Hi everybody, Joe for Jaspy's casewrakes.com coming at you with Jaspy's high roller mystery crate random letter break number three. We're going by the first letter of their first name. First letter first name. So, for example, if you get randomized letter L, you hit a Luka Dančić, it goes to L. There's also a hit list promo. At the end of the break, take all the names who went hit list, randomize them. Top name gets a free spot in the next crate and there's only four cards per crate as well. Now, remember, as you saw in the first video, all the boxes are to my left right here. They've already been pre-numbered. So, we're going to generate a number to see which crate we're going to do. First off, big thanks. Let's do the randomizer. Big thanks to this group for getting in. So, there is the hit list promo. So, Martin went hit list, unfortunately, but got one spot in this break. Thanks to the people who bought their spot straight up. Congrats to the winners and the two fillers that we did. There are the letters right here. Let's roll it. Let's roll this and randomize names and letters four and a six, ten times. One, two, three, four, and tenth and final time. Four and a six, ten times. We got Gretchen in the one spot down to Brian in the 13th spot. Four and a six, ten times for the letters. One, two, three, four. And tenth and final time. Good luck, everybody. We got HK down to J. All right. Gretchen with HK, Nick with C, Steve Birch NP, Steve with M, Martin with D, TJ Leonard with B, Steve Birch L, S and W. Jarrett with G and A, Gretchen with R and Z, Brian with T, Steve with F, and Brian in the last spot mojo J. Let's alphabetize these by the letters. There's Brian with J once again. Trades are allowed. While you're thinking about trades, I'm going to flip over here really quick. We're going to generate, so here are the boxes that are remaining. We did box number five for mystery crate break number one, and then we did crate number six for crate number two. So these are the ones that are remaining right here. So let's generate a number on random.org. Ten. We have not done ten yet. So that's off the board, so that's the one we're going to do for crate ten for break number three. I'm going to leave this up here, and I'm going to pause the video. When we come back, we're going to see if there's any trades, and then we'll have the break. Stick around. We'll be right back. All right. Welcome back, ladies and gentlemen. So the list remains the same. First letter of their first name. Here it is. The crate of mysteries, the Jaspie's mystery crate. What's inside? What could be in here? What monsters is this crate holding? We're about to find out. There it is. Number ten. There are the hits all right there. All right. First one out of the gate. It's a multi-sport break too. I see football. Are you ready for some football? Barry Sanders. Six out of ten. Quad relic and autograph from Panini one football. B for Barry. TJ Leonard with the spot that he won in the filler gets the Barry Sanders. All right. Next we got a graded card here, and it looks like baseball. Baseball. It is Ronald Acuna Jr. 14 out of 50 from Topps Finest Baseball. And there's your grade right here. Your SGC grade, 10-10 from 2019 Topps Finest. First letter of their first name, R. That is going to go to Gretchen with the RZ combo. All right. I see football again. And it's nice. Your rookie of the year, your offensive rookie of the year, Jamar Chase, an almost Super Bowl winner. Three-color patch and autograph, 12 out of 25. J for Jamar. That is going to be for Brian Frank. Last spot, Mojo strikes again. And the last one here is baseball. 9-5-10, Beckett grade. And it's Wander Franco. 9-5-10, Wander Franco from 2019 Bowman Chrome Baseball. Megabox autograph for Fractor. Centering is a 9. Everything else is a 9-5. Edges corner surface. And the auto, a 10. That is awesome. And that is Steve Birch with the spot that he won with the SW combo. Thanks very much, everybody. Another great crate in the book, Mystery Solved. Unfortunately, there are... Here are the four hits right here. Those people hit. They're happy. Hitless people, not happy. But you've got a chance at winning a spot in the next crate. So new dice, new list. There's everybody's names. Let's clear out the blank spots right here. Let's roll it and randomize it. Name on top after 9 gets a spot in the next break. Break number 4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. And once more, 9th and final time. Name on top after 9. Steve Birch. There you go, Steve. After 9, you get an extra spot. Well, you get not an extra spot. You get a spot in the next break. Part of this break's hitless promo. I'm Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. Yeah, I mean, some really nice stuff popping out of these high roller mystery crates. So get in on the action, ladies and gentlemen, and make it happen. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us with the next talk. I'm excited to present the next speaker. His name is Christian Rover. He's a research associate in the Department of Medical Statistics at the University Medical Center of Göttingen in Germany. He's currently a research focus on Bayesian methods for meta-analysis and implementation in art. So he will be presented today by Bayesian random effects meta-analysis using Bayesian Meta. Okay, yeah. Thanks for the kind introduction. Yeah, I'm going to talk about the Bayesian Meta package for Bayesian random effects meta-analysis and I'll first, yeah, briefly introduce the problem and then how it's implemented in R and how you can use the Bayesian Meta package and then close with some outlook and also some future plans. So the problem first of all is, I mean, the generic meta-analysis problem. Suppose you have a number of studies that you found in a systematic review. So in this example case here, six studies and these six studies are quoting an estimate of some number. In this case, it's an estimated log odds ratio and along with the estimates. So indicated by the red dots here. Along with the estimates, we also have standard errors indicated by the lines, by the horizontal intervals here, the whiskers. And yeah, what we want to do in the end, we want to somehow combine these numbers and want to figure out a combined estimate that's shown at the bottom here. And yeah, so that's what we're going for. And what we need to consider in addition is also this nuisance parameter, this between trial heterogeneity, which you don't see in the picture here, but you only see it quoted in the bottom left here. Yeah, and we'll see how that looks in practice in the following picture. Yeah, so this is the common random effects model used or often applied meta-analysis and how it works is, I mean, you can see in the first line here. So we have our estimates, yi, we have the standard errors, sigma i, that's the data that's going into the analysis and we're assuming that the yi are measurements of some parameter theta i. So for the i-th study, the i-th quoted measurement that we have. And of course, this is a noisy measurement of the underlying true value and the amount it's or the amount of offset from the true value is given by the standard or quantified by the standard deviation here by the standard error, sorry, by the sigma parameter. And then for all the different studies that we have included in our meta-analysis, these theta i parameters, these true parameters that are measured by each single estimate are not necessarily completely identical, they are only similar. And so these have again a normal distribution centered around some overall mean parameter mu. And they have this extra variance or this extra variance or variability given by tau squared here. You can also, if you want to write it down in a single, so technically that means integrating out these theta i parameters, you can write in a single line here in the second line and you can see that or you can also think of the model as your estimates being a noisy measurement of the mu parameter, the overall mean and the amount of offset that you're getting in your actual data, in your empirical data is determined by first of all the measurement error, the standard error that you have in your measurement, the measurement noise or the measurement uncertainty. And on top of that, you've got this extra variance given by the heterogeneity. So mu and tau are the two parameters in the model. Mu is the one that's usually of primary interest and tau is mostly a nuisance parameter. And if you want, I mean, we'll see that data sometimes you also need to worry about these theta i parameters. Yeah, so this normal or also so-called normal, normal hierarchical model is quite commonly used. It's useful for many endpoints, anything essentially what you can, that you can measure and where you can quote a standard error along with it. So in the example, we had logarithmic odds ratios, you can also use it for hazard ratios, mean differences, all sorts of numbers. In the following, we will follow the Bayesian approach for inference, which means that we also need to worry about price specification, which is required, but it's not terribly complicated in this case. On the computational side, it's usually slightly more involved than what you may be used to from frequentist methods. So, and usually it involves a lot of integration, which you can often approach using Monte Carlo methods. But in this particular case, oopsie, sorry, we'll be, sorry, we'll be using numerical computation. So it's, yeah, all numerical integration. So once back to the very first slide, I mean, we saw this overall estimate at the bottom of the plot here, shown in red as the red diamond. And of course, where does it come from? It comes from, you know, if it's a Bayesian estimation, it comes from, you know, some posterior distribution of this log-bots ratio. And in order to figure out, say, the median and the 95% credible interval, you need to integrate. And you can see this is the marginal distribution, marginalizing over the heterogeneity already. So there's again another integral. And this, all this integration, that's essentially the computations that you need to do. And that's what the, what the package will do for you. Yeah, so the Bayesian metric package in brief, it does Bayesian meta-analyses. It gives you, it does all the integration for you. It provides access to all the integrals that you may be interested in. It's, to some extent, builds upon the metaphor and cross-pot packages for, you know, pre-processing the data and nicely illustrating the data at the end. What's pretty common is, you know, you perform the analysis and you get returned some object, which is essentially a list object. And yeah, so that's the same, I guess, for linear models, the LM function or something, you apply the LM function and you get back some list object. And in the list object, you've got a lot of, you know, the data itself, the estimates and so on. And it's similar here. And what's not quite so common is that a number of these list elements are also functions that you can use and which, you know, give you the, the access to the integrals in the end. So we'll walk through it a little bit using an example here. So we'll be looking at this patriotic transfer transplantation dataset. And it includes six studies that were giving log odds ratios, along with their standard errors. It was looking at, in the example, they were looking at acute reaction rejections, rejection reactions. And so it was about pediatric transplantation. The acute rejections are the events that you want to avoid, that you want to prevent. And so, you know, if you take the medication, you want to have low odds, reduced odds of acute rejections. And so you're looking for small log odds ratios here. So that's what you would like to have if you take the medication. Yeah. For the analysis itself, we can use, I mean, for this run here, we can use an uninformative or an improper uniform prior for the effect new. So for the overall log odds ratio. And that's also the default specification, if you don't specify anything. And for the heterogeneity, you may need to spend a little more thought. And for the present analysis, we'll be using a half normal prior with scale parameter 0.5.  That's, I guess, a topic of another presentation in itself. And yeah, I just refer to the reference here. So to the actual example, to run the analysis, we first load the package, load the example data set. Then we need to, I mean, the example data set contains the plane counts, the plane 2 by 2 tables for each single study. And we need to derive the log odds ratios and the standard errors. So that's done using this ES calc function from the metaphor package. And the point where it's getting interesting is at the bottom here. So that's where we're applying the base meta function. And we can see from the call here that, so we're calling the base meta function, we're assigning the results to this BMA object or the object that we call BMA. And all we need to provide is an argument y for the estimate and an argument sigma for the standard errors. And also this tau prior argument for the prior specification. So that's the prior for the heterogeneity. And you can see that, you know, what we need to specify here is the prior density. So that means, I mean, it looks a bit clumsy here in this function call. But on the other hand, that means that we are extremely flexible here. So any prior density that you can write down or that you can implement, you can plug in here and use it for the analysis. Yeah. And we don't, I mean, in fact, we don't need to specify y and sigma explicitly here. We can also just provide the ES object that we defined at the top here to the base meta function. Yeah. So when we just print out the BMA object, the object that we called BMA here, you can see you get the usual output, you get a little bit of summary, you get the estimates, the input data and so on. And that's probably sufficient for some applications already. But the, yeah, interesting bits is, you know, when you try to access the individual list elements of this base meta object of the returned object here. So for example, I mean, it's a list object and you can access the individual slots in that list. So for example, you've got a summary element that's pretty common. It gives you the summary estimates for the parameters in the model. So for the heterogeneity and for the overall mean estimate, the posterior mean median and 95% credible interval and so on. But then you also have these other slots that contain functions. So for example, you've got this D posterior and P posterior and Q posterior for the posterior density, posterior cumulative distribution function, posterior quanti function or a function for to compute credible intervals and so on. And you can, yeah, just access these functions and get out numbers that you may be interested in, you know, beyond the plain summary statistics that you're given already. And we can look at an example here. So for example, say you want to want to have a plot of the posterior density here for the effect parameter, what you need to do is you just specify a vector X ranging from minus three to point five. And then you just plot X versus the D posterior function here applied to X. And you can just pull this from this BMA object from the return object from the base meta function that we got BMA in this case. And so you've got this plot of the posterior density. I mean, it looks pretty much like a normal distribution here, but it's not. It's somewhat close to a normal distribution, but it can also be skewed and look pretty non-normal as well. And we can also, you know, access the other functions and figure out, for example, the posterior median here, the point five quantile, or an interval, and add that to the plot as well, or use it for whatever purposes as well. Yeah, we can also draw, say, a false plot to summarize the output. And we see, I mean, that's pretty similar to what we saw on one of the first slides already. And what we see here in addition, and by default, is these little gray lines here and also the bar at the bottom here. So we can see that we have, in addition, this prediction, a prediction and a prediction interval most interestingly. And we also see this shrinkage estimate. So that's an individual extra additional estimate for each single study here. And that's the estimate of the study specific theta i parameter. So the study specific mean that is measured by that particular study. And yeah, that's quite useful for some applications or for some non-standard or advanced applications. So if we, you know, just recall the original model that we were using. So we said that, you know, each single measurement, each single estimate here was measuring some theta i parameter here. And these theta i parameters are the ones that are normally distributed with variants, according to the heterogeneity around the true mean, then we can, you know, we can use the prediction or we can derive a prediction of a new or say a future study mean, which may be useful. For example, if you're interested in study design, say you want to know, you know, you have done six studies in the past, you want to plan a seventh study, and you want to know what sorts of effects or also what sorts of placebo rates and so on to expect, then you can use meta analysis, derive a prediction and use that for study design. And also these shrinkage estimates are often of interest. So again, you can, you know, in our case, we have six studies in there. So we have six different theta i parameters. And for each of these, we can again, access posterior densities, quantites and so on. Again, using the same functions as before, we just need to specify the extra prediction parameter or individual parameter here for the individual estimates. And that's useful for, say, if you want to use a meta analysis to derive a prior for the analysis of a future study. And so there's some, some advanced kinds of analyses that you can do using these approaches here. Yeah. So maybe quite briefly some, some other features that are included in the package and in the functionality. So we are, for the overall effect, we can also specify prior distributions. So, and that works via an additional argument here, the mu dot prior argument that you spy, specify the function call. And that's, yeah, that's restricted to normal priors or normal distributions for the prior distributions or prior information on the overall odds ratio. We have, we are quite flexible with the prior distributions for the heterogeneity. So we can specify all sorts of functions for the tau prior. We can also specify additional arguments here. So we can also ask for, say, a uniform prior and improver prior or the Jeffries prior and so on. So you're quite flexible here. In addition to the output that we've seen already, you can also ask for base factors to be returned. So for example, I mean, it would be maybe of interest to, you know, see the base factor for a zero heterogeneity or a base factor for a zero effect. Yeah, if you're interested in p values, which you, of course, don't quite get from a basin analysis, you can compute posterior predictive p values. And for that, you have this PPP value function here. So that's, yeah, quite, I mean, it's a bit numerically demanding because it's using, again, Monte Carlo integration. But yeah, you can figure out these posterior predictive p values as well for a number of different hypotheses that you can specify. Yeah, quite often it's common or it's useful to quantify the influence that the individual estimates have on the overall outcome in the end and do that by giving weights to quantify the contribution of individual studies. So that's included in the output as well. You can produce additional plots like funnel plots or trace plots showing the behavior of the conditional mean and standard deviation of the individual studies as you're varying the heterogeneity. And there's some additional functions that's again a bit advanced. So that's useful for figuring out sensible prior distributions for the effect of all the heterogeneity. For that, you can figure out these unit information standard deviations and also effective sample sizes that's useful when you're performing a meta-analysis in order to use it as the prior in a future meta-analysis. And then you can quantify its weight or its contribution in terms of an effective sample size here. Yeah, so to summarize, yeah, Bayesian meta-analysis or Bayesian methods are useful for many meta-analysis applications. I mean, especially if you're looking at few studies where other methods tend to behave funny sometimes and also if you're looking at applications where you want to use prior information in the analysis or you want to do the analysis in order to formulate a prior distribution for some other analysis. With a Bayesian meta-package, you get quick and nicely reproducible computations, which makes it very easy or maybe easier as compared to MCMC methods. And you can do quick sensitivity checks. You can run easily simulations with that. You get detailed output with all the details of the analysis. You can access all the integrals that you may be interested in, hopefully. Yeah, you cut the access to prediction and shrinkage intervals and so on. You can figure out marginal likelihoods even. So that's maybe useful for things like base factors and then model selection or model averaging applications as well. And yeah, currently we are thinking about extending or whether it's possible to extend the same methods for meta-regression as well, which would be quite interesting and hopefully useful. Yeah, so finally I have some references. Thank you so much, Christian. That was a wonderful presentation. So unfortunately we don't have time for questions now, but please feel free to post them on the chat or reach out to the speaker. And now we have a short break coming up and we will be back at 345. In the meantime, a special chat is open so you can follow the green button at the bottom of the screen during the break and chat with others. And we will see you back after the break. Again, we'll see you back at 345. Thank you. Thank you, Christian. Bye.


Hi, I'm Ben and I'm Joe welcome to the global use summit in beautiful Costa Rica We want to invite you all to come and share your ideas and views on the video booth just outside the main room Come and tell us what you're worried about. Give us your solutions Let us know what you're talking about or just come and say hi We'll put them on our social media channel so you can tag yourself and find them later We hope you're having a good time so far and hope to see you around soon. Thanks


Do you know that the human heart continues to beat even if you take it out of the human body? Yes, it does and it is because the beating of the heart is not dependent on any other body part. It can beat on its own and so it is called myogenic heart myogenic Myogenic simply means that the impulse for the heart to beat originates in the muscles of the heart itself But it's not that the whole of the heart or the entire cardiac muscles are capable of doing it Capable of creating an impulse. It's just certain parts here and there which gets modified and we call them nodal tissues Well, the meaning of the word nodal simply means a mass of tissue that that got differentiated Okay, here the cardiac muscle in certain places it gets modified it it differentiates into a kind of tissue that can Originate impulse on its own Therefore we call it the nodal tissue and the heart is called the myogenic heart because the impulse is not coming from any Other part of the body, but from the heart itself Okay, now let's have a look at where these nodal tissues are located in the heart and for that we have a diagram of human Heart, we know this is the right atrium left atrium right ventricle and the left ventricle and from the previous videos We already know how the blood runs in and out from the heart, right? Now talking about the nodal tissues the first and the most powerful one is located in the right atrium and to be precise it is present at the junction between the right atrium and the Superior vena cava that is bringing in the deoxygenated blood into the right atrium and this nodal tissue is called The SA node or the Sino atrial node now Can you guess how many times will this SA node create an impulse per minute? Well, the capacity of SA node is to produce hundred impulse per minute and And and and our heart can actually beat hundred times per minute But it is seen that the normal heart rate or the normal heartbeat is just 70 to 75 times per minute and The reason behind this is the inhibitory effect of the vagus nerve so there's a special nerve called vagus nerve that release certain neurotransmitters onto the SA node and regulates its heartbeat to just 70 to 75 beats per minute and That is how fast our heart beats that is the pace of our heart, right? And therefore the SA node is also called the pacemaker of the heart or we also call this the heart rhythm So the rhythmicity of the heart is also maintained by the SA node Okay, now can you tell me what would happen if I cut off the vagus nerve? This connect the SA node with the vagus nerve. Will there be any change in the heart rate? Well, it will increase right because the SA node otherwise has the capacity to generate hundred impulses per minute Okay, now talking about the impulse of the SA node is the impulse from the SA node sufficient to contract the whole heart Well, it is seen that the impulses are restricted only to the two atria It cannot move down to the ventricles due to the presence of the fibrous Non-conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles Therefore to bring the impulse down into the ventricles We have another nodal tissue at the lower left corner of the atrium right atrium We call it the AV node atrio ventricular node and it is called so because it is present at the junction between the atrium and the ventricle Right, that's why it is called the atrio ventricular node and it brings the impulse down into the into the ventricles But apart from that AV node itself can generate its own impulse because it's it's also a nodal tissue, right? So it can generate 60 to 65 impulse per minute So even if the SA node sometimes is not functional then AV node can can generate enough impulse 60 to 65 times per minute now this AV node is extended downward like a bundle and This portion or this part of the nodal tissue is given a different name. It is called the bundle of his And it is given after the name of the scientist who first discovered it It is nothing but a part of the nodal tissue that is also helping in the conduction of this impulse from the AV node down to to the ventricles Okay, and as you can see its position is in the intra ventricular septum And again being a nodal tissue. It can also generate its own impulse. It can generate up to 45 impulse per minute Now the bundle of his in order to reach both the ventricles properly it bifurcates into two separate bundles And each bundle as you can see it forms a branches branches and It seems as if it is holding the two ventricles and this part Is called the parking fiber. This again is a nodal tissue and just like other nodal tissue It can also generate its own impulse even though very less, which is 20 to 25 impulses per minute Even though it is less, but it has the capacity to generate its own impulse. Okay And these fibers are superb for conducting the heartbeat down into the ventricles in a synchronized manner Okay, and again talking about the name parkinji. It is named after the scientist who discovered it All right, okay now if you carefully look at the diagram You will notice that the left ventricle has more parking fiber covering than the than the right one Now can you think of a reason behind this uneven distribution of parking fibers? Well, the reason is that the right ventricle has to push out blood only to the lungs Okay, which is not very far Okay, so a small contraction a small part of the impulse does the work but for the Left ventricle it pushes blood out of the heart to all different parts of your body to the tip of your toe as well And that calls for a very forceful contraction in the left ventricle And that's the reason we see more parking fiber towards the left So these are the four nodal tissues that work pretty much like the wiring system at our homes The electrical wiring system, right? They are the wiring system of our heart And our tiny little heart is able to pump blood to each and every cell of our body only and only because Of this magical wiring system that we have made of nodal tissues that conducts impulses all throughout the heart


I'll tell you where the writing tip idea came from. Part of it was I wanted to demonstrate to the students my commitment that writing is integral to the content. So my commitment was I'm going to forego a little bit of content to emphasize writing instruction because I still think writing will help them understand the concepts better. So even though I'm eliminating some content out of the course, I think what they are learning, they're learning better because they're forced to write about it. But I didn't want to take a lot of time away from my lecture. So I kind of use it as an icebreaker in the beginning of class. I'll start with the writing tip. The writing tip might be very simple. For example, a lot of the writing tips are flagged by me reading the reports. For example, a common error when students first start to write about data is they don't realize that the word data is plural. So they'll constantly see data is, right? Data was. So a writing tip might say, I just want to make you aware that data is plural. So you want to use data were, data are. That might be a writing tip. This takes a minute or two. Another writing tip might be about a sentence structure. Try to put the main point of a sentence first, first part of a sentence, rather than the last part of the sentence. The same holds true for a paragraph structure.  That is leave the reader trying to figure out what you're trying to say to the very last sentence of the paragraph. Start with the topic sentence and use that as the main theme of that particular paragraph. If you start distracting away from that theme, it means that you need another paragraph for a different topic. So that might be another writing tip. So a lot of the writing tips focus on, I would say, more the mechanics of the writing, the style of the writing, how to write concisely. Not so much on understanding that writing improves your understanding of science. So it's more on the mechanics. The number one writing tip I gave was which helped me revise my template. In my template, I give an example of how to construct a table. In the very first exercise, everybody was giving me these really poor tables. I wasn't again sure if it was because they did it the night before or because they weren't following the template or my template wasn't clear. So I spent a writing tip, this was a longer one, this probably took ten minutes, where I went through the table, the data that they actually analyzed, created the table for them, told them all what you have, how to construct the table, what the proper weight, what should go on the table, how the data should be arranged, with headers and footers, etc. And when I asked them about the writing tip a few weeks later to tell me about a writing tip, it was the table. The table made the more sense to them. So that made me go back and revise my template and put that element back into the template, because apparently it wasn't clear enough in the template. So that's another example of the writing tip. I actually got the idea from, I use a mathematical software called MathCAD, to do calculations and every time I open it up, there's a little window that pops up that says, MathCAD tip of the day. So that's where it flagged. I also wanted to use a writing tip to kind of keep a consistent dialogue of writing going throughout the quarter. I just didn't want to have the discrete times where we talked about, right, we only talked about writing when I handed back the reports. I wanted to keep a consistent dialogue, daily dialogue, keep them thinking about writing. It is important, it is important as the content, and but again, I didn't want to take away too much time from the content, so that's why I just started these quick writing tips of the day. So to just give them one, rather than summarizing all this writing into two or three lectures, let's just give them one little tip and see if that works and see if they hold on to that, see if it makes sense. And because of many times it reflects back on the reports that I've graded, they will incorporate those into their next report.


I started out as a high school teacher and in those contexts, I started using a web tool called Comment years and years ago, which was a web annotation tool. And I've also done it where I have printed out text, blown it up, put it on big paper. There's the high school teacher in me. I'm the office supply queen. I put it on big paper and said, let's write on this together and think it through together. For, for me, it has been a situation where I think that students often feel like they're the only one who is having some issues with understanding on and they are a little afraid to question or to speculate, but once it becomes a more social activity, they seem to be more inclined to take a little bit more of a risk in their reading and to be a little bit more open.


In this presentation, we will turn on the tracking feature within our zero accounting software. Get ready, because here we go with zero. Here we are in our not-for-profit organization dashboard. We're going to take a quick look at our Excel file to see what our objectives will be.  You'll see that this is in basically one column type of format where debit and credit format. When we create the financial statements for the not-for-profit, we are going to be needing separate columns over here to format the financial statements the way we would like to have it formatted. That's going to include as we can see in the statement of activities where we have the items that are restricted and unrestricted or with donor restrictions and without donor restrictions. In order to do that type of breakout, we're going to use a tracking type of feature within the zero system. We could further break these down into their subcategories. Subcategories, we might have things such as the public health, the programs, the general admin, and so on and so forth as well as track the items that are going to be restricted in more detail as well. Let's see where to turn on this class tracking feature. So we're going to go back on over to zero. We're then going to go to the drop down up to the left. We want to go down to the settings. So we're going to go into the settings. So drop down then into your settings. I'm going to go all the way to the bottom where it says looking for advanced settings. That's what we want. We want the advanced settings. So we will go into those items. Then we're looking at the tracking category. So we are in the advanced settings. We want to go to the tracking categories. Then we have our option here. So we have add tracking category. So we're going to go ahead and add tracking category. So here's our information for the categories. So our first category, I'm going to label it as unrestricted. So we're going to say unrestricted. It's going to be our first category. And that's going to be lining up with our statement of activity. So if I went back over to Excel, you'll recall in the statement of activities we have with donor restrictions and without, we're going to have a shortened name and just call it unrestricted. Now within the unrestricted items, we're going to be including the breakout that's going to be within them, including the programs, education, community services, the admin, I'm going to call it admin, which is the management in general and the fundraising. So I'm going to put that in there and I'm also going to indicate the percentages in the name as we do so. So I'm going to go back on over here and I'm going to say that we have our categories. Then I'm going to say admin is going to be 20%. So I'm going to say 20% admin. We've got the fund raising. I'm going to put 20% there for the fund raising. 20% couldn't find the percent there. And then we're going to go to the community community service. 20% there. And then I'm going to add one more here. We're going to be adding one more. And that's going to be the education. And that's going to be 40%. So 40%. So we've got the unrestricted. And then the categories are going to be admin, fund raising, community service, and education. I'm going to say save. So there we have that. Now I'm going to add a tracking category. I'm going to add another tracking category. So we'll say add tracking category. And this is going to be restricted. And then I'm going to, for now, I'm going to put down here the restricted category of time, time restriction. And then we'll add more categories in a future presentation as we consider those items that are going to be restricted items. So I'm going to say save. So there we have that. So now we have our categories of unrestricted on this side. So unrestricted over here. And then we've got the admin, community, service, education, fundraising, percentages, admin, 20, community, service, 20, education, 40, and fundraising 20. And then the restricted item, which at this point in time, we're just going to have the time restriction in that category. So it'll become more apparent how we're going to use this information in future presentations. But let's just first take a look at a transaction here. So let's take a look at an expense or an invoice. So let's take a look at an invoice first and just consider what these categories will then do for us. We're not going to actually record this invoice right now. I just want to note this line. You see, we have two items in it and that would be unrestricted and restricted. And then if we see the dropdown here, we can designate the category for admin and so on for the unrestricted and then the restricted. We have the category of just the time and we can actually add more categories as we go as we do some of these data input fields. So once again, don't record this. I'm going to go back to the dashboard just to remind us not to record the invoice here, but we'll see more of this in future presentations. That's going to be it for now. Let's get out of here.


It happened in 1986 when we moved to Texas. Rather than flying, my husband thought it would be nice to drive, since I had never seen that part of the country. My husband had made this trip several times to see family in Gainesville. He always went the same route when he visited, but this time he decided to try something new. It was apparently a more scenic way to get to our destination. We were just on the Texas border when my husband realized that we were running low on gas and we had not seen a gas station for some time. The road we were traveling was deserted. There was a deep curve in the road and that both sides of the road were surrounded by trees that formed a canopy over the road. I remember that it offered a slight reprieve from the heat. As we got into the curve, the road suddenly straightened out and the canopy of trees was gone. At the end of the curve was a very small and old-fashioned gas station with two of the oldest looking gas pumps I had ever seen. I remember seeing bear hides hanging on a wooden fence. As my husband stepped out of the car, a young kid who looked as though he was about 11 appeared from nowhere. He was dirty, barefoot, and wearing overalls with one clip missing and hanging down in front. As my husband talked to the boy, I decided to go into the store and get something cold to drink. But when I found there, I will never forget. There were two cases of Coca-Cola sitting on the floor in front of the counter. Nothing unusual about that, except the bottles were very old and covered with at least a half inch of dust and cobwebs. The counter had a very old cash register, the kind that you pulled a handle to run it or add totals. It too was covered with dust. The most interesting thing was a really big cookie jar that sat at the counter with cookies inside. The jar was like the rest, covered with dust and cobwebs and no evidence of any disturbance. The store was extremely dark and musty smelling, and as my eyes adjusted to the darkness, I noticed that hundreds of what appeared to be animal hides were hanging everywhere. That's when I decided it was time to get out of that place. When I got back outside, my husband had finished pumping gas and was engaged in conversation with the boy. It was at this time that I noticed something else about the boy. All of his teeth were filed to sharp points like a carnivores. The short time that I stood there, I noticed that the boy kept looking at my husband's stomach and smiling. He was trying to convince my husband to go fishing with him. My husband asked him where he lived and he pointed to a cliff, but we saw no houses. I told my husband we needed to go, but the boy kept begging my husband to go fishing. I got in the car and waited about two seconds before yelling at my husband. He finally told the boy he'd better go before he got in trouble with me. As we drove away, neither one of us spoke for several minutes. Then we turned and looked at each other and let out a sigh of relief as if we had just escaped with our lives. We drove about twenty minutes down the road and stopped at a cafe. As we sat down at the table, we noticed that the placemat was one of those paper mats that shows a little map of the area. We tried to find the gas station on the map, but failed. We decided to ask the waitress about the little gas station. We were totally shocked at her reply. She said that there wasn't a gas station in that direction for at least two hours and she'd lived in the area all of her life. Even the name didn't sound familiar to her. She told us the heat had probably gotten to us and we should remember to drink plenty of water. Submitted anonymously.


In today's video, we are going to talk about some interesting facts and myths about the Chantilly Tiffany cat. The Chantilly Tiffany is a cat breed that started with a pair of chocolate colored kittens. These felines are known for being affectionate, social and talkative. This breed originally went by the name Foreign Longhair. You may find these cats in shelters and rescues, so remember to always adopt. Don't shop if you're looking to add a feline to your home. The Chantilly Tiffany is a cat who loves to be around humans and will form very strong bonds with the main people in their life. While the breed is exceptionally social and loving, this also means that they would not fare well with being left alone for long periods of the day. This cat definitely wants company all the time, whether that includes snuggling, playing, or even talking. Here are some of the interesting facts about the Chantilly Tiffany cat, which will give you some further insight into its characteristics and temperament. 1. Chantilly Tiffany's History There's more than a bit of mystery and confusion about the Chantilly Tiffany's history. The breed dates to 1967 when a breeder in New York named Jenny Robinson bought a couple of chocolate brown cats called Thomas and Shirley. Two years later, Shirley produced a litter of similarly brown kittens. A different breeder named Sijin Lun who specialized in Burmese cats bought some of Robinson's chocolate brown cats, a development that brought about the false rumor, that the Chantilly Tiffany is actually a result of Burmese crossbreeding. In 1994, the International Cat Association officially recognized the Chantilly Tiffany. These days, you might find them in shelters or rescues. Opt to adopt if this is the cat for you. 2. Chantilly Tiffany's Size The Chantilly Tiffany is a medium-sized cat. As is always the case, exact size standards might vary. Most Chantilly Tiffany's weigh between 6 and 12 pounds. However, many can be smaller or larger than average. 3. Chantilly Tiffany's Personality The Chantilly Tiffany is super-lovable and very devoted to the humans in their life. This is a breed of cat that always wants to be around the human company, so don't be surprised if the cat happily follows you around from room to room, whether you're cooking in the kitchen, relaxing on the couch binge watching a TV series, or napping in the bedroom. The Chantilly Tiffany also has a reputation as a vocal feline. They'll happily talk to you throughout the day, so be prepared for some cat chat. Beyond the breed's affectionate side, they also showcase a playful streak. Make sure you have a solid selection of toys in rotation, and consider adding smart, interactive toys to the living environment. 4. Chantilly Tiffany's Identity and Temperament The Tiffany balance is out a good amount of resting with movement. It can remain still for a very long time, happily relaxing in the lap of its adored one. This quality makes it the perfect partner, and a perfect home companion for the senior residents and the physically challenged people. The Chantilly Tiffany cats bond greatly with people, choosing a couple of individuals from the family, and giving them care and love. It addresses its friends and family in its typically delicate, sweet trilling voice, and reacts very well with being addressed to. Perceived as a delicate, steadfast, and dedicated buddy, it appreciates cuddling and pursuing its kin around the house, but in an undemanding and non-harassing way. They don't like to be separated from everybody else for a significant amount of time. For individuals who are away for a large time quite often, this isn't the best decision for a housemate. It is an incredible family cat, co-existing very nicely with kids, and however it very well may be held with outsiders, it isn't dreadful. Its capacity to remain quiet and unruffled likewise makes it a decent expansion to a home that as of now has creatures. 5. Chantilly Tiffany adapts easily. Chantilly Tiffany adapts well to any kind of environment they are raised in their playful nature makes them good cats and a household with older kids who can play with them and do tricks but it can also be content being pursed on somebody's lap making them a perfect pet, they can live happily in a small and also a large family although they may choose favorites. In the latter, the Chantilly's adaptability also makes them good travel cats. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beemix Pets. Are you looking for high quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out beemixpets.com. Use coupon code Kittenlife to get 20% off. 6. Chantilly Tiffany's health concerns. Chantilly Tiffany's are generally considered to be healthy cats, although it's important to schedule regular wellness visits with your cat's vet. Some of the more common health problems Chantilly Tiffany suffer from include digestive issues and obesity. 7. Taking care of Chantilly Tiffany cat. It's important to keep up your Chantilly Tiffany's regular veterinary checkups to detect any health concerns early. Your vet can help you develop a care routine that will keep your cat healthy. Beyond scheduling yearly wellness visits with your vet, make sure that you pick up a scratching post for your Chantilly Tiffany cat's living environment. This can help promote healthy scratching and keep the cat's nails in good condition. The Chantilly Tiffany's ears should be examined regularly for signs of dirt building up or possible infection. Talk to your vet about starting a regular tooth brushing regimen that will suit your Chantilly Tiffany. Your vet can advise you about specific brands and techniques. The Chantilly Tiffany is a cat breed that will appreciate a cat tree to play and interact with. This will help keep the cat active and physically satisfied, so definitely consider adding one to your home. 8. Chantilly Tiffany's coat color and grooming. The Chantilly Tiffany was originally found sporting a distinctive chocolate brown colored coat, and many still do, although they're also now found in other shades. The coat is considered semi-long haired. When it comes to grooming a Chantilly Tiffany, ideally you will want to make time to schedule brushing daily sessions. This will help keep the cat's semi-long coat in good condition and also ward off the chances of mats forming. Use the grooming time as an opportunity to bond with your feline. In terms of climate, most Chantilly Tiffany's are fairly adaptable. Just remember to always make sure that there are enough shade and fresh water available during the hotter months. 9. Living with Chantilly Tiffany cat. The Chantilly should have her nutrition control to be certain she does not get too heavy or out of condition. The semi-long hair coat can easily conceal the beginnings of a potbelly. The Chantilly should be provided with a running and playing room. Interactive exercise should also be made part of her daily routine. These cats are very oriented toward people and enjoy playing with them. Although the Chantilly has little or no undercoat, she should still be groomed daily to keep the loose fur out of her coat. Even this kind of fur can quickly knot and tangle if neglected. 10. Chantilly Tiffany to children and other pets. The Chantilly Tiffany is normally a very good fit for families with young kids. Just make sure that early socialization takes place and boundaries are properly set on both sides. Supervise early interactions between young children and cats. When it comes to other household pets, the Chantilly Tiffany usually fares well with most other domestic animals. But always make sure to supervise early interactions between the new cat and existing pets. Sometimes these relationships are very much dependent on the individual pet's personalities. Ultimately, early socialization really pays off with this breed. Make sure to reward your Chantilly Tiffany for good behavior when you bring them home to your family. 11. Chantilly Tiffany's social and attention needs. Cats in general tend to require a lot of attention. Owners who are home often or are able to participate in activities with this cat breed will be delighted. Try to spend 10-15 minutes actively involved with this breed several times a day. Daily exercise will help maintain its body weight and keep its muscles toned and strong. Toys are important to allow the cat to stay active and engaged. If you enjoyed this video, kindly press the like button. Also don't forget to subscribe with notifications on, so that you don't miss out on videos like this. Thank you for watching.


Good morning ladies and gentlemen. My name is Stéphane Gilles. I'm Prandex coordinator for East Asia and Pacific region and working with Global Alliance. What I'm looking forward to learning during this third May Congressional long forum is to learn about the customary and collective lamp and forest return security in this region and particularly, how can we increase forest and new security at the national level? Thank you very much.


From Hollywood it's time now for Johnny dollar welcome to Hollywood mr. Dollar. This is Daryl Daryl Jim Daryl Daryl and Clark insurance We wrote up the palm quiz policy. Oh that Daryl for a minute. I thought maybe yeah Yeah, everyone does about the policy understand you're worried about it national underwriters is they asked me to take a look Come on over and help yourself a hundred thousand dollar coverage on both. Dr. Carl palm question his wife It's that double indemnity clause. I'm interested in becomes effective the end of this week, doesn't it? That's right What's wrong an anonymous letter sent to underwriters kind of hints that somebody is going to try to collect Tonight and every weekday night Bob Bailey in the transcribed adventures of the man with the action-packed expense account America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator yours truly Johnny dollar From special investigator Johnny dollar to National Underwriters Association 1180 River Road Hartford, Connecticut The following is an accounting of expenditures during my investigation of the long shot matter Expense account item one one hundred seventy four dollars and ninety cents airfare and incidentals to Hollywood, California a Good night sleep at the Beverly Hilton Hotel and in the morning sunshine Hartford slush was only a clammy memory Nobody walks in California saw one in Rome item two two dollars even cab fare to Daryl and Clark insurance brokers Beverly Hills where else come on in dollar won't be a minute grab a chair One look at the furnishings, and you know a lot of insurance was sold here It takes a flock of premiums to pay for the really good modern the long clean functional stuff impressive Jim Daryl was even more so and I'd have bet that 90% of his policyholders were women He seemed to be doing two things at once shaving and keeping track of passes by in the street outside I watched him glance quickly out the window for the fifth time smile happily to make a check mark on a desk I Give up. What is it? Electric shaver. I mean the bit outside the window.  Where's Clark? Seeing prospect we play on the honor system Yeah, I'm mr. Darrell Yeah, bomb quiz policy on you want to know about it Well, you sound reluctant. It's delicate. So is this letter Look into palm quiz policy. You may have to pay off soon Nice corny touch there letters from a magazine pasted on to form the message Well, the style's a little old hat but the meanings clear enough You want to fill me in the palm quiz mr. Dollar the last of one of our oldest families out here name social position money They've got it all that's why I'm not too impressed with this little Communicator you were telling me about the family palm quiz the doctor an important one six dish to the manner born complete with iron gray hair and distinguished bearing a Knows what he wants type of man has tremendous practice and still finds time to go hunting about two months out of every year and his wife Invalid confined to the house a huge house by the way out near the beach and there's a son Eric 25 who lives with them That's the family about the policy Darrell Simple enough 100,000 straight coverage on both doctor palm quiz and his wife and the beneficiaries only one son Eric for both for both Hmm, it's pretty pointed grunt. Why not? I was thinking of the double indemnity clause. It'll be effective in a few days That's what I thought you were thinking. Well, let me have a couple of addresses with you the house at the beach and palm quiz office sure Officers only a few blocks from here and dollar, please be tactful with those premiums They're so lovely the way to make sure they keep coming is to keep people healthy. Yeah, I guess you have some What do you know? Another one why now Bermuda shorts that puts me three up glass gonna scream like an eagle when he pays that lunch check today We did Roman off I Walked the four or five blocks to dr. Carl palm quiz office It was easy to find you just look for the most expensive building and the most expensive part of Beverly Hills Or as the natives sometimes call it lootville as I turned into the entrance Young executive type brush past me on the street suit charcoal gray. I hoped he wouldn't pass Darrell's window Dr. Palmquist office was all it should be tasteful quietly lush the kind of place that made you wonder why he didn't live right there The nurse who came forward did nothing to destroy the thought blonde complete with doe eyes Retrozee nose and a figure that floated great medicine for the sick May I help you? I'd like to see the doctor. You have an appointment. Mr. Dollar Johnny dollar. No, I haven't Dr. Palmquist isn't in right now. Oh, what time will he be back? Well, he has a 430 appointment suppose I show at five then miss London Stephie London miss London five. I can't promise anything, but you might try. Oh, I will I'll try like mad Expense account item three thirty eight dollars even deposit and first days rental on a drive at yourself car and Driving an out-of-long sunset boulevard was delightful. I had no trouble at all getting into the California spirit I pretended that I was a movie producer going home to his starlet wife. I Found the Palmquist house on a quiet dead-end street high on the Palisades overlooking the Pacific Darrell was right huge a single-story farmhouse that seemed to ramble endlessly It was a long way to come for nothing. I Walked around the side of the house. Nobody tried to stop me I moved through an open breezeway and wished that somebody had because suddenly I felt like an intruder Because of the woman sitting in the wheelchair staring vaguely down at the swimming pool that sparkled in the sunlight Because of the way she poured a drink from the bottle beside her without ever looking at it Because of the way she held the glass as though she wanted you to believe it was sarsaparilla tea not whiskey Isn't really medicine, you know, I Only pretend that it is Yeah, sure Look, I I didn't mean to barge in like this Mrs. Palmquist Victor says it's disgusting Calls it a sign of weakness Do you feel that way young man? well Nobody does anything without a reason My name is duller Mrs. Palmquist and well, I'd like to talk to you for a little while if if you feel up to it weakness Oh It's very sorry Victor wouldn't like that either Would you mind wheeling me into the house young man? I'm very tired. Oh, yeah, sure thing.  She wasn't sleeping just somewhere off in thoughts of her own I Pushed the chair toward the house as gently as I could It wasn't until we almost reached it that I realized we had an audience a good-looking kid in his mid-20s watching us from a bedroom window A kid who didn't want to be seen the way he jumped back from the window told me that It's getting pretty weird out Inside the house. I wheeled Mrs. Palmquist into a large living room Gently patiently I tried to get her to answer a few questions, but I got nowhere She wasn't rude just secretive swanning and very far away. I Was wondering how to get out gracefully one. I'm so very sorry I'm afraid I haven't been very attentive. Have I mr. Dollar certainly just as clear and lucid as that I looked around to see what it made this almost magical change and he was standing just inside the room the kid I'd seen watching from the window Eric come here dear This is my son Eric. I'm afraid. I've forgotten where you told me you were from mr. Dollar My mother's been ill mr. Dollar. She's not supposed to be disturbed. Oh, I'm sorry. I was just leaving good I'll show you the way out. Oh Maybe that would be best You'll come back again mr. Dollar when I'm Feeling better. Yeah, sure, of course, please make it soon. I Don't seem to keep very good track of time another sign of Weakness I suppose when you show mr. Dollar out Please come back Paul.  Dollar What do you want here? You can see she's in a well. Yeah. Yeah It didn't take you long to go from Eric to Paul did it she is not insane you hear mr. Dollar I didn't say she wants now. Why did she call you Paul? Paul was my older brother. He died three years ago. That's part of why she's like she is a small part. Oh, I'm sorry Nobody's asking you today. You just don't come back here. I Had plenty of time to kill before five o'clock and a lot of things would have been pleasant Sopping up the Malibu Sun watching the kids in the beach you name it But instead I settled for a visit with an old friend lieutenant Barry homicide I wasn't just being social pretty sneaky as a matter of fact The anonymous note which underwriters had received intrigue Barry and he promised to have it gone over by the police lab At five on the dot I was back in dr. Palmquist's office Yeah, he used to get gold stars for it at school I'm afraid dr. Palmquist doesn't get one He called just a little while after you left this morning. Oh said cancel all appointments for today that he wouldn't be in I'm so sorry Yeah, so my I would have called you but I didn't know where to reach. Oh, sure. That's okay What about tomorrow? I can give you an appointment at 10. How's that? I'll be here. Thanks. Oh Mr.. Dollar, would you like to give me some information now like what medical history previous illnesses complaints the usual thing? Saves time in the morning. Well, why don't we wait till tomorrow in case dr. Palmquist decides to play hooky again? There's one nice thing about this job you get around so much you learn to pick up local habits without even thinking about it For instance that evening. I had a leisurely dinner then took in an endless double feature all without ever once getting out of my car Drive engine It was well after midnight when I got back to my hotel feeling a kinship for bus drivers everywhere I headed across the lobby ran smack into Jim Darrell is around at the cigar stand Dollar, where have you been? Well, hi Darrell. Hey, who wound up paying for lunch? Listen, I've been trying to get hold of you all night Where were you dinner a movie the wildlife fine? Well, don't look that unhappy. I didn't do anything illegal Somebody did why? Hey, what is it Darrell? What are you talking about? Mrs.  Won't you yours truly Johnny dolly Johnny dollar starring Bob Bailey is transcribed in Hollywood Written by Tony Barrett. It is produced and directed by Jack Johnstone Be sure to join us tomorrow night same time and station for the next exciting episode of yours truly Johnny dollar Roy Rowan speaking


what's up guys we're back with another epic video today we're gonna be opening your viewer mail and this viewer mail could potentially be pretty epic so we have a few different things in here but first we're gonna do the giveaway i don't know if you guys remember we gave away two of these ancient guardians booster boxes courtesy of yugioh black market only one was claimed therefore we're putting this one back up for giveaway so i shipped out one of them the other one was never claimed so one of you guys will have a chance all you got to do like this video be subscribed and comment what you think about viewer mail let me know something that you would want to see in viewer mail that you want to send in viewer mail all right let's get into the mail we have a few different things so first we're gonna start off with something that i think misplaced so this might be kind of old like i've had this for a while so i think it's time to open it we do have a note though which is good so maybe they put a date on it we can see how long i've had this ruxin sorry it's taken so long to get this sent out it's okay it took me forever to find it so who knows when this was sent included are some yugioh towi anime character cards you can have and get graded or do what you want with there is also some cards including that you can use for a giveaway it's been great to see your channel grow so much best of luck collecting and to the channel from dark wing riam i think i messed that up but we'll try that so that sounds really cool yeah i saw these and i was like okay this looks like something epic i can't believe i accidentally left this out of viewer mail for like a while like a couple months all right let's see what we got from dark wing rim riam i don't know all right so i think these are the giveaway cards these cards will be included uh if you win the booster box that's pretty cool you got chimerite over dragons probably my favorite of those four then we have some really cool stuff we have bakula yami bakula towi animation i've never seen these cards before they're very thick which is cool all right i can't read them obviously but uh pretty cool stuff so that's the first one then we have a few other ones we have a uh wow what is this yugi's looking a little bit uh a little bit creepy there what's going on yugi uh you got something to tell us okay kaiba with the green hair is this like before this like season zero or whatever i don't even know and uh there's regular bakura before he turns uh crazy there so that's cool so these are really awesome i've never owned any of these cards so thanks again for sending these in that's like i mean it's really cool to see some cards you've never seen i bet these are extremely old so that's epic so thanks a lot that's awesome all right next up we have something that i don't remember where i got this from but i think it was included in viewer mail at some point and we didn't open it so we're gonna open it up i think it's like uh a korean tournament pack four i don't know we're gonna we're gonna try it out though so let's see what it is all right we're not good at ripping those definitely not here we go we've got a nobleman of extermination sorry is that our rare the giant red sea snake and the nibble manga okay well that was not what i was expecting but tp4 korean i mean how often do you see that that's pretty cool i mean tp4 came out a long time ago so i don't know if can you reprint a tournament pack i don't know if they did or not let me know if you know anything about that pack hasn't been reprinted or whatever all right next up we have another package uh it looks like this and this yellow manila is that manila envelope is that what this is all right so we have another giveaway so that's the nice thing you guys send a ton of giveaways so these viewer mail videos end up having a lot of different giveaways video giveaway and small gift ruxin you'll know which is for ruxin okay i think i have a good idea for it then all right well what could it be let's see what it is all right we have the is this a note hope this finds you well ruxin thank you for providing so much content you were one of the people who got me into yugio i have a small gift for you in the community as a token of appreciation it's not much but please accept the gift i will accept it as always like the video and be sure to subscribe said sue i like it he even told me how to pronounce it that's the way to do it also like the video subscribe definitely balling out i love that i love the support of the channel so let's see uh the ones for me i guess and the others are for other people so i think this is giveaway this is not one i immediately knows for me all right so we got some more giveaway cards all right it's supposed to be suspenseful here we go wait oh we're just turning around okay another next one all right let's see what this is oh we have the first edition chicolates play set and the legendary picanha moth check those out guys that's a powerful package right there my picanha moth and chicolates thank you very much okay he sent another he sent another package but it is not for the video so i'm going to take this off i will read this after the video all right we have another package here let's see what this is this was an international package so i don't know what's going to be in here okay it looks like we have like okay wow this looks like a serious package all right let's see hey ruxin my name is matteo at d underscore chaos on instagram and i'm from italy with this little gift i just want to thank you for making me restart my passion for yugio hope you enjoy this as a little giveaway for your subscribers not the black sleeve there you go guys more giveaways for you guys let's go so first i see this okay is that an italian pack wait which one's the giveaway how do we know one two three so is this the giveaway or is this the wait i'm gonna have to open this up okay we have three it appears to be italian start us overdrive that's really cool i don't know if that's the giveaway or not we're about to find out okay let's do you start with one or do you end with one i think you start with one right you count up unless it's saying number one best all right first thing what is inside suspenseful they've been turned around backwards what could they be okay it's still suspenseful we have first edition portuguese pecanio moth a play set of them there we go more pecanio moths i will be the king of pecanio moth i'm calling it now all right second pack what are the chances we have a portuguese chicolates i've never seen one of those that would be pretty cool we have another top loader more suspense here we go what could be inside we have one card this time what is it oh the grande moth this is a european copy so that's pretty cool it has the e on it very nice and we get to the third step what will be we've had pecanio moth we've had a grande moth will it be the chicolates we will see or will be something completely different who knows what will be the last card all right let's see it doesn't look like a what is this oh the perfectly ultimate great moth that's pretty cool all right we got ourselves the the big boy pecanio the pecanio is growing all the way up the ts wait tsc yeah this is normal right the sacred carts is that what you normally get out of that yeah i think so maybe i don't know i can't remember actually i have a copy of this game but i can't remember i think this is the normal one i think it's the normal one if it's not then it'll pop up on the screen all right so i think that these are the giveaways so these are headed to the giveaway this giveaway is insane so you guys should enter the giveaway if you can that's pretty crazy then we have another item which is a tube so you guys can guess what this is it's shaped like a cylinder so there's only a few options here this was sent in this is another one that i missed i was like i wasn't sure who sent this but i believe this one was from serman it's going to be hard to show this because it is a uh it is a pretty large mat but we have all game urs all gamers welcome so pretty cool mat it's really hard to show on here unfortunately i don't have the best setup for this but a pretty awesome mat all gamers welcome and since we're obviously all gamers we like yugio we're all welcome it's perfect so thank you very much serman for sending that in and that's pretty awesome and finally we have a booster box of ancient guardians this is not the one we're giving away this one was sent in by one so let's see what we can pull out of here can we pull a collector's rare he sent this a while back all right let's open up this booster box for one let's see if we can get something all right let's try and pull the phenomenaga the deity of poisonous snake it's either yeah phenomenaga the queen of what i think the deity is is the the king right is that right am i right i can't remember all right we're gonna find out though that's really the that's really the card i want there's the phenomenon the king of what yeah the king so maybe it is the deity dinosaur power the light serpent ignite reload and the new new i don't want you guys to see this but we're probably either about to open lightning overdrive like the next day or we've already opened it so hopefully that new set will be pretty epic as well because this set was not as exciting as some other ones it was definitely a little bit not yeah not that interesting um i the something about the collector rare sets it's like collector rare or bust it really feels like that which is not that fun when it's like that even though you do get them a lot easier than star lights which is cool all right we got the skullmeister we got that we can pull both of those the obdotic light let's see if we can pull an epic collector rare can we do it guys evil dragon an answer that would have been a cool collector rare to be honest phenomenon oh we rex and special light serpent and the naya i kind of want to mix these up so our packs aren't mapped let's let's shuffle them up all right next pack of ancient guardians can we pull something epic thanks to wan for sending this in guys here we go pot of riches mega tennis pranker tops and the new new next pack what will we get so far no ultra is not even an ultra yet which is pretty interesting king of the feral imps we got the sulfa cord trade in sulfa cord snake ring and a snake ring would be a good one as well oh the fancy i think actually i don't think fancy is that good but it is an ultra let's see we can get on this next pack of ancient guardians of angu i think it's angu is that what it is it's kind of a funny abbreviation rise of the snake deity we got the ignite reload ignister the nominate the nominaga the deity of poison snakes there we go sulfa cord elegance just one ultra so far the way it's just so weird to have three ultras in a box and that's it doesn't it feel weird i don't know let me know what you guys think about it in the comments i'm interested to see how you feel about collector rare sets especially when the collector rares are like the only really good thing in the set so it's kind of like weird really okay i pulled some ultras but none of them are good and i didn't get a collector rare so it feels kind of bad we got an ananta master paladin trade in agnotic hollow dinosaur power and the mc tannis almost said milk tannis the milk tannis here we go rise of snake deity sulfa cord dreamia flogged us pot of riches rock sunrise scale and another elegance all right we are looking for a collector rare out of one box can we do it guys can we pull the epicness we got the ignite reload offering to the snake deity sulfa cord musica zoha skullmeister and harmonia super rare here we go next airs rock sunrise damage reptile yeah lester pendul origin mega polar snake deity and the gracia okay nice super rare but uh yeah but yeah not the collector rare we're looking for maybe we will get one that would be cool rise snake deity the dreamia boundless pot of riches pot of riches so creepy oh a beauty okay wait is beauty a good one i think beauty might be a decent one i don't know what the values are anymore they've probably changed a lot since i first opened it even though it's only been a couple a few weeks really the sets are coming out so much faster now they took like a two month break which is just weird and now they're back all right feral imps ananta and slider all right we still gotta we've still got a lot of chances here we've got a lot of chances at that collector rare i don't remember if it replaced or not i don't think it did right i think you would still get three ultras i hope that'd be a real bummer if it does self court scale and the allerant super rare very rare it's super rare because it's in every pack all right offering to the snake deity to dream you trade it quint charge fibers rebirth snake ring and amunicia the eugdodic queen all right we got that amunicia amunicia all right so we've gotten three ultras so if they do replace you know then we probably didn't get one but we don't know that so we're gonna keep checking it out we're gonna keep trying here we go next pack the dream you trade in quint charge fibers rebirth snake the drago slayer and the departure all right next pack a rune damage we're at uh got the benign amunica eugdodic calling oh we rocked the special like three cards and the gracia and look classic ancient guardians has a big corner it's so bad how do how do you do that already on the brand new set about a quarter of the box left we pulled three ultras already so we're gonna get the collector rare as well or are we gonna strike out on it we will see the mega polar mega bills vipers rebirth origin wavering eyes and the cutia all right and just the cutia but can we get something insane the drago slayer the mega polar the mega bills vipers rebirth origin wavering eyes and the mika mika billis four packs remain in this booster box sent by one let's see what we can get here we go so of course scale with evil dragon ananza master paladin is sending drago slayer ignis to prominence if i try to say like every word of these i would be oh like pass out in the middle of this like bluh next pack oh this is ripping up weird this is ripping up weird you've got the earth sartic mega bills oh ruckson special damage ripped uh i got the same drago slayer mega polar and the angelia last two packs guys here we go viewer mail is coming to an end pretty epic pretty epic mail this time what can we get in this booster box will we end it with a collector rare that'd be kind of crazy alidia snake ring light serpent or sartic slider i've not had very good luck with the set well i guess i have but in terms of like better than ratio because i opened two booster boxes and we didn't get a collector rare so i opened a case and then we had good luck there but oh there we go skull my star for the ruckson special phenomenon final pack rock sunrise and the earth sartic departure how many times do we pull this guy feels like a lot i may be wrong though all right thank you wan for sending that in that was pretty fun to open and everyone who sent in mail it was awesome if you guys want to send in something for a future mail day episode just check out my po box in the description and you guys can send something in if it has a note i'll read it out you know whatever as long as it doesn't have something insane on it or whatever but that's it for this video hope you guys enjoyed it and i'll see you guys later peace


Quick word. Thank you first of all for watching this video. Thank you for the You know incredible support that you've given me over the years Doesn't matter if you've watched one video or you've watched a hundred or you've watched a thousand because there is almost 2,000 videos on the channel Thank you so much. The time has come the time has come for me to create a reaction based channel I asked you guys the question over 80% of you said you would be interested in that so I've decided to take the the leap of faith and Create a brand new channel zero subscribers zero views This will be this video you're watching right now will be one of probably the last five or six reaction videos you will ever see On this channel based around the rugby player reacts title. I'm officially retiring My series titled rugby player reacts in the future I will be putting all of my reaction videos on my second channel Jake reacts. I wish you all the best I hope that I'll see you there if you do want to subscribe Please do the link is in the description box below Like I said, this is gonna be one of the the last reaction videos you'll see on this channel I'm gonna put my heart and soul into this new one and I'd absolutely love your support if you enjoy my videos. I Know you'll enjoy these ones. I'm in Rockhampton. Now. This is my new environment You'll see all of that plus more on my new channel Jake reacts the link is in the description box below. Thank you so much guys Enjoy the video All right, my friends. How are we what is going on and welcome back to another reaction video this morning? I'm sitting here In my Airbnb and I'm looking through you know specifically running races There's a fair few that have come up on my recommended feed But I haven't watched that's what I normally do if there's something I I do Genuinely want to make a reaction video on I will not watch a single second I'll simply click save to watch later and that's exactly what we're doing So this is a men's four by four hundred meter rate Relay and also a replay. I'm led to believe it's the 2021 SCC indoor track and field champs February 27th, and we're about to have a look. So let's go Final point totals and the margin of victory There's still something to be said for winning the four by four in this conference meet That's a that's a that's a gold standard Championship gold standard quality here Dwight and Dan, but if Georgia is not in its four by four hundred meter relay The first section with just two teams in it Will be South Carolina starting out lane five and the zoo out of lane six. I'm sorry guys But I need to see if Georgia's in this. No, they're not or are they? Yes, they are So this is not the final this is the heat That's what we all want to see that's what I want to see I want to see my boy Matthew bowling In the conference coming into this championship Matthew bowling for Georgia, they're loaded up And believe it or not Dwight Georgia has never won an SEC indoor boy When you're in the conference with Texas A&M in Florida, that's that's a tough thing to do Well Matthew bowling only one open 400 meters in this indoor season put him on the put him on the National list or on the national list in the open sixty two hundred four hundred and now a real Solid long jumper over eight meters for the first time this season That's Swiss army sprinter that every college team wishes they had long speed short speed Even give you both two legs on a couple of relays out those They will start in lane three. So it's gonna be a little tighter for bowling in those first two turns He goes like this, doesn't he? Is this real with Sebastian Cooper or am I dreaming still it's a good question 304 90 the time to be when you're that fast It's almost like a dream Like the way that he came out nice in control. He's already made up some ground Nice that's what you want Now he'd be fatigued after running all these other races, right?  Kentucky price right run by Kentucky They will pass off even with Georgia Kenroy Williams for the Wildcats I'm a Jewel the T we've heard and it's closing up closing up Georgia Daniel Bynum for Tennessee clinical He has the best time in the conference bad at all.  Look at this guy Tennessee by them on the outside Distance trying to take the lead. Oh too much distance bruv does so Tennessee Kentucky and and Georgia that is a run-and-a-half by Tennessee Long limbs and we've got another long guy. Let's go for it Kentucky to Dwight St. Hilaire Annem along play and Elijah Godwin for Georgia and look at Godwin Tennessee nicely in command with at the Bell Anybody catch Jonathan? So cool. That is the question. Is he gonna fade? I don't think Dropping into second, but does he have enough gas of real estate? Not quite for sure Tennessee's gonna win it Oh, Kentucky come through for a thing and Georgia come last tears Kentucky second at 30467 Georgia 30472 So the top three beat the time Posted by Alabama. They will end up with the fourth place points That was a great race lot of league changes bro, this guy went He ran under 46 the guy from Tennessee and took the outside lane Originally, I was actually watching the Kentucky guy due to his clinical form, but Establishes the number one time in the country four sec teams under 305 In this conference championship with two weeks remaining to get even better And they'll be right back here on this very fast track a great four by four hundred. Look at those times That's incredible incredible Section finally the 200 meters Elijah Hall of Houston. Well, well, well That was good. And with that being said, I'll I'll see in the next one too bad about you know, Matthew Bollock I reckon they should have gone with him as the final leg Just to make it interesting, you know when if they're behind at least I've got a chance to bring it back Anyway, that's just my opinion probably not yours, but if we all agreed then life would be dull very dull So with that said, thank you so much for watching. Thank you so much for the support and I'll be back sure


Hi, my name is Normazor and this talk is about simple constructions for regular running functions. This is a joint work with Japan Zang. Running functions are the minimal assumption for complexity-based capital. We can use running functions in order to construct menus for primitives, including pseudo-random generators, pseudo-random functions, encryptions, zero-knowledge proofs, universal running hash functions and more. Yet the efficiency of these constructions do not allow us to implement them on practice. For efficiency, we often want to consider the seed or the key length, the number of calls to the running functions and if we can, we want to make the calls to the running function non-adaptive. In this work, we are going to focus on PRG and universal running hash functions constructions for which there are gaps between the best glower and upper bounds. Let's start with presenting the parameters of the best constructions of PRGs. The efficiency of a pseudo-random generator construction out of runway function can be dependent on the exact assumption we have on the structure of the function. For example, if we assume that the function is a permutation, we can use the Goldrach-Levin-Art code predicate in order to construct a PRG using one call and linear seed length. If we only assume that the function is regular, meaning that every image has the same number of pre-images, we can construct a pseudo-random generator using omega of one calls and omega of n seed lengths. This is by generalizing the above constructions from permutation. However, in order to implement this construction, we need to know the regularity parameter r or the number of pre-images every image has. If we do not know this regularity parameter, we say that the function is un-on-regular, and in this case, the best construction we have uses a linear number of adaptive calls to the runway functions and linear seed lengths. This is due to a work of Eichner, Arnick, and Rheigold that uses a method called random as iterate introduced by Goldrach, Gravzik, and Luby. Juli and Wen later improved the seed length by a log factor with a minor cost in the call complexity by using a different but yet similar approach that converts any un-on-regular function into a non-regular function on a different domain. Lastly, a study in Paliazio, Levine, and Luby showed that any runway function can be used in order to construct pseudo-random generators. The parameters were improved by Eichner, Rheingold, and Wadan, and Wadan and Zeng up to n-cube calls and n-cube seed lengths in the case that the calls are adaptive or n to the fourth seed lengths in the case that the calls are non-adaptive. Before moving on to presenting the best constructions of universal runway ash functions, form runway functions, let me remind you what an universal runway ash function is. So this primitive is a family of functions indexed by a key k such that the functions are shrinking and yet it is hard to find a collision, meaning that for every x with high probability on the key k, it is hard to find x prime such that ck of x is equal to ck of x prime. So if we want to construct a universal runway ash function out of runway function and we know that the function is a permutation, we can do it using one call to the function and key of linear size. And as in the PRG case, this can be generalized toward for regular runway functions. If the function is un-on-regular, the best construction we have uses n-adaptive calls to the runway function and key of linear size. Interestingly, this is done with the same method of Frandom Asiterate that was used in the best construction of PRGs. Lastly, Rompel proved that we can use any runway function in order to construct universal runway ash functions and Eichner, Olshtern, Reingold, Wadan and we improved the parameters up to n to the 7 key length and n to the 13 calls. This is yet far from the best constructions of PRGs and the only construction we know is adaptive. Let's now see the best lower bounds we have. So we have linear lower bounds on the number of calls for both PRGs and universal runway ash functions, black box constructions from runway functions. This should be compared with the best upper bounds we have, which are n cubed in the case of PRGs and n to the 13 in the case of universal runway ash functions. However, these lower bounds all, also if we assume a stronger assumption on the runway function, that is that the function is a non-regular runway function. In this case, we know that the lower bounds are tight as they match the constructions that are based on the Rompel Asiterate method. These constructions, however, are a bit too. So we can ask if this adaptivity is necessary. In other words, can we construct a PRG or universal runway ash function from a non-regular runway function with linear number of non-adaptive calls? In this work, we are giving an answer to this question by showing non-adaptive constructions of both PRG and universal runway ash functions based on non-regular runway functions. The constructions are tight with respect to the number of calls and are relatively simple, but the seed or key length is longer. The seed or key length in our constructions is n squared, which should be compared with linear seed or key in the adaptive constructions from non-regular functions. So let me show you the constructions. Let f be an non-regular runway function, and we start with the PRG construction. So let h be a universal ash family from 2n bits to n plus log n bits. And we need additional properties from this family, for example, in order to use Goldash Levine. So think about random matrices. So the PRG is defined as follow. It takes as input a description of our ash function, h, and t inputs to the runway function x1 to xt. And it's going to output h. And for every pair of inputs, xi and xi plus 1, we are going to output h applied to xi and f of xi plus 1. Notice that while the input of g contains t blocks of n bits each, the output of g contains only t minus 1 blocks of n plus log n bits each. This is the reason that we need to take t to be large enough, larger than n over log n, which is tied with the lower bound. Let's now see the universal runway ash functions construction. In order to construct the universal runway ash function, it is enough to construct a single function that is shrinking, and for which it is hard to find a collision for a random input. We are going to define such a function. This time, let h be our universal family from 2 n bits to n minus log n bits. And the construction is very similar to the PRG one, except for two additions. The first is f of x1 in the beginning of the output, and the second is the last input xt at the end of the output. Again, in order to get a shrinking function, we need to take t to be large enough, which is larger than n over log n. In the rest of this presentation, we are going to see the security proofs of the constructions. Before moving on to see the security proofs of the primitives, let me show you the main observation behind the constructions. Let f be an r regular function from n bits to n bits. So we know that given f of x, there are exactly r possible values for x. This is because the regularity. But moreover, observe that there are exactly 2 to the n over r possible values for f of x. This is because there are 2 to the n possible inputs, and every output is mapped to exactly r distinct inputs. So we can ask how many possible values there are for the pair x1 and f of x2 given f of x1. Our main observation is that there are exactly r times 2 to the n over r possible values for this pair, which means exactly 2 to the n such. And this is cool because it means that r can sense out. This fact turns out to be very useful when considering unknown regular functions. We are now ready to see the security proof of the PRG. So let h be appropriate to universal family and let g be our definition of PRG. Recall that we want to show that the output of g is indistinguishable from uniform. By a simple hybrid argument, it is enough to show that the last block of g looks uniform given the previous blocks. But the only dependency between the last block of g and the previous ones is h and f of xt minus 1. So we only need to show that given f of xt minus 1 and h, the output of h on xt minus 1 and f of xt looks uniform. By the observation we saw in the previous slide, given f of xt minus 1, they are exactly 2 to the n possible values for the pair xt minus 1 and f of xt. Thus the pair xt minus 1 and f of xt has exactly n bits of mananthropy given f of xt minus 1. So we can extract n minus o of log n statistically close to uniform bits. So the first n minus o of log n bits of the output of h are statistically close to uniform. To show that the entire n plus log n bits of the output of h look uniform, we need to extract additional omega of log n bits. For that we can use Godrach Levine and get that the last omega of log n bits are sudo uniform as well. This concludes the proof, as like we said by a simple hybrid argument, it follows from this that all the blocks are sudo uniform and thus g is a prg. Let me now show you the security proof of the universal runway hash function. This proof is a bit more technical. Let h be a proper to universal family and let c be the function we defined. Recall that we want to show that it is hard to find a collision for c on a random input. As in the prg security proof, the proof reduces to show that it is hard to find a collision for one block of the output of c. That is, given h x1 and x2 it is hard to find x1 prime and x2 prime such that f of x1 is equal to f of x1 prime and h of x1 and f of x2 is equal to h of x1 prime and f of x2 prime. We'll call such x1 prime and x2 prime a collision for h, x1 and x2. We should also require that f of x2 is not equal to f of x2 prime as otherwise it may be easy to find such a collision but I'm going to ignore it for this talk. Note that if we are able to show that it is hard to find a collision for h, x1 and x2 it follows that it is hard to find a collision for the next block as well. This is because as it is hard to find a collision for f of x1 and h of x1, f of x2 one can only find a collision for the part which ends in the next block for which f of x2 prime is equal to f of x2. And so one needs to find a collision for the same function again this time with x2 and x3. This must be out from the same argument and so on for the other blocks. As we can see that to show that it is hard to find a collision for h, x1 and x2 is enough in order to show that it is hard to find a collision for the entire function c. So we now turn to show that it is hard to find a collision for h, x1 and x2. Let us assume toward a contradiction that there is an efficient algorithm A that given h, x1 and x2 can find a valid collision x1 prime and x2 prime. We are going to use such an algorithm in order to invert the running function which is of course a contradiction. The idea is that given an image byte that we want to invert we can construct an input for h which is some h, x1 and x2 for which it will hold that one of its collision is x1 prime and a prime image of y for some x1 prime. And so as this collision contains a prime image of y, A cannot find it. The next step is to show that the number of possible collisions is small and therefore the probability that A outputs the specific collision x1 prime and a prime image of y is i. This is of course a contradiction. So let's start by counting how many valid collisions there are for random h, x1 and x2. By the observation we saw before there are exactly two to the n possible values for the pairs x1 prime and f of x2 prime such that f of x1 prime is equal to f of x1. Since h is the two universal h functions from two n bits to n minus log n bits the probability of a random h to map x1 prime and f of x2 prime to the same value of h of x1 and f of x2 is n over two to the n. So we have two to the n possible values for the pair x1 prime f of x2 prime such that f of x1 is equal to f of x1 prime. And for each such pair the probability that h maps x1 prime f of x2 prime to the same value as x1 f of x2 is n over two to the n. Overall on average we have n such values that collide with h, x1 and x2. Since there are only n such values that collide with h, x1 and x2 we can hope that a will output the pre-imager file with probability of 1 over n. However we still need to construct the input for a which is h, x1 and x2 such that x1 prime and the pre-imager file is a possible collision. To do so we also need to use a so overall we are going to use a twice once in order to construct the input and in the second time in order to find the pre-image of y. So let's now see the inversion algorithm. So the inverter gets as input an image y that we want to invert and in the first step it is going to choose a random hash function h and random x1 and x2. Next it is going to apply a on h, x1 and x2 in order to get x1 prime and x2 prime. Now x1 prime is a pre-image of f of x1. In the third steps the inverter is going to choose h prime such that h prime on x1 and f of x2 is equal to h prime on x1 prime and y. So x1 prime in the pre-image of y is a valid collisions for h prime, x1 and x2. Next the inverter apply a on h prime, x1 and x2 in order to get x1 double prime and x2 double prime. If you are lucky x1 double prime is equal to x1 prime and in this case x2 double prime is a pre-image of y. So we are going to output x2 double prime. In the paper we are able to show that x1 prime and x1 double prime are equal with non-negligible probability which concludes the proof. To conclude in this work we introduced non-adaptive constructions of both PRGs and universal 1A hash function from un-regular 1A function. The constructions are simple and are tight with respect to the number of calls but use as long seed or key. Lastly we have a few open questions. The first one is is the input length in other constructions optimal. In other words can we construct a PRG or universal only hash function with a linear number of non-adaptive calls and yet to use only a linear seed or key length? The second question is can we find a better constructions of universal 1A hash functions from arbitrary 1A functions? Maybe to get the parameters to be closer to the best constructions of PRGs or to construct a universal 1A hash function without using adaptive calls. The last question is to find better low bounds for both PRGs and universal 1A hash functions constructions? Thanks!