That's okay. I Know how it is sometimes with party So I'm giving the talk what's up in the land of the Linux kernel You might wonder is it guy standing there actually a reliable source and if you look at the kernel commits He's not I actually have I Have actually two two commits in the kernel and the third one is actually on the way to for the part 5.1 And these are actually quite small commit The third one is actually on the way. That's a proper comment So that's the reason why you should run out of here immediately The reason why you should stay is that I'm covering the Linux kernel as a journalist For about 15 years now I'm doing it quite throughout Lee actually. I'm because I'm a journalist for German computer magazine Quite well-known German computer magazines. We still have those there and Actually, my stuff was translated to English On the open for a while, but that closed down a few years ago, but some of you might remember it The other reason why I might be considered a reliable source is because I'm was or I am involved in In the Linux kernel development a little bit. I did regression tracking for the Linux kernel That's so if you had a problem and told it to kernel developer Sometimes they get they fell through the cracks and I tried to make sure they are not forgotten But it did it did that in the spare time and right now I don't find time for it I hope hopefully I find time for it again Maybe soon or later even somebody might pay me a little bit for to do that. We may maybe then I can find more time But anyway, we are here to listen on and learn about what's happening in the Linux kernel a quick orientation That the Linux kernel development is working like a world tuned engine that are actually not my words That's what Jonathan Corbett from LWM net always said I've it's fitted quite well that's why I picked it up and To show that the new Releases of the Linux kernel come out every nine weeks and sometimes if there's some big problems or something then it might take a week longer And even rare occasionally rare occasions It might take even 11 weeks Each of the new kernel brings about 13,500 changes sometimes one or two thousand more sometimes a little bit less and on average The current Linux kernel sources grow by about 300,000 lines each release And I think we are above the 25 million lines of code limit these days You might know this paid from the Linux from kernel.org that shows what's Actually cooking to get get into a little bit more detail is Linux 5.0 is under development Small reminder 5.0 sounds like a big new version, but it's not it's just another main for for thought 21 it's just like if the second number grows too big if Linus He says always if he if he has not enough fingers and toes to count then he switches the first number So 5.0 is an ordinary kernel even if there's a zero in it The release is actually expected at the February 25th, or maybe a week later For the 20 is the latest Linux kernel right now or for that 20.5 to be precise Actually was merged into Linux into Fedora 29 about a week ago as a proper update and Fedora 28 gets is right now. It's in testing so it will get it soon 5.19 is the latest long-term kernel long-term constant normally gets released get supported for about two years The 4.20 is maybe just for me three months about supported, but for that 1942 years Because it's a long-term kernel Actually, it will be used in Debbie and 10 Buster which some of you might might use and because it's used there It's likely that Debbie and maintainer will pick up the support for this kernel and give it Supported till Debbie Debbie and 10 is supported That's basically five to six years about that's at least what happened in the last few times And there are actually a few kernels that Linus kernel developers and themselves Support for six years these days you can find information about that on Kindle.org if you want to know more Well eight which is in beta right now if you're curious the car that's based on Linux 4.18 actually It was already modified like like it's all always the case for a rail Upstream actually this car is not supported anymore But that doesn't matter much to a redhead they support the kernel themselves anyway So what's happening in the Linux kernel work recently as I said well tuned engine, but there were a few hiccups recently One of them that was directly in the kernel. It was more related That was in January and set of us on Linux stopped working the first pre-release from Linux 5.0 and And That's happened due to some housekeeping tasks the Linux kernel developers will remove something set of s on Linux needs something related to using your the floating point unit in your CPUs and That's that happens sometimes Because set of s on Linux is under a different license from the kernel. It can't get merged into the kernel proper and and The kernel developers us don't care what set of s on Linux does and then that's why they remove this It's something set of s on Linux has to deal with Actually, they what they removed there's some some replacement for it, but it's exported on with a special tech so it's only legal to use it for modules that are GPL license or GP compatible to GPL and Yeah, that's why set of s on Linux can't use it work up work around for set of s on Linux is under discussion what It hasn't been much. I haven't checked in the last two or three days yet, but I don't think it was The thing is because you can't use the FPU anymore might have a performance impact because they use the floating point unit for check summing But maybe the performance impact won't be that big But it's a good reminder why we lying on set of s on Linux has grisks So you should think about it a little bit more than it's instead of blindly using it While talking about this GPL exports for the Linux kernel I want to mention Linux 5.0 removes another exports or a few few other Exports that are used for that are Important for heterogeneous memory management. That's basically What a lot of you might heard have heard from AMD with the fusion stuff like all the different chips in your computer That have their own memory to make a big giant giant address space so it's easier to move things around and to From a CPU for example to get data from your GPU memory and And that's what a HMM is for and there was also an export that they could use up till now and that was changed so to make it only available to GPL modules and So that will be important for GPL It got nearly no attention But it might be more important than the set of s on Linux stuff because the NVIDIA stuff is important and HMM is for a high-performance computing Artific artificial age Intelligence and machine learning remains to be seen how that works out and what's even more important and unusual This exports were changed in retrospect because they existed and they would change to GPL exports and That's normally not not the case that normally doesn't happen Normally, that's only if you do do some housekeeping some improvements in the linear problem You can change that but in this case it wasn't like that for for some reasons that I explained an LWN that if you want if you're curious But these GPL exports were actually were back ported So even older kernels like 4.4.14 and 4.19 now get removed remove these exports and Might break some use case and video might have wanted to Use the Linux kernel for actually it doesn't break the graphics driver right now because the HMM stuff is not Finished there yet. That's why it's not built up to now another hiccups that recently happened with the well tuned engine is block corruption Buck that was in 4.19 that actually happened in November and was a hard to trigger Buck in the Linux kernel when you have under under low memory restrictions or something like that There was something that written probably to disk and some corrupt corruption occurred in the beginning It was suspected that it was an X4 buck but it turned out to be something the block layer What I want to say about that is yeah, it's nothing to see here bugs happen get fixed. Please move along. That's some The kernel developers You can't stand still they have to do and make improvements and And sometimes things will get wrong because in this case it was really hard to trigger so it's Think like that happen you have to have to be prepared for that and we all have backups don't we do you For me it was at least a good reminder to take my back up strategy Don't let the scare you off There will always be bugs and if nobody tests this carls throughout Lee Nobody will find that those bugs and the kernel will get worse in any way So just make sure you have back ups and don't get scared and try these modern kernels in production even There was another hiccup recently is also November that was performance problem a big one made the news and was Mentioned a lot of internet websites that happened due to improved specter v2 migrations. You remember this this big performance bugs Security bugs that are in a lot of modern CPUs that were found about one year ago early last year and there was an improvement to this mitigation thoughts that got back ported a little bit quickly and That's made the performance worse. So it was even in 4.19 4.14 Fall fall about one week or something. It got reverted there in the end The story is the kernel developers already had worked on even more improvements in this area So then those patches were revisited quietly turned around and changed quite heavily The performance was restored the mitigation afterwards is even better and the Mitigation patches were even back ported too. So everything is fine What the kernel developers learned from it that they are In cases like this keeping an eye towards performance to make sure something like that doesn't happen again right for line. Yeah The question was about the performance impact of the inspector v2 migration actually we and later in the talk I'm talking about this and But I can talk about this now They are right now in Linux 5.0 to afford to make the specter of v2 mitigation have less overhead Some technique in the networking layer benefits from it and UDP package performance also gets gets bigger and they're actually two more two more improvements that kernel developers are working on to reduce the overhead of the red poline stuff that Introduce the performance problem, but in the end it's there is a bug in your CPU You if you try to work around it by software, it will get slower. That's It's unavoidable unavoidable. You can only try to reduce the impact as much as possible Yeah, let's move on to the next Hiccup that was Linus break and the code of conduct. I think most of you have heard about it That's why I'm not going too much into the details. That was in September October made the news sites throughout the up and down Linus took a break to rethink his behavior towards others because with other developers He was quite blunt sometimes like that that was in August Actually, I found that really really funny But I was raised with Monty Python because that's if you if you see this down here. It's it's a quote from The Holy Grail and if you know that movie you will get that and you know what he's referring to but some people I mean the modern generation. I Would hope they learn about Monty Python, but I don't think they do so it will get people will get that wrong and It's just one example To be precise, I think Linus Thomas improved his behavior in the last few years a lot already And I think if you're making such jokes before among friends, that's not a problem The problem is you're doing it in public and there are lots of websites Yeah, it's it's a complicated topic as you said some people that are not involved come up and and require changes But I get to that. Yeah, wait a moment. I'm getting I'm getting to that Actually, the thing is Linus when when he moved he put a code of conduct in place as you know, they are Pretty popular these days in this conference some for on many countries other conference have one these days and actually left for a while back for a hard man took over and When he did that a lot of bike shedding and concern Came up there were reddit threads that was so big and when the websites news sites reported about this and lots of concern But also the concerns were sometimes from people that are also not involved in the Linux kernel But so people people that wanted that the little kind of implies a code of conduct There were not always members of the current community and there were People that require said they know no code of conduct. It was also not not Part of the kernel community within the kernel community within the core team of the kernel developers is what the Discussing was also heated but not that that much anyway The discussion worked somehow and it was the code of conduct was fine-tuned a little bit and the surroundings were fine-tuned there was an document added to Explain how the code of conduct is work and there's a mediator now if there's something happening and Yeah, that's how it is that was the improvements came added to the kernel to Fordot, oh, what was it 19 19 right before it was finished and Linus came came back as planned Yeah, it didn't Silence the discussion there was still concerns and bike shedding But in the end one is perfect if you would switch to a from one maybe from MIT license to GPL There were discussions always that's always the case and the thing is the Linux kernel developers accord team There was a kernel maintainer so some it recently in October Pretty much said it will stay at it is for now and we see how it works out and in the end it's a signal like we are friendly here and That's important these days because due to the males like the one I showed you earlier Linux kernel has a bad reputation that needs to change because times change and The Linux we are all not like 10 or 15 years ago Code of conduct kind of is important these days and to give an example However, this is also from Monty Brian Monty Titan who knows this I guess That's that's from life of Brian where she says from now and I want you to call me Loretta That's a quite popular scene from that movie and But I guess they wouldn't do that today Because things change back in the 70s when that movie was made you could make fun of people that said Hey, I want you to call me Loretta. You wouldn't do that these days anymore. I mean you can but I don't think you would because it's not not For two days well, it's not appropriate anymore And that's the same with the code of conduct in the Linux kernel and in the end remember if problems of the code of conduct Come up it can always be Revisit because it's still the old wanted to say old Same old trusted people in control. It's and if there's something with some problem with Linus and Gregor Hartman can say Okay, we change this to get to solve a situation Where where the code of conduct turns out? To not work as intended so don't worry too much about it So that were already 10 20 minutes about the limit colon Quick distraction. Why am I here? Few guys might know I Me from the old days like for door like 20 years ago I did a lot of work in for our ex suspect then when we had cool effects on the desktop. That was actually fedora for six and Was the first non-fascot chair not working for it had and did a little bit and apple and rpm fusion bring up And these days I'm doing not that much anymore for for door as I said I'm doing the regression tracking that takes a lot a lot of time. I'm also having a badminton club I have to manage and my regular work also So there's not much time anymore, but I'm still quite interested in redhead and fedora. That's why I'm here The one thing I'm still doing for fedora is I'm building Vanilla kernels for fedora and not doing isn't not doing isn't a couple I'm doing it actually publishing them on people dot fedora project for dog There's actually a page in the wiki that shows how you can can use those kernels and Actually, it's an easy way to simply run more up-to-date kernels Like run the latest mainline colon like 5.0 right now to check if there are bugs In there that the current developers can fix Actually, if you use that the fedora kernel will benefit from it because if it's fixed early the bug won't happen Won't actually will never show up in regular fedora because it will use those kernels later Actually, you can also use those repositories to check if the bug is fixed in a newer version Or check if the bug you're seeing with fedora is present upstream to be able to report the bug upstream in case you want it It looks like this looks a little bit complicated because you There are like four different rep for streams for different for for the current Fedora releases if you want to Get into the details. What's what? look at the wiki and Basically, it's two commands to enable and be an effort will do the lack work later It will simply update the latest kernel and if you google or another use such search And then if you google for fedora Kernel vanilla repositories you will find this page that explains all the details and has an FAQ FAQ that explains why it might be a good idea to use it or why not So that was a short distraction Now I'm getting a little Switching the gears a little bit now. I'm showing you what's happening in the linux kernel right now I have a lot of slides as you already noticed and I Won't make it through all of them about if we can stop at any time It's kind of a worldwide view view from 10,000 feet or even higher to see what's up and to look at some interesting points like where we are now and but As is even there and will be pretty brief sometimes It's basically to show you a few errors where you might want to look a little bit closer If you're interested and I'm trying to look back and looking ahead a bit depending on what it is so networking One of the we're about distractions. I think I need something for my voice so in networking one of them Hot topics right now is wire guard. That's a promising new VPN tunnel solution like open VPN or IPsec to connect different systems and It's I won't go too much into the details. It's stateless That's important if you switch from one network for the other the VPN will will will stay There won't be any Service outage. There's easy configuration deep integration in linux Quick reconnect a lot of benefits and if you want to know a little bit more about this There's an ask technical article about it If you Google for wire guard ask technical you will find it And actually the one interesting thing is line is actually what he normally doesn't is Actually stated on a public mailing list that he likes it and wants to see it merged That was already in August last year. It's still not merged The reason for that it's this wire guard is only I think three or four thousand lines of code and But it relies on new crypto library for the linux call that's called sync and That is way bigger. I don't know how much lines of code it is but It's basically creates a new API in the crypto subsystem in the linux condom and the crypto Maintainers don't like that too much because they don't want to manage two APIs So they have to find a way to integrate those two and that takes time if you're interested in more There's an LWN that article about this. It's from October or November. I think since then didn't much happen, but I think in new version actually is up for Seems to come out for reviews soon. So maybe there will be some things moving ahead soon package filtering or firewalls as everybody says Remember NF tables or NF with the tool NF tape for configuration It was started in 2011 and really worked on since 2013 a lot of people said made Made a lot of people say hey that never really lifted off But it lifts off now. It's slowly and silently especially takes over and One way how that works is IP tables use IP tables tools package these days installs the NF tables and legacy Tools in parallel and actually sets a link So if you're calling IP tables, you in fact might like in this case, it's using alternatives Using the IP tables version that's Using the NF table stuff in the Linux kernel. So you might have switched to NF tables without noticing it and Actually, that's in progress firewall and the 0.6 actually Switched to NF tables already and there were some problems with lip weird and Docker integration That's why open susan tumbleweed and fedora 29 switched back to using the legacy IP tables and tools But well eight Debbie and ten Will actually use the NF table stuff by default and fedora is also looking into it Then I'm not sure about the time frame. I thought it was fedora 30 But might be that it's fedora 31 that will make the switch you as I said You won't notice much of this But if you're running a big firewall, you might want to part your you your rules because if you're porting your rules to NFT you might have additional benefit benefits because NFT and the syntax is a lot more efficient You might think about might have heard about BP filter. That's a new New filtering technique for the Linux kernel So you might think hey, why should I port my my rules from IP table syntax and NFT NFTs syntax these days if there's a new contender on the horizon already thing is BP filter is not much more than a proof of concept right now and So there's still a lot a lot of work to be done before it can be used for firewalling and The important thing for for for the consideration if you want to part your rules. It's changes BP filter changes internals So in the end you can use today's NF tables NFT tools and IP table tools to work with the BP filter So you don't need to worry too much about the BP filter if it's really starting off and and and getting Becoming a shooting star you can use your rules and tools like you do today and you will have the benefits from the NFT syntax with With BP filter as well. That's how it looks right right now as I said, it's Working changes internals and the code is actually Looking at the packages that are coming in it's actually a Customized code that's generated on your on your on your system with a Local compiler that looks at the rules and then creates a program that does exactly what you want that avoids overhead and makes it so quick that's one of the reasons why it's so interesting and That code for example, it doesn't exist yet. That's actually still the plan How that's that's supposed to work. So remains to be seen if that Works out, but it really promises quite quite a lot of performance improvements. I Mentioned this BBF or eBPF Without explaining it really and it's basically a small VM in the linux kernel that was all added over the past few years VM like a Java VM not a GVM VM So it's basically code that you can can run within the linux kernel, but the thing is You can write those programs easier than kernel code You actually can write those programs on demand or by the other tools and that makes things much more flexible And that's what's why it's important for example for the BPPF case because That's compiled with a specific user space helper on demand But the really new thing is this user space helper to generate your firewalling code basically This can be shipped with the linux kernel in a specific module that has kind of a own user space That's a little bit complicated. It's like You have another root partition where only is a compiler for this Code in it and that If an appables or IP tables roots come in this code will generate an eBPF program and then we'll back Upload this in the kernel. That's quite a new concept And remains to be seen how that works out and in the end it's The effect is the boundaries change Linux becomes more flexible and and it Not that traditionally at anymore. It's not a monolithic kernel. It gets even far away from it and they actually even talks about Using file systems in the fuses file to run those in in eBPF because that also promises to be have performance improvements It also allows pushing things out of the kernel on a dedicated error But which is still under control of the linux kernel developers and not under the control of the linux distributors We may have to be seen how that all works out. Some people say it's The linux kernel gets a more micro kernel like Maybe it is maybe maybe it will maybe it won't we can talk about this again in 10 years time would have The important thing from now the eBPF Is used in more and more places. That's something That's if you haven't heard about it, you might want to keep an eye on because it's so important and Used in more and more places. That's why it gets mentioned so often during the talk and to give an example Or how that looks like there was a linux plumber's conference recently That's one of the most important news conferences in the world where developers get together and they were actually Didn't count but it doesn't Talks just about the eBPF and what it can be used to what can be used for tracing Networking and and a lot of other stuff. I'll get through it in the talk if you Google for LPC to 10 2019 and eBPF you will find this page about it's also mentioned on the slide below and Slides go online Anyway, so you can just look there Networking again XDP is also a hot topic That's XDP is a kind of expressed It stands for express data pass and it's a network path path That relies heavily on eBPF it basically allows you for example to write when the Package comes in to your computer on the network card before it's really forwarded to the network stack in the linux card To drop to look at the package and say drop this forward this revise this or send this send it to some application and that's Makes it a lot That can improve the performance a lot To handle specific cases and all the other Packages you don't get on that this level get through the normal and networking stack and sus Get handled there normally That's really quite interesting that network developers do a lot of them Facebook uses this for example a psyllium Catran psyllium is a container Networking technique that's also usually heavily relying on it. It seems They are popping up use cases for XDP all the time these days and you can say see that also on on the linux plumber's conference program there was recently the networking track and As you can say see not every second, but nearly every second talk was about bp Xtp there here are a few examples If you want to these these talks there abstracts There and some of the video recordings are on the web if you want to look into this stuff You can it's a great resource to learn what's happening there the most important thing right now. That's happening. There is Zero copy support for AF Xtp. That's a technique used by That's Technique at on kind of for it that that uses Xtp to get raw packages right through from the car Bypass the network stack and get it into the your application and To speed up processing as you as I said for packages you're interested in That's might sound familiar to some of you. There's a data plane development in DB decay making a lot of Getting a lot of attention in the last few years and together with a Xtp. That's might be possible that This gets more under control of the currently again because DB decay is Kind of strange sometimes because it's a real kernel bypass and the kernel developers don't like that too much storage As in kernels I own Is something where Linux has a bad reputation on in the windows world is quite normal and That's something where the developers are working right now as a polling infrastructure and That's it One developer recently Improved and actually this API is Kind of inspired by one or was used by similar in redhead advanced server 2.1 Who still remembers that was around there one? Yeah, even I I think rel 3 was the first I had contact with So so long ago Yeah, but they're really important change right now is still in work in progress. That's this I owe you ring It's a user space ring that's a structure to exchange data between the kernel and user space program using a ring buffer and That's cooking for like one or two months these days So it's really earlier not much in the kernel, but it looks like we'll make AI or proper first-class citizen in the limbs called because it's quicker easier to use and less quick less quirks and That seems to be really promising and it's also an answer to get to avoid or Bypass technicals is a storage performance start development kid is also kind like the dbdk I mentioned earlier where some app Actually bypasses the kernel And just I owe technique is supposed to to be the answer to that to make sure the kernel Stays in control. That's where we like it or where the kernel developers like it But I said it's still young and work in progress. There's an LW and the article about this simply go there Storage what also changes is You might have heard about CFQ and deadlines some schedule us for your For your storage device they actually vanish with a linux 5.0 And they actually vanish with rel 8 to because the changes that are responsible for that are also in rel 8 and Actually, not only those schedule us vanish They actually old legacy IO path and the block layer got Removed because there was a new block layer infrastructure Created over the past few years. It's called block multi-Q block MQ because That was important for the one NVM E SSDs showed up because you have to use multiple threads and multiple CPUs to get the performance out of these and that's why this Stack was created and that's now used everywhere and Then you schedule us for it. It's called one is called B of Q and the others called MQ deadline They also have new tuning knobs. So if you really into Storage performance, you need to learn new tuning knobs If you just want to use it your old school SSD might benefit from from the Multi-Q architecture and your HDD might benefit from the new scheduler And normally I talk a lot about file systems here. I'm doing this talk nearly every year and for example last year I Mentioned there was an xvf XFS revamp in the works What makes? That adds some cool features from butterf s to XFS That's slowly progressing processing not much talk about right now It's the same with buckers as there's mainly fine tuning these days the file systems space What's interesting right now is word IO FS and it's a local file system exchange between VMs and the host or other VMs Some might know about P9 Which is used for that was it 9p 9p or P9 I kind of mix it up Yeah, 9p. Oh, thanks And whether you FS makes this more efficient that sounds really promising and something also overdue But it's also quite early. I think it was posted early December and That's remains to be seen What also was also what was already added to the car is some diagnostics infrastructure That's called PSI or pressure stall information Nobody can remember this I guess What you want to remember is it's a proc load average on steroids So it's really if you have used load average to see hey my why is my machine slow? Okay, or use too much you it doesn't help you see it's use that much of it You don't know why and the cool thing about PSI is that CPU mem and IO are separated That looks a little bit like this and it's a bit strange in the beginning Here our for example is in the top line is the CPU already It's a CPU just like a load average you have the 10 seconds 60 seconds or 300 seconds And it actually says how much the system was stalled and Didn't get to run the CPUs you the processors he wants to wanted to use So the process had to wait and there you can for example if the CPU was overloaded you will see that this line and Now you can actually see Thanks to PSI if I owe our memory are the problem because this stats are here for for this IO and memory also and The thing is you don't have This some line here, it's called like like some some processes Got got stalled and didn't do we're not able to do their IO and had to wait then it's added to that line and in the full line It's actually if basically nearly all Processes got stalled because there was so much load and if the full line It's really has high numbers here And then the next it's actually Pretty likely that your machine will lock up soon because the con is has so much work and In its queue for IO and can't get it fine find time for it and that It's pretty likely to lock up Yeah, how much time do we have trend? Okay? Yeah What one minute then let that it was planned like this that I can Jump to the end at any time one thing That's also in the works right now is that real-time news are tea patches Few of you might have heard of that's basically at the real-time Capacity to the Linux kernel It looks like those patches actually will get mainline this year They're working on on on those patches for about so 15 years right now to make Linux and real-time operating system and The current developers are not finished yet, but they're also Preparations for the time after already if you want to know more about that Yeah, there's was a talk at the embedded limbs conference Europe and and and October last year Which explains to what what is still missing what the current developers want to add over the year before the next long-term colonel comes out and It's a lot of good Source to to understand what's up there what real-time actually is because real-time doesn't make Small reminder real-time doesn't make your system faster. It makes it predictable when something happens to and actually some things might get slower Due to real-time for example, I all regular I all might get slower to make sure The real-time tasks are running within the deadline So it's kind of you can't have everything at once you have to slow down something to get some Other things as some other benefits in a different place if you take a ways Want to know more about this stuff use the search engine? There's Lots of more details about this actually this presentation has a bit more slides It will go online. You can look up what I wanted to talk about if I had more time and It's pretty self-explanatory But the main important things is networking it's VPN stuff the wire got stuff is really cooking xdp is Quite important changing a lot of things might might be really Something that's pretty normal in two or five years from now that everybody will use In storage, it's asynchronous IO and the block MQ changes that are important Both like just like the xdp stuff. It's our solutions against kernel bypass technic is That the kind of developers don't like that much as I said EBPF is involved in this quite a lot. It changes changes the kernel quite a lot EBPF is also used doing for a lot of tracing stuff I didn't have time to go into that details But also quite interesting there were also talks about this yesterday So look up the videos later on on the on the web from the room yesterday It's quite a lot of things to learn Security is also never-ending story like I mentioned with the spectra stuff as I said improvements in the work to get To to to make sure the performance gets back Yeah, don't fear the code of conduct. It's not as bad as a lot of people might Want to make it sound and one thing to take away is developer development in this kind of does not slow down. It's really Watching millions gone for 15 years and it's really quite happening quite a lot I could talk for maybe three or four hours if I had the time But I then all of you would be boring and sleeping here. That's way too much if you want to keep up I can only suggest Follow LWN nuts at the LWN net as I've grabbed to it It's really a good source to know what's cooking in the Linux kernel and related areas And you might want to follow me on on social media Actually have an account dedicated to kernel stuff. That's a kernel logger account It's actually on Twitter and also on friendica and friendica can be used from mastodon on diaspora as well Actually, that's just one of six accounts. I maintain I'm a bit crazy, but I'm a Google plus refugee and there you had collections to to sort the stuff You're talking about and that way I won't Know you a funny cat pictures in the kernel stuff because I'm having a dedicated account for that Yeah, that's it Please provide feedback. Tell me if you liked it what you didn't like and leave feedback for the organizers They want feedback also Yeah, that's it. That's it By the way, that's what would have been slide 230 if I they hadn't skipped a few in the middle Are there any questions I make I did I make you tired and sleepy So the question there were actually two questions. You actually fear that the kernel is getting too big kind of and So yeah, the current growth that that's true And there are sometimes subsystems that are not that well maintains Maintained, but it long as long as those subsystems don't have security issues they are not a problem and The kernel is a size is also not not not a problem as because I mean if the source go go to 30 million lines or something in the end what matters is that you how you can configure your car to be dedicated to your use case and so that's what what matters and I think I need to leave it at that because that's a complicated topic. You can't get simply explained in one or two months one or two minutes and because it's It has benefit that's everything in the kernel and the set downsides and that coming to your second part of your question Actually, as you mean you ask about stuff. That's getting the boundaries change and ebpf makes things going to user land Linux kernel developers actually want stuff in the Linux kernel because having everything together is important like if you have say USB 4 comes out and Needs some changes in the subsystem how they work if you have all the drivers together you can do these changes you can change the API because you have all the drivers in one place and That's why the kernel developers normally want everything in the kernel And that's also for example why the kernel developers with the BP filter stuff created this this mechanism to have some things and in modules to user space things in kernel modules and to keep us keep them under control because of this distributions and Control them then strings spread out and things start to stop Breaking so the kernel developers are normally interested to get as much stuff under their control as possible Okay, right any more questions No time time stacked How many processes? How much how much time processes got stuck because they were stored because they couldn't do it I owe because something else was doing I owe That's it's not easy to explain I actually had had to look up the documentation also and read a few minutes before I get got a handle of that Actually, it's in the kernel documentation read it up and then there's also an LWN net article about it and Actually was for Maybe it's of interest it was developed at Facebook and they use it to Increase the uptime of the servers because they can actually see when processes Going haywire and Before and kill kill it before it's a cash register system Ask me or I think it was on the all systems open System de-conference the video is on on YouTube when you if you look See you and you need to write me a mail and I can point you to it. Okay. We are out of time. Thank you Enjoy the conference


Everybody forced here we make a dual-case NBA 21-22 flawless and eminence number seven Results can be found anytime of late sports cards.com. We're gonna get started here We're gonna get started Going cardless in this break Would be unfortunate, but you would get a 2022 top scrimmage all-american basketball hobby box So you will get one of those if you go cardless. Let's start with flawless and finish with eminence Thanks everybody for filling this up I'm about to pull logo man because I haven't yet and this is the last dual-case, so About to pull logo man. I keep calling it the last few weeks, but this is it right here. This is my final my final call Get the lower acts on the box right there. There you go. That's my warm-up next one next one's a dime That was crazy Okay, so we've got a dual patch card nicks 11 to 15 a manual quickly two three-color patches IQ now we've got emerald legendary scripts go into the Blazers bill Walton one of five Grateful dead bill Walton That's famous for a lot of things Now it's the 15 Pacers auto Jalen Rose a lot of Jalen Rose out there TV's own Jalen Rose That's somebody probably say that you still have 16 and 19 to go on flawless one box zero number breaks later on everybody Go on and get those filled up There's a Lincoln chat for the for the first one right now Next up momentous auto nine of ten Jalen Brunson Mavericks nice Brunson Nick star now sorry three of ten not nine of ten three of ten for the Mavs That's a sweet Brunson Same type of card momentous gold auto this time is six of ten Hawks Dominique Wilkins the human highlight reel I am not sure. I'm not sure wellness Next up is that's nasty actually T-wolves on the star swatch signatures one of ten Carl Anthony towns Two-color jumbo swatch auto here Minnesota with the first mag of the break that's Junzi So this town's supposed to get traded. I know It's kind of like yeah, I'm not sure if he's gonna be back. Oh, that's sick, too I'll get another mag for a five pal gasol patch auto spurs Papa What are you saying? You're saying pal? Rookie auto one of 25 Evan Mobley normally these are encased. I don't know why this one's not There is a piece of like glue next to the auto right there We'll take a microfiber that lightly But I believe we're gonna have to send a box of wrapper with the mobly for the calves I am not sure why that's not in case Interesting, but that doesn't come off. We'll send a box of wrapper Who thought that Kevin never heard anything about that One of one diamond gem raptors Fred van Vleet Vleetwood Mac regret a van Vleet Diamond guarantee One of one emerald jumbo diamond on this one, too We'll send a box driver to the cab spot that would not come off that it looked like glue look like dried glue That's a great mobly, too And a horizontal patch auto the one of the Celtics is Jason Tatum Sick Tatum obviously game war because it's flawless two-color patch auto That was a pretty good box that was pretty good box I'm gonna be pulling mobly and it's not encased you get a one-on-one diamond a Tatum Pretty good pretty good Celtics 3 and 25 on the Tatum Empty I do not get manicures. Do you not against getting one? It just does don't I don't even know what do they do? You know if your cows isn't stuff. I don't need that I take it up here in my at my hand, you know, I mean Sean's afraid of that. He's afraid he's gonna get tickled. Oh real man. Yeah, he's really gonna get tickled by the Due construction So do you get them? Yeah, I imagine your hands are doing construction all call us up Got three of ten patch card down of a Mitchell for the jazz Remember how cows on my hands again. I would landscape with my uncle's and uncle in the summer First week to be all it'll be all beaten up and blistered in the next week. Oh, it's nice and countless. Yeah RPA 9 of 10 gold Luca Garza pistons Luca Garza pistons on the gold RPA Next up is in trying signatures Alex English nugs the 15 Doubles the hand model. No, I think we work enough. I don't need to have a side gig I Was anguish the 15 there you go nugs momentous gold auto 4 of 10 for the Rockets Kevin Porter, Jr. Or KPJ as some people call them and trying signatures gold to 10 is Clyde Drexler Clad glad with the Blazers couple of legends hit for the Blazers so far thunder horizontal patch rookie auto Trey man 21 of 25. I believe that's a name plate looks like the looks like the M Nice man. We'll get that one magged get this mag to Lakers 75th anniversary signature to 15 Carmelo Anthony live Carmelo autos is so awesome 75th anniversary auto Carmelo How do you know that so well Steven little I'm a little worried now How do you know the JC the 2023 spring JC penny catalog so well? You're on the list, buddy Got a 10th anniversary rookie auto Jonathan coming out at 25 dubs dubs dubs dubs Dramon going back. You guys think they keep Dreymond or they want to start to Work coming into a larger role Get the coming of magged 10th anniversary 10 years of ball. All right. All right. All right Hawks diamond gem to 20 deandre hunter a diamond guarantee It's true. Oh jeez Steve. All right. All right, Steve. Take it easy. Take it easy. Josh. You've ever watched yourself Stop Joshua jeez not a model you got Kate Cunningham 18 of 25 On the flawless patch auto rookie That's a big car for the piss and it's probably the biggest car to the brakes so far Jim D Pistons probably hanging over hanging out of gaming a lot Chris Paul of the Warriors is for sure interesting. I Mean, they did it to get rid of to get rid of the pool contract for sure though Here we go eminence time our last case of eminence. I didn't pull logo man So we're gonna have to pull some heat out of here. Yeah, it's been marinating for sure. I didn't pull logo man I'm sorry guys. I I called it. I thought for sure was gonna be it. Come on. Yeah, I'll read Dean We'll redeem it right here You playing in it I forgot that that's happening So he's gonna get a bunch of money then you come join some breaks I might watch Zoolander tomorrow, that sounds like a great idea. I'm just now in a minute I'm playing too much for it You're gonna make up it like like 12 30 I'll wake up at like eight watch that movie or probably watch three other movies And you'll be away Here we go. Let's that was it. That was it. I was in our right balls case pretty run-of-the-mill nothing huge huge huge So let's find something huge huge huge look dude. Oh god Don't look Thor's at home scared laying it is a You don't like it he's in our closet right now, but he's okay with it, but it was pretty intense all right, we're starting off with a Carmelo Anthony try ounce of fine silver going to the Lakers 4 of 6 Very nice card Lakers carmel couple Carmelo's for you Remember him tell me last year you don't that's pretty well. That's pretty far The poker player Where do we go now? What do we go now? Oh John Marant Grizzlies autograph to a five That's right Lakers legend Carmelo Anthony. There's John Marant Grizzlies stuff. I want definitely want to hang on to Kevin noise job If difficult order to go in here I'm gonna start with the non relic Pistons rookie auto-cade Cunningham 10 of 10 Pistons Jim D. Dude, too high-end basketball products to Cades. I got 10 of 10 I'm just gonna go and order how many patches there are. I don't know which order to go in here, but Scotty Barnes patch on a rookie one of five with the three color Toronto I'm glad Scotty signed an eminence because he didn't sign for flawless. Maybe we'll see his flawless RPAs next year Scotty doesn't know He doesn't know and last of the top here is five of five Jonathan Kaminga quad patch rookie auto warriors To JKs just kidding twice Look at the patches though. You got that the black and yellows. Those are my favorite warriors unis You got the regulars and then you got the the Philadelphia athletic throw or the Philadelphia warrior throwbacks Where should the words are doing well Kaminga's their Jew not Junzi warriors is Thomas C Thomas C is warriors interesting Okay, whoa Jazz low logo man trance a fine silver auto to 10 is the mailman Carl Malone Haven't seen Carl tonight. Have we? No, I think you were Next up Phoenix with a Steve Nash auto 10 of 10 Love some Steve Nash Sean's gonna get that Steve Nash here, but then turn it into a mullet. Yeah The shallot the Sean mullet shallots common Nice Steve Steve What next what next we've got a Mavericks Vince Carter patch auto that is an awesome part of their jersey there You got the gray the white and the blue Vince Carter Mavs one of five one of five is Jersey number two one five is Jersey number.  Yep.  Oh My god rockets Troy ounce of platinum platinum Good god, that's huge and it came the dream. I got to get Sean on the basketball court show him the dream shake Drain a bucket's on him There you go Adam K platinum Troy ounce With the auto one of one to Kim Elijah one the dream this one was 1340 per spot and Another one of one to close it out Gigantic patcher that is sick the three color the logo that might be a number actually either way magic Johnson one of one Magic Johnson on the three color game-worn patch out of one of one. Holy cow. That was a crazy evidence there The top was loaded with rookies the bottom was loaded with with big vets Well, thanks, Luke. I think I have the best. I think I have the best baseline fade away in history of the game. All right Let's do a recap. It's everything Yeah, Lakers did really well here You teams did really well and again if you did go carless, we will send a box of McDonald's all-american chrome to you Little something Well, thank you very much everybody football is coming up next. We still got to get flawless serial number one boxers filled up Okay, relics of Donovan Mitchell Emmanuel quickly autos Clyde the glide Kevin Porter, Jr. Alex English going nugs Luca Garza on the RPA to the 10 Dominique Wilkins Jalen Brunson Got Jalen Rose for the Pacers and Bill Walton It was a third it was 1340. Look he's like this. You got a patch auto Vince Carter That one's out of five for the Mavericks 10 to 10 son Steve Nash auto Carmelone silver auto Quad patch auto to five Kaminga Warriors rookie RPA to five Scotty Barnes the Raptors Kade Cunningham auto to 10 for the Pistons and a John Moran auto to five for the Grizzlies Silver bar to six is Carmelo for the Lakers Another Kade here was a patch auto Rats Pistons did very well 25 pound the patch auto Diamond gem Deandre Hunter Hawks Kaminga rookie auto to 25 Warriors warriors did well to Carmelo Anthony out of the 15 Lakers Patch auto rookie Tremann Thunder to 25 Got a Tatum patch out of the 25 Celtics a one-of-one Van Vleet Diamond gem for the Raptors They didn't have a mobility rookie auto to 25 going to the Cavaliers There was some like dried glue. It seemed like at the top so we're gonna send a box and wrapper So you try to get out replaced We have how we saw patch auto to five going to the Spurs Stars watch the industry's to 10 towns T Wolves Two one-of-ones from eminence platinum bar Troy ounce auto one-of-one a chemilise one Houston and a one-of-one game use patch auto Magic Johnson Going to Lakers. Thanks again everybody. We're on a football now


Okay, Jim I thought we'd just start out with because this whole segment is really about how COVID is affected either climate change or the research into climate change. And I thought yours was a great example, but I think first, I don't know whether I would describe it but I'd rather have maybe you describe it just sort of briefly the purpose of your research, why you're up in the Arctic and what that means to climate change research. Sure. So I'm an oceanographer and a lot of my work centers in the polar regions in in the Arctic. Much of my work has been focused on the retreat of the seasonal sea ice and what that means for the overall system. One of my specialties is ocean surface waves and those waves are really increasing as the as the Arctic melts and as the sea ice retreats, leaving open water behind. That open water is real estate for waves to form and the waves are getting quite a bit bigger in recent years so I spend a fair amount of time maybe on average one or even two months a year in the Arctic conducting some of this research and making measurements and putting instruments in place and whatnot. And then, you know, the rest of the time I teach at the university and work on data analysis and trying to understand what all this all the data means. And what's the practical effect of this retreat of ocean sea ice. The retreat of sea ice which is happening every has been happening every summer for a long time and it is on increasing in its extent so that the sea ice is going further and further back to the north every summer. And also it's happening earlier in the season and persisting later in the season. That that signal opens up the ocean to to receive the sun's rays directly. So there's a lot of heating that's happening in the ocean because the ice isn't there to reflect the sun's rays anymore. And that of course has these feedback mechanisms because then the ocean gets warm and then once the oceans warm it can melt more ice or it makes it harder for the ice to be free freeze when the winter comes. And then the open ocean also. It means that waves conform whenever there's a storm and wind is blowing across the water now the water conform waves, whereas if the ice was there the wind would move the ice around it would cause the ice to drift and move around. And once those waves form they can they can do a few different things they can propagate and end up at the edge of the ice and then they can go into the ice and penetrate into the ice and they cause the ice to break up. And that can have feedbacks because once the ice breaks up a little bit it's more prone to melt and so then more ice can retreat and then more waves can form. There's one feedback mechanism. The other thing the waves can do is they can they can go to the coast and when they get to the coast they can cause erosion just like they do any other coastline around the world. It's particularly strong in the Arctic because the Arctic coast generally have been in a very low wave environment there have not been big waves, you know, historically, and now that the ice is retreating so fast. Now that these big waves and that when they make it to the coast they're much bigger and the coastlines are being pretty dramatically affected. The coastlines in the Arctic are also unique in that they're mostly made of permafrost. And so, as much as they can be eroded they can also just be melted and the and the coast will just sort of fall apart if there's any warm water that inundates the coastal region then the land basically just melts because it was only held together by by being frozen. And does this affect not to get us to steer us off course too much but presumably this affects indigenous communities to live along the coast. Absolutely. Yeah, I mean that's one of the most immediate impacts is those communities are already having to pick up and retreat and move their roads or move portions of their infrastructure, you know, roads being washed out and things like that and their, their access to the ocean boat ramps and things like that, which are really important for their, their subsistence harvesting. You know those kinds of coastal infrastructure are very vulnerable and there's a lot of change happening rapidly. The, the average rate of retreat of the Arctic shorelines is about two meters per year. And in some places it's 10 meters in a single year that the shoreline is just marching backwards towards the land. It's really remarkable. So, so how'd you get the news. Well, talk about how COVID-19 affected your latest trip. So, in the fall of 2019, we did an expedition along the Arctic coast and put out a total of 12 moorings to measure the water temperatures and to measure the wave heights throughout an entire annual cycle, a seasonal cycle from summer when there's open water in this retreating sea ice to winter when the ice comes back and then again the next summer we want to understand that seasonal cycle and how these warmer water and increased open water and less sea ice how that's all working together. And so before the pandemic we put all these moorings out. And then the pandemic hit, and we had plans for the fall for fall of 2020 to go and pick up all 12 of those moorings. And this is a case where if you don't recover the moorings you don't get the data. You don't, you know, it's a total loss if you don't get them back. These are below the surface so that they can safely withstand the winter ice. And so we have no connection. We have no remote connection to them. There is no telemetry. There's no way to get this data back. There's no satellite feed that goes up there. Exactly so without recovering them all that data would be lost and you know it's very unique data set, you know, very climate relevant data set and if we weren't able to go to pick up these moorings we wouldn't be able to get the data back and in fact we would never be able to get it back because these moorings each had a set of batteries that were separate from the instruments recording the data. Another set of batteries there for recovery. And the way it works is when we get close to the mooring we can send it a sonar signal and tell it to come to the surface. It actually releases a messenger line to the surface. And if that battery fails, then we're never able to trigger that recovery sequence or to find it again. So we have this critical need to get these moorings back this year. And after the pandemic had started and a few months into the overall response to the COVID-19 crisis, the National Science Foundation came up with a series of protocols for what research could still be done during the pandemic and what would need to be postponed. And they had a ranking system for what is the highest priority. And we were designated at the priority one because this data would otherwise be lost and it's long term data, right? It's a whole annual cycle. And so that allowed us to begin the process of trying to plan how we would do this research during COVID. It didn't mean it would just automatically, you know, we'd get to be able to do it to go get the moorings. And it at least put us in a position to start the planning. And then we spent the next several months working with the research vessel and the captain and crew of the research vessel that we had planned to use to establish a set of protocols for how we would do this. In the end what we did is we did successfully go get these moorings and get the data back. We flew to Alaska and when we arrived in a lot, we tested before we went, arrived in Alaska with our negative tests that allowed us to enter the state. And then we went to the port where the ship comes in and out and where they get their supplies and fuel and everything. And we quarantined there for two weeks. In quarantine, all the members of the science team were quarantined separately so that if any one person had a positive test, then it wouldn't take the whole mission down, right? That person would just go home or it won't be quarantined until they could safely go home. So, I was a lot of time just sitting in and we rented these apartments and we just sat there for two weeks. And for the most part, we're able to continue some of our regular jobs, you know, do things by zoom. And I spent a lot of time looking at data from our previous project. We got three series of tests during the quarantine to make sure that we weren't developing something. And then we were able to board the ship and everyone else who was going to board the ship who were the ship's crew, the professional mariners who run the ship, all the way down to the cook and the dishwasher. They had all been doing the same thing separately from us, everyone separate from each other. So we finally can board the ship. And that was in the middle of September about how we can do that. And then we actually start the trip. The trip was much, much longer than it would have been. Normally we would use the Port Gnome, Alaska, and that's in the Bering Strait and it's the furthest north that a large ship can come into port. It's the furthest north deepwater port in the state of Alaska where you can get fuel and food and provisions. And Gnome had closed this year during the pandemic because they didn't want to introduce COVID-19 to that community. In the end they did have a few cases. There is air travel to Gnome and they were being very careful, but they still had a few cases. But they asked us specifically not to use the port and not to come up. So we had to honor that. So we had to drive all the way around and we started the port of Seward, Alaska instead. This added 10 days on to the front of the trip going around and it's another 10 days on to the back of the trip. So in the end, the way to just encapsulate is in the number of days this was originally planned before the pandemic to be an 18-day trip. In the end it was a 50-day trip with all the quarantine and the extra transit, all this extra time. So it really turned into a much, much longer expedition. Are there any other ways in which COVID is affecting other research you plan to do? I think you mentioned something about studying hurricanes on the east coast. Yeah, I've had several projects postponed and in the end the decision to postpone was largely made as to whether there was already equipment that was deployed and collecting data that would be critical data that would be lost if we weren't able to go out. And if that wasn't the case, if anything could be postponed, then the guidance was to postpone it. So we have a project that was supposed to be this year that was studying the hurricanes arriving on the east coast. And of course it was a really dramatic hurricane season, right? We made it all the way through the alphabet very quickly. A lot of activity at times there were three or even four systems, three or four storms moving and swirling around out there. It was a very active season. And so it would have been a great one to study and, you know, there's a clear need to understand how the warming climate is really driving these really active hurricane seasons and, you know, where and how they make landfall to understand all that. But we had to postpone that entire project because it was a new start. So it wasn't something that, you know, we had already put out equipment, already had a data record started. And so we just moved the whole thing to the right a year. We'll get started next year. And, you know, next year might not be every hurricane season is different. I think the overall trend is that it'll be a very active hurricane season again next year, but it could be quite different. Anyway, so on the one hand I was disappointed to have that, to have lost that opportunity.  So we will get a chance to, you know, do that project. I think in the end that project will be successful. But we had to postpone that. You know, I wanted to turn a little bit to sort of this, this idea of the political controversies over COVID-19. I'm just wondering whether, whether you've seen an increase in what we might call the politicization of science. That has come about either because of COVID-19 or climate change. Do you see any impact there? I think there's a lot. I know a lot of people have been talking about it and there's a lot that's been written about it. I certainly feel it in my specific area of work. You know, I've long felt that if people were able to go to the Arctic and experience it in person the way I've been, that it would really change some minds. It's remarkable. You know, I've only been working up there about 10 years. And in those 10 years, I've seen really dramatic changes. And to go to those communities and the villages along the northern coast of Alaska and talk to people and talk to them and hear what they've seen in just a generation. You know, what their grandparents and what their parents grew up with and what they see now for CIS. The change is so rapid and so dramatic. And it's just not something you can deny. And so to see all of that and yet know there are people out there who still refute and deny climate change is really frustrating to spend so much time working up there to be away from my family to be, I don't know, just putting all this effort in and know that for some people it's just not registering for them. You know, the urgency of the situation. So that that is frustrating and I do think that I imagine some health care workers have felt the same thing, you know, during during COVID-19 they felt like they are working themselves to the bone as hard as they can and yet there are others who are not not taking it seriously and not taking precautions. And the other analogy that's been made that I think really resonates for me is is how, you know, a small amount of individual inconvenience and have this cumulative effect right so I mean what we're being asked in COVID if we're, you know, we're not first line responders and we're not, we're being asked to wear a mask. Not very hard, right.  Not a lot to ask for an individual person and what an individual person does doesn't always have a huge effect but altogether the cumulative effect can be enormous can be really meaningful. So, it's been frustrating to see another arena, you know I've seen the climate change arena where we haven't been able to get there we haven't been able to have collective action that that gets us where we need to be to see that play out again and another arena like COVID-19 is has just been really frustrating and downright depressing honestly. I'm wondering whether there's even a compounding effect of one upon the other, but the same people who, you know we're downplaying climate change or also downplaying COVID and what effect this has on, you know on science on our, on our, you know, on the community's desire to pursue scientific research. I think there's still a strong desire from someone like myself who's already dedicated, you know a career to this that to keep going and I certainly you know I see a lot of bright spots and the students that I get to work with who are really motivated and really engaged to do science to do it, you know, for the greater good. You know that there's a real, I don't know there's a lot of energy in some of the young people I'm working with and that's wonderful to see and a lot of people who see, you know climate science and climate justice as being very intertwined and talk a lot about scholar activism and so I think there are some I guess I'm not worried that we're going to lose the pipeline of new scientists because of this but I am worried that we're, there's a whole, maybe even half of the public in the US that are not coming along with us as we, you know, we learn and try to figure out how to come up with solutions. And you know if you can't acknowledge a problem. It's really hard to come up with a solution. That's sort of the first part right is just to say we have a problem here and then and then you start trying to figure out how to solve it so that I agree it just it gives one sort of a lot of concern for the future for where we go from here. Are there any, is there any, I had to bring this up but are there any bright spots here. I was talking to a scientist, an oceanographer in Hawaii. And what they were saying was they've noticed that some of the tourist spots where people used to go snorkeling a lot, all of a sudden it really come back there's fish in the sea and the reefs. Are there any, and you know and other people say well we haven't been driving as much so there's less you know pollution. Is that a fantasy or are those real. No, those, those things are real and I think they, they are playing out at the local level, very dramatically in some cases you know less noise pollution less air pollution less, you know less activity and displacing wildlife and those things. And it's great I think, you know, it's going to take a little while before we know just how long the effect stays after you know if we go back to business as usual, once the vaccines are all rolled out let's say I has to even guess but let's say mid 2021, you know much of the US population is vaccinated and business as is back up and running. I don't know if we'll see long term benefits from in the in sort of the overall environmental space and the climate system from having this brief pause in human activity or this brief slow down in human activity. It's unlikely I mean that you know the, the problem that we've created the, the greenhouse gases, the, you know, carbonates in the atmosphere and it's taken us so long to do that it's been such, you know, well over 100 years of that accumulating that, you know, one year of slowing down a little is unfortunately not appreciable in that I know people are studying this and it is it is nice to see some little rebounds here and there but I don't think that in and of itself is going to be appreciable. I do think there are some other bright spots just in terms of this has caused a lot of us to slow down a little bit and and to spend time closer to home to spend more time with our families to reconsider when and why we travel and how much we travel. You know, air travel definitely is a big contributor. You put a lot of carbon in the atmosphere that way. I still travel by air a lot I am definitely guilty as guilty as many others are in terms of my air travel but to realize that you can do an interview like this and you can go to other meetings, you know, remotely I think that and I hope that that will persist that we will do a bit more of that. And we'll just be make some sort of wiser choices or prioritize when we when we actually travel and and when we do not and we're just more efficient with how we do things. And some of the, the actual field work that we just did and had this really long trip, you know, I think it's forced us to think a little bit more about how can we most efficiently do that. The climate data that has been able to keep going during the pandemic that data, these, you know, there's so many data records out there that are really precious in terms of understanding the climate system because they're long term records that keep going. And the ones that have been the easiest to maintain and keep going are the ones that are most automated during during this time in the pandemic where it's hard to send people to see to replace a mooring and it's hard to send people to the remote regions to make measurements. The ones where automated systems are in place that are basically robots and in my arena we work with ocean robots a lot and we've been working on developing them and improving them for many years now. And there's been there's been a lot of progress and I do see, you know, a real role for autonomy and autonomous platforms and robotics to to make a has made a big difference this year and make a big difference going forward and how we sample the earth system and sample the climate and so this moment where we're really restricted has has been a moment for those systems to shine and there's a lot of data that we've still been able to collect because of these autonomous systems and I guess that's been a bright point. In a way it sounds like because of, I don't want to overstate what you're saying but almost because of the limitations that COVID has imposed on us, we see perhaps ways to do research that actually will lower impact on climate change on pollution. Yeah, that's definitely true. It is one of the irony is it's not lost on me that, you know, in order to do some of this climate research we we have to burn fossil fuel and we have to. That that is how we get to some of these remote locations. You know, I, and some cases it just has to be done and you know I think of the analogy in the medical profession where you know sometimes you need to to take a pinprick to get some blood to get the information you need to know what's happening with the patient and so you have done a very small and temporary amount of harm in order to do. Do good to have, you know, to have the information you need and so I hope that the research is the way we do the field work is is in that category but it is a concern and we do look for ways to make our. Our field work as low impact as possible and I agree at this moment is encouraging us to think even harder about how to do that. And it's, you know, forcing us to do it right then necessity being the mother of invention that we are inventing some some novel ways to get this data this year when we otherwise otherwise the option would have been to not get the data at all. Yeah, yeah, you talked about and you touched on a little earlier about the sort of the push and pull between individual and communal risk and responsibility. Have you thought any more about that. Certainly thought a lot about, you know, how, how people make those decisions, you know, for for this trip we went on, I was the chief scientist and so I'm in the leadership role, helping, you know, put together protocol for how we're going to do things and then explaining to people you know here here is here's the program and explaining in a way that you know made it clear that this is these requirements but also this is the reason that we're doing it. And that's pretty easy to do on a smaller scale where you know there were a total of 30 people on board that ship and and you know, explaining to them these are the requirements this is how we're going to do it. It's their job and so that was relatively easy to do but it still was a responsibility to figure out what the protocols are. And I think about how do you get a larger population how do you get the entire United States of America to, to, to get on board with a set of protocols and programs and I think that, you know, that's the role of government and it's a very simple thing than, you know, a leader of a small group of people saying here we're doing this, you know, government is this vast thing, especially the US but it does really need that kind of just simple communication and decision making leadership and I think it's been noticeable that we haven't had the leadership to, to explain to the general public like this is, you know, what needs to do and we're all doing it and let's get on board and let's get this done and I because I think these things where you have, you know, relatively low individual risk, but large collective risk and a relatively modest set of things that can be done by individuals that would make a big difference to the whole community. So the things where you do need these, you know, societal cultural pressures and leadership and you need, you need government to step in and I think that's exactly what we need to respond to the climate crisis and we could have had enough of it, right, there's so much more to be done. And so I am not a policy person, you know, I'm, I'm a scientist, I do the calculations and the measurements and the numbers but I do see this huge role for policy and leadership that has been lacking. But any other issues you'd like to raise about climate change or the Coronavirus and how that's affected you and what you want to do. I would just say that it has certainly taken a lot of the things that we were planning to do this year and and force them to be postponed or paused. It has given me a lot of frustration and a lot of head scratching to try to figure out how to get the most critical things done, you know, data that would otherwise be lost or measurements that we've been making for decades that need to keep going that we wouldn't be able to make. We've been uplifting to see the community of scientists and my colleagues come together and try to find solutions and figure this out. There is a separate from the Arctic work we've been discussing there's a research station that's in the middle of the North Pacific that has been there since World War It was originally a weather station, a weather ship to help with the all the aviation that was happening World War two and it's one of the longer records we have in the ocean, you know, it goes back, you know, the 40s right so the, we were going to lose some data from that system, and there was another group that was able to get out there that really unrelated to our group completely on a volunteer basis without any money changing hands they they installed our whole new system for us and they were able to do they really helped us out. And they did it just because it was the right thing to do. And, you know, it just felt like okay, you know we can we can rally around important things and get things done together so you know, there is though there's definitely plenty of hope and I've had new students to work with this year's new graduate students starts to start and seeing the students really have all this enthusiasm to get started on new projects and to work on these issues and and to start to really build in ideas about climate justice and social justice into their science that that does give me a bunch of hope and I think the crisis that we're in this moment wouldn't have brought that out of some of these people certainly even myself as much without, you know, without having it without having the crisis bring everything to a focal point so there has been some there's some silver linings there. Yeah, yeah. Well Jim, I want to thank you for for Dr Thompson I want to thank you for the time that you've given us here today, really appreciate your thoughts.


Good morning, cyber traders. Welcome back on this Tuesday. Good to see you all. Good to see you, Larry, everybody on social media. Good to see everyone. Looks like we're having a pretty decent day with some stocks moving. Some are getting crushed. Let me tell you though, yesterday, my God, it is still running. All the bitcoins, all the mining stocks, every single one of them. Let me just show you what happened yesterday. Just a two-day coin base. Look at this stock up literally up $100 in less than one month. That is 100% move. Mara doing great. We're going to talk about these stocks also. And then obviously there's a couple of things that are moving too. But before we do that, let me just do a couple of quick little announcements. I am going to be on MetaStock today at 10 o'clock and tomorrow I'm also going to be on at the NASDAQ Market Center. So we'll send you the link if everybody wants to watch the TV show. I'm going to be on there talking about Level 3, NASDAQ Book Viewer and stuff like that. So everyone's more than welcome on social media and then we'll broadcast everyone. But regarding about what's going on in the market, I mean the market is really doing crap today. We're down about 20 points. But we've had broken $39,000. We had down a little bit of a down little day yesterday. But you know what? A lot of earnings announcements are coming out. Hopefully everybody's subscribed to our whole social media and you're getting those alerts on what's coming up, what stocks that are going to be moving in this week, and what we should be trading because remember it's all about pre-market and when the market opens up and how they trade. But I want to go over some of those stocks that we traded yesterday and what was moving. I do want to start off with Mara though. Mara was just absolutely fabulous. And you know what was great about Mara and all the other ones too and CLSK and coin and all of them. Look at the trend of the stock. Okay. So right at 9 30, it started right around $24 and it just did not stop. It had very, very little, little shakes in it. And then all the way up to 10 o'clock was already at 2650. And even if you came in late, you could have jumped in there and it ran to $28. And then obviously you could see, do I got to show it again? Yeah, I think I'm going to show it again. See it right there? All right. So right there that time, best times, worst times to trade. I know everybody has this on their desk. It's a cyber clock. You know, we have it on our website. But really didn't do anything in a middle of the day. Kind of stopped a couple of little things here and there. And then obviously you could see once the market closed, gapped up. Now we're already up at 3150. Look at that long-term chart right there. We just broke a 52 ECHI. Now some of you are probably thinking, is this the end? Is this over?  I don't know if you ever looked back in the past, but yeah, the stock was up in the 90s, right around here. We're hovering right around these major resistance levels back in 2021 and 22. You could see it. But you could see that time went back here in October. And what is that? In 21, we had that big rally. That stock ran from, you know, ran from that 31 all the way up to about that 85. So is the party over? It was the only way to find out. You got to be in the cyber group room, right? So once again, anyone here on social media, if you want to know a little bit more about it, you got that little QR code in the top left-hand corner. Just take your phone, scan that, and you're going to welcome to join us. You know, but if you're in the trading room, you were here yesterday, you know how to expect it, and what to expect. And just like Coin, Coin had also another really good move yesterday. Same trend, but Coin actually moved a little bit better than Mara. It continued to go higher after that 11 o'clock timeframe was at 185 and ran up to about 195, okay? So that one did really well. And also CLSK, a little bit cheaper. This one moved very similar to like Mara. This one's $17, up to about $20, $3, gapped up to. So these stocks are obviously going back on the watch list, okay?  And if you are part of Cybertrain University, I know Rich and Josh, we always post that up there so you guys could see which ones they are. You could see all those. There's more than just three or four. We have like 10 mining stocks, but these are really the big ones. So you got CLSK, Mara, Coin, just putting those back on the watch list. All right. A couple of the stocks also made some pretty decent moves. I want to look at, soon, that one was phenomenal. This one is going back on the watch list. It's gapped up again today. Actually, let me just fix this here to look at it. So this one is going back on the watch list too. Great, great run-up. The stock started more in the middle of the day. I guess that's some news that came out. It was at $3.80. You could see how it ran to about $4.50, ran to $5.70. Now the thing's at $7. So in two days, you're literally talking almost 100% mover just on SOUN. Now, look how these stocks become day trades and now they become short-term swing trades. And maybe who knows, via long-term trade.  Just a couple of days ago, obviously, it was earnings announcements. And then, boom, you could see a nice little pop. But whatever it is, they love the news on SOUN, sound hood. All right. What else we had up that moved up pretty good on that yesterday. We had ALT that also moved up pretty nicely. Not the greatest biggest mover is not as pretty as the other ones, but ALT had a really nice move testing some resistance levels here in back in January. Gapped up a little bit, but pretty much not going to be like the other ones. AI moved up great yesterday. AI looks like it's in the move again. So that one ran from $26 to $29 all the way up to about almost one o'clock just to not, not stop right there. And what else we got? Earnings. Okay. We got, oh yeah, we got earnings on Norwegian. We posted that in the pre-market. You can see Norwegians going on the watch list again. NCLH. So you could see Norwegian had earnings announcements this morning and it had a really nice pop, which should lead into other stocks too. Like Royal Caribbean, Carnival, all of them probably doing pretty decent. If they're doing well, then they're all going to do well. A couple of the ones in pre-market had some earnings. We had the VKTX, that one just blew, blew the numbers out of the water. I mean, look at that thing, beautiful stock. VKTX, one problem. It's expensive, moved up a lot. It's not really tradable. You could see the spread right there. Remember one of the biggest things that we teach at Cybertrain University. Okay.  Nobody knows how to control the losses. And remember, there are the three T's we teach you here at Cybertrain University. Tradable, trend and trap. If you can't get past that first T, 50% of the people fail. Meaning, what's the spread? What's the risk? What's the volatility? You know, what level is it at? One, two, three, four, five. That's why happy you get yourself in these positions where you shouldn't have got into the first place. So VXTX, VKTX. Nice stock, but I'm not putting on my A list. It's going to go probably even on the C list. But that one also is doing pretty well with earnings. Well, congratulations if you own it. But there are a lot of the stocks out there. IFBD, that one also had pretty good earnings. That one go back on the watch list, but I would be also be very careful. That one looks pretty volatile too. IFBD, want to change this up over here. I want to show you the level three. So we got the book view here on the left-hand side here also. All right. So we got that here. Now let's look at some other stocks out there. So we have the stock JANX. I wasn't too crazy about this stock. Spread is quite ugly. It's the biggest percentage gainer. But I know you all in the pre-market here in the trading room we're trading this stock right here, IFBD. Now IFBD has got some good moves. Let me just change the filters here. Oops. I want to show me everything over 1,000 because I don't care about these hundreds. So here we have a couple of decent icebergs. Not a huge 5,000. Not really a lot right there, but she is on a little bit of a downtrend. She's probably going to be a category three. All right. But I'll put this one on the watch list, IFBD. It moved early in the morning, and pre-market, not really interested anymore. Not really good. That one we already know about. That one's on the list. But we put that on the B list. This one, trend is ugly. S-O-U-N. We already know about that one. Let's go see what's going on and where the orders are. So we got some nice orders on this one right here. Actually really nice orders. Look at this one. 100,000. 119,000 at 660. Okay. Another 13,714. 33,000 at 730. Look at it. Nice, nice, nice. Nice iceberg orders. Did you all remember yesterday, the stock Revion? Okay. If you weren't in class, I'm actually going to save it for tomorrow's video when I'm on the TV show at NASDAQ. Wait till you see the Revion trade. Okay. I'm just going to bring it up just out of curiosity. R-I-V-N. Where is it at right now? Yep. We all know what happened with Revion yesterday. I think the Revion trade was probably the best trade out of all trades. Better than Mara, better than all of them. If you want to know what I'm talking about, right there. You all know what I'm talking about if you were in the cyber group room. That was the hands down best trade and probably the easiest trade to trade yesterday. Okay. It was Revion.  All right. A couple of stocks I want to put up there and see what else is moving. PYXS. Nice little push. It's up about 24%. It's got a decent spread. Spread's kind of ugly, but I like it. It's at the highs of the day. PYXS. Do we have any orders out there? No. No orders. Not interested. Okay. Where are we? 14%. He's all pretty much dead. Mara's in there. All those stocks already found. Lunar. We all know about what happened with Lunar, right? Tipped over when it landed on the moon. Kind of affect that stock pretty bad. So that one we already know about. Can just check the most active. Losers. This stock got hammered. This is a pharmaceutical stock. Yeah. They don't come back. Things out 61%. New York Stock Exchange. What do we got going on over there? This one's got a good spread. Not really going anywhere though. SRFM. Anything over there? Yeah. No orders on Book Viewer. Not really seeing anything there. BBAI. Okay. That one. Same thing with AI, right? We got AI on that list, right? So BBAI. Oops. Yeah. We got some nice orders. I had 22,000 at 250. Cheap little stock, 12,000. Put this on a watch list. BBAI. Stock's been doing pretty well. Even from yesterday. Look at that trend right there. Look at that beautiful trend. Stock was a book 80. It's almost up literally almost 100% just from yesterday. So BA looks pretty good. It looks like all those AI stocks. There's no region. We're going to know about that one. Oh, Kava had earnings in it today. I think Kava did pretty well. Remember I was talking about Kava? I was a big fan of Kava. You know what? We got out of it. We had it over here. We got a big buy, right? I should have held on to it. That was a good swing trade. I was losing my patience. One thing of the problem with day trading is that you got like, you know, sometimes you got to be a little more patient than what you have to. Kava was a really good swing trade. So I know some of you here did the option call on it. So that one did pretty well. But Kava's obviously been pretty strong. All right. So I think we're pretty much done there with all our watch list. All right. So just a couple of, just one little thing. I want to make it quick. Just quick little announcements. Remember, I'm gonna be on Metastock at 10 o'clock. We got traders talk today. We're gonna broadcast live.  Go over some of these great little trades that we've done. So if you're not part of our team or you wanna come and join us and we'll be recorded to get to watch it, just make sure you follow us. Make sure you follow our channel, give us a thumbs up and ring the bell so you get the alerts when we do it, and that pretty much does it, all right? One last thing to everybody. I wanna make, oh, Brian, you still doing the swing trade on that one? Good, just one little quick little announcement to everyone. I wanna share this with everybody and I wanna put this in here in the chat. So I wanna be able to, let's all give our prayers and hopefully our buddy Charles Robinson does pretty well. He's going for surgery today. He sent us a nice email and wanna let Olas here at CyberTrain even know that he's gonna be out the next couple of days and he's having a need replacement. So, but I really, it was great when he wrote here. He says, but hopefully by my private recovery, I can be in the room a little more than normal work routine, work for two days a week in the trading room on those days. I will see you then in the room as soon as I can. So let's just hope he has a good recovery and get him back over here. Obviously our prayers are for him and he does really well. Do you know what? I hate when we all go into surgery. I don't know, that whole anesthesia stuff freaks me out. You know what I mean? But let's hopefully he does pretty well. All right guys, so let's get ready for the market open up and then we'll be back in 15 minutes. So don't go anywhere, all right? Good luck today, happy trading.


What we do here with Bistro 502, the restaurant run by students, whether they're high school or adults, on the campus, the Suncoast Technical College, is we teach them real-world experience. They learn to wait on customers when they come in or they're cooking at different stations in a state-of-the-art kitchen that's directly behind me. They might learn to saute or grill or fry. A lot of the students will go on to work in the industry, whether in local hotels, country clubs, mom-and-pop-type restaurants, chain restaurants, or even personal-chefing. Not to mention food trucks that seem to be all of a trend right now. So with that said, the students can also earn their certification. As high schoolers, they can earn a certified fundamental cook, and as an adult, they can also earn the certified culinary end, and this is all done through our industry partner of the American Culinary Federation. They do get served safe through the National Restaurant Association, and they have it at the manager's level. So that is a big benefit for our students to have that kind of a certification when they leave here and get a job.