Good morning and welcome to this week's edition of Encompass Live. I am your host, Christa Porter, here at the Nebraska Library Commission. Encompass Live is the commission's weekly webinar series where we cover a variety of topics that may be of interest to libraries. We broadcast the show live every Wednesday morning at 10 a.m. such a time, but if you're unable to join us on Wednesdays, that's fine. We do report the show as we are doing this morning, and then it's posted to our website for you to watch at your convenience. And I'll show you the end of today's show where you can access all of our recordings. All of the live show and our archive recordings are free and open to anyone to watch, so please do share with your friends, family, neighbors, colleagues, if you think might be interested in any of the topics we have on the show. For those of you not from Nebraska, the Nebraska Library Commission is a state agency for libraries, similar to your whatever state library. So we provide services to all types of libraries in the state, so we'll have topics on our shelf for all types of libraries. So public, K-12, academic, corrections, museums, archives, really, our only criteria is that something to do with libraries, something cool that libraries are doing. Some resources or services we want to offer to libraries. So all sorts of things you find on our show. We do book reviews, interviews, mini-training sessions, demos of services to the product. We bring in guest speakers from across the state, across the country sometimes, but we also have Nebraska Library Commission staff that talk about services and things we're offering to the commission. And that's what we have today. Well, we have Library Commission staff not talking about services that we offer, talking about what they've been doing as they've been going to library school and working in a library at the same time. So with us today, I'm just going to have you guys, so you can introduce yourselves and talk about who you are and what you do at the commission and what you're doing in Library School and get right into the presentation. Linda, if you want to start. Okay. Hi, I'm Linda and I do interlibrary loan and reference services here at the Library Commission. I'm going to go to my first slide. I am a MLIS student right now at San Jose State University's iSchool and I'm in my second semester and it's a lot of work and I like it. And Amy, do you want to introduce yourself? Hi, I'm Amy Irons. I also work at the Nebraska Library Commission. I'm in the TVBS department right now, which is the Talking Books and Brails Service for Blind and Handicapped here in Nebraska and sometimes we outsource to a couple of days. And I am also currently in the University of Nebraska Omaha's library science program. I have a two-year degree from a community college from about 10 years ago. And so now I'm continuing to finish my bachelor's to move on to my master. So I definitely have a perspective on what library school is like, you know, 10, 15 years ago, what it's like now. And I am a big old nerd, so I am a loving school. So I'm about a year in, but I already, so I'm about a junior for my bachelor's right now. I'm a junior. Oh, cool. And yeah, you've already met Krista. Yeah, and I see you put men here that I've been mine. And I actually looked it up because it's been a while. And I will, full of this closure, I will say I received my master's in library science in 1991. And I got mine, I'm originally from New York, so I went to SUNY Albany, State University of New York at Albany, their library science program. I'm going to edit this slide for when we save it so then I can put that in there. Okay, sure. All right, so I'm just going to jump right in. I was looking for recent information about how many grad school students and and undergrad students are working full-time while they're in school. And there wasn't a lot of reliable recent information, but this Georgetown site for the, they have a whole website about the relationship between education and the workplace. And it's great research. Anybody looking for more papers to fill out whatever research project they're on, go look there. They have a lot of good stuff. So some key findings from this report from 2015 were that one third of working learners are 30 and older. Of the 14 million working learners, 19 percent have children. I'm not going to be able to speak to that, but Amy might be able to speak to that. The 25 percent of all working learners are simultaneously employed full-time and enrolled in college full-time. And that 40 percent of undergraduates and 76 percent of graduate students work at least 30 hours a week. That is a lot. And some acronyms that we're probably going to use in this session just to be clear what they are and some links to find out more information. The FAFSA, I would say that if you're even thinking about going to library school or grad school or any sort of school, one of the first things you want to do is fill out the FAFSA. Even if you think you won't qualify for federal student aid, the school that you enroll in might have some grants, might have some whatever sort of scholarships that you might not know about. But to get any of that stuff, you're going to have to fill out the FAFSA. And if you fill out the FAFSA, you can select which schools you want the information sent to. And that's a pretty good way to get those schools to contact you there. If you get your FAFSA information sent to a school, they will be contacting you with some catalogs and stuff like that. The public service loan forgiveness program. This is a whole big topic that you won't really have to worry about until you're out of school, but it's something to be aware of. There's a program right now, and this will probably change before we get out of school. But right now, if you make a minimum payment regularly every month for 10 years, you can then apply for the rest of your student loans, certain kinds of student loans to be forgiven. And it applies if you work in nonprofits and government organizations of certain types and libraries and museums qualify for that. ALA, the American Library Association, this is where you want to look and make sure that the program you're getting into is accredited. You don't want to get a degree from a non-accredited program because a lot of jobs require that your degree be accredited. And I know somebody who got a degree from an unaccredited program and had to go back to school to get another degree, so you don't want to have to do that. MLS, MLIS, there's a lot of different acronyms for the kind of degree that you can get. You might get a master's in librarianship. You might get... There's a lot of degrees. It depends on the school that you go to. So for more information about that, there's... If you click on that link for the ALA, they have some more information there. And then we'll take a look at the links over here. I didn't mention before. This live presentation will be available along with the recording afterwards after the show. So don't worry about trying to scribble down all these URLs or links or anything. You'll have access to this and be able to click on them later to get policies. Yeah. I've put in a lot of links at the end, anything I refer to. There's going to be a screen at the end with reference to check out. And the GRE, everyone's afraid of the GRE. I kind of... I like taking tests, though, so I was actually looking forward to taking the GRE. Call me crazy, but my program didn't require it. Your program might not require it. A lot of library science programs don't. So if the idea of taking the GRE is keeping you from going back to school, you might not have to take it. If you want more information about the GRE, there's information at that link. But your program will let you know whether or not you have to take it. Okay. Finding a program. Yeah. You want to ask the people that you work with, especially ones who share your interests or approaches to problem-solving, people who are doing things that you think are interesting, ask them where they want to school, ask them how they liked it. They might tell you they want to a place that they don't recommend to you, and that's good information to have, too. ALA has a list. Oh, there's supposed to be a link there. I'll put that in. And it's the link from the previous slide that is the list of accredited programs. I've said it already, but it's important enough to say again, make sure your program is accredited. Social media groups are a good way to find out more information. I found out from on Facebook, ALA think tank, people discuss it constantly, talk about what's good and not good about their programs. Let that be the only place you get information, but it is a good way to get recent information, what's happening recently. But you definitely don't just rely on social media for that information. When you're interested in the school, go to their website and find out the requirements for GRE, residency, tuition, any second or third languages that you need. Most library science programs, to my knowledge, don't require a second language, but don't take that for granted. And then, let's see, if the program is online, you want to make sure what the in-person requirements are, if any. And once again, you want to make sure the program is accredited. Okay, that's my dog. And you're going to get a lot of advice, and some of it is good advice for you and some of it is good advice for other people. So, you know, use your judgment. If somebody is telling you something is important or you've got to do something, you've got to do it this way, but it doesn't seem right to you, use common sense and get more information. Yeah, so Amy, did you get a lot of advice from people about where to go to school and what to actually hear at the Nebraska Library Commission, there was only one, like you had to go to a certain school and do the program in order for them to reimburse your tuition from our bylaw. So, you could only have a bachelor program from UNO and then masters from, I think, Missouri? Kent State? Is that where we have our, so I didn't, and which is fine because UNO is very, you know, very close to me, even though I do online, so that choice was kind of made for me, but I know, like, important university, you know, I hear a lot about different library programs across the country that are really good, and so definitely there's a lot of information out there to check out which one would work best for you, and a lot of them are online completely, which is super convenient and really great, especially for, you know, people who are adults and are working full-time like us, and I have a child and, you know, so yeah, it's really flexible and wonderful. I wouldn't be able to do it if I had to do in-person classes. Yeah, and I think there's something important to mention too, you talked previously Linda about filling out the FAFSA form for financial aid, but then Amy mentioned tuition reimbursement from wherever you're working at, that is definitely something to investigate if that would be a possibility. Well, that's the only, you know, that's the reason I went back to school is that because my job really encourages it and really wants people to get their library degrees and had it not been an option, I doubt I would have gone back to school because, you know, you kind of, you don't get into library sciences for, you know, the big paycheck, so I didn't, you know, it didn't cost effective for me to go back to school because I wouldn't necessarily make that much more an hour in terms of my salary if I did, but when it was offered to me, essentially, you know, we'll pay for you to go back to school, I jumped at the chance. Yeah, yeah, yeah, and I'm getting tuition assistance too to go to San Jose State, and it would not be feasible otherwise, I don't think, wouldn't not be a decision I made, so that is a thing to look at if you are looking for a job while you're in school that, to look for places that offer tuition reimbursement is, yeah. An amazing amount of grants and scholarships for library students, especially going back to school, I mean, when I was considering doing this before, I mean, the list is huge, so there is a lot of help and assistance out there for library students. Yeah, definitely, and I've noticed that library school programs seem to be, my school was already online, 100% online, even before the pandemic, and so their transition to pandemic teaching was pretty seamless, and that was, it seems that library school programs have, because of the nature of what they're teaching, have been good about trying to make information available in the easiest way possible to their students by offering as much online as they can, so yeah. To move on to the next slide about keeping it professional, so if you're in, if you're going back to school as an adult, you might find yourself in a situation, I have, where you are older than your professor, and even in that case, it's always good to err on the side of formality with a professor. The first time you email a professor, maybe don't call them by their first name, even if you met them in public, you would, you don't know what the professor had to go to, get to where they are, go through to get to where they are, so, but you don't need to be overly formal, if a lot of times a professor will in the early on announcements say how they want to be addressed, and if they don't, you can ask them err on the side of formality, say, good afternoon, doctor so and so, if they're a doctor or professor so and so, if they're not a doctor, and then you can say in that email, how would you like me to address you? That kind of politeness can go a long way. Class discussions online can get casual, they want us to be able to talk to each other, and have a free flowing share of ideas, but watch how casual you get.  TMI. Yeah, TMI. And yeah, everybody's going to see everything behind you on Zoom. So, you might be fine with sharing everything about your life, you might not be. I've worked on, for my classes, I kind of made a screen out of all of the stuff, the cardboard boxes I got shipped to my house during the pandemic, trying to make a nice little screen out of that to have behind me, but it can be less visually distracting to, so the people are actually listening to what you're saying if there's not a whole lot going on behind you. So, group work, you want to keep it professional in your group work, there's going to be a whole slide later on about group work, because everybody loves group work, right? And, if you're talking in social media groups geared towards your cohort, don't assume that what you're saying stays in the group. I've seen in a Facebook group that was geared towards my cohort in a previous iteration, where people made comments that were, maybe they shouldn't have made about professors, just remember anything that you put online can be brought up again later, so just keep it professional even when you think that nothing will leave the group. Some things to set up for yourself. Earlier you do these things the better, but it's never too late to make changes to help yourself out. You do want a dedicated place for schoolwork, even if it's a small little table and chair, even if it's one corner of a room in your house, just a place where your mindset can be about school. And if you are lucky enough to have a place like this at home, it's also good to have a backup, in case something happens at home, your landlord decides to replace your roof or there's a power outage in your neighborhood or something like that, to have a backup of a place where you could go, a coffee shop or a library in your town where you know you can go to work if you can't work at home. And if you are doing schoolwork at home, the fastest internet package you can afford is probably a good idea, especially if you're sharing your home with other people, friends or family. You don't want somebody's streaming video games to slow down your class meeting video, that you don't want your homework to have to suffer because stuff takes a long time to download or anything like that. There's a ton of government programs, especially during the pandemic that can, especially for adult students, will give you free internet. We'll pay for your internet, often your school will have programs that you can get, some kind of discount on your internet, so definitely check out those things for your internet providers if you're in school. Thank you. Yeah, thank you. Thank you for mentioning that. I'm going to add that to the slide, because that is a really important point. It's kind of in flux. Your community might provide all kinds of different services or packages, so definitely take Amy's advice there and look into it. So you're also going to need to talk with your friends, your family, your family of choice, your coworkers as well, about the fact that you're in school and what this means for how available you are. And it's not like you're going to be able to have this conversation and say, well, sometimes I won't be as available to do things. And then it's not like then that's settled and you'll never have to talk about it again for the next three years. So you'll just work on the communication about this and the more you communicate about it, the better it works, I think. It's good to talk to other people that are in your same situation who are working and going to school, either people in your classes, friends and family that you already know or people online, just so that you can talk to people about the frustrations and successes in a way that they will understand that maybe other people in your life who aren't in the same exact situation won't understand. And you want to get as much healthcare as you can. This is a fraught topic and it's different depending on where you live. But one thing, especially vision care, it might be time for reading glasses, it might be time for computer glasses. I've had to wear glasses since I was in third grade, so I don't have any sort of hang up about needing glasses. But I know sometimes as people think of that as a sign of getting old or something, but your eyes don't put on your glasses and be like, oh yeah, I need to wear these. And it can happen really, your vision degrades really gradually. So you might not even realize when I am working at home or during the pandemic, I was mostly working on a laptop. And then when I came back to work and I was working on a screen that looks different than the laptop in my laptop did.  So you might, if that's not working for you, if the straight across more ergonomic placement of your monitors is not working for you, you might want to lower your monitors or look into getting computer glasses. I'm sorry to say that, it's true. Okay, there's my dog again. So yeah, you gotta take breaks, you gotta remember to breathe. When I was looking through advice, I asked on one of my social media groups for my cohort, what advice would you give in this webinar that I'm gonna do? And a lot of the advice was, don't make yourself crazy with this, you're gonna do what you can do don't worry about it, just keep your head down and keep working. And then a lot of people were giving advice like, you'll sleep when you're dead, keep going, work hard, you can do it. And so there's different kinds of approaches and you'll know which one is right for you.  But if you're not that kind of person and you would rather take some breaks and that's how you learn, then just remember to do what is right for you. So, hey Amy, in your studies, are you, do you have the option of looking at certain different things about library school? Are you only learning about archive stuff or...? Well, and here, to interpret this as a library career is that it is so multifaceted, you can specialize in anything that you could think of. There's fashion libraries, there's art libraries, there's law libraries. So the main degree is library sciences and so that really focuses on the actual in the library and most of the time it's focused on public or academic.  And then I think what a lot of students do is their minor is what they would like to specialize in. Like I am an artist and I love art history so I decided to do a minor in art history. Now, whether or not that will facilitate a job someday, you know, my dream job working in a, you know, a museum as their archivist or their cataloger of their materials, that would be amazing. But that's what's so great about librarianship is that, you know, you don't get stagnant or you don't have to. If you like being a children's librarian and you want to stay in that and do that for 30 years, that's awesome.  That's one of the five laws of librarianship is that it's a growing organism that we are constantly evolving to serve the public as we go on. And also we are constantly evolving as ourselves as librarians. We can, you know, you get tired of doing one thing, hey, learn a new skill, go somewhere else and do something else. That's what's so great about it. And so I found that I, you know, when I realized that I could get a minor in art history, I got really excited because I tend to do, I think everyone can see that they, you know, you do better in classes and learning in subjects that you enjoy and that you're interested in. You know, when I was in high school, like I didn't do so well in math or, you know, calculus or things like that, because I wasn't very interested, but I excelled in English and art and things like that. So definitely, you know, go for things that interest you. Yeah.  Do I want to research what I already do because I'm familiar with this or, and it will help me at work, or do I want to research something else entirely? What is, what is the right way to go? And the answer is that there is no right answer. Yeah. You don't want to limit yourself if something really interests you. You don't want to close off researching that because you're never going to get a better opportunity than when you're in school, but you don't want to completely unmoor yourself from what you already know. So if you think, well, I'm kind of interested in, I'm interested in children's library work, you know, maybe look at that, do a little research before you decide to spend a whole class on that, you know, maybe you want to do children's library work, but then you realize that maybe you don't like being around children, you know, that's probably not a good, good field for you just because you like kids books. Your feelings make change. I know when I started library school, I assumed I was going to go into public libraries as a final job because that's all I really kind of knew. I've gone to the public library since I was a little kid. My parents, every Saturday, mom worked and dad took us to the library. It was a thing. I mean, since I was little, I assumed that I would go into and then once I finished my degree, I ended up getting a job in a university and I never looked back. I just stayed there. I never ended up in a public library. Yeah, yeah, that's what makes me love it. And I think now I am in off and of public librarians because now that I hear more, oh, so I was only seeing it from the outside, not the behind the reality. And now I know the public librarians talk about it, and I know I could never see that. Right, right. That's a better. I took government documents class in library school. And I can't remember if it was a required or elected at this point, but it was about doing GovDocs work. And I learned that's something I could never do either as an actual job. No, this is my head just as exploding about this. It just can't wrap my mind around that kind of, those kind of documents. And that's fine. I didn't end up in cataloging at all. I was referenced and that was my, yeah, but I took the class and then learned don't go that direction. Yeah, right. So yeah, you might take a class and then when you're done, you might be like, well, I learned something there. And one of the things I learned is I don't want to do that anymore. I mean, it's nicer now since mark records are mostly online. And so you can sort of copy paste them. But man, 10, you know, 15 years ago, they didn't really have that that much. And so you had to make your mark records yourself. You haven't cataloged your class yet with mark records. Woohoo! Good luck to you. Yeah, well, yeah, that's another people catalogers. Bow down to you. So yeah, I love it. Along that line, it's like, one thing that I look at, I get on as many email lists of things that interest me as much as I can. I have them go to one folder on my outlook, so that they're not coming in all day needing to be read. But when I have time maybe once a week, I just scroll through and see what's in there. And there's a lot of job postings. And it's interesting to see who's hiring. And catalogers are always hiring for catalogers. There's always posts for that. So that's another thing to think about too is if you think, well, I want to be... I have a friend in Washington who's a maritime archivist and he loves it. But if I wouldn't go into school thinking, I'm going to be a maritime archivist because there aren't that many jobs in that. So you might want to think about... I would love to be an archivist at a design house, like looking at couture garments, but again, there's not that many jobs in that field. You'd need to have a very specific plan of attack to get to a job like that. So you want to be aware of drop deadlines and don't feel bad if you drop a class. If you get into a class and you're like, this is not for me. This is a bad idea. Go drop it. There's no shame in dropping a class. If you don't drop a single class the whole time you're in school, you might not have taken as many chances as you should have. Just watch the deadlines so that you don't pay for a class that you drop. I was going to take a couple classes this summer and they're accelerated in the summer. And so I took the first one and it was a lot. It was Young About Literacy, so we had to read a lot. And so then my next class was coming up a week later. He's like, you know what? I'm going to take a break. I'm getting a little burned out. And so I just went ahead and dropped that second class for the summer and just took like a month and a half off before the fall. And I tell you, I needed that. Yeah, that's good. Along the lines when I was getting two kinds of advice, one, take it easy. Don't do more than you can do. And the other one, sleep when you're dead. It's good to, for me, I don't want to take classes in summer. I want to have summer off. It helps me reset for the rest of the year. I think that I do better work the rest of the year if I don't take classes in the summer. For some people, they won't be in school all the time. So it's summer classes are good for some people and not for others. Don't feel bad if they're not for you. But don't feel bad if they are for you, either. Yeah. So even if you take a class that is in a field where you think you know everything, I'm in a database class right now. It's kind of an intro database class that I have to take as a prerequisite for other classes. I basically live in a database here at work. So I could be like, oh, I know all this. I'm not gonna learn anything in this class, but I'm going into it with looking to see what I don't already know or what might change how I think about what I think I already know. You're gonna learn, even if it's a class that you think you know everything, you might get some surprises out of it. So let's see. And when you do end up in a group assignment though, it is good to clarify with your group a level of familiarity with a topic or project or assignment. I had a group assignment where we had to work on a vision statement and budget for a library. And it turned out one of the people in the group had just done this at her library, and she had been in charge of it. And so her coming in and telling us all, like, here's what I'm familiar with, that took the pressure off us thinking that we needed to be... Then we knew we weren't all on exactly even ground. So if you know, if you're going into a project and you have a lot of familiarity or expertise on the topic, just let people know so that they know how to split the project up better. Let's see. And you may have a class where you have a project that is where you get to pick a topic, and maybe you want to pick a topic that you worked on in a previous class. That can usually be okay. You might want to communicate with your professor and say, hey, I did this previous work in this area, and I want to continue working on that. They can give you some advice, and the Writing Center at your school can give you some advice as well about how to not self-plagiarize, how to create work that is still authentic but effective. Okay, back to group work. You're gonna have to do group projects in almost every library school program, and you might think, why do I have to do this now? I work in a group at work. I am an adult. I already know how to work with other people. And I used to be hesitant about group work, and I've come to appreciate it, and you kind of have to frame it for yourself in a way that you'll appreciate it too. It'll be a lot easier for you if you do. My experience with group work in grad school is it's a lot better than it was in undergrad. I finished my undergrad as a non-traditional student. I was in groups with people half my age who were more interested in talking to each other about where a party was and other things like that instead of trying to just get our work done and get out of there. But in grad school, there's a different level of commitment from the people in your group. I'm not saying that you're not going to get somebody who won't do work, but you have a much better chance of like-minded people who want to do the work to get the project done and get the project done well. It's a good way to learn about other jobs, other libraries, other perspectives. Again, I said this previously, but you do want to clarify your level of familiarity with the topic or project or assignment. And the school I'm in in San Jose State, they have an introductory class where you have to form a group, and you have to have an agenda, and you have to have a group charter. And it was a really good first step back into the group project waters. Group charters are really important, and I'll put a link to that in the link to examples of charters in this presentation before we put it online. There will be surprises in group work, and your professor knows that. If it turns out that I was in a group project where a really smart, reliable, intelligent student who worked really hard had to drop out because of a family issue. And the professor understood that that's going to happen.  They'll work with you. Your professor is not there waiting to fail you.  Another breathing screen. So yeah, don't aim for perfection. Do aim to learn, even if you're used to being the best, even if you hate making mistakes. The most important thing you're going to learn in grad school especially is that you need to let that go. So homework will expand to fill the time if you let it. You could do homework 24 hours a day. You don't have to do that. I agree. It's really difficult to find the balance, especially like adult students or students that are coming back after a long period or have families and children and busy, busy lives, but they want to just succeed so much. I suffer from it myself. I have a 4.0, and I get irritated if I miss a couple points of assignment. Even though I still have A, even though it's fine, even though the professor knows I'm more than capable, and I'm organized, and I do all my homework and things, I still get on myself. And so I try to really give myself a break about that. You really have to find the good balance. For example, I take an art history course, and so it's all online, but you have to watch at least three hours of lecture a week for that chapter in the book or whatever, but I know not to sit down and try to do it all at once. On Monday I'll watch 45 minutes of it, and then Wednesday I'll come back and continue it. And so you kind of have to split it up into manageable bites so as to not overwhelm yourself and really don't try to get so hard on yourself about being perfect or getting a perfect score or anything like that. As long as you're learning, as long as you're absorbing information, I think that's important. And I mean, I'm talking big here, but I also have a 4.0, and it does matter to me, too. I try not to take it matter, but I never had a 4.0 in my life, I don't think. Yeah, well, and you know what, if you're in school and all that's going to matter is just that degree, they're not going to care if you have a 4.0. They don't care. But I don't think I've ever been asked in any of what my GPA was. Real quick, because I see we're getting close to the end, so I'm going to zip through this one. What if I don't have my first library job? So this has mostly been geared towards library workers in library school, but your program will help you. Talk to your advisor. Use program resources to get an internship as early in the process as possible if you don't already work in a library. The library working experience paid or unpaid is probably as important in getting a library job as a degree is, in my experience. Of the three library jobs that have one experience? Yeah, yeah. So take advantage of any reduced rate for professional organizations or conferences. This applies if you're already working in a library. I got to join the society, the SAA of Archives Society for free because paid for through my school, so take advantage of that. Sign up for email list using your personal email. This is a tip for me. Your moves might vary so that you still have access even after you graduate. And this applies if you're already working in a library. And while conferences are still virtual, attend as many as you can. And look for those degrees. You're working in a library as a professional, but you're also a student. Yeah. That student rate option for any of those conferences or professional organizations. Yes, I sign up for student rate. Definitely. So some self-care. Don't quit. Don't quit. Your program will have resources to help you if you feel like quitting. You might be able to take a semester off if you have a bigger life event that makes school feel impossible, but it's easier to take a semester off and come back than it is to quit. So don't think that just because something is going on that you have to quit. And if possible, have some scheduled nights, days, or weekend days where you do not do any homework. For me, that's Monday night. On Monday nights, I am tired. It's not very effective use of my time to do any homework. So one possible I don't do homework on Monday nights. So schedule your homework time and reschedule as needed. You could do homework 24 hours a day if you let that happen and you don't want to let that happen. So just try and figure out times in the week when you look at your course load. Like, okay, on Tuesday, I'm going to do some reading. On Wednesday, I'm going to do my posts. On Thursday, just try to make it a pattern and it'll be easier to fall into it. And if one week goes badly, that's okay. You can make the next week better. A whole other webinar, Plan Easy Nutrition. You can tell I used to be a food blogger that I put that in there. And then take full advantage of any counseling or healthcare that your program provides. Be kind to yourself. You can do it. One of the things that, a piece of advice that doesn't work for everybody, but I say like, eat the whole donut. Like, don't take half a donut. Just take a whole donut. Some technical tips. Using a tablet to read PDFs can give you more flexibility. You can read them curled up on the couch if you want to do that to yourself. So figuring out a way to use a PDF that you need to read onto a tablet if you have one can give you more flexibility than sitting at a desk and reading. Depending on your tablet or device, you might be able to set a night reading function that is easier on your eyes, back to the eye health. Your college or university library is your friend. They can help you and they want to help you. In our library alone, that's what I do. It might be a possibility for your textbook. So I bought my textbooks because I like to underline. I got a copy of one of my textbooks on Interlibrary Loan so I can have it here at work at my desk. So in case I take a coffee break and have a minute, I have it to read. I haven't actually opened that book yet though, that copy. That's funny. I've only opened it at home, but it's there if I need it. It makes me feel secure. Social media groups for students at your school might be another source for used textbooks. I see that in some groups I'm in. And if you still want to read for pleasure, of course you do. Audio books.  Let someone read to you. I just finished one in the car on my way to work today. That was so good. So here's the references. I'll add a couple links to this before we post it. Thank you for attending. Yeah. Thank you, Amy and Linda. I actually want to bring in someone else here.  I've unmuted you from my side. You can unmute yourself. Laura, Laura Inklin-Biggs is a library director at our Keen Memorial Library in Fremont. And she is actually in the University of Missouri, the Missouri program right now. So she is in things in the program. Hey, Laura. Hey, actually I'm not in the program now. I graduated in 2006, but I work for the program. And I'm a library liaison for Nebraska. So if anyone has any questions about attending University of Missouri at Columbia's MLS program, they can reach out to me either at Keen or at englandleatmissouri.edu. I also run the practicum program. So I appreciate you're talking about how important those internships and practicums are. So when you were in the program yourself, it was when you were actually working too, though, right? Yes, I was working full time the whole time. And everything you said, big amen. I love the being respectful with your professor and asking how they want to be addressed because I'd rather you call me Professor Inklin-Biggs and let me say call me Laura. Yeah. But yeah, for other respect library students, there's a huge network of librarians. All we want to do is help each other and talk to each other and network. And there's so many resources out there. And anytime you want an internship, or I swear, you will meet at least 12 people who are just as zany and insane about libraries as you are. And they just like, we'll just try to convert you into our tribe. The University of Missouri is like San Jose. We are completely online. We do not require the GRE. There are resources for scholarships, et cetera, et cetera. So yeah, put my plug in for the Tigers. I know a lot of people here in this area have gone there because it is nearby. We do offer in-state tuition as well. Oh, nice to Nebraska. For Nebraska. It's a reciprocal agreement. Nice. I had a question. Oh, practicums. Yes, dating experience at an actual library is a great idea. We highly encourage that as well at the library commission. We offer internship grants to libraries to pay paid internships for libraries to bring in someone who's a college student or high school student who hopefully might be interested in becoming a librarian afterwards. So we highly recommend libraries to reach out to us to apply for one of those grants if you know someone who's interested. Or if you're interested in it, contact your local here in Nebraska, at least contact your local public library and say, hey, can you apply for one of these? Right now our internship grants are open. Just give a little push about that for next year. Also, and Krista would know more about this than I do, but if you're watching this and you're in Nebraska and you're thinking you want to do this but you're not sure, the commission offers some library education and maybe you want to take one of those classes and that can give you a feeling for what it would be like to be back in school. That's true. Yes. We call our basic skills program, which is for anyone to take who is a working in a Nebraska library or just a Nebraska citizen, if you don't have to be working at a natural library, and it's a series of classes throughout the year on different aspects of librarianship. The main reason is for some of our staff who have not been through an official library school program, but they need some of the training and education for that, they can take these courses. It's kind of like a mini version of going to full-time library school. Overview more, but anyone who wants to can jump into those Nebraska citizens and try one and see what, and you will talk to lots of other librarians. It's a good way also for you. That's a really, that's a fantastic thing that the commission offers. That is one of those things. I remember when I first learned about it, I was like, that can't be real. That's such a good tool. So definitely look into that and I'll add a link to that to the presentation, even though that's on our website already. We were talking here about working in a library and going actually to get your MLS, your Master's in Library Science, but we here at the Library Commission, we know being in a very rural state with lots of small communities and small libraries, one-person libraries. We do have a lot of library staff, library directors who just don't have the ability to go to school. It's just not going to be able to be a thing for them, but we know they need the training to do their jobs. That was the original reasoning to this basic skills program is for all of the people that just library school, they can't do. They can get the training to do it. It also has other purposes as well. They can get their public library and certification by taking those classes, which helps get any jobs in Nebraska whole connection. But that's not a requirement either. You can just pick a class because you want to. Yeah. All right, so we did just hit 11 a.m. central time. Anybody online have any questions, comments, anything else you want to share about your experiences or questions you have for Linda, Amy, or Laura, who's here with us too. Go ahead and type into your question section. And what I'm going to do while we can see, I'm going to pull the central control back to my screen. So I want to show you guys all the way in here. There's just gotta go in the next thing. Thank you so much, Laura. Hopefully people will be in touch with you. The grant says just talking about the internship grants if you want to work in a library, but also we do offer here in Nebraska. And if you're not in Nebraska, look in your own state to your state library, continue education and training grants, CE grants that we can help you take certain educational courses for the grant internship here. And these grants are going to open up for the next year in October. So you can do online learning courses. We can help you pay for attending conferences or workshops or doing major content CE or training projects at your library with these courses. So if you're looking for other kind of continuing education and training, that's another way to go. I took one of those cataloging classes, which I think will help me when I take the cataloging class next semester. All right. So I think we're out for that question. If you have any questions, desperate urgent questions you want to ask right now, that's fine. Contact Amy Lindo for Delora if you're interested in the Missouri program, if you do have any questions. Our recording will be available here is our end compass live website with our upcoming shows and then our catch a link right here. Today she'll be at the top of the list. By the end of the day tomorrow, at the latest, as long as YouTube and GoToWebinar cooperate with me. Everyone who attended this morning and register for day show, get an email from me letting you know when it's available. There'll be a link to the recording on our YouTube channel and a link to Linda's slides, which is going to do some editing and updating too. And then we'll get the updated version on here. We do have a search feature I'll mention while we're here. So you can see, you can search our show archives. Do you want to look for any other topics we've had on the show? If there's been a topic you're interested in. You can search the full archives or just the most recent 12 months if you want something to limit to just current. That is because this is our full show archives. And I'm not going to stroll all the way back, but this goes back to when NTVS Live premiered in January 2009. So we're at what 12 something years and they're all here. So it's a huge list. Just pay attention though then since this is a full archives when you are watching or recording when the original broadcast date was. Many of these shows will stand the test of time and still be good useful info. But some things may become outdated. Services or programs may have changed drastically. Links may be broken. Things might not exist anymore 10 years later. So just pay attention. But we are librarians, archivists as you mentioned Linda, and we'll keep as long as you have a place to host them. We'll keep all of our archives up here on the recordings on the page. Encompass Live also has a Facebook page. If you like to use Facebook, give us a like over there to get reminders about our show. Here's your reminder to log in to today's show. When recordings are available, here's your reminder that last week's recording went up. We'll post them on here. We also have a hashtag and comp live that we'll use on Twitter and Instagram that we post things on there. So if you'd like to keep an eye on us there as well. My camera decided to die at being there. Oh, you're back. So thank you everyone for being here this morning. Thank you, Linda and Amy. This was great information. Hopefully we'll get some more librarians in the field interested in attending library school. Awesome. Thanks so much. We encourage and support it. Thank you, everybody. And I hope you join us next week when we're talking about education, but a different way to connect at Nebraska. It's a way of schools getting wireless internet access and that they can actually work with libraries to expand that. I'll let Brett Beaver explain it more next week in more real. I only half understand exactly how they're doing this, but it's a great resource for libraries in school to help with getting internet connection to students. And also any further upcoming shows, go ahead and register for them. As you see, I got September all filled in here. And I've got another October today that I'm going to get put up there. So keep your eyes open on our schedule. One reminder is coming up. Once a year, we do not do Encompass Live, and it's the week of our State Library Conference, the Nebraska Library Association Annual Conference. So this year it is on the week of October 13. There we know Encompass Live that week. So attend NLA if you're in Nebraska. You can see here there is partially in person day and there's virtual day. So you can do whichever works for you. So thank you everybody for being with us here this morning. And hopefully we'll see you on a future Encompass Live. Bye.


He smashed his head against steel doors before matches with a roof of this. All I saw was CTE right there, all I saw was CTE. What's good Josh, it's your boy Ross, back again with another video so we're gonna check out Top 10 No Sellers in Wrestling History by Wrestling Flashback. I've been looking forward to checking this video out for the past few days, I've just been busy with other videos that I wanted to check out as well but this particular one I've been looking forward to it man so we're about to sit back, relax and enjoy this one Wrestling Flashback always has the great videos and this one I know is gonna be a good one as well. Appreciate all the love and support you guys shown on the channel, let's get right into this one man, I'm looking forward to it. No selling is a trope that shows just how wacky resting can get. For this video. That clip, it's just, and don't get twisted, WWE has done certain segments where wrestlers should be selling and they're not selling, like doing back to back finishers and stuff like that.  Here we'll be looking at those who frequently no-soll offense in the ring, but rather than wrestlers who poorly sold a certain spot over the course of a match, we're highlighting those immediate in the moment no-sells in American wrestling that fans spot over the course of a match. We're highlighting those immediate in the moment no-sells in American wrestling that fans either loved or hated. Today we list the top 10 wrestlers who no-sold their opponents. An honorable mention goes to the legendary Luchador, Mil Mascaris. It was once said that it was a good thing Mascaris sold tickets because he never sold anything else. To do jobs. And this too played into how he reacted to opponents' offense. Brody was adamant about not looking weak so was to protect his aura as an unbeatable monster. Number 10, Brock Lesnar. Lesnar has often been commended for his tremendous ability to sell other wrestlers' offense. That's the thing, it's crazy because Brock will sell.  But it was also fun to see the Beast completely shrug off what his opponents throw at him. This was Lesnar's comment in Brock's first run with WWE. This made sense since wrestlers were now going to have an even tougher time taking Brock down following his success in every minute. Number 9, Goldberg. On top of being a free hybrid athlete, Goldberg's unstoppable booking in WCW made fans believe he was impervious. The way he smashed his head against steel doors before matches was proof of this. But that's the thing, that was his gimmick. Just a couple moves, a dominant force, jackhammer, spear combo, bottom boom bottom beam, that's it. He was not there to have a 5 star classic.  You can hit him with a couple moves, he's going to know so get right back up and destroy you some more. Goldberg was so famous for no selling that when he actually sold during his match with DDP at Halloween Havoc, it shocked everyone. Goldberg was hurt for real on this occasion after concussing himself with a spear. Number 8, Kane. The big red machine resembled a horror movie villain that couldn't be destroyed. Kane, early Kane, even when he took his mask off for a little bit, he was just an unstoppable force. But when he first came into the scene in WWE with that gimmick, aww, bruh, he scared me as a kid. After all the stuff Kane had been through in his life, it seemed impossible to hurt him anymore. He's made it all the more believable when he no sold. Just when wrestlers thought they'd got him, Kane would sell. Certain wrestlers can pull off the no sell. These guys were larger than life. It made sense that sometimes a finisher would not stop them, a weapon wouldn't stop them because they're larger than life legit. You would have to really add some force, you would really have to hit them multiple times to take them out. Number 7, Ultimate Warrior. No selling was a key part of the warrior's character. I know Hulk Hogan is going to be on this list. The question is, will he be number one, y'all? Let's find that together. Especially when we check the rules. This gave the warrior his powers while the subsequent reaction from the fans gave him his energy, all of which built to the big finish. The warrior saved his most egregious no sells for WrestleMania. Warrior once kicked out of 5 match-up elbow drops. Warrior once kicked out of 5 match-up elbow drops. Number 6, Taz. As a no-nonsense straight shooter, Taz quite literally said F you to his opponent's move. This version of the character came about after Taz broke his neck in 1995.  Taz's no selling was that he passed down to his son, Hulk in all elite wrestling. Number 5, Road Warriors. The road warriors were renowned no sellers who made not registering offense a key part of their act. Hulk who seemed to be immune to pile drivers amongst other moves. Hulk's double finisher No Selvers, RVD and Kane on Raw in 2003 were said to have crossed the road warriors future bookings in WWE at the time. Hulk would pass only a few months later, meaning the duo never got a definitive final run as a team. Number 4, Samoan wrestlers. Samoan wrestlers are famous for their hard heads that have allowed them to brush off more attacks than most. An unwritten rule of wrestling is that you should never headbutt a Samoan as their skulls were said to be much denser making head attacks against them use us. So basically being a Samoan just makes you impervious to attacks.  Like, literally because of your blood and DNA, you don't have to sell. That's funny bro. Although not a Samoan, Tongan wrestler Meng is considered one of the toughest men in the history of the business and this was reflected in how he was portrayed on screen. But when his glasses didn't even come off, that's the crazy thing. Even his glasses no soul to chair shot. He wants no soul being sprayed by mace, something that was alleged to have happened in real life during a scuffle with police. Number 3, The Undertaker. In the early part of his career, he kept his nose selling added to the mystique of his gimmick as an undead wrestler. As his career progressed, the dead man maintained numerous supernatural elements that first debuted with the original character. Yeah, he thought he was going, I remember that. When he did it the first time, it was, it was, bro, that was such a crazy moment. Maven, eliminating the Undertaker and then they tried to run the spot back again. He hit Maven thought he got the job done. Oh Maven. Oh, oh Maven. This was a really good match too. In the pin-on, would shake off moves and attacks by sitting up. And it worked for his character, worked for his character bro to no sale and to hit that. A trope borrowed from the Sasha movie villains like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. And now somehow, we're going to put the Undertaker away. I love it. I love this bro. You can see a punk's face, look at the Undertaker bro, this is meme worthy bro. It was in a body bag and still got up bro. It works with certain wrestlers. It works. It works. I love the bomb. That was cool. That's why we love the rock. He sat up in the rock.  Rest in peace bro. In WCW, Sting possessed the special power that allowed him to absorb damage without being affected. He would simply flex, beat his chest and brush it off. Now he's going to train, get him in the wild, drive him to the top. It didn't matter if he... I just wish they woulda did their job for Sting at WrestleMania. That's all. To see if a suplex or chops from Ric Flair, there was no stopping the Stinger. He's taking it right in there. Sting's no-selling didn't just work back in the day. It proved to be a hit with fans in multiple eras, proving that no-selling of this nature can still prove effective if used in the correct circumstances with the right character. It works. And here's the thing. I know I said earlier the whole Canadian destroyers back and forth. In a match context, it kind of takes you out. But with certain wrestlers, their gimmick has been built off that. Even though you could say it's somewhat the same thing, I get it. But they've been built larger than life figures. So it works. Not everybody can do that, obviously. Going around doing Canadian destroyers all over the match is a different no-sell situation than a wrestler eating a chair shot or a table shot or falling through a table and getting right back up like, nah, that didn't faze me. It just depends. There's little caveats to it, so. Number one, Hulk Hogan. Hulk Hogan made a career. I knew it. He had to be number one. And if you're talking about somebody no-selling, there's only one person in wrestling history that's not going to sell. It's him. One of the biggest wrestlers of all time is also notoriously known for not selling. Career of no-selling is opponents. Yeah, the Hulking up and everything. First we'll look at how the Hulkster would pop straight back up after being hit with big moves and not show any sign of damage. Yep. He got right back up. And there was the Hulk up, the iconic taunt where Hogan channeled the spirit of Hulkamania. And this is one of the things, even though it doesn't really make sense, it's because of the character. Everyone knows of the Hulking up. Everyone knows that. That's a thing that people and fans paid money really to see. You knew you was going to see Hulk Hogan Hulk up and you wanted to see it back then. Even when he wrestled the rock, that's part of his gimmick. When at certain points, once again, certain wrestlers had that luxury because they were their characters were so bigger than a lot of other characters on on the show they were on that they can, they, they can be booked like that. Like he can, oh, you can keep hitting me with punches. I'm just going to no sell you. I'm hulking up right now, brother. Look at that. Listen to the crowd reaction. Yeah. Yeah.  Right there. This is that reaction, bro. He probably had to cut it short. You probably have to cut it short. That's the end of the video. Probably something copyright related. That's the only thing I can think of. Usually if his video, I think there was a snippet in there that was cut as well, I saw it for like a frame. So that's usually what happens for those who don't, you know, understand why the video is cut up like that. He usually instead of re uploading and editing, like cutting it in the video, YouTube gives you the option to trim out wherever part needs to be trimmed out, whether it's claimed by audio or, or WWE, whatever the case is. That way you don't have to go back and re edit the video, deal with the processing of uploading and stuff like that. You can keep it on YouTube. They'll just trim it out and I'm thinking that's what happened. But this was a great video, as I expected, Hulk Hogan should have been number one and he was number one because he's the number one guy to no sale and it worked in that time period in that era and for his character. So comment down below. Let me know some other wrestlers.  Really.  So comment down below. Let me know about appreciate all love sport. Road to 150 K and I'm still here and speaking to you to rest the chapter where I appreciate your kicking me. See you next week.


So I'll tell them it's one of me. You making fun of me. Every one doctor saw here in Beverly Hills, one of the most common questions I get asked, what procedures are covered by insurance when I'm doing plastic surgery? Actually, there are some things covered. Remember, medical insurance will only cover things that are necessity. Nothing for beauty or cosmetics. If it's a medical necessity, they will cover it. Let's go over from head to toe. First starting is with an upper blepharoplasty. They won't cover a lower blepharoplasty, but if you have enough skin that it prevents you from viewing and covers any kind of your vision, then they'll cover an upper blepharoplasty. Coming down, the nose. If you have a deviated septum and you have problems breathing, they'll cover the septal part, but not the cosmetic part. So a deviated septum is covered also. Coming further down to the breast, they'll cover breast reduction. Now, that's after you've gone through a chiropractor and you've done exercises and strength thing and everything. If you have heavy breasts, they will cover a breast reduction, but you cannot choose the size. You need a certain amount of weight to be taken off to qualify to be paid by the insurance company. What procedures are covered by insurance when I'm doing plastic surgery? The fourth procedure they cover is a capsulectomy. Sometimes some breasts develop capsules and some insurances do cover capsules because why? Because they become hard and uncomfortable and it causes the patient to have pain and discomfort. So for that reason, it's a medical necessity. Now, going down, one thing that they do cover is a umbilical hernia. They don't cover a diastasis with a lot of women get with pregnancy, but they will cover an umbilical hernia because what can happen is that the hernia can penetrate through and become strangulated and cause almost death if you don't get to it early enough. So that they'll cover. And the last procedure that they cover commonly for plastic surgery is a penicillectomy. You ask, what's a penicillectomy? Penicillectomy is excision of excess skin below the umbilicus. Now, why do they cover it? Is because when you lose a lot of weight and you have excess skin, you have skin on top of skin and this can cause infection. It could cause fungal infection, bacterial infection, all sorts of difficulties for the patient and could land them in the hospital. So...


Good day everybody. We're in Lake Bronson, Minnesota on our way back We're getting home today a couple hours down the road Always excited to go home Haven't gone right along and I'm not sure what my next load will be but today is a Saturday when I'm filming this So I'm going home today. I'll be home for tomorrow. I have nothing planned for Monday yet So I'll probably get going Monday afternoon or something or Monday late morning We'll see what they have for me when Monday rolls around. We'll let next week worry about next week Let's we're still in this week. Let's worry about this week Make sure we just get home safe. Let's get going Oh, kidoki everybody everything is ready to go It's definitely fall time out there. Remember how green the trees were in Minneapolis yesterday We're still in Minnesota. We're in northern Minnesota, but we're about like half an hour from the Canadian border Now if you can see it from here, you can already see all the trees here are all yellow and losing their leaves That's how the the line of fall or the autumn line is moving south It's already in Lake Bronson. It's gonna be in Minneapolis in a day or two. I bet Probably no more than a week your leaves will be falling there too And then that autumn line is gonna keep moving south moving south. So all you guys living south of me It's coming. It's coming Let's go. Let's just make sure our trailer is gonna come with us. I Need that It's attached the brakes work And the brakes release wonderful daily checklist complete Fall time is always so beautiful It's even more beautiful in Ontario where they get a lot more colors here on the prairies where I live Anyways in Manitoba in Minnesota here is mostly just browns and yellows But you go into Ontario and you get beautiful shades of orange and bright red and Especially on the east coast too. We don't get that as much here But it's still wonderful Today is gonna be a good day It's nice and cool Sweater weather feel like having a bonfire Too bad it's raining. If it's not raining when we get home tonight, maybe we'll have a bonfire tonight It's been very wet. What a good day to be trucking though. It would be better if it was sunshiney, but I've had a lot of sunshine and hot weather I can do with a little bit of a rainy day. I Got the arm pump. You see that no disappoint kids when they give you the arm pump That's like a trucker rule You're driving through town and you got a couple of kids or even one just giving you the they want you to honk the Air horn pull to disappoint kids you honk that air horn. I just made my day. So I told you it's gonna be a good day Told you you didn't listen to me It's gonna be a good day all this stuff out of here I don't want to start my next trip with this last trip's dirt So you're gonna do this with one hand better.  Here it is. Shake that out as well.  So I'm gonna do is grab my Dashable can's kind of beat up, but Stuff inside is what works. It's there like that doesn't need to be crazy Perfect, right? A little bit of a better mood when I get back to the truck. I Don't like seeing dirt when I start my next trip. It's hard to get into the corner here though I really don't like this ribbed floor. I'll admit that I'm a big Kenra fan But I don't like this ribbed floor that they got because it's so hard to keep clean right along in here, right? I have a little tool for that But still just a smooth floor or even a slightly textured floor not stick ribs would help I go a long way but Whatever right right here Okay There fold you back over here You over there fold that over there. Sorry. I keep pointing the camera in the wrong direction Okay, ready to go home Ready for next week computer Don't forget this thing. All right All right Yeah, this To I think that's everything that I needed And leave my bedding in here. I didn't work a full week this week, so it'll be fine I got everything. Oh, I'm gonna unplug the camera. I Gotta reach up here. Don't need to have that wasting my battery. We have other surveillance and stuff that Track everything in here Okay, oh Can't wait to get all this stuff out of here.  I want to get like a little TV in here I'm probably never gonna spend any time in here. Let's be honest But once Theo's old enough to come help me with a truck and stuff Then I'll probably spend more time in here than I can do stuff with him But when I'm at home for only like a like a day and a half or a couple of days I'm not gonna spend a whole day in here. That's just wasting time that I could be with the family, right? So For now, this is that's fine. We have plans for it in the near future. Don't worry. This isn't gonna be here It'll be it'll be gone before next spring It'll be gone before winter even probably That's what I'm thinking very very soon. Hopefully so we'll see when my next trip will be Won't be first thing Monday because I don't have anything on me yet, but it might be a little bit slow right now There'll be something. There's always something


Good afternoon everyone, and this is a research study I did with Nian Sheng, and we presented preliminary results at the previous open ed conference in Barcelona last year, and we replicated the study one year later to make it more robust and also in the hope that there would be some more positive results regarding the use of the open access press, but nevertheless the results are positive in any case. Just to give you some background, AU Press is Canada's first open access university press, and I think it's now been followed by the University of Ottawa. All the publications are peer reviewed, so it's a very stringent quality control mechanism, and so far our books have won at least eight or nine awards either locally or internationally, and we just won a major international award for head smashed in Buffalo, and I'll be talking about that. We do books, monographs, and we also publish journals, the Erode, the International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, the Canadian distance education journal, et cetera. We look at innovative and experimental works, so there's some really strange and weird poetry works out there if you ever want to take a look at them. Diaries of pioneers in Western Canada, oral histories, et cetera, the women's oral histories in early Alberta, things like that, and eLearning. We have a series that's edited by Terry Anderson on eLearning. That gives you an idea of some of the books that have been coming out, and this is the one with the major awards that we mentioned is an imagining head smashed in. It just won the Felicia Holden Book Award for Architecture Institute of America, and it's won in awards from the American Archaeology Society, the Alberta Book Publishing Award and the Edmonton Book Prize. So that's just one example of the quality of the works that are there. And these three, ETECS, the Terry Anderson's Theory and Practice of Online Learning, Muhammad Ali's Mobile Learning, and Dietmar Kenepol and Lawton's Teaching Science Online at a distance. These are all one of the Wettemeyer awards from the University Continuing Education Association in the U.S. as the best distance education books. Scholarly journals, there's a Rodel, there's the Canadian Journal of Learning Technology, the Journal of Distance Education, are all published by AU Press. We have a strategic partnership with PKP, the Public Knowledge Project, which is an open source book editor reviewing system, which we actually have contributed quite a bit to that project. And we're part of the lowest level campus, Alberta Digital Library, where they're creating a digital library for use by all the education institutions in the province. We use the Creative Commons by non-commercial and non-derivatives license. And the reason for that is to give an example is because it's non-commercial. We just made a deal for translation of a number of these books with China, and it helps us to subsidize the press and help to pay our way, and particularly for the print books. So we use the Creative Commons license, the restricted one that I say there. And again, it's basically we sell the print books. And that's what I'm talking about today is we have, sorry, yes. I had a question. The non-commercial you said made it easier to exchange this internationally, but what's the thinking behind the non-derivative? Because these, for example, it's a poetry book. The poets don't want you to touch it, like leave it as it is. And that's the standard license. Some of the books don't have the non-derivative, and they're like the text books, the ones that are used as text. But a lot of the, like novels, and biographies. So it's a topic and context specific. Just as we all know, non-derivative makes it tough. Yes, it does. And of course the non-commercial is so as we can sell it ourselves, so nobody else can sell it. China wouldn't pay us for it if we didn't have a non-commercial license on them. So yeah, attribution, non-commercial, and non-derivatives. So what we did was we wanted to see how did the sales of our print books compare with the sale of print books from traditional university presses? The traditional presses don't do digital books. So we surmised that there wouldn't be any difference between the sales of print books that are openly available in the digital format and the print books that are produced by the traditional presses. And you cannot get the information. They will not, the other presses would not give us the information on their sales. So we don't know what their actual sales were, and we don't know what their sales were, the libraries, so we can't compare them. But what we could do is look at their ranking on Amazon, and for every book on Amazon there's a ranking. And the lower the number, the more the sales. And two people have done an estimate of what the rankings mean, and they're quite similar. So I think with a reasonable degree of confidence we can say that that's what the ranking means. So if it's between one and ten, you're selling about 3,000 copies a day, or greater than a thousand copies per week. And it goes down the line, all the different rankings. So if you're two million, you're selling one copy every three or four years. So it gives you a, it's a reasonable, if not exactly accurate measure, of what their sales are, at least on Amazon. So most scholarly books are greater than 100,000. They move comparatively little light in that they're, whatever their ranges. They decay relatively slowly. They're rough estimates, and they don't give stats for what the Kindle book sales are. So the methodology we used was a stratified random sampling. We used publications from 2008 to 2010. It was a limited sample because AU Press had just got off the ground, and they didn't have that many books. So we couldn't do a really huge sampling. So we did AU Press and three other presses, eleven books each, three samplings separated by three months in the original one, and then we waited a year and did it again. And the comparison groups was the University of Alberta Press, University of Calgary Press, and the University of Toronto Press. And these three are very prestigious, and probably they're among the largest university presses in Canada. So our prediction was the null hypothesis that there'd be no significant difference in sales of print books, that the rank of the open press would be equal to the rank of the traditional presses at a 5% level of significance. We made the alternative hypothesis that there is a difference, that the rank of open press is not equal to the rank of the traditional research presses. And so we did an analysis, and we came up and the result was there. We did it three times, once separated by three months, and then again by a year, and then every time there was no significant difference. So the conclusion from that is, is by opening up your books and putting them, making them freely available online, it will not negatively affect your sales of print books. And in this particular situation, I think the ability to generalize it is sort of limited, but at least in this one case, using Amazon as a measure, that was the case. The print books, we can say that print books did not suffer in sales because they were also available digitally online. And by the way, I should have mentioned, we did it on both Amazon Canada and Amazon.com in the United States. So we tested both, and in both there was no significant difference. And as you can imagine, most of the Canadian books did much better on Amazon CA than Amazon.com. But having said that, the other presses, you can't download the books. The AU Press books were downloaded by more than 80,000 people. There were more than 80,000 downloads of different chapters or parts of books, and the full books, there were 20,000 downloads. An average of 6,000 per book and an average of full books about 2,000. So what we can say is you can exponentially increase your readership by having it available digitally online for free and again without penalizing your book sales. Sir, a little puzzled by your dates at the top. It says six months, but is that August of 2009? August 2009 to January of 11, yeah. Is that closer to 18 months? Yes it is, yeah, sorry, it's 18 months. So that gives you the results of the studies that we've done and again, as I said, we reported on it after the three months and now it's after 18 months. And we'll probably do it one more time to see. But the basic message is don't worry about opening up your books and another benefit that we're looking into that we couldn't early on but I think at this point we can, it may take another five years to really look at it, is the number of citations of your books and we find that if it's online and available, your citation rate goes through the roof and in comparison to traditional books and journals, if it's only available in print, yes. How many university presses in the U.S. are making an open source these days? I don't think the same. What are the ones in Canada? The only other one is the University of Ottawa Press, as we know it. And to be honest, I don't know if there's any in Europe either. I think that the Springer has something that is sort of open. Yes. Is anyone talking with publicity and people are trying to get questions to let them know about these? Oh yeah, we've let them know about these results because we have partnerships with these presses. Some of our books are also sold by other presses. So they know this, but it's their traditional publishing mentality and they have to change it. In fact, when we set up a U Press, we had a huge battle to make it open. Our president who came in at the time who set it up, we wanted a university press. He was really, this was his baby. But we fought with him to make it open. He didn't believe in it. But now he's a big believer that he goes about the world bragging about it. And the director of our AU Press, he's invited all over the world to talk about it because it's so revolutionary. And again, at the beginning, he didn't want anything to do with it being open. They wanted a traditional press. There were enough of us in the university, thank God, but we pushed them and they finally relented and said, okay, if that makes you happy, we'll do it. And it's working very well. The University of Florida is also doing open press through their four to distance learning consortium. It's a partnership between them and the University of Florida. And they're publishing some open textbooks through that. There's three or four coming out this year. So there are other presses. I'm not sure if they're completely open, but they have the Orange Grove open textbook site. So there are some other, which is a good point. But most of them are, as you say, are for textbooks. These are only incidentally textbooks. They're scholarly words that are being used as textbooks. So the University of Florida has those as well. Because their press has been around for a long time. And I believe they are opening those up as well. I'm surprised they don't, they don't catch on. I mean, the average scholarly article is read by six people. You open it up online and the average is up in the hundreds. I mean, it makes that much of a difference. And sometimes the thousands, I mean, it just, the graphs are really low and then suddenly you put it online. And I just saw there was a report out about a press in England who last year opened it up and they showed their readership and citations and they were all really low. And then suddenly they opened it up and it was, it hit the roof. It made such a positive difference for them. And let's face it, for academics, I mean, you want it to be read and signed. That's more important than you're never going to make money on it. I work with the Public Knowledge Project at Europe. And one of the things that we've really seen in the journal publishing is a lot more open access journal publishing. And we've seen a lot of scholars and academic libraries almost doing hand runs around the traditional presses to get their work out and make it open. I think that we're going to start to see that happening in the area of monographs as well where if the traditional university presses don't start to learn from your example we're going to see those similar hand runs where scholars are going to self-publish or collaborate with their university library who provide them with the technological services. So it's a critical time, I think, for a university press. And I agree with that strategy.  You're best to just ignore them. Go to OER, let them have all their digital rights management, let them put it on. I know one thing at our university, the major things that are making our faculty move very quickly towards OER is, number one, they're bringing in very strict, made in the U.S., copyright laws in Canada with very strict measures of digital rights management which will effectively take away all of our fair dealing rights. We won't have any. And number two, they're bringing in a copyright collective where we used to pay $3.50 to make course packs and now they want $45 per full-time equivalent student. And no matter, even if our university had 100% open education resources, we'd have to still pay the $45 when another university used only proprietary material. And so they say, you have to pay the same rate. And to us and to our faculty, they're beginning to see this as just crazy. And the really big thing is our faculty are beginning to get into with their students and to work on tablets. So our students, our course material is all online. They use tablets. And what we're finding with proprietary material, you can't copy, you can't paste, you can't highlight, you're not allowed to print it out or they actually limit you to print out five pages once. You can't shift it from one computer to the other. Never mind format shifting. Even in the same format, they won't let you do it. And then they have the dead date where they just go into your computer and take it out. And all of these things that I think people think, we can't work under those. Educators can't work with that kind of material. I mean, the other thing is if you show your textbook to your wife or to anyone, you must immediately delete it from your tablet and notify them. And if you've clicked on that little license, you have agreed to do that. And you've also, by clicking on that license, also agreed that you have no fair use or fair dealing rights. So with all those things together, what it means is that we just can't work with that material. If it's proprietary, it can't work. So we're trying to, we're pushing in our university now before you do any course creation, you go to OER and you do a search on OER. I mean, what a revolutionary idea for academics is before doing anything, do a search for what's out there. You know, we train all our graduate students to do that and they don't do it for their courses. So we're getting there, yes. There are certain types of authors that you find are more apt to do this kind of work, or people pretty, anyone's pretty open to it. I think it's just about any of these, these are scholarly books. Nobody really expects to make that money out of it. So they just would love to get it published by a university press, which has been, and it's been peer reviewed.  Rick, you talk a little bit about one of your press's books, like Vagina and Smash, I'm just going to give you an example of how that one played out both online open access and sales in the print form. It seems like a really intriguing book that would have a much larger audience than your average scholarly audience. Yes, some of them are way up there. They're in the lower than 100,000 rankings. We haven't had any lower than 50,000, but neither did any of the traditional presses either. But one of them, that one's there, and the other big seller is Bomb Canada. It's called Views of Canada in the United States. They view them in the whole book. It's quite funny actually. So it's a major seller in Canada. So both of those books are two of your top sellers. Yeah, and the other two are Sherry Anderson's book because it's used as a textbook. And it's been translated into Chinese as has Muhammad Ali's book on mobile learning. They're huge sellers as well. And people, I don't understand it myself, mobile learning. Why don't you download it and put it on your mobile device? But no, they want the paper. I thought it was a big surprise to me. I scratched my head why anyone would buy a print copy of that. It's a huge seller. I was going to ask if you have any sense of different, like what kinds of people are buying these print books and what kinds of people are downloading it. It doesn't seem like maybe from the way you say it a little bit, you may be able to tell, but that would be kind of interesting at least for people. We didn't tell it. Just from my own feelings about it is the older people buy the book. The younger people put it on their tablet. That's what I'm thinking. But there's a lot of older people going to tablets now, so I wouldn't, you know, I'd say the research may contradict me completely. But just in my experience, people have been brought up with books and people are brought up now with tablets. There's going to be a big change. But I'm surprised how many older people, once they've tried, we have the biggest, I want pipe. I want everything on pipe. One of our instructors caught me and he got a tablet. He's got a different opinion on it now. He's not so sure. I think that's what did it, was the iPad. We were struggling to get people really thinking and interested. I had meetings, because we've been pushing mobile learning for ten years. Mobile learning who wants to learn on a mobile device. You know, that's nonsense. Nobody's going to do that. And the tablet comes out and now the whole atmosphere has changed. And in fact, I believe that most of us will be, at least in the developing country, developed countries, will be learning on mobile devices. And it will probably be the tablet. Yeah, because you could make the font work. I like it real late. But the other thing is Elton Corsair Consortium is going to present some statistics later on today about who your users are. And it turns out in the United States, I'm going to pick the number one, but it's something like 30 or 40% of the people are 40 now who use Elton Corsair in the United States. It's different internationally. So don't count the old folks out yet. You're still learning. No, but again, a lot of these, as I mentioned, the problems with e-books. I mean, it's a huge problem for education, but it's still even a problem for people who buy one. I mean, I just got a Mac Air and I transferred an e-book that I bought over to my Mac Air and iTunes took it off me. I said, you don't have the legal right to use this. I had every legal right to do that. And they took it off me. I had to contact outofold.com. And I got a number that gave me some secret code word. I gave it to Apple and now it's back on. But I don't want to do that. Why should I have to do that? Why should I have to prove it? And, you know, why did they have the right to go into my computer and take information away from me? I mean, this is... I think that the model has to change in some way. And you don't buy it. And I think they're suing Amazon now for saying that you buy the book. Well, if it's a digital book, you don't buy it. You license it. And you license it under conditions that they have no rights to guarantee anything. They have no responsibility or liability whatsoever. They have no cage-turbo agreements that you have to click to. And who reads that? I do. I've read quite a few of them. You do not sell your soul to the company. It's not that far. But one company did do that last April first. They put it in their license and everybody was clicking on it. But we have your immortal soul. I work in the K-12 sector here in Utah. And we have a couple of our high schools. Some really large, at-risk high schools that are using all digital tablets. We actually have iPads in one school and iPods in another school. iPod touches in another school. One of the things we're struggling with... We're finding a lot of e-books, but they're just text in nature. And kids are more... They are more likely to read those that are interactive. So what do you see in terms of the university level? The e-books being published that are highly interactive. The latest one I saw was Al Gore's book where you can actually touch the wind turbine. You can learn about it touchfully and then you touch it and you can actually see graphic representation and you can see it, the movement and the energy levels and do all of this stuff that's really amazing. Those are the kinds of things that in K-12 we're trying to gravitate to from a cost-aid perspective, but just cognitively it's a better form of learning. What do you see from the university level of higher ed of moving towards interactive touch? Well, we certainly are. We're in the process now of going through... We have about 200 interactive demos in different courses. Little flash or Java's applications that demonstrate different points interactively. And we're in the process of going through them now and improving them and getting them ready because we're going to put them on our own CWC site and make them available. So you're seeing that grow exponentially? Yeah, I see where the beginning stages of it. I think publishers are going to come up with these great books and it's a shame you can't use them because of all their restrictive licensing so it's up to us to start creating them. But they say, well, where's the sustainability model? The sustainability model is we don't have one for the way it is now. Our problems pay $78 million a year for a textbook, for a school. But we could create all of them by the full rights copyright everything for every single book in textbooks, make it interactive for less than $78 million and do it once and then we can update it all the time for $5 or $10 million a year. And I don't know why the politicians don't see it. They're beginning to ask though because they realize that the present situation is unsustainable. Florida's doing big things, Washington State, Texas. I heard Indiana just recently in California. So they're starting to think about it and get on with it, but that's where it's going.