Hi mom, so I figured out what was wrong with my skin. It's bad They said if it's super contagious and if I don't get it treat it. I might Is going on in this room, baby? Like Can you please repeat what you just said Mariah is in But the room doesn't look clean so how Okay ever since we had guests over for the 4th of July our room has just been destroyed We washed all the sheets. These are clean. These are washed. They smell amazing They're just not on the bed.  That's how I am too. I wait and my laundry just sits in my bin Yeah, then I big loads of laundry, but you know what I'm gonna start doing I'm gonna start doing no matter how much clothes are in my bin I'm going to be cleaning my clothes once a week because I've had enough. So when did you clean these last? Two days ago. Yeah two days ago. You said we it's been He's been sitting in the room for two days. Yeah, and you're finally doing it because I have so much clothes You see much clothes on the ground. This is all stuff I gotta hang. This is all stuff that I folded.   Wait you say you hate when your dad My dad used to do my laundry. I miss like not having fun This girl's dad did her laundry up until the day we moved.  Which there's nothing wrong with that But most people don't Dad if you're watching he didn't want me really doing my own launch He did but he did at the same time because he wanted it. He didn't want you. He didn't want you f'ing up the washer and dryer He knows you guys would mess that up.  You know what YOLO YOLO Life is too short to care about what where your laundry goes.  Well, is it what is it called dermatologist derma third dermatologist? Yeah dermatologist appointment I don't know if you guys remember, but we posted on our channel about Bill's skin condition It's kind of like really patchy and it's like under his armpits and on his belly And he just wanted to get it checked out just to make sure like everything's fine It's nothing more severe than it might actually be today is the day that I have my appointment and we're going to it right now We're literally like 20 minutes away.  Yeah, they'll give me answers and if they need to they'll give me like a prescription to what would face it I'm just hoping it's nothing bad because like I don't know if you did see our last video that we did on this Like it looks really bad and like it's spreading. Yeah, I like this could be like really like I'm not gonna say life-threatening But it could be like really bad if we don't see what what it could literally be anything I don't know. I don't want to say skin cancer I don't even know what skin cancer looks like but like it's just some sort of rash that just keeps like eroding my skin away Yeah, making it super dry We'll also stay tuned to the end of this video because we'll show you it on camera a little update of where I'm at Yeah, and also I noticed that it gets even more in depth when you like when we were laying out in the sun and you would come in from The Sun it's more hyphen and I think it's I think that's how it is in general when it's wet It's not as bad, but when it's like dry, it's bad. Yeah, it looks terrible. I think it's been going up this way Really? Yeah, because it's like right here now. It's right there now Well, it's kind of been right right here, but like I don't think it was like that like months ago No, it wasn't like a year ago. I didn't have any of it. No building have any of it guys Like that's why it's like scary. It's like where did this come from? You know, so I'm excited to get some answers I'm excited to finally get you looked at because I would hate for anything bad I just remembered I didn't shave my stomach. So I got a hairy stomach right now I think that you know what they probably get people who have hairy chest. They probably seen it at all Yeah, that's normal. Let's get on our way. Let's see what's up with it and hopefully it's not the bad Fingers crossed I'm feeling dry.  Really? Yeah, it looks like it. Do you want to show them? So it looks better. Oh, you kind of can see. Oh, oh, honey. Don't mind my hair. I didn't shave You keep saying that. You look good. We'll see Good, are you? Good. I don't get it. I'm nice to see you I don't know if it's a minor, but like it's minor and discoloration under my office I'm like I'm my abdomen and my skin just gets super dry All right Like eight months. It doesn't look as bad today, but yeah somebody's worse than others It's not bad right now, but you can see it gets dark. Yeah, so if you went out in the sun and we got These would look white Yeah, because when that's probably when we would tan outside his like stomach right there would be like dark And then they would be white spots like all over it was weird Yeah Yep, so basically what I'm gonna do is give you a soap to use in the shower And leave it on your body for about five minutes before you rinse it off And then I'm gonna give you a cream called you come as all you'll put that on daily for about a month All right, as far as you know how to prevent this do you work out? Um, like do you all sweaty when you work out? Okay, you sweat a lot. Yeah, make sure that you even if you aren't gonna shower before you go home change your shirt You don't want a wet shirt sitting on your skin for a long period of time that creates this Okay, we all have bacteria on the skin that's our normal skin But when it has a perfect environment warm moist environment, that's a perfect environment for it to grow and then it You know becomes a problem on the skin. This isn't really harmful. Sometimes it can be a little itchy It's more cosmetically the the issue where you can see it on the skin So make sure you change your shirt when you're done You know if you wear uh, like a UV shirt outside You know in the pool that kind of stuff make sure that you're not sitting in a wet shirt for a long period of time Okay, so wet being like doesn't matter if it's sweat or water either way Yeah, I will frequently say this hurt, you know people that sit in a white bathing suit for a long period of time. It's Florida Yeah, it's just part of it now here, unfortunately. I feel like it started when he moved here He's moved here a year ago. And then that wasn't here when we moved here for the first time long Yeah, I wasn't so I secretly trying to film just so I can show you guys and you guys kind of like listening Be behind the scenes of it. I want to say what I have if you did not hear the dot you filmed that part Oh my god, so this sounds super this sounds super strange. And I don't know what the word she said I know what it is Whatever that word means It no she said it's like a blah blah blah blah and infection or whatever, you know, like she said a long Doctor term but it is basically a yeast infection on my skin, which I don't even know could happen Okay, so the reason I'm how is this the reason the reason I'm laughing is because Women tend to get yeast infections, especially when they are sitting in either a wet bathing suit or just there's other stuff And other factors and I've actually gotten yeast infections before like I remember I've had that happen before There's nothing wrong with yeast infections.  Yeah, she said your body naturally creates yeast So mix that with sweat or water sitting in a t-shirt. I thought it was only a girl thing Like I thought it was only girls that get it I thought too, but apparently anyone could get it anywhere anywhere in your body. She says it's common I'm like, how is this common because I've never even heard about it Well, and also bill tends to after he works out and bill's a sweater He sweats a lot at the gym He will sit in his shirt and you do sit in your shirt sometimes for a couple hours I do Yeah Sometimes I don't shower right after which is not like I know what's nasty I'm kind of happy that this happened because now bill instantly get in the shower now I instantly got in the shower today before we even ate this will make him go quicker You already know I was in the shower I know but that was the first day out of every day that you take forever to get in the shower I bet you athletes get this a lot.  Make sure not to sit in wet clothes for too long because When you guys get something like this it got bad when we filmed another video It wasn't even as bad, but it got bad That is why we started this whole journey of going to a dermatologist because like I would not go to this if it wasn't And I don't know if you guys heard but when meme bill would like lay out in tan and it's like we usually do that in the summer He comes and lays out with me those spots that had the yeast will stay white like they won't turn That's why he looked splotchy in certain areas. That's why his stomach was looking like that Yeah, and you can see a better one. I'm shaved too. Yeah the last video you guys could see it way more of this video It's kind of like harder to see it because I feel like it's not but even before the last video It was way worse like a month before that it was brown at one point like my skin is white Obviously that was just all brown and white dots all around. Yeah, it's because it wouldn't tan the white spots That makes so much it makes you look funky the white spots were the spots that weren't tanning Yeah, so basically the summer all up we figured out bill has a yeast infection team yeast infection What are we gonna do? Clearly had no idea you can get it on the skin like I gotta go get my cream You gotta go pick up my stuff from the pharmacy We'll show you guys out because I want to show them what the cream is and stuff You should apply it on camera. All right. It's a yeast infection going. Let's go. All right guys So it is currently the next day. We just got back from the gym. What did we work out today, baby? Worked out some show them flex those muscles some back. Oh, okay. It's getting more defined I see I see the little the muscle grooves right here and bicep. Look at that pump next to the mosquito bite We kind of went to the gym late today Yeah, we gotta start getting our bodies up and going in the morning. I I don't know what it is But like we're really bad at waking up early. We can wake up at like nine. Yeah But like for some reason we just been like lazy when we wake up in the morning Yeah, so goal is to wake up at 8 30 and I know for some of you guys are like, oh at 8 30 That's it. Well, come on guys people that don't do it a lot. It's hard But we did just pick up my prescription I'm not going to show you the name of it or any of that because it has all like my Information on it or whatever wait, wasn't this the word that she said? Keto con canuzzo Shampoo, I'm pretty sure that's the word that she said so we got some shampoo guys This one says apply to the affected area on back and shoulders once daily after shower and for one month Back and shoulders. I got Underneath arm So what is this? This is shampoo. I'm not putting this in my hair. Why am I going to use this? Maybe it's shampoo Okay, so this is what you use in the shower This is after shower guys. I literally have to go on a treatment plan for my skin right now Oh, so there's a shampoo for in the shower and a cream for after the shower Oh Control can do two to three times a week.   So basically I have a yeast infection on my stomach and under my arms I just have a shampoo that I got to use it says it could come back seasonally like depending on it But she's like you're living Florida now. You're dealing with the hot Well, and it's because bill sits in is sometimes he sits in his like wet t-shirt after the gym and it gets like under his armpits and stuff They're just too much. I'm sweating all the time. Uh, yeah Yeah, you know, billy, maybe you need to start bringing an extra shirt and soon as you're done switch it Yeah, I know that that's probably beyond my next my next thing to do and spring a t-shirt But yeah, I just want to call you over. We can tell you that. All right, baby First up is your keto-canazole. Oh keto-canazole. Wait, what I think I might say the right keto-canazole Keto-canazole Keto-canazole. Yeah keto-canazole shampoo, you know people it just sounds like a cookie or something Oh, we forgot to tell the dermatologist. There's one more spot on my body that has the rash Can I see that? Yeah. Yeah, you guys can see that. I'm pretty sure that's the same thing. It's all right here It looks the exact same. Yeah, look at it. Yeah, you can see it better today. Yeah, you can see it kind of better Because you're sweating.  Oh, all right. Here's your keto-canazole shampoo I don't even know who's in the right style. What's up Marvel Spots?  Yeah, you did. So I put it on here across your area and Keto-canazole Oh, I probably used way too much. This is only good for like if you did it for a month. Oh, okay Get all of it on pit. Baby. I know as far up as I can get. No, you got to get in here in my arm. Right here You've got to get up there like up in here You got to really make sure you get in the expected spot. Don't get your body wet.  I'm gonna let you go.  So I just finished my shower and all I got to do now is apply this Uh, I don't even know how to say the name like like these names. I don't know where people come up with them But they are a different breed a whole different language But to be honest like I'm actually super happy Obviously that my skin condition or I don't even know if the condition anymore Is not anything worse than I thought it to be because like low pee there was a point where like it was so bad I really didn't know what was up and I really was like not scared but nervous that I had some sort of like skin disease that was like going to go all over my body And I could 100 feel for the people that might have some sort of skin Imperfection or pigmentation It definitely does make your self confidence go down in the fact that like not that I didn't want to take my shirt off But like when I do take my shirt off people are gonna be like, you know, what's wrong with you I have to explain what happened, but I'm super stoked to get this gone. Hopefully it goes away soon But I did shave so I'd have a baby baby belly again Because that's another big thing like the more like hair I probably have on my chest the worst Like I'm gonna sweat and stuff and like TMI. I know this is TMI But I just want to thank all of you guys for even in our last video that we talked about this that were like, you know Sending positive messages and all that stuff because like honestly could have been a lot worse I'm glad that it wasn't hopefully soon. I'm coming back with the shirtless pics on instagram I know you guys miss them. I'm kidding. I'm kidding. I'm not like that But make sure to follow me and rya on instagram because we also did just post on there like yesterday I think and you guys are missing out I did some funny stories some like if you didn't see like I posted a story saying comment what I should do to rya Then like everything that you guys commented like I did to her like I scared her with a bug It's laughter booty just like you know like cute funny things that you guys message I just love talking to you guys. I love incorporating you into all of our videos So make sure to go hit us up on there and I think that's it for today's video guys I'm just gonna button up. Hopefully this cream works We might give you a little update and one of our next videos in the future But for now, this is what we're running with I'm trusting the doc when she says That that is all that is it. It looks like she was pretty confident. I'm not gonna mess with her opinion. Okay She's the professional here, and I'm just the youtuber So I really don't know anything when it comes to people's bodies except rya But we will see you guys in the next video, but until then peace. Love you guys


An management of Obafemi Awalawa University, OAU, Ilefe, has taken a significant step to reduce economic burden of high electricity tariff and irregular supply to enhance various academic activities. The Vice-Chancellor of the University, Prof. A. Tokpe Ogumbodidi, said this during a world press conference to herald activities marking the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the institution. He said the ongoing rural electrification agency power of 8.03 MW for the supply of electricity was the first to be enjoyed by any university in Nigeria and would enable the OAU to generate its own electricity. Like I told you, we are generating 8.03 MW of electricity from our current blue debt, which is going to be gas-powered. Once that is formed, any excess electricity we may not just allow that to waste, it may have to go to members of the community. The Obafemi Awalawa University has, to a large extent, been able to fulfill its manage by the power values of excellence, efficiency, integrity, hard work. However, the university will continue to dedicate itself to the promotion of learning and culture through our mission of promoting by research and other means the advancement of knowledge and its practical application to switch and control economic, scientific and technological problems. Notified about fresh news updates.


Alright, so we've got a couple of questions from our buddy Gabby and the first question is, is there any way you can close your eyes in dreams? The second question, every time I try to expect something to happen, it doesn't. I know in lucid dreams you can do and control what you want, but why isn't it working? Okay, so the first question, yes you can close your eyes in dreams, however, more than likely it will wake you up or at least end the lucidity because it's just a very easy and straightforward way to wake up from a dream. Whenever I used to have nightmares, I used to have nightmares about this dog chasing me and to, after a while I realized that when I just closed my eyes I woke up and the nightmare was over. That was before I discovered lucid dreaming and how to actually, you know, confront the dog and understand the fear and realize that it was because I was chased by a dog when I was younger, but that's neither hell or that. The fact is I learned that by closing your eyes in a dream, you end the dream usually. That's usually what happens. Okay, the second part of the question, this is slightly more interesting, slightly more of an involved question. Every time I try to expect something to happen it doesn't. Right, the the issue with this is that if, especially if you're new to lucid dreaming, when you expect something to happen it usually won't and this can be discouraging and it can sort of reinforce a negative loop because you expect something to happen and then it doesn't, so then the next time around you expect it slightly less and so on and so on until eventually you just have no control over the dream and you can't, it seems like you can never learn to lucid dream and control it because you become discouraged. I mean if you expect to fly and you don't fly then obviously you're going to doubt your ability to fly in a lucid dream. It's pretty simple but there is something you can do about that and that is you have to become more stable in the dream before you expect something to happen and I'll explain by what I mean by that. Okay so this is, I'm not going to talk about the layers of a lucid dream because I'm going to explain that in a later video. This is, I'm just going to sort of reference that idea. Okay so if you imagine when you first become lucid, you could say layer one of a lucid dream, you usually snap out of that lucidity pretty quickly unless you're focused and know what you're doing. So this is the reason why most beginners become lucid and then almost instantly become awake or they excite themselves too much and they just end the lucid dream. So that is sort of the first stage. Okay and at that stage you can't control hardly anything in the lucid dream or you can sort of really do is look around you and think well I know this is a dream, I'm lucid dreaming and you sort of, you get all excited like wow I'm lucid dreaming. This can't be real so it must be a dream and that is sort of the first stage and if you try to control things at that stage more often than not you won't be able to control things because you're not fully lucid and although it feels like you are, although it feels like you know you're dreaming and you should be able to control things, I mean why not? You know you're dreaming so significantly you're lucid dreaming, but it's not quite that simple. Okay there are different levels of lucidity and therefore different levels of control. It's not the case that you can just do a reality check in a lucid dream, in a normal dream, sorry, and then instantly be able to control the entire dream and the entire dream world. It doesn't quite work like that. Okay it comes down to skill and also different as I say layers and levels. So at the first level you can be aware that you're dreaming but at the same time it almost feels like you're exploring the dream world as if it were a real place and this is where it gets a little bit confusing. Although it does definitely feel like a real place and the sensations and experiences you have in a lucid dream feel very vivid and real. I'm not saying that it's not, all I'm saying is that at the lower levels of lucidity you feel like it's an actual place that you're exploring rather than a place that you're creating and there is a bit of a difference here and as you get to the higher levels you not only become aware and in control of your actions as your dream character in a dream but you also become aware and in control of the other dream characters and the other elements of the dream and eventually the entire experience and the entire dream world and that is sort of the highest near the highest level of lucidity where you can do anything. You can switch dream characters, you can experience two people's views at once, you can experience different times at the same time if that makes sense, you can experience different dimensions and all of this advanced sort of stuff but in the lower levels you can't really do that all you can really do is you can look around and you can be aware that you're dreaming, you can decide for example to you can decide to pick up your phone or pick up a ball from the floor whatever you want to do you know you can decide to go over and talk to someone you can decide to open a door and although it feels like you're lucid dreaming and you're in control you're still as I said it still feels like you're discovering and exploring the world rather than creating and controlling it and that for that reason when you expect something to happen as you say and it doesn't it's because you're not completely lucid you're only lucid in the sense that your dream character is aware of what he or she is doing so in order to advance the levels it's really about practice meditation and more practice I hate to say this but that it's just gonna take time okay it's gonna take a lot of exploring and experimentation on your part to get to those higher levels I mean even I've been dreaming five to eight years I mean I can't even remember when I started it's been years and I still sometimes have the dreams where I'm on the lower level on the first layer of lucidity you know it comes and goes it varies wildly but time and practice will really help you to get to those higher levels but I hope you can understand now why when you expect something to happen and it doesn't it's not really a case of you or your lucid dreaming ability not working as such it's just the case of you're not really on the right level of awareness and that's something that comes with time and practice so don't worry at the moment just enjoy it for what it is explore the dream experiment and I guess try and when you become lucid try and stabilize it and that will sort of help you advance to the higher levels so when you become lucid instead of exploring the world and sort of going flowing down the river of the dream and letting it carry you instead decide to just stop and just look at one detail of the dream well for example rubbing your hands and this will stabilize you and ground you in the dream and sort of relax you and slow things down a bit so that you can really take the time to look at the details think about what exactly you're doing and then hopefully when once you've grounded yourself and if the dream is stable enough you can you can try this little technique and just try and stop whatever you're doing for a second stop looking around and walking in the dream and just think to yourself and maybe even say out loud and I know this is all a dream and I know that I am creating everything okay and just really try and wrap your mind around the idea that you are not only creating your dream character and your decisions in the dream but your mind is also constructing absolutely everything you see and experience around you in your dream and this includes feelings temperature every sites sounds your mind is constructing all of that so when you really understand that and when you really believe that because that is essentially what's happening it's all in your mind when you believe and understand that then it will be much easier to do things you haven't given an example in your question you just said every time I try and expect something to happen it doesn't I'm gonna give you an example let's say you you expect to be able to fly this is quite a common thing in lucid dreams you expect to be able to fly so you might sort of jump up and expect yourself to stay off the ground and maybe travel upwards but instead of trying to expect it to happen and trying to force it just just try and realize that you are the whole dream you're not just your dream character exploring and experiencing it you are the whole dream your mind and your awareness with practice because remember I said you can progress and regress down up and down the levels but just with practice you realize that you are the whole dream so it's not a case of learning how to fly it's just you just do it you is within your capability because you are creating and experiencing it at the same time and this is where I can get confusing you have to have a balance between control and creation and experience and subjective experience there is no other way of saying so I hope this has helped if you have a question please send it to the channel or my email and don't forget to subscribe because that way you can get all my latest videos and you don't have to wait and hope that I email you


Welcome to this next segment of this course CD spectroscopy and MOSBIR spectroscopy for chemist. My name is Arnab Datta and I am an associate professor in department of chemistry at IIT Bombay. So, today we are going to discuss the applications of CD spectroscopy. So, in the previous segment we started this discussion of applications of CD spectroscopy and over there we show how a change in the cobalt oxidation geometry from cobalt 2 in presence of oxygen it goes to cobalt 2, but this sulfur become sulfonized and slowly over time it come to square plane and then it goes to form cobalt 3 system these are the solvent ligands and over there this coordination change we actually figure it out with CD spectroscopy where we found different signature of CD spectra for each of these particular complexes because these all the different geometries actually give us different configuration of this amino acid ligand which is bound to this cobalt which is a 7 amino acid based ligand ACD LPCG which actually got to different coordination geometry and that is actually affected by the change in the sulfur oxidation or cobalt oxidation over here and showcase the change in CD spectra. So, one thing I want to mention over here that when you are looking into the CD spectra we are mostly looking into the wavelength region of 400 to 600 nanometer or even say 700 nanometer in the visible region and this is the delta epsilon axis this is the zero line. So, sometime we saw features like this and sometime we saw features like this. So, there are some changes we are seeing and over here the changes are happening between 400 to 700 nanometer where the amino acid itself does not have any particular band unless your system has a optical band it cannot be optically active or CD active. So, first you have to have a band over there and amino acid itself does not have a band but the metal cluster when it binds to this cobalt sulfur it might have a particular LMCT band ligand to metal charge transfer or the transition band which is actually coming up and those are becoming chiral those particular bands. Now, over here you can see this cobalt system over here is a tetrahedral this is more of a octahedral square planar and these two tetrahedral geometry which are typically not belong to a system which can be chiral however they are still chiral why so because this chirality is generated by the amino acid it is bound to is a cysteine amino acid is bound to and which is actually have a alpha carbon which is chiral and that actually induces some chirality into this LMCT or degree transition band that is showcased over here. So, that is why we call them induced chirality because the metal center itself may not be chiral but the presence of chiral ligand induces some chirality over there and why does it get induced we have gone through that earlier a molecule is chiral and it can show optical activity that means signature in the CD spectroscopic band when the transition is not only active electrically or diplomat wise also magnetically or rotation wise that means both of them has to be active. So, it is a dipole moment wise and also it has to do with the rotation wise. So, I should say it Ue and Um and both of them are active at same time then you see this helical system which actually induces the chirality. So, this is actually happening mostly on the alpha carbon but some of it also transferred to this cobalt band through this bonding happening between this cobalt ligand interaction. So, that actually induces some part of this electrical and magnetic moment that means this helical moment to come towards the cobalt which actually makes this band optically active and that is what we have shown with this cobalt based sample example. Let us look at another one example where we are here showing you a cobalt sample with a saline ligand what is a saline ligand this is salicyl aldehyde a very common aldehyde this salicyl aldehyde reacts very easily with an amine and this CHO group becomes an imine and from this particular ligand which is known as the saline ligand and if I introduce cobalt over there in half equivalent amount it creates this particular complex cobalt saline complex and over here the cobalt saline when I prepared I prepared this complex with different kind of amines which is actually nothing but benzyl amine phenylalanine tyramine or tyrosine this has actually an amine group present over here at the end of this wiggly bond and over here you can see the tyrosine and phenylalanine are amino acid. So, I want to see if this chiral amino acid can induce some chirality to this cobalt band which is originally not chiral at all but can it have some induced chirality and we can showcase that with the reactivity that we are seeing. So, to understand that we are going to do that but the first question is why do I require to understand this cobalt saline complex that is because this cobalt saline complexes that I have shown over here is actually I am drawing this saline bond like this in a cartoon is a saline one and this complex is quite robust quite stable and that is why we wanted to see if this catalyst or this complex is robust complex can do some reaction with proton and produce hydrogen or not and if it is doing that if the presence of amino acids in the periphery can help with some proton binding or not this is known as the proton so that is our goal with making this complex. So, let us take a look what are the reactions we have done. So, first take this saline aldehyde react with this different amines some of them are actually derived from the amino acids react with that produce the saline ligand produce the cobalt complex and then we did electrochemistry. So, what is electrochemistry this is electrochemistry known as cyclic voltammetry where in this particular axis we change the potential applied potential on that particular catalyst and further we go to the negative sign this is the reduction side further we move to the positive side that is the oxidation side. So, you can see we put that complex at different pH condition and then try to move the potential from this particular position towards negative region and then coming back and over there we see particular signature of there this is the material that the cobalt material we have cobalt saline complex that is actually showing some signature peaks over here which is believed to be the change in the cobalt state. So, it is believed that it is a cobalt 3 to 2 and cobalt 2 to 1 change possibly and over here you can see the both the changes are actually combining at a condition specially at the lower pH region. So, before that all of them has 2 signatures. So, that means 2 different signature that means the cobalt is actually having a little bit different symmetry and then over here we see a huge signal coming out over here that is the catalytic signal which signifies that now you are seeing a hydrogen production and over here you can see this signature started coming out only after pH 3 not before that at 2 pH 4 there is not much signature, but after that only this catalysis happens. So, that means it is active for hydrogen production below pH 3. So, you should say hydrogen production catalysis in this electrochemical setup. So, we have it electrocatalysis only less than 3 of pH only then it would trigger. So, you have to come below pH 3 the question is why we have to go to below pH 3 to do that. So, that means something is there which is actually getting changed around pH 3. So, when you look into this catalyst structure one more time over here we see there is only one particular group which can indulge this when we have this tyrosine and phenylalanine that is having this carboxylic acid group and that has a pKa around 3 to 4 and that possibly has done something to do with the catalysis. So, this carboxylic acid group is it involved in some way so that it can control or tune the catalysis around pH 3. So, that is the one of the hypothesis we have now we need a proof for that. To prove it we again go back to the optical spectroscopy. So, these are the optical spectroscopy of different complexes where we have the tyrosine, benzylamine, tyramine and tyrosine and over here this is the tyrosine complex we take the optical spectra different pHs from pH 2 to pH 6 and you can see there are some bands this is pi to pi star band coming from this ligand based system there is two hump one over there one over there and those are coming from the LMCT band. Now over here when you go to pH 2 to 6 the optical spectra does not show any significant change. However, when you do the same experiment with the same solution at the same condition with CD spectroscopy and we move from pH 2 to pH 6. Look carefully what we found we have some signature bands one is over here and 250 nanometer which is actually coming from the ligand itself. However, there are some signature over here and 350 to 400 region which is actually the induced CD spectra which is actually coming because of the amino acids is pushing some chirality towards the cobalt center which is itself is chiral. But some of its bands become optically active and it showcase its bands in the CD spectroscopy and over here very carefully see as we go beyond pH 3 there is a clear shift in the bands over here particularly in this region and this region which shows that some changes is happening around the band over here which is actually triggered by the change in the system around it and when you are drawing the system around it we have this cobalt we have this saline ligand and over there through this saline ligand we have this amino acids bound to it phenylalanine tyrosine which also have a carboxylic acid group and this carboxylic acid group can lose one proton and becomes carboxylate and once it forms carboxylate it can directly bound with the metal from the axial position and if that is actually happening then it will stop the catalysis and where does this carboxylic acid to carboxylate interaction happens that happens around the pKa of CWH which is around the region of 3 to 4. So, does that is actually triggering the change why the CD spectra is changing and that is if it is true if the carboxylate is present in deprotonated form it will bind to this cobalt and it will not allow any proton to come and bind to this cobalt center which is an key step for electro catalytic hydrogen production and that is not going to happen and hydrogen production will be stopped if carboxylate is there and binding to this signature and that is probably actually happening. So, beyond pH 4 that means if your pH is beyond 4 this is carboxylate form and it is binding directly to the cobalt and it is stopping the protons to come and bind to it and no catalysis is happening but if we go below pH 4 this is getting protonated so it leaves the cobalt center so that the proton can come and bind at the same time the carboxylate OH group can help to relay the proton which will help to increase the catalysis rate and that is why this kind of cobalt cell and complexes are active for hydrogen production only at below pH 3 or so. So, that is why the catalysis is happening and we know that this is actually happening the carboxylate binding to this is changing and this is the alpha carbon which is the chiral carbon and their interaction with the cobalt will change depending whether the carboxylate is bound or not. So, the induced chirality will also modify or also alter according to the pH of the solution specially around 3 or 4 and that is also we found in the CD spectra that over there this change is happening around that region which showcase yes this kind of carboxylate carboxylic acid change is happening the cobalt coordination geometry is changing the induced chirality is changing and giving us an idea like what is actually happening over here. And that is what happens for this particular complex and over here again CD spectroscopic give us an insight what is probably happening around the complex when we have a chiral the active ligand bound to this matter. So, that gives us an idea whether it can be electrochemically active or not. The next application we will go with G quadruplex. So, this is the structure of guanine one of the basic nuclear base that can be found in the biology which forms this AT, GC, adenine, thionine, guanine and cytosine among them guanine is one of them and it forms very nicely interaction with cytosine. So, we know AT and GC they form very nice hydrogen bonding which is actually the template interaction for formation of the double helix DNA. However, we also found that this kind of guanine can interact with the another guanine. So, it can form a guanine-guanine interaction and specially it form guanine-guanine interaction through hydrogen bonding network. And that typically form this kind of tetra kind of structure where four guanine group is coordinated to each other and in the middle there is a presence of a metallo and generally sodium, potassium, calcium they actually help to stabilize this kind of interaction between four guanine which is known as guanine quadruplex that is four guanine together. And over there we are showing you this is the four guanine in how it looks like in a plane. So, this is the structure it is shown over here and you can have multiple of them which is connected and they kind of create this kind of loop and this is mostly happened when you have a guanine rich sequence of DNA or RNA and over here it is pretty much mostly found in the tail end of the chromosome on the terminal segment which is also known as telomere and this particular signature is found over there. Now, what is the significance of that? Scientists are still working on that what is the significance of this guanine quadruplex one thing is for sure they actually stabilize the telomere segment and the telomere segment is very important because that is the part which is actually affected by the surrounding environment most and over here the presence of this telomere it is going to interact with this environment and can be eaten up. But if you have this kind of quadruplex G quadruplex formation it stabilizes and stabilizes the telomere portion and also the chromosome of the system. So, that is why having a guanine environment is very much important but we need a system we need a spectroscopy by which I can know whether my system has a G quadruplex or guanine quadruplex there or not for that we first try to understand how many different kind of signature is possible. So, there are three different signatures possible parallel hybrid and anti-parallel. So, what is parallel and anti-parallel? So, first when you have this kind of G quadruplex formation you can see this is the background of the nucleic acid coming and then the guanines are coming together and forming this very nice planar system stabilized by some metals in most of the cases and forming this sheet of G quadruplex. However, we want to know what is the sequence what is the order of the sequence when they are going. So, we have two ends are written by 5 dash and 3 dash. So, over there look into that how the 5 dash and 3 dash is connected it is going bottomless and then this segment again and then is coming down again. So, all the time 5 dash to 3 dash it is actually going down going down going down. So, that means all the different portion the guanines are coming all of them are seeing the DNA backbone it is 5 dash to 3 dash in the same direction. So, that is which is known as the parallel. If it is in the opposite direction for an example take case over here. So, this is the 5 dash to 3 dash at this end whereas over here 5 dash to 3 dash in the other end this is also other end this is on the other end. So, you can see the next to each other they are actually opposite in nature in one end it is going bottomless 5 dash to 3 dash other end it is going upwards 5 dash to 3 dash. So, that is known as the anti-parallel and you can see the difference between parallel and anti-parallel is you have to have a hinge to ensure that the backbone bends and have the similar parallel signature. Whereas in the anti-parallel you do not have to change anything it just flow with the flow and over here the anti-parallel can have 2 different signature one is called the basket and the chair. In the chair from what happens this backbone over here you can see it actually goes over there and connect. So, it is not covering the base of the system whereas over here it is going over there and then it is connecting coming and coming through the bottom. So, the bottom part is actually covered by this DNA backbone. So, that is why it is called the basket there is a basement over there of this nuclear bases whereas over here there is no basement. So, it is called the chair below the lower part is actually empty. So, this is the anti-parallel and over here you can see there is no hinge at all it just flow on its own. So, that is why one side is 5 dash other side is 3 dash anti-parallel. Then there is a possibility of hybrid system where you have both of them. One side you can see it is coming at the same. So, this is up this is down. So, this is the anti-parallel portion over here and then there is a hinge it is goes bottom again. So, this segment is parallel and this is anti-parallel. So, you can have a mixture of that and that is known as the hybrid. So, when you have a GU quadruplex we not only want to know like is there is present or not, but what is the signature and how I can differentiate between parallel, anti-parallel and hybrid by CD spectroscopic. So, this is the CD spectra of all these systems. This is the parallel one and you can see a very strong signature around 260 nanometer on the positive side a negative one at 240 nanometer and only one band coming over here. On the anti-parallel one at 240 nanometer you have a positive signature and there is another signature around 290 nanometer over here. So, it is it will be shifted for the anti-parallel one. So, what is happening in the hybrid you are going to see a mixture of it. You are going to see some bands are actually in the negative region and a little bit band over here 260 nanometer which is showing they have a parallel component and then there is this band over here around 290 nanometer which showcase that I actually having a anti-parallel component. And then we can actually look into the different signature of a g-crore duplex and different conditions. So, these are all different conditions and these are the different buffer conditions and over here you can see each of them has 4 signature. One is the pink colors sample this one. This is the original signature what I am getting blue one if I am going to get parallel signature. So, only one positive band around 260 and negative band on 240 for all of them and then hybrid system is given by the green one and the anti-parallel is given by the red one. And then we put the same g-crore duplex sample at different buffer condition and figure it out what is actually happening. So, over here in the TBS buffer what I am seeing this is my graph over here and you can see it is very much similar to matching with the red one that means anti-parallel. So, at this condition it is forming an anti-parallel symmetry. Over here now this particular signature what we are seeing is matching with the parallel one. So, at TBSK system it become a parallel system. It remains parallel even in this TK geometry. So, this parallel g-crore duplex is found in both of them. Then the TK 150 again similar it is parallel. So, all of them is remaining parallel in TBSK, TK and TK 150. Then you put the TK geometry then you start seeing some change. It is not totally parallel not totally anti-parallel not even totally hybrid. So, it is somewhere in between. So, you can see it is slowly trying to come from a totally parallel to anti-parallel system it is somewhere in between. So, it is a mixture of parallel plus anti-parallel. So, far there you can follow the dynamics of g-crore duplex very nicely with CD spectroscopy and that we have done over here. And we can easily follow it up what is actually happening over here whether it is a parallel anti-parallel or a mixture of both or even a hybrid system. So, with that we can say that the CD spectroscopy can be very important for us where we can follow what is actually happening to the g-crore duplex structure in the presence of different amounts and different nature of the buffer solution and that is round over here. So, over here today we will be concluding this section of the CD applications where we have gone through how we can use CD spectroscopy to find out whether a metal complex is bound to a chiral ligand or not and what is the changes happening during the catalysis or during the different molecular reactivity and not only that we can also follow up the changes happening in the DNA structure especially g-crore duplex structure when we actually expose that to different kinds of buffer and what kind of geometry it is forming. So, that is why CD spectroscopy is a very powerful tool to understand what is happening in the molecular level how much minimal changes are happening and follow the chiral signature with this particular spectroscopy. So, with that we would like to stop it over here. Thank you. Thank you very much.


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Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com nightly wrap up show. Hope everybody is doing well. Crazy, crazy market today, right? You would never know in a million years if you were just a passive investor looking at the market wrap up today, you would never know how strong the majority of leaders today were on the NASDAQ. If you are brand new to the channel before we continue, guys, just drop a like. We really appreciate your viewership. We really thank you for the 10, 15 minutes that you spend with us on a daily basis. We really do appreciate it. We continue to provide this content. All we ask is like a share and tell a friend and all is good in the world. Other than that, back to the regular schedule program. Like I was saying, you would never know, right? You would never know.  The Dow was down 336 points or 1% to S&P off 26, and the NASDAQ could have done anything down 22 points. But what you didn't see was when we started talking about last night in the video, we talked about the names that were rested, putting in two, three days' rest, right?  We were talking about the NVIDIAs of the world, the Microsofts of the world, the AMDs of the world, the stocks that had big, big runs that were consolidating for two, three days, and all they needed to do was get a little bit of a push out of their range to start making the next leg up. I didn't think for a second, right? I did not believe for a minute that today was going to be one of those scenarios that not only were they going to wake up, that they were going to expand with a lot of aggression, and that's exactly what happened today. At some point today, I looked up and I go, how is the NASDAQ only up 35 points? It felt like the NASDAQ got one point today. If all you guys who trade mega cap technology names, they felt like the NASDAQ was up like 250, 300 today. We'll get to the individual pivots in a second. NVIDIA one point went to 99. The stock was at one point up 10. Microsoft lost its mind today at the open, put up a $4 candle at the open. AMD went ballistic, absolutely ballistic at the open. You had Google, massive call buying. Amazon, not only was Amazon strong, Amazon closed. This is the highest formation, right? Since the move on February the 2nd of that 114 high print. So you had incredible, absolutely incredible stocks. Now, did everything go up? No, of course not. Names like meta continue to rest, but I'm watching, right? It's the same scenario that we talked about yesterday with Microsoft, NVIDIA, and AMD, right? They're resting on a range. So I'm watching NVIDIA, I'm watching Meta for tomorrow. Stock like Apple, right? Didn't participate today, but it's doing exactly the same thing we talked about last night on Microsoft's and on Microsoft's take. Even though Apple and the same thing, the same language, even though Apple is putting in three days in a row of lower highs, it's still, just like Microsoft yesterday, is still putting in three consecutive days of higher lows and hugging the 10-day moving hours. Now, the question is, is it going to do perform the same thing that Microsoft did today? We don't know. We don't know that, but I am watching the top of the range here. So if they could reclaim back the five-day moving average on Apple, this thing should wake up. Same thing with Meta, right? Same trades over and over again. It's been the one cool thing about the technology trade is they've been literally taking turns, right? When Microsoft is strong, Apple rests. When Apple rests, NVIDIA is strong. When NVIDIA rests, Meta wakes up. So next couple of days, I definitely want to watch Apple. I definitely want to watch Meta. They look pretty good. They look like they're prime and ready. Obviously, if the market implodes, everything I'm saying here becomes kind of irrelevant, but the point is we have to be prepared on both sides of the market. And when you saw today's action, this is one of those days, I've always maintained, again, what this business put me through, especially, I'm doing this for 24 years. I started in end of 1998, 1999. It was like the internet craze. What this business put me through mentally and psychologically and emotionally for the first five years, I wouldn't wish it on my worst enemy. So the idea is when people start talking about with this gleam of joy and happiness, how much they love trading, it blows my mind because I never had the same experience, especially in the first five years. But I will say, if trading was like this today, right? If trading was like this every single day and you're getting measured potential moves within 15 minutes of the trading day, I'll be honest to you, brother would like, would love trading. But again, not every single day is like this. Again, we'll get to the pittance in a second. Big disconnect, right? People ask me today, is it bothering you that the S&P was red while the Nasdaq was going higher? And I kept on reiterating the point. And I've been reiterating the point for many, many years now. I think the days of the market, right? When people talk about the market is over, right? I don't believe that Home Depot, and again, you can make a case that Home Depot's earnings ship the Dow Jones today. Okay, who cares? I didn't even know the Dow was even read today until towards the end of the day, especially with a 300 point move. I've learned a long time ago, and it really has played out for many, many years, that there's no such thing as a stock market anymore. So meaning that if Microsoft is strong, IBM has to be strong. If IBM is weak, that means Intel has to be weak. No, it doesn't work like that. It's such a specific place now. It's no more stock market. Now we have a market full of stocks, and they could stand on their own two feet, and it's all stock independent, and it's all stock specific. So one day you can have the semiconductor is red, and then the next day, just like today, they're just blowing doors for 90% of the day. They're blowing doors and blowing shorts out of the water, especially aggressively at the open. So this disconnect, you know, look, if this was 20 years ago, I'd probably say, yeah, there's something really, really fishy, but look where the cues are, right? Look where the cues are, and it's very, very tough to turn around and go, yeah, I see a problem. Look, tomorrow we can have a day that we engulf five days worth of buying. We're having this conversation here at the bottom of the range, but until that happens, it's very, very tough to kind of read into it. I think a lot of traders put in so much time to try to outguess the market and outthink the market and outsmart the market. And what wound up happening is they eventually get so cute that they outsmart themselves, and reality kicks in, and here we go again. But I do like certain things. I do like the way the Nasdaq has been making its way higher as the bank fiasco, starting a couple of months ago, has been taking its toll, even days that there's new defaults. I know they slowed down a little bit in the regional banking space, the Nasdaq continues to go higher. Again, is that case, there's only five, six stocks to take in the market higher? I disagree. How could it be five, six stocks? Go through the Nasdaq 100, right? You have predominantly all of them, but not all of them, but most of them close to the top or at least the middle of the range. So the idea that this rally that started on January the 11th when we reclaimed the 50-day moving average is based on five stocks, I just don't buy it, okay? I just don't buy it, because again, I know how aggressive the market has been, especially in the technology space. And here's the follow-up question. If you really, Dean, believe, right, if you really believe that only five stocks are taking up the market, well, why aren't you playing those five stocks, right? It's only a question that you could answer. So it's very, very easy to point fingers and make blame, and this, that, the third, it's process over everything, process over opinion, process over, you know, the school board, process over the news, it's either going to go or it's not. It's a simplistic, it's a simplistic idea, and it's so simplistic to understand, but a stock could only do two things. It could either go up, it could either go down, right? It can't go in circles, and it can't go, it feels that way sometimes, right? But it can't do anything but either go up or down. It's our job as traders, whatever your specific process is, you could be trading pivots with me, you could be trading small caps and mid caps and whatever crypto, your job is to identify the edge in that price movement, right? It's not the market makers, it's not the dark pools, it's not some guy pulling the strings. Your entry is just not right, right? And that's what I've accepted a long time ago. So when I lose money on the trade, it has nothing to do about some outside force, you know, pulling the string. I effed up, right? I effed up. It was my fault. So the idea that the market is going up on three to five stocks, I think it's silly. Guys, go do your research, chart the Nasdaq 100, chart the S&P 500. Hell, even some names are still doing really, really well. They represent the Russell, but the point is your specific strategy, your specific process is going to be judge, jury, and execution when it comes to success or failure. So as of right now, again, the market continues to, you know, to benefit strong stocks, strong names continue to get bid up on dips every single day. You see the majority days weakness, all of a sudden buyers come in, option flow picks in, short-term, short-term out of the money, coal buyers come in, and next thing you know, two days later, the stock is exploding once again. So that's it. I think until we start losing back the five-day moving average on the Qs, you know, it's very, very hard for me to switch my tune considering it's just working, right? It's just absolutely working. So whether you're trading technology or not, again, I always encourage everybody to try everything. I actually tweeted this out on my private, on my public feed, and I asked, for all you guys who've been following me for years and years and years, and we've been demonstrating the power of the pivot for like 12, 13 years now, right? And I always ask, I was very, very curious to say, and I said, well, I'm just curious, why haven't you tried a big tech technology niche? You know, the apples that, you know, Metas, the Tesla's of the world. And I, obviously there's a lot of answers, but you know, there's only three things I could think of, right?  I get it. Or is it just a simple case of fearing the unknown, right? You know, fearing the unknown. Say, first time getting behind a wheel of a car.  I started driving when I'm 16. You know, at 16 years old, you know, every move of the car, you're freaking out.  I'm going to be 49 years old next month. I could literally drive two hours and zone out, not even watch the road and I'll get there. So is it the fear of not understanding what these beta names are? Because again, if you break down trading in the most basic essence of all, it's technical analysis that is driven by institutional capital, especially via the options market that when they confirm, usually good things are going to happen. If that's the case, guys, and if you do want to try pivots, I invite you, you know, kick it, you know, kick the tires of the webinar for 30 days. If nothing at all, I think you'll get a really good sense of why these pivots are different, why there's an edge to this pivots and why it's so crucial to go in the direction of the institutional money instead of going against this. If you are interested, there's a link below under the comment section that Kyler always puts in on a daily basis. I'm telling you, I think if you give it a shot for 30 days, I think there's something that you will at least see that you're probably not seeing now in the forms of technical analysis. So let's get to the charts, right?  So far, it's not groundbreaking, right? It's not groundbreaking. It's not earth shattering. The stock is basically up about a buck. If you guys remember in the last night's video, I'm still watching the bottom of the range, okay? I don't know what time you're going to, you know, see this video, okay? I have no idea. But I'm watching the bottom of the range here. If the stock can't rally after Elon Musk's talks and finishes up with his investors day, guys, watch the bottom of the range here. I'm telling you, we've been seeing a lot of put buying for this week, the 160s, the 155s, the 150s. Look, again, you might be watching this video and Tesla might be up 10 tomorrow. I don't know. But I'm preparing. All we can do is preparing, not anticipating, not starting a position before it's time, but I'm preparing because if this guy stops talking and the stock doesn't rally and gets rejected off the previous day's range and finally takes out the bottom range here, we got to watch this thing to the downside for tomorrow, guys. So again, right as of right now, it is up about a buck.  I want to watch this thing tonight. If it starts losing the bottom of range here on the daily chart, I think it could be a really good potential trade. So let's go, let's get to the pivots for today. Crowd, I still like this crowd. Never got up there. 136 rejected twice. Needs to build, never got there. Meta, 1426 needs to build. Never got there. Here we go. Microsoft out of a cannon. Out of its mind. We talked about this last night. 311-12 needs to build. Here was the sneaky, sneaky chow. We were talking about rummage. 3 consecutive days of higher lows, the lower highs, and 3 consecutive days of higher lows. Well, it finally got above the range, took out 311-12. That was the high from 511 and went all the way up to almost 314. Beautiful, beautiful move on Microsoft. AI, nice trade on AI for all you guys that took it. AI, I didn't trade today. I traded on NVIDIA, Microsoft. They got a dip buy on AI. Excuse me, I got a dip buy on AI. I didn't trade the strength of the 2431, but Microsoft was really good. AI, 2431, they were coming for the $25 call. Stopped at 2480s before reverse. NVIDIA was awesome today. 289-70 needs to build. Here is NVIDIA. Again, we talked about this last night. Here's the top of the channel here, 289-50. Yes, this high was 289-70. So 289-70, 290 just absolutely exploded. Went almost to 299. Phenomenal, phenomenal move there. AMD, again, we talked about it last night's video, went out of its mind today. They were coming for the 99, the 100s right at the open and the 105s, 106 for next week. 97-50 needs to build. Here is 97-50. Again, we talked about this back to back days. Last night, right on the video, guys. Right on the video, 97-50 got rejected twice. It reclaimed that, just went out of its mind, traded to 103. Just an absolute amazing, amazing move. ACDI didn't confirm. Devags didn't confirm. And that... Oh, here we go. CCL, 1040 needs to build. SizeWire is coming for the 11. It rallied about 25 cents. And Amazon 114, massive channel needs to close above. It didn't close above, but it stock traded almost to 115. Look at those coal buyers who are coming in, you guys. 15, 20, 25, a short-term expiration. So, that's it, man. So, tomorrow, again, we look like we have a pretty, pretty good, solid session for tomorrow. Come early for you guys who are coming into the webinar. Nice and early for morning strategy. If not, I'll see the rest of you guys on a video tomorrow night. Have a great night, everybody. God bless.


WJCT Public Media invites you to an evening with Amna Nawaz, co-anchor of the PBS NewsHour. Amna Nawaz will join WJCT's president and CEO, David McGowan, on stage for an enlightening and engaging conversation, Tuesday, October 3rd at WJCT Studios. VIP reception is at 6pm, followed by the presentation at 7pm. For tickets and more info, go to wjct.org slash events.


Workshop tour of James Fingers Workshop in Sydney, Australia. Hola, what's up? Here's Paul Carson here, a small workshop guy. Today, we're going to go down under, and that means Australia. And we're going to see a fellow named Fixit Fingers. Anyway, that's his YouTube name, Fixit Fingers, James Finger.  I've discovered him rather interestingly, I did another workshop tour, and that fellow recommended that I start following James on YouTube, which I did. Being the first thing I noticed, inexpensive tools, inexpensive approach. And I thought that that would make a good contrast to show that, hey, when you're young, when you've got family, when you've got responsibilities, you don't have to be spending more money than you should on your woodworking hobby, assuming it's a hobby. First thing I would say is, if you're a professional, fine. Get the tools that allow you to do the job, do it quickly, and make money. But if it's a hobby, make sure you're saving for college, make sure you're doing all the right things you need to do for your family and for your children, and keep your woodworking purchase impulses under control. So I'll be bringing James on in just a minute, and we'll kind of do a little compare and contrast. I'll show one of my fancy, expensive tools, and then, and you'll know how I do things with that. And then he'll show how he does that same thing with an alternate set of tools. James, how are you doing? Good day, and welcome from down under. As I said, we're going to do a little compare and contrast. But first, how about giving us the kind of the 30,000-foot view of your workshop? Tell us what kind of a building you're in and other things that you might have prepared to tell us. Thanks, Paul. Well, I am also a one-car garage with a small difference between yourself and myself in that my car has to live in the garage most of the time. And so everything that I have behind me, while I've got your standard one-car garage, I really only have, I think, 18 square metres, which I'll have to convert to feet for you along the walls. So I make really big use of the walls, firstly. And then, of course, this little workbench that I have in front of me, I hang it on the wall, and then it plonks in the middle of the workspace once the car's moved. So that's all I have to play with. So you'll notice a distinct lack of bench tools, which is why I wanted to have this conversation with Paul today. So I'm going to grab the camera now and just give you the very quick turnaround because it will be quick. Now, this is the newest area of my workspace, and it's effectively now my tool area. I've got all of my teal tools. I have a Makita fan. Let's open this up for the big party trick. So I've got the pegboard with the power tools, primarily on the back. I've got the drill, storage, and charger station underneath. And then I've got on the back of these doors the French cleats for the hand tools. And that's where the vast majority of tools live. And as I said, I don't have a lot of bench tools. So these Makita tools are my primary go-to. 18-volt cordless is how I get through the vast majority of my work. A little bit of wood storage, timber racks up top. As I said, using all of the height that I have available to me, I do need to get a bit more of a mobile timber card, I think, on. And then if we just quickly zoom in around the room, this was my old station. This area here was my first workbench, and I'm currently redeveloping that into something else. They were the first cabinets that I built with the lovely clamp rack in the middle. So that's my sort of main non-tool storage. And then the one big tool that I do have is my lovely Bosch axial glide mitre saw. And that's what passes for dust extraction in the workshop. And that's literally it. So it's one car. And as you can see, the big space in the middle with that little workbench that I pull out to do the vast majority of my work on. So let's do the compare and contrast. I've got a saw stop table saw with a safety break in it. It sits permanently in the garage and blocks my wife's car from getting in. And I put data stacks on it and I didn't see a table saw in your garage. So tell me what you do in lieu. Okay, so that is the elephant in the room really because most people say that the table saw is the heart of their garage. I do not have one. That's a slight lie. I have actually made a table saw which I needed for a specific job. It was effectively an upside down circular saw with a homemade fence. It did work. It's just that the circular saw blade is very, very small and I have to set it up every time. So I found even with that, I don't tend to use it. The vast majority of ways I get around not having the bench tools is with jigs. And the table saw, it's a versatile tool. It takes me a few jigs. Let me grab a few things to show. Now you will see a slight theme running through here and I will chuck on the quick disclaimer that these days and fairly recently I am a Craig Australia affiliate. So if you see a few of the blue tools kicking around but I will also put out there that the reason they approached me and asked me to be a spokesman is because I have used their tools since day one and I absolutely love them. And the ones that I find useful I find very little fault in. I think for a small workshop person who doesn't have bench tools you are gonna be seeing me revert to the blue branded ones. There are of course other guys out there who do similar good stuff too. This one is called the rip cut and it effectively is what's gonna help me get around rip cuts like a table saw. This sled mounts your circular saw to it. It locks down very, very accurately at whatever distance I want to do. And then it's an edge guide which allows you to make repeatable rip cuts at your set distance up to about two feet. So breaking down sheet goods so I can fit them in the back of my wagon in order to get them home from the timber store or lumber store as you guys would call them. That is absolutely brilliant. One of the things it can't do very well is angles. So the second part of replacing a table saw is a track saw. I don't own a dedicated track saw. I do have a Craig again, AccuCut which uses the same sled off the rip cut and effectively turns pretty much any circular saw into a track saw. And the last piece of my table saw puzzle is a homemade jig. The one thing that both of those pay jigs fail to do safely is cut a thin strip like a two by four into a thinner strip. So if you want to rip a two by four down the guts, it's quite difficult. So this is the little jig that I have come up with and it's a very simple thing. It uses the edge guide on the circular saw. You read my mind. I was going to ask you how you rip a two by four. So I have my very little, that's actually solid hardwood, very, very dense stuff. So the way this jig works is you put your two by four or whatever you want on there like that. And then you're able to use the included edge guide that will come with pretty much any circular saw to rip it through. None of these things, of course, are as efficient as a table saw, but they do allow me to replicate most of those functions without having to own a very large tool which I physically could not fit in the workshop. And they do allow you to keep money in your checking account. So obviously this costs about on your 30 cents. And look, the rip cut would be a difficult tool to DIY. I've never attempted to do so, but there are lots of ways that you can do track saws or edge guides to do similar things. In fact, I'm hosting a challenge at the moment, hashtag woodjigs21, runs until the end of August, which is a YouTube challenge for people to basically show us your best jigs, show us the way that you do exactly the sort of things on there, so there's a little cheeky plug if you want to get involved. Yeah, just for a DIY for that, if you wanted to rip eight foot long plywood, you can do your own eight foot long DIY track saw, right? That's just exactly that. Just set up just right. So there you can lay that edge down on your line and your saw cuts right on it. So yep, so those are easy. The only thing I do different is I put match fit dovetail grooves on the bottom and then I can hook that up to my saw stallions without any clamps up above the board. So nothing gets in the way of my circular saw. So in terms of dados, I don't really have a saw solution for that in terms of the circular saw. We'll probably get on to this again later. If I'm looking at doing dados or trenches, then I'm gonna be looking at the router table. We'll cover that in a few minutes. And a lot of people would use a router relative to doing rabbits. Now you guys have some other name for rabbits down there, aren't you? Rebates. Rebates. Freshest Australians will say rebate instead of a rabbit. Yeah, I don't know. Instead of lumbar. When you use a router, there's not much wood to take back to the store for a rebate, so I don't know why you guys call it that. But all right, sorry. Little Kansas humor. What about for a jointer? I've got a big power matting, eight inch helical head jointer to flatten boards. Of course, it cost me $2,800 US. And so, let's see what the solution is. All right. This was one of the very first tools that I bought. And you'll see another common theme apart from things made by a certain Blue American company is that I like to flip tools upside down in order to turn a handheld tool into a bench tool. This is my jointer. That goes in there. Fence goes on there. And it's three inches effectively. And some people say that size matters, but it just depends on what you're trying to do. Obviously, I'm not gonna be able to surface large pieces of rough timber, but my building style at the moment doesn't require me to do that. My joining tends to be edge joining. And you can see here, one, two, three, four, five, six, that's seven panels or lovely glued up. No gaps, very, very strong done on this lovely little machine. So it is just an edge jointer. It can also use it as a planer. Not gonna be quite as powerful, but again, for a tiny workshop, it's made of plywood. It weighs another couple of pounds. Very, very simple little solution. Would it be safe to assume that anything that you're gonna show me today is supported by a good instructional video that you have on your channel to show other people how they could create their own jointer in this case on a DIY basis? That would be a fair assumption. The vast majority of things in this workshop, I started filming YouTube about two and a half years ago, coming up to three. And from day one, I will apologize for the embarrassment, I had barely picked up a power tool before. So I've really started recording my woodworking journey from a person who is going to be cringe worthy at how dangerous and dodgy I was doing things. So it's followed the whole journey, almost everything that I've built here from this workbench to the jointer, all the cabinetry, everything pretty much has a video. All right, cool. Well, I've got a Festool Rotex 90. That is a sanding device. It hooks up to a Festool dust collection. The combination of the two cost me over $1,000. What would you, there's your oscillating sander. All right. So this little sander does 90% of my sanding work. I don't actually own a larger belt style sander, it is on the list, but I have a slight rule in the workshop that I do not purchase a new tool until it has a home to go into it. So generally speaking, I'm building the space for the tool first. And also I try not to buy tools. Basically I try to get away with what I have. I've spent an awful lot of time testing this sander out and it is just five inch, it is 18 volt battery powered. So no, it's not going to compare to a large six inch Rotex or Bosch or one of those really nice big sanders. But again, for the level of work I'm doing, I'm not doing tabletops and that sort of thing. I haven't yet found me of a very large sanding device. So it takes a bit more time, but that's pretty much my sanding solution. You did hint at a little slighter drum sanding option. Again, I had a very specific problem a couple of videos ago where I was trying to make some bookmarks out of the near thin wood. And trying to sand those with one of these would have pretty much shattered them. I needed a drum sander and so I built one.  This goes together onto a sled. And again, I'll send Paul some footage of this thing when it was in action and it's drill powered. So effectively the drill spins the small drum on here and I was able to feed through my very veneer thin bookmarks. And it is a jig. It's not meant to be a permanent addition to the workshop, but it's just another way that if you do have a solution, you don't have to rush out and buy a big tool if you can build something that'll get the job done. No, it's never going to be as good as, no, buying a lovely big drum sander. James finger do when he needs a band saw. He comes to his multifunction table, takes the router out, grabs a jigsaw, little Ruby one, so it was one of the first tools that I bought, nice and cheap, flips it upside down and bashes it in there. Haven't got the blade in. And I've got myself about two to three inches of blade to do some fine scrolling work. If you look up behind me here at my lovely map of Australia, that was actually the reason I got into woodworking. I wanted to build that display specifically. And again, with some b-roll footage, I used this jigsaw mounted there to go through and cut out all the way around there. So I don't have the height, I obviously can't resaw or do anything like that. But in terms of, it's almost closer to a scroll saw, I suppose, than a true jigsaw, a true band saw. But I can feed my small curved pieces through there and do my curvature work. Very cool, very, very cool. All right, well, you got any more tricks up your sleeve? So I've got the jointer and the drum sander jig was actually an adaption of my standard router sled. So that's just a piece of form ply. That is the trolley or the sled router in the plunge base. And again, I can use this. I've not had to have a sled larger than this, but of course you could just make it wider if you needed to. There's been nothing stopping you from doing that. Put your router in here, on plunge mode, plunge it down to the depth that you need, slide it back and forth. And you know, people have massive versions of this and you can get CNC controlled versions of exactly this for surfacing my timber down. So that is my little thickness planer. Yeah, and I, the Wood Whisperer has a really good video about doing a jointer sled or a router sled like that, router sled, I use the right term. And I actually used his video to set up and flatten my samurai carpenter workbench using a router sled. So router sled folks will do some flattening of boards, particularly when you follow it up then with some nice sanding to get it nice and smooth. And don't forget you can invest in a three or two or $300 about what 17 inch bench plane called a jointer plane. And you can actually get some exercise and flatten some boards at the same time. So you don't have to have the $2,800 device. Let's see, what do you got there? Disc sander, five inch angle grinder, again in my multi function workbench. This table is the heart of my workshop. It is the replacement for my table saw. It's on a little Ryobi sort of folding saw horse type bench. And I still remember when I spent, I think it was $100, so about $70 US dollars on that folding bench, right at the very start of my woodworking, I was thinking, oh my goodness, why am I spending so much money on such a thing that I don't really use? Or, you know, will I get value out of it? And this bench now is, it's being bashed and battered and I use it for so much. And I've got a, well, I'll show you one more thing.  This was an IKEA desk, someone dropped two of them. It's probably about six foot, five, three foot, not quite six actually, about five and a bit. And I can pop that. So when I need a really large assembly area, again, I pop that on top of the Ryobi bench. So everything in the workshop is about being portable, being relatively lightweight so it can live against the wall and just being organized so that I can get away with not having those large power tools. Yeah, all right, so keep your eyes open when you're going down the highway. And if you don't, James will get there ahead of you. All right. So I think we've got pretty good ideas. So again, what you're just gonna set me up for here is I own a domino machine for joining boards together. And so tell me about your blue monster there. So this one here is the K5 Craig jig. And before we start getting people sort of doing the whole domino versus pocket hole thing and how this is vastly inferior, you're correct. It is. However, this machine will set you back about $200. Did you say the cost of the domino was there, Paul? Darn you. I don't know, $1,100, $1,200, $1,300. Loose tenons or floating tenons are brilliant. That absolutely, the domino has revolutionized woodworking. I will own one one day. Hopefully when it comes out of Peyton and Makita Bill one for half the price. But the pocket hole jig I am, as I said, I'm a self-taught novice. I'm still a novice a couple of years in and pocket holes like dominoes just make but joining things very, very simple. And I've had three of these machines now. I started with the K4. I won this actually in a competition, the K5. And then since becoming a Craig spokesperson here in Australia, they've sent me out the brand new 720 which is in its box. I haven't actually even opened it yet. But yeah, so I pocket hole a lot of things and not just because I'm occasionally paid to do so.  They look, they're strong enough for your cabinetry. No, I'm not gonna make a chair out of them though you probably could. They have their place, especially in a small budget or small space workshop. It's a very, very good entry level tool for joinery. I own that, that sits on my wall and it's quick to grab and what I'm gonna do just one or two really quick things. And I'm able to hide the joinery section because it's on the floor part of a cabinet or something. I will admit that sometimes I grab it because I, and I do have a video about the procedure or the exact steps to go through to set that up properly because you are adjusting it for the thickness of your material, the thickness of your screws and some other things. So if you don't like to read the manuals probably James has got a video on it, I know I do. And so there's a right procedure to go through. And if you don't, if you pull, the problem with tools is if you pull them out every two months, then you forget. Now, how was it? I was supposed to set that up, you know? If I'm doing half inch instead of three quarter inch stuff or if I'm doing two inch things. So keep those videos handy and you do a little two or three minute refresher and away you go. Where are you going to say about it? The shameless plug, the 720 is automatic. It will automatically adjust for your material thickness. That's the revolutionary change between the old system and why they're not making those old K4s and 5s anymore for the U720. It will, you put in a two by four. It's great. You put in 12 bill stock, which is probably the finished you can go. You have to adjust the drill guide that you don't actually have to adjust the jig. It makes it even more idiot-proof.  All right. The tool technology, even in the couple of years that I've been in this game, I've only been at this for less than three years as a woodworker and it astounds me every day. And yes, I think that's a, was that everything we had on our list board or got into that one? That is, that is. And again, I encourage people to go back and view many of your older videos. They're not that old because he's only been at it three years, but so he's got to, you know, if you want to figure out some ways to do DIY and save dollars that I highly, highly recommend that you watch his videos, not mine. And you'll see how to do that. So that was very, very cool. I appreciate it. What I'd like to do now is remind the audience that FixitFingers is his YouTube channel. You don't have a web page per se, do you? I do, yes. Some of my projects, including these cabinets have plans like actual full SketchUp detailed plans. Not many of them. I don't charge for them. They're all free. It's just I do my designing on SketchUp. So if they've been designed to a good degree, they'll go on the website. And I've just got the standard blog and a few things on there that the merchant that sort of stuff too. The only last thing I'd like to check in Paul, just while I've got the mic is space is my limiter. So obviously keeping the car in, I live in an apartment complex, very small ones and 18 units here, but my car is just outside at the moment, but it can't stay there. It can only go out there while I'm in the workshop. So that's my main limit. When it comes to buying your tools, you notice I am a fan of the Makita generally speaking, buy the best tool you can afford. Makita isn't super cheap. You can get the Rogobi and the Rogobi tools are good, but I've got friends who buy them and then they die 12 months later because they're using them every single weekend. So that would be my other number one tip apart from using the walls in a small workshop is to buy the best tool that your budget will allow you because you'll enjoy your woodworking more, you'll get better results using a more accurate tool. And when you do have to make a dodgy jig, the quality of your tool can help to compensate for the shoddiness of your engineering. James, thank you very much. I have fun down under, say hello to your wife and a very, very nice meeting you through this arduous process of trying to get my software working and we'll check you on YouTube. Over and out. Thanks a lot Paul, thanks for having me. And yeah, it's been absolutely blast of the fun. We'll catch you soon. All right, see you later.