I am Sturculius, the Roman god of feces. You have desecrated my temple. Now you must fuel the blunt of my wrath in search fart noises here. I got an email from Robert B. He said, Good evening, sir. I hope your Christmas was wonderful. Well, it was Robert. Thank you. He continues on. He said, I do not know where to begin. I do know you are a lifesaver to me. Your podcasts have given me focus in a world of unfocus. I am not sure of depression, however, I have been deployed five times. Somehow you reach people like me. Thank you.  The best thing about you is your Christianity. Just wanted to say thank you. VA does not help at all. Thank you, Mr. Marlar. Well, thank you, Robert. Not just for the kind email, but also for your service. I appreciate that. And I feel honored that a veteran finds focus from listening to the podcast. I don't think I've ever heard that before. I love that. Maybe we can get the folks over at the VA to listen so they can find a little focus, because they could definitely use some. I'm sure they have some good people working over there, but man, I've got some people that I'm close to that deal with the VA. I have heard the nightmare stories. It is just, it's awful over there the way the bureaucracy is. I do hope things improve for you over there, and in the meantime, I'm glad that I can keep you company. Got a YouTube comment from Joyce Cook commenting on the episode, Are Shadow People Demonic Entities? She said, It's interesting. Back in the 70s, when we were experiencing poltergeist activity in our home, we all had dreams of shadow people in our main hallway. We never saw them in waking, but they were in our dreams. During the poltergeist events, many physical activities happened in the home. The shadow people dreams were all the same, them trying to drag one into their realm. They put out a feeling of doom and extreme sadness. Back in the 70s, I had never heard of shadow people. It wasn't until Art Bell came along, I heard about them, and I brought memories back of the shadow people in the hall of our home. Well, thank you for the comment, Joyce. I think you might be victim to the shadow person curse. I mentioned it in yesterday's episode in the chamber as well, I think. Some paranormal beings are known to show themselves after they are spoken of or heard about for the first time. Some people, many people actually, have reported having encounters with shadow people, the hat man, black-eyed kids, for the very first time only after hearing about them first on the radio, or on the podcast, or wherever. They didn't have any issues before then, had never experienced them, but once knowledge of them existed, suddenly, boom, they manifested. Yours manifested in your dreams. That's a new one, but you never know. I have to wonder if maybe that's what happened to you after listening to Art Bell. I got an email from Sad Grandma in Georgia saying, Darren, I've been listening to your podcasts for about two years and I absolutely love them. I've suffered with depression since I was a teen and I'm in my late 40s now. My youngest son was diagnosed as bipolar about a year ago and my grandson, who is only two months old, has already had one open heart surgery and spent more time in the hospital than he has at home. He has another open heart surgery scheduled for March. Right now, I can't work because of all the doctor appointments and therapist appointments for both my son and grandson. My mother has severe mobility issues and to be honest, I am drowning in the stress. I worked really hard for many years to come out of a dark place and I never want to go back. Could you please keep my family in your prayers as this is a very hard time for us. I love the fact that you quote scripture and all the work you do for depression. Keep up the good work. Warm regards, Sad Grandma in Georgia. Goodness gracious, Grandma.  As if it's not bad enough that we're dealing with the economy and the COVID. I am so sorry to hear about your grandson's heart issues. Let's hope and pray that those are fixed early so he doesn't even have memory of those surgeries when he grows up big and strong. I know you're already praying for that, but I've already prayed for God's will in that as well when I first read your email, but I'm also asking as I read your letter in tonight's Chamber of Comments, I'm hoping that the weirdos in Christ will also be praying the same upon hearing of your grandson's heart surgeries.   And I know that's happening to you right now. May God bring you the peace and comfort that He is known for, the peace that passes all human understanding. And may He make His presence known right there where you are, that He is in control and that nothing is too big or too hard for Him to handle. Matthew 11 verse 28, it's the first Bible verse that I ever memorized and quite frankly, as lazy as I am, it's one of the only Bible verses that I ever memorized, but I think it fits here. Matthew 11, 28, come to me all you who are weary and burdened and I will give you rest.  I hope and pray your 2021 is blessed beyond measure. And I'll end with a YouTube comment from Andrew Higgins. Sherlock Holmes and Jack the Ripper were the same person. That's it, that's what he said. Seeing as Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character, Andrew. I'm assuming that your post is a joke. Or do you think Sherlock Holmes was a real person? Because if so, then you might want to log into Wikipedia. Just saying. I've included all the previous episodes that people did mention in the Chamber of Comments in the essential web links section of the show notes so that you can find them more easily. I'll answer more of your emails, comments and letters next time. Again, you can find all of my social media and contact information on the contact page of the website or you can drop me an email anytime, darren, d-a-r-r-e-n at WeirdDarkness.com. Thanks for listening. If you want to help the podcast, be sure to subscribe if you haven't already done so and leave a review of the show in the podcast app you listen from. But more important than anything, please share the podcast. Tell someone about it.  You can also vote for Weird Darkness in the Hot 50 Countdown in Podcast Magazine. You can vote every day I upload an episode. Click the Hot 50 link in the show notes to vote or visit WeirdDarkness.com and click on Vote. And by the way, thank you for voting. We just found out that in January we bumped up a few notches and now we are at number 8, so thank you for that. While you are on our website be sure to also check out the Weird Darkness store where all profits I receive are donated to organizations that help those who battle depression. You can find resources to build hope in your own life and battle depression 24 hours a day on the Hope in the Darkness page. Sign up for the newsletter and get registered for my monthly giveaways and a whole lot more. It's all at WeirdDarkness.com. Do you have a dark tale to tell of your own? Fact or fiction, click on Tell Your Story on the website and I might use it in a future episode. All stories in Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. Sex and the Single Succubus was written by Brent Swanson for Mysterious Universe. Scary stories of seductive succubi is by Sheryl Adams Richkoff for Graveyard Shift. And is a succubus just sleep paralysis was written by Teresa Paltrova for Live Science and Stephen Wagner for Live About. Weird Darkness is a production of Marlar House Productions. Copyright Weird Darkness 2020. And now that we are coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. 2 Timothy 1, verse 7. For God did not give us a spirit of timidity, but a spirit of power, of love and of self-discipline. And a final thought from Coco Chanel. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness.


You're watching FJTN, the Federal Judicial Television Network. Welcome. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. said, a page of history is worth a volume of logic. And that is certainly true about the institutions of federal court governance. They evolved in response to changing conditions and changing perceptions of the needs of the courts. What follows is a short description of that evolution. To learn more about how these institutions evolved, start with two center publications, creating the federal judicial system and origins of the elements of federal court governance. If they're not in your office, visit the Federal Judicial History website on the center's homepage. In addition to those publications, the history website contains reference information about the history of the federal courts and the judges who have served on them since 1789. Thank you for watching. The circuits are as old as the federal judicial system. But for the first hundred years, the circuit served a purpose different from that it serves today. Today, the circuit is a unit of federal court governance. But from 1789 until 1891, when the Courts of Appeals were created, the circuit was the means for assigning duties to Supreme Court justices. Justices in those days had two jobs, as judges of the Supreme Court and as judges of the major trial courts, called circuit courts, which met in each district in the circuit. The judges were the resident district judge in a traveling Supreme Court justice. The Judiciary Act of 1789 created three circuits, the Eastern, Middle and Southern, each with two to five districts. The Supreme Court had six justices and two were assigned to each circuit. As the country expanded, Congress added circuits, assigned one justice to each circuit and increased the number of justices as it added circuits to serve a growing nation. By 1863, the Supreme Court had ten justices to serve ten circuits. Only the second circuit had the same configuration it has today. As the nation continued westward, Congress decided that it could not keep enlarging the Supreme Court. So it fixed the size of the Supreme Court at nine, same as today, and the number of circuits at nine. As the map shows, in 1866, the circuits looked roughly as they do today. Since then, Congress has created only two more regional circuits, the 10th in 1929 and the 11th in 1980, and in 1982 it created the Federal Circuit. In short, the circuits today, with varying sizes and reflecting regional traditions, are a product of historical evolution and changing needs. The same is true when we look at circuit councils. Congress created them in 1939, but to understand the events leading up to their creation, we begin with the 1891 statute creating the Courts of Appeals. Until 1891, the Federal Judiciary had two trial courts, District and Circuit, and one appeals court, the Supreme Court. After the Civil War, as the country's economy expanded, more and more cases flooded into the district courts and the circuit courts. And, unlike today, the Supreme Court had to hear all the cases appealed to it. So the court fell far behind in its work. In response, Congress passed the Everett's Act in 1891, named after its chief sponsor, Senator William Everett of New York. The Everett's Act created in each circuit three judge court of appeals to hear appeals from the district courts. The circuit courts were gradually eliminated, leaving the district courts as the only federal trial court. By creating a court of appeals in each circuit, the Everett's Act produced two changes. First, it created more appellate capacity, system-wide, allowing the Supreme Court gradually to become the source of national judicial policy it is today. Second, by creating courts of appeals in each circuit, a judicial hierarchy, it laid the basis for today's circuit governance system. Until 1891, the only institution that linked the federal judges in a circuit to one another were the Supreme Court Justices, and, after 1869, a single circuit judge in each circuit, who still visited the various districts to preside over trials in the circuit courts. After 1891, each circuit had a court with circuit-wide jurisdiction, and that court became the basis for circuit-wide administration. Enter William Howard Taft of Ohio. Taft had been the senior circuit judge, today we would say the chief judge, of the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He went on to become Secretary of War, then President of the United States in 1909. After losing his bid for reelection, Taft joined the Yale Law School faculty, and went around the country speaking to bar groups about reforming the federal courts. When President Harding appointed him Chief Justice in 1921, Taft set about to put his plans into action by persuading Congress to create the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, today's judicial conference of the United States. After its meeting in 1923, the conference members called on the president at the White House. The basic business of the conference at its annual meeting was for each senior circuit judge to describe the state of the dockets in his circuit's district courts, based on reports from the senior district judges. With that information, the conference would develop plans for temporary assignment of judges, other recommendations, and legislative proposals. In other words, as a member of the conference, each Chief Circuit Judge, like Chief Judge John Parker of the Fourth Circuit, had to keep tabs on the district courts in the circuit. Administration of the federal judiciary was taking shape. The conference was in place, and each court of appeals, led by the Chief Judge or Senior Circuit Judge, not only decided appeals from the district court, but oversaw the state of district court dockets. The Justice Department was the federal court's budget and personnel manager playing the role the administrative office plays now. In the 1930s, the conference of senior circuit judges, shown here with Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, pressed for a law to get the Justice Department out of the court's administration and create formal administrative structures within the circuits. The result was the Administrative Office Act of 1939. The Act did three things. First, it created a judicial council in each circuit in order, quoting now from the Act, that the work of the district courts shall be effectively and expeditiously transacted. The council members were the members of the court of appeals, formalizing the practice of appellate supervision that had developed. The councils would get the information they needed to supervise district court caseloads from the statistical reports of the newly created administrative office of the U.S. courts. Second, the 1939 Act created the administrative office to assume the Department of Justice's responsibilities for administering the judicial budget and personnel system. The administrative office was defunction, said Congress, under the direction and supervision of the conference. Some thought the Supreme Court should supervise the AO. No, said Chief Justice Hughes, better that the Supreme Court not get involved in administering the courts and that the AO be supervised by the conference, whose courts it would serve. Third, the law directed each circuit chief judge to convene an annual conference of judges and lawyers to devise means of improving judicial administration in the circuit. So in 1939, the structure of federal judicial administration took on a different look. The AO supplanted the Justice Department as the administrator of the courts. The conference acquired actual power through its supervision and direction of the administrative office. The responsibility for ensuring the effective administration of justice in each of the circuits was vested in the judicial councils. In annual circuit conferences could focus bench bar attention on judicial improvement. A lot has changed since 1939, in addition to the nomenclature. District judges are now members of the judicial conference and the circuit councils. The AO has been assigned greatly expanded responsibilities. In 1967, Congress created the Federal Judicial Center for Third Branch Education and Research. In 1972, it authorized the Chief Justice to appoint an administrative assistance, a recognition of the important administrative roles of the Chief Justice. Finally, in 1971, Congress authorized the councils to appoint circuit executives. Although Chief Justice Hughes had proposed circuit executives when the councils were created, the immediate impetus for the circuit executive office was the heavy increases in appellate case loads in the 1960s. From 1930 to 1960, appellate filings stayed roughly at the same level. But in the six years, from 1960 to 1966, filings nearly doubled. The 7,200 filings in 1966 were tiny compared to today's filings of some 50,000. But that sudden growth spurred in the 1960s and the realization it would continue led to many studies about how to enable the courts of appeals to handle their workload without a massive increase in judges. In this period emerged the idea of screening cases in order to reduce oral argument in limiting published opinions. Another idea emerged from a report prepared for the Judicial Conference in 1967 by retired AO Deputy Director Will Schaffroth, the idea of administrative assistance for the Chief Circuit judges of the busiest circuits, because these judges were spending up to half their time on administrative matters. In 1968, Chief Justice Earl Warren submitted that recommendation and added that the need for assistance goes beyond the court of appeals. The circuit councils, he argued, with their complex managerial tasks must have the eyes, ears and expertise of management, which the expanding workloads of the circuits demand. When Warren Burger became Chief Justice in 1969, he endorsed the proposal. We must, he insisted, literally create the core of court administrators or court managers, and we must do so at once. In early 1971, Congress enacted a bill proposed by the Judicial Conference, authorizing the circuit councils to appoint circuit executives and setting out the range of duties they could perform. Our chart of federal judicial administration has become even more complex, with the addition at the national level of the FJC in 1967 and the position of administrative assistant to the Chief Justice in 1972. At the circuit level, the councils have changed in composition and gained staff assistance of circuit executives. The circuit conferences, however, are now optional affairs, both as to whether they should be held and whether judges must attend them. And finally, we should note that the district courts themselves have become sophisticated administrative operations. The federal courts today are organized and largely governed through circuits, which were created originally to assign trial court duties to Supreme Court justices. The Judicial Conference and circuit councils share governance authority because of efforts in the first half of the century to balance national and regional administration. The administrative office staffs the conference and provides administrative assistance to the courts, and the judicial center provides education and research. The circuit executives staff the councils stemming from the appellate revolution of the 1960s and the transformation of the idea of administrative assistance to Chief Judges to staff assistance to the councils. We certainly have not reached the end of the evolution of the federal court's administrative system. In fact, some aspects of the administrative system today may surely seem as strange to our descendants as some aspects of the administrative system of earlier years seem to us. The important point is, however, that responding to changing needs and conditions, these institutions will continue to evolve.


Clevinger's pitching against the Nationals. Two teams not playing for much, but Cleves playing for complete game shutout. It's the bottom of the ninth. There's the first out, Grounder to Tim Anderson. Two more outs, he completes the complete game shutout. You never watch Clevinger pitch. It'll make you a little crazy.  Just kind of a lot going on before every pitch. One, two, fouled up. There's the second out he was looking for. Boom, got it. One more out, complete game shutout. Up steps, Dom Smith. Slugger looks over to the right, leans back. Rocks, okay, first pitch. Fastball, top of the zone. Strike one, okay, 0-1, two strikes to go. Next pitch, change up, doesn't chase. Good take, then fastball again. Ooh, Clev wanted it, but so did Dom. He's like, mm, mm, mm. Straighten that one out. I think I got some. One strike away from completing the complete game shutout for Clevinger, ants in his pants. One, two, pitch. Fastball top of the zone again, but this time in the middle and Dom smooth, crushes it and sends it into the outfield. Complete game shutout, no way, no way. Not with that pitch. Oh, got all of it. And watches it, celebrates it. Maybe had a frustrating day. Felt good to end it on a good note. Little bat flip, stares at his teammate, says, hey, our season might be over, but that was fun.  And in his post game, Clev said that he thought Dom Smith was mocking him because Clevinger was covering his face like that when his pitching coach was looking at him because he didn't want to come out of the game. So Clev thought he was mocking him and maybe he was, I have no idea. And then he says, nice one. Nice pimp. Yeah, but unfortunately, check that out. I've been dominating you guys. What? What? What? What? He wants to know what he said. What?   Okay, oh, don't play. Oh, I don't want to play. Don't play with me. Oh, oh, over the limit.  He's upset. Smith is upset that Clevinger was upset.  Ah, hey, let's go. You want to chat? Let's meet up out there. Let's meet up. Come on. In the hallway. Outside the clubhouse. Granddad was like, what happened? What was that all about? He still has to get one out to complete the complete game but he no shutout no longer. Smith got him. First pitch, fastball. Second pitch, cutter, O2. Next pitch, doesn't chase on the slider. Full arsenal, then he chased on the slider there. Complete game, one earned run for Clevinger and Smith's not done yelling at him. He's still, Smith is still upset that Clevinger was upset. And he says, cry, baby. Go home. Cry about it now, huh? Cry home. Cry home. Yeah. And that's the story about when two teams on losing seasons got mad because the other one got mad and then they got mad, a perpetual madness cycle. Look at this guy. He's upset. He's mad at the bottom right. Mad. Top left. Mad. Everyone in this photo is mad.


The idea for the project, for the Public Works project, was to try to think together in a critical manner, as we do in any university, about a question, largely, broadly the climate question. We have felt here at the Buell Center that it has been our responsibility to model and to frame these kinds of questions and their consequences in this case for teaching and for learning about the built environment. One of the exciting things about this studio has been that students are simultaneously designing a building proposal and also a policy that will make that building proposal possible and really scale up the prototype of the building. And this is one way that we're addressing the Green New Deal and the United States and policy by saying what are the kind of laws and regulations that can be created that will allow us to have a huge impact, that will allow buildings to not just be one-offs, but to have a big scale and big effect. The Green New Deal has already been incredibly polarized by the current political climate that we're in now, but the reality is when we started to look at what the actual components of a Green New Deal and a reinvestment in ecological infrastructure and social infrastructure and housing and mobility and so on, these aspects, regardless of any political party, would be truly transformational and are really what is needed in these small towns and cities that have experienced a long-term kind of chronic disinvestment. In dealing with something as urgent as the Green New Deal, we were forced to think one in terms of urgency and two in terms of realism and those are the most important finds of the studio. How can we actually now, architects, invent new situations, propose different ways, alternative ways to deal with reality, but in a way that actually those ideas could be realistically improved? I think that this as an initiative and a project is both a sort of combination of the efforts that have been going on at the school for the past five years, but also a sort of turning point and a new beginning. Moving forward, we are going to intensify even further learning from this experience.


How do you pick a caching strategy and how does that work for a real website? I'm Sam Dutton and in this video I'll show you how to implement caching for a site that relies on user-generated content such as a blog or social site. Do you remember the PWA principles? Web experiences should be fast, integrated, reliable and engaging. So let's look at a real-world example. A social media app with user content such as an image feed. Static resources like our app shell can be pre-cached since we know what these resources are ahead of time and they're required for most of our app. The code shown here gives a name for our cache and an array of resources that we intend to cache. For an app shell, this could be index.html, core, CSS, logos, even core JavaScript and other assets. Next we use the cache API to cache all those app shell resources during the service worker's install event which is fired one time only when the service worker first executes. Caching during the install event ensures that the service worker will have access to all the files the app expects to use because if any of the files fails to cache, the add-all promise will reject and the service worker won't install. Just a quick aside here. To conserve resources, service workers terminate into an idle state when they aren't in use. Now because of this potential for termination, we wrap the cache API code in the wait until method. The wait until method ensures that our service worker doesn't preemptively terminate while waiting for the asynchronous caching logic. For dynamic resources like images, we could consider runtime caching, but for a social media app there are going to be way too many resources and the amount of files we'd have to cache will grow out of control. Now we could try to implement a caching strategy that limits the number of files, removing old or outdated ones, but that's quickly going to get complex and error prone. So let's try something else. Instead we can use Workbox, which we should probably be using for all of our service worker code anyways. Now Workbox is a fantastic library that abstracts common service worker use cases and covers edge cases that we might otherwise miss. We start by importing the library in our service worker from a CDN. Then we establish a route for all our image files. Next, we configure a cache-first strategy that will pull images from the cache before going to the network. Other strategies are also available and it really depends on your use case, what you choose. So we call this cache images. And finally, we can configure the cache to only hold 60 images, automatically removing old ones for new ones so that the cache never overfills. We can also set cached images to expire, in this case after 30 days. Now, what about something like favorited images or articles? For example, if clicking the heart icon saves user content offline. In this case, we'd want to implement a cache on interaction strategy. Here we have a listener for our posts, which will cache a post's image when the user clicks it. Alternatively, if we had a blog on news site and our content was articles, we could grab all the resources for a favorited article and cache them all. Now, assuming that our data comes from a JSON endpoint, we could just cache the JSON file response. We could implement whatever caching strategy was appropriate. In a store app, maybe that could be network-first, getting the most up-to-date prices by default, but still showing users old prices if they're offline. Now, this works okay for read-only data like prices and is probably the simplest solution, assuming, of course, that it's not a problem to show old prices. But what about data that changes? What about data that's edited by the user, such as in a social media app or messaging app? If we want to persist the data, we'd need to recache the JSON on every change. This could get really unwieldy for client-side changes. We'd need to create a JSON response manually to update the cached data file. And that's pretty tricky. We tried it, and it took a while to figure out what we were doing, and it got pretty buggy. A better option for dynamic data is to use client-side data storage. Indexed DB is a scalable, no SQL object store built into the browser. It allows you to store just about anything, not of any JavaScript data type, in the user's browser. In addition to the usual create, read, update, and delete actions, indexed DB also supports transactions and indexes. Because indexed DB is not relational, it doesn't support complex queries. However, responses are very fast. This code creates a messages object store in indexed DB. And in this code sample, you can see how we could add a user's posts to the object store. In this case, we opened the database we just created, offline BD, and beginner transaction. The transaction will occur on the posts object store and be a read-write transaction, meaning that we can both read and write in this case. Then we get access to the messages data store and add a new messages object to it. In this case, a message of, yay, happy from David. Once finished, we complete the transaction. So there you have it, the experimental user-generated content. Thanks for watching, and be sure to check out the other videos in this series that cover caching for other types of content.


What's going on everybody got Callum shone here and late in sports cards. We are ripping 2023 satan club baseball This is the compact version eight box break number five random team style We did a randomizer for the break guys show you again What song with the Yankees down to William s with the Reds? Good luck guys. Let's see what we got here been a lot of fun with these compacts, man. I've been liking them Need a bear knuckle penini products. Okay Let's see that I can see that Is there like a is there like a guy who's like the number one I haven't ever I've never really watched Is there like a main league? I guess there would be Two thoughts. Oh, man Some two throughout the relics game use teeth. Good luck here guys. Let's see a super Come on Tristan Mackenzie Yeah, yeah Frank Thomas on the stadium club chrome chrome insert and Ty Cobb red foil It's high cop. Yeah, Sean's a Sean's a dodger guy. I had me have me put Shohei on the On the thumbnail a little Dodger Shohei Dodgers Just Dodgers Got a cabrion haze on the red foil and our first auto is gonna go to the Guardians and we Tyler Freeman on the rookie auto Tyler Freeman for the Guardians Bob Gibson if I was a player this might be this set I would collect because some of these pictures are awesome Yeah, I think if I had like a cool picture, I'd be all about it Be all about it There's Eloy Got Aaron judge on the virtuoso's of velocity Andre Dawson Dan Quinn to the commanders. So all the uh all the NFL jobs are all the NFL jobs are taken now. It's Shohei And red foil of Tory Hunter. Yeah, the Alliance OC didn't want it Ben Johnson. He didn't seem to want it I mean Dan Quinn's good defensive coach I don't know he wasn't the greatest as a head coach So we'll have to see how he turns out. There's a members only Carlton Fisk. Come on What are we doing? Come on Carlton Interesting Mookie, I don't know. Don't love that. Don't love that Got Brooks Robinson This will be Justin Verlander on the black foil Verlander for the Mets. Yeah, it is a Struggle into struggling to focus right now. All right guys two to go in Bowen's best seven to go in I'm at basketball get going later There's chef G fantasy pros Adley rushman rookie Come on. I see some nice color here and see a nice color coming out of the compacts Spencer steer rookie There's Dwight Gooden and red foil Marcus Simeon for Lane's Rangers. No, man. It's up to 1900 Chris Really hey two boxes even that's crazy Well, I guess if they're giving you those two that's not too bad You're getting ones with the some logo's in it. Hey Karen got a Byron boxing on the chrome Hunter green red foil You the original breaker only get Yeah Yeah, that's fair got a red foil gave Moreno and rookie out of for the Rangers gonna be Bubba Thompson Yeah, I mean, I guess they probably all got offered like every coach that wins and that's David's it probably good Tray Turner Fancy Pro Yeah, these the photography on this set is awesome, man, they're really really nice Photography is awesome. There's code. I sang a rookie. We got a show. Hey another on the red foil That nurse Garrett Cole Yeah, this this product's really nice. They always use the live action shots Going yard flat There's like too much height that he's like Yeah He's obviously had success before he made it to the Super Bowl, but it's like Blackfolds core burns Christian yellow Yeah, I think he'll be a good for her for sure He's better coach Mike trout virtuosos of velocity and Jake McCarthy Yeah, that's fair A red full a server weeks, that's not gonna be easy Stop The on how we doing today, sir? How we doing Vaughn I Saw Celtics got a they don't have to worry about LeBron or a D tonight Let's go the Celtics by the Lakers. No LeBron or a D There's a Nicola d'Alo to 75 on the purple. Yeah, right? That's a Worried Yeah, I wasn't actually watching that one cheesy I was working the morning after that I didn't actually see it Red full Gonzalez and that's gonna be a Josh when Kowski rookie out of there for the Red Sox Yeah, actually didn't watch that fight cheesy. I know some people were we're arguing about it though for sure it was a Would destroy my whole building Well all machine Vaughn we got it it's Mount Castle Bobby Whit virtuosos Did you move what uh What one-on-one did we hit yesterday? Johnny bench. There's a man in a chateau red foil for the Padres Yeah, would you hit yesterday MOOC? Yeah, I think they should be fine tonight Vaughn. I would hope Pozingas night Pozingas kind of night. I feel like no a D. There's a triumphant of Ronald Cunha Cushion True true Yeah, the only reason I wouldn't do like a player prop is if they get so high up that they don't play the fourth Quarter it'd be kind of sketchy brown and porzingus. They probably should have 80 points Korea black foil Yeah, it should be a good night for them. They should eat The unicorn that playing tonight Vaughn I could I could change some things.  You know, that's fire. Let's take a one-on-one Yeah, I'm in on that Cast me playing some good ball two minutes Pretty solid Howie howie God Ha French yeah French here. There's a King Griffey on the purple. Let's take one for the Mariners to 75 What up friends the kid Hensley Jake McCarthy How we doing today? Yeah, we'll take it move. We'll take a one-on-one from my Mac. You gotta hit that logo man today, man We're trying to try to get that going. There's a red for Adley go Orioles red for rookie and a Winston Bernard rookie auto for the blue jays Bernard just two to go in Bowman's best guys two to go in Bowman's best Everybody say bye Lane Got Jay Ram fantasy pros Riley green and Edgar Martinez Yeah, I think you can only miss like three or four games. So they're trying to limit him so he doesn't Miss any more because they won't be eligible for all pro whatever. There's a red full Joey Vato Joey Vato Her first evil in the A whatever it is Yeah, I know us that's kind of the opposite with the magic the magic got as high as two and now we're now we're in a Danger area triumference of Cal Ripken magic got as high as two there behind the Celtics at one point in the season and the drop and dropping The tough time with injuries and everything. There's a Jake DeGronne black foil and Jake DeGronne base A lot better position in the last few years though, so I'm pretty happy with where the magic are at Should the very least make the make the play in and everything Gary Got our Thomas There's a verlander fantasy bros What's up Carl Carl? How are we doing today, sir? Carl? We're doing today, sir. What up, man? Got French on Carl. Let's go. Let's go squads in the house Ernie Banks, there's a Mike Yaz and Aussie Smith nice one there to 50 a wizard for the Cardinals 49 out of 50 on the blue Raffi Devers and Ted Williams Now sees been sees have been the one seat all season. It's the bare beginning man there well a machine There's a can say go Sean's gonna bare knuckle box later 75 Can say go for the ace you probably take him now. I remember he was boxing. He did uh, he did one of those Boxing things Very good. He did not look very good. Jack. Oh boy Loser it's like a sports cards. Oh, there's a red full max freed and got rookie or not rookie auto veteran auto Actually for the Cardinals Jack flair veteran auto there Flaherty That one's pretty cool. You see like the Batter Oh, yeah, yeah Yeah, all the all the Yankees once seemed to have like the really cool like Yankee Stadium Volpe's is cool. Yeah, Gary Cole's like coming out of the bench She made less of a bottle lobby. Let's go. Let's go with the cup. Thanks for that Sam Just finished look at the superman. I know JD, right? I know man. It is uh, there is a lot going on there Man 200 boxes red full JT Rob Muto and a lot of different years man got a 2000 black Black diamond in there. It's crazy. A lot of different years of products I'll be a fun one next Saturday triumvirates of Trey Turner Javi Baez Tim Anderson That is the minimum time that's fair JD. You gotta take a look at everything man It is it does take a minute Byron buckson on the black foil. I agree with that completely I might have to take another look at it make sure I didn't miss anything Gonna find him game to sign that's their wood pick. There you go, Carl And say it goes probably not too hard to find you know where to look Devers on the virtuoso's I kill Garcia. So I saw I missed that question. What's up, Merck? Didn't happen Either refunding Merck it'll go tomorrow. I think they moved them to tomorrow Merck I believe but if if it ever gets canceled and they don't move it It'll be a refund. It'll be a refund on your account Yeah, yeah, so I think they're planning on moving it to tomorrow because lane will be lane will be breaking tomorrow on fanatics I think that's the move. There's a melt on the red foil But yeah, if it ever does get cancelled and they don't move it, then it'll just be a refund Usually for us will do it right after the break ends Yeah, no problem. Sorry. I missed that for a second mark. I was I missed your first question, but Yeah, so we'll always always refund or move it I believe moving it was probably what they did consider in lane has a break up has a fanatic scream tomorrow Usually if it's a few days in between we probably just refund So people aren't sitting on it. There's Jeremy Pena Astros on the purple. That's a pretty cool picture two to 75 What you getting into tonight, Sam? What are you doing? Some bebop Yeah, there's a red full of scion shape and we got a Matt and Walner rookie out of for the 20s for the 20s Corbin Carroll Josh Bell Byron Buxton virtuoso's Buster Posey Black bears legend. What's the black bears? Yes in a minor league Say Brandy Woodruff red foil Ryan Sandberg There's a Prado Chris sale and try runs Jackie Robinson Jackie Babe Ruth Juan Soto Okay, okay you main gotcha gotcha Is that your alma mater Adam?  How you doing today, right? I'm outcastle got Garrett Mitchell rookie and Matt Walner on the negative orange for the 20s price Harper Good baseball move on Netflix the Hill Is that a newer one Carl? Really, that's why you went to college to history. Let's go Got the UMaine representing today Okay, Andrew taking the A's down to one I believe in best. Thank you Jason taking a couple bowman you basketball later Scott taking the giant we're sold out on bowman's best. Thank you guys and JD taking a few bowman's bowman chrome basketball spots for later Thank you. Thank you guys Get those moving seven to go on iMac basketball as well to your random team style We got 1900 on the logo man bounty going 1900 going for that one Dossman we got gay morano on the rookie chrome and Kyle Tucker on the red foil Steins let's go My buddies was uh, they had a stein holding competition in the uh, you want it He got like I don't know. It's like a hundred dollar credit or something for the bar There's a Tyler Stevenson and Caleb Killian on the rookie for the Cubs He was holding it for a long time too man. The other guy would not quit They're doing a they're doing a style and competition. He wouldn't quit either. So they were going for a while I'm in a personal type of mood. We'll get some um later if you want to order one We won't have any uh, we'll won't do them till about 1 1 30 today But um, we can get them done later if you want to order some personal We got group breaks all the rest of the night Yeah, I appreciate that JD appreciate you grabbing some spots There's a Freddy Freeman red foil Niko Horner, Sayung Shane That wasn't on the checklist really JD Grandmama off the checklist Um Tristan McKenzie red foil guardians Um, let me see. I don't I think we might have sold out. Let me check. Let me check Yeah, no, we only have the um, we only have the jumbo and super jumbo right now Claudio Only have the jumbo and super jumbo. No um Um, no uh choice At the moment it is I don't have any cues uh any personals in the queue right now guys I mean does want to get one going later be the first one up once we do start Mr. Shite, thank you taking a racing spot down to eight on the first racing and Dominic taking a phoenix football spot Appreciate y'all getting us going here. There's Volpe got Max Scherzer on the black foil Mets Tristan Kossus Yeah, no, that's that's the thing JD. I've been uh, I've been trying to look at cardboard connection I keep forgetting that they they have an update in a while and it's throwing me off. I'm so used to cardboard I used to do such a good job too, man. They're accurate. They always have the team list so you can go straight to what's who's for each team Contreras Taylor Ward There's a will smith red foil Dodgers Sean's team Shane Bieber jack flirty In the last box here. Good luck guys Good luck. Good luck. Come on. I'll see some color We'll get stadium club hobby and a logo fractor five boxers going next. We've got two of those coming We've got a full logo fractor um 10 boxer and then we'll get um Bowman's best go Yeah, I appreciate that claudia. We have a personal section if you want to check it out I can see everything we got for there Um diamondingly on the chrome insert for the Yankees Uh, Luis Ortiz red foil rookie I kill Garcia Eat to go in that first prime racing Eat to go in the first one Get those moving. There's a twight gooden. Doc on the red foil and rookie Otto's gonna go to braves von gristle This one there. I like that picture of on Brian bale freeman Michael grove We're not seeking to revenge the loss They're wrenching nothing I don't like the niners Red foil galsman. Yeah, I haven't decided yet. I feel like I was leaning towards the niners, but I don't know I don't like I don't like betting against the chiefs especially in the playoffs I just don't It's not it's not a winning formula. No They're gonna catch another l Rizzo Yeah, Nico horner red foil for the cubs Good Dodgers There we go Big Cali guy big Rod karoo, we got pita lanza black foil for the Mets. There's Pete. There's Pete Two more packs I'm just not watching. There you go von. I'll probably turn it on. I'll probably be watching What's he watch? My trout. Hmm. What do you watch? You sound like the Super Bowl? Oh, yeah, I'll watch I'll probably watch The hell am I gonna do on a sunday fair get out of work fair Uh, tony quinn and on the back to 190 now. We got an orange dale murphy going to the brakes josh smith and adulta scarcia Alrighty there guys that will do it For the stadium club compact to a quick auto recap here Had von grissom rookie Otto for the brakes. Um, Caleb Killian for the um, Cubs matt wallner twins jack flairty, um veteran Otto for the cardinals got winston bernard rookie josh winkowski bobba thompson and tyler freeman the guardians Otto is there appreciate everybody grabbing spots on that one And we'll get going on stadium club hobby and a logo fracter coming up here in just a minute