Namaste. In this session, we are going to discuss about human resource management practices in small firms. After this session, you should be able to recognize the role of HRM function in startup firms and small firms. Identify the prominent features of human resource management practices in small firms. Appreciate the issues and challenges of HRM in small firms. We will also discuss and after that you should be able to identify some IT based tools for HRM processes and practices, particularly useful in the small firms. We will also discuss new codes of labour in India. So, we are going to discuss the new codes of the labour in India which are ready with government yet to be notified, but cleared by the parliamentary committee. And those codes have implications on both small firms as well as large firms. So, in this session, we are also going to discuss the new to be notified, but accepted codes of labour in India. Before we discuss about HRM practices in small firms, we need to recognize that organizations, particularly business organizations, go through several stages of development. These stages of development are captured in the Griners model. This model talks about different activities at different stage of growth of firm. It also talks about certain crises which are generally linked to certain specific stage of firm. Any firm or organization starts with a small number of people. That is called in the Griners model phase 1. In the phase 1, the management focus happens to be making and selling the stuff, making the selling the product or services. In this stage, organization structure happens to be informal. Top management style is generally individualistic and entrepreneurial in nature. Their control system is their own market research. So, they do not have any other department for control. They are directly interacting with market and based on their market research, which can also be semi-formal or not very formal interactions in the market. That is their major control system and ownership decides about the management rewards. In this stage, leadership crisis takes place. That means, once the business is started and it is start operating, organizations have to decide about who will lead them. Generally, firms are started by group of people and in those cases, who will lead firm to the next level, which is about the growth phase. That is the crisis. And firms which are able to deal with the crisis are able to move smoothly to the next phase. This next phase is of the direction. First phase was about creativity, ideation, identifying the best idea, refining that best idea and implementing that best idea in terms of launching the product, getting foothold in the market. In the second phase, the challenge is about direction. Working on that great idea continuously and gaining efficiency in production and excellence in service, these are the two prominent concerns of any firm in this stage. Once organization remains for sufficient time in the second stage, it reaches to the growth stage. And that is where the next level of crisis happens, which is about autonomy crisis. In the previous phase, till the time organization is small or group is very small, entrepreneurial leader himself or herself can manage most of the activities. Many a time decisions happens to be centralized. Even if they are not centralized, everybody knows about what all is going on in the firm. And they also have opportunity to put forth their thoughts, their opinion. But once organization grows beyond that initial number and enters the growth stage, there is a need of formality and enhancing the efficiency in operation becomes the major question. Organization structure also becomes more complicated. It remains centralized, but functional structure or mechanistic structure starts emerging in the organization. Standard and cost centers, standard operation operating procedures, not only about the production, but about various functions including HRM are recognized to be implemented in this stage. Salary, merit increase, these things become more and more formal. If organization is able to meet the crisis of autonomy, wherein they are able to make the systems and processes to manage their functions well and people accept those systems and processes, they reach to the next level of growth. And after that, they reach to the next crisis, which is control crisis, which is about firm growing very big and creating some autonomous mechanism, autonomous decision making processes and structures within the firm. So, we will not talk about that stage. What we are going to talk about is first two stages of the organizations. And in these two stages also HR function plays an important role. If HR function plays effective role in these stages, naturally it helps organizations move to the next stage. If HRM function is not taken care of well in these two stages, firm feels the pressure, they recognize the limitations of the growth and they also recognize the certain dysfunctionalities. If the foundational processing system of HR are not up to the mark. So, when we are talking about small firms, we are talking about those firms, where either creativity is a major driver of business or they are in the direction phase and those firms which have to lead and which have to deal with leadership crisis or autonomy crisis. What is exactly we mean by small firms? These are known as micro, small and medium enterprises or MSMEs. MSMEs are classified into three categories and this is fairly recent category. This is done based on investment and turnover. So, number of employees, that criteria was defining criteria earlier that is changed and now criteria is based on investment and turnover. Criteria is important to define and this boundary is important to define because there are lots of government schemes which are linked to the micro, medium or small nature of MSME. So, this criteria is linked to certain facilities and that is why it is important to have clear definition and good definition of these enterprises. So, different countries define the size of their MSMEs differently. You can have a look at it, look at it, how different countries define MSME criteria differently. This data is very abundantly available. In India, it is defined in terms of the investment and turnover when it is 1 crore and 5 crore when investment is 1 crore or turnover is 5 crore then it is called micro enterprise when investment is 10 crore or above and turnover is less than or equal to 50 crore this is called a small enterprise and medium enterprise is the one which has investment lesser than 50 crore and turnover is lesser than 250 crores. Businesses of MSMEs can be understood in Indian context with these figures. It contributes this overall sector contributes about one quarter 24.63 to be precise of the GDP from services activities and more than 33 percent of the total manufacturing output which goes into the calculation of GDP. MSMEs also provide employment to around 120 million persons and it contributes around 45 percent of the total overall export from India. HRM and particularly strategic HRM is important for MSME because small firms they are contributing very significantly to the development of our economy and most of the economies in the world and number of writers have argued the strategic approach to managing employee is very vital for the success of all the firms. You might recall in first and second sessions of this course we discussed about strategic nature of HRM. This whole course is based on the strategic perspective of HRM. Strategic HRM is based on resource base view. Resource base view suggests that firms get competitive advantage in the marketplace based on in imitable and valuable resources. Human resource is in imitable and valuable that is why HRM has a strategic imperative and HRM in this course is understood to be in the context of strategy of the firm. So, many authors have recognized that strategic perspective of HRM is relevant for the small firms as well. They also should not look at HRM as bundle of different activities and they should not look at those activities separately or independently. They need to look at these activities whether it is recruitment, performance management, selection or salary and wage administration. All these activities or functions of HRM need to be looked at from the strategic perspective. There are some special features of MSMEs that makes a separate discussion about HRM function in the app MSME context. These few slides, this one and next one or two slides are taken from the textbook of written by Desler and Biju Varkey on human resource management. MSMEs are special because of the size. So, many of the HRM activities which we discussed earlier may not be conducted as it can be conducted in the large firms. So, because of the size they need to customize those activities. So, priorities of MSME sectors or small firms are slightly different from the large firms. Small firms can grow fast. They can start quickly. They can be started quickly. They can suffer the losses also very quickly. So, because of this vulnerability, they need to very closely balance the wealthier of the employees, better facilities to their HR and its economic sense in terms of their business sustainability. Small firms are anyway more informal in nature. Because of the informal nature of the interactions of the people, there is a need to balance the professionalism in the HR practices as well as their employee friendliness of the practices. This by nature, small firms by nature are entrepreneurial. So, there are inbuilt characteristics of taking risk, agility, quick response, very hands-on kind of leadership style, very collective decision making process, shared leadership. All these are the natural characteristics of the small firms. And when we talk about HRM and when we try to understand the HRM in small firms, we need to take into account these special features of any small firm.


This is Coach Mack, Game Day Color Analyst for Titans Radio. Today we're going to go beneath the surface and look at three plays. Two from the two-yard line, one from the one-yard line, by the Titans defense that were monumental in the big playoff victory in Foxbowl. First play we're going to look at is first and two from the two-yard line. What you're going to watch is you're going to watch tremendous knockback up front. Watch the knockback up front by the defensive lineman. Watch the trigger by Rashawn Evans, number 54. He is keyed right through the full back to the tail back, he reads his keys, he triggers and flies through to make a huge stop for no gain. Watch the knockback up front by the lineman. Watch Harold Landry set the edge on the right side. Tremendous, tremendous play by Rashawn Evans. Second play from the two-yard line, they put the tight end in motion. Watch the defensive front shift their anchor points from the defensive left to the defensive right. Again, we get tremendous knockback on the right side. Again, huge play. Watch Dayquan Jones come sliding across laterally on the line of scrimmage. A nice job of putting his hands down, shocking shed by Rashawn Evans and on the tackle. Now we're third and one at the one. We're back to 23 personnel. You get yo-yo motion by the tight end. Brady checks this play. We're going to get another lead back to the weak side, to the Titans right side. Watch the huge knockback here by Big Jeff. Big Jeff's going to get a huge knockback up front. Makes the tailback bubble as the tailback bubbles. Again, we get another excellent trigger by Rashawn Evans. Watch Harold Landry set the edge on the outside to knock everything back. This was a big, big stop. They made New England kick a field goal. Went a long way to this win in Foxburg.


Ever tell you about this sorcery I knew couldn't stop talking about how useful they are as creatures because you can prove potions from their blood No, because by eating rotting corpses they prevent epidemics Did he know they eat the living as well? No really upset him too. His theory collapsed More is not exactly going our way. We have a side the northern realms We're out of its realms. Don't you mean to marry a dead or no more? Radivitz pledge to restore the old borders soon as he wins the war believe that Gotta believe something That's what keeps us going ever tell you about this sorcery I knew couldn't stop talking about how useful they are as creatures because you can prove potions from their blood No, because by eating rotting corpses they prevent epidemics Hmm. Did he know they eat the living as well? No really upset him too. His theory collapsed Or it's not exactly going our way. We have a side the northern realms We're out of its realms. Don't you mean to marry a dead or no more? Radivitz pledge to restore the old borders soon as he wins the war believe that Gotta believe something That's what keeps us going for tell you about this sorcery knew Couldn't stop talking about how useful they are as creatures because you can prove potions from their blood No, because by eating rotting corpses they prevent epidemics Hmm. Did he know they eat the living as well? No really upset him too. His theory collapsed More is not exactly going our way. We have a side the northern realms Radivitz realms. Don't you mean to marry a dead or no more? Radivitz pledge to restore the old borders soon as he wins the war believe that Gotta believe something. That's what keeps us going ever tell you about this sorcery I knew couldn't stop talking about how useful they are as creatures because you can prove potions from their blood No, because by eating rotting corpses they prevent epidemics Hmm. Did he know they eat the living as well? No really upset him too. His theory collapsed More is not exactly going our way. We have a side the northern realms Radivitz realms. Don't you mean to marry a dead or no more? Radivitz pledge to restore the old borders soon as he wins the war believe that Gotta believe something. That's what keeps us going. Take it easy


25 years ago, the Beijing World Conference generated an extraordinary mobilisation for women's human rights. It led to a visionary roadmap to end discrimination and achieve gender equality. Today, despite enormous progress, women are still not treated as equals. Discriminatory views and beliefs about their roles and characteristics are still deeply ingrained. History books underplay women's contributions. In the media and online, women and girls are often only portrayed in stereotypical ways. They are blamed for the violence they suffer. They are belittled and sexualised. They are patronised and denied their independence and right to choice. Discriminatory narratives wire us to perpetuate exclusion and oppression. Challenging them is the first step to advance our rights. Together, we can change the story. By questioning harmful content. By editing and creating new content. We can free ourselves from the narrow expectations that societies attach to gender. And build societies where we are all free and equal in dignity and rights.


So two things two things are happening. So he's pushing. He's giving me force. I can use my Jun Geng or turning or rotating energy to redirect his force, and I can also use my rotating force to generate more power or I can do both at the same time, right? He's pushing in I can rotate Jun use Jun Geng rotate and also use the force to attack at the same time


Work of the law and works of love or Christ.  There are no shortage of verses that say that salvation or the justification of righteousness onto eternal life is by grace or by faith and not works. So one of our most highly quoted and loved examples is Ephesians 2.8 and 9 for by grace are you saved through faith and that not of yourselves it is the gift of God not of works lest any man should boast. Another great example Galatians 2.16 in knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by the faith of Jesus Christ even we have believed in Jesus Christ that we might be justified by the faith of Christ and not by the works of the law for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified. Romans 3.28 is another clear example therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law and deeds being synonymous with works. And there are many other examples we could use that don't use this exact language but still support the same idea like Romans 10 verses 4 and 5. Hebrew 6 verse 1 Galatians 3 verses 21 to 26. There are many other passages we could turn to of course notwithstanding the logical inference that Jesus and the apostles told many people to believe for eternal life without telling them to do works for that life and when they did preach repentance they were talking about Jesus not about your works. This is a major discrepancy and a huge inconvenience for many Christians who have a workspace salvation whether that's front loaded or back loaded especially for the ones where James 2 is their favourite part of the whole Bible. So even with the multitude of verses from Romans, Galatians, Hebrews, John, Philippines that show that salvation or justification unto righteousness is without works they use this one chapter in James 2 to completely reinterpret, reject and overturn those multitudes of other verses instead of reinterpreting what they believe about James 2 in light of the multitude and they're wrong about what James 2 means by the way. A detailed breakdown of James 2 is outside of the subject of this video but even James himself said in that same chapter that makes legalists drool with excitement. For whosoever shall keep the whole law yet offend in one point he is guilty of all. Even their work salvation porn passage verifies what Paul says that justification cannot be attained by the law if you mess it up even once and everybody has. So given that so many Christians are just so desperate to merit their salvation boasting their works they have this little disclaimer or clause if you will that enables them to preach works salvation in some fashion while still claiming to be consistent with these multitudes of scriptures that say it's by grace or faith without works. So how they do this typically what I've seen them do is they'll say something along the lines of when Paul says we are saved or justified without works this is just referring to works of the old covenant law, the rituals, the cleansings, the sacrifices and circumcision particularly. But in order to be saved or justified we must have works referring to the law of Christ they sometimes call it or the law of love or the works of a saving faith. Which they would argue is just another way of saying doing his will to enter the kingdom as per Matthew 7 or keeping his commandments as per John 14 15 or doing works by faith as per Hebrews 11. So for example I'll show you how they substantiate this they might use Galatians 5 6 where it says that circumcision does not avail anything so this is Paul's faith without works for justification it's the mosaic law that doesn't avail. But then describes faith as working by love and they'll say that this is James's faith with works if you like and they sometimes call this something like Christ's new law of love or words to that effect. And so likewise we go to James 2 and they'll say that verse 10 is the mosaic law yes we can't keep the whole of that law but we do have to do works of love or the works of Christ as per later in the chapter. And to give you another example of how they argue this so if we take a verse like Romans 3 8 it specifically calls these works of the law but then when we read Ephesians 2 10 it says we are created onto good works and it doesn't mention the law so that's not about the mosaic law it's the new law of love as it was. I've handpicked two very specific individuals and I want to show you video clips of them saying this because it will lead us into something important later. There's places all over the Bible says we're saved by faith apart from works and it's always works of the law. The old covenant of the Jews their rituals their cleansings and all those Old Testament works yeah we're not saved by those but Christ commands us he ordained us to do good works. I mean meaning we have to do good works. Yet we know that a person is not justified by works of the law he's talking about he specifies what type of works he's not talking about the works of obedience like James 2 is talking about. He says exactly what works he's talking about he makes this very very plain he says a person is not justified by works of the law. So to the unlearned Christian who doesn't know the Bible very well this seems like they've got their doctrine locked they've solved it right. Well yes we're not saved by works of the law but faith does have to produce works of love according to this new law of Christ. But when you study the implications of this you realise that this teaching has more holes in it than Swiss cheese. And I'll barely scratch the surface in this video of what they all are but let's start with the inconsistency so I showed you two clips. One person is a Roman Catholic the other is a Sinless Perfectionist so we've got works tarred from completely different denominations who were copying and pasting this same boring argument. So the first hole in this Swiss cheese if you like is that everybody who proclaims salvation by works in some form or another has their own often borderline unique list of pet works that they think you should be doing. So for example Greg at Bible Flockbox is a seventh day Adventist he believes that Sabbath keeping on Saturday is an essential component of salvation. Now I understand there is some irony in making rest day a work for your salvation but there you go. When it comes to your lifestyle he is looking for a vaguely defined observable change in your behaviour. Mike Rikowski believes that we need to learn to test the spirits and overcome our sicknesses and sins until we learn to become sanctified in truth disciples of Christ. Yet he says that Sabbath keeping does not apply in the New Testament. Now interestingly you don't have to do any actual work in his framework like preaching the gospel to every creature. You should only preach the gospel if you are a sanctified and truth disciple of Christ like Mike Rikowski although apparently he is the only one who has reached this status on the whole planet of 8 billion people but God hasn't commanded him to preach the gospel yet so we're all off the hook for that particular commandment. Mike Schmitz at Ascension Presents is a Roman Catholic so he reckons we should be doing the Catholic sacraments like confessing sins in his Confedional Booth but you don't need to obey the commandment to preach the gospel to every creature or call no man upon earth father. Catholics don't obey these anyway so you're off the hook for these. Mikaela Cooper tells you that the key to life is a surrender. This means getting on your knees and seeking the Lord every single day in prayer until you've reached full surrender. I can only assume this is a trauma induced gospel revelation she received while being held hostage at gunpoint. Mormons ironically do try to fulfil the Great Commission being made to go door to door to evangelise their religion. This is a work you have to do for salvation under their model to fulfil the commandment to preach the gospel to every creature. You don't have to obey the commandment not to lie though apparently in white man's Islam you can lie if it helps promote the religion apparently. Of course JWs and Mormons are not the only Christians who say that a saving faith must be preaching the gospel but for other Christians the correct method apparently is screaming at people in the streets and provoking them to anger. Not going door to door and having a sensible one to one conversation that wouldn't incite the minimum level of persecution needed to achieve or maintain salvation. There's far more examples I could give but I'm sure you get the point. Different individuals or groups of Christians will have different lists of their pet works and pet commandments that they like to obsess about. This is because if you try throughout the Bible to read works into salvation passages or you try to read salvation into works passages well then you're not going to get consistent instructions because basically Jesus just told this random group of Jews in John 6 for some bizarre reason to do communion for everlasting life which doesn't even exist as an ordinance yet the disciples don't even know what this is. But nobody else apparently and then in John chapter 3 he told one random individual in very poetic in direct language apparently to be baptised for everlasting life but he didn't tell anybody else in John's gospel for some weird reason. When Jesus spoke specifically to Peter it was deny himself take up the cross and follow me apparently but you know what false prophets are always wrong about what that means of course as I've demonstrated in other videos. Herein lies the problem. There is no unanimous agreement or biblical definition of what the appropriate saving works of love or Christ produced by a saving faith are. The Jews had the same problem in Jesus' time. In Mark 7 Jesus rebuked the Pharisees for enforcing commandments that weren't even in the Bible yet not following commandments that were in the Bible. They often explained away commandments like the law's requirements about divorce for instance. And so this leads me on to the second hole in the Swiss cheese and you may have actually already noticed this in the slides but what they do is they arbitrarily changed the definition of works either within the same verse or passage so they pick and choose when they decide that works are of the mosaic law and when they decide that works are of a saving faith as it suits them to do so. Or as an extension of this what they might do is cherry pick specific verses where works are described as being of the law and ignore the verses where it doesn't specifically say of the law. So let's tackle the cherry picking. Well actually not too long ago Honorato Diamante released a video very similar to the subject I'm covering in this video actually so I would encourage you to go on his channel and check it out I'll put a link in the description. And in his video he shows a Catholic channel and it's called How to be a Christian and he uses several verses to justify this argument that it's only works of the law that we're not justified by because but because of James too we are still justified by works just not of the law. And the summary of his argument was that all the works of the law are works but not all works are works of the law if that makes sense. But what he did was he specifically cherry picked the verses that do say of the law. He declined to include verses that say works not being justified or saved without directly mentioning the law like our classic favorite Ephesians 2 8 and 9. There is no mention of the law in this passage it just says works. Paul even takes it a step further and says not of yourselves if we were saved by any kind of works this statement would not be true. In fact the word law is only ever mentioned once in the entire book of Ephesians just a few verses later actually and it's in reference to Christ not your works and that's in verse 15. There is no indication that Ephesians 2 8 and 9 refers to of the law works only. So then when using this same passage that he conveniently left out watch the other Roman Catholic who I showed you earlier watch him change the definition of what works are in this passage. But Christ commands us in Ephesians 2 10 he ordained us to do good works. I mean meaning we have to do good works. Now false prophets rely on your stupidity.   So they're counting on you not knowing what they're doing here. If Ephesians 2 is saying in verses 8 and 9 that we are not saved by works of the Mosaic Old Covenant Law but we must do works of the new covenant for salvation in verse 10 then the definition of works has suddenly changed. Brian Mercy has changed the definition of works between verses 9 and 10 in the hope that you won't catch him out for doing this. So let's look at verses 8 to 10 on the screen here. Okay, so we're not saved by works but we are created on two good works. Has Paul inserted a clause between verses 9 and 10 to say that the definition of works has suddenly changed from one sentence to the next? Has Paul added any categories after the word works in either verse as in works of the law or works of love? Now Brian Mercy knows that most Catholics are intellectually and spiritually challenged. So he knows that they're just going to clap and say, wow brother you explain things so great, you know how can anybody stand against the Roman Catholic Church? Of course the only Catholics who actually bother to study the Bible and stay Catholic are the ones who complete a doctorate in how to parrot Catholic talking points and quote early church fathers ad nauseam. Now again people try these little tricks and say, well it says good works so we're not saved by works but we are saved by doing good works. Well the thing is Jesus said there's none good but God. Okay, Paul said there's none that does good. Okay, so good works or works it's still the same category. Either we're saved by works or we're not. So what are these New Testament works of love as it were? The Ephesians 2.10 is telling us that we should walk in. Well it doesn't strictly say in chapter 2 itself so let's just fast forward to later in the book of Ephesians. So it says in chapter 5 verses 1 to 3, be you therefore followers of Christ as dear children and walk in love as Christ has also loved us and has given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet smelling Saviour. But fornication and all uncleanness or covetousness let it not be once named among you as becomes saints. Now then, is abstaining from fornication a radical New Testament concept according to the law of love? It is based on Old Testament commandments. Is abstaining from covetousness a radical New Testament concept according to the law of love? It is also from the Old Testament. Even the Ten Commandments it comes from the Mosaic Law. Ephesians is not the only example of the New Testament commanding free and Christ believers to observe commandments from the Old Testament Mosaic Law even while saying we cannot be justified onto righteousness by said law. Paul repeatedly told us to observe commandments from the Mosaic Law in the same books where he also said there is no justification by works. James said if you fulfill the royal law and he's citing an Old Testament law when he says this, you do well in the same chapter as where he said that by offending one law you do so to the whole law. And all of this leads us to the next big hole in this nonsense. Jesus himself preached the law. So if we have to observe all of Christ's commandments and moral instructions under this New Testament Law of Love, then by definition we have to obey at least some of the Old Testament Mosaic Law. So I showed you a clip from Adam from Abide in the Word saying that we're not saved by the Old Testament Law. Now let's look at this double talking hypocritical politician say that we do have to keep the law because he uses Jesus' dialogue with the lawyer tempting him as an argument for the things that we have to do for eternal life when Jesus is quoting the Old Testament Law. There was a lawyer that came up to Jesus and he asked him, teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? And this is a great question. He said to him, what is written in the law? How do you read it?  And he said to him, this is absolutely insulting. You cannot earn your salvation. Who do you think you are? No, he actually said you have answered correctly. This is the right answer. So you see how the people that preach this they just make up their own rules, change them when it suits them.  An honest assessment of biblical language leads you to believe that works and law pretty much amount to the same thing. If salvation requires works of any kind then inevitably it requires keeping of the law. When Jesus told his disciples to love one another this is not some crazy New Testament concept that didn't exist before. The Old Testament commanded believers to love your neighbor as yourself and there were various laws that the Israelites actually had to do acts of loving towards each other in action. It wasn't just passively or in thought. They had to do something like for example being witnesses to crimes. Don't turn a blind eye to justice. Helping the poor and when your brother is in need and so on and so on. These are not crazy New Testament ideas. They were always there from the Mosaic law in the first place. In fact with maybe one or two exceptions or a handful at most almost all commandments in the New Testament specifically on moral issues at least come from the Old Testament Mosaic law either directly or building on the same ideas. Not only did Jesus himself preach the law he made the law even more difficult to follow than it was already perceived to be before. The Sermon on the Mount epitomises this. In Matthew 5 Jesus said that you have heard that it was said of them of old time you shall not kill but who so ever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment. But I say unto you that who so ever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment. And who so ever shall say to his brother Raker shall be in danger of the council but who so ever shall say you fool shall be in danger of hellfire. And just a few verses later he goes on to say you have heard it said of them of all time you shall not commit adultery but I say unto you that who so ever looks on a woman to lust after her has committed adultery with her already in his heart. To follow Jesus New Testament commandments you inevitably must follow Old Testament Mosaic law for which the Sermon on the Mount holds you to a higher standard than Old Testament Saints. Furthermore this same chapter tells you to be perfect so if you're going to follow his commandments according to this structure you must do so perfectly. As we already saw from every false prophet's favourite chapter in the Bible James said if you offend the Lorat to one point you are guilty of all so why should that be any different for this so-called new law of love when Christ is telling you to be perfect. Now at this point this is where the servants of Satan start to get desperate and they say things like Actually the works of the law that we don't follow are just ceremonial things like ordinances like circumcision and washings we still have to follow all the moral laws. Well this just exposes another whole in their Swiss cheese. So this whole is basically the false separation between moral laws and commandments and non-moral laws and commandments arguing that we are still obliged to do works of the former just not the latter. Now the book of Hebrews does explain that certain things are done away with. Because some things were a sign of their testament or the covenant. Furthermore Christians are commanded to do certain works that do set us apart from the unbelieving world and that's a whole video in itself we don't have time to go into it now. If anybody ever tries to use this argument ask them to confirm whether or not they believe that baptism and the Lord's Supper and the preaching of the gospel are required works for salvation. Because once again these false prophets talk out of both sides of their mouth and I've heard them do this. They say that we still have to follow these moral laws but then they impose non-moral issues as salvific requirements just saying that the Old Testament ones are done away with but the New Testament ones still apply. Well what has baptism got to do with fleshly sins? Does being baptised prove that anybody lives their life any differently? Likewise what has taking the Lord's Supper got to do with fleshly sins? Nothing. Preaching the gospel is a bit unique here isn't it? It's a somewhat unique commandment to the New Testament but preaching the gospel is not in of itself prove that you will live your life any differently.  But again another video for another day. But my point is that it's not just moral works and turning from fleshly sins is it? It obviously needs closer inspection than that when you start investigating everything that we have to do according to these people. One of the tricks that they will employ here is to point out that when Paul talked about not being justified by the law he was pointing to the circumcision issue particularly. Therefore they will say he was getting at not being circumcised for salvation justification, not other works which we still have to do for our salvation including those pertaining to moral issues and sins of the flesh and so on. Well in the book of Galatians you could sort of make this case insofar as Paul was tackling some of the Galatian members that were trying to bring circumcision into the churches and so yes in Galatians it was in response to that issue. In Ephesians very much like of the law it only mentions circumcision once but Paul doesn't apply it to the definition of works he's just saying that the Gentiles were of the uncircumcision but now have the promises and hope. I think Romans is the best book to completely dispel this fraudulent argument. So Romans 225 is the first mention of circumcision in the book of Romans. It starts with the word for which means it is a continuation to support an argument he was making prior to this so let's rewind. So he opens the chapter saying that you judge but are inexcusable because you do the same things and this is a continuation of Romans 1 where he just finished talking about the reprobate mind and the evil things that reprobates do and he was pointing to moral fleshly sin issues. As a side note the same false prophets that use this circumcision trick use Romans 2 6-8 to argue that we still have to do works to be safe so remember they themselves are using this passage to argue for work salvation. Carry on reading and Paul says that we who have sinned in the law will be judged by it because to be justified by the law you must do it obviously all of it. He then goes on to target the Jew specifically who rests in the law. A few verses later Paul challenges the hypothetical Jewish reader for judging and teaching others asking hypothetically if they do these things these are moral issues. And then after establishing these points he uses his comment on circumcision to justify what he just said regarding the moral law. After chapter 2 Paul will go on to explain in chapter 3 that everybody is guilty according to the law or have sinned according to the law. If he was only talking about circumcision specifically chapter 3 would be utterly ridiculous because almost every Jewish male in existence at least at Paul's time was by definition not sinning against this law and has not fallen short of the glory of God. Paul could have described the reprobate mind chapter 1 or the judgmental Jews in chapter 2 or the sinful men in chapter 3 as those who fail to meet the sacrificial requirements and fail to do the other cardinal ordinances like the washings etc. But Paul dealt specifically with moral laws, sins of the flesh adultery, stealing, wickedness etc. Romans 1 explained that it is these things that bring about the wrath of God. Therefore it is because of these wicked works that we cannot be justified by the law, not because of the circumcision issue. Paul did not use circumcision here to make a distinction between justifying works and non-justifying works. Instead he used circumcision to illustrate the futility of works justification for righteousness, specifically because we failed the moral aspects of the law, not the covenantal aspects. So when Paul says we're not justified by works of the law he's not stating that the reason we're not justified is because circumcision is pointless for righteousness. Rather he's saying that circumcision is pointless for righteousness because we are not justified by the works of the law and the reason we are not justified by the works of the law is because we failed the moral aspects of it abstaining from fornication, abstaining from stealing, not hating your brother and so on and so on. These are the reasons why we cannot be justified by our works. Watching the same way that Paul said that we cannot be justified by the law, Peter also said that the mosaic law was unbearable. Acts 15 documents a dispute among Christians over circumcision debating whether Gentiles ought to be circumcised. There was a certain sect of believing Pharisees verse 5 arguing that they needed to keep the whole law of Moses. Peter answers them affirming the Gospel is by believing in verse 7 and that both Jews and Gentiles were saved through grace verse 11 and he also says in verse 10 now therefore why tempt you God to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear. So let's try to put this into perspective. Circumcision is a one time act. You do it once and it's over with and only the men have to do it the women don't even have to do it. Now I do recall the story in Genesis where circumcision was made some grown men saw for a few days which I'm sure was very difficult for them but obviously not impossible and anybody who is circumcised as a baby has already met this requirement of the law. If we are supposed to buy this argument we are not justified onto righteousness by the works of the law such as circumcision, the unbearable law but we are justified onto righteousness by the law of Christ works which apparently includes all of the moral things and turning away from the sins of the flesh.  He should be able by the power of the Holy Spirit to overcome the sin of looking upon a woman to lust after that's not too unbearable for him but heaven forbid he get circumcised and I'd be asking the impossible. Is that what these fools are trying to tell us seriously? And I can already imagine their talking points here. Well the Old Testament law was impossible because you couldn't possibly present all the sacrifices Well actually if you turned from all of your sins and obeyed all of the moral requirements of Christ it wouldn't be that difficult because you wouldn't need to keep giving these sacrifices they would be easy laws to keep. Well what about the cleanliness rituals you couldn't possibly keep all of those could you? Well actually only unhygienic people have a problem with cleanliness and there are plenty of Christians who would find it easy to stay away from the congregation. Well John says his commandments are not grievous or burdensome.  He only mentioned two commandments believing and loving one another only believing was directly coupled with eternal life. Well Galatian says faith works by love you have to do the works of love well actually you're a moron who can't read because it says faith works by love it doesn't say faith works love who's love? God's love as it is written for God so love the world it's God's love that works faith therefore faith works by his love well Jesus gives you the power to overcome your sins well actually if God could give us the power in the new testament why didn't he just give the old testament Jews the power to do circumcision they didn't even need this power they succeeded at fulfilling circumcision yet Peter says this law was unbearable and look this thing that God gives you the power to overcome your sins quote unquote first of all the bible does not state that that's the Holy Spirit's role for a start the people who teach this haven't overcome their own sins and it's amazing to me how some of the most wicked evil lazy derelict hypocrites teach work salvation it's incredible and look up the word overcoming the King James concordance look it up in the present tense overcome the ongoing tense overcomeeth or the past tense overcame you will never find this terminology overcome your sins in the bible now sinless perfectionist of all kinds of varieties love to bang on about this concept every single day the bible never uses this terminology it's as simple as that and they use other sensational terms like the power of grace to overcome your sins overcoming the power of sin but again the bible does not use these terms they're just using the swelling words of man's wisdom and they've got this one verse in Titus that they use but again if they would actually learn to read that's not what it actually says it was the moral law where we failed Peter says that nobody was able to bear this yw because if you have to keep circumcision you have to keep the whole law including the moral law but it was the moral law where we all sinned and fell short of the glory of God on top of this Jesus made the moral law even more difficult than it already was in the Old Testament as we've just seen the new testament describes grace justification unto righteousness by faith as liberty if we are not obliged to the mosaic law but we have to keep moral commandments under the law of love to God's perfect standard by the way for righteousness then we are not at liberty rather we are under a heavier weightier more unbearable law than we already would have been under the old mosaic law so look this law of Christ versus law of Moses argument it's a complete fraud invented by the servants of Satan to preach work salvation but instead of just being polite and considerate and pissing off to Judaism with the Talmud or pissing off to Islam with the Quran or pissing off to Mormonism with the Book of Mormon they have to creep into Christianity an hour by but like little cockroaches and ruin it for everybody else this is no nonsense Christianity reminding you that it's by grace through faith that you saved and not of yourselves


Hi guys, today we'll be talking about how we leveraged automation to include the patches making work for router network at scale at eBay, following where the problems that we are facing when Netforce was not in place. So consider the case of subnet onboarding where CRE team has to always watch the graph as to how many IP accounts are available in a VPC and then they'll file a network ticket. Network folks will give a subnet and then it will be added to Neutron which was painful and lengthy. It took much of our time. It was not productive. The same case was with worth bare metal onboarding for Ironic. We had the same issues that you have to file a network ticket to place the bare metal into respective worth. So how to handle that? So we came up with Netforce to address these use cases to serve on-demand subnet provisioning for open stack bare metals and VMs also for Kubernetes ports and also worth bare metal support for a VPC. Subnet recycling can be handled sometime which we have not included yet and we also support CLI so that a network engineer can do the changes. Netforce is written in the same way as Neutron plugins. It uses Keystone for authentication and we have leveraged some of the features from NEPA which is an open source library by Spotify to configure some changes on the device thanks to the Spotify team for that. We do have current driver support for Nexus OS, Juniper OS and Arista OS. We don't use the vendor APIs. We directly use the CLI underneath. It's deployed in production running on Kubernetes as a global service and CLI to update all the operations. This is the base view of a BGP-enabled worth which I want to just highlight since we'll be targeting it for bare metal use case. So this is what a bubble looks like in a worth. It has a set of distribution switches and tours underneath the bare metals and the hypervisors. This is what a Netforce data model looks like. There's a data center object. There's a VLAN. There's VPC. There are devices. There are bubbles and I highlighted the definitions in the PPT. You can walk through it. Routed networks. So routed networks is pretty much same as the one which we use at upstream. However, we have some tweaks because the upstream patches were not yet merged when we went live. So I'll just highlight the differences that we are using here. One of them is physical networks, which is an object in our own Netforce model and Neutron model. It's an attribute in upstream. So basically there is no Tor object modeling in upstream. We don't allow access to access VLAN flipping because it's super risky and the other data objects which I have highlighted are pretty much needed when you play around with the routed networks in Neutron. This is what on demand subnet onboarding looks like. So following are the consumers. One is our Kubernetes. One is network engineer and the Neutron itself. So Kubernetes these days is heavy consumer of our IP space because they need more IPs for ports compared to what we need for VM. So we have a cloud IPAM which is a subset of global IPAM. Kubernetes will call cloud IPAM to get a block. It will then use Neutron to push the subnet and Netforce will actually push the subnet to the switch. If it's BGP it will directly be advertised and it's fully functional and ready to use for the VM. This is what the create subnet payload looks like. You post it basically. But in routed network you have to specify the VLAN on which VLAN interface you want to push the subnet. After you push it it will be available in Neutron. If you do Neutron subnet list as the subnet is directly available and ready to be used by our VMs, bare metals or Kubernetes ports. This is what will be added to the switch as a secondary subnet. Right now we support secondary subnet as a go live. We don't have the feature to support primary and these are create subnet sounds pretty simple but there are a bunch of validations where we have spent most of our efforts for a go live. So they are basically preset of validations push and post validations. In preset of validations you have to make sure the subnet is not overlapping. The routes are not overlapping cross az cross dc cross bubble. You have to always make sure that the DNS entries are properly working out. No one has reserved it somewhere and it's not using and if it's successful you go and push it on the device. After you push it on the device if it's BGP you have to make sure that the routes get resolved all the way down to the Tor which you added it and also make sure in the distribution switches that the routes are resolving and the routes aggregates are configured properly. If none of the if any of the parameters are failed in validation we roll back the chain. It's all and obviously I forgot to add the change request every change on the device you have to have a change request tracked. So that's how there are other bunch of validations. So for Ironic Andrew is not here unfortunately he is managing most of our Ironic stuff but I'll walk you through the requirements that we pinned through router networks in Neutron which Ironic also leveraged to provision the to flip the bare metal to the respective work. So this diagram will give you the complete idea. So we for Ironic will leverage the update host segment binding of router networks where say Ironic I'll just walk you through a quick example that Ironic provisions bare metal in a native VLAN. After it provisions through DHCP it gives the bare metal a static IP for the corresponding work. That IP comes from Neutron create port which is a router network. After the IP is assigned now is the time to flip the bare metal to the corresponding work which is flipping it to access and we didn't have we leverage the update host segment binding of Neutron. So Ironic can directly get the segment details and update host segment binding and call Neutron Neutron will internally call Netforce to update port VLAN operations and it will always it will push the changes to the switch and since Netforce is devised in such a way that not only cloud services underlying network infrastructure team can also use it since it's not tightened to only cloud devices it's scaled across all the network devices. This is how the payload looks like for Ironic it will just call update bindings as a port since it's an update and it wants to flip the VLAN mode to access but this one is also just one part which Ironic just calls this API but underlying Netforce does too many checks. One is you have to make sure that you always check the MAC address of the bare metal and the physical MAC address on the port to make sure it's in sync and also when you're flipping the flipping the VLAN for the particular bare metal you have to make sure that traffic is considered as a safety check. It's not one KVPS every company has their own standards for networking right now I guess we are using 60 KVPS to check that if you're before you're flipping you make sure that there is no traffic and no one is running something and if you if the operation fails you can check from the logs that it was failed due to traffic you can reach out to customer that hey who is using it stuff like that CLI is pretty cool we just have some base support for it you can list devices so this is what it will do Ironic actually even Ironic does update port this is what is happening calls update port you give the VLANs and you give check MAC so basically this is what the device configuration is right now so it's one access and the current port status is not the database status we always get the device from the device details because network engineer wants that there is no conflict because there are chances that someone can log into the switch and change the configuration so you always face the fetch the current one and if you'll see it got updated to one trunk and there is a trace ticket that we that we track that stamps the current as well as the rollback status if something breaks and this is what got pushed up into the device and the actual bare metal is already placed into the settings pre provision then right now we provision the subnets on demand for open stack VMs and bare metals using a background script with IP threshold set to 64 so if it drops below it it will treat regal the only one subnet creation workflow and it will release the subnet available for bare metals in VM and Kubernetes does the same way it calls IPAM gets the stuff and pushes so subnet recycling we are planning to add it later on which we have not addressed right now just to conclude what net force can do since I had a limited time slot and yeah so it's pretty much the infrastructure automation service can add more and we can add more and more features to it but this was the base case why we wrote this to support our cloud use cases but it can always do other stuff like bgp and stuff like that if you want to add new features thank you everybody and I will be available here for any questions I guess I don't have time right now but you can always stop by I can take one question no we have some plans to open sources it's not yet okay thanks everybody


Realizing all the reviews I've done on PF Sense I said wow I've never actually reviewed one of the actual NetGate devices. If you don't know NetGate's the company that's kind of the hardware vendor that helps support the PF Sense project and they make some really nice products. Now they're a little bit more money than some of the other ones but you get what you pay for. If you want really high quality you want to put this in somewhere where you're gonna say this is gonna run for the next however many years. I want good support. I want a no compatibility with the software running on it specifically PF Sense. These are great boxes for that. This is an SG 240 and I didn't even really open it yet. This is the generic looking box that they send it in and I'll just slide it in over there and this is how it comes just kind of you know shrink-wrapped to this. So we're gonna go ahead and open it up, not big on unboxing, just rip it apart and we can take a look at the box itself and all the accessories that come with it. Not that there's really much here so it's not gonna be a real long review. So I'll get this out of the way. Box itself is all metal and like really nice. It's well like the finish on it. It doesn't feel cheap. It doesn't look cheap. Really nice quality on it. The other thing is that the heat sink inside here as you can see, take a look down inside of it, big heat sink for dissipating the heat. Now the whole thing is not a heat sink like some of the other ones I've done but this is a well-made board with a large heat sink with the atom processor. Now we're gonna take a quick look inside this box next but you will notice it does not have a port on there for VGA because they do give you a standard USB council cable and a council port on this and that's the only way you get into these is through either council or through the web interface. They come default with the latest version up. You have sense with the you know ready to be set up. They do have a reset button and a couple status lights on it but overall they're pretty straightforward and simple. Now when you're looking at these they are really quality in terms of you know because you're getting them right from NET gate so you don't have to worry about is there an update coming that has a problem will it support this because this is supported by the PF sense people there expected to be installed and have a very long life and support a long time of updates. Also not having to worry about compatibility problems these are the devices that PF sense is tested on so if the hardware varies and different builds you do and you run into some compatibility problem you could have a problem with an update and with us we like to install these at clients because we do a lot of the updates remotely we don't want to have to stop in there if there's a problem with the update or have to roll it back. So going with the genuine NET gate device gives you that kind of strong feeling like okay this is going to work like I don't have to worry about it I can click update and generally I don't really have any compatibility problems with PF sense and their updates they work really really well. I've got a custom built server that we kind of overbuilt because we do so much testing here and you know we want to push it to the limit but this is definitely adequate for a small office and being able to run you know sericada if you want intrusion detection and a couple of features VPN not a problem got a gigabit internet not a problem it can handle the routing for it. So let's take a look inside. Now once you open it up it's pretty nice I like the way the battery is very accessible not soldered on I can just slip it out and do the CMOS reset on it a really clean design not a lot of things on here but we do have which is nice a SATA on here if you needed to run something off SATA and we have a couple of the PCIees I don't they're not labeled so I don't have the exact specs on each one of them but we've got one two three of them on here. So that's that's kind of slick. The hard drive itself is a Kingston so they didn't go with one of the off brand ones which is nice. There's a couple other ones and they start with the letters KIN and they have a logo similar to Kingston but there's some generic off brands out there and when you're talking about a firewall device that's going to be running for years do you want to trust some random I save $20 device. We've looked at them because we're noticing how they look so much similar to Kingston you can find these things on Amazon. Then the memory itself is over here soldered on which is not a problem and you know there's no expandability on memory on these so I mean you get what you buy here like there's no extras you're going to add to this other than it's got the punch outs here for Wi-Fi which I'm assuming is so you can saw Wi-Fi card here. Now this system as configured is has the dual core Intel Ringly Adam C2358 1.7 gigahertz it's a dual core you've got the four gigabit ports in the front that is four gigs of DDR3 low voltage soldered on there okay I guess they do have the expansions labeled it has one M-SATA and two mini PCIe so you actually have the ability with the M-SATA you know expand hard drive if you have a need for that. Now one of the really nice things is they're very power efficient only seven watts at idle the hard drive and everything is all you know one piece soldered on no worried about loose connections I don't mind that it's all built in because they have the expandability if that's what you need but generally speaking not really necessary and these do come with a 32 gig of the onboard sets a 32 gig Kingston plenty of room for PF sets. PF sense itself does not take up a lot of space only if you're doing a lot of logging and you need that extra storage on it to create really big logs but at some point get a syslog server as PF sense completely supports exporting everything to a syslog server where you can do some better analytics with other tools so nice box though overall I'm really impressed with it it seems to work really well and we've deployed these before and they're very trouble-free so highly recommend them if you want the genuine articles opposed to some of the other ones this is a great box to go with it's a little bit more money but like I said with everything you get what you pay for in life. I hope this review was interesting and if you like the content here like and subscribe or if you have questions about it let me know I don't have this one for a long because it's getting ready tomorrow to go into a client but as we get them if I do another review on them you know we can add some more answer some more questions for it thanks


For those of you looking to mail and receive holiday presents, make sure they are sent off in time. Overseas priority packages should be mailed by December 10th, and express packages should be mailed by December 17th to make it home to the states in time for the holidays. If your family is planning to send presents overseas, the U.S. Postal Service released a chart with deadlines to mail packages around the world. Be sure to remind them to use the full 9-digit zip code for your APO or FPO address so that your mail will be sure to make it to the correct destination. Any flat rate boxes are available online or free at local post offices. Check out usps.com for more information about mail-in-your-holiday cheer. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Jonathan Pankoff.