This study found that trabeculectomy was more effective than Zengel implants in reducing intraocular pressure, IOP, over a period of 36 months. Trabeculectomies also had a higher rate of complete success, while Zengel implants had a higher rate of qualified success. Additionally, trabeculectomies had a lower incidence of postoperative complications such as flat chamber and bleb leakage. This article was authored by Danielle Zindico, Michelle Iesta, Carlo Alberto Cutillo, and others.


Microfluidic mixing has been shown to be an effective way to create lipid nanoparticle, LNP, CERNA systems with high encapsulation efficiency and low polydispersity index. This technique allows for precise control of the mixing process, making it suitable for large-scale production of LNPs. Furthermore, this method produces LNPs with a smaller size distribution than current methods, allowing for more efficient delivery of CERNA into cells. This article was authored by Nathan Embelevo, Jens Hufft, Paolo J. C. Lin and others.


Service members at Naval Station Rota interact with the local Spanish community through the great American pastime baseball We actually have a team a men's team called the Rota Blue Devils It's a great opportunity to play baseball. We played against the Chicana team they're from about 30 minutes up up the way It's a great opportunity for Spanish teams to get on on the base and have some fun with you know Interacting with the Americans and it's just they're all around good time for everybody Petty Officer Ryan Nyndorf describes that the team has given him a unique opportunity Playing ball in Spain. It's unreal You know you get the chance to come overseas and you don't know that you're gonna get to play baseball anymore You know, I thought I was done after high school But then you know you find that fight out to get a men's team and you know I've been to every major city in Spain basically playing baseball. It's a great opportunity Petty Officer Andrew Smith Rota Spain


Hello there everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Arma with the Stock Swoosh and I just wanted to wish everyone a very healthy and happy Thanksgiving. It's a time of the year where you kind of get ready for the holidays and you relax a little bit and you're with your friends and your family and you get all excited about all the festivities and things that are coming up between now and the end of the year. But it is also a time sometimes when people can get depressed or stressed out. Don't do that to yourself this year.  What am I going to do? I only have one month left to trade. Don't think like that. The best thing that you can do, and specifically because we're getting into a really significant year, 2020, there's some significance to that. In fact, let's look it up right now actually because I want to know myself because I know there is some significance because numbers have meaning. 2020 significance. Oh my gosh, it came right up. It came right up. Here we go. I didn't even google this until now. This is live. I just google it. The meaning of number 2020 symbolizes faith and trust in relationships. Wow, is that a good one for me or what? I seriously did not even look at this until right now. Seriously. All right, hold on, I'm not done. Wow, I'm going to read that again. The meaning of number 2020 symbolizes faith and trust in relationships. You can have the most amazing kind of love in the world, but if you don't trust or say faithful to your partner, it's all for naught. Wow. Wow, that is a wild one. There's a lot more here. We're going to explore all the meanings of 2020, but that was a good first one. I have to tell you. Let's relate that to you as a trader right now. Faith and trust in relationships. You know what it is? It's about faith and trust in yourself. If you're a person that's been attempting to trade the market and you've been failing or you feel like you've lost your way or you don't know where to go or what strategy to do or what to follow or who to follow, you have to trust yourself. One of the reasons that I credit myself for my own success is because I really have a lot of trust in myself. I listen to my instincts. I trust my instincts. In some ways, I'm an instinctual trader, which is how I develop my own system. The system is a criteria that I use, but I really develop that myself through my own instincts and trustworthiness in my own abilities, which I trust daily, whatever I'm calling trades. For all the trades that I put out in a whole calendar year, I really have to trust myself and then I'm trusting myself to say, well, this is going to go here and this is going to go there and Disney is going to move higher and the market's going to break out to new highs today, like I said that on Monday, which of course it did. Faith and trust in yourself, which is very important. If you don't have that trust in yourself, that confidence in yourself, that self-esteem, then you need to build it. It's very important, I think, to take the energy that you have right now, whatever's happened in your life, whatever you're feeling, whatever stress, let it go and take some positive momentum. Start right now as if tomorrow was January 1st, 2020 or as if it was happening in a week. Instead of thinking, oh gosh, I've got a month. Think, you know what? I'm going to start right now. 2020 in your mind, fresh start, fresh attitude, great perspective, trusting yourself, you're going to make all this money in 2020. You're going to have an amazing trading year, markets going to have an amazing year. You're going to do fantastic. You're going to be better than you ever had before.  Start putting all of that out there and take that positive momentum into the next year.  Start making the shift right now. It's very, very important to you that I'm doing that already myself. Actually, I've already been in this process myself about some things that I want to change and improve about my own life. That was a very interesting message. Let's just see if there's anything else that comes up here. Now, this came up when I googled 2020 year, but get this. Again, this just came up under this and there's their significance to this too. What does 2020 mean? Now, as you know, you've heard 2020 vision. Listen to this. 2020 vision is a term used to express normal visual acuity, the clarity or sharpness of vision. 2020, you can see clearly. 2020 is going to be a year when I can see very, very clearly, clearer than I've ever seen before. And you too. And you too. Yeah. We're going to continue to look at meetings for 2020 here. This is very interesting. It's the first time I did it today. I'm ready, starting to make a shift. The energy is changing. Things are moving forward and the momentum is coming in already. And 2020 isn't even here. Take what I'm saying seriously. If you really want to have a big year in 2020, you have to start thinking about it, acting, putting things into perspective. It is it's in your mind. It's creating it as if it's already happened and occurred. And I'm not the first person that said that. I'm sure you've heard that before. So I've really done it in my own life to create things that I wanted and desired. You've got to start thinking positively. You need more than that. If you want to be successful trading, you need the tools, the education, which you could learn from me. You also have to have a positive mindset though as well. It's very, very important, not just in trading, but in finances and business and life. So have a great, wonderful holiday, everybody. We'll talk about this more in the future. If you're interested in more information about the stocks, email me and Melissa at the stockswush.com. Have a great day and a great holiday.


Eddie house, Amina Smith here with the Nusseltys putting a beat down on the San Antonio Spurs 117 to 98. They win this game and they do it without Chris Stats, poor thing is no Derek White in tonight's matchup. Eddie, how did the Celtics dominate yet again against this first game? The game was over in the first half. They was up 25 in the first half. And you know, if we want to, I was doing a little bit, if you want to try to find something that you want to point to and say, Hey, you got to get better at because you always want to learn and it's better to learn from a win in the loss. It has to be the third quarter is not letting your foot off the gas. You had a 25 point lead a half time. You're gonna get outscored by nine in the third quarter.  They could make a little push, but you know, you got that cushion and you're gonna end up pushing past them in and winning the game. But I would like to see us in those third quarters, it becoming a habit of winning every single third quarter like that's a point of emphasis for this team, especially against a team like the San Antonio Spurs who are at the bottom of the Western Conference standings. All right, let's send out the Abby Chin, who's with Luke Cornette after the game. Luke, thank you, O'Shea, as well. Second start of the season and you draw the assignment of defending seven foot four, Victor Wimanyama. What is the approach when you're dealing with the player with that kind of link? I mean, really just stay up to the basket, make them have to make shots. When you have just phenomenal athletes perusing behind you, you know you've got a lot of safety with you. And it's weird because I feel like we could be like a wrap group, but kind of like, I don't know what that crew would be. I just be the baseline vocals. This thing got him in the background. All right. That's intriguing. Yes. Back to Victor. Yeah, you just try to make them make shots and he's gonna make some great plays and he's got to keep weather in the course. Storm? Weathering the storm. There you go. That could be the name of your band. Weathering the storm. I feel like we got to get some puns in there, but I'd have to work on that for a little bit. You guys were without two starters tonight, but with you and O'Shea, everybody, no matter who is out, you guys seem to step up and fill those roles, maintain that level. How much pride is that reserve unit taking that this season? Yeah, I mean, that's something that we know what to do throughout the season and whoever's name is called, be able to fill in. Derek was out and I summoned his abilities and got my first transition back tap steal my entire life. So that was pretty electrifying. But you know, we just trying to win the game at hand and whoever's available, we're just gonna figure it out and try to do that every single night. And I think we've done a great job with so far this season. You guys have now won 20 straight at home, a pretty special run. And then as we saw here, how would you describe the vibes with this team right now? phenomenal. Good vibes. Great. I don't really speak in terms of vibes. But I we're just kind of focused on the day at hand and win every game. And I try to we try not to be too caught up in what the results are, but more like kind of holding ourselves accountable. And knowing like every single game is opportunity to get better. Go the other direction. So I think you just take that responsibility of being a good team. And just knowing that. Thank you. Congratulations. The vibes immaculate. This Celtics team having fun as you can see right there in the interview with Scow, joining us live a court side 20 straight wins for this Celtics team inside of TD Garden Scow. What was your biggest takeaway after this one? Good vibes. Good vibes. Good vibes. Um, I mean, like I think today I felt like the Celtics were like, Okay, we're not gonna run it.  We're gonna work on our execution and there's no never in doubt in this game that they weren't just gonna keep going. Even in the third quarter, when you see that run, Celtics were just on another level today. And it's gonna be tougher to Spurs to continue. It's fun watching Wimby, but I'm not sure they're a long ways away from being like a marquee team. Eddie, how much are games like these against teams like the Spurs who have only won seven games so far this season opportunity for the Celtics to tune up and correct the mistakes they've made so far this season in past games. I think every game is a way that you could build on whatever you're trying to do was build on your identity, continue to polish and sharpen everything that you guys are. Um, but in a game like this is great for the others to get out there and get some rhythm and get execution and play with different lineups and things like that because when it comes down to the playoffs, you never know, you know, foul trouble can can happen and thing weird things happen in the playoffs and you want to see what matchups you could use, what what, you know, what rotation you could have, what guys mesh with what, but then also you want those guys to have rhythm coming in that you're gonna depend on Peyton Pritchett. We're gonna have to depend on him. We're gonna have to depend on Sam Houser in the playoffs and it is gonna be in crunch time.  So, these are the games that are great for players like that. You know, as a role player myself, these were games where you you want to keep your your your tools sharp. And Scout, what did you see out of those role players like a Peyton Pritchett, a Luke Cornette, who was in the starting lineup tonight? How were they able to help this Celtics team win? They were confident in what they were doing. They were confident that they were better than the guys they were going against and they could do what they want to on the floor. If if Peyton Pritchett wants to duck his shoulders and get to the rim, he could do that. You saw Brissette try to challenge Wimby twice. I know those guys just played with like a different level of confidence today, which is right up Eddie saying in the sense of if you're gonna be in a playoff game, you better believe in your game. There ain't no half-stepping out here if you want to if you want to succeed in the playoffs. Celtics dominating the Spurs yet again. Hey, I thought Mike was gonna crash the live shot just now. I thought he was gonna crash the live shot. I thought he was. He showed up with vibes. I feel like you just learned a cool new word, Scout, because you keep saying I don't know what vibes mean. What does that mean? No one knows what vibes mean. It's good. It's good. That's it. It's just a feeling. It's just a feeling. That's it. That's all you need to know. I'm vibing. That's what that's what I'm doing right now. That is a good context as well when you're vibing everything. Everything is going good. See, we teach you something here on this program, Scout. We can be young. I'll be vibing on Friday. Today I was just like whatever. I'm vibing on Friday though. When you're coming to town, I'll be vibing. Yeah, you will be vibing. The gas is up. The vibing, the vibes will be high that day.


The House of Representatives Special Committee, an amendment of the 1999 constitution, has rejected a bill seeking to confer immunity on presiding officers of the National Assembly and judicial officers. The presiding officers of the National Assembly are Senate President, Deputy Senate President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Deputy Speaker of the House. The bill, sponsored by Shagu or Deboume, is titled, Inact to Otas Section 308 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999, to extend immunity to cover presiding officers of the legislative institutions. A similar bill was introduced in the Eighth Assembly by the then-minority Delio Auger. The bill was, however, rejected by the lawmakers. Deboume is the sponsor of the Controversial National Broadcasting Commission Bill and the Nigerian Press Counter Bill. They also chaired a committee that approved suspension of Twitter by the federal government.


Ozone is an invisible upper atmospheric gas that protects all forms of life on Earth for most of the sun's damaging radiation. Radiation that can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and suppression of the immune system. The harvesting of fish and plant life are also affected. A vast amount of aquatic life has its beginnings in the oceans near Antarctica. False color imagery of the South Pole from NASA's Nimbus 7 satellite provides scientists with a roadmap of daily changes in the ozone. By tracking this imagery for the past nine years, they have discovered a trend. Each spring over Antarctica, a hole in the ozone develops, and it has been getting larger year by year. To date, as much as 50 to 60 percent of the ozone in this area has been lost. These discoveries prompted a coordinated series of Antarctic ozone experiments. Last fall, an international effort, including some 150 scientists and engineers from NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Science Foundation, and industry worked together for four months to study this alarming environmental issue. Scientists used ground-based instruments and launched balloon-borne payloads to sample air chemistry at McMurdo Station in Antarctica. At the same time, NASA's DC-8 Flying Laboratory studied the lower atmosphere, making long missions from Punta Arenas Chile into the area of ozone depletion. NASA's high-flying ER-2 plane, carrying a single pilot and a handful of sampling instruments, flew directly into a layer of atmosphere where the ozone was depleted. A number of activities contributing to ozone loss have been pinpointed by the scientific and policy community. No longer do canned aerosol products contain chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, but these harmful gases still get into the atmosphere because they are used as refrigerants, fire retardants, foam-blowing agents, and solvents. As long as this persists, ozone will continue to be lost. Initial findings from the summer's ozone expedition verify that there is a complex interplay between CFCs, chlorine-containing gases, and the meteorology in certain parts of the world. Ice crystals in the upper atmosphere convert the gases into a by-product that destroys ozone. These ice crystals usually only form in the atmosphere of the South Pole because it gets so cold. This may explain why other parts of the world are dramatically affected by the depletion. Scientists still do not understand all the mechanisms of change, but thanks to the work of so many, we will soon have a more complete understanding of ozone loss and its threat to the world environment. In the early 1990s, a new generation of atmospheric satellites will probe even further into the problem.


It's fantastic to be here. I'm Daniel I'm a rocket scientist at heart and I want to show you why space is no longer reserved for the billionaires as a Playground or the government's to do some shady and crazy stuff up there So let's talk all about a space. Why do we do space at all? Why go to space and I? want to start with what actually do people associate with space and Often time we would think about, you know Building satellites and this is also what the majority of the people actually think it's like putting satellites into space many Have I actually no idea what the satellites do in space? Going to moon and Mars is a very very big thing because obviously when you stand at night on the outside And you take a look at the glazing stars You would actually see satellites, but obviously you also see the moon and the Sun etc Now what's a little bit more interesting is That about a fifth of people associate with aliens because you know coming from the outside and actually Would like to preserve our small tiny little cozy planet and then why actually only 10% Star Wars? I think I should be more like 70% So space is actually not as I said the one playground for some tourists to go to space Who have too much money in their pockets But why we really need space is because we need it to actually manage our planet So about 90 95% of the entire space industry really is focused on making life better on the earth That could be anything from connectivity Beaming internet down from space or it could be earth observation to actually tell us when and where to harvest our crop Or how much water we actually need to put on an agricultural field? And so more and more also in the last about five years What we've seen is there's plenty of startups building satellites and satellite constellations Now one of the questions which probably many of you, but as well as many many other founders in this planet Ask themselves is how does the world actually look like in the future and what could be my role in that? I Think that in about 20 years every device on this planet will be connected now that actually might sound Reasonable, but if you think that about three and a half billion people on this planet Do not have access to internet as of today.  It's not that probably if you would ask a few politicians they would tell you Oh, there's data on the internet which tells you But where does data actually come from and satellites actually are generating more than half of all the data Based on which you actually determine how the health of this planet looks like What we need to do in order to make sure that we preserve it or can make it better And over the course of the last few months We've also seen more and more and more that we're already actually in attack and talent war And basically that's political geopolitical tensions are Quite important whereas over the course of the last few years We've been living in a quite nice and calm planet But then again space is actually already a playground also for the militaries and defense ministries of the world So what do satellites have to do with this a? satellite flies in space Another question is where actually is space and per definition It is that pretty much starting at exactly a hundred kilometers of altitude now you can throw something up into space I could throw up this thing up to a hundred kilometers And what would happen is the thing would pretty much exactly fall down from where I threw it up So objects and satellites stay in space because we accelerate them To an orbital speed which is at the low-earth orbit of about 500 kilometers of altitude about 28,000 kilometers an hour And that's also what we do with these are we build the rockets in order to accelerate the satellites Now if the satellite is flying at 28,000 kilometers an hour It's circumferencing the entire planet in 90 minutes So every one and a half hours you do an entire earth rotation with your satellite Which is great because the founders among you are thinking oh I can serve the entire planet with my first satellite already whether I gather the data in Helsinki or in the US or in Asia or in Africa It doesn't matter because the satellite is pretty much orbiting the planet over and over and over again for many many years Gathering valuable information now if you multiply that single satellite and Basically create a mesh of satellites such at any point in time you always have a satellite exactly above you Generating data or are providing a service from space you basically come out with a satellite constellation So in the past we've built single off one-off satellites as of today Most of the companies and startups in space are building big constellations to provide a real-time service on a global scale from day one Now there's one single thing where regardless of the application that you do in space you have to go through and that is the launch So whether a satellite actually does telecoms or earth observation You have to first get the satellites into space and this is also the role again that we at ESA do Now interestingly and probably many of you might not even notice is that the piece on the on this continent over the course of the last seven months luckily has been preserved due to satellites because The entire communications was actually one of the first systems which was brought down from the Russians in Ukraine But luckily Ukrainians had access to a satellite Constellations that will literally beam down internet from space with super low latencies And you could have 200 300 megabit per second of internet with a super small antenna about the size of a paper Now this obviously changes then the entire course sometimes of humanity Whereas some people do have access to space and some others don't but the important thing is we're trying to use space for the peace of humanity and For making sure that we can actually live on this planet for longer than just the next 50 years until hopefully We're not going to destroy this planet with all our emissions But really make sure that we create also a thriving commercial industry from it So the entire industry is expected to go Significantly to more than 3x of where we are today to above a trillion We're actually right already right now approaching half a billion half a trillion of revenue within the space industries Now if you take a look at a satellite what you see is basically electronics The smallest Standardized satellite is just 10 centimeters times 10 centimeters times 10 centimeters so basically half of a shoebox and You could literally go online right now with your phone on website of European companies and Order your satellite components get it into the basket and order your satellite at home or to your company That's not something which was available even just five years ago Now we have university spin-offs create huge companies actually I saw it being here a spin-off of the University in Helsinki and It's also no wonder that actually over the course of the last four years due to that access to technology We really have seen a major spike in satellites going to space and again It's not just for governments or for billionaires But it's for startups with investors who are here and who have already successfully funded many many satellites constellations for example That we really define a new operating system for planet Earth from space Now as you can also see almost all satellites which were launched to space over the course of the last year were super tiny satellites so 600 kilogram satellites, that's a little bit bigger than a fridge and Really going down to a small standardized satellites, which you can just buy online Now what we do with ESA we build the rockets to get all of those small satellites into space The rocket is actually Europe's largest and most powerful privately developed rockets We're fully privately financed and we're designing it to carry up to a thousand kilograms into space Whether it's for Earth observation satellites to tell us where and when we harvest crop How do you actually measure methane or co2 on a global scale? Again here, you're not gonna put a co2 sensor every hundred meters across the entire planet It's just not sustainable But what you can do is you put a satellite into space which is monitoring and through a hyperspectral camera detecting methane Detecting water water vapor detecting co2 and then basically you have an overall global map with more satellites You put into space as part of a constellation you can increase your resolution both time-wise, but as well as Geospatially and so you can really create a global map Which is something that we need if we really want to tackle climate change Sophistically and with actual data instead of just beliefs Now ESA what we also do is we actually Employ a rocket propellant that you have at your own home in your own refrigerator So we use highly clean propane which actually was quite a challenge because it's burning too cleanly So we don't have any suit within our combustion and so again here trying to make the world a better place and a cleaner place What we believe also is that space is not going to be sustainable if you just keep building two rockets a year Three rockets a year That's pretty much what actually Europe has been doing over the last decades We've employed tenth of thousands of people to build two or three rockets a year And so if we really want to build that operating system in space for our planet Earth What we need to have is launch capacity and launch capacity comes through a lot of rocket launches at the end of today So what we do at ESA is we automate the manufacturing and basically take knowledge that we usually would have in the Automotive industry or in the aircraft industry and employ it within the space industry and so To give you maybe two examples We can build a rocket engine from raw material to a finished rocket engine in about two weeks of time Compared to a classically designed and driven industry where we would take them about one and a half years To go from a raw material to a finished rocket engine We do a lot of metal 3d printing We do carbon fiber winding for the entire structures such it will literally have two people in our manufacturing facility Supervising the build of multiple rockets at the same time Now that's also not something where usually would actually think that you would get funding for out of Europe But over the course of the last two years really we've managed to go from zero with literally zero experience on manufacturing for example to becoming Probably the most sophisticated Manufacture within the space industry within Europe So as of today, we already have a capacity with about 50 people on ground of Outputting more than 10x the amount of systems and components than the entire European industry combined over the course of the last year and so a Founder or an idea can not only disrupt very small parts of this planet, but I also dare you to think big and the next I'm going to show you is Because one of the biggest challenge that we had is how do we actually get a hundred million plus of venture capital financing pre-revenue and Actually the first question that usually what got from investors about three four years ago was What did you guys smoke and? People were just completely crazy said oh you're building rockets. You're like Please go to some other. It's not part of our investment Scheme you're completely outside the box. We really like you, but it's not something for us So at the same time we also couldn't just go to all the international we sees and then go talk to European governments and tell Hey, you should draw launch your rockets with us while 80% of our cap table actually is non-European So we went on a challenge to say is it possible to actually raise a hundred million plus out of Europe from European? Investors for something that no one of them ever did actually before And the good thing is it does work. So even if you have super crazy ideas Don't give up on the fundraising part We've spoken to hundreds and hundreds of investors such that at the end of the day We found the right ones for us who are really bold thinkers as well the lake stars the early birds who by the way All are here today. So big. Thank you to also the investors among you who believe in big and bold ideas Now where do we go in the future? Space is something which still today is not in the mouth of everyone But you're already today dependent on the entire space industry Whether it's the blue dot on your phone, which guided you yesterday morning and this morning to this venue It is connectivity as I said for the three billion people who today don't have internet access It's also no wonder why all the big corporates are investing billions into their own space programs Amazon Vodafone John Deere Why does actually a what is a tractor company? use space and So John Deere for example is a very interesting case because they actually already guide their tractors fully autonomously through GPS on The other side they're now expanding that to bring in agricultural data Have a machine learning algorithm tell them when and where to put how much water to put how much fertilizer Such it actually they found out with half the water and half the fertilizer if you dose it and apply it in the right way You can actually double your output And so what we're seeing is that many other industries are getting disrupted through space It's the automotive industry too. How do how are we going to get to autonomous driving? Your car will always have to actually send up a signal of when and where it is going and where it is Also, did you ever think about how do we find pirates? These are the crazy questions would ask yourself is how do you actually know there's pirates But also, how do we find them again here? It is satellite constellations actually from European startups who? Basically have a signal detected from ships and whenever pirates would take over a ship They turn off that signal now if you overlay that data for example through companies line data from the companies like eyesight You can still track those ships with a radar satellite through nighttime as well as when there's clouds But then you can actually track the sparrots and when they took over a ship send the info to the naval coast for example And so space data is already today everywhere There's no single bank transaction or no ATM withdrawal happening without space access and space data And we're also not going to fix space We're not going to fix climate change without space data And so it is a super exciting industry want to definitely look out for but last but not least I really want to encourage you if you think your idea is big Think bigger and the best thing is that it's definitely doable in Europe too. Thank you very much


My name is Diane Nordel, and this is my husband Eric. We've been farming here since 1983 in the village of Beech Grove, Pennsylvania. Our farm is about 90 acres, but we're mainly farming about seven acres under cultivation managing for vegetables. We supply locally to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, which is about 25 miles away. We do a farmer's market once a week, and we supply restaurants and grocery stores. One of our goals when we started farming here was to keep this a two-person operation, and also we wanted to rely on horse power completely, not only for tillage, but also for fertility, so that limits our labor, our power, and our fertility source. And consequently, we rely on cover crops extensively. In fact, we take half of the land out of production each year just to grow cover crops. This has helped tremendously with weed control, maintaining the tilt of our silt-loan soil, as well as preserving moisture, which is an issue for us because we don't have irrigation. One reason we got into reduced tillage is really to optimize the benefits of the annual cover crops. Intensive tillage can also often destroy everything we've gained, so by minimizing the depth and intensity of tillage, we can preserve more of those benefits. Becky, Ben. We like to use the horses for several reasons. First of all, I just love working behind the horses. That's what gets me going, sustains my interest. They also save the fossil fuel and pollution associated with that, and of course, there's less problems with compaction and so on. You could take anything we're doing here and do it with a tractor, probably with fewer passes and maybe a lot less aggravation. It was about 10 years ago that we started experimenting with reduced tillage using this ridgetill system. For years before that, we'd been using a winter-killed cover crop, just working it into the surface of the soil for early-planted vegetables. That worked great for conditioning the soil, erosion control, moisture preservation, but it was a problem in springs when it was cold and wet. We started planting the cover crops on these ridges. It allows the soil to warm up and dry out faster in the spring. It also enables us just to peel the top off the ridge, moving the cover crop residues into the pathway. If there are any winter weeds on the ridge top, it also sheds them into the pathway where it's easy to control them with mechanical cultivation. One of the differences of doing this kind of minimum tillage with the horses is we have to break it down into several steps. With a tractor, you can do all the ridge-building steps in one pass. I simply don't have the physical strength to raise and lower that much equipment on the old riding cultivator, so we do it in three steps. We're broadcasting the seed, we build the ridges, then we come back, inter-seed the pathways, and then the final step is to roll the ridges with a cold-up packer. The idea is we want to kind of level them, make a nice, flat seed bed, and also to create better seed-to-soil contact for the cover crop seed and help us bring the moisture up to germinate it.  This makes a nice mix of a small grain and legume. In this planting, we also have sorghum-sudan grass to boost the carbon and cover crop biomass. These steps we use for preconditioning the beds for planting in the spring. The residue cutter chops the residue. It also makes those slits in the soil kind of hairpins the residue in, so then we can go over with this rotary hoe and just lightly till the surface of the soil. This makes it possible for us just to make a furrow for transplanting, we'll just go right into it, or we'll scrape the top off the ridges for direct seeding. It probably looks like these tools aren't doing much, but that's really the whole point. We're just trying to loosen the top inch of the soil. The residue cutter slices the residue, it also cuts about an inch deep in the soil, and then the rotary hoe loosens that up. You can see we have this sort of crumb mulch on the surface. When we peel this back to plant, you know, we'll have a nice seed bed for planting. Here's a field where crops have been planted into our ridges till system. The previous fall, we built the ridges and planted a cover crop of oats and peas, and then they winter killed.  Because the residue breaks down so fast, doesn't really provide wheat control or moisture control, so what we do is we put down a wheat straw in the pathways in order to preserve moisture. But the weeds have not been a big problem here. We haven't done any hand-weeding in this field at all. I'm trying not to say any oms. Oms. Oms. It's not a big deal, but you'd rather not see yourself bleeding or saying anything. Give us a shot. I'm excited because he's here now, sir. He's an exciting guy. We're in the area where he already is. Okay. Brush your hair too. There you go. I mean, it's wet. Yeah, I was looking at the camera. Okay, camera's not there. Yeah, just look around. You want to move forward a little bit? I'm bugging her. And you'll get that straight 24 acre. Mark? Is it nice? Nice scene there? Okay. So tell me when I can start. In the meantime. And I gradually worked the whole farm and now with the strawberries, the last couple years we've zoned till the strawberries where everything we grow is, that was a lot, but really good. I should say a couple years ago. A few years ago. Don't date it. Yeah, because... Yeah. It was in 2020 when they're watching this. Right. Okay. The scraper on the ridge, these are... Sorry. I can't do this. Let me start over again. Let me... Hi, Baron. How are you? Ready? We're rolling. Oh, don't go too far. Get close there. Okay. Ready? So like I'm 10 years old. Hi, huh? Yeah. Thanks. Have a nice day. Thank you. Bye. Bye. See you. Bye, bye. Bye! Take care guys. Bye! Bye. Bye. Bye.


There we go. That'll help with the recording. I think I could bellow to the back of the room, but to those of you on YouTube, hello. Right, so I wanted to do a quick overview of everything that's going on in the Ubuntu OpenStack ecosystem. So we're going to cover a broad range of threads and touch on a bunch of things which are continuations of stories we've told in the past and also some new stories, some new angles opening up. So I'm not going to repeat many of the things we've touched on before. You've all seen the incredible automation that we're bringing and the ecosystem that we're bringing. I'm not going to try not to repeat things that we've talked about in the past, but I want to show you more of what's new. Now in Paris, we announced LexD. Now LexD is Canonical's container-based hypervisor. The Canonical container story started four years ago as we started to look at the mobile platform and we wanted ways to isolate applications. And there were a bunch of people talking about containers in Linux, but it was very quiet. And we brought them all together in Canonical and led the Linux containers project. So that became LexC. LexC became the basis for Docker, which you might have heard about. And in Paris, we announced the transformation of LexC into LexD, a full hypervisor with live migration, supporting all different flavors of Linux and some extraordinary potential. Today I want to show you a little bit of how much potential. We ran some benchmarks and the results are on your seats, but essentially from a density point of view, LexD crushes any other virtualization or virtual machine-based hypervisor. Now that's somewhat expected because of the nature of containers, but just how much? Well, 14 times the density with LexD than with KVM. Now what does that mean? It means that if you're a bank and you have large numbers of guests in your cloud, which are essentially generally idle web applications, Tomcat, PHP, Drupal, the sorts of things that hosting companies and banks and every other institution run loads of, LexD will compress those into one-fourteenth of the space on the physical hardware. To give you some pictures, we took an Intel server, the 16 gig of RAM, and on that server we were able to launch 37 KVM guests. Those are full Ubuntu guests. They're responsive. They're not Cirrus, not a fake little test operating system. That's the real thing. On that same machine, 536 LexD guests. Again, full Ubuntu machines with SSH running, with applications running, Getys and with Docker running inside them. So extraordinary density and performance. We launched those 536 containers in less time than KVM launched those 37 virtual machines. The guys who did that work are all here. Come and see us at the booth. It's a pretty extraordinary story, but if you really want to see the density, you've got to go to the high end. And we were delighted to work with IBM on their new open power servers to produce this number, 2,500 guests on a single open power server. So IBM is delighted with that. We're delighted with that. There's still lots of room to go. Now, at this point, they're going to have to be very lightweight guests because you've still just got the same motherboard driving all of them. But there are many enterprise applications where density is the primary concern. There's another kind of concern, which is bare metal performance. How fast can you go? And the great thing about LexD is it is bare metal performance. We can't measure the difference between bare metal and LexD, which is fantastic in certain use cases. In particular, we've got all of the management benefits of virtualization without the 5 to 25% overhead of virtualization. And in the OpenStack case, what that means is full support for software-defined networks through Neutron and software-defined storage through Cinder. So it's a little bit ironic that we have bare metal performance with all of the NOVA features. NOVA was built for unicorns. And here we have bare metal performance behind NOVA with no limitations on the API whatsoever. This is coming together as a project called NOVA LexD. It is NOVA drivers for the LexD hypervisor. And you should follow it on Stackforge. It is pretty amazing. Now, that bare metal performance is especially useful in more lightweight environments or environments where you're trying to get a lot done at the same time. And I want to point your eyes to the front of the room. We have a Cavium Thunder X server. Looks like a standard 1U rack mount server. But in fact, that is an ARM64-based server. And that socket has 48 cores. So what a perfect machine for running large numbers of things in parallel. And here I think we can show you. So this is Ubuntu on the Thunder X. And if I grip, you can see 48 cores on that one board, on that one socket. And if I do an LXC list, you'll see a whole lot of containers running on ARM, on ARM64, on that board. So imagine how fantastic that is for telco applications. Cavium has a DNA of telco running at bare metal performance in that very highly parallelized fashion. So LexD flies on ARM. And it also solves one of the key problems in virtualization, which is latency. Now for the convergence of cloud and high performance computing, or cloud and telco NFV, we really want to solve the latency problem. And it's really difficult to do on ESX or KVM because the reality is you're scheduling resources to a thing, which then has to schedule resources to the actual app if you're doing it under a virtual machine. But with LexD, those processes are on the host metal. And this is how amazing that is. With LexD, the same workload, this is 0MQ, so a latency-sensitive messaging workload. For remote applications and for local latency, the latency is reduced by more than 50%. So it's less than half the latency. Extraordinary numbers for LexD. And that, of course, all sits right next to KVM. You don't have to give up KVM, right? Now, there's been phenomenal interest in coverage of LexD, but I want to just clarify one thing. LexD is about machine containers. What you get from LexD is just like a virtual machine. LexD is a hypervisor, and you can do anything in that hypervisor, in LexD, that you can do in a VM. So it doesn't conflict at all with process containers like Docker or Rocket. In fact, they go very, very nicely together, right? So you can take a machine, could be a virtual machine or a physical machine. You allocate guest machines with LexD, and in those, you're running everything. You're running init, you're running syslog, you're running all of your log rotation. It is a normal machine, including running Docker. And I'd like to show you that as well. So here I have a little machine running, and I'm going to start a LexD container. And in the time that it takes me to go and ask for a listing, it's running. That's how fast it is. So I've just made, bang, that's another little Ubuntu machine. And then I want to go in, well, there you can see PS on the machine, and there's a cluster of things at the bottom. Well, it turns out that if I go into that machine and do that, you'll see it's the same set of processes, right? So that's the container. Those processes are unaware of the fact that they're actually running in a container. So that's LexD running on a machine. And if I say docker info, here's docker thinks it's just fine. And if I say docker run, there we go. So that's docker, process containers, running inside, hypervisor, essentially, lighter visors containers, machine containers produced by LexD. Pretty amazing. So LexD is the lighter visor. It is a hypervisor. It gives you virtual machines with bare metal performance. Pretty amazing stuff. Now, to be clear, we love KVM. There's more KVM running on Ubuntu than any other operating system. We support it. We love it. We'll continue to invest in it. But it is a fantastic option to have. Now, I want to dive a little bit into OpenStack itself and the work that we're doing in the Ubuntu ecosystem on OpenStack. The latest user survey is out. Whoops. It should be 54% of production OpenStack deployments on Ubuntu. Nonetheless, more production deployments than all the other platforms put together. And if we look at the largest OpenStack deployments, 80% of those are on Ubuntu. And this is really our privilege to work with the guys who aspire to scale their clouds. Because I think scale is where the real tests are. In part, we do that because we support many different versions of OpenStack. We're not essentially trying to lock down Ubuntu. You can create your own OpenStack. You probably know about those. We've added relationships with Ericsson for their cloud execution environment and EMC around cloud scaling. We support all of these. In fact, we support any OpenStack on Ubuntu with one exception, not on this list. But what I want to focus on is the canonical OpenStack distribution. I hope you can relate to some of these companies. These are some of the leading companies that have built OpenStack on Ubuntu. Today we can talk about Walmart. So thank you to the Walmart folks for mentioning us in their keynotes.  Because again, telcos aspire to scale and reliability. We've really enjoyed working with the telco community. And I think the reason for all of that is just our focus on the ecosystem. This is oil, our OpenStack interoperability lab. You'll see a bunch of new names there, like Coho. And it's great for us to see that ecosystem continue to expand. Every vendor is welcome in our interop laboratories. We build the cloud more than 100 times every day with components from these different vendors so that we can generate an enormous amount of data for those vendors on interoperability. So we can help them answer customer questions as to whether they'll be able to build a cloud with Cplane and CIF on AMD with a particular management system, for example. So I want to take that further. And today what we're announcing is CI for OpenStack as a service. What we've done is we've created the ability to deploy OpenStack across in real-world environments, multi-node environments, scaled-out environments from source. You probably know that we find JuJu the most elegant way to model OpenStack. It gives us an incredible amount of flexibility to plug-and-play components from different vendors. And what we've done by adding the capability to all of the core OpenStack charms to deploy from source, we can now do CI on tip. So we're going to start for the OpenStack upstream doing CI on every commit in real-world scaled-out environments, not DevStack, which is where OpenStack CI happens today, not single-node deployment. We're going to be hunting for finding and fixing those scale-oriented issues as they happen in tip. We can also do CI inside a vendor office on their branch.  You want to be able to continue to evolve your code and track Liberty as it evolves. Well, this we will set up for you, and that will allow you as a vendor to track Liberty every day. That means that as your charms come into oil, we can expect them to work with tip and with everybody else's code at tip. So we really are trying to drive the ecosystem to keep up with the incredible pace of OpenStack. And lastly, for enterprises who are modifying OpenStack, obviously this mechanism gives you the ability to run CI on your own branches of OpenStack, typically branches of Stable. There'll be a detailed demo and walkthrough of that in room 208. I would encourage you to see that on Wednesday at 4.30. Now, OpenStack is running on ARM x86 and Power. You'll see the applied micro box over there, and I'd really invite you to come to the booth and see OpenStack running on applied micro in a scaled-out environment. So that's ARM 64 from applied micro. And we're delighted to have brought up Ubuntu OpenStack on IBM's OpenPower as well. Three major architectures fully supported. But deploying isn't the hard part. You've all seen us deploy that OpenStack in permutations and combinations live on stage with all the options a customer might want from different vendors. Deploying isn't the hard part anymore. We've moved beyond that. It's operations. And so in Paris, we launched our autopilot. And the autopilot is a completely automated installer for OpenStack.  And I just want to quickly run through that install experience, right? We have here two racks, two orange boxes, ten servers inside each orange box. So we're going to build an OpenStack cloud this morning across two racks. This is Inside Landscape, which is our management product for Ubuntu, freely available to all of our customers. And essentially, all I have to do is choose the different technologies I want to integrate into that OpenStack cloud. So here I have OpenVswitch. And you'll notice since Paris, all of the IP addresses are filled out. And they're filled out because now Mas is modeling the network. I'll talk a little bit about that later. But Mas has a full view of all of the network segments and subnets. And so it can just tell me which IP addresses I can use to build an OpenStack cloud. So I'm going to do that. I'll just use Ceph and Ceph for block and object. And now you see I've got two different zones because we configured that Mas to think that all the machines in one of those boxes were in one zone. And all of the machines in the other box are in a different zone. So I'm going to save that selection, add another availability zone and save that selection. So now I've asked Landscape to build me a cloud with my choice of software-defined storage, software-defined network, and do it on those two racks across two availability zones. You can see the summary here. It's going to be highly available. It's going to have two availability zones because we'll map the underlying physical availability zones from Mas into the logical availability zones of the cloud without you having to do anything. And we're going to install that cloud. So our goal is to make it fully automated because making it fully automated is going to reduce the cost dramatically free for all our supported customers. This is our roadmap. These are the vendors whose components we're committed to integrate into that autopilot. So this is going to allow you to build OpenStack clouds with your choice of hypervisor, including Lex-D, Hyper-V, your choice of storage, including all of the capabilities from EMC, both traditional SAN and the new scale-out software-defined storage. And networking. You saw OpenV switch and delighted to say that we will integrate Juniper Contrail into the autopilot. We're working with Nuage from Occatel Lucent, now Nakea, and Metaswitch Networks, Calico, Plumgrid, super exciting startup, and of course Cisco. So you see how we're bringing the vendor ecosystem to your rack in a single page. For those who can't wait, we will build that cloud today manually. And so that's our BootStack offering. It's a fully managed on-premise OpenStack offering, right? Build, operate, and optionally transfer. I'm not sure what's ringing. At least it's not ticking. So BootStack, build, operate, and optionally transfer, a fully managed OpenStack. Our focus is scale, reliability, and performance. And if you look at our commits to OpenStack, you'll see that's what we focus on. But we also focus on economics. For private cloud to thrive, it has got to be economically competitive to public cloud. And so we've announced per node pricing, standard Ubuntu support. If you're just building on standard Ubuntu support, go ahead and build OpenStack and you'll support it. We announced AZ pricing. Now that's really for service providers. Service providers essentially want a capped price for their OpenStack, and per AZ pricing gives them that. We announced that a year ago. Today I'd like to take the next step, because as we move into the enterprise market, we noticed that enterprises have these crazy complicated spreadsheets trying to convert the pricing of all of their inputs into a price per VM. So today we're going to extend our pricing plans and offer for Ubuntu OpenStack per VM hour pricing for full support of your OpenStack cloud. And that comes in two flavors, just like Ubuntu. It comes in supported flavor. You build it and we'll support it. And it also comes in a fully managed flavor. So Bootstack per VM hour. So this is specifically designed as we now move into the enterprise market from the service provider market to help enterprises model their costs, plan their costs. If you choose the option on the right, five cents per VM hour, you can plan exactly your costs and benchmark them against any public cloud. You bring the hardware, we bring the hands and the cloud runs to an SLA. Okay, that's for compute. And to match that, today we're announcing storage support that's priced based purely on what you use. No fees for replicas, no fees for redundancy, no fees for backups, just what you actually use. We're bringing public cloud pricing to OpenStack on-premise. Here's what it looks like, 2.2 cents per gigabyte per month, independent of the underlying storage technology. So that could be Swift, that could be Seth. It doesn't matter. Now there will be a range of plans from a range of partners but we are guaranteeing that there will be a plan for each storage technology. And I think we're about to see an explosion of interesting storage, software-defined storage technology. We were delighted to see the EMC open-sourcing of Copperhead and Viper. That will also come in a fully managed offering, a bootstack offering, again, at four cents per gigabyte per month. As part of that program, because we are now able to attribute specific support revenue to specific services, we're announcing that we will cut a share of that revenue directly to the upstream projects associated with that technology. Why? Well, it seems to me a little bit misguided that platform companies tend to act as a giant sponge for all the revenue associated with supporting the platform, because customers don't pay for platforms. They pay for services, for solutions, for workloads, for applications. And if we can associate revenue to Canonical with a particular upstream, then we're committed to share that revenue with that upstream with no requirement that they provide any sort of L3 support. We're doing all the work. And I'm delighted that participating in that program, we have a couple of interesting companies, obviously Ceph and Swift are included in that program. But we're also announcing that we will work with NexCenter on their very exciting software-defined storage capabilities. There's a range of program relationships there that you will be able to have one throw to choke, one process for working with Canonical and NexCenter, and also SwiftStack, the leaders in the Swift ecosystem. So let me dig a little bit deeper into the underpinnings of all of this. What's going on under the hood to make all of that possible? Well, Maz, metal as a service, is the magic that effectively drives the bare metal provisioning that gives people super agility in a bare metal context. Maz is now being used at the London Stock Exchange. It's being used in banks. It's being used in retailers. It's being used in telcos, in media companies, just as a fantastic base platform for deploying physical infrastructure. And we announced support for Windows and CentOS in Maz that is now all landed and all in production. People are using it to deploy Windows thin clients. They're using it to deploy Slez, Ubuntu, obviously, any Linux that you care. It's just a great, crisp, clean REST API to all your hardware, whether that's HP Moonshot or Cisco UCS or standard Pixi and IPMI. Maz has grown a full open source IP address management capability. So Maz now has the ability to map and model the entire network. It knows about all of the subnets, all of the devices, not just the machines that it's managing. And that allows you to get APIs to get physical IPs dynamically on your network. And we use that very much for the landscape autopilot, right, to grab IPs to use for things like floating IPs or elastic IPs. We were delighted that the Chef community has adopted Maz. So there are now knives and provisioning libraries for Chef to allow you to point your recipes straight at bare metal through Maz. And we see adoption from other configuration management ecosystems as well. The Chef is super popular in the Ubuntu community, so we're delighted with that. This is all in the name of making Maz the universal software defined data center API. It's completely open source, it works with all the different vendors, X86, Arm and Power, Windows, Ubuntu, CentOS. And it's a software defined API to your physical infrastructure, useful regardless of what you're doing with it. In the Juju ecosystem, we've seen some really interesting developments as well. You've probably seen a series of announcements around charms being used on Windows. And I'm really excited to show, if I may, the work from Cloudbase, who have really been blazing this trail, and have charmed an amazing portfolio of Microsoft and other Windows software. So here you have, for example, OpenStack modeled on Hyper-V with Juju and deployable through Maz or on Hyper-V. Here you have a whole portfolio of OpenStack components, Cinder, Nova and so on. But it goes far further than that, Active Directory, SharePoint, Exchange server. You can all read, but it's fantastic. So real software now available instantly on demand on any cloud, on bare metal, on OpenStack and soon directly on VMware. So Juju is gaining the ability to talk straight to vCenter or ESX and deploy all of these capabilities straight onto your traditional, virtualized infrastructure. The Cloudbase guys will be speaking on Wednesday. They'll be talking about their work with Windows on OpenStack. I highly recommend the talk to you. So cross-platform service modeling. You can now write charms in Windows and CentOS and obviously Ubuntu. That charm ecosystem is growing. You saw some Microsoft software there. IBM software is being charmed. If you follow the Juju list, you'll see a series of charms landing for a whole portfolio of software from IBM. Cisco, Juniper, Alcatel, Lucent. All of these vendors are essentially making their software available in this format. And we've also seen upstream projects pulling in charms into the upstream projects. So Google, for example, Kubernetes. If you look in the Kubernetes upstream branches on GitHub, you'll see the charms. So it's becoming a really nice way to take a piece of software, any piece of software and just make it instantly available on any cloud. And for the upstream, the really exciting thing there is that instead of having people wade through layers and layers of documentation, which, let's be honest, is often a little out of date or doesn't cover all the clouds, this is a nice, great way to consolidate the experience of new users to your platform in a very standardized way, regardless of the cloud. It lets you essentially turn all of that documentation into executable code, which is encapsulated in a charm. We're going to follow that lead. So the OpenStack charms, which are led by Canonical, but now are important to a whole bunch of different companies who are building their own layers on top of that or participating inside this, we're going to move those charms to StackForge. So you will see all of the OpenStack charms being developed on StackForge, which will help our collaboration with, amongst others, the cloud base, Joints and various other very interesting companies. And lastly, there's a new capability in Juju itself, which is something called actions. So Juju is all about encapsulating, encapsulating everything that people know about a particular workload. So this is a cloud that we deployed this morning, and if I go here to System Information, and I'm still on the VPN, and I can remember the password, you'll see the clues in the bottom right, just here. This is actually OpenStack deployed this morning from Git from Tip. This is Liberty. Luckily, Tip is in good shape today. So that's Liberty deployed this morning from Tip. And if you want to see, that was all done in an automated process, right? That's part of our CI. So there's a commit on a Git branch, and automatically that gets pulled and deployed CI as a service effectively. If you want to see, look behind the scenes. There's the Juju service model, right? Juju is this universal service modeling thing. It doesn't know that it's modeling OpenStack. It's just modeling what it's modeling. But if you look, you'll see in here all the things that you'd expect to see, right? So here's heat. Nothing wrong with heat. Here's Solometer and Overcomput. Here is Neutron Gateway, Neutron API, Keystone, Glance. This is a highly available glance. There over there is Glance with an HA cluster charm, right? So that's actually a highly available glance deployed from source. That's kind of interesting. That's kind of cool. And the observant amongst you might have noticed that down here is a sort of dangling charm. Oh, one other thing. Here's the configuration of the charm that tells the charm where to fetch the source. So this is how you can program the charm to just go and fetch from a particular branch the dependencies and the code that you want to use in your OpenStack deployed from source. Can you see how this is enabling anybody to build any shape of cloud across any hardware at scale, arbitrary complexity from source, the pieces that you want from source, from your branches, all just using standard universal modeling in Juju with MAS. So there's this dangling relationship down here. What could that be? Well, it turns out that's a new service. Not a service you want in your production OpenStack. It is the Chaos Monkey. That's the Chaos Monkey service. So let's dig in. Remember, this is part of our CI, our quality program. So if we go in and have a look behind the scenes. Oh, and you see some lights coming on here. So that's that dual rack OpenStack coming up. If we dig in behind the scenes here, if I do a Juju status, this is that OpenStack. Bunch of services. There's a new Juju status tabular format, which is quite nice. And so here you can see all of the services in OpenStack.  Then you see the services. Let's see if I can scroll up. You see Solometer, CIFS, and through Swift Proxy, Swift Storage. All beautifully mapped out for you. You know exactly what the IP addresses are. You know exactly what the status is. If we look at the actual units down here, you'll see under Glance, over there. You see Glance has some subordinates, including the Chaos Monkey. Now Glance, you know, is an image library, right? So let's have a look. This is a Glance query. So I'm just running a Glance image list. So every five seconds I'm hitting Glance and saying, tell me about the images in that cloud. And if I go and have a look in the cloud through Horizon, I see a bunch of images. And those correspond, hopefully, almost exactly to those images over there. Everybody happy? All right. But we've got a monkey. And, well, before we do the monkey, this is Coruscink, right? So this is Pacemaker. This is the, I think it's Pacemaker. This is the HA mechanism, right? It's watching those different Glance instances. And you can see that Machine 6 over there is the primary, right? The VIP, the virtual IP is focused on Machine 6 over there. And that's what's responding to these Glance queries, OK? But we've got a monkey. So what can we do with a monkey?  So if I say what actions are defined on, I've got these three actions. I can show the logs. I can show monkey IDs. And I can start it. And actions can have configuration, right? So actions are great way to encapsulate an operational script. So you want to back up the database. You need a file name and a compression level, right? So actions are a great way to encapsulate operations associated with that service. So what monkey operations could I do? Well, I think, here we go. All right. So on Chaos monkey 1, Chaos monkey 1 is on Glance 0. You see up at the top there? Chaos monkey 1 is on Glance 0. I'm going to run this action, which is basically a disconnect the network. And with a little bit of luck, Glance keeps running. And here you should see. So we had developed machine 6 was the primary machine, right? So now what are we doing? Chorus sync should notice, and there it has, should notice that that machine isn't responding. It switches its model, puts the virtual IP in another place. And we now have machine 7 answering to the Glance queries. And if I go back to the Glance queries here, you'll see Glance every five seconds still up. So you've seen a live demo on stage of OpenStack deployed from source. So this is Liberty Tip in a highly available, one of those services, highly available, with a Chaos monkey integrated so that we can nuke a machine and watch what happens. You've just seen that failover happen completely automatically. And you can take, if I do juju export on this bundle, if I go and hit this button over here, this YAML file, that is the model of that cloud. You can duplicate that exact configuration across that set of machines for yourself in the privacy of your own garage. Okay. The really fun part of this is that the Chaos monkey service can be composed into any juju service. This is the real amazing power of juju because we can compose services so easily. I can take that Chaos monkey and I can make it go everywhere. Where would you like to make some Chaos? Keystone, bad idea. Bad idea. This, to be honest, we only made Glance HA. So pretty much anywhere I take this Chaos monkey is going to be real Chaos. But the fun thing about this is that we can now have two completely different communities. Ooh, should we put Chaos on Coruscant? That would be wild. Right? If I go and commit that, what you'll see happening here. Not there. Here. You'll see these new Chaos monkeys being installed in there. You see Chaos monkey 4 sitting by my SQL there? So we're spreading Chaos through the cloud. So what we can do is we can have two completely different communities. One that loves Chaos. And they just make Chaos better and better. And others that love HA and they love HA in whatever. Could be Mongo, could be my SQL, could be Galera, could be OpenStack Dashboard, could be Rabbit. Doesn't matter. And those two communities don't have to agree on anything other than that sometimes people want to put those two ideas together and wreak a little Chaos in the service. So that monkey is now completely general.  So actions are kind of fantastic. You see what I did there was I made an action on that with some config. There's going to be a fantastic talk a little later in the week. And I can get the, ah, on Wednesday at 11 a.m. in room 1114 about benchmarking. Benchmarking anything on any cloud. And the way that's done is by taking the benchmark and encapsulating it as an action on the charm so that anybody can use it on any cloud. And the fantastic thing we're starting to see now is cloud providers saying, hey, let me tweak the charms to optimize Cassandra, Mongo, whatever it is on my cloud. So now the end user doesn't have to go and read all the detailed extreme optimization guides, right? They can just take the standard charm, drop it on VMware, drop it on bare metal, drop it on any cloud and run the benchmark, the same benchmark in a completely reproducible way. And if they're really having fun, they can run the benchmark. And while they're running the benchmark, they can cause a little chaos just by deploying the Chaos monkey, relating it in and having a blast. So that was a whistle stop whirlwind tour. There's a lot of fun stuff going on. It's a real pleasure to collaborate with so many great companies in the OpenStack ecosystem, but more broadly as well, we're seeing charms of very interesting big data configurations, Lambda architectures from the major vendors, as well as the upstream Apache community using Juju to essentially make it really easy for people to spin up big data. Similarly in content management, this is a great way to enable people to go faster on any cloud in any sort of environment. Similarly in platform as a service, I talked a little earlier about Kubernetes. If we go, for example, to demo.JujuCharms.com. I haven't backed this to a cloud, but I could effectively attach it to any cloud. And as long as I'm actually on the internet. So these are charms that are actually part of the GitHub upstream branch, master branch for Kubernetes. But we pull them in, snapshot them in once they've been validated on a regular basis. And that's how easy it is to deploy Kubernetes on any cloud. OpenStack, bare metal, Azure, AWS, you name it. I hope that's really interesting to you. In the OpenStack community, our view is we really have to focus on the core, compute, network, and storage. Because if we focus on the core, we'll make OpenStack great. And if OpenStack is great, then all of these great services that are winning on the public cloud will come to the private cloud. We don't have to invent our own APIs. We don't have to do, you know, snuff who has a service, right? Let's just get the core amazingly good. Have a great week. Thank you very much for coming.