It's positively bruised Yep, shawlamen to God shelter we are the brilliant white lightning white lightning we will get to it We will get to it. Hold on waxes his well you uh I'm not mentioning the other person from websites And today today show today's show is brought to you by Squarespace from websites and online stores the marketing tools and analytics Squarespace is the all-in-one platform to build a beautiful online presence and run your business. All right key word run Your business. All right.     Whatever you want What I gotta do what you losing this race You lost I have you in the right position right now Rematch okay, why watch oh now you don't have rematch no, I blew her out the water I Went to the point in which it can go and then it could go no more and you tried to push it past Shutdown it said you don't race.  I'll be right now. Right now. I'll be ready. I'll be ready real soon Listen, I could be Muhammad I'll leave but now The race me oh, whoa, whoa, you need boat your Achilles race me. I was racing dog I Never thought Taylor could be the Andrew by the way, of course not go back. I say Taylor's too low to the ground It's too low to the ground.   What do you not begging men up? That speech that I gave about how amazing men are you had the opportunity to shut me up and what happened Only went three quarters of the way So instead of just taking it so you know what you love you won't really You really think you can be me in the race I have to join this meeting. Why the people already are like gleefully What are you for me? Where was that last week? Why I gave you your bread man. I'm a man of my word. Fuck. I didn't want to do that It was a good race.  I am listen.  I'm a sore winner. We both can't be sore You know if you lose to me, you're never gonna stop here That's different though, that's j. Williams.  Williams when I won Yeah, that's fire Yeah, nobody asking the details about that but beating taylor beating taylor in a hundred meter dash Yeah, that's not as exciting. No For years though, you kind of share her for years though.  She's been talking about this for years She's a bit of track star. Yeah She said she a track star. She's like, I run an 11 second 100 meter desk.  Yeah He was her neighbor. What are you talking about?  You can see this Eric Adams, I think was in the lead, but that's my guy.  Are we ranking races? No Yeah, because when you vote you put like you got to vote one two five Like your first choice second choice third choice. Why I don't know. They don't make happy you wait me You very good. I heard about this there. I think this this is how it works in like, uh parliamentary systems Where uh, if not No, don't let me start And I was like, no, I just don't see the point like doesn't that defeat the whole purpose of voting?   I told him I told him and his people I told his pr guy his chief of whatever pr I said he cannot be mayor of new york unless he comes on flagrant two podcasts He did a lot though, man. I mean he played basketball. Yeah, it is Going the girl was to pull her try to pull her titties out and got down on her on the ground and started Pull her skirt up and what happened? He was like if you do whatever you want to do I think that what you want to see my titties. He's like, I don't know do whatever you wanted. It was at the park Yeah, yeah, andrew Andrew really is I don't know bro. I promise you it is. Yeah, I didn't see that.  Oh, my oh, that's my only one thing not a woman be like I was going to give you something And then he started talking. Yeah, he was afraid he played prevent defense He he he had it in his grasp.   It looks bad It looks like the wild wild west That's what i'm saying people thousand dollars for what yeah, yeah No, but listen that would help clean up the street pseudo Provide people opportunity give them money and resources Every time they give money they go ahead they doing more bad stuff with their money and it depends right like government Giving people money for the last year That's why they that's why they why i'm not saying People are wild because they broke that dude got robbed in the Bronx last night for a $3,000 chain They killed the drive in the head for a freaking chain. All right, but he Where do you think they got the money to get the gun? Where do you think they got the Listen, i'm not saying don't give them no bread, but they are you gotta leave out here while and you have to have a combination of both it has to be law enforcement and coming on flavor two Law enforcement and you got to put resources in these forms disenfranchised I definitely want to get them bread, but uh what i've seen would get a lot of people bread right now I guess whenever anytime you just give somebody something. Yeah, they don't cherish it Opportunity you get my opportunity with jobs. You give you put more trade schools in these communities Like you give them something to do open up the direct centers. Just don't get them cash I'm with you on that I'm with them giving opportunity giving people an opportunity to work and like obviously you need to give cash To some people who are really in need if you got a mom she got two kids at home She got to look after the kids with the fuck she's supposed to work 40 hours a week Is not going to be possible what you said just now helps too, right? Because if i'm a mom and I got to work two or three jobs, who's watching the kids?  Oh, he got it a million a measly million What do you mean who you would give away a thousand everybody? That's what I'm talking about. Like you're talking about giveaway a thousand you need a thousand I'm not talking about a million isn't a lot, but if you couldn't be the I know business I know how economies work. I know how the system works, but You've met you have got a million. That's a lot of money, bro Sometimes it's not a lot of money for you to be a financial expert. Yeah, he's supposed to have that Like if I'm going to financial expert for advice, he gotta have more than a million Yeah, I don't think he's I don't consider andriang a financial expert. It's like universal Universal basic income was a principle that started with Martin Luther King June It's something he needs because he's he's coming on I thought this guy was worth hundreds of millions of dollars. I thought he was a genius businessman Really? Why are you telling me about money if you don't have more money than all these other motherfuckers?    He invented or communism invented? I first time I ever heard of universal basic income with Martin Luther King He was the one saying people need I don't know if he ever had a dollar amount, but they need to stipend a month in order just to take care of their basic needs You know, he got it. Oh, that's all MLK, Jr. For any standards, they all got it from MLK, Jr. universal basic income But it's just 1000 or a thousand every month or something like that. I thought he said a thousand every month, right? That's what yeah, yeah But it wasn't going to be for all new yorkers. It was going to be for like a quarter million or something like that I just think that he came off as a little inauthentic and um New yorkers sniffed that out and it's hard It's very hard to come off inauthentic in 2021.  We like when he's goofy.    Yeah the day the politicians playing both sides is over done And you you either got you got to believe in something Yeah, there has to be a mass group of people that see you and know this is what you're committed to That's how you win elections. Yeah, we feel comfortable then even if we don't like you and I know where you stand I'm like, I don't know how to work.  How do I plan taxes? How do I plan business shit? How do I plan hiring? If I don't know the positions this guy's gonna put me in You if you get a republican or a democrat in office, I know how I can plan for both of those motherfuckers A flip-flopper He just want to play basketball. Oh, that's the only time I've ever seen this playing basketball This playing basketball. That's it. You see when they asked him what his favorite jay-z song was No, and he said a jay-z and lincoln park record like bro I mean that makes sense, bro. That makes sense. Yeah, nobody ever nobody in the history of life is playing basketball in the park I've become so numb I've never heard that right. I could see you there That's from the collision course. I'm about to shoot this whole I got hyped just right then yo, jay-z on that song I was about to shoot the whole nova Hold on that song jay-z and what's the name lincoln park? Bro, the way that song just hit me Y'all could be dead right now if I kept singing that song I don't like white men constantly talking about doing mass shootings You said it a few times already It's candy man. You play that song one more time. It might be over all this You play lincoln park three times in a row for a while.  I was like, ah, it's so funny Till he starts shooting so you like Eric Adams from new york I only saw that one video of him and I loved it. I loved it I saw one video. I don't know anything about his policies I remember that where he was like just how you find kids in your drug room.   He's black? Yeah, yeah, yeah, I got Eric on um my audible my audible project We've got answers that I put out a couple months ago Oh, and he's on it Right Part of the the black brain trust that I assembled Eric Adams is definitely definitely one of Commissioner he was something what was he in brooklyn?  Why did they slip him on my right? Police police commissioner. He was the brooklyn borough president. Okay. That's what he was brooklyn borough president Eric Adams, so listen, I guess I'll salute the Eric Adams.   That's it bothered me He keeps oh, yeah, we're gonna do confirming and then ghosting us and I told him to his face I said if he doesn't come on the podcast, he will lose Yeah It was like you cannot come I saw him you cannot win the election for mayor of new york without coming to flagrant two podcasts That's why you move back to new york, right? You move back to new york. Just to interview andrew yang Not to interview him.  No, I called the little pussy boy that There was a boy in my cause Chief of staff, yeah, what'd you say to him?  They ain't bigger.   Hey, it's what happens when you ghost me, bro You wanted old man. Say what you wanted old. Yeah, you write letter. I was hurt Have a girl ever ghosted you in real life? No. Oh, I mean, yeah, of course How did you react like that? Um, no I had other candidates The great choice voting But I tell you, but I tell you this those those that ghosted and all of a sudden, you know On the little netflix special or some youtube shits are popping the rock post you on instagram post on this I'm back up in the dms. Congratulations. I see you I see you big Back then they didn't want you now. I'm hot. They haul off.   We had some technical difficulties We had to stop so so whatever the conversation was it was getting wild But basically if I say It's time to come on flagrant too Or else you don't got a chance now, you know, I'm dead serious and and first of all, I just want to make this point very clear I extended that to somebody who is a political nobody Yeah, I've had mayors on the podcast before we had the mayor of Miami not the wannabe mayor I was willing to throw him an alley you was popping on the national level though because of the president He never won nothing. No, he definitely never won nothing You know what I'm saying? Popular dude, but never won nothing. He never been a politician before I wonder if he regrets now or not taking a position in the biden administration He'll they'll place him. He's part of that whole thing.   I can see he'll still do a political punny thing I think he already got a podcast Yeah, what we liked about him is we thought he was an outsider and I think that they pulled him in They were like, I think he came off a little too politiciany in his run for new york as well That's what it was. Yeah. Now I agree with that because it was a lot of like he had a lot of burniness with him But it seemed like he was leaning a little A little a little a little too left You know what I mean?  You know what I'm saying? He goddamn fell it on those poles What do you think of people getting charged to get vaccinated, bro? Wait, what is that? Like they're finding people. What was that? What's the school? What's the start click on that story? It's kind of wild Alex, um, we only had that link But we only had Taylor to not know what was going on with the story Hold on. Let me pull it up, man. Yeah, it's not even a link Charging people if they don't get vaccinated hold on. Hold on. Let me tell you right now I want because I want you to have the context of this because this is I don't understand this. Okay Like charging money or like with a crime students are suing Indiana verse Indiana University and federal court over vaccine mandate Okay, all these do it at home and just do it like, um Doing homeschool The mandate requires students faculty and staff to be vaccinated or get an exemption for religious or medical reasons Before starting the fall term. Mm-hmm. What do you think?    Yeah, uh, same thing thing goes with the vaccine It's like there are gonna be people that have adverse reactions to the vaccines And it's okay if as an average citizen you feel scared about taking it. I got the vaccine I got it really probably because I just want to travel.  I wanted I'd like to travel So, how do I get it? And I also got it if I'm to say Being selfless is like I go do shows on the road where I bring large groups of people into one place But all are all of them vaccinated. They might not be but the least I could do for them But you can still get it still get it though. Yeah, but I could I could provide More protection to passing it on okay, you can still get it But you can't one it's much harder to get and two you're not going to show symptoms Okay, what about the houston mephidus hospital? That said 153 employees either resigned or were fired Because they refused to get a kovat 19 vaccine because it was a hospital policy That's not right Is my body my choice not applied to vaccines? No, I mean your kids got to get vaccines to go to school I'm not against vaccines. I'm just saying with this new kovat vaccine Right that the FDA has not approved.  Let me throw something out to you. Tell me how you feel There's a drug called ivermectin And it sounds like a name. It sounds like a financial advisor. I've ever talked to ivermectin and uh, he said Or the the drug apparently Uh Might be helpful with dealing with the coronavirus symptoms Uh after you have after you already have there's been other drugs have come out You know that some say are are are good and can potentially help Rem's denazvir or whatever that shit was uh hydroxychloroquine zinc d3 all these I heard about zinc vitamin d3 these things um it's been Some people have said that there might have had information that this was useful and by they I mean like The pharmaceutical companies that are putting out the vaccine and that they have quieted The effectiveness of that drug in curing the coronavirus or curing the symptoms of the coronavirus Uh, so that they could push out the vaccine.    That's really ain't doing it. They don't be bud. I saw I read the data if they refuse If uh, if you refuse to get the vaccine Then they'll send you to jail and you got to get bud injections. Jail is that I was on cnn Jail it is What do you mean? Wait, what do you mean? There's no way. What do you mean jail? It is send you to jail. Here come cannonball Listen, what do you mean? Hold on strong man threatens vaccine declineers with jail but injections That was on cnn this morning bro. It said strong man threatens vaccine declineers with jail and then it says bud injections This is maria santana Who's that cnn anchor and correspondent?  What about all the people inside the hospital? Why they not if they they must know more than we do they're not trying to do it Listen, I know doctors that aren't trying to do it.  No. No. No. No, it doesn't feel right But it's a tricky one man. It's like let's say for example 1% of people Okay, let's say 1% of people die because of covid. Yes And let's say half a percent of people die because of the vaccine But Everybody gets get you know gets to get back to normal It's like should we take on that sacrifice for the greater good? But we take on the truth though. People are though. What they already are really the truth though But that's what that's a way. Well, that's the thing We don't know the truth and it's this isn't even our fault.  America.  But if it makes money, who gives a shit? That's the america way we don't want to be locked up But that's the way it is all we care about is money man greed is how you guess that's why Bro, that's why China's being successful. They're not even trying to fight wars with us They're just like, yo, we will just offer them money and they will do anything we want for money John Cena bent over and grabbed his ankles and apologized in perfect mandarin For recognizing taiwan as a country. You saw that right? Be honest with you that story sounded way better until you told me what he actually bent over and grabbed his ankles I was like really? I see John Cena bent over and grabbed his ankles. When did that happen? Not that i'm interested in that kind of stuff, but I was like, where was that visual? You know what I mean though, right? I'm trying to say I'm like, this guy really didn't grab his ankles though, right? He grabbed his ankles for china. He grabbed his ankles for china. He grabbed his ankles for china What did he apologize to china for? For recognizing taiwan as a country.   No, it's the tobacco industry. Oh, yeah People make multi billions of dollars pharmaceutical industry. Yes. Yeah, all these people hooked on fentanyl Absolutely percocets and all this other stuff like they date their date. They purposely know these things are addictive Especially cigarettes, bro.  I think the sugar is cool like cheap cocaine. That's it. Why twix?  Because it looks like twin dicks.  Say what?  I know I I guarantee I do this with the twix every time I can't just put the whole twix in your mouth. No way. I don't go in my life with like kept it there You put both of them in your mouth?     Stop telling this lie, watch out story.    I don't even put my lips on the blood. I don't It's like what? Especially if I'm smoking with somebody I always smoke just like this. Nah, bro I never put my lips on it. By the way, if you think If you think that look makes you look any more manly.     Nope. That's all that's all cut him up What else we got? What else we got this week guys because Tell us back. She's made her second and she's made her second return. She walked out immediately after the first one Why are you upset? Why are you upset? I'm like master start right now But why are you so stressed?  He was never anybody's favorite rapper a great rapper He's scared of Bugs more than beat or no. He's scared of roaches more than bees because after the beehive combo Yeah, which I don't agree with because roaches don't bite.  He needs to run for mayor new york's bike You got bit by a roach. Yeah, I got bit by a roach before roach and lay eggs in you. What are you talking about?  I never knew that. Which one of them lay eggs in you? Why you got roaches is crawling on you? You just got everything crawling on you Wow, that's why you like you gotta do you have a mice? Yes, that's why I'm wow I mean that's crazy Where'd they put where did where do you nothing you at wax? I didn't get he didn't lay an egg in me, but I got bit by a roach before how you know what's a roach Because we have roaches. Yeah, but I'm saying like no, no, no, no.  That's a lost array. Six is lost. You know, I'm saying Lotta else, but you have to understand they are survivors.  I want to fight all y'all You lost the race if you want to fight us This is Tell us what tell us why what what about it really bothers. I don't start talking. I just start fighting. So let's move on We're literally sitting here trying to cater to you That's where Come on we can't cater What do you what do you think a trick daddy's coming? I just I love that. He's trying to roll up the internet. Does he mean else dropping or something? Like I love it He knows what he's doing, right? Everybody's entitled to that.  He said he said who we can actually start the audio, but Beyonce ain't trying to give back the music and then that bsa don't write music And Betty can sing her mother I don't like Beyonce I don't know why they be thinking she could sing Man, I watch my god. I'ma train bf give her folks a lesson all her career man. I'm poppin opinion right now Beyonce is the rnb What jay-z is the new york? That's what it gets jay-z ain't never won the greatest rapper alive Whoever whoever put them on the level of that new york lost big the need of the hero They wanted to be the mega of hip hop and they just handed it over to jay-z The first time y'all ever heard of jay-z. He got a record with some down sound called big pimp Yeah And y'all they'll tell y'all right now. Oh, that's jay-z southern. You're gonna google and they'll say yes jay-z Right But I would push back on trick and say There's nobody who knighted jay more than big People forget like biggie and jay was like Yeah, they did songs together biggie was on rap city shouting out jiggas saying jiggas his favorite rapper like they was like biggie recognized and saluted j While big was alive. I mean, so if anybody knighted jay and if anybody had you know Every I don't want to say right because nobody had to write to the throne But if anybody was like if it was first was that she called first ring voting Whatever that shit's called jay-z was definitely number two or three. I say three But also the people at the end of the day like exalts the figures that they care about so it's like we decided that jay is that Like you could call every rapper out here calls himself the best rapper, right? You see every single one The people don't and the people think that jay-z is nice. He is nice. He's nice I don't care what you think about his politics. I don't care what you think about like his choices or that but at rapping He's very scared. That would change.  It's just the truth and I love mary No, like mary is I love mary like women love mary too, but j From reasonable doubt to 444. He's raised us. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, like there's a jay-z bar for every motherfucking situation Everything like come on man. He's a real og. I've never seen him smoke cigarettes. Huh? I've never seen him smoke cigarettes. Okay, but yeah, he's the he's the guy So I mean like, you know that that thing trick was wrong in that aspect and I think Beyonce can sing and I think it's unfair You know margulamon hill asked him, you know If if Stephanie Mills Whitney Houston are hundreds. What is Beyonce? He said 85. Stephanie Mills and Whitney Houston. That's a different level Like there's only one or two it owes ever in the history of life And just like with the total package of Beyonce, that's the once in a generational talent too But just our vocally come on Stephanie Mills and Whitney Houston don't do that. That's that That's not fair as Beyonce ever been criticized for her lack of ability to sing I thought that she was always considered great entertainer. Not to me. I've never heard it. But she's she's not a dissinger I think she developed a better voice. So initially it wasn't as good Don't she tell her tell her tell her you can't you you cannot take the beehive this week You just can't do it all the smoke.   That's what I heard I feel like a destiny And why can't I say she developed a better voice? I think it was average Oh Is that what you just said?  You don't want this day. Leave it alone.  She stayed the same She improved her voice better But she's never been initially you're saying that she was trash. I did not say that She's never been average. She's above average. Beyonce's never been average And destiny's child never she was the lead singer Yo Michelle she got a book out checking in right now she gave her and desi shy Appreciated kelly rollins voice. That's that's beautiful But god didn't want kelly rolling. No, her dad didn't want no one else to be the leader except for me I love kelly rolling. Yeah, kelly rolling is the god of chocolate goddess But Beyonce has always been the best singer and destiny child.  What are we talking about? Like do we have to it wasn't all the song. Did you want to hear why you upset?  Thomas j got killed by the bees.  Let's be very clear. Let's be very clear. Okay. All the tension makes me lit and on top of that Oh I have a lot of other people supporting me and everything else like that. I haven't seen it Even though y'all don't yo red is starting to flip on teller. They started a supporter. Really. Yeah. No, you know a sympathy sympathy No, they're like What do you know you saw i've already i saw i really don't be looking i saw a post It's too cruel. I'm gonna be honest with y'all. I think honesty without compassion It's brutal And I see a lot of honesty with no compassion. I'm like, y'all can't watch this I don't like to see them doing that to you tail. I'm being honest.  It makes her more lit. It makes you more lit. That is a misconception though You should not think that way. Taylor. Why? Because that's not true all all publicity is not good publicity just because people It doesn't matter because guess what? I don't know who these little people are anyway First of all, I don't think they're little. There are listeners and I appreciate them. Really needed subreddit.  You know, I do But I'm just speaking for red right now Those are the kind of comments that makes them shoot at you on reddit. And do you think it bothers me? Yes. Why? Why do y'all think it bothers you? Because I'm not y'all Well, why? No, no, why do y'all think that? No, give me your honest opinion. Why? Do I show it? Do I act it right now? Yeah, do I act it right now? Was I acting like that the other time? A lot of sodium A lot of sodium, yo. You are pissed. Yeah, you're pissed. Chicky Pete's fries. You're Chicky Pete's fries right now.  You're Chicky Pete's fries, yeah. You're lemonade album right now. Guess what? I have other workouts on it and it's very stressful. What stresses you about the black effect? Oh Oh Work is work There we go. People gotta work. Hey y'all, tell them, bro. We've been telling people this for years. Work is work.  Whistle while you work.  Yo, we are so musical today, guys. This is brilliant. It is the musical. Good morning, bro. Hey, free Michael B Jordan. He's just trying to name his rum after... He like the lump? No, no, no. He deserved it. He deserved that backlash. Because he's the thing. He's trying to be black too much, almost. What? No, don't make that face. Don't make that face. It's this and the other thing. You get white girls and everything else and you just... all of a sudden start to turn black or something like that. Look at him. He's showing it. Y'all not about to do this. Giannis. Stop shooting free. Giannis, if you're going to play, if you're going to play, go to the paint. Giannis, stop shooting free. Giannis, stop shooting free. Stop shooting free. You know exactly what I mean. No, I don't. No, I don't. I'm just ready to fight. She out here. Shoot her. I'll just win. I'll just win. And then what was so great is she shot at Michael B Jordan. I'll just say it. You let him win. I'll say it. It's almost like Michael B Jordan trying to be too black. And then I'll just go, what?  You're not even black. He said, you know how you be trying to bring like girls. She out black. So fast. All I was going to say, all I was going to say is the same rule. Why you think he take black?  White women.  But what's so crazy about it, he named his wine Juve. There's a lot of Caribbean people who don't even like to be called black. You know what I mean? But that has nothing to do with nothing to me. The problem with what Michael B Jordan did is what corporations do. They come to these conclusions about things without having those people in the room. Because all you had to do was ask your Trinidadian, hey, what do you think about his name in this rum Juve? I'm sure the Trinidadian would have gave him an honest opinion. But Juve is a party for them. He said what? Juve is a party for them. It's the start of carnival or something. Yes, it is. But it's also something else too. Speaking from someone, I spoke to a Caribbean. Y'all? Y'all about to make me like go off on this. Break down the Juve thing. Break down the Juve thing. Because I did read that as a contraction. I didn't... What's up? You ain't saying nothing, man. Why you playing ice on basketball today? Stop in the office! I was about to say something. Hey, give me the ball! Give me the ball! What's up? I was trying to finish my sentence, but you started laughing. You started laughing, Charlotte. Alright, let's go. Come on, y'all. Taylor, stop. Hammer time. Dan, Dan, Dan, Dan. Dan, Dan, Dan, Dan. You can touch it. That's all you have to do. Listen, corporate America, it's really a no-brainer. Whenever you're doing anything cultural, just bring in people from that culture. Exactly! You won't make these mistakes. Juneteenths, sell watermelon fried chicken.  That's another example though, Ikea. Bro, in Georgia! But the black employees complained and said that they didn't even consult anybody black when they did this.  Oh, no, it's true. And Ikea in Georgia and Atlanta put together a Juneteenth menu. I guess it was for their employees, and they have fried chicken and watermelon on the menu. Now, somebody told me that if you Google Juneteenth food, that's what comes up. So I don't know if that's true or not. You know the white people Google everything anyway, so it makes sense. I will say this though. And I wouldn't be mad either. You remember we was in South Carolina a few weeks ago, and we went on the boat with our white comrades.  I said, no, I'm flying out in the morning. He said, yo, come on the boat with us, man. I'm like, all right, no doubt. So he gets on the phone, he's like, yo, Charlamagne's coming on the boat with us. He's like, yo, make sure to get the food out ordered. He was like, I want the chicken tenders from Publix. And he was like, I want watermelon. And I want hummus. No. And I'm sitting there like, now I heard him say he wants the food he ordered. So clearly he already placed this order, right? So it's fried chicken and watermelon. So we get on the boat.  Oh, we love fried chicken. Bruh.  And I don't even eat fried foods, but I'm sitting there.     So I tried one. Ended up eating four.  It was chicken tenders, yeah. Wait, we had them in Florida. In Florida. Publix chicken tenders. Publix chicken tenders. You had them in the black box, right?  Oh, I'm definitely being you. And the rotisserie chicken. No, I ain't rotisserie chicken. I never had rotisserie chicken. But my point by saying that is fried chicken and watermelon should not be a negative stereotype for black people. It's a delicious food, bruh. That's it. And I looked it up today because I've never researched it ever in my life to see why it's a stereotype. It's only a stereotype because white races back in the day made it that way. Because watermelon, after slavery, they used to sell it. Like the people that used to be slaves, the black people used to be slaves, used to sell watermelon for profit. And for some reason, watermelon was a symbol of freedom. And so that's when they put a negative connotation on it. White people. Like we. And with chicken, chicken was easy. Easy to make. Delicious. Easy to get. And what made that a negative stereotype was the movie Burf of a Nation. Because in Burf of a Nation, it was all of these politicians sitting around and one of them was like really sloppily eating chicken. And they said it showed a lack of table manners. And being that it showed a lack of table manners, that's why they associated it with black people because they thought black people were like unclean and didn't have any coup for anything like that. So the negative connotation came from racist bigots. So why would we let them steal our joy? You didn't have watermelon and fried chicken. I'm like, you're not paying attention.   Yo, but how shitty is that that like, if I invite black people to a barbecue or to like a boat ride or something, I can't have watermelon there without y'all thinking I got watermelon for y'all. Have you had hummus? Have you had, listen, listen. I gotta have, I gotta like, we gotta have hummus, we gotta have cauliflower.    You forgot I was coming?  But no, that's true though. I want nice hearty food. So how do we, that's good, this is good. How do we approach, so for the white people listen right now, how do you approach the black people you invited to your party and say, look. I think it's the assumption.    Yeah, yeah, yeah, just don't say it.  I smoke new ports. Oh my God. Are you white? What? What? What? Son, come on, son, what, bro? If you announce it.  This is my party.  What's happening there? What are you talking about?    If it's just watermelon and chicken. Just watermelon and chicken.  And chicken. And it's mixed together. It's a salad with watermelon. Listen, I need the potato salad with the raisins.  No, no, I don't want it, but if I see it at the right person house, I'm like, okay. You don't do that, bro. Why people don't eat potato salad? With raisins? We don't eat potato salad. No, chicken salad. That's fake. Chicken salad. Chicken salad. I got a lot of chicken salad sandwiches back in the day. Chicken salad's gone.   It's a tuna thing. They have no tuna in there, tuna. There's no, how you got a tuna sandwich and there's no tuna in there?    All the time.  That's not tuna, bro. What is that? I mean, what else is it gonna be? Taylor, what do you think it is? What's the closest thing to tuna? Huh? What's the closest thing to tuna? Yeah, for sure. Old panties? We're both. You're right though. I was just saying. Jockstrap. That's it. I was just saying. Oh my God. Come on, Taylor. That was kind of funny. I can't believe she left off that one. Why is she not laughing at that? I was like, I'll leave. You kind of did it. You did it. Yeah. Taylor, Taylor, can we pay some bills? At least. I got them, I got them. Bills, bills, bills. What is that song? Can you pay my bills? Can you pay my automobile? Can you pay my automobile? And he runs and runs and I'm bills. Bills, bills, bills, bills, bills. Bills, bills, bills, bills, bills, bills. Bills, bills, bills, bills, bills.  I like that one.  I'm running down here. Do-do-do-do-do. Listen. All right, let's pay some bills. She started shooting at Alex. She got a laugh. You haven't got a hard hour. Yeah, you laughed him too hard.  You already shot at you, man. I put too much sauce in my mouth. Yeah, that's a lot right there. That's a lot. That's a lot. And once he got him going, it was over. That was his get-back laugh. I do like white girls.  She said he'd be trying to like white girls. You know how you'd be trying to like white girls? How do you try to like white women? Alex just said what? He didn't push back. He could have not heard what she said. He just goes, what? Tell him what to laugh so hard. Tell him what to laugh so hard to be with the gang.  Let's pay these bills, man. Yo. We're going to come back. What? Taylor. What?  Yeah. Taylor, you can't sit there and pout. You can't pout. Excuse me. I'm not pouty. I'm actually trying to look up to find more Aska idiots, but these aren't good questions.  Oh, I have a suggestion about that. Okay.  Oh, great idea. And then Prout Source. That's it.  So, the mod's on Reddit. I don't know really how Reddit works that well, but that's a great idea. If you create a post for the questions and then the community upvotes the really good questions, now we just read the top few questions. That's what y'all should do. Yo, Reddit, we don't really understand Reddit that well, but if that makes sense, could y'all organize that? Yes, right. Appreciate y'all.  I think that's what it's called, a thread, right? Yeah. Okay. Here's the question. Hey, man. Proud to be? I was going to shoot back. What you going to shoot back and say? And it'll still take a long time to be read out. You just, hey! I mean the same hype broke for it. You shooting back. Yeah, I'm sorry. Puerto Rico. Hey! Puerto Rico. Hey! Lower Marion. Oh, Lord, marry in. All right, let's pay some bills. OK, Salute to Keeps. Thank you, Keeps, for sponsoring the Brilliantly Nitties this week. Now, let me read this one.  That's the point, right? I thought that was the point. OK, I'll do the first line. You take it away. More than 50 million men in the US suffer from male pattern baldness. I am in that number, OK? All right, OK? I am in that number. Now, there's nothing else I could say about this that you would believe me, all right? So take it away, Andrew. Yo, Keeps, man.  You go with Keeps. I've been using Keeps for over a decade now, and the same active ingredient that's in Keeps. Now, obviously, I'm on to Keeps, but the same thing I've been doing, and I got all my hair. I noticed my hair was going, and I had to get on top of it early on. It does look like it got a little healthier, bro.  It's not a game.  It's serious. It will come back. And you're with a baldie on purpose. You could grow hair.  I'm just saying some Keeps might get you looking good. Anyway, point is you got to get on it and get on it quick. Make sure you do it before I lost your thing.  They have incredibly affordable options that you can do, and you can get your first month free if you go to Keeps.com. That's right.  Keeps.com Slash Idiots. It is convenient, all right? Virtual doctor consultations, medications delivered straight to your door every three months. You don't even have to leave your home, all right? And you can lose your grip on your wallet because Keeps is low cost. Treatment started $10 per month, and Keeps offers generic versions to keep that price down. So remember, if you're ready to take action and prevent hair loss, go to Keeps.com Slash Idiots to receive your first month of treatment for free. Let's get back to the show. Let's do one more. Let's do Liquid Death, man. Let's do it. Got to salute Liquid Death. Liquid Death, be showing up for the pot. Yo, I love it. That's my favorite water, bro. Listen, so many of us go through life dehydrated. Dirsty. You about to go grab one? Go grab one. I hope you bought back enough for everybody.  Here we go. Now, I never thought I would drink something called Liquid Death, but it's very refreshing. This looks just like liquor. It's because it's in a can, Wack. Cheers. As Taylor just said, it's in a can. Easier to chug a can and way more fun, OK? It feels like a beer, you know what I mean? So if you're at a cookout or something or something. Now I won't be corny, because I don't drink. That's right. If you're at a cookout or something, you don't want to be the guy that looks like they're not drinking. Just grab a Liquid Death.  Like, yeah, young and you can't handle this. Yeah, you don't know nothing about this. It's for OGs. We used to get bit by roaches. You know what I mean? You can get two free koozies with your first order of any case of water at liquiddeath.com slash idiots. Just hit up their merch store.  But no, it really, really, really, really is refreshing, man. In a real way. In a real way. So. All right, now let's do some church announcements. Okay. Let's get back to the show. You got any church announcements? Jotie? Oh, I do. This Friday, tickets go on sale for a few new shows. We added a few new shows. We're going to do one in San Francisco. We're going to do Vegas. We added another show in San Diego. That one sold out. And we added more tickets for the special taping in Austin. So make sure you check those out. I'll give you those dates real quick. TheAndrewShows.com. Those are where you're going to get the tickets that are not scalped. I keep telling you guys, I want y'all to save money.  Simple as that. So again, if you want, we got San Diego. We added another show. First one sold out. Thank you so much, San Diego. That's on September 16th. We have more tickets being released for the special tapings. That's September 19th and 20th. Go right now to do this. It's going to be in Austin. And then October 2nd, we're doing Las Vegas at the Venetian Theater. And then we are also adding San Francisco. That'll be November 6th, San Francisco at the Masonic Auditorium out there. Beautiful, beautiful theater out there. Go check those out. We also added another show, Minneapolis. Go get that, man. TheInfamousTour, TheAndrewShows.com. Go check that out. Also, we had a pretty wild interview with Alex Jones on PlayGrant. Alex Jones? That's a wild motherfucker.  Wild boy. That's a wild, wild boy. Alex is a wild, wild, wild, wild boy. The Wildest. Wax, you got any church announcements? Yes, sir. Up in LA, my flower is still there, the Who's Wax brand. We just now did something with Jay-Z. So it should be in more stores very soon. That's really dope. And I'm doing a collab with a buddy. It's like the biggest mobile dispensary in LA. B-U-D-D-E-E. I mean, make sure y'all check me out on there too. And Bully and the Beast, we got that on every Wednesday. How about us? Absolutely. Same for me, blackeffect.com. As we can go to subscribe to all the podcasts on the Black Effect Podcast Network. Tameka Mallory, state of emergency, how to win in the country we built. That's out right now, best-selling book. And Anita Kopak, Shallow Waters, a young adult fiction book. That's the second release on Black Privilege Publishing. That'll be out August 3rd. And We've Got Answers. You heard me mention it earlier, talking about Eric Adams. He's one of the people I got on We've Got Answers. On Audible. That's it. Love it. Let's get back to the show.  We got to start off. Oh my God. How have we not spoken about this yet? Our guy. How have we not spoken? Our guy, Val with big neck. Carl Naseeb. How have you been around for Carl's last name? Oh my God. Naseeb, yeah.  I didn't know that. I thought Michael Sand was, I guess I could say, actively. You never played? You never played? You never played? I thought you made the Rams. Yeah.  There's so many gay guys in the NFL. I don't think it shouldn't have mattered. I guess he just came out, though. You're the first one. No guys been out. There was that dude that played for the Patriots for a minute. What was that guy? It was an offensive line. Aaron Hernandez? No, no, but he's gay.  Who is that man? There's a white guy, I forgot his name, but he was like, he played for the Patriots for years. I don't remember. And he came out, but after he retired. There's plenty of guys.  Do y'all think it matters, though? What do you mean?  Yeah. Like, should there be an announcement? Because I don't think there should be an announcement.  Yeah. You know what? I'm saying, shouldn't we just appreciate someone for who they are? Like, who they are, not to appreciate, but as in like, why do we care who we speak with? He said that. It was really interesting. He wanted to be free. His video was dope. He's like, look, if you know anything about me, you know I don't want any attention. Am I doing this for anything? He really don't play it. But why do you? Yeah, if we have the video, you can play it. But if not, I'll just tell you real quick. And he's like, I don't want any attention.  And I'm going to donate $100,000 to this suicide prevention thing for LGBT. And it's good to be free. You know what I'm saying? He wants to be free. Now listen, I say it all the time.  So you got two type of people, right? You got people who don't want people in their business. And you got people on the download. Either way, that's their business. If Carl wants to do a video and he wants to say, hey, this is who I am, salute. But I like Carl. He's a good dude. He's a good human. Carl is a good human. And he's right. He don't be like, no attention. He'd be low key. He'd be cool. He'd be minding his business. I like the dude. You know what I mean? I just want people to be happy at the end of the day. He also said this. He was like, I wish that we didn't have to do this. Exactly. He literally said, I can't wait till a time where a gay player doesn't even have to say this because it's so normal. Exactly. And I think that we all like that.  Of course it is. And it's just sad. Of course it is. Like you think Carl's the only gay man in the NFL. Of course not. It's like that in any industry. But guess what?  And you know, I don't know why they don't want to say.  That's the originator. Like it's supposed to be men and women. So that's why people don't like seeing. No. I mean there's like religious components. Yeah. Yeah, but a lot of guys go inside there. Oh, think about it. I think that's part of it. But I think it's deep in the religion. I just think some people, I think some of them feel like they don't want to make anybody else uncomfortable. Uncomfortable. Exactly. Like in the locker room. In the locker room and going to the showers.  Wait, what? Tippy toes in college.  So he wasn't allowed in there no more. No problem.   Yeah, it was other gay guys on the team but we still like they knew like. They kept y'all dick-sized to themselves. Yeah. What? That's real. But they still chilled out because they didn't want uncomfortable. You know what I'm saying? They don't want people, they didn't want to hear somebody even chuckle when they came into the, inside the showers, nothing.  I would be perfectly comfortable if I was a shower.  I would be perfectly comfortable if I was a shower. See, I know I'm a grown out of a shower. Yes, exactly. So if Homie is in there and he's like, man, you know, I only got a little thing. Like, God damn, bro. You're small, man. You spreadin' fake news about my anyway. Oh, God damn it, man. Now, I gotta get hard on the shower. I don't even want to get hard on the shower. I gotta get hard on the shower. Now I gotta show you so you can go back and get the girls a real good one. Man, tippy toes, measure it up. That's right. Nah, tippy toes is wild. But are girls talking about it anyway though? What? Girls are gonna talk about y'all dick-sized anyway. So I don't want them telling her exactly what it is. Not that they haven't seen them. See, this could be, that could be like a bad car fax, right? So Homie's in the locker and he's looking at other people's penises, right?   Well, girls are doing that anyway, regardless of how you do it.  I don't want him to do it. Her home girl will do it.  And when the girls see it, they hard because they hookin' up with the girl. That's right. Yes. Or you put your hand in your pocket and you play around with it.  We'd rather them find out by themselves. Not to die.  Yeah, are you on drugs?  When do you show your girl your soft dick? When it's hard. When it's hard or mean. It looks like it's like a death can. Y'all been with y'all, been with y'all.  Still she hasn't. I took it between my lines, sir. I took it between my lines, sir. I took it between my lines, sir. Put your hand in your pocket, y'all. Put your hand in your pocket. It's embarrassing. I better beef it up. No, I'm not lying. I flick it a little bit. Yeah, you gotta do something. I smack you, you gotta do something. I'm not lying. I'm not lying.   If he sleep, you're in trouble. Very insecure. Very insecure. I show her hard. Even after y'all are done, you never just sleep. We go to sleep. Out. We talk about stomach.  Just so she don't grab it. I sleep in my drawers. I sleep in boxing briefs. Just so she don't grab it when I'm asleep. Don't do that.  You know what I am? Say my name. Say my name. Say my name. Say my name. You feel the same way? Yeah. What do I got time for that shit? She bring back a lot of trauma, man. But I'm saying like now? It bring back a lot of trauma because I built my wife for 23 years and I remember she used to keep a little diary. And I found her diary when we was like real young and it had like guys' meat sizes.  She had me down as small. How many years? I don't know. It's like real tall. How many years? How many years? How many years? How many years? It wasn't the whole diary wasn't about it.  South Carolina day, Lang. The page had a couple guys on there. Why is she so petty? She wasn't petty. She was keeping a record. But what?  You can't say nothing. Maybe that's why she put it there to see if you ready to get some meat bills. That fragile ego spoke for me.   She's like, what? I read your notepad, yo. You have my name.  You know what she hit me with? You know what she hit me with? Yeah, I must have saw why you were sleeping or something. Like, wow. Nah, that's what's up, bro. It was cold outside. That hurts my ever.  Nah. So with all due respect.  Bro, how big do you think it grew? I don't know. I'm just saying, what was she... I've always been eight. So it's just like, when you see that, it's kind of like a shock. Don't you want to know what she was taking that was big? No, no, no. I know what it was. What? Whoa. She saw it when it wasn't hard.  No, this was... This is definitely... This is happening. This is definitely... Son, son. What Beyoncé song do we have for this? It's showing Big Ego. Big Ego. Big Ego. Big Ego. Nah, it's a slow spot, though. But to slew the call, that's all it boils down to. We've got to buck her up. Nah, slew the call, man. What is happening right now, bro?  If you've never joined this podcast, this is the rollercoaster ride we take you on, okay? But nah, slew the call. Sounds like she had some rollercoasters. I don't remember nobody in there being big, though. I'm lying. You remember the name and everything.  You know how it was written in cursive? I remember his name to his date. To his date. I feel bad for y'all, man. Why? Because it can't grow.  What are you talking about?     That's what this is about.  Well, technically, actually, all y'all had pussies before. Like, when y'all were babies. That's actually true. I told you why. You don't believe nobody. You started out with a vagina, bro. Yes, you do. It's like a taphole. When I come out, I already had my meat, though, right? You already had your... Like, what is motherfucking day?  Because nobody remember us when we was young. You know what I'm saying?  I'm just saying. Oh, my God. What are we thinking, Nick Cannon? Spreading his seeds early. He's about to have baby number seven. Oh, I thought that he... This was the fourth one born this year. That's what I'm talking about. Different women? Lil Duvall tweeted that Nick Cannon having babies.  And then the Shader room posted that clip on how it started. He basically was like, he don't think he's going... I don't see the problem. The fourth baby this year with how many different women? Four, I hope. Four, because he got two sets of twins. Is it four? Yeah, because he got... I mean, it's two then. I don't see the problem. The more he can afford it, right? And number two, when I heard that he was having another baby, I said, Nick is a very strategic person. He's doing this for a reason. And there's some people that do that. There's OGs out here that's like, y'all want to spread my seed. Yeah, but that's how I feel. At the end of the day, they're probably... Well, I know I'm gonna be good because I'm with Nick Cannon by all block. Y'all don't know what kind of understanding Nick got with his woman. You don't know what kind of understanding they have. Of course not. But I'm just saying, it just seems like... It doesn't seem like nothing. We got to stop this from me. No, no, no. Let me ask you a question. You can assume a little. Andrew. Yeah. Would you do it? Would you do it? No. But you don't see... You don't understand... Ideally, I would not have four children in one year with two different women. No. Say you're in his position. Yes. And you have a sickness or whatever. Yeah. Would you be just spreading wildfire? No, because I would want to spend as much time as I possibly could. That's what I'm thinking. That don't mean he's not, though. Because he's a busy guy already. That's what I'm saying. They're not all on the same roof. That's all I'm saying. I just will win. A coach? I'm making a lot of assumptions. Come on, man. So you think all of them are on the same roof? No, they may not be on the same roof. That don't mean he can't spend time with them. I'm not saying that. We're not saying that. Yeah. It means he'll spend less. We know that for a fact. Sure. So ideally, and again, you guys have kids. I don't have kids. So I'm completely ignorant here. But I'm sure when you have kids, you want to be around them as much as you can. And I'm sure Nick will spend as much time as he possibly can. I'm not saying you want to be a bad dad or anything. I'm saying he is one. I'm just saying I will want my whole family. I want to want to just keep spreading. I'm going to be honest with you. I don't think there's anything wrong with it. Because it's actually kind of dope. You meet different women, different women that you vibe with. They down. And it's literally like breeding. Yes. Like you're breeding. You're breeding with different individuals. All the kids. All the kids. All the kids. All the kids. So what future is doing is fine, too, then. You said what? What future is doing is fine, too. Because he has, how many be moms? If it's strategic? As long as he can take care of them kids, it's okay. That's what matters at the end of the day. That's it. What matters is are you taking care of the kids? Are you in the kids life? Like, what else matters? The birthday parties, they all come together. All the moms understand what their situation is. They all come together. We're also assuming they all understand, right? Exactly. We're making a lot of difference. I don't know. I don't know. Hopefully they do.  Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. And then it gets kind of a little ripalicious like, I don't know. Kids don't want money. Exactly right. Yeah, they don't know nothing about it, yeah. I'm sure he'll give them time, man. Yeah, I'm sure. I'm sure you have them together.  So like your experience with having kids will always going to be bad. All the people that got multiple baby moms, You understand that's crazy.


The development of flexible electronics has been greatly influenced by nature, as many of its components have been inspired by natural structures and processes. This includes materials such as graphene, which was discovered in graphite and silk fibers, which can be used to create lightweight, strong and flexible electronic devices. Additionally, nature has provided inspiration for the development of sensors, batteries and other components. Furthermore, researchers have begun to explore ways to integrate nature into flexible electronics, such as using bacteria to produce bio-electronic materials and using plants to generate energy. As these technologies continue to evolve, it is important to maintain a balance between nature and technology, ensuring that both remain sustainable and viable. This article was authored by Panpan Wang, Meng Meng Hu, Hua Wang and others.


That's very important. So the first move is you're going to raise it up. The second move is, once you raise it up, this one drops to here and then grabs. At the same time, this one's going to come underneath, slide it out, and then grab the back or side of the dummy. Keep your elbow low, making contact here. Keep your shoulder as low as possible.


Hello everybody, E here. Welcome to something completely new. I don't know if any of you guys are gonna like it.  But without further ado, E here. So it has been brought to my attention that some of you would like to see vlogs from me. So I'm going to show you the walking track that I've been doing. Sorry, this is like lap 11, I think. And I'm tired. I'm sweaty. I'm hot. So without further ado, this is my walking track. Hey, I got a schoolhouse, old schoolhouse. I don't use it anymore. There's a bathroom there on the right. And then a gazebo way over there. I don't know if you can see it. It is a brick church, my vehicle, a playground, and then all the way back to that gazebo over there. They walk horses out here.  Adds a, you know, a feeling of adventure trying to mist the horseshit. Y'all, I'm tired. Alright, so if you're in case you're wondering what I was listening to, I had the earbuds in. I'm listening to Harts and Atlantis to refresh my memory. Because after I get done with this string, these last nine episodes of Thursday theorist, once I get done with that, I'm going to take probably a week break and I'm going to jump right back into it with Harts and Atlantis and then I'm going to do all of the novella collections out of order because of the way I want to talk about them. So and then we're going to do the short story collections. Then we're going to do the collaborations. And then we're going to do the Dark Tower series. No, the Bachman books before the, no, we'll do them after the collaborations. So the Bachman books will be last before we go into the Dark Tower. Anyways, so I'm going to go home and take about eight showers. I'm not driving, by the way. I didn't want anybody to think that I was driving. I'm just sitting here.  I promise. Back again. Fiber, the new fire pit. $200 at Lowes. Really nice. Anyway, it is Mother's Day and we are about to grill out, have a cookout. Then we are going to put some logs in the new fire pit. It's a very chill day. If you follow me on Twitter, it was an exciting morning, though. But Mother's Day is coming to an end.  Right now, my mother is inside and Shell is inside. But soon we will all be out here enjoying ourselves. There's the ever famous Ashie. Ash. Yeah, say hi. Hey, yeah, what's up? What are we doing? Cooking out.  Not really. They're older playing dolls. She's so pretty. Oh, there's Chris. Say hi, Chris. What are we doing tonight, Chris?  Just like a little brother. And I'm taking torches. I feel like a white supremacist. Because they don't want to. Come here. They said you can't tell me what to do, human. Or yourself. Don't burn myself. No, it's going to stick to the spatula. Open spray the spatula. I don't have no spray. Butter it. Butter it. You want me to butter the spatula? We need to have a discussion on how to cook. We're going to butter the spatula, y'all. This is how we butter the spatula. I got a spatula. Ah, what that is. Oh my goodness. Okay, so... I've been in the vent for a couple of days. Mother's Day, as you guys saw in the last couple of clips. By the way, I'm back at the track, the same track you guys saw in the first clips. This is Tuesday. That was Saturday? Sunday? I don't even remember at this point. Last two days have been hectic. Got into some drama with another author. For the first time, not my fault. That's kind of weird being that predicament. So right after that, on Mother's Day, as you saw in the video, we were doing a cookout, we get done eating. And my mom says, what are your plans tonight? I was like, I don't know. I'm just going to go home and probably read and relax. She goes, well, I've had chest pains for an hour and a half. And I think I need to go to the emergency room. Y'all, I've never been so terrified in my life. So we're on the way up to... I'm laughing as Gallo's humor for me now. It wasn't funny at the time. It's still not really funny. It's more that I can't believe it. My mother told me, I didn't want to ruin your meal. Mind you, it's Mother's Day. Mother's Day. And this is my mother telling me she didn't want to ruin my meal because she was having chest pains. So, okay, we get up to the emergency room. They rush her back. They do all the tests. She's fine. They're thinking it was her blood pressure. They put her in observation overnight. They admitted her, put her in observation. In the morning, her blood pressure was nuts. So they kept her throughout the morning and the mid-afternoon and then finally released her that night. Then I come home to even more drama from Mr. Author Man. And if you follow me on Twitter, you can look at it. I'm done with it. I'm done with the drama.  I had set a stack of books beside my bed because I was entering them into Goodreads last night. And I got done and I just didn't put them back. So this morning I spilled coffee all over them. They stain sides, not the spines, but the side where you can see the paper, those are stained, brand new books too. You'll see them in the book haul when I eventually get it done. And then I go over to my mother's house to see how she's doing. I open up the freezer to get ice and I drop a bag of blueberries. The blueberries burst all over the place. Now I'm fully expecting to have a coronary while I'm out here walking. So anyways, I'm kidding. Of course, like I said, it's Gallo's humor.  Those first four laps, I did 12. Those first four laps are murder. But once you get over, at least once I get over those first four laps, it's not as bad. I guess everything starts to warm up. I don't know the science of it. I'm not a fitness expert. I'm just trying to be less fat. I mean, that's just it, right? I got kids to live for.  The dropping the coffee, dropping the blueberries. And when I say I dropped the blueberries and they burst, I'm talking about the bag busted open and the blueberries went everywhere. But I got to thinking about these things and then I thought about mom and her mortality and my mortality and all that stuff and got to thinking real deep.  It just doesn't matter. I don't know why I let my headspace be occupied by stuff that doesn't matter. I don't know why any of us do it. Out here walking, I get to actually decompress and I get to actually think, it's tough. I mean, I'm sweating, I'm hot. My face is the same color as my bandana. It's hard work, but it's worth it.


We had a very good first session. I'm really delighted. We started off with very wise words from Ravi and a welcoming speech from Harris Kunawan. So now on to our technical part of this session, which we have two sessions. Session one is basically focusing on the biophysical attributes, which are soil, climate, water, and greenhouse gas emissions. And without going in much detail, because we'll have a discussion session where we can touch upon these topics. I would like to introduce our first speaker, which is Professor Mark Reed. He is Professor of socio-technical innovation at Newcastle University. He's joining us from UK. His research is focused on enhancing the sustainability and resilience of peatlands and agri-food ecosystems. So here he will be talking about identifying core biophysical criteria and indicators for peatland monitoring and research. So without further ado, the floor is yours, Professor Mark Reed. Thank you very much indeed. It's a pleasure to be with you all. So as you are all aware, research is showing the protecting, restoring, and sustainably managing our peatlands can play an important role in combating climate change. But the task of creating national peatland policy is far from simple. Benefits for the climate may come at the expense of benefits already enjoyed by local communities and interventions that work in one location may have disastrous consequences when applied in a one-size-fits-all approach. Now, I think it's easy to criticise policy makers when things go wrong, but I think researchers need to take some of the blame. The reason I say this is that researchers have a nasty habit of making policy recommendations from single studies. I know that I've been guilty of this myself when my research funder has told me to make a policy brief at the end of my project. I've always tried my best to come up with something useful that could be done in policy or practice on the basis of my research. But what happens when another researcher comes along with contradictory findings and makes opposing recommendations to the very people I just briefed? Well, maybe one of us got the wrong answer, or perhaps we actually measured different things in different ways, or perhaps differences between our study sites might account for the apparent contradiction. Clearly, this is no way to make good policy, and the civil servants among us know, of course, that their task is to synthesise evidence from a patchwork of multiple studies and sites rather than relying on single studies, no matter how persuasive the evidence of that one study might be. But there is a problem. The majority of systematic reviews are unable to find enough high-quality evidence that can be synthesised because everyone is measuring different things. If two groups measure the same thing, say water table depth, they may measure it in very different ways using very different methods, which means we still can't synthesise their data. Even if they measure the same thing in the same way, the two groups might present their data in ways that prevent synthesis. For example, omitting crucial contextual details like the location or the altitude at which the data was collected. So I don't know if I'm comparing like with like. As a result, it can often be difficult to directly compare people into policy options because researchers have evaluated each policy option in different ways. For example, whether a policy option enhances biodiversity or mitigates climate change. It's also difficult to combine insights from different studies about the same issue when studies measure different indicators in different ways or do not fully or consistently report their data. Data that can't be used is, I would suggest the ultimate fieldwork fail. If you want a good laugh, have a look at the fieldwork fail hashtag and book which sadly features me running around at Ugandan Forest, Sammy Naked. More seriously though, the upshot of all this is that many decisions in policy and practice are informed by the results of individual studies which are often later contradicted by the findings of subsequent research. Now, a large group of us are currently tackling this through a collaboration with the International Tropical Peatland Center and input from around 50 researchers from every major tropical peatland in the world. Our goal is ambitious. We want to change the way peatland's data is collected and reported around the world so that more and more people collect data on the same variables in ways that can be synthesized. Ultimately, the goal is to facilitate meta-analysis that can enable more evidence-based policy and practice. I'm coordinating a team with Cal Stewart and Dylan Young from the universities of Newcastle and Leeds and the Global Peatlands Initiative to standardize the collection of environmental data so it can be combined from multiple studies and sites to better inform policy and practice. After trialling the process in UK peatlands, we've now replicated it for tropical peatlands and hope to extend the approach to other peatlands around the world in future. A number of those present here on the webinar met in Indonesia earlier last year to identify the key indicators that should be measured in tropical peatlands. This year, then, we supplemented these variables and went through a prioritization process with the tropical peatland research community to identify the most important indicators or core outcome measures, as we're calling them, that the majority of experts agree need to be measured if we want to understand the health of our tropical peatlands. The analysis of our tropical data will be completed next week, and I can send that to anyone who's interested. But to give you a feel for what this might look like, here are the most important climatic indicators that were prioritized for the measurement in the UK. What we call in this approach, the climate core outcome set. Looking at the first five rows in the list here, you can, it's not the first five, the first five that are rated green on the right-hand side of the screen. You can see that there is strong agreement that we need to measure rate of peat accumulation. That's a hard word to say. Peatland extent and peat composition, great. So far, so good. These will be in the core set of key indicators we will recommend for measurement in the UK. However, there's less agreement over the importance of measuring, say, peat buildup behind dams or dust losses. That doesn't mean that those indicators shouldn't ever be measured. If they're important for your particular study, then of course you should prioritize them, but you will do so in the knowledge that there may be few others measuring these. And as a result, there is less likelihood that your data may be used in future meta analysis to inform wider policy and practice. The next step is to move to methods and we're identifying reliable methods that could be used to collect data for each of the priority indicators, ranging from highly accurate, but expensive and time consuming methods that are the domain of researchers to methods that can be used by non-researchers and those with limited resources. As Ravi said earlier on, this is really important if we want to engage communities in citizen science, or if we want to enable practitioners and other organizations with limited resources to collect reliable data on the key variables that have been prioritized. Before I finish, I'd like to do a quick pitch for the Global Peatlands Initiative research working group. We'll be launching a call for new members in the next few weeks. So give me your email address. If Tanya can put this into the chat for us now, then you can click on the link and complete the survey. It's just one field, so very quick. And you'll get also access to a training program which is open to all peatland researchers starting with a session in December on writing more competitive funding goods. You'll get a research agenda that we've put together with key unanswered peatland research questions and a list of potential funders and a report detailing the 50 most recent peatland research projects that have been funded are under review or are in development around the world. And of course, if you have your own projects, you want to answer that email me, I would love to add that to the list. So get in touch by giving me your email address and that is a great way of staying in touch with this work and I'll also be updating this group with the work that we're doing on these core outcomes sets or key indicators. So finally, to conclude, I think if we're serious about evidence-based policy and practice, initiatives like this are of crucial importance. This initiative won't instantly enable us to harmonize data to create accurate global peatlands maps, although I'd love it if it could. It's not gonna provide evidence synthesis to support the next decision that you need to make, but we must stop and think about how we collect and report data now if we want the data we collect to enable more evidence-based policy and practice in years to come. Thank you, Professor Reed. That was bang on time. I'm really impressed. I hope other speakers will also follow suit and thank you for sharing all the interesting ideas and I know you have done this kind of exercise so we all can learn from there. So moving on to our next speaker of this session, we have Dr. Crystal Hargulash. She is a senior scientist with C4's Climate Change Energy and Low-Carbon Development Group. Crystal has more than 15 years of experience conducting research on climate change mitigation in tropical countries, including Indonesia, Peru, Costa Rica. She studies biogeochemical impacts of forest degradation and land use changes on greenhouse gas fluxes and how this affects the carbon stocks. Today she will be sharing her knowledge on peatlands, particularly talking about how do we monitor tropical peatlands and greenhouse gas emissions and whether our current knowledge is sufficient? What can we do? How can we use it? So more details from Crystal. Over to you, Crystal. Thank you. Thank you, Rupesh, for the introduction and good day everyone. I'm very pleased to participate in this webinar on criteria and indicators for tropical peatland restoration. In my talk, I will present our state of knowledge on peat-greenhouse gas emissions from land use and land use change in the tropics and their controls and we'll underline some critical gaps. So tropical peatlands play a prominent role as a global carbon pool with an estimated worldwide carbon stock of 350 tons of carbon in the soil, which excludes large stocks in the vegetation, especially in forests. Christine Pittsburgh Forest of Indonesia store 200 tons of carbon per hectare in the phytonas and about twice as much per meter of peat. These tremendous amounts of carbon stored in soils result from higher litter inputs than decay losses in anoxic conditions over the long term. Emissions of greenhouse gases from the peat arise from a range of activities and microbiological processes, which vary according to vegetation cover and environmental dynamics. Peat carbon dioxide emissions originate from net peat decomposition loss called on-site CO2 emissions in the IPCC guidelines. This loss is the balance between carbon entering the peat through little fondant root mortality and carbon exiting by microbial decomposition of the organic matter, which is also called soil heterotrophic respiration. CO2 is also lost via dissolved carbon exports and through fires. Nitrous oxide emissions stand from peat decomposition and from nitrogen application in fertilized systems. Finally, methane emissions form from soils through microbial decomposition and fires, but also from ditches. So this figure shows the complexity of the mechanisms underlying peat greenhouse gas emissions and the efforts that are needed to account for all of them. I will now present some results for Southeast Asia based on our contribution to the 2013 IPCC guidelines and additional research. In the region, pristine peat swarm forests act on average as a small greenhouse gas sink with larger on-site CO2 uptakes than accumulated losses from nitrous oxide and methane emissions and DOC exports. The average budget of greenhouse gases may be very different in regions of the Amazon basin, where we and others measured very large emissions of methane with a budget therefore highly dominated by these greenhouse gas, as you can see in the bottom figure. After drainage and conversion, peat soils become very large sources of greenhouse gases, especially in land uses such as acacia plantations or annual crop plants, including rice fields. The greenhouse gas budget is dominated by CO2 except in sheltering systems such as sagopal plantations. But our knowledge on the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from tropical peat soils remains incomplete and preliminary. For instance, the nitrous oxide emission factors of the IPCC used for combining the greenhouse gas budgets in my former slide likely underestimates substantially actual emission rates from peat decomposition. These factors were based on very limited N2O flux data of low magnitude while large emission rates have been recorded since then. As you can see on this figure, the contribution of N2O to peat greenhouse gas budgets is 2% using IPCC emission factors. Whereas when we consider instead the large emissions from peat decomposition observed in all plantations in Indonesia, this contribution goes up to 12 to 15%. Furthermore, emissions in degraded labs that are undrained also proved to be substantial. We measure peat greenhouse gas fluxes in undrained primary and secondary forests in Indonesia and found a peat greenhouse gas budgets warm order of magnitude larger in secondary forest than in primary forest. Results show that secondary forests emitted much more CO2 but also nitrous oxide than primary forests. In the Peruvian Amazon, we looked at how sustainable forest management affected peat greenhouse gas fluxes and found peat greenhouse gas emissions in highly degraded conditions, twice the emission measured in pristine conditions. And what happens after we wait in a drain site? As you can see on the right side of the figure, the peat remains a source of greenhouse gas according to assumptions as we currently lack data. On site CO2 emissions and nitrous oxide emissions were assumed to be zero by the IPCC while dissolved carbon exports and methane emissions were assumed to be similar to labels in pristine conditions. And what happens after restoration? There are no data and no assessment either as emissions will highly depend on the type of restoration that is implemented. We need proxies for a cost-efficient monitoring of different types of activities conducted in peatlands. These proxies are typically derived from a process-based modeling or more empirical approaches. In both cases, solid, long-term and consistent data sets are required. As an example, we can cite the soil-CN ratio, which is used to scale nitrous oxide emissions from drained forest histosols to national labels in freedom. Notwithstanding, identifying generic proxies is difficult as key controls of greenhouse gas fluxes may vary among land uses and drainage practices. For instance, while methane fluxes are chiefly controlled by the water table labeled in and drain systems, this is not the case in drained land uses. Furthermore, different processes are governed by different controls. So for monitoring on-site pH CO2 emissions, which result from microbial decomposition and plant-related processes, it is not straightforward to determine which proxies would be the most suitable. For this emission factor, which is critical as it contributes importantly to peak greenhouse gas budgets, the best option for identifying proxies would be to conduct process-based modeling. Finally, another difficulty in defining adequate proxies arises from lack of data because some key controls of greenhouse gases are seldom reported, such as, for instance, mineral nitrogen contents and dynamics. I would like to finalize my presentation with some take-home messages. We need more data on peak greenhouse gas emissions and their controlling factors for the tropics. Notably, we need to conduct research to understand the rates before and after reweighting and restoration. We also need more research outside of Southeast Asia. We need good quality data. As we noted these recent years, a tendency towards short-term experiments with low measurement frequency. Finally, we need to process-based model peak greenhouse gas fluxes in the tropics for enhanced understanding of the complex and interactive processes and adequate identification of easily measurable and reliable proxies. I thank you very much for your attention. Thank you, Crystal. That was also exactly on time. So I'm very pleased. Thank you so much for providing all this detailed nuances when we are studying or conducting research in peatlands and trying to identify when or how they work as sinks of sources. So these are very important topics to keep in mind, particularly when we are looking at the criteria indicator approaches. And we will have, I think, very rich discussion at the end. So I would not spend much time here and I will go directly to our next speaker. I'll introduce Professor Gusti Ansari. He is a professor and chair of the master's program of environment and soil science department at Tanjumpura University in Indonesia. He's an expert in tropical peatland ecosystems and has published a large number of scientific publications related to these unique ecosystems and broadly on climate change issues. Today, he will be sharing his insights and he will be talking about a framework for restoring degraded tropical peat swamp forests. So the floor is yours, Professor Gusti Ansari. Thank you very much, Rupesh. Good afternoon and good morning for everybody. I'm glad to be here to give this presentation. Thank you very much for this opportunity. Let me share my screen. Can I have my screen? Yes, perfect. Go ahead. So the title of my presentation is Change to Be a Framework for Restoring Degreed Tropical Peat Swamp Forest. So I would like to emphasize tropical peat swamp forest is very unique because it's a forest. So just fall in South Asia, Congo and Amazon. So the size may be around 38 to 40 million hectares. But in Indonesia is the largest tropical peat swamp forest in Southeast Asia. So covering maybe around the latest data by the government on the 13.4 million hectares. Previously, we might have until 20 million hectares of tropical peat swamp forest occurring in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua. So the interesting thing, the more the non-tropical and tropical peat peatland ecosystem contains black water. But in the tropical peat forest, the black water contains a lot of aquatic fauna, in particular a lot of fish species. Organic meters of wood de-vegetation compared to the sphagnum biomass in the non-tropical peat. And vegetation communities adapting to inundation and also poor soil fertility. So as you know, the main function of these tropical peat swamp forest is our water storage because it's considered as wetlands and also as Crystal already described as a carbon sink. And also important here, provision of timber and other economic goods. And also habitat for wildlife is the most important, just like Orangutan. Also, so you can see this Orangutan on the graded tropical peat swamp forest in Katapang because of land use changes here. So this destroy their habitat and also change the peat properties. Also change our peat hydrology. And also degrees of degradation of tropical peat swamp forest is really dependent on the resource extractive regime. But as you know that most of our tropical peat swamp forest is acceptably or continuously locked all over Indonesia. So the underlying cause of the peat degradation in Indonesia, first of all of course deforestation for different purposes, from timber also to comfort the forest into agriculture of drainage and also planting the tropical peat with introduced plant species in agriculture like oil palm, other crops. So these are simpler degrees of degradation. This is not really good indicator maybe, but just enough. So selective timber removal without drainage, maybe the degree is low but Crystal said it's a very high emission. Selective timber removal with manual and shallow drainage maybe medium or intermediate, clean cutting, deep drainage and significant land cover change into shrub and culture uses and planted monocultures will be high degradation degrees. So this is a very qualitative statement. So what are the restoration options of degraded peat are not easy and also can be not cheap but should be manageable or affordable I agree with Professor Ravi. So that's why we need to determine the restoration priority. In fact the objective of restoration is to facilitate tropical peat forest as a super organization to refurbish both economic and tropical ecological function. So for example this is a restoration option, the first priority maybe on Andrain log offer secondary peat forest. As you know why I mentioned Andrain log offer secondary peat forest most all of tropical forest in Indonesia I would say is already locked. So in log offer secondary peat forest we can hope to do natural vegetation regeneration and planting enrichment if possible and the second priority maybe drain log offer secondary peat forest and of course because there is drainage we need to do canal blocking or refilling and also we should promote natural vegetation regeneration and also we do some planting enrichment. Most difficult the forest peat and other drain peat. So we need construction due to some construction of hydrological engineering. So we need to have a water table monitoring replanting native species also in particular on protected peat. It's very difficult to replanting trees on the graded peatland in Indonesia because we cannot find enough material seed material. So these are adopted from FAO restoration framework. So for example restoration on drain log of tropical peat forest we need to define the objective. For example here to restore a high ground water table and to pass limited natural regeneration processes. So of course we need to have a mean of activities or management. We need to do the mapping. We need to assess the water balance. We need to have the hydrological construction plan and we do vegetation analysis and also we can including a planting arrangement and then we need to evaluate also what are those. For example measurement of the ground water table maybe twice a year or maybe more or maybe every week it depends on their context. We need to measure soil moisture maybe during the dry and wet season and of course we need to measure subsidence range maybe once a year and analysis of natural vegetation regeneration maybe once a year or once every five years or other things or maybe measurement of carbon stock and so on. And of course very important to have the validation. We need to have the online availability of reporting and supplement data in order to encourage public access. For example the forest because it belongs to the state okay. Okay this is my last slide in conclusion. So restoration of the grid pit is a very long term program can be more than 10 years and restoration programs consist of yeah specific objective means of detailed activities evaluation any characters and tool reporting means of validation. I think that's all my presentation. Thank you very much for your attention. I go give back to you Rufes. Thank you Fagusti. Thank you for finishing your presentation also a little bit before time. So I'm very thankful for all the speakers of this session and now we have some time left for discussion. What I was planning on doing is to just pose a couple of questions myself to sort of get the discussion get started and then we can also revisit some of the questions that our audience have asked and then depending on time you can address that. So I'm sort of trying to give a couple of I would say questions in a general rather than focusing in it to particular speaker but as a summary of this session and please feel free to answer respond to my thoughts as you think that you can answer. So what we heard today was kind of a broad range of topics which are obviously coming from biophysical aspects but the idea was sorry sorry I had a timer set so you finished before. So the broad set of criteria and indicators and how we can fit this data that we have collected that we have into these kind of criteria and indicators. So Professor Reed shared how this idea of having good data may not help in synthesizing because somewhere there is a difference in measurement, somewhere the data is not reported. So how do you reconcile that? What are the mechanisms and how we go about it? And then Crystal showed in her presentation that can we use proxies like modeling as one of the approach to fill up those gaps. And then Professor Gusti Ansari shared how the restoration when we're talking about PTA restoration it's a long term exercise and it needs to to be based on specific objectives which are followed with good practice monitoring and validation. So this was a very very good kind of a summary of these topics and you share a lot of information. My question is directly how do you go about doing it in terms of when you have those very many approaches of data collection reporting and all that? How do you distill it into simple people-centric criteria and indicators? And I'm going back to what Trevi mentioned that people should be the focus. People who are implementing it, it has to be simple and the idea of having good enough approaches. So how do you go about it in practical sense? Anyone? Crystal, Professor Reed, Professor Gusti Ansari? Yeah. Yeah, ultimately I think there are two approaches to this. There is a top-down approach and a bottom-off approach. I think both are equally valid. So the initiative that my colleagues and I have been working on is a top-down approach to this that we start with the science. What is the full range of possible criteria and indicators available that are known to science? Can we then using scientific expertise get this to a priority list of ones which we know are accurate and reliable and necessary to measure? And then the second stage is that we then look at methods for measuring each of those. And we're looking now for the scientific methods which will be highly accurate, but perhaps time-consuming and expensive through to perhaps proxy methods that could be used by citizen scientists and practitioners. And we then have a menu of different methods accessible to different people for each of those indicators. The bottom-off approach suggests starting with the communities themselves and asking the question, how do you know if a peatland is healthy or unhealthy, degraded, restored? And from my own experience of doing this in various different contexts, you get incredible information from these people which overlaps significantly with the scientific understanding. And now you have a subset of the scientific indicators that we know that we also know are currently already understood and measured by local communities. And I'll put a link in the question and answer to a paper that I wrote on how to do that. And my PhD in fact was primarily on this community-based indicator measurement. It is possible. Okay, thank you. Anything to add, Crystal or? Yes, can I? Yes, please. So, I would suggest to go through education. So, we have an experience with the private company in Ketapan. So, first, we try to as a primary school to educate what the peatland is there because they don't know what are the peatland because they don't have the subject. And through this education, we ask them to do the camping and then we replant the trees. And then we hope that later on they could also monitor the tree growth and to study the peatlands because we really need to change the perspective on the peatlands because in other domain because peatland is just used for planting oil palm or other crops. So, here it is important to restore the peatland and the peatland restoration should become a daily talk among the communities in the local. So, it's very, well, in next time, yeah, so next time. So, you're advocating changing of behavior through awareness and communication. That's a very, very valid point. I think that we touched on this quite, you know, clearly in this keynote. Crystal, any thoughts? You are muted by the way. So, yeah, go ahead. Yeah, thank you, Rupert. I agree with Gusti that capacity, but building and communication is very, very important. And I can see the difference between Indonesia and Peru. In Peru, policymakers, practitioners, students are not even aware about the huge amount of carbon that is stored in these peatlands. And so, it's very important. And also this video that was shown to us before with journalists being brought to the field to learn about and afterwards to communicate about peatlands is very important. The next thing is about, you know, using different methods or how different methods are applied and how to combine the results. Of course, it's always a bit tricky. And for instance, when we combine emission factors for the IPCC, we had to use results from different methods. And I can cite what I presented, the flux difference approach and subsidence also, which gives very different types of results that we had to combine. And we had to use the expert judgment several times to be able to combine these different results from different methods. Thank you. Thank you, Crystal. Yeah, so that was very, very good and succinct response. I'm very happy. This is a very invigorating discussion. There are a few questions that have come in our question and answer box. I was trying to monitor them, look at them. So there were initial questions for Ravi. Unfortunately, Ravi's connection was disrupted due to heavy rain in Goa. So he could not be in the meeting. But we have sent these questions over email and he will be responding to those either before our session runs out and we'll post it here. But he has already. So that's good. So now for this session, there are questions which were, a couple of them were directed to Professor Reed and to Crystal. And I think they are kind of specific in terms of your paper and publications and modeling. So if you don't mind typing them in, I think that would be good. There's one interesting question. I will touch that and we'll have quick short discussion and then we'll move on to session two. One question was regarding fire. So I just want to mention our next session covers fire aspects. So please stay tuned. We will be talking about fire in our next session. And the question is from a gentleman, Abhinandan Saikia. He's asking whether we need to, to discard the notion of best practices and in place we can perhaps use something like local, local based pragmatic information, keeping in mind the importance of collective wisdom and scientifically rigor, vigor. So what he's, I think, saying is to blending these two aspects together where, which is also what we have been sort of discussing and advocating as a part of our approaches that these criteria indicators who will be using and how we can bring together. So that is very much true. But I'm not 100% sure whether I can really say whether it's better to use best practices or it's better to use local based pragmatic information. I think at the end of the day, if you think about it, pragmatic means what is in, in practice. And when it's local based information, which is combining scientific vigor and local wisdom, then it will obviously be best practices. That is my take. But if you have any, anything to add, very quick, very briefly, 30 second age. Anyone, Paik Daniel or any, any of our panelists? I've written a few papers about how to combine local and scientific knowledge of indicators. I'll put them into the question and answer. But there are methods for doing this. The key message is that we can't romanticize and accept unquestioningly all local knowledge equally. We should not unquestioningly accept what we all think is received wisdom in the academic world as well. All need to be tested and weighed before deciding what actually will work. And you can combine the two knowledge bases, it is possible. Great. Any parting thoughts before we officially kind of end session one and move to session two? Before you move to session two, Rupesh, can I read what Ravi answered to the questions? Yes, please. That would be great. Okay. I think the gentleman who asked question to Ravi was about the communication. He is Mr. Margianto. What kind of communication means would be very effective to do this kind of work? And Ravi responds that based on his experience, using the local language is very important. So if we have scientists working in the field, make sure they can also understand at least clues about the local languages. And then the means can be video, can be radio, sorry, or even TV. So video is good, especially for communication with farmer to farmer type of video. So that's very, very effective. And the second question is related to the principle about good enough is better than perfect. Ravi respond is about optimizing the cost that is going to be spent to do this kind of work. So adding one digital decimal point in the numbers is not that important compared with a huge amount of cost that will accrue from this kind of exercise. So make sure if it is good enough, that's fine. No need to be too perfect. That's it. Thank you, Padunyan. So I again thank my esteemed panelist members to share their wisdom knowledge in this session. It was a very informative session.