Hello, Michael Marx. Hello, Darren. Good afternoon. This is Reagan. Newsweek shares your concern about drug use and the threat that it presents to our future. Our editors have made a major commitment to the readers of Newsweek to provide detailed reports on this crisis. And in cooperation with McDonald's, we have prepared a special report to help inform high school students, their families, and teachers. Beginning next week, Newsweek on the Drug Crisis will be distributed to the more than 3,000 high schools participating in our school education program. And it's my pleasure presenting the first issue. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. This is Reagan on behalf of the employees at McDonald's in Newsweek and all the folks that eat at McDonald's. We'd like to thank you personally for having the courage to step out front and helping forward this partnership between the private sector and the citizens to solve this problem and attack so viciously the great resource in our young people. So on behalf of McDonald's, Newsweek would like to give you this and say thank you for showing you what. Thank you. Oh my. Thank you very much. Thank you. I, that man looks familiar. Yeah. Good luck. Thank you very much. Thank you. I'm very grateful to you. And I'm sure that there are lots of young people and parents and lots of us. Very grateful to you. I just think it shows what the private sector can do if they want to. And we certainly all have a responsibility to solve the problem. Yes. Yes. And we're dealing with young people and the next generation and we don't do something. But we are doing something. We are indeed. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very, very much. Thank you. Wow. Yeah. Pardon me? Here is me. Here is them. There are a lot of people to say that the cutbacks in the drug budget and the drug budget are signed and produced in the drug budget. Doesn't that concern you? No, I think there's a misunderstanding about that. I don't think there have been cutbacks in the drug program. I think there were initial, last year there were, there was a lot of money given to the drug program to put in planes and so on. But you don't do that, it's a year. Planes fly longer than a year. So I think that's a little misunderstood. However, I don't think that that has anything to do with people trying to get to young people and trying to talk them out of going on to drugs, educating people, getting them aware. I don't think that's anything to do with it. Say that it were true, which it isn't, but I don't think it's anything to do with it. Well, you're saying that that's not a federal rule to facilitate this. I don't think it's destroying money into something. It's going to solve a problem. I never have thought so. I think that AA has done a marvelous job without any federal money. I believe, as I've always believed, that education and awareness is where you're answered, it's going to be alive. Now that may take a long time, but that's ultimately where it's going to come down in my opinion. I'm sorry, how's your husband feeling these days? We haven't seen him. I was waiting for somebody to answer that. He feels fine. And he's coming along fine. And as all of you said on television many times, I saw you all, it's a five to six week period where you take things slowly and he is, and he's coming along just fine. Do you have a rhenium in at all? Is he a little bit too anxious to head back to the school? Oh sure, of course. Yeah. I told him, he really is getting a bargain because he's getting the daughter of a doctor and ex-nurse's aide and a real nurse. He's really saving a lot of money. You want to talk about a rhenium? We haven't seen the president in so long. Oh no, well, I won't, but that shouldn't surprise you. I don't know why that happens. We just have a lot of questions. Yeah, I'm sure you do. What's the answer, is he? Is he getting some of the answers with all the meetings he's having? We know it's not the schedule or a lot of meetings, but his advisor, Mr. Hampshire, his Wallace and the others. Is he now getting some of the answers you said last month he wasn't getting? I don't think he can get the answers until all the committee reports are in. And he believes that the best way and the most responsible way is to wait for those committees to put forward their reports and then say what he has to say. And he has, other than what he has said already, that he knew nothing about any diversion of funds, he knew nothing about any Swiss bank accounts, anything of the kind. But other than that, the most responsible way is to let these reports come forward. This is right in the congressional report, Henry Allen, in August or September, he's saying the president is going to state his version of events and answer the questions that we have for him until those come out in the fall. Where did you get that, Chris? It's not gonna be until August. You know something I don't know. Well, that's the date that the Senate Committee has until August and I think the House Committee has until October. I don't know that that's when it is. I'm sure you won't wait till that long, no. So that's why I guess I'm trying to say I'm trying to say I'm trying to say what kind of a committee is he to go on for months? What kind of a committee is he to go on for months? I do have to ask him that, you know. He's waiting for the Tower Report to come in. He's waiting for Absurd. He just wants more input, which is, I believe, the responsible way to do it.  Does he really want to say things and answer some of the questions people have? Of course he does. Is he frustrated by the information that's coming up? Is he frustrated by the information that's coming up? Frustrated by it? Yeah. Peace meal nature of the year. Oh, yes, yes. He'd like it all out. He said that in the very beginning. President, I don't understand one thing. The questions we have have to do with his involvement or what he knew. Why does he have to wait for outside committees to report before he says what he knew or what he you offer us? Because he thinks that's a responsible way to do it, Chris. Obviously, the questions are not going to just end with his involvement as they have not just ended with drug involvement here, right? So he thinks that's a responsible way to do it. I think so too. Now, that's sometimes very difficult. Sometimes it's harder to say nothing than to say something. Thank you, everyone. Thank you. Thank you. And thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


mitochondrial contact site and Christy organizing system, MECOS complexes are essential for proper mitochondrial structure and function. Two subunits of this complex, MIC26 and MIC27, have been identified as key regulators of mitochondrial morphology and metabolism. These two subunits are exclusively located in mitochondria and are responsible for the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and integrity. Depletion of either MIC26 or MIC27 results in impaired mitochondrial morphology and function leading to increased oxidative stress and ultimately diabetic complications. This article was authored by Melissa Lubeck, Nick H. Durkham, Ritam Naha and others.


The knife, the rocket, on the mine knife, the skull. Thousand plus science fiction adventures from the world of tomorrow, the years beyond 2000. Hey, D, 2000 plus presents the rocket and the skull. It's too important for this project not to know where he is every moment, sir. Be for base. Try a scanner beam. He should be on the all-clear level out of Detroit. Yes, sir. That buries the only man who knows every step of the routine. Be for base. Come in, R for rocket. You're not getting him. Cut the scanner and return to standard beam. Yes, sir. Are you receiving me? We couldn't contact you. Are you sure? We can't have anything, haven't you? The first experiment is being conducted tomorrow morning. Everything is ready for you. Good. The entire general staff will be there. Maybe the president himself. Is there anything you want me to have done before you come in? Anything you want done? Getting a response. Be for base to R for rocket. Come in, R for rocket. He was receiving clear as a bell. He said the stabilizer had been acting up. That can mean a lot of trouble at 700 miles an hour. What's that? Automatic distress signal coming from Colonel Bradbury's planes. Hello, Crash Central. This is be for base. Automatic distress signal coming in on channel 420. Colonel Bradbury flying a rocket jet X-93. Hey, it stopped. Be for base to Crash Central. Automatic signal ceased to register at beam contact 16 over 8. Carry out emergency crash procedures. Rocket jet X-93 has crashed on beam position 16 over 8. You were able to get your general. We're going to operate very shortly. I tell you, it's a miracle he's alive. It will be more of a miracle that he's alive one hour from now. You've got to save him. He's an important man. Yes, the White House called and started the Pentagon. We know Colonel Bradbury is important. But the shattered skull is very difficult. I know you'll do all you can. Stay right here, General. We'll keep you informed. With our hands. I have a report from Crash Central, sir. No. Apparently Colonel Bradbury, it was the catapult parachute just before the plane crashed. Otherwise, he would have been killed instantly. When he was catapulted up, his chute didn't open. He fell into a group of three poor bread. It might have been better if he'd stayed in the ship. You heard what the doctor said? Yes, sir. The shattered skull. The one brain we need to carry out the experiment tomorrow, and this is about fine, Brown Earth. Patient thinking, sir. More patient responding, sir. Good. Two cigarettes. Yes, sir? Just waiting. Waiting in more than an hour. Brain surgery is very delicate, sir. May take another hour. Or even more. You carried out my orders to postpone the experiment? Yes, sir, until further notice. Brad doesn't believe we'll have to start another man all over. May set the project back a year, and the year could be dangerous. No, you look surprised, Lieutenant. You don't know what this experiment's all about, do you? Well, I see the code name for it on the paper, sir, but it never has a description. After all, it's Mark Popsecret. Maybe it's about time he were told with Brad upstairs, hanging under life by a thread. I'm going to need a bright young man to give me some important decisions. You've come through with pretty good colors these last many hours. Thank you, sir. Well, we'll talk more about it in a little while. Right now, I'm going to stretch out and try to rest. I'm about done in. If I hear anything, I'll awaken you, sir. I don't expect to have sleep, not with the fate of the world, depending on a surgeon's knife. Adjust the light. Yes. Scarecrow. Oxygen now, sir. Nurse, prepare for transfusion. 60, August 40. Patient's thinking, sir. That's right, then. Go ahead, Dr. Bowen. Hurry. They shouldn't say him, doctor. Getting the transfusion. Let me help you, Dr. Bowen. There. He's responding. Two hours, sir. Two hours. Just about now, the general staff would be arriving and Brad would be checking everything for the experiment in the morning. Lieutenant, have you any guess about that experiment, about what it is? Well, my guess is it's about a new kind of aircraft. I don't know why you say that. Well, just because it's an Air Force project. Well, I wouldn't say you were wrong, but you aren't cold either. The experiment and the reason it's so important concerns a rocket to the moon. A rocket to the moon, but why, sir? Why send one there? The moon controls the moon, controls the world. If we had rockets on the moon, we could compel peace on Earth. The United Nations would press a button and wipe any aggressor off the face of the Earth. That means space travel. You don't mean that we... Hello, Lieutenant. We haven't found the way to send rocket ships with human beings through space, not yet anyway. But the rocket we're experimenting with is a two-way rocket. It can land on the moon and return from the moon, all electronically controlled from the Earth. Sounds fantastic, sir. No, it's quite feasible, I assure you. But we have reason to believe that we're not the only nation thinking of this. Time is of the essence. Colonel Bradbury knows more about operating these rockets than any man alive. Just on the verge of the experiment, this has to happen. Quiet, Dr. Rizio has to take a message down to you from the operating room. Bradbury... He's scared, isn't he? And no, General. He's still hanging on. Dr. Rizio says that he now has a 30% chance of surviving.  Because of the size of the area, a new metal alloy strike will be used. It'll take at least five or six more hours. Dr. Rizio suggests you go home, General, and the way you'll be more comfortable. A lot of oponion if anything happens. He's coming out of it. Colonel Bradbury, can you hear me? This is Dr. Rizio. Nurse, open the blinds a little. Our ease is back, but still, I'll hold it. Blind, thank you. Ten days since the operation, he's just now coming out of it. He's a strong man. Almost any other person would have died. Colonel Bradbury. Colonel Bradbury, can you hear me? The base. Nurse, have Dr. Keyes come in at once? They buy some popcorn. I'm for rocket. Just, General, I'm for rocket. Right, so do we. It's all right, Colonel. Take it easy. You call for me. The city's coming out of it. It's talking to a radically typical, I'm for rocket, the base. That sort of thing, where you tickle Jack on Air Force, you know? Mars? Mars? Mars? Marsham? They use all sorts of code names. Mars is probably one of them. I think in about 48 hours you ought to be out of shock completely. We can call General Hilton. Tell him to come over the day after tomorrow. Take it easy, Colonel.  You ought to be in pretty good shape. Nurse, keep them comfortable. Back to Kees and I will leave now. Rock. Eliza, off. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. sorry. Miss Hilsa, take this picture off. Something wrong. It must call General. Call General Hilton. Mars. Marsham. Captain Hilsa. Captain Hilsa, please. Memorandum to General Stath. A new experiment is tentatively planned for April 3, 2006. Two, all security measures have been taken. Three, although severely handicapped by Colonel Bradbury's absence, newly trained specialists will endeavor to fill the gaps. Anything more General? No, no, no Lieutenant. Oh, may I should say, no, Captain. You like that extra bomb? Certainly do, sir. Well, you learned it, Bob. You've been a great help to me. Okay, note the memo was trapped secret and sent it faxed him later to the Pentagon. Oh, I'll take it, never mind. You know who I am? Who? The President. Oh, yes, Mr. President. Of course, sir. Well, I've just prepared a memorandum, but that's only two weeks, Mr. President. We assumed about 60 days. Oh. Yes, sir. For work day and night to do it. Thank you, Mr. President. Captain, change the date and the first paragraph of the memo. The new experiment is to take place in two weeks. General, that's almost impossible. I know it, and you know it. But there's one man who doesn't know it, and he says it's got to be done. I'm not disposed to argue with the President of the United States. I'd like to double check some of my notes on General Bradbury with you. Of course, doctor. On this afternoon, the General is coming to see him. But, uh, General Bradbury... Yes? He must have come a lesson. Well, he's not too lucid. Now, that's the point. He's not too lucid, but weak as he is. He talks normally for a while. Makes sense. And then that strange reaction sets him. I have observed it myself three times. Well, head injury cases are quite unpredictable. Perhaps, but according to my note, General Bradbury's strange reaction has taken place always either at 10 a.m. or 5 p.m. Of the three instances I have observed, two have been at 10, one at 5. Well, that is unusual. And in each instance, well, I can see now in my mind's eye, sitting alone in bed, talking quite sensitively, although in a weak voice, suddenly he becomes tense. He grimaces as if his head were in pain. He even clutches the bedclothes with tight fists. It appears to be rigid. Then, after a few minutes, invariably, comes a flood of disjoint, the disconnected senses about messages, emergency, crisis, state of the world, and Mars. Our General Hilton is going to visit the Colonel this afternoon at about 5 o'clock. And you expect the Colonel to have another strange reaction? I don't know! Surely General Hilton realized that a man who's had severe surgery can't tell what the General will realize. But my fear is that he may see that the Colonel is not improving his ability as well as he might, and he may call in other doctors. But we're doing everything humanly possible. That is the irony of the situation. I could have killed the Colonel in surgery. It would have been very easy. But, well, important government officials are concerned. I get worried. If we ever were indestinated carefully, they might find out who you and I really are. And that would be dangerous. Very dangerous. Thank you, nurse. I understand you wanted to see me. I came as soon as I couldn't. Sure, Brad, don't worry about me. Brad, we're scheduling the experiment. Do you feel up to answering a few questions about the experiment? Something to tell you. Sure, Brad, sure.  Suppose I just ask you a few questions and you answer them yes or no. That'll save your energy. What time is it? 4 or 5 o'clock, why? A message coming. What message? Trying to tell you. Couldn't tell anyone else. Mars. Martians. Mars? Martians? Finally tell me what. Brad, go ahead and see. What's the matter, Brad? Nurse! Doctor! Something's happening to Colonel Bradbury! Hurry! Hurry! Hello. Hello. Dr. Riggio, can you hear me? Mars. Mars. What? Can you hear from this here, too? Do you remember? And prior to General, strange things happened to the human mind. Tell us, a metal plate. R. Like a six. Day and reporting. Hello. Dr. C. Colonel. Nurse, we'll try a hypo. Get one for me, please. Oh, I won't. Thank you, ma'am. Now I'm inject. Should we relax for a moment? Here are your first experiments. One fail. Happer has released his tension. He'll sleep now. He'll be all right when you awaken. Yes, but what happened to him, doctor? I'm not certain, General, but in a few days, we may be able to tell him more. I know you're doing everything possible, doctor, and we're grateful for your saving Brad's life. But mightn't it be wise to call him some specialist, some mother doctor, for consultation? There's so much information and advice we need from Colonel Bedbury. Call him... other doctor? Well, General, I don't know that that's necessary. So strange watching him. Almost as if he were listening to something. You know, now that I think of it, he did say something about a message. You think there's any connection? I hardly think so, General. After all, we didn't hear anything. No, no. I'm afraid it was just the erratic talk of a sick and injured brain. No, no. I'm afraid it was just the erratic talk of a sick and injured brain. General, you really went through an experience watching the Colonel like that.  Had some crazy idea. He was getting messages. Messages of hallucinations. He was off his rocker for a while. I'm afraid I was a little brusque with Dr. Regio. He's a fine man, but I'd feel better if some other medicos looked at Brad, too. I'll wait for some specialists from Army Medical to examine him. Will you, Captain? Yes. Oh, I'll do a conflict. One thing more. On the experiment file, you'll find a... General Houghton's office? One moment, please. For you, sir, Pentagon, intelligence section. Intelligence? I don't know. General Houghton. Yes? Are you certain? What, have the President and the Chief of Staff been informed? Good. It's after over 15 minutes. Right. Order my car, Captain. Things are happening. Yes, sir. General Houghton's car stand by at West Endland. What thing, sir? Intelligence reports that the Eastern Alliance is definitely planning a moon rocket for Blastoff in six days. Do you know what that means if they get there before the United Nations? Six days, and we will be ready for 14 days. We really wanted three months. That's right. But how, somehow, they must have found out about our experiment and have agents that feed for some of our vital data. That's what the emergency meeting is about. Are your cars ready, General? Good luck. We're going to need it, Captain. We're going to need it. Dr. Keys, have you heard? What is it? Some other doctors are examining Colonel Bradbury. Yes, I just met them. What? Of course I gave them permission. I had no choice. General Hilton requested it yesterday. Who are they? That's just it. Army, medical. Army! How you can be so cold and calculating and surgery and so nervous now, I cannot understand. Your record here is flawless. Your operation on Bradbury is superb. No suspicion will attach to you or to me. If we conduct ourselves in a normal, unprofessional manner, what is the reason? That they are the Army. Now that means an intelligence section. They have routines about these things. We have no choice but to keep up appearances. I know, I know. But if they ever find out that we are the agents of the Eastern Alans, that we have masterminded the theft of certain moon rocket data, they wouldn't be ruthless, Dr. Keys. General Hilton's office? I'm sorry, the general isn't here. This is his aide. No, sir, I don't know when he'll return. I suggest you place the information on our private facsimile line in code. Our extension is page three. I'll then give the papers to the general when he arrives. Yes, sir, I'll turn the facsimile line on now, sir. We can receive it at once. Thank you. Colonel Bradbury. Great surgical applied to Colonel Bradbury's skull. The metal skull plate and voices. So that's what the Colonel's hallucinations are. It's fantastic. Hello, police. Hello, General Hilton's office. At Central Hospital, there are two staff doctors, Dr. Regio and Dr. Keys. All right, place them under arrest at once. Message, judge quarters, please. This is General Hilton's aide. When the general returns, tell him I'll be at Central Hospital talking to Colonel Bradbury. I'm the general's aide. You can describe the voices to me. Now, what happened? The head somehow picks up a certain high frequency radio waves. At least that's the theory of the army medical exam. The Martian. They want to stop the moon rocket. Enemy's from another world. Colonel, you can't really believe that. You must have misunderstood. The real enemies are the eastern alliance. Their agents have been caught. Their moon project won't take place for a long time as a result. Now, you just take it easy, sir. The army's going to track down that wavelength that bothers your head. Then you'll recuperate peacefully. Captain, truly, excuse me, sir. It's almost five o'clock. I've got to be going, sir. Just take it easy, please. Send the message to Mars on the regular wavelength at five o'clock. You'll have to use the ultimate wavelength. I will submit a report explaining how our communications were discovered. You can report this. The eastern alliance agents have been captured by the Americans. This reduces the chances of the Earth sending a moon rocket from two to only one. I will say to it that that one does not succeed. Are you f— That question. Report to my superiors on Mars that their observation base on the moon is safe from discovery. Mars will continue to be the only planet controlling outer space. That is all. I'll be reported. This came as quickly as I could. Now, what on earth is happening? Nothing on Earth is happening, General. What are you talking about? Well, I mean, everything's all right now, sir, isn't it? The eastern alliance has been taken care of and there's reason to believe Colonel Budd that his weird hallucinations won't recur anymore. Those are the two best pieces of news I've heard all day. Captain, I don't know what I'd do without you. Thank you, sir. I just try to do the best I can for my country. Next week, another exciting adventure from the world of tomorrow, from the years beyond 2000 A.D. Be sure to listen. 2000 Plus is produced by Dryer & Vanalsen Productions, Incorporated. In today's cast, Arnold Robertson will portray General Hilton, Rose Griffiths will be the chairman, Rosemary Morton will be Dr. Riggio, and now Pauline will be Dr. O'Connor Bradbury and Meryl Jones will be Dr. T. The orchestra will be directed by Emerson Buckley, music composed by Elliot Tricoby, Walt Shaber and Adrian Penner. Engineer, Bob Albrecht. This is Ken Marvin speaking.


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE. Covering Edge 2016, brought to you by IBM. Now, here are your hosts, Dave Vellante and Stu Miniman. Welcome back to IBM Edge, everybody. This is theCUBE, the worldwide leader in live tech coverage. Dr. Stephanie Cheris is here. She is the Vice President of Power Systems offering management at IBM. I know I'm probably leaving some things out of there that could throw in cloud, I guess. All right, but welcome to theCUBE. Thank you, and thank you very much for having me back. Good to see you, yeah, a CUBE alum. That's great. I didn't have the opportunity to interview you, but I'm honest to you. That's right, but Stu and I have met before. Yeah, happy to be back. Great, so you were telling us you're prepping for the main tent tomorrow? Yes, yes, prepping for the main tent. So tomorrow we get an opportunity to talk a bit about, really, tomorrow is all about the individual, right? The power of the individual to have impact in today's IT world between the access to infrastructure has changed dramatically through things like cloud. And so the ability for individuals to impact the industry, right? And their company as well as just the world is better than ever, right? So we talked, I know you spoke to Jason Ponton, right? And I'll be having the innovators under 35 with me up there to kind of demonstrate what an individual can do to really change the industry.  Yeah, it'll be great. So what are you guys going to talk about? Give us a little preview without showing too much. We get a bit about their personal stories, right? And I think we're all driven by our personal stories and our passions. And so they get a chance to talk about their innovations. And I'll get a chance to talk about why I do infrastructure, right? Which is my passion. So it's kind of nice. Passion and infrastructure. Absolutely. So that's cool. So power used to be kind of this boring marketplace, right? And then all of a sudden open power happened. Yeah. And how did that change your life? Yeah, no, it's a whole new power systems today. Really with the launch of Power 8, which coincided with the launch of open power systems, it's a different ballgame for us. I have responsibility in power systems for the Linux portfolio. And we changed our approach to Linux when we launched Power 8. We came out with the ability to support Big Indian and Little Indian in the processor, which made us much more relevant in the broader Linux ecosystem. We also focused on open power. So an incredible focus on creating an ecosystem, not just at the software level, but all the way down to the hardware level. And we're up to over 250 members now. And that's helped us expand our ISV ecosystem. At the end of the day, it is all about ecosystem. And we have over 2,500 now ISVs running on Linux on power. So it's changed. It's changed dramatically, both our approach and I think also how Linux is being used by clients has changed dramatically. What was it? A few weeks ago was the 25th birthday of Linux. That was kind of exciting. It's amazing to see how it's grown up. It's grown up from being a hobbyist sport to running corporations. Well, I mean, I loved during the 25th anniversary. There's a great tweet that went out. It showed all the components of a cake and said, good luck, make it your way in. So here's your cake, good luck with that. I love that idea of kind of the individual contributor. How much of that is based on open source, things like open power and of course Linux? And how does IBM make it kind of individual beyond kind of open source and community? Yeah, so I think the whole open source and Linux, if it's done nothing else, it's taught us that development is done differently and that rapid innovations can be done through a community. And so that was really fundamental to our kicking off open power. As we look at how technology has advanced in the end of Moore's law and the challenges in the processor level, it's really about creating a system. And how do you do that with an ecosystem of partners all across the stack, everything from the processor level all the way up to the application level. And so as we look at how individuals contribute, IBM is a huge proponent of feeding back into the open source community and the IBMers are doing that every day. But then in addition, it's about pulling together the community to find a way that it all pulls together across a system stack to bring value. So the end of Moore's law, that's there's some red meat right there that can chew on for a bit. I'm fighting words for certain folks, but so where's the innovation coming from? Because this industry is marched to the cadence of Moore's law for decades. So where's the innovation come from? First of all, let's test that. So Moore's law is the end of Moore's law. What does that mean to you and what does that mean to IBM? So I came from the processor level, right? So I did silicon technology for a long time. And at the end of the day, it's all about return on investment and shrinking down a gates at this point to get the return on investment for performance. It's not happening right at the same rate that we were used to. So client value is not coming at twice the performance at a client level value just based upon shrinking your gates alone every 18 months. And the commitment that it takes in order to do that and to shrink, it's just not going to happen. The laws of physics fundamentally will prevent it. So once the Moore's law meets the laws of physics, physics will win. So now it's about expanding beyond just the processor level and just the silicon. It's about pulling in things like accelerators and accelerator technology. It's about having a breadth of those accelerators in order to feed all the new workloads that are coming in on Linux. But it's a different ballgame today, right? It's not just the processor that will provide a difference. It's essential. It doesn't take away. The architecture is important, but it is about the system and the system stack all the way up to the software that's going to bring client value. And that's what we have to focus on. It's not just about speeds and feeds. It's about client value. So IBM has some street cred here. Stephanie, you weren't even born yet, but Stu, you won't remember, but when IBM moved from ECL to CMOS, that was a big bet. It was a big bet. They probably talk about that in the halls of IBM. They're back in the days, Stephanie. When we used to break the ice and wash our face and walk to school three miles, I'm sure you hear those stories. But that was a huge bet that IBM made that a lot of people thought was foolish, an IBM's part, but obviously paid off. So what is the bet you're making now? Okay, let's agree that Moore's law is peaking, physics, et cetera. So what's the bet on now? Where's the innovation curve? So for Power Systems, we have focused, and I think you'll see this, both in the recent announcements around Power 9 at Hotchips, but also in our announcements around our recent LC servers, right? Called Minsky, the SA-22LC for high performance computing. It's about bringing in IO capabilities that allow acceleration to be pulled in differently and tighter, closer to the processor. So we have built our processors with IO and interfaces to be able to pull an acceleration closer to that processor that can't be done on any other platform. So it's about creating those gateways and those paths for the ecosystem to participate with accelerators. And as we look at Power in the Cloud, I wonder if you can speak to both kind of the challenges that you have architecting it and the opportunities that customers get to be able to build new solutions that they can do in the Cloud that they might not be able to do elsewhere. I think one of the things with the Cloud aspect is, you know, we have, as you pull in some of these, it's interesting, I think, to see clients as you pull in sort of these new system level architectures, it's different, right? And the benefit of the Cloud is it provides simple access to infrastructure that they may not be willing to pull in on-prem, right?  There's a lot of use in the Cloud because there's not familiarity and experience for an on-prem deployment. So I think Cloud brings a new access point in order to access sort of new and emerging technologies. And for on-prem, you know, there are lots of bold folks with IT departments that are extremely strong that are pulling that in, but from an accelerator standpoint, I think it's about allowing simple access to differentiated infrastructure that the Cloud provides. I think there was a misnomer. Some people thought, you know, Cloud is just going to be cheap, but, you know, it sounds like there's a lot of room for innovation and trying new and different things in the Cloud. And, you know, I think there's been a lot of, a lot of analyst reports around hyperscale data centers that going into the future, they will be the deliverers of innovation, right? To folks who want to leverage the newest and the latest. So we, you know, we just in our recent announcements for the expanded LC portfolio that we had on September 8th, we announced some collaborations that we had done with Tencent, right? So Tencent, one of the biggest telcos in China, and they deployed on using a Spark performance benchmark. And when they did it on Power, it was about them creating a using less hardware with better performance. You know, that's them going after a TerraSort benchmark that is different, right? That is different. They will deliver the newest and the best to the public with simplicity of access, right? So I think it is a misnomer. I think Cloud is really a new access point and I think it will deliver innovation and access to that innovation. So since you brought up China, you've kind of with open power created a monster potentially in China. And it's interesting, right? So China's becoming self-sufficient, doing their own chips, they've got their own version of Linux. I always joke, and it's true by the way, they have their own Wikibon. They have a Wikibon China, basically taking all of our content and translated it and here it goes, it's open source. That's what happens in open source. Innovation, unintended consequences, not necessarily a bad thing. What's IBM's play with that? You seem obviously very comfortable with it.  I think China is a unique market. They have made decisions and they're looking to have domestic innovation and they have their own innovation agenda within China. And we in open power through the open power, we will participate and we will enable them to do that and leverage the best of power architecture to do so. So our partnerships in China are enabled in order to participate in the China market. Open means open. And we will do that. Partially open. I want to come back to something you were talking about earlier about your decision to support Little Indian. It's kind of a geeky term, but let's explain what that means. So from a binary compatibility standpoint, you talked about ISVs. How was that a game changer and what are the results been in the marketplace? Yeah, it has been essential, right? So just to step back on endian-ness for a moment. So it's really, endian-ness refers to how you store your data, whether or not you store your most significant digit first or your least significant digit first. And that's something that you want to get right, right? You don't want to mess that up. And converting from Big Endian to Little Endian is not simple from an ISV or a reporting application, right? So we did it in the hardware. So power in the hardware, in the processor, can support either Big Endian or Little Endian. Now the bulk of the ecosystem is Little Endian Linux. And so when we came out with Power 8, we put that technology into the processor so that we could support Little Endian applications. What that means is for scripting languages, those can be just moved over from Little Endian on x86, moved over and run on a power system. So that migration became much, much simpler. And for like a CC++, a recompile is required, but that will move over with a simple recompile and will run on power. So it was absolutely essential for us to do that in order to participate in the bulk of the Linux ecosystem out there. And it's funny, I was with a business partner just a couple of weeks ago in Denmark and they've done a lot of work to move their software. They have some software that they run and they moved it over from Little Endian on x86 to Little Endian on power. And I asked myself, so how did that go? And he looked at me like I was crazy, right? He's like, why would you ask that? I'm like, well, we get a lot of mixed views or on the thing he said, absolutely great. Absolutely great. I can't even believe you asked the question. So I think that technology shift for us was key. It has brought simplicity for us to participate in ISVs to leverage power infrastructure underneath their code. And has the success been, or where have you had success? Has it been workload specific across the board? So we are very focused and prioritizing in our ecosystem. We are focused on big data workloads, right? Everything in the Power 8 architecture and the power architecture is built to do data. I mean, our AIX workloads and our IBMI workloads, we grew up working on how to do data, right? That's what we do. And now we want to bring that capability to Linux workloads. So we're quite focused on open source databases. We're very focused on analytics. We're very focused on high performance computing. It's those workloads that can leverage the eight threads and the large cache size and the IO bandwidth that we have and the memory bandwidth. So we're prioritizing where power can make a difference and we're working on delivering on the ecosystem in order to play in those spaces in particular. So, and how has in-memory databases played in? I don't want to make too big of a deal. Steve Mills used to say, ever since we've had memory, we've had in-memory databases. He's like Bill Parcells. Don't put him into Hall of Fame yet. But nonetheless, in-memory databases have come back memories cheaper, the need for speed, real time has coincided with all these other technology trends that we see. So is that a tailwind? It's all about getting the data closer, right? You have to get that data closer to the compute. That's what it's all about at the end of the day. So clearly, right, we have DB2 blue. We have a strong play in SAP HANA. That's been a great play, right? Has it? Yeah, the flexibility that power brings to an SAP HANA deployment has been great for us. So we have great success with clients running SAP HANA on power. And that's a good business. It's not just the anti-oracle business. Are they always here, everybody talking HANA, HANA, HANA, but it's really happening in the marketplace for you guys. It's a great business and SAP wants it to happen. And they're making it happen. They're making it happen. That's absolutely right. They're making it happen. And the results are great for clients, right? The feedback has been outstanding for clients. And power brings differentiation there from flexibility and from performance. So that has been an incredible play for us. And in addition, right, capabilities like our CAPI technology, which is our I.O. that brings FPGAs and acceleration closer in, you can put flash behind that. Which, you know, since CAPI brings that accelerator into a shared memory space, that brings that very large memory space, right? A little bit slower but a whole lot cheaper, right? Right into your shared memory space. And you're doing atomic rights, persisting the data, eliminating the horrible storage stack. And, I mean, no I.O. call, right? I mean, the saving on instructions. Best I.O. is no I.O. is, he named all the said, another guy that you guys don't remember, but you probably heard the name. Stephanie, one of the things I've really enjoyed at this conference, walking the hallway, we say, you know, we're fortunate to live in a time that there's just so much going in, especially people like kind of the big engineering challenges and things we're solving. I'm curious, what's getting you excited? What makes kind of where we are now in technology so important? Yeah, I think one, I'm very excited about the open, right? The ability for everyone to participate has created such a, it's almost a much more rapid innovation cycle than we've ever seen before. And clearly my focus is on Linux, right? So open place key to that. I think also we're seeing the culmination of a change in the workloads that are running on Linux. So that's key, right? I think that's very interesting. We're seeing clients take Linux and the workloads that run on Linux to new levels, and that's driving new requirements on the infrastructure. So we're coming back to a place where, for Linux workloads, infrastructure matters because the workloads are driving that kind of requirement onto the infrastructure. And so as we come in, our ecosystem has matured, it's the right time for Linux on power. It's great, well listen, good luck with the keynote tomorrow, thanks so much for coming back and the queue, it was great to meet you. Thanks for having me, it's a pleasure. You're welcome. All right, keep it right there, everybody. We'll be back with our next guest. This is theCUBE, we're live from IBM Edge in Las Vegas. Right back.


So we're here today at the Inside Bitcoins Conference which is being held in Melbourne over a couple of days and I've been impressed by the fact that nearly 500 people are going to come and listen and talk about bitcoins over a two day period in Melbourne. This shows sort of a level of interest in Australia which I think is promising for both the technology sector and for cryptocurrencies in general. What's clear from talking to a number of the people who have attended the conference and who are speaking here is that the potential for Bitcoin is huge. The range of things that can be done with this technology go far beyond the simple exchange of currency between somebody buying a coffee and somebody selling it. So the market at the moment is largely being driven by investors who are trading bitcoins. There is a much smaller market being driven by retail businesses that are prepared to accept it. But generally what we've seen from the audience with people from the finance industry, from the media, from regulators is that there is an ongoing attempt to try and come to terms with this currency. From the early days of this conference the participation has grown and we expect that's going to happen with this particular conference or other conferences like it on cryptocurrencies and it's going to be interesting to see how this actually spurs this whole sector on.


In my channel, I'm currently at the beach, I'm staying in Rosemary Beach and we are just having such a great time, but it is sadly coming to the end. This will probably be the last vlog. I'll probably combine this vlog and tomorrow's vlog. Um, tomorrow's our last day and I'm really sad, but I'll definitely be back. If you guys haven't watched my other vlogs, go check them out. I'm gonna do a house tour and one of the other vlogs. I haven't like edited anything yet, which is actually really nice. Like I really haven't worked at all, which is not very normal for me, um, except for vlogging, but I don't really feel like that's working, like it's so fun and I feel like it's more for the memories for me to have later in life. This morning I'm getting ready for brunch. Hopefully we can get, um, a table at Pescado. I've never been there and it has really pretty views, hopefully we can get outdoors. Trying to manifest all of this because I know all of these restaurants have such long lines because, um, they're just so popular and everyone raves about them. So I'm gonna just spruce up my hair. I told you guys how I would do a little demo for you guys in my last vlog, not even last vlog, like vlogs ago and I never did, so, um, I wanted to show you guys my favorite dry shampoo. I, I guess this would be considered dry shampoo. It's called the Playa Soft Volume Powder and there's, like, tape on my thing because I didn't, I lost the cap and I didn't want it to get everywhere in my suitcase, but I put it where you put dry shampoo under, like, your top layer of your hair, um, and then it literally works so well, like, I'm not even putting that much in my hair and then you just do the same thing like dry shampoo, kind of zhuzh it in. It is white, but it disappears, like, very easily, so that's nice because I feel like other white dry shampoos you have to, like, literally, like, give your head an hour-long massage to get the lightness out, um, but yeah, now my hair looks brand new. So that is a little trick that I love and this is, like, day old hair. I curled it last night and I am doing a tutorial on TikTok. I'll link the TikTok below if I actually post it. I feel like there's so many TikToks that I, like, make and stuff that I never post for some reason. Um, TikTok is just a whole different other platform, but right now I'm gonna find some gold jewelry to wear. I have to show you guys this fricking thing. It's a game changer. It's called the Necklet. Well, not this whole chain thing. Oh, gee, beauty blogger style. But this thing right here is called a Necklet and it goes up to three hooks. I wish they had more, honestly, because, like, I'm just extra like that. I like to wear more than three. But basically, you hook all of your chains on this side and then you hook the other side on and this is just a magnet. And it's a really strong magnet, too. Like, it doesn't really come undone very easily. And this just helps to obviously have all your chains on one. So you don't have to take them all off and put them all back on again, because that is so annoying. And most necklaces I have, especially because I have, like, longer nails, it just is such a pain. This is literally so easy to put on. Just make the magnetics click together. And there you go. Little layered thing. I already had this one necklace on. I will link all these necklaces down below because I get a lot of questions on my gold jewelry. I got this one from Amazon, this one from Etsy, my stick chain. This one is from Love AJ. And then this one is actually from Necklet, the brand that has that little tool that I showed you. And then these are Majuri and Etsy. So all gold jewelryed out.  I don't want something a little extra. Oh, and then I also have these super cute bracelets that I got from Shop Redress Boutique. Let's see. They're kind of just like a wooden bead thing, but I thought they were, like, really beachy and cute. So I'm going to wear that today because I keep forgetting to wear them. It's so funny because I used to hate gold jewelry. I would only wear silver, but then it became trendy and I obviously hopped on the train. So here I am. All gold jewelry. Nothing else. These hoops are from Gorjana. Gorjana. Not sure how to pronounce it, but that is the fit. Well, not the fit. Okay, let me show you guys my fit now. This bodysuit is from Isguided and then these pants.  I'm, like, obsessed with the, what is this freaking style even called? Like, work pants kind of thing, but these are a lot more flowy at the end. They make you look so cinched at the waist because they're, like, hitting at the perfect angle and they just, they're so flattering. So I'll have these linked down below. One of my best Amazon finds, honestly, and they come in so many different colors, like so many, probably like 15 or more. So check that out and I think we're gonna head out to brunch.  We just got to Piscato and we have the perfect view of just, like, the ocean and Rosemary Beach. It's so pretty up here. Hopefully the food is good. Hopefully it blows us away because we have had not the best look with food. Just ordered and Ryan added a croissant because we just watched Emily and Paris or, like, obsessed with saying croissant. I got chicken and waffles because it was the easiest to go to. Oh, trust me. Yeah, it did sound good. We interrupt our program to bring you this important message. Hey, everyone. Welcome to the House of Mermaids. I'm about to show you guys around this four-bed, four-and-a-half bath getaway on 30A. Let's do it. First, we're starting out here on the patio. This swing right here is a new addition and probably one of my favorites. It is perfect from working from home while getting that outdoor feel. As you enter the house, you'll notice a bright and airy theme. All the furniture is super comfortable and this whole space is great for entertaining friends and family. One of my favorite parts about this house is the kitchen. It has this huge granite countertop. We have modern appliances and a gas range for those nights that you want to cook at home. This fridge is huge so you can stock up on all your favorite beach snacks and drinks, of course. And the best part is that we have our own little ice machine.  Over here, we have a spacious dining room table, perfect for the holidays if you guys are here during that time. Right over here, we have our guest bathroom and then this door leads us to our stacked washer and dryer so you don't have to over pack. On the first floor, we have our master bedroom. Let's go take a look. Hidden behind this barn door is the master bathroom. Now we're gonna check out the second floor. Let's go take a look. We have three bedrooms on the second floor. Let's head into the first one. Each bedroom has their own private bathroom and a full-size closet. As you'll see throughout the house, each bedroom has its own unique artwork and personal style. One of my favorite bedrooms in this house has to be this one because it has an outdoor shower. Nestled on 30A between Alice Beach and Dustin, the house and roommates includes private beach access, complimentary chair service, bike rentals and a golf cart to explore the area. This house is just steps away from the community pool which is a great place to take a night swim and then head to our personal fire pit for some s'mores. Thanks for watching this house tour. If you guys have any questions, please feel free to contact us and we hope you enjoy your stay at the house and roommates. So Ryan told me to stop and he was like, look back at the sign and I was like, I literally can't turn my head but I looked back anyways and do you see what the sign says? Can you zoom in? I'm not sure if y'all watch Desperate Housewives but that's like the lane that they live on. It's like iconic and we're in the midst of finishing Desperate Housewives we're on like season seven out of eight. It's taken us like so long, we started it at the beginning of quarantine and we still haven't finished it but how freaking cute is that? Ryan's making us some sandwiches and we're gonna head to the beach. I just posted on my photo account about full of minis. I feel like I always am so last minute with mini sessions but if you guys are in the Austin area I'm doing them this coming Sunday. They are 20 minute sessions and it's just like for a lower price and I'm also doing it for the holidays so keep your eyes out for that. You guys can follow me on my photo accounts and all my productions and I'll just be like updating that when the time comes but yeah, I'm doing that for Sunday. I've been pretty good about updating my like to know it which is just like a platform where all of your like favorite influencers and bloggers post their outfits and like exactly where they got everything. So I've been pretty good about that posting about all my outfits every day this week so if you guys are interested and if I don't end up linking things in the vlog check out my like to know it profile and don't follow me on there because I'm gonna stay updating that shit when I get back although I'm not taking as many pictures when I get back home I thought today was gonna be like the hottest day but ended up not being, I mean it's still gonna be hot. What'd you say? It's not even noon. Yeah, it's not even noon so I guess there's still time for it to be hot but I feel like this house is freezing at the time so I'm just like I don't wanna go swimming when I'm freezing in this house but the community pool is heated so I really wanna go swimming in that more than the ocean today cause the ocean is just like so cold and I feel like I was gonna regret not swimming in the ocean I wouldn't have felt like I actually went to the beach if I did not swim so I suffered through it but it wasn't really enjoyable so that's why I wanna go to the pool today. Publix cookies for the win. Pringles ready to go.  I have been wanting to get this new lens that's like a wider angle. The lens that I want doesn't have the lowest aperture which is like what I like but it does have a wide angle so I don't know. I have three and I'm just blow-drying my hair with my Revlon one step hairdryer or whatever it's called and I thought I would give you guys a quick tutorial I'm not doing it very precisely but I thought I would just talk about it while I have it here so basically this is a hairbrush drying tool I have not tried the Dyson so I'm not sure if it's comparable but it's kind of like a dupe and it's literally like 40 bucks which is insane compared to like I'm pretty sure the Dyson is like $500 or something so when I saw this on TikTok I was like okay I'm gonna try it out and it's funny because I made a TikTok about it and it literally went viral so I thought I would do a little tutorial since it apparently is very interesting to everyone I'm just lightly drying my bottom pieces but the top pieces are really where it's going to matter and like I said this really isn't precise at all so maybe I'll do a more precise tutorial when I get back home there is like a cool low and high setting so what I do is I take it like this much of my hair and I put it on high I go against the hair and then maybe again and I do the ends too so I dry pretty much everything but then on the third time I go in and kind of like curl it around and then hold the bottom on the brush like a round brush and just kind of keep twirling it and then sometimes if I'm feeling fancy I'll actually put it on the cool setting so that it can like cool the curl and set the curl while it's on the brush and then it will have like a little curl at the end so that's how I do it I totally forgot to put my blow-dry spray in my hair this is the Kenra blow-dry spray advanced dry thermal protection and it is supposed to help your hair just blow-dry a lot faster I don't know how but it does and also protect your hair and I've been using it since college and it's really, really good you can find an Ulta, Amazon all that stuff will have that link down below too so for the top you want to have maximum volume so I try to blow-dry all the pieces towards my face and kind of like an upwards motion and I'll do the same thing, curl it at the end and I'll definitely make sure this is dry all the way through because I want these pieces to hold especially so the front pieces are probably the most important part and you can get like a little bit more than just your bangs you're gonna brush them both together and then you're gonna take the brush put it under it and then just pull front and then curl at the bottom quick and easy, so efficient I feel like the best part about this freaking brush is that like your arms don't get sore because you're not holding a freaking blow-dryer and what's called a round brush you're just holding this and it's so easy, so simple my hair is naturally wavy too straight so I can't really speak on if it works for curly hair people so comment down below do you have curly hair how do you use this, did it work and in general if you have used it and what your experience is because I got a lot of comments on my TikTok that it damages your hair honestly I barely wash my hair once a week so I don't even use it every time I wash my hair because they usually just air dry but when you're on vacation especially I feel like it's so helpful because like I said it's just so fast so this is how you get to my blow-out and kinda those like fake curtain bang things so yeah it's our last night and we're gonna go to the hub which is just kind of like an area that has this really cute green space and a lot of like eateries around it it's not just like one restaurant but I'll show you my outfit of the night it's not anything too crazy I feel like these last two nights I was going a little more cash my slouchy tee is from Shop Red Dress and it's cool because it has like this distressing stuff and then my cardigan which is the best cardigan in the frickin' world is from Abercrombie I feel like I always say it weird cause I'm like thinking too hard about it Abercrombie, I don't know and then these jeans are from Abercrombie as well they are the same jeans that I wore this morning so I think you guys already saw those option like the barbecue at the taco it's like not probably comparable but I think Ryan's probably gonna get barbecue and then I'm gonna get pizza I feel like I've never eaten food for pizza Ryan always wants pizza when we're back home and I never do but today slanterns, yeah, they're so pretty my dream house would have those just all over the front of the house okay, probably not all over that's a little excessive but definitely like two outside that'd be so pretty just working in the golf cart getting some Reese's cups after this really after this vacation no one got to have one pack of king sized ones if you don't know now you know Ryan's like was addicted to Reese's Reese's I say Reese's cause it sounds better Reese's pieces you know I had two pieces I know I wonder if I ought to have like my face so trying to cover it and I was also thinking it'd be nice to have like a tan now because we're about to get real pale is it like really cold in Austin yet? or just like 86? 86, what were you thinking about? what was your favorite part about our trip? probably just riding those bikes around to Alice Beaks in the morning and stuff yeah, our morning bike rides I've been waking up at like 6.30, 6.45 every day and Florida is on the same time zone as Austin part of Florida is? oh sorry, the panhandle is the same time zone as Austin so hopefully I go back home and start waking up earlier cause that would be really nice just like I don't know get a little bit of work done for my stuff before I start my part time job but it's also just gonna be so hard to get back into work after we had so many days off you know we're gonna end the vlog here we're pretty sleepy and we're gonna get the house already so we can leave early in the morning not early, but I think our flight's at like 12 so we should probably get to the airport by like 11 ish and I wanna do one last sunrise on the beach so we're gonna wake up that I did make two other vlogs so go check them out and I'll also have the VRBO link to our beach house down in the description if you guys are interested in renting it out it's perfect for like bachelorette parties or just like family reunions or whatever this house sleeps 10 it's like right next to the community pool steps from the beach maybe not steps, but we did in Gulkwa I mean you guys have seen it and it's really convenient and easy so check it out, links down below and I will see y'all in my next video bye


Welcome to All Hands Update. Here's what's happening around your Navy. The holiday season is here. It's a time to spend with friends and family safely. Here are some tips to keep you safe. Keep a fire extinguisher in the kitchen in case of emergency. Use caution while using turkey fires as they can be burned and fire hazards. Never wear a loose-fitting clothing when cooking. In addition to safety, there's another thing to worry about. Your weight. On average, Americans gain approximately one to two pounds during the holiday season. With a little pre-planning, you can feast without worry. Eat veggies and proteins first. Choose what you splurge on carefully and use a smaller plate of buffet-style meals. All Hands Update would like to congratulate all our shipmates who advanced. For those who didn't make it this time, keep your head up and continue studying for the next one. You can read more about what's happening around your Navy at navy.mil.


Sumit is currently a second year computer science undergraduate student at IIT Bombay. He's a contributor to SimPy as well as SimEngine. He has also successfully completed his GSOC 2015 under SimEngine under the Python Software Foundation. Let's all give him a big round of applause. Hello everybody. Good morning to all of you. I hope you had a good keynote. So I am Sumit from IIT Bombay as he introduced. I am representing SimPy here and the whole team is here, actually the SimPy India team. So today morning I had my specs broken so I had to dig up for a spare one. So things went wrong today so let's see we are starting on time. We will probably complete on time too. Most of you in the first two days of conversation, conference I had awesome conversations with most of you. So it was a really fun thing. So people who don't I didn't talk to at least might know me as the one who is wearing SimPy t-shirt for the last three days. So that's there. So let's begin. So what is SimEngine? If we had DevSprint's lightning talks workshops on SimPy. So you might have some knowledge about what SimPy is and now I'll say what SimEngine is and if you don't understand any of these words what is fast core, what is a computer algebra system, we'll go into that. And I'll also touch upon what SimPy is, how did it come about, what are computer algebra systems and all that. So and yeah that's it. So we'll see. So what do I have for you today in this talk? I don't want to dig, I don't want to go deep into the algorithms or the theory part. So that's what I noticed, that's what I noticed usually in talks. Whatever, whenever you go deep people usually drop their attention and you don't take anything back. So I want you to take back from this talk the basic knowledge of what SimPy and SimEngine is.  So people who are here and asking what are you doing in a Python conference. So I will tell you why SimEngine was born and to the ones who are just the Pythonists here and want some Python here. I'll talk a bit about Python wrappers to C++ code and how it's linked to all of the SimPy, SimEngine and all that. So what are computer algebra systems? So computer algebra systems are basically they do algebra and they manipulate mathematical equations. So say you are solving a physics problem or you are doing research and you have a big equation and you want to calculate the integral of that. Doing it manually is almost impossible in theoretical research if you are saying. And say you have an equation and you want to solve it. So that also is a very hard problem. Integrals are not at all a trivial problem. Even doing them manually takes us time. So you might not know how to calculate the integral. So if you have a system which is doing that for you then everything is fine. And yeah once then people might say why do you call it as computer algebra system? How is it different from numeric computation? So that's the usual question people ask. How is SimPy different from NumPy? So NumPy is more popular as people who are working with pandas or anybody who is working with data you would have come across NumPy arrays and all that. So how is symbolic computation different from numeric computation? Numeric computation is that you are crunching numbers. Say somebody gives you an equation. How will you solve the equation? You have say you want to find the root of equation. You do Newton-Raphson. All you have to do is it doesn't depend on what the equation actually is. All you have to do is substitute the values, get the values and you have to just find the value of the function. Once you are able to evaluate the function to a number, you can reduce the function to a number. All you have standard algorithm. So how is symbolic computation different is given an expression, you have to manipulate the expression itself. Say I give sine x, the program should give me its derivative as cos x. So but a numerical computation can only give the derivative at a particular point because it has only numerical algorithm. So you have to say differentiate sine at x equal to something. Say now there's for integrals is the best example I can give you. As I said solving integrals is not at all a trivial problem. You need heuristics to solve integrals. So say you have sine x. So all the numerical computation library can do is compute the integral of sine x in an interval. So that's pretty simple. Everybody knows what an integral is. You have to just chop it off into very small pieces and the more pieces you divide the interval into the more accurate your integral comes out to be. All you have to do is evaluate the function at different points then multiply by the interval size and you get the integral. So here it doesn't depend on the function. So whatever may be the function you can as long as you can evaluate the function you are done. But in a symbolic library if you give x square plus sine x it should return its integral as x cube by 3 minus cos x. So that's where it's different. So you will have multiple functions and you have to evaluate the integrals of all that. So how did all this start? This was started basically by scientists. We as programmers, this was brought upon to us by scientists. So even the algebra system that I am working on was started by a physicist and mostly developed by professors and scientists. So this was basically started for scientific computing. So SimPy participates plays a huge role in Python's scientific computing community. So it was started for scientific computation. Then now the algorithms were so developed that you got insights into the algorithms and all that. So now it's no longer a subset of scientific computation. You no longer develop symbolic algorithms to do scientific computation. People have found applications to cryptography and artificial intelligence. So there are good symbolic groups all over the world. There's one in University of Waterloo and there's also research interest of symbolic computation in Austria if I'm not mistaken. So they are doing awesome work in this. So there are applications to multiple areas. It's no longer just scientific computing. So now once you have this symbolic, as I introduced to you, once you have this symbolic library, you need them fast. So everybody wants it fast. Why fast? So it's like once you are doing it for research and you are not doing it manually, you know that you are doing heavy scientific computation and basically symbolic algorithms are naturally more heavy. You can intuitively guess why. So you have to manipulate expressions. So you will have multiple heuristics in your code. Say you have to calculate the integral. You basically try out different methods till you get the method where you can solve the integral. That's how a symbolic algorithm goes about. So symbolic algorithms are naturally more heavy and heavy studies requires such heavy scientific study requires fast algorithm. So this celestial mechanics is one such area. We in our SIM engine, we came across this. We were looking at other computer algebra systems which are competing us. So there's this system called Piranha. It is developed at Max Planck Institute of Astronomy. The professor who developed it, he is an astronomy professor and all he needed that computer algebra system was for celestial mechanics.  So he developed this and it went on to become his PhD thesis. So developing this computer algebra, he has single-handedly developed this for the last 10 years and it's like, it's one of the fastest now. So SIM engine was born with this goal. So we have SIM-PAI. SIM-PAI is pretty fast and it's pretty cool. That also has been developed for the last 10 years. But we needed something faster. Eventually, as long as we know that there's something out there better than us, we needed, since we have a strong community, we needed something really cool. So SIM engine was born parallelly. We said we'll develop SIM-PAI and let's try out something faster. We'll try to make something really fast. So SIM engine was born with this goal. So what is SIM-PAI? How many of you are aware of SIM-PAI now? And how many of you, is it due to this conference or before? So SIM-PAI, all of us are wearing SIM-PAI t-shirts here and there. SIM-PAI is a pure Python library. So yeah, now the other computer algebra systems are MATLAB, Mathematica, Maple, if you have used any. So people, these are proprietary. So you have to pay for their license. So SIM-PAI is just pure Python. There is no C++ code. You can open every file and you can find only Python. And all the right from scratch is written from Python. So it's standalone Python. It has no much dependencies. But you'll need dependencies say you want to plot. You'll need a plotting library and all that. And that's it. Once you know the code is in Python, all you have to do is say you are doing a problem and say your computer algebra system is not solving. So you're stuck. Say if you're using Mathematica and you're not able to do it, you're stuck. So but here say you are there. You can always extend it. You can always build onto scripts. So all you have to do to use SIM-PAI is in your Python code, you have to just impose the libraries. You can use all the functions. So that's it. So say you want to evaluate the Laplace transform of X-PAI-A. So all you have to do is just a three line code. If you execute this Python script, you will get the result. So the Laplace transform of X-PAI-A is this. You can get it. It comes in gamma form. So that's it. So I would like to highlight the power of symbolic computation. So using SIM-PAI is pretty easy. Anybody can get started with using SIM-PAI. So you have to import the SIM-PAI library. And in it printing, what it does is say you have equations. You can print them in pretty forms. So you can say you want the equation and you need the LaTeC form. You can tell SIM-PAI to print me in the LaTeC form to directly include it anywhere else. If you want to include it anywhere else. So you have to declare symbols. Symbols are basically different from numbers. So when you say that X is a symbol, you're telling it that don't treat it as a Python object. All you have to do is, once it's symbol, the SIM-PAI knows that it's a symbol so it doesn't evaluate expressions. And you can pass it to the functions that that's there. So here, yeah, that's it. So you can just create expressions. Sinex into e power x. To find the derivative, just dip of sine x into e power x, you get this is printed in LaTeC, I think. So unique code, sorry. And that's the derivative you can verify. And you can integrate. You can also integrate symbolically. So if you use integrate and if you don't pass this tuple, x comma minus infinity comma infinity, if you just do integrate sine x square comma x, you get the integral form in symbolically. If you want to evaluate it, you give the parameters, you give the limits, t comma b. So it will evaluate. So doing this, now this is more accurate. This is the exact value of the integral that's there. So doing it symbolically is better. And you can also calculate limit. This is just a piece of what SIM-PAI is. It's not even a percent. So you can use solve. So I forgot to update this. Now we have a solve set module. So you can, yeah, solve should, as you might have realized by now solving equations would be a imparted part of a symbolic of a computer algebra system. Say you have a complicated equation. So you just pass it to solve and you give the parameter with respect to which you want to solve. So you'll return the values.  Now how is it different from solve? What solve does is, here you can see, you can take a equation and you are solving it. It returns you values. Say now you pass sine x. Our previous solve used to just return 0. Say sine x equal to 0 is the equation you want to solve. Our previous solve, this solve returns only x equal to 0. If you pass it to solve set, what it does is it returns all the values possible. You can guess that there are, for sine x equal to 0, there are infinite values possible. So solve set does that. So if you desolve is a differential equation solver. So you can pass a function and it solve the differential equation for you. You can verify that if this is fine. And you have a matrix, we have a matrix module. So if you, this function gives the Eigen values. And the last one is the Bessel transformation. I think it converts, it's converting Bessel function to a spherical Bessel. It's rewriting in a spherical Bessel form. So this is just to highlight the, highlight how simple it is and how extensive it is. So simply as a following modules, you have the core capabilities of writing equations, manipulating expressions. You have polynomials, calculus, combinatorics, discrete maths. There's also geometry, there's physics. Physics, I find very interesting in SimPy. There's also quantum physics which is, which is still at a very beginning stage. There's not much implemented. So people are working on that. And there is a spin-off project from SimPy called PyDye. So there's a developer called Jason Moore. So he's a physics professor. And he's working with Python Dynamics. So you all might have come across this free body diagrams and all that. So you can solve mechanics using Python. So he has, he's working on that. So there's statistics, cryptography, parsing, and printing. So printing also is, if you want Unicode, Latex or XML, even XML is there. So, and why Sim, SimEngine 1. If I'm telling you that SimPy is so good and there are so many modules implemented and there's so much time spent on it, why was SimEngine born? So Python too slow, this is one reason. And this cannot be blamed as such. SimPy is fast enough, even though it's pure Python, SimPy is astonishingly fast enough. So you can pretty much do most of your manipulations that you need. But still, there are places you find that if you, if the same optimization was done in a C++ code, how good you would be? So if the same algorithms were implemented in a C++ code, you would be much better off. So we found the need to speed up. So you can, SimPy is great as such, but if somebody else is working on a faster project, then it's pretty cool. So we, what we found is the Pythonic interface is awesome. So we, that's why all of us are here. We all love Python. So we didn't want to move away from that. So the plan was this. So write the core in C++ and use it from a Python interface. So all you have to do is write the algorithms in C++ and use, wrap it, wrap it using Python. So once, then you can always, you import it from the shell. So, so as such, the idea of Simengine is you rewrite the, at least now when you start up, you rewrite the core capabilities in C++. Then you have Python wrappers. So you can, anyways, use it from the Python shell. And once you have this, you can, you can always replace this core by the SimPy core. So you can always pass this as optionally to SimPy. And SimPy, then the other modules of SimPy would be pretty fast. So that was the whole idea of why Simengine was born. So now Simengine has been in development for quite a few years. Last two years, it participated in Google Summer of Code. So we got multiple modules implemented. So Simengine is the same idea of SimPy, but everything is in C++. So the internal code, C++ file of Simengine would look like this, where you have to declare pointers to expressions and it's not that clean. So this is still pretty clean. The code gets uglier if you see the source files. And to say, to say add and all that you, now the operators are not overloaded. And we don't, and as a practice, we don't overload operators in C++. So anyways, if you're writing a Python wrapper, so in the Python wrapper, you can always say that A plus B is add of A comma B. So internally, what we do is we just use function. We don't use operator overloading as a practice. And this RCP, if you're seeing, RCP is just a pointer. So this is equivalent to doing basic star x equal to. But what is RCP? RCP is a reference counter pointer. So here what happens is, say in pointers, once you have a huge C++ library, then you might find yourself in segfoils and all that. Debugging becomes a pain. And you might not know where you're going wrong. But RCP is a reference counter pointer. You can never segfoil with RCP. So what it does is every new stack, whenever there is a new copy done, it increases the reference. So by the end of the stack, if the references become zero, then it relocates itself. So RCP is pretty cool. So when writing a C++ library, this is the first thing you have to take care of. You have to follow the right practices. Else you'll just be stuck. So Symbiongyn is not as exhaustive as Sympi as of now. So we have the basic capabilities. So as I said, since you have Python wrappers implemented, you can use Symbiongyn from the Python shell. So we still don't have the beautiful printing that we had then. So here the printing is just the expressions. So here it's the same thing. It looks like Sympi now. You can declare symbols. And once you have equations, you can expand them and all that. So say a equation like 2x plus y whole square in a symbolic system, it never simplified on its own. A symbolic system never simplifies on its own unless you tell it to. So else, what happens is say you're doing algorithm. Else in every step will simplify and the algorithm goes off, it becomes really slow. So what it does is once you get a symbolic expression, it never simplifies on itself. So if I just did 2x plus y square, it is just 2x plus y square. If I tell it, you have to expand it or you have to simplify it, it'll expand.  And the next equation is the same. And the last one is the rational. So 1 by yz minus yz into yz. So it comes to be 1 minus y square z. This is the basic arithmetic. And there are modules are very few now. So last year in GSOC, a student called Tilina had implemented number theory and matrix module. These are by far the best modules as of now in Symmingen. So once you have Symmingen, you can... Here you have the basic combinatorics. I think binomial 5, 2 gives 10. That's the 5, 2, 2 if you have done combinatorics. So divides tells if 2 divides 5. Now divide 5, 2 returns false. And these are the number theory functions. Prime factors of 100 returns 2, 2, 5, 5. And prime factor multiplicities of 90 is 2. Once you factorize 90, you get 2 power 1 into 3 power 2 into 5 power 1. Yeah, that's the... And what is integer 2? How is it different from the plane 2? Integer 2 is a symbolic 2. So say you have rational objects in Sympi. You have rational objects in Python. They are different from rational objects in Sympi. So say you do 3 by 2, you get 1.5. But there 3 by 2 is kept as 3 by 2. And all the operations are done as it is 3 by 2. And let's see this. Generate prime. It uses the sieve algorithm. I don't remember. Iranos or something like that. I don't remember. Yeah. So sieve genera... The torsion functions. These are the number theory functions. The torsion function is number of... I don't exactly remember. The number of numbers which are less than a number and... It's basically... It comes from the Fermat theorem. A power 5 of 1 is congruent to 1 mod 5 or something like that. 1 mod A. So there is a matrix module. So this is just the basics. So you can create matrices. And you can find the inverses. You can add. And there are decomposition algorithms implemented and all that. So basically introduction to matrix would be this. Matrices are basically of two types. So say you have a big matrix. And beforehand, whenever you deal with real life problems, in most... In some cases, you come across cases where beforehand itself, you know that most of the entries are 0. So and the rest are 1. There are very few entries which are filled with 1. So these are called sparse matrices. And there are matrices where you don't know beforehand anything and or else most of them are full. So those are called dense matrices. So if you know sparse matrices, you have better algorithms. You can do things faster. So that's why we... There is always two different classes implemented in computer algebra system. One is a dense matrix and one is a sparse matrix. So once you have a matrix, you can find the determinant inverse and all that. And you can also do solve equations. Once you have a matrix, if you have an equation in matrix form, you can always find solve the equation in matrix form. So once you implement matrix, beforehand you can solve linear equation. So that's it. And we have decomposition algorithms. If there's QR decomposition, LU, LDU and all that. There is also two special decompositions implemented. There's fraction-free decompositions implemented. So there is this fraction-free LU and fraction-free LDU. So people who are interested can go check that. So there's this paper written on that by University of Ontario, I think if I'm not mistaken. So you can check on that. Those are cool algorithms. Once say you have an equation and you find its inverse and most of them result in fractions. So and if you're manipulating them directly, things can get a bit slow. So this algorithm ensures that beforehand, if you inverse, you don't get fractions. So you can manipulate it faster. Then you can make the transformation again. So that's how this is done. So what plans do we have for SIM engine? So the plan is just write the core capabilities in C++ and have Python wrappers. Writing wrappers is considered equally important. So we are not just writing the C++ code and keeping the wrappers there it is. And somewhere after a long time, we write the wrappers for multiple modules. So wrappers are developed parallel because that also is of high priority to us. So once we write the wrappers, we can use it from SIM pipe. And if you are aware of SAGE, how many of you are aware of SAGE? Yeah, so people are aware of SAGE. So SAGE now uses SIM engine as a symbolic engine. So SAGE used to use GINAC and FINAC if you are, I don't know if you are aware of that. So SAGE uses SIM pipe as a symbolic engine, but as a symbol for the symbolic manipulation. But it also used to have GINAC and FINAC. Once we implemented this, this year's GSOC project was make SAGE use SIM engine. So now SAGE uses SIM engine. And eventually we want to implement many wrappers. So we want C, Julia, Ruby wrappers. The whole point is don't reinvent the wheel. So while developing this, take enough care that this is the fastest possible. And if it's not the fastest possible, this is just another computer algebra system. There are enough out there. We are taking care that it's the fastest possible. And once we have this, then multiple computer algebra systems can use this as its core. Once you have SIM engine very fast, you can call it, say if you develop MATLAB wrappers, you can call it from MATLAB and all that. So that's the whole idea of having this. So yeah, so we have the, now say we have the C++ code. We want to write the Python wrapper. We have a C++ function file. We want the interface. And we want to use it from Python. There are multiple solutions. This is a good enough list that I found. So there's this Python C API. You can write it by hand. If you have, I think if you have tried or had a look at this, it's very messy. So even to write a small function, you need py object and I don't know what. It's really messy. So it's not at all, it's not at all, it's not even an option to be considered for a proper C++ library. So there's pyreg, there's boost, Python, SWIG and SIP are very popular. And there are the rest. So you can use F2py is a Fortran to Python conversions, I think. And Cython is one solution and Cython is very popularly used. So don't confuse Cython with Cpython. Cpython is the core Python. Cython is the interface with which we develop wrappers and there's one more use. So we'll have a look at that. So Cython is the option that we are considering and we are using. So how does Simengine write wrappers to C++ code? So you have C++ code and we won't write the wrappers. So we use Python. So Cython is a blend of Python and C. So we'll have a look at the code. Once you have a look at the code, you will see why. So Cython, what Cython can do? There are two things where Cython is used. Say you have a Python code. So with very minimal changes, you can make it to Cython code. So once you have a Cython code, Cython can be compiled. So you have Python code, make minimal changes. It becomes Cython code, compile, execute. It is just Python and it's fast. It's very fast. So that's one use. And the other is you have C++ and you write a Cython code for that. What the Cython code does is it calls a C++ function and it returns and there you can define Python functions and call those C++ functions. So that's the interface. And then it just creates Python extension module. So you can just import it. So let's discuss the first thing first. So improving Python performance. So this is the example. This is courtesy to Kurt Smith. This example I took from a sci-fi talk. So improving Python for performance. So Python, say we have to calculate the Fibonacci. Everybody's aware of Fibonacci numbers. I'm assuming that. So you have to calculate Fibonacci numbers. So the Python function looks like this and the C++ function looks like this. It's pretty much the same. So I don't think in the number of operations it differs a lot if you check the complexity. So only difference here you can see is when you declare a comma b equal to 1 comma 1 in Python, you are saying that it's a Python object. So the precision there is huge. So it's a multi-precision. And here when you say int, you are limiting the precision. So the only place where it differs is knowing the type of a. In Python, the type of a is now here, the precision is not known. So it's multi-precision. So in Python, what you do is this just looks like Python code. It's pretty much the same. Except beforehand you say that a, i, and b are ints. So the overhead of this being multi-precision is reduced. So the multiplication in multi-precision is very slow. If you have used GIMP library, I think you would have come across this. So you declare to GIMP and you do a star b and do for two machine integers. Machine integers are pretty fast. So here the only difference is you just declare the type. Now this speeds up a lot. So say the Python performance is 1x. The C++ is 100x. And Cython is 80x, which is pretty cool. So we are happy with that too. So that's one advantage of this. So the underlying magic is say you have the Cython code. When you compile the Cython code, what it is actually doing is it's checking your code and it's making an equivalent C++ code, C code. So once you, I'll come to that, we'll see an exercise. So you can, it's making an equivalent C code and that C code is made into a Python extension module. So from your, you can import that model and use its functions. So let's try it. So I have the exercises here. So I don't think I can try all the exercises. So here you see. So there is, I have written Cython code. So this is just a C++ code except the function is you, you are telling the function the parameters. The parameters are in. Okay. This is just a Python function. The only thing different is you are telling its types. So and yeah, so let's test that. So is it faster than, is it faster than the Python code? So this is the test file that I'm writing. I'm defining, that was pi ad square. So it's a lame attempted pun. So this is pi square ad. So it's the same function just that you don't know the, don't know the types. So what I'm doing is the pure, I'm timing the pure version and I'm timing the Cython version. So let's see. So at first I'll have to compile. So how do you, Cython code is compiled. That's the advantage. So this is the standard script. So I don't think any single, if there's a single Cython file, I think this is the script that doing it. So Cythonize is converting the, as I said, it's converting the Cython to a C code. So let's do this. So good. So what, this is a setup minus IF is parameters for in place and force in place. What in place as it sets up in the same directory and force regardless of whether it has been compiled before, don't use a cache. So compile it forcefully. So let's see. Now I think we can run the test module. This is import error. Okay, wait. Okay, wait. I think, yeah. I think I figured it out. Let's see. So this is a test. So I think I'm not importing the, let's import. Import. What was the file name? Module. Oh, yeah. Okay, wait. I don't know what's going wrong. Maybe while writing the tests, I've been very careless. Okay, yeah. Cool. So let's, so from module, the first time I wrote it, I wrote it as hello world. Yeah, so if you can see, let's do this again. So the pure Python version is 0.23 seconds and the Cython version 0.06 seconds. So it's pretty fast. So that's one, one, one. The second thing, as I said, wrapping C++ code, this is of much import interest to us. So what you do is in your Cython code, you say a cdf extern from string.h, from the string.h, read the string.h and take in string length as a function. So, and you define a Python function get length. So what it does is takes a string and it calculates the string length. So calling it from Python is, you can import the module and you can get the length. So I have one more exercise for that. So let's see. So here, so I have a, say I have a math.c and it has a basic function add one, which takes a int and it adds one. You can, do I have a math.py? No, what else do I have? So I have PyMath. So what, PyMath is a Cython wrapper here. So what is PyMath doing? It's taking add one and it's defining a Python wrapper over that. So our setup, our setup is pretty much the same. So if you want to see how, how less it differs is the same thing. All that I changed was a Cythonize this. So let's see. So let's compile. If I import PyMath and if I do PyMath.py add one, if this is the function. So yeah, that's what. So this was a c++, math.c was just a c++ code and you have defined the interface and you're using it from Python. So that's what Cython is all about. So Symmension basically does this in a very large scale. So when you have to do this for classes, c++ classes and all that, it gets really, it gets really, it's not this simple, as it looks. So the contributors, so I would like to thank all the contributors, still a very small community. So on that site, it was the one who started Sympy back in 2006. He's the one who started a Sympy engine and is the lead developer now. And we have around, I don't know, 18 contributors if I'm right. So in the order of their first commits, these are the guys I would like to thank them all for contributing to Sympy engine. So what is the status? We have the basic manipulations. We have the matrix module. We have the function module which has a lot of functions. So and there's a number theory module and there's a polynomial module which is the crux of most of computer algebra systems. So I am currently working on that and we are taking a lot of time into the design decisions and all that. We wanted to be pretty fast. So we, unless it's fast enough than the one, unless we are already faster than the ones out there, there's no point proceeding further. So in the past two years, we had six GSOC students. When I put in the talk proposal, I had said that there has been no release of Sympy, Sympy engine. But we had the first beta relays very recently, version 0.1.0. This was done because we had to make sage use Sympy engine. So what are the plans, future plans? We have to complete polynomial module. Once the polynomial module is done, you can build on top of that. You can build multiple modules on top of that. Unless it's not there, there are very less you can implement. So once you have polynomial module, you can build on series expansion and you need pattern matching. Pattern matching is also a very important tool. So eventually, we are planning of having assumptions, multiple modules, wrappers to Julia. We have started wrappers to Julia. The work has been started. And we want a huge community. The Sympy community is of 400 members and around 400 members and something that huge would be cool. So the summary is, so that's it. So I hope you have understood what symbolic computation is all about. What it means to symbolically manipulate expressions and how is it different from numeric evaluation. And we spoke about Sympy and Sympy engine. The ideology is different. Why they were born and the whole point of having Sympy and the whole point of having Sympy engine is completely different and how Sympy engine can interact with Sympy using Cython. So I think there's one slide that I missed. So there's this slide. So it's already you can use Sympy engine for Sympy. So you can import Sympy, you can import Sympy engine. So say you have a Sympy symbol and a Sympy symbol. Instead of using a Sympy symbol, if you use a Sympy engine symbol, you are much faster. So you can already do that. So that's the plan. So that's it. So I would like the courtesy goes to Kurtzman. So for the example, the one example I took from a stock. SyPy 2015. That's it. Hope you enjoyed. So you can, these are my links. So GitHub, Facebook and email. So I would, as a part of Sympy team, I would like to thank Vijay and all the organizers for having us here. So firstly, he allowed the whole team to be there in the workshop too. So that's it. So you would see all the guys here. So if you want to talk, you can talk to me or any of the Sympy. So there's Harsh there. Harsh is a core developer of Sympy. He has been associated for the past two years. And he has also participated in SyPy this year, SyPy US. You can talk to him. So anything you want to know about the community, about the code? Yeah? OK. So are you guys using anything from C++? We are actually. You guys? We are using C++. The problem is we are still aiming for multiple compilers. We are aiming for Windows, Mac and Linux support with Visual Studio and all that. So most of the times, these constructs themselves are not supported. So usually we, it's so minimal that if Visual Studio doesn't support, whatever Visual Studio is supporting Sython does. That I'm sure of. The reason I was asking was because I felt that like shared pointers, auto pointers you can use for, you know. No, we don't use RCP. We don't have auto pointers as of now. OK, OK. I was just wondering. Yeah, I'm not aware of the Sython internals, but we don't have that in our code that I'm sure of. OK. The second question is, again, since we're talking about dense and sparse matrices, do you guys, I mean, have you compared any comparison with, say, you know, Laplace, Atlas or LAPAC, the numerical linear algebra ones that are out there just to see, you know, how they compare? That is a linear algebra library, right? Yeah, because you guys are also doing, I thought, when you said decomposition, I think, so that sort. So no, no, I don't think we have yet benchmarked, but it would be cool to benchmark. So we have just benchmarked with the Gainac, Sage and Piranha, and Piranha is pretty fast. So we are, once we build that, we'll explore, but I would like to benchmark. You know, I mean, of course, go ahead and it's very welcome that you're trying to benchmark it against Fortran libraries. But talking about something that's already there in closer to Python, have you tried comparing the performances against the SciPy sparse, SciPy dot sparse model? No, no, no, I don't think so. OK, and actually I had another question. Could you go back to the slide where you showed three examples? Yeah, yeah, yes. Python C++ and Scython, the same problem. So yeah, the ones who don't have questions, you can leave, but yeah, I hope you had fun. So yeah, what did you want? Yeah, you said something about multi-precision here. Yeah, so A is one. You can also do A equal to 10 per, say, 50 in Python. It doesn't matter. But in C++, you can't do that for integers. So integers, you know how much bits it's taking. And say this manipulation results in something very huge. Python can handle that C++ won't. So you're restricted there. But since you're restricted, it's also faster. It knows that once you declare it, you're using just that space. You don't have to change your space. In Python, you might have to. So the code can get slower. OK, thank you.  Cool. Question here. So the C++ code that you mentioned, is it multi-threaded or it is multi-threaded? No, no, we are still in single-threaded. But piranha is multi-threaded. So it's very hard to beat it. But that's what I wanted to say. Piranha is multi-threaded. Still we are pretty close to it. So that's pretty cool. So the problem with multi-threaded is the compiler support. That's what we are worried of. Anybody else? So yeah, else you can meet me out. So thanks. Hello. Guys, a big round of applause to our speaker right now.