So, Nisar is going to be talking about how to develop a GraphQL API in Django using Graphen. So yeah, that's super interesting. Okay, so the audience is yours. I can see your screen. That's perfect. So you are ready to go. Good luck. Thank you. Remember, so as a reminder, if anyone has a question during the talk, you can click in the Q&A, ask the question, and then I'm going to ask those questions to Nisar at the end of the talk. Okay. Good luck. Yeah, thank you. Yeah, so hi everyone. Today I'll be talking about, like, developing GraphQL APIs in Django using Graphen. So first of all, like, let me introduce myself. I am Nisarik Shah from India. I am currently an undergrad CS student. I'm also the software developer at TwitterZip product and I am the co-creator of courses around product. So first of all, let's talk about the main points of the today's talk, right? So, like, I'll be starting with the general views on the APIs. So, like, then I'll shift towards the restful APIs in the GraphQL APIs. Then I'll discuss a few concepts of the GraphQL and then we'll implement the GraphQL APIs in Django using Graphen. Now, basically, in today's age, most of the applications use APIs in the backend, right? And then they connect them with the frontend. Now, the core logic is written in a function which could be called when a particular API is called by a client and then the data is sent to the client from the server. So, basically, what happens that a client calls the API, backend function gets executed and the client gets the data, right? Now, some of the popular API protocols which are currently used are so pressed and there are a few more too. Now, let's talk about like this restful API. Restful APIs have particular methods such as get, put, post, get, put, post and delete it. So, the developer needs to build different endpoints according to the different requirements such as if a developer wants to fetch the data from the server, then a get method API needs to be developed. And if there needs some modification of the server, then put, post, or delete API needs to be developed, right? So, here are the some endpoints of the rest APIs, right? Now, like whenever this API is called, a piece of code gets executed and the response is sent to the client, right? And also in the rest, in some of the APIs, you need to pass some headers mentioning the type of the response such as JSON or like anything. And also, if you want to secure the API, then so like you need to pass some specific token for the authentication. Now, what can be the problems faced while building restful APIs? First thing is there are multiple number of endpoints which are developed in the rest for a single application. Now, this would require a very good amount of documentation or otherwise it may occur some problem at some time. The second is over fetching. Now, what over fetching means? It means the client gets the unnecessary data which is not required in that particular function or feature. Now, for example, just imagine if you want to display all speakers name and you have one endpoint name slash speakers which returns JSON objects which includes profiles of all the users, which means it includes all the data of a particular user. Now, the client only means the name of the speaker and the other data is not needed for that particular feature. So, this is known as over fetching and the under fetching. Now, the under fetching means a client is not receiving the complete required data for a particular function. And so, client needs to call multiple endpoints. Like the client first get the data from the first request and then a second request needs to be made for the required data. So, what could be the alternative of rest and what can be used? So, that's GraphQL. But yes, there are also some cases where rest is more preferred over GraphQL. Basically, GraphQL is open source and it's a query-based language. So, like you just need to write the queries for that and it uses this schema-based system and it also has a good community support. So, now why GraphQL basically? Now, as it's core, it's a language for querying the data this from the client-side applications. Which means the client needs to request whichever data is required at its side. And due to this, it improves the client-server interaction by its enabling the former to make precise data request and obtain no more, no less, but exactly the data which is needed to client for a particular functionality. And the other thing is just a single endpoint. Like, there's only a one post endpoint, no other endpoints, no over fetching, no under fetching as the client gets the data which is required only. And the other thing is autogenization of API documentation is done while you are building the GraphQL APIs. Which means if you write a code, then the documentation of that code is directly done in the GraphIQL like you. Now, let's learn about the GraphQL. We'll like learn some concepts about schema, mutations, queries and the subscriptions. So, first of all schema. Now, basically schema is the object type or like we can say that we can find that which data is available in the API. Which means we can say that the schema holds the complete definition of the API or the complete structure to be more precise. So here, my schema name is product and I have various fields such as product, ID, name, category, price and this. So these are the fields or we can also say it as variables. And this ID, string, float, these are the built-in scalar types which we can also say as the data type. Now, this exclamation mark, it means this field is... So basically this field is required or this field is a necessary field. And we can also build our own scalar types such as list of an object type or something like that. So basically, and also here, by using this schema, it's easy to find the usages of a particular type of data type that which data type is used more. And also we can track the usages of schema by using few tools such as which schema is used more and which query is used more. The next is mutational. So mutation are used for changing or like basically for updating or like changing the data to the server. So now here I have mentioned one mutation named its add product and the required variables which are needed to add a product into the server are passed into this add product mutation. Now here I have mentioned the fields which I am expecting back from the server on the successful operations. So these are the fields which I am expecting back from the server on the successful operation. Now here it is written the same thing. So here it is written the same thing which the server has stored, but you can also return some other objects according to your needs. For example, by adding a product, you want to send the total list of products to the client, then also it could be done by making some of the changes. So here I have shown this mutation using the query variables. So we can also declare these query variables and these query variables are passed to the mutation and then they are passed further to the add a product. Now query query is basically used for fetching data from the server. So here you can see that the query has exactly the same shape as the result. So this is the result and the query is the same shape as the result. So this is the benefit of GraphQL as we know that we will get back what we expected and the server knows exactly what fields the client is asking for. So here I have asked for only the five fields instead of the complete object. And that's why I'm getting the response from the server of only five fields from the query. Subscription. So a subscription is a real-time connection to the server. So it's a real-time connection between client and the server, which means a client subscribes to an event and then this server gives the data to the client when an event is occurred. Here I have subscription on this add a product mutation, which means here by hitting the subscription query to the server, the client is connected with the server in real-time and the connection is established. And now whenever the server performs this particular mutation of adding a product, then server sends this information about the added product to the client back at the same time. Now this can be used for real-time chat services or OTP and some few features too. Here actually I have mentioned the example of mutation, but like you can subscribe queries also and like few other events too. Now there are multiple like tools or libraries for building the GraphQL APIs in Python. I am particularly using Graphin library as it's more convenient to me. Now Graphin uses the code first approach. Now what is code first approach? The code first approach means we start by coding the resolvers or we start by coding the APIs and from the code we get this schema generated as a by-product. That means we'll still have a schema, but instead of manually created, it is created by running our API codes. While the schema first approach, which is used by area, then schema first approach indicates means like we need to first define the complete schema. And according to that schema, we need to develop the APIs and the API structures and the restriction should be matched to the schema. So it's not that schema first approach is better than code first or code first is better than schema first. It's just a matter of convenience. So now let's start building the GraphQL APIs in Django. So we'll be using Django, Graphin and the PostgreSQL as our database. So these are the few steps for building the environment. So I have set up a Django project named project. Then so like you have to install this Graphin. So like using this command and also Graphin Django. Now why I am using Graphin Django is because it provides Django object types. Now why Django object types are required, right? So if I want to build a schema, which is equivalent or which is similar to my Django model, right? So suppose I have 10 fields in my Django model and I want that all 10 fields to the GraphQL schema. Then then basically using this Django object type, I can map that Django object into a GraphQL object or into a GraphQL schema. So like directly and that's why Django object types are very useful. And then also you need to make some settings like some changes for setting up the PostgreSQL. You need to also add this Graphin underscore Django in your install app and this code snippet into a settings.py file. This project is your project name of the Django. Now let's understand a few concepts of Graphin. So first one is the object type. Now the object type is a block or we can say it as basically a mediator, which is used for defining the relations between my fields and my schema, which means here. So basically I'll be having a few number of fields in my product model, right? Now I need to define a relation between these fields and my GraphQL schema. And for that this object type is used for defining the relation between my schema and my fields and my fields which are required in that schema. Now how to build schema? So basically schema is created by supplying the object type of each operation, which means that the relation which we have defined between my fields and the schema. That needs to be passed for creating a schema. Now schema can be built in two ways in Django. First is using this Django object type and the second is we can explicitly mention. Now let's have a look on building schema using Django object type. So here what is happening that I like suppose I have 10 fields in my product model and I want to map all that 10 fields into my GraphQL schema. So for that you can use this code snippet like you just need to pass a Django object type into and so like build a class and then this prototype needs to be passed to the query class.  And if you want to mention the explicit fields, suppose you want to only mention only the four fields in your GraphQL schema, then you can just manually add these fields and you can just assign the variables. And then the schema of only these four variables will be generated instead of a complete model. Resolvers. Now basically this resolver is a method which will resolve the query of a particular schema, which means here I have two schemas which is login and users. And I have two functions which is resolve underscore users and resolve underscore login. So whenever a request will be made for a login schema, let's say then the resolver function of the login schema will be called and this like business logic will be executed and the client will get the response like whichever is needed. So resolver method is used for resolving the queries of a particular schema and make sure that the name of the result function, it should be resolved underscore your schema name, which is your login and your login tool. Now there are three main parameters of the resolvers. One is parent, info and quarks. Now parent is basically, it's the parent of the current root, which means here I have a particular query, which is a joint query. And so now here the parent of repository is repo. So that repo will be passed as a parent. And in info, now the info variable contains some meta information about the user authentication and like something like that. And in quarks, quarks basically carries the graphical arguments such as suppose when you were, so suppose when you were executing a query, which uses the variables then that variables are passed in the quarks. Scalers, now basically scalers are nothing but just like the data types, right? So it's a string float integer ID. So like, so basically cracking towards many inbuilt scalar types, but also you can build your own scalar type such as like just create a schema of the data type and just reference that schema into a particular schema and pass it as an error. So you can build your own scalar such as a list of objects or areas or something like that. So it can be built according to the requirements. Now we'll be looking over the code snippets for queries mutations pagination and authentication pagination is basically sending a particular data or a particular bunch of data to the client instead of sending the complete data. And the authentication is for sickling the backend API's. So here is my file structure. I have made two gen words one is e-commerce and one is users, and I have defined a file name schema.py in which I'll be writing all the queries and all the mutations of e-commerce. So like read that app and here is schema underscore users.py file in user so that you can build a file with any user so like with any name, but in the last this all files needs to be mapped to a schema.py file of your main project. So that you need to take care of. So let's see for writing the queries. So what's the steps are for writing queries. First of all, you need to mention your schema, which is done here products schema right and I am building this by passing the product type and this product type is using Django object type, which means all the fields of the models will be mapped to a GraphQL schema. Right. So after mentioning our schema, like you know to build a resolver function which will resolve your query. So here is my resolver function. And in this I am passing a product name. So, like if you want to pass any variables from your query. Then you can pass like this year I have so like mentioned here and so like it's a string so I need to. So like also mentioned that it's a string. And then this variable is passed to the result. So like this resolver function and then this variable is used into your logic and then the appropriate output is written back to the client, which is required. So these are the concept used for building a particular query. Now writing mutations for mutations basically you need to variables right for a particular object which needs to build an object or which needs to build a class right. So for that I have so it's the same like here I have mentioned add a product schema by Django object type then I have one class name arguments. Now in this arguments class. I need to define all the fields which are required for their particular mutations, along with defining that particular data types, which is your string float and I need to also mention which is required by making record is equal to true. Now all these variables are passed to a muted function. And now inside the muted function, you need to write your business logic or saving the object which I've done here. This is production and I'm building my product model here. And then I'm just returning the product which is saved on the server. But you can even. Yeah, so like basically you can return whatever you want. It's not just only the sale product. You can also return a complete list of products. Or you can also like it on something else. So it's according to the requirements. It's not necessary that you just return the product which is saved. Now, by adding this patch into your URLs.py file. And by hitting this local host slash GraphQL. So this particular endpoint into a web browser, you'll be able to see this graph Iql view screen. Right. So basically here is a space where you can write your GraphQL queries or mutations. And here you'll be getting your server responses. And on the extreme right hand side, this is the API documentation with GraphQL provides. Which means and this documentation also has all the fields which are required for a particular mutation and the response which will which the client will get is mentioned here. So if a developer has developed a mutation, then the front end developers just need to pull the code and just need to run that and they'll be able to see all the mutations and the parameters which are required. As a response which will be so. So like the response which will be given to the client. Now for pagination for pagination, it seems as we are fetching the data from the server that means we need to build a query. So I will a query in a similar way only, but I introduced two variables. One is first and second is jump right and then I'm using the concept of Python slicing. Now what is Python slicing and how it can be used for pagination. Suppose I have 20 objects and I want to get the objects from 11 to 15 right. So I can just make first is equal to five and jump is equal to 10, which means 10 objects will be jump and then the first five objects will be taken right here jump then. So first 10 objects will be jump and then the first five objects will be taken as a response and then that only five objects will be returned to the client as required. So, like this is how the pagination can be incorporated using the same queries. Now for authentication for authentication, you need to add this code snippet into your settings.py file, which includes this graph in schema this and this authentication backends. So like this. So basically, these are the middle words which are required for building the authentication. Now, so, so basically in my previous slides, I have told that you need to map all this, all that queries and mutations into a single schema.py file, which I have shown here that I have built project schema.py file. And in this I have mapped the queries of e-commerce here and the mutations of e-commerce here. So you need to map all this or your queries and mutations into a single file and then you for authentication, you need to add these three lines for the authentication. Now by adding these three lines, you'll be able to see three more mutations. One is token auth, verified token and refresh token and then using these mutations, you can generate the JWT tokens. So let's see how that first of all, I have created a mutation for creating a user and then I have created a user with which username is Nisar, it can password is also Nisar. Now I have one mutation which is token auth, which is obtained by adding this line. Now by hitting this mutation, I'll get a token which is a JWT token and now this token can be saved on the front end side for the further API calls. And also this mutation can be used as a login mutation. So as soon as a user passes the credentials, these credentials can be used to generate the token and the token can be saved on the front end side. Here I have added this code in my queries and mutations. So if I'll not find a token from my API request, then I'll just declare it as the user is not logged in. So now basically if I'm passing a token in the headers, then it will be an HTTP request. So for HTTP request, I'm using Insomniac line and here I have added this token prefixed by a string JWT in my this field in my header. And now I'm just querying the post API on localhost 8000 slash GraphQL. And by hitting this mutation, I'm getting the output or the data from this like so like this data. So means from the server, right? And if I don't include this JWT token, then I'll be getting this error message not logged in. Which means the server won't pass the data to the client without this authorization token. Here are some helpful resources which I have used and these are also resources which could be learned for like which could be used for learning the GraphQL in more detail, right? So you can find all these code snippets in this particular GitHub repo nissar 1499 slash Django dash e-commerce dash GraphQL. We are building a type of so like basically we are preparing a boilerplate of an e-commerce, right? By implementing the GraphQL APIs in Django. So my goal is to provide a complete backend code on which a complete e-commerce website can be built using only a few modifications. So if you want to get updated with this project, then you can watch or start this on the GitHub, right? Also, I'll be happy to discuss few ideas which are implemented, which can be implemented in this project. As an ending note, now I would like to add one point here that there are a few cases where REST is also preferred over GraphQL. Like if you want to implement a caching system, then get a request in RESTful APIs can be cached while caching the GraphQL request. You need to probably build your own mechanism, right? The other complexity sometimes routing multiple endpoints are much easier than applying then just applying the join operations on your GraphQL schema and just building a very long schema as it would take much more time to get a result by the result function, right? So thank you. Now, like I would like to take the questions from the audience. Okay, thank you. We really need a way to show you that there is people listening to you. So thank you very much. We have a question. We have time maybe for one more. So if anyone has more questions, click in the Q&A and ask. So the first one is, what are the cons for Graph SQL? So GraphQL, sorry. So what do you think are the cons on using it? So basically, what I mentioned is that while using GraphQL, the caching system, so basically for caching your APIs, you need to build either your own caching system or in REST APIs, basically the GET requests can be cached very easily instead of GraphQL. Also in GraphQL, there is one optimization problem, which is N plus one problem, which means, suppose, so like basically in Graphin, if you have a lot of data and if a query is executed, then it would take much more time rather than REST. So there are a few cons of GraphQL, but also there are some benefits, which means only single API endpoint and also no over fetching or no under fetching. So like you should take as per your requirements. Okay. So last one, and you have like a less than one minute to answer is, which are your favorite tools for generating Python code? Generating Python code, okay. Yeah, no idea. Yeah. Ah, from, sorry, he's I'm from GraphQL schemas. So to generate Python code from a GraphQL schema. Okay, so like, sorry, I'm not able to get the question that do I need to build a schema from? I think the question is how you create Python code using the GraphQL schema? I think that was a question. Okay, okay. So basically, for creating the Python code using so from the GraphQL schema. So what first of all is done is we need to define that which fields are required in a schema, right? And then just that fields are required to be added in your resolvers or your mutations in which the class argument is defined, right? So from that only your fields in the queries and the mutations will be fetched from the schema. Also for building the schema in Python, or basically, more specifically in Django, there are two ways which I have shown one is like you can explicitly mention the fields and the other is using Django object type. But if you're building schemas in flask and all that, then you need to basically define the complete schema. And also for tracking the schema, there are a few tools such as GraphQL inspector and all that where you can track your complete schema. Okay, so sorry, I going to interrupt you because we are out of time. There is a channel in Discord. So the name of the channel is Stalk GraphQL API in Django. So you can, people can go there, you can continue the discussion in that channel. So thank you very much for your talk. Thank you for presenting in EuroPython. Thank you. Have a nice day. Thank you. Yeah.


Next question. It's a rod of mass m and length l. There is a bullet that comes from here. The bullet of small m comes from this side. It hits this rod, comes out from the other side. Should I simplify this or it is okay? Simplification the bullet doesn't come out. It gets embedded inside. So it's like that. Okay. Bullet becomes a part of the rod. It doesn't come out. Alright. It got embedded inside the bullet. Embedded inside the rod of mass m and length l. Okay. This rod along with the bullet swings by an angle of theta max. It gets shown by an angle theta only. You need to find the velocity of the bullet. So where does it get? This is l by 4. So it's small and insignificant in comparison to capital l. No. It was that good move. No. It will move. It will still move. Velocity could be high. Anyways, do it now. I have just one question. Can I use consumption of energy between this point and that point? Yes. No. This collision, loss of energy will happen. No sir. Once it's collided. Once it collided, after that, this point or that point you can use. But not between this point and that point. Because of collision, some energy will be lost. It is an inelastic collision. Can I use conservation of linear momentum just before and after collision? Yes. I cannot use because there is a force generated at the hinge. So you just find i and n. What I can use? I can use conservation of linear momentum or not? No. No because there is an access force from this. What I can use then? Conservation of angular momentum. Angular momentum I can use about which axis? Fixed axis. About this axis. Reason? There is no torque about that. Just before and after collision. Here I use conservation of angular momentum to find the angular loss just after the collision. And from that point onwards I use conservation of energy. Can I do it? Like you ordered me. What is the initial angular momentum? This axis. What is the angular momentum of the bullet? mv. m into u into 4L by 5 perpendicular distance. Yes or no? This should be equal to i omega. Initial angular momentum should be equal to the final angular momentum. Conservation of angular momentum. What is the moment of inertia of the fixed axis? Capital ML square by 3 plus small m into... How many of you got this equation? I got all of them but the answer is like... Have you got this one? I am asking only that. And anybody else got this equation? I understood how to write this. Moment of inertia of fixed axis into omega is the total angular momentum of the rigid body. Now rigid body has bullet also a part of it. That is why we have to add its moment of inertia. So from here we get omega. And once you get omega forget about the fact that collision has happened. Now it is conservation of mechanical energy. So which you can write like this. W is equal to u2. Can I assume this to be my zero potential energy? Potential energy initially. See initial critical energy is what? i into omega square where i is this. u1 is what? You can write down the potential energy of the bullet and the rod separately. So you can say for the rod it is minus of mg l by 2 plus for the bullet minus of mg into 4l by 5. Understood? And k2 is what? k2 is zero. U2 I have to write now. U2 is the final potential energy. For the capital it will be this distance. Which will be what? l by 2 cos theta. So m into g into by 2 cos theta plus minus, minus potential is negative. mg into 4l by 5. Please understand how to solve this rather than just noting down. Is it clear? So guess what? The chapter is over. And now I can give you the mixed question. Multiple concepts together.  So like that there can be many different things. And these small small things are your own learning when you solve problems. Do not rely only on the theory which is taught in a class. I spent around a month teaching this chapter still. There are a lot of small small little things which you will understand when you solve problems. And it's not that we are not solving problems. We are solving problems. But in the size of a chapter is as big as combining entire kinematics 1D, 2D, laws of motion and walk-by energy. All these four chapters together, the size of that is the size of this single chapter. So we can't do each and every variety of the problem in the class. Even if we spend one month like what we have done. But then it is up to you to practice that. All right. Let's start. We'll start with the simple ones and then go to the complicated ones rather than directly jump into it. All right. So now we can take up questions from whichever topic we like. And you can also start attempting questions anywhere from the chapter. All right. All right. So let's take this question first.  Start asking. Mass m coming with velocity u hits the rod at a distance l by 4 away from the center. When it hits the rod, after it hits the rod, it comes back with the same velocity u by 2. You need to find out after it comes back with u by 2. Straight back. You need to find vcm and omega. vcm the rod and omega. Use conservation of linear momentum. Again, use the frictionless surface or internal surface or internal external forces. 0. Initial momentum is m into u. This should be equal to final momentum minus m into u by 2 plus capital M into vcm. So vcm will come out to be equal to how much? vm u by 2 by m. This is your vcm. Straight forward, conservation of linear momentum. Sometimes, whenever we learn something new, we forget that we can apply whatever we have learned earlier. So this we haven't learned in this chapter. This we already know. Conservation of linear momentum. Now, can I use conservation of angular momentum? About which axis? About center of mass. About any axis I can use. But center of mass would be the easiest one to apply because about center of mass, angular momentum is Icm omega. I can literally use about any axis. About any axis torque is 0. So what will be the initial angular momentum of the system? m into u into l by 4. Yes or no? This will be equal to what? Minus of m into u by 2. Now, angular momentum has changed for the particle after collision. Then what plus Icm which is m l square by into omega. How much omega will come from here? 9 m u by 2 m l. How did you get 9?  No, so 2 capital m l. 2 capital m l. How many of you got VCM? Omega, they are not getting it? I didn't even get u by 2 backwards. Yeah, u by 2 backwards. In HCR momentum, it comes to rest. Okay? Find out the point which will be at rest immediately after collision. Point which will be at rest immediately after collision. Similar to what we have done sometime back. It's here. How the rod will rotate after collision? It's l by 3. Rod will rotate like this and it will move forward like that. So, it has to be above only. Below what will happen? Omega into l is also this way and v is also this way. So, is it l by 3 above? l by 3 above. Yes, sir. Let's see. Omega into d this way at the velocity and this way it will be VCM. So, total velocity will be VCM minus omega d. So, d will be VCM by omega. Yes, sir. VCM plus and omega is this. So, it will come out to be l by 3. So, at a distance l by 3 from the center above, that point will be at rest immediately after collision. Okay? Any doubts? Is there always a point at rest? It's not necessary. So, how do we know there will be one here? Because we have found out l by 3. If suppose d comes out to be more than l by 2, then that is not on the rod. If you try the same thing below the rod on the bottom side, you get a minus thing right from the center. Below is physically not possible. Both omega into d is also the same way as v. Obviously, we get a distance as minus which means etc. Mathematically, you will get minus. But people say that minus of 1 in terms of distance has no physical. It's an imaginary number itself, minus 1. It doesn't have a physical significance.


should forward. Oh, there's Doug. He done pursuant to chapter 20 of the access to 2021 and extended again by chapter two of the acts of 2023. This meeting will be conducted by remote means members of the public who wish to access the meeting and do so in the following matter by emailing Steve McCarthy at McCarthy s at Amherst MA dot gov. That's m c c a r t h y s at Amherst MA No in person attendance of members of the public will be permitted, but every effort will be made to ensure the public can adequately access proceedings in real time by a technological means. In the event that we are unable to do so for reasons of economic hardship and despite best efforts, we will post on the Amherst website in audio or visual recording, transcript or other comprehensive record of proceedings as soon as possible after the meeting. And with that done, we'll call the meeting to order at 5 34 p m and take a roll call of attendance. Hallie here, Gaston here, Doug here. Oh, you're muted, Doug, but we're here. Okay, one minute. Does that count as here? Yeah, yeah. And then and I can I'm here. So that's for present one absent, but we do expect Dylan. Okay, so next up is public comment. This is general public comment unrelated to anything on the agenda. So if you have that kind of comment, please raise your hand by pressing the right hand, raising button at the bottom of the screen. And I don't know. Do we have anyone here? Any hands up? Among attendees? No. Okay. All right, great. So moving on, we go to licenses application by farmer winery to sell at farmers market. Laurie Perkins doing business at home fruit as home fruit wine. And is Laurie Perkins here? Oh, yes. Steve, could you is I've just invited her to great be able to speak. Okay. Hi, Laurie. Hello. Can you hear me now? Yes, I can hear you. Thank you. Thanks for coming. Welcome. And so this is something. Yeah, of course, this is something you've done in the past several times, right? Right. Okay. And so this is just a continuation of what you have done in years past. Has anything changed this year? No, I don't think so. We've done the same thing every year. Either David or I will go to the market. We've both listed as salesmen on there. Right. So he usually goes, but if there's Saturdays, he can't, I go. Okay. So other than that, nothing's changed for on our end. All right. Great. Does anyone have questions about this? No. If not, is there a motion to approve the application by the home fruit wine, farmer winery license at the MS primers market? So moved. Thank you. Is there a second? Second. Thank you, Gaston. If further discussion, if there's not, we'll take a vote. Halle. Hi. Gaston. Hi. Doug. Great. Doug says I. And I say I that is four to zero with one absent and the license is approved. Thank you so much, Laurie, and best of luck for the season. Thank you. I have one question. Yes. I should have asked it before you voted, but it doesn't really matter, I guess. They're working on trying to get a winter market in Amherst. And if that happens, would we need to get a license for each one if it's in a different location? I believe so, but that's a Steve. Is that correct? There'd be need to be a different license. Because in the winter, they wouldn't have it on the common, you know, right? That's a great question, Laurie. I'll have to do a little bit of research for that. We've actually, in my time here, not had any farmers markets, but that on the common. So if you can just shoot an email, I'd be happy to look into that and get back to you. Okay. I know David was looking into it and I don't know if they secured a location yet for a winter one, but I know they wanted to try to keep it in Amherst. Okay. Yeah, that would be great. That'd be new to us, so I'd be happy to look into that for you. Okay. Thank you so much. Thank you. All right. Thanks. Okay. Hope to see you at the market. Yes, definitely. All right. Bye-bye. Bye. Thank you. Okay. So next up is the Common Victual License Renewal Application Oyster Bar LLC. And Steve, is there anything on this? No, just another renewal. Okay. When are they opening? I actually went to protocol with a friend last night and we were talking to the bartender and he thinks end of May. I guess there's some pieces of furniture that are not ready, but they're starting to staff and menu plan and look at vendors. So. Okay. All right. Well, that's good. That's good news. Great. So are there any questions about, did you submit the renewal to us, Steve? We didn't get that in the packet, right? No, I generally weren't so as in sending the renewals. Okay. If there was no changes, there was no changes with this one from last year. Okay. Great. Well, if there are no questions, is there a motion to approve the Common Victual License Renewal for the Oyster Bar? So moved. Thank you. Is there a second? Second. Thank you, Gaston. Um, if there is no further discussion or any questions, we'll take a vote. Hallie? Aye. Gaston? Aye. Doug? Doug votes aye. And thumbs up and I vote aye. That is four to zero with one absent and that has been renewed. The Amherst Oyster Bar LLC opening in May, hopefully. Okay. Great. All right. Next up is Special Short Term License Applications SST-24-17 Levben Ezra Amherst Survival Center, Wynand and Malt, April 6th, 2024, 12 to 4 in the afternoon at 138 Sunderland Road. Is there somebody here for that, Steve? There is. We have Sam here. I've invited him to talk. Fantastic. Hi, folks. Hi, Sam. Hi. Welcome. So could you please let us know a little bit about your event? Yeah, absolutely. So this is our 16th annual Empty Bulls fundraiser. It's our seasonal spring fundraiser for the Amherst Survival Center. The root or fourth year that it's been held on site at the center itself and second year that we're proposing a short term win and all license. So it's called before on that Saturday. We expect around 300 to 400 attendees in the course of the day. Food and adding wine to add some dimension to the event. Okay. Great. Thank you. And did everyone have a chance to look at the application? And if so, are there any questions about the application? No questions from me. I guess one question out of curiosity. I'm just given that nonprofits can get the full liquor license. I'm just curious if that's something that you consider. I take it it's a lot more complicated and maybe not even what is kind of fitting for the event. Just a curiosity question. Yeah. I think wine and malt is easiest for us and it's sort of a new aspect to the event. So last year it was moderately successful and we're curious to see where it goes again after the second year. But being a daytime event, it's slightly less of an appetite. So it's nice to have the wine, but we don't feel the need to see your full license. Fair enough. Thank you so much. Thank you. Any other questions about this? If not, is there a motion to approve the short term? Hold on. SST- is it 24-17? Yes. Amherst Survival Center. So moved. Thank you. Is there a second? Second. Thank you. If there are no other questions, we'll take a vote. Hallie? Aye. Gaston? Aye. Doug? Thumbs up from Doug. Dylan? I wasn't here so I will abstain. Okay, abstain and I will vote aye. So that is four in favor, one abstention, zero against and the license is approved. Thank you so much for coming in and best of luck with the event. Thank you folks. Okay. All right, number next one is SST-24-19, Michelle Cahan, Hitchcock Center for the Environment, All Alcohol, June 20, 2024, 6 to 9 p.m., 10 East Drive, Amherst College, Powerhouse. And is somebody here for that? Yes, I invited Mr. Spitzer to speak. Okay. Hello, Mr. Spitzer. Um, not Mr. Spitzer. Hold on. I can't. Oh, I'm sorry. That's funny. Yes, this is, here's my video. Okay. Hi. Hello. Hi. I'm Casey Beebe, Committee Programs and Special Events Manager at the Hitchcock Center. Oh, great. Oh, welcome. So could you tell us a little bit about your event, please? Yeah. So the Battle of the Botanicals is an event we held from 2016 to 2019 at the Powerhouse at Amherst College. And it's a fundraiser, a restaurant and so we have seven restaurants participating. So they all come and create a cocktail and a little bite around a botanical feature. It's a ticketed event. We, the liquor provider, the spirit sponsor this year, is Berkshire Mountain Distillery and Berkshire Brewing Company.  And, yeah, so I can't say a lot more about what questions are relevant to this. So this is, so you said you did this for three years and then interrupted by the pandemic, obviously. Right. Exactly. Four years. Okay. And then interrupted. And so this is the first year back at doing it again. Right. Okay. Great. And you send around a map, a little map went around. Where is the Powerhouse? Where is this? Is that? The Powerhouse is on Amherst College. It's down by the train tracks. Oh, right. I guess it used to be a powerhouse, the powerhouse, but they've turned it into a venue. It's a very cool venue. So it's very, so it has a, you enter on the second floor and then it's sort of down, you go downstairs and it's all one floor and then it opens out into sort of a closed patio. Okay. And so you'd be using that whole space, but it's very, very contained. Even the patio has sort of a berm. So it's very sort of distinct. Okay. All right. Thank you. Are there any questions about this license? Or not? If there are no questions, comments? Okay. Is there a motion to approve? SST-24-19. So moved. So moved. All right. Who was that? Second? Who seconded? Was that Doug? Doug did. Oh, okay. Great. Any further questions? If not, we'll take a vote. Halle? I. I. I. Gaston? I. Doug. I. Dylan? I. And I vote I. That is five to zero. The license is approved. Thank you so much for coming in. And thank you. Good luck with your event. Thank you. Thanks. Bye-bye. Bye. Okay. Licenses section D. Seasonal liquor license renewal applications. Town of Amherst doing business as Cherry Hill Golf Course. And that's just their standard seasonal renewal. And I'm sorry. Who was the official mover and second or for the last application? I think I think Doug was the mover and no, Dylan was the mover and Doug was the second. Okay. Is that correct? Okay. Yes. This is just the standard seasonal license renewal for Cherry Hill Golf Course. They are a seasonal license. So that happens in March instead of in December. Right. Okay. Um, are there any questions about Cherry Hill seasonal liquor license? If not, is there a motion to approve? Who wants the who wants to be the mover? I'll make it beyond Steve. If I got the first one, I'll let Steve copy and paste. Okay. And I'll second. And Doug made the second. All right. If there are no questions, we'll take a vote. Hallie. Hi. Gaston. Hi. Doug. Hi. Dylan. Hi. And I vote aye. That is five to zero. The license is renewed. Okay. Moving on. Discussion topics. Marijuana regulation. Steve, has there been an update? Um, we are still working on things on the staff side. I do have a call with the building commissioner and our KP law attorneys tomorrow morning to clarify a few questions, but we will we have already reviewed the zoning bylaw and identified some changes we'll have to make. This is all in reference to the CCC changes that we will have to come into compliance to it. And a part of that I believe we'll be moving forward with the licensing. And we are we are still moving forward with all of that. In terms of the normal licensing and regulation, in terms of the hemp derived products, I do not have any particular updates. I do have a draft of the letter to the off premises licensees we can review and Marion did send me along a draft of the letter to the legislators. So, um, if the board would like to review those or has any questions or anything else, um, do you want to send them around so that yeah, would people prefer me to email them to everybody right now or to share them on my screen? What do you think? Okay. Looking on the screen. Okay. Let me pull up the off premises one first. Question the package store. So who are the targets for the various letters just to know what the how we're calling the establishments. So I believe at this point, this letter would be for off premises licensees. Um, I think our consensus last time was that we don't even want to imply to on premises licensee that I want to be okay. Right. I was just thinking through the head in my head. Where, where are we aware of this? And I guess the only place I'm aware of personally is provisions, but we heard about some corner store or something, but we don't have a license with them, right? Yeah, there is a tobacco shop that has it that we do not, we did not license. Okay. Yep. That looks fine to me. Yeah, it looks good. Yeah. I guess the only question is if we want them to report to us besides just giving them this morning, do we want them to tell us if they're selling this stuff? I mean, we could ask, but that doesn't mean they'll do it, right? Were we going to have a in-person meeting in a month that we could say you're welcome to attend if you have any questions or concerns? Yeah. Yeah. But if we pick one meeting so that everybody who gets it can come at the same time, that would probably be the most efficient. Yeah, I can certainly say that if you have any questions or concerns, you can come along to our next meeting and I think we will determine what day that is later in this discussion topics, but I think that's a good idea. Okay. Great. Any other questions about this? No? Okay. Thank you, Steve. That looks good. Thank you. And I will share the other one. I like the title on this one, Delta 89. It sounds like an old's mobile. I didn't want the name to be too long. Who does this one go to? This is going to the legislators, Mindy Dom, Joe Comerford, and what's his name? McCarthy, something? Jim McGovern. Sorry. Not Steve McGovern. Jim McGovern. Okay. It's good to me. Look okay. You maybe include our state senators too, Elizabeth Warren and linking on the other guy's name right now. Ed Markey. Okay. Yeah, we could include all of those, like send one copy to each person. Okay. Well, great. All right. Good. All right. Well, thank you. Super. Well, that's done. Let's see. wage law violations. So Steve, you said you tried to call Paul Tupa. Yes, I have reached out to him. I have not heard back yet, so I will continue to reach out to him. And I believe the consensus we reached last time was to invite him to a invite him to discuss what had gone on with the board in a way that it was non disciplinary at this point. Yes. Yes. Yes. So I will see if he is able to come to our next meeting. Right. Okay. I mean, just like a friendly conversation really, I think, if they're willing would be great. Okay. Good. And then following up on that is the liquor license application supplement, which is that bit we're going to attach. Yes. So I do not have a full draft ready yet, but what I envisioned that to be would be just a document clarifying some that would be, you know, given to applicants to clarify some some questions that we may have, clarify some answers that we may have questions for, such as ours is one thing that is bafflingly not included in the state applications, also how on-premises licensees intend to comply with the alcohol food service regulations. Right. And then they were going to just disclose any wage law, pending wage law violations or have they received a citation recently. Yes. I don't know if we want to say like not in like in the past, like is it ever they've ever received one or just like say in the past five years or do we want to put a I guess I'll pull whatever is in the I believe there was some language to that effect in the waging and tip theft by-law. So I'll see if I can try to put that in parallel with that. Okay. Because we're really trying to get them to comply with that because that does require them to disclose those things, but we don't ask anywhere. So. Okay. All right. Great. Okay. Thank you. Let's see. Okay. Next up, meeting times. So some, Doug, are you having a conflict with meeting times Thursdays at 5.30? Thursdays at 5.30 is generally fine for me. I mean, as far as you know, I mean, stuff comes up and time will get filled if not with this. So, right, you know, it's really okay. Okay. Because I thought there was another meeting scheduled around the same time that someone was having an issue with and we were going to discuss whether or not we should shift this meeting to another day or another date and time. But no, everyone seems to have a has no conflict. For me, it's fine. It's for you. It's fine. I don't know anything. Okay. Great. Guest on your muted. Which day are we talking about? We're sticking with Thursdays at 5.30. Yep. So is that working for you too? Yeah. Just looking at which actual date is our next meeting. Oh, I think it's let's see. It would be the third. No, sorry. It would be the 11th of April in person. Okay. And then we do the 25th on Zoom. All right. Okay. Just, I mean, I don't expect it's an issue, but I have a 7pm Zoom affordable housing trust on the 11th. Okay. So you've got to leave and then get back home. Yeah, I mean, yeah. So I guess I'd be, I'd have to go by like quarter to seven. Okay. All right. I don't think that's a remote one anyway, or is that the 11th is our in person. Right. Yeah. So the 25th would be out. I thought we were talking about the 25th. Sorry. No. Okay. All right. Great. Well, that was easy. If everyone's okay with Thursday at 5.30. Super. So let's move on to upcoming meetings and agendas. So on the 11th in person, we hope to have with Paul Tupa or and with business partner or not in person for a friendly conversation. And then hopefully my update on marijuana regulation. What else? Oh, maybe a draft of the liquor license application supplement. And maybe something else on Delta 8 and Delta 9. Anything else? Was there anything else? I do know that Mexico Lido has departed their Kellogg Ave location right behind the Unitarian Church there. They will be, they have bought Cisco's Cafe in the North Amherst and they will be taking that over as Mexico Lido. So they will be doing a transfer application to transfer their license to their new entity, but they have not submitted a full application yet. So Okay. Great. And then beyond the 11th. But okay. And did just following up on that. Did Garcia's ever submit a change of manager application? They did. They did submit a partial one. Yeah. A partial one. Okay. All right. The Mexicalito was there and talked about this. And at that time, it was a couple of months ago, they expressed the intention of having a brick oven pizzeria in that location. Right. Did you hear anything about that, Steve? I believe they have, I have heard, yeah, they have definitely vacated that premises permanently. Got it. Okay. And then, oh, and then maybe, I don't know if it's important, but the West Street Cafe, we talked about that a little bit on the phone. Yes. I don't know. I don't know of any, really what their status is. Okay. All right. So it just, they had a common victual's license approved two years ago and never opened. So it's sort of mysterious. Okay. Is there anything else that we were going to put on? Hopefully we'll have the letters out. I will seek to send those out tomorrow. Okay. Super. Great. And anything else for upcoming meetings and agendas? Nope. Okay. Topics not reasonably anticipated 48 hours prior to the meeting. Any topics from anyone? No? Great. Well, I guess, is there a motion to adjourn? So, oh my God. As a ready to leave. I know. Who is doing that? Dylan made the motion. We'll keep it easy. Copy and paste. Doug made the second. And we'll take a vote. Halle. Hi. Gaston. Hi. Doug. Hi. Oh, and Dylan. Hi. Oh, okay. And I say aye. So that's five to zero. We're adjourned at six to one PM. Bye, everybody. Thank you. See you on the 11th in person and have a good weekend. Thank you. All right. Bye. Thanks, Steve.


So we have this equation that we've called the fundamental equation for the internal energy. du is equal to Tds minus pdv. The fact that the change in the internal energy is represented as something times the change in the entropy and something else added to something else times the change in the volume, that suggests that it might be natural to think of the energy varying as a function of the entropy and the volume. If these two change, then that tells us how the energy will change. And given that that's true, once I have a function u written as a function of s and v, then just like any function, I could write the differential change in u. How does that relate to the change in s and change in v, even if I didn't know the fundamental equation? That's going to be change in u is going to come from some change in s and then the energy will change at some rate as I change the entropy. du ds at constant v times ds. And it will also have some contribution from when I change the volume. The energy will change as I change the volume at constant s.  Either one of those will affect the entropy, I'm sorry, the energy add those two together and you get the total change, the total differential for the internal energy. Comparing this expression that I just wrote down and the fundamental equation, we've got du is equal to something times ds and something times dv, same thing here, du is equal to something times ds and something times dv.  And it tells us that du ds at constant v must be equal to t. This term is equal to this term and du dv at constant s is equal to negative pressure. So those are two new results that we've obtained using the fundamental equation. The energy, as I change the volume of the system, if I do that adiabatically, isentropically, if I change the volume of the system without changing the entropy, its energy will change at a rate that is negative the pressure. Likewise, if I change the entropy at constant volume, the energy will change proportional to the temperature. This expression is actually not completely new. We've seen that the change in entropy as I change the energy at constant volume, that's one over t. So we've previously seen that result, that's just the reciprocal of this result. If I take du ds and turn it upside down, I get ds du. And so instead of t, I have one over t. So that result's not new, but this result is new. That's one thing the fundamental equation is useful for, is telling us how this property of the energy changes as I change the s, or as I change the volume. However, just because I have energy written as a function of s and v doesn't mean I couldn't also think of energy as a function of other variables, it might be more convenient to think of how the energy changes as I change the temperature as I change the pressure. Temperature and pressure are much more accessible, more convenient variables to use experimentally. I can change the temperature of the system relatively easily. I can change the pressure exerted on a system relatively easily. Pressure is a little more convenient than changing the volume directly. But we can certainly affect the volume of the system directly. Changing the entropy of the system, thinking of the entropy as an independent variable is a little bit difficult. If I were to say go into lab and make sure the entropy of your beaker is 500 joules per Kelvin, I don't think any of us would have any idea how to do that directly. There's no entropy meter we can use to see whether the entropy of the system is what we want it to be or not. So temperature and pressure are maybe much more convenient variables to think about experimentally. So let's think about how the energy changes as a function of T and P rather than these less convenient variables S and V. So I can use the same trick. I can say the total differential of U is equal to some amount due to the change in temperature. That's DUDT while holding pressure constant. And some amount due to the change in pressure, that would be DUDP while holding temperature constant. So that expression is fine. I can write U as a function of any variables I want. I can write the differential in terms of those variables. The question then becomes what's the equivalent of the fundamental theorem? And that I'll just give you a preview. We're not able to derive this expression just yet. We'll be able to do that quite shortly actually. But if I were to write down an expression like this one for how much the energy changes in response to a change in temperature and pressure, that's a much less convenient equation. So let me look it up and make sure I get the coefficients correct. It ends up looking quite a bit more complicated. So there is an expression. Energy will change as some amount times the change in temperature plus some different amount times the change in pressure. Notice that to write this down, I've had to use some variables that we're not familiar with just yet. As a preview, this quantity alpha is something called the thermal expansion coefficient. That's the same as this alpha here. The kappa here is an isothermal compressibility coefficient. So those we haven't considered yet. We haven't defined those yet, so you shouldn't know what those are. But those are just properties of some material that we can either calculate or we can look up, as we'll see shortly. The main thing to notice for now is this collection of things in front of the DT is fairly complicated. Heat capacity, pressure, volume, thermal expansion coefficient. The coefficient in front of DP is also complicated in volume. Volumes and pressures and temperatures and these two coefficients that we haven't talked about. So we can define how the energy changes as a function of the change in the temperature and the change in pressure. But it's an uglier expression.  So what that tells us is for some reason, the energy is more naturally more cleanly expressed as a function of S and V than it is as a function of T and P. So in that sense, this is the more natural way to think about the internal energy as a function of S and V, because the fundamental equation is much simpler than this alternate version of the equation. So what we say is that S and V are the natural variables of the internal energy, because when we write the energy or the differential change in the energy as a function of S and V, then the equations come out nice and simple and straightforward. If we try to write them in other terms and other variables like T and P or T and V or S and P, any other combination of these variables, then the equations will come out less convenient, less clean looking. So we'll see as we go on why it is that S and V happen to be the natural variables of the internal energy. But for now, we'll just point out that when we're thinking about internal energy, S and V are the natural variables. If we want to deal with temperature and pressure, what that means is it's easier not to deal with the internal energy but with some other properties as well. So that's where we're heading next is to be able to define properties whose natural variables might be T and P or T and V or some other quantities.


Alva Wheatley retired from Kaiser Permanente in 1995 after 31 years of distinguished management and executive service. Alva held numerous management positions in her more than three decades tenure with Kaiser Permanente, starting with assistant reception supervisor and ascending to the regional, then national, vice president roles. Alva's ascension through the management ranks is even more remarkable considering her relatively modest beginnings and the scarcity of women role models in senior or executive healthcare management and even fewer people of color, men or women. Born in Houston, Texas, Alva was the fifth of nine children born to Arthur and Ruby Olivier. At six months of age, her family moved to Slote, California because Arthur and Ruby did not want to raise their children in the civil rights environment that characterized Texas and the South in 1940. Ruby worked as a mother and a housewife and Arthur worked in the sawmill. The values of hard work and family were embedded in the children's psyche early on by their parents and extended family, particularly their aunt, Zena, who migrated to California first and opened a bed in breakfast. The rest of the family soon followed. The family was very insular, Slote was a small town and consequently there were few influences outside of the family. As a result, the siblings were very close and enjoyed each other's company, a characteristic that persists to this day as evidenced by the 200 family members present in the audience. After a few years in Slote, the family would move again in search of a better life for the children, this time in 1945 to the projects in Richmond, California. Both Arthur and Ruby worked as welders in the Richmond shipyards. That's right, Alba's mother was a Rosie the Riveter. Naturally, their health insurance was through Kaiser Permanente. Little did they know at the time that some 40 years later their little girl would be responsible for building hospitals for the very company from which they were receiving health care. In fact, five hospitals and 10 medical offices during her tenure, a groundbreaking development in the health care industry at the time. Despite a devout Catholic, Alba attended Catholic schools throughout her elementary and high school education. It was an elementary school that her leadership skills began to emerge as she was asked by the nuns to serve as vice president of the student council, a role she relished. The nuns were also a major influence in her life, stressing discipline, hard work and the necessity as one of two black children in the entire school to do better than others in class. It was here that she was first introduced to differences based on race. One nun in particular, Sister Josepha, would continue to guide and encourage Alba throughout her high school years, urging her to run for school office and reminding her of the need to excel. Upon graduation from high school in three years and leader of the student council, Alba would attend Lone Mountain and City College, but would have to leave after a year because her family could not afford the financial expense of college education. Fortuitous perhaps because it precipitated her entry into Kaiser Permanente. Alba followed in the footsteps of one of her sisters, Carrie, in joining Kaiser Permanente. In fact, all of the Olivier sisters would work at Kaiser Permanente at some point in their careers for a combined service total of 111 years. Their efforts in the mid-80s to change the name of the organization to the Olivier Health Plan Inc. failed. In 1962, Alba married Paul Wheatley, the love of her life since high school and her staunchest supporter and business partner, helping her to strategically chart her career path in Kaiser Permanente. In the interim, they also raised a family consisting of two daughters, Athena and Amara, and now five grandchildren. Alba forged a number of firsts in her rise through the management ranks. She was the first woman assistant hospital administrator, the first woman of color hospital administrator, the first woman vice president for facilities construction not only in Kaiser Permanente but in the industry, the first executive of color on the Northern California regional leadership team, and the first woman and person of color national vice president. She also led the ever important program wide transition and early work of diversity as a business strategy, laying the foundation for the diversity effort we know today. She is also co-founder of the Kaiser African American Professionals Association. During the course of her remarkable career, many of the early values learned in the family were applied in the workplace. Alba is credited with mentoring more than 500 employees during the course of her career, many of whom came back to say thanks at the time of her retirement. You might know some of those she mentored, Ellen Chan Rosenberg, the first Asian American medical group administrator, Katie Rickcliffe, medical group administrator, Michael Bush, now CEO of the Matt Marr Group, Kip Edwards, former vice president of purchasing, Deborah Gould, assistant physician in chief, and Bernard Tyson, executive vice president of health plan and hospital operations. In semi-retirement, Alba relaxes and serves as chairman and CEO of ECLAT construction. Alba has written the chapter in the Kaiser Permanente story in dramatic fashion and the organization is the better for her leadership.


Prime Minister and Youth Development Ministry meet with the NYC. Development in the South continues with the Swozel Housing Project. St. Lucia Sprinter Julian Alfred checks out the new sporting facilities and the Prime Minister commends WASCO for improving the water supply. Let's take a look back at the week that was in the Prime Minister's weekly diary. Prime Minister Hon. Alan Shastney and the team from the Ministry of Youth Development and Sports met with the National Youth Council Executive this week to discuss the national youth policy and the various government programs, initiatives and projects which benefit the nation's young people. The meeting follows a letter written by the NYC to the Prime Minister concerning the status of the youth policy in its current form. The discussions were very fruitful with the NYC and the government agreeing on the way forward. Moving forward the National Youth Council is going to be working very closely with the Ministry of Youth Development and Sports, of course with the advice and the consult of the young people of St. Lucia to ensure that that program actually is implemented in a way that it speaks to something that benefits as many young people as possible. By September 1st that work program would have been identified and then we've always been interested in having a youth summit. The purpose of the youth summit is for the Ministry and the National Youth Council on all the other youth organizations to review their work programs and then to submit those work programs and make presentations in front of all of the government ministries, all of the statutory bodies and more importantly also international organizations so that basically we're all working on a coordinated platform. And so there are some recommendations that we've certainly made but those need to be digested by the National Youth Council and then hopefully now we have a very clear working program moving forward. Later in the week the Prime Minister joined in West St Lucia in Swazel for their newest land development project, the La Fag Development. The La Fag Development offers both residential and commercial use lots and runs along approximately 28.4 acres of flat land and comprises 114 lots ranging in size from 4,193 to 26,000 square feet. Prime Minister Shashne congratulated Invest St Lucia and Investment Minister as well as Swazel Saltibus MP, Hon. Bradley Felix for their commitment and dedication to ensuring that the land development project was launched despite the setbacks of COVID-19. Prime Minister Shashne spoke empathetically about the development of not just Swazel but the West Coast and of the government's commitment to the South. St Lucia's superstar sprinter Julian Alfred got a chance before she headed back to the United States where she attends the University of Texas to view the ongoing rehabilitation works at the Sufrem Mini Stadium. The stadium is being upgraded to an international FIFA approved football field with a 400 meter track which will ensure St Lucia secures international football and athletics competitions. The planned upgrades include the installation of special turf to meet international match competition requirements, pitch lighting, a scoreboard system, press and broadcast positions, grandstands, dressing rooms, a media center and a ticket booth among others. The government is also working on the Derrisso football field and the Miku playing field and the Denry Village Cricket and Football Fields. Alfred, who this year won three All-American awards for the 2019-2020 NCAA Athletics season, was elated to tour the facility with Prime Minister Shashne and said she looks forward to running the track competition at home. It is always almost a brand new that Wasko Kodluwa La Plica Tobbe and Diffie was. Well, today is the time. It's a new beginning, a new era for the South and we are indeed Wasko Southern Services and the rest of Wasko are indeed grateful to be part of this new development. Later on Thursday afternoon, Prime Minister Shashne headed to Viewfort to mark the start of phase one of the Viewfort Water Supply Redevelopment Project on the grounds of the Water Treatment Plant in Boseju. Several commercial and institutional enterprises together with an estimated population of 20,000 persons benefit from this water supply. The Prime Minister explained that the project is intended to greatly improve the supply of water and support the ongoing development of the South. Some of the components of phase one include the rehabilitation of the existing upper intake and the building of a new water intake at Grace, construction of a new water treatment plant to treat 2.4 million gallons of water a day and the construction of a new control building and a new generator transform a building at Boseju. On Friday, the Prime Minister joined the leading post-cable news media entertainment company in the US Cheddar to discuss testing protocols for the Caribbean and the outlook for the tourism industry. Prime Minister Shashne has been an advocate for increased testing and in particular the implementation of rapid pre-boarding airport testing for passengers. The Prime Minister's week ended with a Friday full of taking stock as the performance management delivery unit PMDU held a full day review exercise covering key initiatives under the six key results areas namely health, crime, education, infrastructure, tourism and agriculture. The stock take sessions helped the government assess the initiatives under the medium-term development strategy 2019-2022 and to agree on clear actions going forward. The Prime Minister was joined at the sessions by key stakeholders from the relevant ministries and members of PMDU. Now you're up to date on the Prime Minister's schedule. Join us every week for a review of the Prime Minister's weekly diary. Reporting for the Office of the Prime Minister, I am Nicole McDonald.


And one day in 2008, I come up to our very small gym and Coach K is standing there. He made me feel like I was the most important person in that gym. I wasn't. My parents taught me that when someone does something nice for you, goes out of their way to do something nice for you, you hand write them a thank you note. So I went home that night and I hand wrote them a thank you note and I get a letter back. Dear Alan, thank you for your note. I enjoyed our conversation at Montrose. You've done a terrific job there and obviously you've built a national reputation. I'm so happy for you. Take care. Coach K, if Coach K, the face of college basketball and one of the busiest men in sport can make the time to send me a note, then you better believe I can make the time to return your phone call or to return your email. This little thing has had a profound impact on my life because this little thing is the reason I personally aim to have an attitude of gratitude with everything that I do.