Hi, y'all. She was seven. I'm back. Okay, so this video is going to be about relationship goals Okay, say you are dating someone and things are getting serious or you want them to get serious. What? Do you want to happen? Okay, so this is what a lot of people forget to plan? Okay, a Lot of people say oh just let it happen. Let it be things will fall in place that But if you don't go into something with a plan Anything can happen at least a structure or an outline of what you want the relationship to be needs to be made Okay Because first of all in order to have something you have to know what you want It's like going to a restaurant if you just walk into a restaurant and say oh can you cook this can you cook that? you know and Don't look at the menu or see what they have on the menu or you know Know what type of restaurant and even is before you walk in and you're in a seafood restaurant ordering sushi or You know or you're in a because actually You're in a sushi restaurant ordering macaroni and cheese. It's not gonna work Okay, so you need to know a plan you need to have an outline You need to know what you're working with you need to know what you're going what you want on your menu okay, so Let's say you're dating somebody and you say, okay, this is this is what I want my relationship I want honesty kindness. I want you to be a good man Who's provides? Supports me, you know treats me like this this and that wants to eventually get married and have kids You know or at least work towards that direction. I Don't want someone who's not even focused in that area at this time or who you know does not want to even consider it So you need to know You know what you want before you even start trying to You know get in good with this person or make a commitment to this person because if you want five kids And he don't want any kids and y'all are in a deep relationship for five years and then he says well I'm not doing this. I'm not doing this and you had your heart set on all this You're actually Sacrificing and giving up your dream to stay with someone who you never knew in the first place Okay, because you should know these things before you get involved.  I don't care what he thinks and then he's gonna feel pressured And he's gonna like I can't take care of these kids I only had enough money to provide for you and one child or no child at all You know, that's not part of the deal and a lot of ladies get caught up and say oh well if we have a baby It'll change everything. It'll make him do better But if this man had his plan and you didn't and you try to sabotage his plan with your plan to make him a better person Remember, you can't chase people they got to change themselves and they already had this plan and they told you Before entering into the relationship. Look, this is all I want So you can't change the plans later on unless you both are in agreement You can't just sneak behind someone's back and change the plan Unless you are an agreement or unless they change their mind and start to think more like you and you have to be on Agreement with it. Now a lot sometimes this happens by accidents and when women have kids with guys and they'll say Oh, I didn't want kids or too late blah blah blah blah and now you have to work with it and then they wonder why There's trust issues Okay, because when you walk into a relationship, you don't you don't walk into a relationship saying okay I'm gonna get pregnant. I want to have kids. I want to put you on child support I want you to pay everything. That's how the guys are seeing women That's that's why they're afraid because they they think you're gonna trap them or use them, but really It's all But you just want to change them to make them a better person to love you and to honor you and to take care of you But a lot of women do this in the wrong way. Okay, you can't trap a man You can't make them better by having a baby. Okay, he's just gonna resent you and say what could am I? What can my life have been if I had met you?  Look, I won't have my baby by the time I'm this age So you need to prepare to get ready by this age and he'll say yes or no and if you can't come to agreement just say okay Well, we don't need to be together because it's my plan and obviously we're not on the same page So he's either got to say, okay Well, at least she warned me at least I have fair warning and I can make a decision based on that you don't just pop up one day say hey, I'm pregnant because I Wonder baby, and I know you didn't yet, but I don't care what you think blah blah blah blah blah if it's not an accident like a lot of ladies do this on purpose and Men, you know, they be trying they try to prepare they try to save their little money They try to say okay woman five years. I'll be ready for a baby, but the woman is so emotional She's thinking what he's gonna leave me or if I put a baby on him He'll stay or he'll feel trapped and he won't be trying to you know, do this and that you're already thinking like He's leaving you and you know, that is what probably pushes him over the edge Sometimes when women do this now for me, I Had this in my mom when I was 18 years old or 17 years old I am not having kids until I am married and no shade to any woman who has done that because my mom did it Lots of other people did it and it's not a problem But I said for my personal goal in life because I've seen how the struggle is for women who do this I Said I'm not having kids till I'm married Okay, and I'm not working either I said this when I was 18 and I say this is how it's gonna be I cannot do it any other way If I don't get married, I'm not having kids straight up You know, that's it so I Never had kids until I got married and it works out a lot better Everybody's on the same page same board. They have the resources to provide for the child and the wife and all this kind of stuff everything is planned out on paper straight up Easy and Everybody wins. Okay, so don't get caught up in a motion Well, I love him and we would make a pretty baby together and do that is like Not very intelligent because you're not thinking about the future of you your kids or that relationship You're thinking about this you know, oh This is going to be so perfect.   What's gonna happen to me? Think about yourself first. Well, either I'm gonna get dumped. I might get arrested. This could go on my permanent record I won't be able to work. I won't be able to maintain my lifestyle because I'm not gonna be with him I might be in jail.  Well If you have less problems than that, okay Well, if I always nagging my my man and he don't love me I don't feel loved and I just want to be loved and caressed and he's not into that Think about what you do have instead. Would you sacrifice? a nice house a nice car You know not having to work You know luxury things and life Because you want to kiss somebody Okay, or because you want to be lovey-dovey holding hands and walking through the mall like teenagers So actually that was someone had a question like that for me, you know I'm not gonna name names, but someone did say they're they're the person that they're with Does not show them enough affection anymore and they have everything they want But they want that connection with a man and it's like oh You know romance a true love and stuff like that But that that man has given her the romance and the true love and those type of butterfly feelings Don't want a commitment. Don't want her to leave her man and it's not gonna pay for her Okay, these are the kind of men that won't do nothing for you.   Has all to do with how you handle things emotionally like y'all see the trolls in my comments section I don't care. Those things do not make me mad. They make me laugh They're actually comical because when you if you know psychology and you break down someone's comment or insult You just really see how they feel about themselves or what's bothering them what they're lacking or what they're insecure about or Something like that or what they like to attack on women to make them feel insecure about themselves So that they can get more attention from them for making them feel like this. Okay, that's the oldest trick in the book We all know any man who's wasting his time watching the video and gonna comment and and put down a woman is very weak Okay, so we don't value your opinion. Anyway, you're like low on the total poll to us so we wouldn't even talk to you in real life if you pass this by on the street and You should be lucky that anybody acknowledges you in the comments because You wouldn't even exist to us in real life. Okay. Keep going That's what's funny. I mean if I was if I was a man who couldn't get a teacher from a woman I'd be trolling on videos to just so I can get some attention, you know But hey, you gotta get it somewhere if you can't get it in real life, right? Anyway so I think I like how a Lot of people handle it, you know They just either delete it or they get if you get mad and go into an emotional rant and start typing back You shouldn't say that that hurts people's feelings and you're not me I see a lot of people I see a lot of youtubers do this You're not very nice.   I'm even talking to you and knowledge of you.  Okay So yes control your emotions by being extra confident by thinking about The effect that it's gonna cause if you act this way Okay, a lot of people when they're young they have trouble controlling their emotions But if you consciously work on it, you consciously say hey I feel like I'm being extra emotional in this argument or in this situation What would a man do because men don't think emotionally. Well, man of yesterday I don't know men today think very emotional But how would an older man handle the situation? Would they would they put logic in place and And then you put your emotion in the logic on a scale and you balance things out Okay, you say okay. Well, if I overreact he's gonna get mad and leave I don't want him to leave. That's the whole reason. I'm mad because I love him and this this and that so Why don't I just you know Say, okay. Well, you know we We need to have a discussion about our future plans. I love you so much I just want to see if we're both on the same page instead of you don't ever talk about us being again And if you do you don't love me are you gonna be with me? Are you cheating?      All right. I'll see y'all later. Bye


You'll return $5,000 to all the way $1.4 million, right? Tremendous, tremendous, so that it's like 2,028,000% how are I crazy? And welcome back to my channel, the all-in-one place to learn about stocks, options, as well as investing. So in my previous video, I shared about this powerful option strategy called Kulikaishi strategy and so many of you actually gave me comments about whether can we actually optimize this Kulikaishi strategy further. So in this video, I am going to go through one more optimization strategy which I think you can consider to implement onto your current strategy to see whether can it turn out to be even better than that. But before that, if it's the first time that you're coming to my channel, do remember to click the like button and subscribe to this channel so that you will stay up to date. So without further ado, let's go straight into that. So right now, you can see that my calculator I have already filled up all the information for you but I would like to actually go through this whole process together with you so that you can really understand how did I get the number and how you yourself can also do that. So for example, if you'd like to get a copy of this calculator as well, then do just click down the link below this video. There's under the comment section, I do actually give you a way to download this so that you can also do the back test yourself even after you watch this video. So the first thing we want to do is we want to take back all the way to November 2011 and the reason why we want to do that is because when I first time do this Kulikaishi strategy, I also use the same date which is May 2011. I just want to make sure when I'm comparing the impact of time decay, I'm using the same date so that you can see exactly how would the time decay would actually play any part into this option strategy. So the philosophy behind this optimization is to really test out the concept of time decay in option because we all know that options is a contract and it's definitely bounded by time. So we want to see that if we can actually then lengthen the duration of the contract as well as to minimize the impact of time decay, will that be actually increasing our ROI using our Kulikaishi strategy? You'll realize that I have already backdated the date all the way to the 31st of May 2011 and what we need to do in Kulikaishi strategy as to basically buy the longest call all right, pretty similar to the current stock price right now. So the stock price back then was $58.36. I'm just going to initiate a call position at $58 and when I click the buy button, that is the that is the premium that you need to pay which is $6.075 which is I have already also inputted inside the calculator $6.075 you can see here. So if you round it out one option contract is about $608. So with $5,000 capital, you will have already gotten eight contracts and if you still remember the first time when we are doing this strategy, we want to close off our position one year down the road. However, in this strategy right now, the modified version is not just going to be one year. In fact, we want to close it whenever a new option contract, a new option contract actually appears inside our platform. So what does that mean as whenever there's a new contract, we want to close off our old position and re-initiate our longest contract inside the latest contract so that we can always buy the longest duration of option contract and so that I can also minimize the time decay and that is philosophy behind how we do this round of optimization. Instead of closing in May 2012, I actually closed the contract in November 2011 because if you go to the trading platform, that is when all right, the new contract actually appears. All right, so let's check it out. So right now it's May. I'm just going to November and end of November. You can see that originally the latest contract, the longest contract, it's until January 18, 2013. But if you scroll down a little bit, you can see that there's actually a 2014 January contract and that is why we want to close off our original position, which is at $58. We bought it, a strike price at $58. And right now if you sell it back the same contract that you have, you will have made a loss about $50 per contract. And what we need to do next is to re-initiate a longest position, which is right now near to the current strike price, $56. And you will have to invest about $9.05, which is equivalent to $900 in one option contract. So all these numbers, let's check out our calculator. You can see that everything is already inputted in. And when you close off your previous contract, you will have to close it at a slight loss. And that's why when you sell it back, it's $550 per contract. So initially you were losing a money about $465. So your capital would have actually started less as compared to the previous strategy. Because the previous strategy, the first year we already started making money. But in this case, we actually lost some money. But it's okay. It's only half a year. We basically re-initiate another contract, follow through the process, Kulikaishi, Rinsan Repeat. And right now, in the second year when we buy, it's $905 per contract. And we will have been able to gotten five contracts instead. So right now, let's see by January 2012, that was when a new contract is being initiated, which is just in like a short, a few months, okay, three months' time from November to January. So right now let's go to January and check it out. So as you can see, if I go to January 2012, I'm just going to go to the latest date, okay, 31st of January. And you can see that a new contract is being initiated until expiring in 2014, December instead of January. So what we need to do is close off our January contract, which is at $56, I'm going to sell it off, okay?  So in a way, you make some profit, all right? And with that amount of capital back, you want to remit another position in the longest duration, and you buy at $60 strike price, and that will cost you $9.10. Now, all this number, $9.70, $9.10, it's already inputted inside the calculator. Let's go and check it out, all right? As you can see, if you close our position, you will have gotten back $970, and you will have made some profits, okay? And right now, your capital will begin with $4,800, because the first year you lost more than compared to what you earned previously. So you start with $4,800, and you buy another contract, okay? At $910, and if you can do that, you will have gotten yourself high contract. So all you need to do is to rinse and repeat this strategy whenever a new option contract is being released in the coming month, okay, that you see inside your brokerage account, all you need to do is to close off a contract and then re-initiate the longest position. And you can see that I have already done it all the way until December 2020 for you, all right? So why do I need to do that? As you can see, actually, some of the months, occasionally, there are certain years that have multiple new option contracts within one year, but most of the time, it's still like once a year, right? Can you see that? It's all like November, November, once a year, but then closer to date, sometimes it comes to September, and then in January, a few months, a short few months, a new option contract also gets released. So the whole purpose of this is whenever we see a new release, we just close off the old contract and re-initiate a new one, all right? Just rinse and repeat Kulikaishi and Sosuleba, okay? What I want to do right now, I want to show you the ROI, the difference between if you do this strategy versus the previous one, which is a very passive form of just buying and closing every single one year, you set a specific date to do that, what is the difference? So you can make a guess right now, okay? Without me revealing the answer to you right yet, make a guess which one will give you higher return, okay? One is you are really trying to minimize the time decay by always optimizing, by closing off your original contract and buy another one, which is optimization. The other one is the older version, okay? If you think the newer version will give you higher return type new in the chat, or if you think that it's going to be the older version, which is a more passive way than type O in the chat, okay? Now, with that, I'm going to reveal to you the answer. Now, let me show you the answer, all right? So right now, if you scroll down a little bit below, you can see that your return for using this optimized version of Kulikaishi strategy will have been a whopping 28,000%. So what does that mean as your $5,000 capital initially, 10 years ago, right now, if I close off all the position in May this year, because I'm comparing the same date as I repeated the previous strategy, all right? Which is I close off my position 31st of May this year, your return $5,000 to all the way $1.4 million, all right? Tremendous, tremendous, all right? It's like 2,028,000% our eye crazy. However, if you look at the previous version, which is what we did just buy and close one year later, very passive form, your return will happen. Look at this guys, it's 38,000%. So what does that mean as by doing less, you still make more money, all right? And if you follow the previous strategy, 10 years down the road, your return will have been close to $2 million versus the optimized version, which is $1.4 million, which is also very good, right? But it's like a $500,000 worth of difference, all right? So once again, when it comes to investing, it really doesn't have to be very complicated, all right? And of course, as much as we try to optimize our ROI, but sometimes the less that you do, the more that you earn as well. So let me know which strategy do you actually prefer, all right? Do you prefer the older version or do you prefer the newer version? And I think nevertheless, regardless which approach that you choose to adopt, both will have made you tremendous return to from $5,000 all the way to more than a million dollar in about only 10 years time, all right? So that is the power of investing. And I really wish that you guys can take away this message and really start investing. For those who are very new to options and you just want to make sure you know how to do it step by step, then do join me in my upcoming free training. I'm going to share with you how can you use three powerful option strategy and profit from the market in all directions. While waiting for my options foundation class to happen, do join me in my Telegram channel as well because I will constantly share about my latest investment insights. If you find this video helpful, remember to give it a thumbs up and share out to your friends so that more people can learn how to tap into the power of options to accelerate their return. With that, happy investing. I wish you have a great day and I will see you next time.


I welcome members to the 17th meeting in 2014 of the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee, and I've always asked members to switch off mobile phones. Gender item one is instrument subject to negative procedure. No points have been raised by our legal advisers on the insolvency Scotland amendment rules 2014, SSI 2014, 114, nor on the Food Hygiene Scotland amendment regulations 2014, SSI 2014, 118. Is the committee content with these instruments, please? Gender item two instrument is not subject to any parliamentary procedure. Again, no points have been raised by our legal advisers on the act of sederant rules of the Court of Session and Sheriff Court company insolvency rules amendment, Mr Dlanier, is 2014, SSI 2014, 119. Is the committee content with this instrument, please? Gender item three is the Courts Reform Scotland Bill. It's consideration of the Scottish Government's response to the committee's stage one report on this bill. Members have seen the briefing paper and the response from the Scottish Government. I wonder if members have any comments to make, please? There being none, are we content to note the response and, if necessary, reconsider the bill after stage two. Agender item four is Public Bodies Act Consent Memorandum, the site of a business consideration of the Public Bodies Abolition of Food from Britain Order 2014 draft, the United Kingdom Government Order under the UK Public Bodies Act 2011. The Consent of the Scottish Parliament is required to make an order under part one of the Public Bodies Act 2011, where such an order makes provision which would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament. The Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee considers and reports on such orders under the same grounds as instruments laid before the Parliament. No points have been raised by our legal advisers on this order. Is the committee content with the order, please? Yep, success to agenda item five, which is consideration of a draft annual report for the parliamentary year from 11 May 2013 to 10 May 2014. Under rule 12.9 of standing orders, the committee is obliged to report to the Parliament at the end of each parliamentary year on its activities during that year. We have before us a draft annual report for the parliamentary year 2013-14. The report is due to be published next month to coincide with the publication of all the other committee annual reports. Do you members have any comments on the report, please? I think that it's a report that reflects perhaps some input from this committee into the quality of work that is being undertaken across the Scottish Government and by drafters in that it is pretty broadly satisfactory and I think that's very much to be welcome. Is the committee content to note the contents of the annual report? We are. Thank you very much. I think that this is any other items of business, that is the end of the meeting and our next meeting will be held on Tuesday the 27th. Thank you.


Our civic organizations are taking a big step toward trying to make this downtown area beautiful as well as Johnson County and I think a lot of people if you got time that you probably need to contact some of these civic organizations and if you want to volunteer your time we would be more than happy to have you.


We are at the entrance of the 2nd European Harm Reduction Conference. It's Maria Fielen, who is the coordinator of the European Harm Reduction Network. What are the key messages so far at the conference? I think the key messages so far are really around hepatitis C and a really growing need to really start looking at how we can prevent hepatitis C and treat hepatitis C amongst people who inject drugs. We've also been talking a lot about new drugs and new psychoactive substances and also party drugs in different harm reduction interventions such as pill testing, funding for harm reduction has been a key issue for us. There's 16 million people estimated, 16 million who inject drugs worldwide, estimated 3 million of those who inject drugs are living with HIV. The Global Fund has invested about 600 million in harm reduction programming which makes it the largest harm reduction donor in the world. Of the 58 countries that have received Global Fund funding for harm reduction, 14 of those are now ineligible for Global Fund funding at all and 10 of those will receive no new money for harm reduction and increasingly the challenge for all of us who want to expand harm reduction services to people who inject drugs particularly in poor countries will be the effort that's required now to convince national governments that it's their responsibility to invest their money in harm reduction. We are living in complicated times in Europe, in various countries, harm reduction is under pressure because of finances, because of changing politics. We are a bit under fire now because we have a right when conservative mayor who started the war on drugs again, we're going to see all the same problems throughout Europe with this new populist wave. We need furthermore to address repressive drug policy and the legal environment that they create which systemically drives human rights abuses, most notably the denial of the right to the highest attainable standard of health. All the harm reduction measures that we have, they are too narrow because the prohibition ideology prevents them to develop. We've got a lot of repression against drug users and we are trying to develop a consumption room, we are trying to make a lobby with the government to implement this consumption room, but it's very difficult. Harm is here now and has many faces, homelessness, no acceptance of drug users or HIV positive people in hostels and shelters, no OST hepatitis C or proper HIV treatment in prisons, inadequate syringe needle exchange and distribution, no drug consumption rooms, no drug users access to naloxone, strict prison sentences for drug users even for micro quantities. We are now worried that the outbreaks that have been happening of HIV in Greece and in Romania since 2011, we are very concerned that the positive trend in Europe of HIV infections among injecting drug users is returning. If you want to see what difference harm reduction can make, it's good for example to compare Ukraine and Russia. In Russia, OST open substitution programs are illegal, the government does not support harm reduction programs at all and now it is one of the few countries where there is still rapidly growing HIV epidemic among injecting drug users. While in Ukraine, the Ukrainian government made significant efforts to scale up harm reduction programs and now actually there were reductions in the rate of HIV and non-guided use. Now these developments I think are now under a threat because of politics. A good example is what's happening now in Crimea where after the Russian occupation, the Russian government's first decision was to ban opiate substitution programs. What are the key problems and challenges for harm reduction in Kosovo? Well, first of all, the needle in exchange syringe program is not covering all the countries so they are only operating into three cities and the other issues are that people from rural area cannot come and be provided with syringes and clean needles. We have a problem with hepatitis C where almost 90% of the users in Copenhagen have the hepatitis C virus. The key message is to prevent the HCVR to have low threshold testing. I think it's very important that drug users have the possibility to test in their areas where they live, where they use, where they go to every day. I've become a strong advocate for e-cigarettes and alternative nicotine products and I think this is the next big harm reduction area. Much of tobacco control, rather like drug control, has been zero tolerance ban all smoking, dislike of smokers and a deliberate stigmatization of smokers and what public health people need to do is they need to switch around and see that there is something now that might be a very positive harm reduction tool. We came out here specifically to see what Europe has done to harm reduction because there's so much farther ahead than the United States is in that area and one of the greatest things that we've really gotten from this conference is how to start these things up and the conversations and how to get the people involved. Switzerland has an experience in harm reduction now over 20 years. It is absolutely evident and scientifically proved that this was a very positive step. If I take just the fight against AIDS and hepatitis C, it was successful to reduce the contamination and the treatment with prescription of heroin really allowed the people who were not able to comply other treatments to reintegrate the society with a dramatic, dramatic result, positive result. We come here and then it's a whole other level of people working together and cooperating. I've never been in these countries before but it's empowering.


Hey guys, this is Dr. Ahmed Ergen. I'm an endocrinologist and a diabetes educator. Today we are talking about WeGoV. WeGoV. So this is a new weight loss drug, but here's a trick. It's the same molecule as a diabetes drug. Let's talk about it. Now, hi guys. Thank you for watching quickly. I have a quiz for you in the description below. So after you watch this video, take the quiz, answer the questions, the more questions you answer correctly, the higher the chance and one in three will win a chapter from my book. It's going to be delivered electronically to you, a real chapter from my The Ultimate diabetes book. So go ahead, finish the video, take the quiz and win. Okay guys, so this is not an advertisement, okay? It's new. It is creating a lot of noise and I'm going to talk about it because I feel like I have to open a doctor. Come on, all right? Because if you don't hear from me, you're going to hear from someone. You better hear from me so that you can get the right information. So what is this for? It's for weight loss. Why there's a lot of noise? Because their studies are pretty damn good for when it comes to weight loss.  Well, if that was the case, there will be no obesity, right? So preaching is to a point works and after some point you're like, you know what, you gotta do something. Okay, so if medication is needed, sometimes it is needed. Not the first choice, not the last choice, but you need to know your options, right? So it is a molecule called somagulotide. So somagulotide is the same molecule in ozempic. Now you've probably heard of ozempic either on TV or you're already on it or somebody's on it. So it's a well-known medication for diabetes and it has been the strongest pretty much medication in terms of helping diabetes. And the way somagulotide works is that it is an intestinal hormone. So they basically mimic that intestinal hormone that is broken down by the body very quickly. So you eat and that intestinal hormones really get released and that makes the insulin in the body and then disappears because you know, it is designed to take care of that food ingestion. Now in overweight individuals and in diabetics, that mechanism is broken. So in a way that they're either not responsive to their hormone anymore or they're just not making enough of it. So as a result, you know, scientists come and say, okay, how are we gonna, you know, defeat that? Well, we can make a molecule and we can prevent that molecule that is very similar or almost the same molecule as the intestinal hormone that our body makes. But instead of letting that broken down, it sticks around. Okay. So as a result, you know, the action of that hormone continues. Now one of the most important action of that hormone is that it keeps you the sense of satiety. So it makes you feel full. There are receptors in your gastrointestinal system all over your body, brain, the GLP-1 receptors are pretty much everywhere. And in the satiety center as well. So there is direct relationship, you can tell, between the food we are ingesting and the rest of our body. And the hormones released as a result of the food we are eating.  So you feel like you're, you don't need to eat. Isn't that great? I mean, it's great. Well, we're gonna talk about side effects, right? So you're gonna be like, it cannot be that great, right? There are, of course, downsides to it. And we'll come to that. Now, the reason that they changed the name, not trying, they're not trying to do a marketing trick or anything like that. What they, the reason they changed the name is because it is a different molecule and it's studied differently. It is not studied in diabetic population. It is studied in normal population. Actually, in one of the difficult populations that we deal with every day is like the 45, 50 year old middle age women trying to transition to menopause and their metabolism just, boom, hits the wall. And they are like so desperate. I feel so bad for them every day in my clinic. I'm like, I don't know what to tell you. It's just, that's the way it is, you know, like, I can't, I can't just tell you just stop eating in the rest of your life. Now, the thing is with this, they increase the dose. But what happens in a lot of medications? You start a medication and people get used to it, right? And then if the maximum dose indicated in the label, you cannot go any higher than that and you don't know if it is safe or not to go higher than that, then you don't go high, you know, higher dose. So, so with these, what they did, they did safety studies on thousands and thousands of people to make sure that even over a year, the weight loss happened, the weight loss was maintained and people tolerated in a safe manner. So 80 to 90% of people, I think 85% of people were able to complete this huge, humongous, very long study. And they had, of course, double blind, you know, some people had placebo, some people did not have placebo, some people didn't have the real, real thing. And they wanted to see how much these people are losing weight. And they even at some point stopped people from using this and they switched them over and to see what happens, right? So with WeGoV, people lost a lot of weight. So around 15% of their body weight. So 15% is a huge number to me and not just losing it and maintaining it.  Do you have to stay on this medication forever?  And we're going to do an unboxing in a second. I'm just just not holding this. I'm going to show you the real thing. But the bottom line is you will need to either stop those habits, the bad habits that you used to have, or stick to the drug. You know, I never say anybody that you have to stay on this forever, but you can stop it. And if you can go without it and you can maintain the weight loss, be my guest, then nobody's forcing you to stay on any medication at all, right? So if you use medications as a supplementary, right? So same thing with herbal preparations, same thing with anything you use extra to help your appetite, your diabetes, whatever. So let's open this up. Let's see what is in there. So I sneaked this out. Well, not me, the wrap. So nobody has samples yet. I didn't have a sample in my office yet. But I told the drug rabbit, I said, look, you know, my viewers are going to be like wondering about this. They're going to eventually hear it on TV and all that. And they're going to be like, doc, what about this? Here's the deal. That is the box. It comes in a four pin. Now, what is the difference, the difference from Ozenpic that it is not a multi use pen? They made this super easy. And I'm going to actually try to show you over here. Maybe I can put it right there. Now, what they did is, this is a single use pen, 0.25 milligram is the starting dose. And it goes all the way up to 2.4 and you increase the dose once a month. And the reason for that is the side effects, which we'll talk about in a second.  You just removed the cap, you know, common sense. And then I think, oh, there's the needle there. Don't look. Don't look, but they they hit it pretty well. But if you really look and don't get too close to your eye, but it's there. Anyways, I think it's smaller than Toulouse de Nile. Anyways, this Toulouse de Nile is humongous. Alright, so I'm going to push this just like that. This is your skin. This is your belly. And then you go, you don't actually push here.  And then you hold it, and it delivers the, you can see the liquid is going in. And I think, oh yeah, I can see it's all wet here. Alright, so and you can see it's yellow after it's complete. You can see that it's all delivered. And you're pretty much done. And now what happens? Now you got the injection. Now you're like, what did I do? What's gonna happen? Am I gonna die? No, I don't think so. I think you will be just fine. Now what's gonna happen is you will have probably some nausea, especially within the first 48 hours. Okay, now some people, they're gonna be like, nothing happened to me. Yeah, again, everybody is different, right? So you can be big, you can be small, you can be a high metabolizer, low metabolizer. Some people may have severe side effects that is pretty much a minority. I would say, you know, people who are like vomiting and stuff is probably in my experience with semi-gulatide, which is the Ozympic, the other drug, with that dose in my experience is like maybe 3% or so.  Very elderly individuals are more susceptible.  But overall, it's pretty well tolerated. And the good thing is the nausea tends to go away. Now what are other side effects? Well, it's a gastrointestinal hormone, right?  And this guy is coming to your body and saying what to do. So that's not welcomed always by your body. And you end up getting some maybe diarrhea, abdominal pain can happen. But people tolerate this pretty well.  So when people lose weight, they can take anything. So but the thing is they also, you know, that tends to go away. Let's say you have a little bit of abdominal pain, you go for the second shot, third shot by the fourth shot. Most of the time, the side effects go away unless they are super severe. If you have this really severe side effects, I wouldn't increase the dose, I would stick to the same dose, and maybe stay on the lower dose until the side effects go away. But definitely they tend to go away. Now what are other side effects? Now, occasionally people report headaches, people sometimes report fatigue, and people report all sorts of things, but not common stuff. You know, people, they may say, oh, I hallucinated. I highly doubt that it is from this medication, because it's not really reported. But I don't tell people that you're lying or anything. I'm okay. Well, if you think that causes hallucination, then it causes hallucination. What can I say? But the but in real studies with the placebo controlled studies, you know, I can tell you that the nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea sometimes, or constipation, headaches, fatigue are most common. Now, who should not be using this drug at all? Well, there's something called medullary thyroid cancer, and the pancreatic cancer. Now, pancreatic cancer is kind of uncommon, and medullary thyroid cancer is even more uncommon.  So medullary thyroid cancer is a unique type of cancer we've very rarely seen. It's like a one in a million kind of situation. But if you have a family history of it, you know, maybe you should stay away from this because the animal studies show that the red studies that the cancer medullary thyroid cancer risk may go high, or pancreatic cancer risk can go high. So if you have pancreatic cancer in your family or medullary thyroid cancer, definitely stay away from that. But if you don't have any history, your risk increase is going to be this small, I would say. Now, the other thing is pancreatitis. So if you had pancreatitis in the past, especially if you don't know the origin why you had pancreatitis, there are a few more cases out of a few thousand patients with pancreatitis, pancreatic inflammation, which is presenting with severe abdominal pain, and it can radiate to the back, it can end up adwomiting and abdominal pain together. So if you have those symptoms, go to ER. But as I said, you know, this is something again, very rare. I don't even remember again, last time I had a pancreatitis with ozempic. But I hear that sometimes, you know, people start on, you know, semi-glutide or other GLP1 agents and end up with pancreatitis, rarely, that that's not unheard of. Retinopathy is another one that's reported. So if you have an active eye disease, like let's say you have bleeding in your eye because of diabetes, the retina blood vessels have some GLP1 receptors, and blood sugar changes also can induce that there is a slight increase in progressive retinopathy. Not that if you if you have mild retinopathy or no retinopathy, like eye disease, diabetic eye disease, it wouldn't cause problems according to studies. But if you have progressive retinopathy, bleeding already in your eye and stuff like that, then it may make it a little bit worse, potentially, not for sure, but potentially can make it a little bit worse. So these are the side effects guys, but definitely the weight loss is so far the best in the market. And if you want to try what you have to do is you need to talk to your doctor if you have a private insurance, not a Medicare or Medicaid in the United States I'm talking about, you can talk to your doctor to order that for you. It goes to a special pharmacy. It is I don't know the deal because the way the company operates is they told us that it has to go to a special pharmacy because sometimes using those coupons are like pulling teeth and the pharmacies are sometimes confused what to do. So they try to centralize that. So only a few pharmacies in your neighborhood may be doing that. So your physician will probably know where to send it. But in any ways, guys, this is by no means to promote this drug. The best weight loss is to work with your diet and exercise. If you have a diabetes coach, these are the best ways. If you have a weight loss coach, do it yourself is the best option. But if your efforts of do it yourself have failed, you tried also diets and you're not going anywhere. Sometimes you got to pull the trigger and do something about it because it's your health. Instead of just staying overweight and unhealthy, you have to do something about it. So guys, make sure you do the quiz below to show to prove that you have learned something and to win my chapter from my diabetes book and maybe potentially the entire book if you win enough times. See you next time. Give a thumbs up, like and share. All right. Thank you for watching and I want you to be more informed and more educated. So to do that, go ahead and watch this next video right here.


Welcome to this presentation, Analyzing Quantitative Data. This presentation is part of a larger project made possible by a grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services. This presentation will cover some common strategies for analyzing quantitative data, particularly descriptive statistics using Excel and Google Sheets. For more in-depth quantitative analysis, particularly inferential statistics, I recommend using a separate statistical tool, which I'll discuss briefly in the last section of this presentation. To begin, quantitative data are used when a researcher is trying to quantify a problem or address the what or how many aspects of a research question. It is data that can either be counted or compared on a numeric scale. Conversely, qualitative data describes qualities or characteristics, most typically you'll find it appearing in a narrative form. In this presentation, we'll touch briefly on what descriptive and inferential statistics are. I'll show you some basic mathematical or computational functions in Excel that you may find useful. Then we'll spend the majority of our time creating and using pivot tables to aggregate, summarize, and look for trends. Everything that I'll show you in Excel can also be conducted in Google Sheets. When there are differences in how things look or are accomplished between the Excel and Google Sheets, I'll also demonstrate those things in Google Sheets. My primary goals with this presentation are that you will develop a better perspective about how to conduct some basic statistical computations and quantitative analyses using Excel and Google Sheets. And become familiar with some key terminology and concepts that you can use to help make your life much easier as you analyze your data. To begin, you'll often hear people discuss descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics are just that they are used to describe and summarize your data set. They include things like counts or frequencies, percent of total, sums or totals, products, which is the result of a multiplication, means, which are averages, median, which is the midpoint of a range, and mode, which is the most frequently occurring item in a range. Common inferential statistical tests are key tests, which allow you to look for significant differences between two groups. Analysis of variance or ANOVA's as they're typically called, which enable you to determine if there are significant differences in the variance between two or more groups. Regressions, which help you determine which variables impact other variables. And correlations, which allow you to test for linear relationships between two or more variables. In this presentation, we're going to focus on descriptive statistics and how to analyze data sets for those stats using Excel and Google Sheets. On the next set of slides, I'm going to demonstrate some basic computational strategies and pivot tables. I encourage you to follow along on your own computers by downloading the Excel file, which you should see located very close to the video file. The Excel file is called sample data for analysis. We'll begin with a few basic common mathematical functions or computations. Some of this may be quite familiar to many of you, so think of this as a warm up if it is or a quick refresher. We'll use some student grades for this quick refresher and we'll do some summing and then means, median and mode. In both Excel and Google Sheets, all equations or formulas or functions begin with an equals sign. For basic computations, you can just use the basic signs plus to add minus to subtract an asterisk to multiply and a slash to divide. If you're doing anything more in depth or using more than a few rows or cells, I recommend using a formula. These formulas again will start with an equal sign followed by a mathematical term, a word, followed by the range of cells that you want to compute. You'll begin by clicking in the cell where you want the end result to go and typing in your formula. Or once you click in that cell, you can click on the function sign, the f sub x symbol to the left of the formula box to activate the formula wizard. Let's go ahead now and navigate to the Excel file, sample data for analysis and click on the student grades tab. I've set up this little worksheet. Let's see here. I've set up this little worksheet so I can show you a few simple computations that I hope you'll find helpful. And the process for all of these is exactly the same in Google Sheets. So I just made up this little data set of student grades. So we have quizzes, and we're going to compute an average quiz grade. Quizzes are weighted at 20% of the total grade. We have homework, which is weighted at 10%, midterm grades weighted at 30, and the final grade is weighted at 40, or the final exam is weighted at 40. So figuring out your average or your mean quiz grade is super, super easy. You just type in equals, and then the word average. I'm just going to go ahead and take advantage of the helper text here. And then I'm just going to highlight all of the cells in the range I'm interested in, and then close the parentheses and hit enter. And so the average quiz grade for that first student is 95 on down. And this little warning, don't worry too much about that. It just tells us the formula omits adjacent cells, meaning column A is probably what they're referring to. We don't really care about that. So we're just going to say ignore. I'm going to go ahead and get rid of that warning sign for all of these things. You could just leave that as is if you didn't want to delete the warning sign. Then remember the quizzes are averaged at 20%. So I'm going to just click equals. Click on the cell of interest, multiply, which is the asterisk, and then point to four, which represents 20%. So now this student, for example, will have 19 points from quizzes that go towards their final grades. I'm going to do the same thing for homework. I'm going to average the homework grades. Notice here I have some variations with the use of decimal points. You could standardize that if you want. You can right click and click on format cells, click on number, and then just reduce that decimal to one if you want. Let's go ahead and calculate the weighted score. So I'm just clicking on average times 0.1 for 10%. So this first student is going to have 7.5 points go towards their final grade. Midterm doesn't have anything. The average is just one grade. So we're just going to do the waiting, clicking on J2 times 0.3. And I'm going to do the same thing for the final, the final exam. This time it's weighted at 0.4 or 40%. So now all of these scores, the weighted scores can be added up or summed. And then you'll have your final score based on 100 points. So there's a couple ways we can do that. We can just do equals. Click on the first cell plus sign. Second cell plus sign. The third one, the midterm weighted and the final exam. So you could do that or you could do equals and use the insert function option. And we're still going to be doing a sum. This time this is the wizard saying what's your first number you want to add. What is this? Whoops, we've got to be right here because we're in the second row of data. This, now we're going to go to the second number we want to add, which is I2 or let's see. Yes, I2 or I3 we're in the third row of data, even though it's the second student. We're going with the numbers for the rows here. That third number we're adding is the midterm grade. And the fourth number we're adding is the final. So two strategies to sum get you the same results. Now, down here at the bottom, let's go ahead and see what the mean or average is for each of these things. That's really simple. You can just type equals, average, open parent. This time we're going to be doing a vertical range of data. Just highlighting everything in this column. So the average quiz grade on the first quiz is 82%. And then you can just simply drag that equation all the way to the right. And now you see the averages for all of these items. So the average total grade is 89.3. If you wanted the midpoint of the range, you just do equals, median, and then the same thing. And then we'll do mode equals mode. And then that same range of data. And then we, I'm going to just highlight both of those things at one time and drag it over to the right. And perhaps I want everything to be set at one decimal point. All of these mean medians and modes. I'm going to go ahead and highlight everything.  Let's see, we got an MA for this final mode. And that's just telling us that there is no, that isn't working for this equated field or this computed field. I'm just going to delete that because we really don't need it anyway. If you had a truly normal distribution, you would expect your mean median and mode to all line up and be the same information. So this is skewed in one direction or another, a little more towards the higher scores. So hopefully you'll find some of that helpful. I'll go back to the slides. So in the next set of slides, we're going to look at some survey data and use pivot tables to aggregate and conduct some basic analyses. Pivot tables allow you to look at your data in a lot of nuanced ways and are really the most important thing I learned about early on in my library assessment and research career. I'll show you the ropes in Excel, and then I'll show you the same tools in Google Sheets. The concepts between the two softwares are the same, though the layout in Google Sheets differs just a little bit. So pivot tables are really one of the most useful and powerful tools in Excel and Google Sheets for quickly doing calculations, aggregating, summarizing and analyzing. Essentially, it allows you to create a tidy little summary table from what might be a giant spreadsheet with thousands of rows and summarize and analyze the data with only a few keystrokes. It allows you to quickly explore your data and facilitates making comparisons and finding patterns or trends in your data. For example, here are two screenshots. On the left is a portion of a survey data set, and on the right is a pivot table I created that summarizes the number of responses received to the survey in relation to participants college and year in school. The pivot table editors in Excel and Google Sheets work very much the same, though the layout says I noted earlier just a bit different. I'll show you in the demos in just a moment or two. First, you'll see the names of all of your fields or columns that you can, let's see, let me say that again. First, in this top portion of the Excel screenshot, you see all of the names of each of the columns or fields. In Google Sheets, those things are on the right side of your screen. You'll see the filters option filters and filters. This allows you to look more in depth at a particular particular field allowing you to select specific options and not other options. You'll find that you'll drag these different fields, either to rows or columns, or maybe both. And then values is where the magic happens. This is where it quickly calculates counts or percent totals or averages, things like that. And it's all pretty much just a drag and drop functionality. In the moment, I'm going to walk you through two guided practice examples that will follow the basic steps as outlined here on this slide. Don't worry about trying to think to remember these things in your mind. They're just really here for reference if you want to go back later. The first pivot table we'll create will allow us to understand a bit about who completed the survey based on their year in school. It's often a good idea to do this type of quick assessment so you can know a little bit about who filled out the survey. And then you can then compare these breakdowns to the larger campus population. This may also impact how you interpret survey results, especially if there is a large overrepresentation or underrepresentation in any given category in the survey compared to your campus population. In the second pivot table, we're going to look at library satisfaction rating that was calculated on a scale of one to 10, with one being low and 10 being high, with respect to a student's admission status to college and the college that they're enrolled in. And this time we'll use means or average ratings to look at library satisfaction in each of these different combinations. So let's go ahead and open that Excel file backup and then click on the tab for survey data. So to insert, to create a pivot table, it's super easy. Just click in the upper left corner of your screen. Or you can do control a to select all. So everything in the survey is now highlighted. You simply go to insert and pivot table. Select a range or table. This is selecting everything in our survey. That's what we want. So I select OK. And that pops us up to this screen that looks like this. So we're over here on the right. This is what we're just looking at in the slide presentation. So remember, we were interested in knowing a little bit about who completed the survey, the year in school. So we can simply click on year in school with my left mouse key. Let's drag that down to rows. And you can see here, just going to make this a little bit bigger. You can see here we have the different years in schools noted as role labels. If really you wanted to put them in columns, you could just drag year in school over to columns and now it looks like this. Either way, we'll get you the same results. Now I'm going to go back into the pivot table fields and take year in school and drag that same thing down into values. And so here you can see it's counting. It's just counting how many respondents were in each category. And that might be helpful. And I'm going to pull it down one more time into values, which is just to repeat of the first thing we did. But this time maybe I want the percent total. Let's go ahead and do that. I'm just going to click in on count of them year in school too. And I'm going to right click and that brings up a pop up box. And then I say show values as I'm going to hover down and say percent of column total. So what we're looking at here is 289 freshmen completed the survey, which equates to 15.7% of all the survey participants. Now I'm looking at my role labels here. Maybe I don't want this blank, this thing that says blank, that's meaningless to us. We could filter that out. I'm just going to right click or click and then right click. And then I'm going to say filter and hide this. Just is cluttering things up for me. And then the no responses. There's really nothing we can do with that information. So I'm going to delete that as well or filter it out. So that all looks pretty good. And we do have these others. I wouldn't know what to do with the others. If I was doing analysis, they're probably people who are working on certificate or poach post back types of programs. So these things really that you see here are all really functions running in the background. If we wanted to save this kind of turn it into static information. In case we wanted to use it in use it again in some other way, like in a presentation, you could just highlight everything. Copy it. You could put it in a new worksheet. You could put it in a report. All kinds of things. I'm just going to paste it as values that way we're not having the equations running in the background. We're just have the actual numbers here. We lost a little bit of our formatting, but that's no big deal. Like these percent totals look kind of messy now we can just turn those into percents with a click of a button just highlighted everything. Then up here. I'm going to just click on this percent. If I wanted it to have one decimal point. I could just use that little shortcut. And now we have that same data is just static not formulas. I'm going to go ahead and delete that for now to accomplish it. Let me try that again to accomplish accomplish this task in Google Sheets very, very similar. And let me see if I can find my way I have a sample Google Sheet data. Just exactly the same in a mirror copy. So to do a Google or a pivot table here. I'm going to click in that upper left corner to highlight everything. I'm going to go to insert on the drop down. I'm going to select pivot table. It's going to go into a new sheet. That's what we want it to do. So we are going to do that same exercise we just did. We're going to take your in school and put it under rows. We're just dragging. You're in school under values. I'm going to do you're in school under values again. Whoops. I missed something there. Let's see. I'm going to turn this into percent totals. This time instead of clicking on the. In the pivot. The pivot table. We're going to over here under values show as default. We're going to change that to percent of column. And so there we have that. And then let's say I didn't want these no responses in there. To filter them out in Google Sheets. We would drag your and school down under filters. Then I'm going to click to see what those are. And I am just going to deselect no response. And so now we have a pivot table that looks very much like our Excel file. We have a table. I'm going to pop back over to our Excel file. And so here you go. Let's do one more pivot table so you can kind of get the gist of things. We can, you could create a whole new sheet. And create a whole new pivot table if you wanted to keep this one intact. Or you could just overwrite it, which is what we're going to do here. I am going to. Deselect. That year in school that was we'd used for all of the other things. This time. Remember, we're going to look at the library satisfaction rating. That was a scale of one to 10. Based on admission status and college. So let's see. Let's go ahead first with admission status. Let's put admission status in the rows. Let's just have some fun and put college over here in columns. So now you can see what we're working with. We have. We have our, our year. Our admission status and then colleges going across the top. This time we're not necessarily counting the people who fits these categories, but the average responses to average satisfaction rating. So let's look for that up here in our pivot table field. I see library satisfaction. We're going to pull that down under values. We are actually seeing the counts here of how many people fit each category, which is helpful to scan. You can see some of these categories had very few, few people. While others had a lot. We're not really interested in the counts here. This time we're looking more for the average or the mean. So we're going to under here in values, we're going to just click the downward arrow. We're going to say value field settings. And then we're going to select the average. And then let's go ahead and take care of the number format while we're here. I'm going to click number format. And maybe I want my averages to have one decimal point. And I'm going to say, okay, and okay. And so now you can see the average library satisfaction rating for all of these different combinations of students. And once again, we have blank. I don't really want to look at the blanks. I'm going to filter them out. I'm going to just, I'm clicking on that and saying filter hide. Let's see what else we have here. We got these no responses. I'm not very interested in those either. Let's go ahead. I'm just left clicking then right clicking filter hide. Let's see. I'm going to smash some of this together so we can see it all on one screen. All right. So one fun thing to do, if you just kind of wanted to see where the high scores are or the low scores. This not isn't necessarily a pivot table function, but it works. It's you can highlight all of the values here. Then you can go to we're under home. Conditional formatting. We can give them all color scales. So I'm just hovering over color scales and I'm going to select this first option, the green, white color scale. So this shows us where the darker colors are or where they're higher values, where the lighter or white colors are lower values. So we can see that in general, transfer students in the college of engineering are less satisfied with the library than some of the other categories. So that's just a fun way to take a quick glance and look for trends. Now let's go back and do that all again in Google Sheets. It'll only take us a moment or two if I can find my way back to where we need to be. Not there. Oh, here we go. This time rather than overwriting our pivot table, maybe we just want to insert a whole new one. So I'm going to go into the upper left corner of our survey data, insert pivot table. So now we have another pivot table. We could actually call this library satisfaction pivot if you think you're going to want to return to it again. So just like we did before, let's take year in school down to Rose and college over the columns. And let's do, we're looking for library satisfaction. Let's pull library satisfaction down to values. And then we're going to want to filter out like the no responses and things like that. So we're going to pull down those same fields year in school. Or actually we did admit status last time, didn't we? Sorry, I'm just going to get rid of all of that. We're going to start over. We've got admit status, college under columns, library satisfaction under values. And then I'm going to put admit status down here as a filtering option and college as a filtering option. So right now we're just looking at counts of things just like before. But under values, let's change this to average. Just clicking on that downward carrot by some and selecting average instead. And the formatting of that is kind of wild and crazy. So I am just going to use this decreased decimal points. Well, maybe I'm not going to do that. I'm just going to hover over everything and go to format number. And just select number here. Now if I wanted to decrease the decimal point, we could do that using that shortcut. So that all looks pretty good except we do have some information maybe that we're less than interested in. Maybe it's mostly these blanks. We don't want to have that cluttering up our information. Blanks under admit status. So under filters, I'm going to go to admit status. And I'm going to deselect blanks. And then let's get rid of the no responses under college to under filters. I'm going to just look for no response. And say okay. So now you can see our results should mirror that which we just did in Excel. And it does. I'm going to stop there with the with the demonstrations. So while Excel and Google Sheets will allow you to conduct inferential statistics, things like those t tests and analysis or novice and regression analysis. I really recommend one of the more robust statistical tools like SPSS, SAS or R. They will allow you to be more confident in your results and to conduct some other tests to check for strength of findings, things like effect sizes. And to conduct post hoc or after the fact analysis to dig a little deeper and understand your findings better. So Excel is really good. And I usually use Excel when I'm getting started. And then if I'm doing something more in depth, then I will then move into a stat package. So I use both. So Excel is really good for cleaning and data management and preprocessing and doing some of those basic descriptive stats. Your step packages can also do those things for you too. But Excel is really great for that cleaning, data management and preprocessing. So I've just highlighted a few of the most common statistical packages that I hear folks talk about. These are ones that I have personal experience with. And if you plan to let's see, I've lost my train of thought here. So among the more common are these three tools here. These ones, your universities or colleges may typically have site licenses for. If you have to purchase SPSS and SAS on your own, the license can be pretty expensive. But like I said, universities usually have at least one of these options because students need to learn it as well. And the researchers need to use them. R is an open source tool. So you don't need a license for that. Overall, a lot of people will say the SPSS is the easiest to use. Sometimes though, SPSS can take a bit of time processing large data sets. It can do it. But sometimes, you know, it has to do it. People tend to like SAS or SAS for the stability and reliability, and that it handles large data sets well. Both SPSS and SAS have pretty user friendly interfaces. R is very robust. And like I said, it's open source. So that means you don't have to worry about buying a license. Though there is kind of a steep learning curve. When you're just getting started, it requires a little bit of programming. But it has a very robust and large range of functionalities. Of course, there are many other different stat products as well. Things like Python, Stata and MATLAB. And I will let you know that people tend to have their favorite program and they stand by it for a long time. I tend to gravitate towards SPSS. And that's mostly because I'm familiar with it, the layout. And I've been using it for decades. Others will stand their ground for their favorite program and consistently sing the praises of their own tools that they they prefer. Any one of these tools can do most anything that you want to do. Any one of these tools can do most anything that you're probably going to want to be doing related to library work, a library researcher assessment. So let's recap a little bit. In this presentation, we talked about descriptive and inferential statistics. Excel and Google Sheets are really powerful and easy to use for computing those descriptive statistics that describe your data set. We worked through some basic computations in Excel with some student grades just to warm you up or serve as a refresher. And then we took a large data set and created pivot tables that allowed us to quickly summarize and do some basic analyses. And finally, I recommend building fluency in both Excel or Google Sheets. And if you plan to dip your toes into inferential stats, making predictions, testing hypotheses, then I also recommend trying out one of those robust, more robust statistical packages like we talked about on the previous slide. That completes this presentation, analyzing quantitative data. I hope you found the content helpful. And I encourage you to complete this brief survey. Thank you.