Sergeant Preston of the Yukon! Again, hon you, Husky! Woo-hoo! Woo-hoo! Woo-hoo! Gold, gold discovered in the Yukon, back to the days of the Gold Rush, and the adventures of Sergeant Preston and his wonder dog, Yukon King, as they meet the challenge of the Yukon in their relentless pursuit of lawbreakers. The Quaker Oats Covery, makers of Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice, the delicious cereal shot from guns, and the mutual broadcasting system present by special recording, Sergeant Preston of the Yukon! Our adventure will begin in just a moment. Safe drivers seldom have emergencies, but they can happen. And how you handle yourself and your car during an emergency will be a matter of life and death. For example, what should you do if your car catches on fire? The National Safety Council says the first thing to do is turn off the ignition. Next, get everybody out of the car.   Water, sand, dirt, or a blanket. Be sure the fire is out before you start the engine again. Better yet, don't let a fire start. Be careful with your cigarette. Avoid excessive use of the brakes going downhill. And have the electric and fueling systems checked regularly. Fires are costly and dangerous. This message is brought to you as a public service. Benedict Yates has been a gambler and a crooked one until his various tricks with cards made him unwelcome in the Yukon settlement. While he made plans for a bigger store, he had taken over a deserted cabin several miles north of the town of Pine Crossing. Shiloh Simmons had gone with him. In his youth, Shiloh had been a tall, powerfully built man, but crippling rheumatism in old age had left him stooped shoulder and feeble. Shiloh knew Yates' plans, and he didn't approve of them. He frowned darkly as he watched the gambler staring through the window. Shiloh's coming back, and he has a girl with him. Then you can't go through with it. Good thing we spotted Salinas on the way to town. I never figured you'd go this far. You have a mighty, squeaky conscience all of a sudden for the man who's driving the monty. The law doesn't want me for any crime. Well, in that case, you have no reason to be ashamed to face this. How long are you going to pull that up to me? I just remember it. I took you in when you were broke. I offered you a job at a place to stay with. You said you needed a man who knew about gold, my man. When I took the job, I didn't know you planned to steal a mind. You let me worry about getting a mind. Yes, yes, boss. Come in, Salinas. Make yourself at home. Mr. Yates, your friend is crossing. He said you wanted to talk to me about my father's mind. That's right, Miss Sally. Oh, eh, this is Salo Timon. It's Salo. It's Salinas. I know, Sally. Mr. Yates, I'm in a hurry to reach town, so please be brief. All right, well, in that package he's holding. Give the package to Clarkson. You heard me. Hand it over. That's, that's it. See what's in it, Clarkson. It exists to be centralized and pressed. He's a friend of mine. Look at this, boss. But it is a gold belt box. So that's what you were sending the place to, man. Oh, eh, Salo. This is anything to party with. What? You might as well have a man next to you now, Miss Sally. What did you find? Just this. It's a list of things to buy in town. Okay, good. What's the idea of treating me like a prisoner? Sally, I told your father I wanted to buy a gold mine. Yes, but your price. That's right. My price. God has a buy-over who's willing to pay what the mine is worth. That's what I heard. I figured that better increase my offer. Now I'm offering the same amount of cash and your release. You wouldn't go out? Hold it. Oh, Salo, hand me that hunk of rope, will you? Don't get away with holding me here. Here's the rope. And I'll just tie you so you don't make trouble, Sally.  And hold it. What about this bottle for Sergeant Preston? Give it to Salo. It reminds him of the way he double-crossed. Thanks, I'll take that buckle. There you go, sir, Sergeant. I'll get into my party and then we'll go call Abnors. And it's Salo. Well, get me. If anything happens, so this girl gets away while I'm gone.  You know what I mean and you know I mean it. Yes, I know you mean it. No matter what my father does, you'll kill me and you'll know it, then, yes. You wouldn't dare let me leave. We'll talk about that after I see your dad. Come on. Now there's no use cutting your wrists by pulling against those ropes. Don't hurt yourself. Poor dad. He was going to sell out, then we were going back to the states. That was why he made that buckle for Sergeant Preston. It's sort of a farewell present. Well, your dad will sell out all right. He'll have to sell to you. The robber. If Ben has a plan, not even Sergeant Preston could prove it, dear legal. You know Sergeant Preston? I know him. I expect you wonder what Ben meant when he said I double-crossed Preston. Probably double-crossed a lot of people. Don't blame me for thinking that. I didn't mean to double-cross Preston. You see, he states me. I used to be a first-rate mining engineer. But I had a run of bad luck. The mine I was working gave out. While I was looking for another job, I got sick, pneumonia. My cash went for doctors and medicine in place to stay. But at the time I was well, I was broke. Then I found out nobody wanted to hire an old stolen pretty like me. That was mighty discreet. I wanted to get out of this country. Then I got a letter from a friend in the state offering me a job. Oh, I didn't you take it? I didn't have the fare, Miss Sally. That's what I met Preston. He told me the cash to go back home. I promised to pay it back just as soon as I got to the state. What hat? Somebody stole my cash. The money Sergeant Preston had given you? Yep. I didn't want to tell Preston. He just figured I was just trying to get more money from him. What did you do? Less than an hour after I'd been robbed. Yates came to me. He was the man who knew something about gold mining. I didn't know he planned to steal a gold mine. I didn't know he wouldn't pay me till he got the mine. I needed a job. I took it. But you didn't have to save it. No, I didn't have to. I couldn't starve. I had no cash. How far do you think his cripples never like me could travel before freezing to death? I'm sorry, Charles. Bill knows I owe Preston that money. He knows Preston probably thinks I'm a deadbeat. He never lets me forget it. Well, I might be a deadbeat. But by golly, I've never been a crook. Charles, oh, I guess I was wrong about you. I thought you were as bad as Ben Yates and that man he calls cross. Me, the one of them, and he's good. We both ought to be in jail. I'm sure I could chance to put him there. Maybe they will be, Charles. This time, they've gone too far. You're right, Miss Sally. Only trouble is how's the law gonna catch up with him. Once your father signs over the mine, you'll have a hard time proving he was forced to sell. Well, unless... Unless what? Never mind, Charles. I have no right to ask you to endanger your own life for me. What do you mean, Miss Sally? If I let you go, those two crooks will be arrested and I'll be in the clear. I should have thought of that. There's a knife in the drawer back here. What are you going to do? With you three, Ben will be able to force your dad to sell. What's more, you'll be able to tell the law about Ben holding you here. Your testimony might be enough to put both Yates and Charles in jail. Yeah, this knife will cut those ropes. You mean you're going to let me go? Yeah, you're getting out of here. Now, hold still, Miss Sally. Well, I'll cut these ropes. But, Charles, then Yates can cross in our arms. That's where you'll fix that. Yates was in such an almighty hurry to get out of here. He forgot his rifle. You take it. Maybe you can get the drop on them two skunks. But what about you? I'm coming to birds with one stone. You're a good friend of Sergeant Preston's. By turning you loose, I'm doing him a good turn. Sort of pay off that debt. I owe him. On top of that, maybe Yates and Charles will both go to jail. You're free now. So, darling, thanks, Charles. Love your risk to restore the circulation. But what if they come back here and find me gone?  I'm counting on you to see that they don't get back. If you get the drop on them, your dad can tie them up and keep until the law gets hold of them. You'll have to travel fast, Miss Sally, so you better be going. We'll continue our adventure in just a moment. Listen, all you fellas' girls' mothers, dads, everybody. There's something special for each one of you inside your package of Quaker Oats or Mother's Oats right now. It's a folder that offers you nationally known merchandise at savings up to 40% or more. Just use the little blue stars from Quaker's cereal packages. They count like money toward such items for you fellas and girls as a Wilson Fieldersmith, a complete camera outfit, beautiful Love Me Baby doll, roller skate, tricycles. One of the items for you dads is a Remington deluxe shaver, regular $29.50 value with 10 blue stars, only $18.83, a saving of over $10. And you ladies can save $40 on a 17-jewel Benris watch. Just by Quaker Oats or Mother's Oats, either Quaker Oats-fashioned round or square package. The folder inside gives you full details. Hurry, save up to 40% or more on valuable and useful merchandise. Get Quaker Oats or Mother's Oats today. Now to continue. Sally Norris started Norris toward her father's cabin. She traveled rapidly for a time. Then unconsciously, she began to slow down. The wind's dying down. Maybe it'll be easier walking now. Sally didn't know it, but the ominous quiet was the calm before the storm. Suddenly, a roaring blizzard struck with stunning force. The blizzard? I'll have to go faster. The wind drove particles of ice and snow like sing needles to strike whatever lay in its path. Sally had her back to the blizzard. It was even worse for two men, a slanted dog team and the wonder dog Yukon King, traveling in the opposite direction. The mighty king was racing a trail in the very heart of the fierce storm. For Sergeant Prexton, the man though Johnson was traveling with the mountains. Let's stop here, Johnson. I can hardly see a thing, Sergeant Prexton. Where are we? There's a cave just ahead. I'll wait there till the storm lifts up. Inside the cave, Prexton unharnessed his dogs, broke out provisions and fed the teams. Then the mountain and his companion prepared to wait out the blizzard. I never expected to find the shelter tonight, Sergeant. I wanted to cover as much ground as possible, but there's no use pushing on against the storm like this. Well, if Doggone's lucky you knew about this cave. I don't see how anyone could survive this blizzard. Sergeant, what's that? A wolf, but don't worry about it, Johnson. They won't bother us while King's around. Whoa! That's it, fella. You settle down between us. Sallie Norris had found no shelter from the storm. Johnson, as well as the blizzard, are overtaken at him. So... so hard to... Oh! A wolf? It sounds like a whole pack of them. Ripping her rifle, the panic-stricken girl tried to run, but the effort of fighting the blizzard had exhausted her strength. She stumbled and fell. Terrified and confused, Sallie lost all sense of direction. She began traveling in circles, while a hungry wolf had closed the park here. In the snug cave where Sergeant Preston and the man named Johnson waited for the blizzard to subside, the great dog King raised his head. King heard the howls of the wolf pack. He listened. Then suddenly, the great dog understood the shrill cries. King tensed. Then sounded an alarm. Oh! What is it, King? What's the matter, Sallie? It's easy, King. Is something wrong? King thinks so. He heard something outside. I'll look and see. Still snowing? Oh, the snow stopped. I heard the howls but nothing else. Oh, boy. I want to listen. For an instant, King stopped breathing. He knew from the shrill pitch of the pack's cry that the wolves were out for blood. Oh, oh! That's impressed me, your dog! Oh, oh! I think it's going to make it. Oh! Speaking past the sled and sleeping dog team, King laced through the snow toward the proudly lurking creatures he knew as enemies. He saw the gleaming eyes of the wolves as they were about to close in on a dark form and lay on the ground at the face of a steep cliff. Oh, oh! King bought the challenges. He placed himself between the wolves and the still form in the snow. Oh! Their leader reached at the door. Oh, oh! Oh, oh! Oh, oh! Oh, oh! In deference to their leader, the pack stood back as the battle began. King saw hatred in the flashing eyes and the threat of death and cruel fangs that tried to grip a vital spot when he did heavy fur. Mighty husky dogs and lice used every tricky new. King leaped at the leader and cast out with his powerful teeth. Oh, oh! And then fun clipped him to attack again. He fought desperately, knowing that the pack might close in at any moment.  He's fighting a wolf pack. Can't tell the dogs from the wolf. Hey, this way, boy. Get going, King. Oh! It's far bristling. King moved back a pace. Still protecting the still form. Mind him. King's broken away. I don't have it, Johnson. Well, such an infestation why in the world would King want a candle with a wolf pack? Yes, King, I understand, boy. There's the answer, Johnson. Great. Got someone lying in the snow. King watched as his master lifted the pocket-clad form lying face down in the snow. Right. This is Sally Norris. Is she alive? She's breathing, not wounded. Must have been caught in a storm. And traveling on foot, too. Yes. I'll carry her to the cave. Johnson, bring a rifle. All right. King, if this girl lives, she'll owe her life to you. You can both swallow a little warm broth. Sally, try to swallow. She's coming, too. Sally. What did she say? She's lost consciousness again. She mentioned her name. Yes, she mentioned Ben Yates. Who's he? Gambling. Been run out of several times. Curious if this girl should mention his name. Thanks to me. I'll take you home. See if you can get her to drink some of this while I harness the dogs. We'll continue our adventure in just a moment. Have you been wishing you could actually see Sergeant Preston in action, see him riding his big black horse Rex, capturing lawbreakers with the help of his courageous dog Yukon King? And when winter comes, would you like to actually see the terrifying avalanches and snow slides in the coldest country in the north? Actually see a pack of huskies pulling a dog sled over endless snowdrifts? Now listen to this. Sergeant Preston of the Yukon goes on television next week. These exciting news stories of courage, bravery, romance, mystery will fascinate men, women, boys, and girls. And will be brought to you on a coast to coast TV network starting next Thursday, September 29th, by all the Quaker serials. Quaker Puff, Wheat and Rice, Quaker Oats and Mother's Oats, Muffet Shredded Wheat, and Quaker Pacco 10. Now did you get that date? Write it down. It's next Thursday evening, September 29th, the premiere of Sergeant Preston of the Yukon on television. It's something new and different in television for the whole family. Check your newspaper for the time and the station nearest you. To continue. The blizzard that had forced Sergeant Preston to seek shelter had also stopped Jed Norris. The old man has faded his mind until a storm subsided. As he made his way toward his cabin, breaking a trail through the newly fallen snow, Jed didn't know that many eighths and speed crossing were waiting for him in his home. No more wood on the fire with his fish. Oh, boss. Boss, you think it was safe to leave the girl with Shadow? We're maddened. You think so much of Preston. He might get soft-hearted and let her go. He knows what'll happen to him if he does. The old Shadow would be downright mad. He knew we were the ones who hit him over the head and stole a cat from him. As long as he doesn't know, he'll do what I tell him. He gets hard to handle, I'll get rid of him. So he can run to the motties and talk? I'll take care of that. A lot of accidents can happen to a man in this country. Well, here comes Norris in about time. Sally! Sally, where are you? I'm here, Jed. Hey, what are you doing here? We've been waiting for you. You ain't no, my friend, speed classes.  The worst is over now. Get going. Sally! No use calling Sally, Jed. She's not here. Where is she? Take a look at this. That's Sally's rifle. She had the rifle and this list of things were there when the speed did met her on the trail. You recognize this handwriting, Jed? How'd you get this paper? Where's my daughter? She's all right. She hasn't been hurt. Not yet, anyway. You've made her a prisoner. All right. Now we'll talk business. Jed, you wanted to sell out so you and Sally could get back to the stage. I told you I'd buy the bag. And I told you I wouldn't sell at your price. I offered you $5,000 cash. Now I offer the same amount plus Sally's life. What? This mine is worth $75,000. I'll pay five. We'll drop the bill of sale and you pack your gear and clear out. You'll meet Sally on the way to Dawson. Just keep traveling till you meet the states. Dirty yellowback, Ken Horne. The papers are right here. Speed was Sally's name as witness. You decide here. You weasel-faced crook. You should've been run out of this country. Never mind the comments. Do you sell it, don't you? How do I know you'll keep your part of the bargain? How do I know Sally's not dead right now? You can take my word for it. He's alive. Now sign the bill of sale, Jed. And Steve will go back to... Where? To where Sally's ridding. You'll turn her loose, put her on a sled and she'll meet you on the train to Dawson.  If we tell the law... That's all I want is a gold mine. Sign the bill of sale so everything's legal then give me your word you'll clear out without going to the law. And I'll keep my part of the bargain. I don't want to kill Sally, but if you don't sign, I'll have to.  If you bring Sally here, let me see that she's alive. Sally, Jed, you had the proposition. I have to think it over. I want to close the deal now, my way, Norris. Are you going to sign? All right, I'll sign. Sign? Hand me the pen. I'll get it. You're showing good sense, Jed. Here's the pen. Not yet. Just sign your name on this line. All right. That's it, Jed. You lied about Sally being alive. You lied. Now Steve, you sign. Come on, come on. Hey, wait a minute. Get something out of here. How about it? I'll give you the bill of sale. You don't have to snag it. If she's Sally again, get rid of Preston. We'll go into the next room, but we'll listen to every word. Come on, Sergeant. Be careful, Jed. Remember, we'll be listening. How will I get rid of him? Hello, Ben. Oh, hello, Sergeant Preston. Mind if I come in? Well, I'm mighty busy right now. Hey! In spite of Jed's unwillingness to let his friends and her, Preston and King stepped into the cabin. Instantly, the great dog King caught the scent of Jed Norris' fear. He knew too that two men were in the next room, and that they were enemies. Quiet, King. I understand, boy. Anyone here, then? Well, no. Nobody's here. Where's Sally? She's not here. She went to town this morning and decided to stay there for the night. As if planning to warm his hands at the glowing fire in the house, Sergeant Preston crossed the room. King was at his master's heels. Distracted as he was, Jed saw nothing suspicious in the mouth of his casual manner. He didn't notice the grim purpose in Preston's stride. Suddenly, Preston turned sharply. He reached for the door at one side of the fireplace. Tell him King! Oh, you don't.  Preston, cut the idea of typically hitting my partner, knocking him out of the door. Don't wait for your gun. No, I do. I need a gun. You've made a mistake. There's no mistake. Jed, this time this man... No. You're covered, Sergeant. Drop your gun. No, Jed. But you put your gun away before King jumps up. Jed, you know what to take? Keep him covered. I'm sorry, Sergeant. But you have no reason to come in here. I have reason to arrest these men. Speed Clawson's been wanted for a long time. And it's for Yateson. No, no, no. Daddy King, watch them, boy. Lower your gun, Jed. You don't understand. I can't. As he can. Jed, if you're thinking of Sally, she's safe. What? She told me Yateson Clawson were here. Listen, you're crazy. She's on my sled. The man who came here to buy your mind will be along with Sally any minute. Hey, he's lying. It's a trick. Hear those dogs outside? You're finished, Yateson. Dad, dad. Sally, you're safe. Dad, did Yateson hurt you? No, no, honey. He didn't hurt me, but he had me mighty scared. Had you get free? Silo cut the rope. He let me go.  He didn't double cross you. He never was one of your kind. I'll deal with him. Then you and your father will be out of circulation too long to deal with anyone. Sally, you say a man named Silo let you go? Yes, that's right, Dad.  I've never heard of it. Sergeant Preston, no, Jim. Well, yes, I remember Silo. I thought he'd gone back to the States. He couldn't, Sergeant Preston. Someone stole the money you loaned him. He threw in with Ben Yates only so he could earn enough to stay alive. Sounds like the poor critters had hard luck. But we'll change that, Sally. We'll see to Silo's reward. Then there's a reward for the capture of Speed Clawson. I'll see that Silo gets it. Should be enough to take him back to the States if he wants to go. Oh, he does, Sergeant. He can go home with Dad and me. We'll go home together. Well, Sergeant Preston, I see you've got your men. Yes, Sergeant. Come in and close your deal with Norris. But Sally's face and these two cooks under arrest, this case is closed. Sergeant Preston will return in just a moment with a word about our next exciting adventure. Here's a mutual note for you. Mutual is a network that has programs you can enjoy throughout the week. If you like question and answer fun, then you'll find there are all sorts of quiz programs you can listen to on Mutual. You can try and I'll guess the contestants and see if you know the right answer before they do. Even if you don't know, it loads of fun listening to others. And you can learn a lot at the same time, too. And some of you boys and girls probably have favorite songs and favorite singers that you like to listen to. When you tune into Mutual, you'll hear many of the stars you like best. Singing and playing the kind of music you enjoy most. Don't forget, too, there are programs of outdoor adventure and others of barn dance music and jamboree. There's plenty of good listening waiting for you on your Mutual dial. Tune in every weekday afternoon for Mutual's famous programs, especially designed for adventure lovers. And remember to listen other times as well for different kinds of programs you like over most of these stations. Summer had come to the Yukon. Two crooks held up the Selkirk bank and thought they'd covered every angle of their escape. But Sergeant Preston and Yukon King managed to pick up their trails, which finally led to a fishing trawler on the river. Preston, the constable, and King tried to swim out and get aboard the moving vessel. We must get aboard, it isn't impossible. They see us first, we're finished. Oh, don't do that, let's go again. Come on. The crooks aboard are armed and desperate. Damn Sergeant Preston, the constable and King get aboard before the crooks spot them and take their lives as they struggle in the war. Be sure to hear this next exciting adventure. These Sergeant Preston of the Yukon Adventures are brought to you every Monday through Friday at this time by the Quaker Roads Company. Makers of Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice, the delicious cereal shot from gun by special recording in cooperation with the Mutual Broadcasting System. They are a copyrighted feature of Sergeant Preston of the Yukon Incorporated, created by George W. Trenble, produced by Trenble Campbell Muir Incorporated and directed by Fred Flower Day. The part of Sergeant Preston is played by Paul Sutton. This is J. Michael wishing you goodbye, good luck, and good health from Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice. So long. This is Mutual, radio network for all America.


I'm going to come, then, to our second speaker, who is, of course, Sheikh Tidean Gadiou, who is a former Foreign Minister of Senegal, who is currently the President of the Institute of Pan-African Studies, and who, as I said earlier, has a great amount of experience in conflict mediation and resolution. Sheikh. Thank you very much. I would like to greet our friend Thierry and wish him and wish him a happy 10th anniversary. I would like to tell him that the people of Biennial do not have the right to retreat. So we are still here for several decades to continue the work. Africa, for me, is a continent that is relatively poorly treated from the point of view of manicheism, with which Africa is aborted. For some, everything goes wrong, for others, everything goes well or everything starts to go well. I think it is necessary to try to kill the cursor in the middle. There are things that go well, that go much better, but there are things that go even worse, even very, very badly. This morning, I was listening to Radio France International, it was not a part of my contribution, and I hear three extremely interesting new successes. The first, we are informed that the soldiers of Barhal in Mali, in the North Mali, were cut down, very generous, 15 million French people, about $30,000, to dig a well into villages. And they say that these villages are 20 to 25 km away to look for water. And that children cannot be educated, can't go to school, because you have to do at least 5 to 6 km to have access to water, which means that these children can't go to school. And we were reminded that one-third of the North Mali has no access to water. I said, here is a concrete question of the development of Africa. We must pose a serious question, after 60 years of independence, should we be there, or one-third of the population of the North Mali, which is two-thirds of the Mali, one-third of the North Mali population, has no access to water? And it seems very concrete to me. Second information, we are told that with a chassat, we collect 9,000 tonnes of waste per day. And that it's the European Union that gives 9 million dollars a year to finance the property of a chassat. It gives me problems in the country called the RDC, potentially the richest country in the world, whether it's the European Union, who takes care of the drainage of the waste in a chassat. So it seems very open that comes to a number of reasons. And now, after 66 years of independence, it seems very open that's now thinking about the production of this sector. Who do you see? Is that we're talking about the project in which we're talking about a project which is committed now by the partner sector is a bigger user, which I think has been sent to Africa. Africa that comes to Africa's support on the inside rather than what we heard as a discussion. All this to make me say that I think that to respect the African continent, it's to tell him the truth if we are exterior and it's to tell him the truth if we are African. It seems to me that it's not going to work on many aspects. Yesterday, the FD's boss said that it's interesting that Africa has 2,500 billion dollars of GDP. 2,500 billion. I was sitting in the room, I was a little surprised. I understand that it's observed constant progress and that it doesn't reduce, but at the same time, I compared Africa with South Korea, which in 1960, made 3 billion dollars of GDP. Today, it's 1,500 billion dollars of GDP. That is, the total of 25 countries in Africa in some countries had a GDP higher than South Korea in 1960. Nigeria had 4.2 billion of GDP in 1960. South Korea had 3.6 billion. So I think it's not acceptable that a country like South Korea goes almost on the same basis, maybe even with less resources than the African countries. And that after 60 years, we are told that Africa has totaled 25, 2,500 billion and that South Korea alone has 1,500 billion. It's very good that Morocco joins the CDAO and brings 100 billion of its GDP to the level of the CDAO. But I hope that Morocco's arrival will also support the global function of the CDAO and that we see as well what Morocco brings, experiences and others, and what the CDAO can offer and the internal reflection that the CDAO must bring. A CDAO, a regional community, united, politically united. Because that's where the Babel is. We do everything to avoid political unity. We are thrown into the history of economic integration. For 40 or 45 years, we have been doing economic integration. The result is 12% to 14% of inter-CDAO exchange, where Asia is almost at 60%. Europe, we don't talk about it, we are beyond 66%. It's not going to work. We need to change the paradigm. We need to change the paradigm. The paradigm needs to be changed. I'm asking the question. There's no need for you to do things all alone. And someone who assisted in the Louia summit in 1963, and we can't assume it to be an extremist. It's a cultured man, a very moderate man, who's called Bashir Ben-Yahmeh of Africa. He said about two weeks ago something absolutely extraordinary and confirms that those who defend the unity and integration of Africa are absolutely right. Bashir says, and I'm going to take one of these, if you're African or if you're not, you're interested in the place of Africa in the world. You can think that this continent shouldn't be, excuse me, this is a big one, but it's a smaller one. So this now I have to put my glasses on. I was pretending I had no eyesight. OK. So you can think that this continent shouldn't be transcribed into 54 states that are independent and that are not viable. Africa could have become a federal state if it became a federal state. The number of languages and the number of languages and ethnic groups would have been called the United States of Africa. We would have regrouped into an autonomous state, the independent state, independent states, independent states. It would have then built the third state of the world by the population after China and India, which would pass in the next two decades, and its economy would have been the fourth after China, the United States, and the United States. This state would have produced 75% of the platinum, 55% of the diamond, and 20% of the gold extracted in the world. No other country would have equaled the United States for the wealth of its subsurface. And it would have concluded that this is a dream, a dream, etc. So I want to continue this dream. I continue to think that we have to continue. It's not a dream. It's an objective, because it's a question of survival that is posed to Africa with a security challenge. Terrorism is moving towards Africa to make our continent the epicenter of world terrorism, with Al-Shabaab, with Boko Haram, with Al-Qaeda, and Boko Haram in 2014-2015 has made more victims of the civilian population of Daesh. But as Daesh interests the West and some countries for different reasons, very close to oil and other, Boko Haram has not been very interested, but Boko Haram has done much more than that. And Africa is threatened. The whole area of the Sahel is a permanent dustbin. And beyond these questions, we are not the means of an adequate response. You have seen all the debates of the G5 Sahel on how to put in place African special forces to defend the continent. We are looking for ways to fight and the partners, we are very, very much on this question. But we are not going back to this. And I'm just trying to conclude. That's what we're going to propose. We need to go to G5 plus 5. Because in the first place, we have found a normal country like Senegal, who can bring a lot to G5, but has not been invited. But we're going to pass this debate, and we're going to do it today. The current G5, plus Senegal, plus Morocco, who has an extraordinary experience in terms of intelligence and other things, plus Algeria, which is the only country in the world for the moment to have won the domestic terrorism in the 90s, and which has a great experience, plus Nigeria, which is all over the North and Sahel, with the Boko Haram problem, plus Cameroon, which is a regional power. It's 5 plus 5. We are simply financed by the G5 Sahel without the need to ask them everywhere. Africa manages conflicts quite extraordinarily, and we need to find innovative solutions. We need to find innovative solutions. Eritrea is a problem. We ask ourselves thousands of questions about what is going on in Eritrea. Somalia is a problem. The RDC, since 1960, has not had a repute. The Burundi today, the RCA today. You take all these countries, you realize that Africa has to remove the security crisis, which is under the form of terrorism, criminal security, human trafficking, human trafficking, weapon trafficking, migration, which is the greatest tragedy experienced by Africans. When we talk about migration, we think about Europe. The greatest tragedy experienced by Africans is today, having this massive hemorrhage of our youth, which is our main asset, which we will lose in the seas and in the desert.  So Africans and their friends, it's time to change the paradigms and to reflect again on how to see how they can face the problems. Thank you. Thank you.


The Modular Tactical Vest has saved countless Marines from serious injury in the global war on terror.  That's why the Marine Corps is moving to the improved Modular Tactical Vest. When they're wearing this vest all day, that is more on their shoulders, giving that relief on their shoulders. While disperses way better than the current vest, the IMTV can still hamper Marines maneuverability. This is where the lighter plate carrier, or PC, comes in. When you're walking around patrolling, you're wearing a PC, so that cuts off weight right there. It cuts off almost six, seven pounds. That weight difference allows Marines greater maneuverability in a firefight, and decreases the chances of overheating in hot climates like Afghanistan. Ultimately though, the small arms protective inserts inside a Marine's vest are the only items that stand between them and serious injury. We get feedback all the time. We get emails and pictures. I'm real happy to say it's usually a smiling Marine pointing at their body armor plate where they've been shot saying, thanks a lot. I'm here today to send you this picture. Marines face far more dangers than just bullets and shrapnel while deployed. Sometimes an explosion can trap a Marine inside a burning vehicle. This is the situation where flame resistant organizational gear can make all the difference. We have light uniform. We have the frog gear. I mean, it's a lot lighter than the camouflage we have right now. They give you that protection, that flame resistant protection. Very thin material, very breathable when you're wearing it in the heat of Afghanistan. While frog gear and plate carriers provide increased protection, maneuverability, and breathability, the Marine Corps will continue improving its efforts to protect its most valuable resource, the Marine. From Quantico, Virginia, I'm Corporal Nick Nagers.


So hello everyone, I think everybody is already a little bit tired from the long day, so I will not make it too long. Make it a little bit light-hearted, so some of the slides of courage were a little bit depressing. So let's cheer a little bit now. Okay, let's first do a poll because I really want to know. I'm thinking somebody was maybe not exactly honest during the EasyBuild survey. So, with that, if you think the right logo is better than the left logo, put on your right hand. If you think the left logo is better, put on your left hand. Do we have that on camera? No. Let's get on to business. So the motivation of this talk was, as I cannot already explain during this talk yesterday, we cannot keep up with the number of poll requests. So as you can see, it's going up here. We are now at about 800 poll requests that are currently open, and this is way too much. And although the number of EasyBuild maintainers has gone up a lot, we are still not keeping up. We need to do something about that, I think. And one of the things that can be done is educating the contributors and let them know how they can help us. So the poll requests can be merged faster. So we are, of course, very happy with all the extra new contributors, but that also gives much more work. And if you have any ideas how we can improve the process to make it faster, then, of course, those suggestions are very welcome. So who am I? I'm Sam. You can find me at Smors. That's my tag on GitHub and Slack. I'm also an EasyBuild maintainer. I work at the HPC facility of the VUB together with Alex. Alex is good. I'll try to talk a little bit louder. So I'm working at the HPC facility in Brussels at the VUB together with Alex and Wart. Alex and Wart are also EasyBuild maintainers, so maybe you already know them. And there on the right is a campus VUB campus, so it's a very nice place to study. So why should you contribute back? Well, probably all of you already know why you should contribute back, but let's reiterate. One of the nice things is that EasyBuild contains lots and lots of software titles and it's going up. It's kind of showed and even increasing a little bit of the last few months. And you will become part of the open science movement. So that's really nice because, I mean, everybody's talking about open science and this is the way you can contribute to that. Make science reproducible, reproducible. And of course, the community is very welcoming. You can meet many HPC experts in the field from all over the world. And you will get feedback from those experts when you make a pull request and you can make it even better. And so you can support your users even better. So reporting issues on GitHub. What are the things that you should do when you report an issue? The first thing is write a good issue title, of course. So if you already write exactly what is going wrong, that will help us a lot. So we don't have to open issue and see what's the problem. It's always a good idea to include all the relevant info. So the operating system that you use when you encounter this issue. Easy build version that you used, configuration and so on. And then it's also good to include the steps so we can reproduce the issue that you encountered and use code looks for formatting. This is something that users often forget. But it's much more readable if you use code looks. Many of you already know that, of course. And this is also something, an idea for the future. So we should probably create an issue template. So it's easier for users to include all that information when they report an issue. Contributing easy config files. There are a lot of things that you can do to make our life easier in that way. One of the things you should do is use a recent tool chain generation. If you submit a PR for a very old tool chain, you can always do that and they're welcome to do that, but we have a limit. But even then, it's always better to use the most recent one because it's more useful for the entire community. So there will be more chance that your contribution will be looked at and be merged. We have a policy and that says that there's a single dependency variant per generation. There is a white annoying rule, but it's also a very handy rule. It's annoying because sometimes you want to have multiple versions, but if you use these multiple versions, then you will might end up in the dependency hell. So that's why we have always that rule. There are some exceptions. But try to stick to that rule as much as possible. If you stick to it, then the github checks will warn you and then you will see that, okay, this is not correct. Always add the sanity check commands if possible. So if you're building software that contains an executable, then try to include the sanity check command for that executable. But that's a minimal test for software that works. Also, when you have a PR that depends on another PR, it's always good to include that at the top of the PR. So maintainers can see, okay, this one depends on the other one. So I have to look first at the other one before this one can be merged. And then if possible, try to upload a test report for this PR. If you do that, then we know, okay, this is a config for this PR. It's known to work at least in some cases. And that will help us get it merged faster. And then, of course, try to use the github integration features as much as possible. This is something for you that will help you. And then it will also be easier and more fun to contribute, right? Also, if you want to make a PR for something that is not quite ready yet, you can also do that. But then, and then you can already test it, see if it passes the checks. And then you can convert your PR to a draft PR. So on github, I can... So for example, this PR from Nikhet, it's already a draft one. But I can look at another one. Here at the right, you can say, okay, convert to draft. And then we know, okay, you don't have to look at this one because it's not ready yet. So it's easier for us. How do maintainers review the tests? Well, one of the things we do is with EB review PR, compare it with other easy configs with other versions. And with that tool, it's very easy for us to spot differences between versions. Also, we make test reports with the command to be shown there. And then also we use the bots. So there are currently two bots. And that we can launch for running test reports. These are available for maintainers, but also can be available for contributors, for regular contributors. If you know, okay, this one is a trusted contributor. And if you ask that, then we can also give you access to that one. So that's the biggest blocker for PR to be merged is that it's not yet fully tested. Usually we require that it's at least tested with the two bots that are available. Okay, let's try a little demo. I'm counting here on some of the reviewers, some of the maintainers that are in the room. So, no, it doesn't matter. So the question was to take PyTorch 2.0, but that's going to take a little bit too long. So what do we have here? Can I have silence in the room, please? So this is an example that builds the usable tutorial. You can build it if you want. And it's just a small example. So we're not going to include it into easy builds, but just to show how is the workflow. So this one looks very nice. It seems to have everything that we need. But I'm going to break it a little bit. I will delete the checks and see what happens. Okay, this is annoying. I'm going to move it to the mouse. So one of the things we can do is check if it's ready to grow. And that's with the EB check contribut.  So it shows me that it passes the first test and that is the tab 8 test. So it does some style checking. And then the first, the second test is failed. So because there is no check. How can we inject the checks on? It's also easy to be helpful. And now it has created a backup of the original file. And we can check the difference. And yes, it has inserted the checks for us. So it's all automatic. Okay, now we want to upload it to GitHub. Make it PR. And for that, we need to have GitHub integration. So you'll first check. How can I, how can I remove this? Maybe check it up. So my GitHub user is okay. I'm online. I have my GitHub token installed. I can use it commands. I have the Git Python model installed. I have push access to the repo. I can create guests. I also have a location for the working years for this. So all checks are passed. That's good. So I can now push my contribution. One issue that you may have if you have, if you are running an easy build 4.7.1, there is one bug. That will show you that the guests are not working. So, but there's a, there's already a fix in develop. So don't worry if that's not working. Okay, so. Yeah. Okay. That's not going to work. If I don't specify my. Okay. So now we should be able to see the request. Here it is. And we see that it's immediately running all the tests, all the checks. And if I want to have some comment for the maintainers and I could put it here. And I already got a comment from an annoying maintainer. Okay. Yes, I like it. Anyway. Let's make a change like this. So the reason why we are quite strict about the formatting is that it's easier for us to check the differences. I will show you. For instance, I can now. Yeah. This is not a good example. But if we go to the one night. Maybe I should first update update this one again. Yeah, I have a wrapper for that. That's why I don't remember it. And then the comments. Without it. Yeah, of course I cannot believe it. That's the one. Okay. So what the maintainers do to check, for example, this one. It's for our studio is to run this command. Here we are. It's this one from me. And as you can see, it compares with four different other versions of our studio. We can easily see what are the differences. So if it's if every is a conflict is formatted in the same way, then it's much easier for us. Of course, we can limit the search and say, I want to only compare with this one, for example, and I can. Then it should show me only one. But there's one difference with one other. You can run that also for yourself. And I could also run that for my easy config. I can do it also with the preview. And then it's just local. And then the example. Of course, there is no other easy config found so it cannot compare anything. That was a demo. Any questions? Of course, of course. Yeah, okay. Yeah. Okay, but you get the idea. Contributing is contributing easy blocks. For that. One thing that is important is that we maintain backward compatibility. So you can put your code into this version condition. The example code that is shown there. So it only affects the new versions and not the old ones. You can also open PRs also with the new PR option for easy blocks. And then So cannot told me this morning that actually the the PR targets repo option is not necessary to automatically detect that it's for an easy block. You can override it. Oh yeah, if you want to be sure then include to the option and then there should be no problem. And you should also try if you can upload the test report also for the easy block. And you can do that like that. So you You add the option include easy blocks from PR and then the easy block PR and then also easy complete. And then it will send the test report to the easy block PR. And then we can see it works or not. Okay. And also in the box, we can also do the same with the arcs option. So keep in mind that we don't control all the config files and for example, what was saying, we don't know what other users might be doing. They have may have other repos. And we don't want to break them. So this is how an easy block test report can look like this is for TensorFlow of course TensorFlow we want to test it very rigorously for all the previous versions as well. Make sure that all changes made to the easy block are still valid for the old versions, and then contributing to the easy build framework. This is something that Alex will talk about tomorrow in his stock. But here are just a few points that you should take care of and also maintain backwards competitive compatibility of course, but also make sure that all the changes are covered by the test suite. I know the test suite is not always easy to contribute to that. So if you need to help with that, make sure to ask, for example, in the Slack channel. We will certainly help you for at least cannot if nobody else can. So what Bart is saying that it's quite challenging to make a framework PR without getting errors by the hounds. Yeah, it's a style checker. And it's quite strict. So if you haven't noticed, I'm including some one thing that users can do to be able to be able to contribute more is by use of books. This was already mentioned several times during the meeting. But it's a really handy feature. For example, suppose that you have a pytorch version installed and it's different from the one in the easy build repo because of the single version dependency requirement. So suppose that we have pytorch 1.12.0 in the easy build repo, but you really need 1.12.1 for a specific use case in your cluster, because it contains an important bug fix or something. Then this is this can be easily handled in the hook. For example like this. And then you, you don't have to make any changes to the easy config file. And you can still contribute everything as if it was 1.12.0 but actually it's using 1.12.1. So if you want to have more examples for hooks, then please take a look at the example given by Alex from last year. And there's a link there. And there's also the link to the hooks in documentation. Yes, in the framework directory, there's also more examples. And then this is my last slide. So we're trying to make the documentation much better and we hope that many people will contribute also to the documentation. Writing documentation is very different from writing easy configs. You need different skills and if you have good writing skills, then please take up the challenge and try to help improve the documentation. And this should be a lot easier now, thanks to the migration to mkdocs. So what you can help us is finding gaps, missing info or info that is outdated. And yeah, with every, so I forgot to tell that, but when you make a change in the framework, then we are going to require that you also reflect all the changes in the documentation as well. So I'll give you small demo for this one as well. But it's very small. So, yeah, let's. So if you go to the website is build docs. There's it. So this is the website for the documentation. So it's also a GitHub repo. You just clone it here. I already did that. And then you just install all the Python packages with pip and using the requirements file. I did that in a virtual environment. So I will have to activate it. And now you're, now you're done. Now you can start rendering the documentation locally mkdocs serve shows a bunch of warnings. I don't know if they are important. Okay, so the webpage is served now. I can just open the link. And here it is. Right. And the nice thing about it is that it's like reactive. So if you make changes, it's automatically updated. So let's make a quick change to the documentation. It's not there. That will dash. Maybe if I move it here, make it a bit bigger. Yeah. Okay, that was it. If you have any questions. Or if you want to discuss. How is the time. The comment from Alexander is that in newly. I'm not sure how you're forcing people to do that.  You have to configure. Okay, so you're forcing your colleagues to actually use that. That's something we could. Let's say encourage. I wouldn't want to force it. But one thing that's, that's important to, to realize the whole reason we have to get up integration. Things like new PR and things like this is because we had contributors who were not familiar with kids at all. Right. And they actually they, they were almost throwing easy conflicts at us mailing them to us and say, I want to get this in. We wanted to enable them to still contribute back. If we're going to force people to install pre commit hooks, they will get lost again and we will lose them. I'm not sure that that's a good idea. Well, but that's, that's happening. So when, whenever you open a pull request, the CI triggers, and that's doing all those checks as well. So it's just going to give you a red X. If you're not, if you don't have the code style or the things fixed already automatically correct. That's an option. I think SPAC is doing that for something for code style issues. They are, they have their bot that basically is changing codes behind your back again to make, make sure it's patate compliance. We could do that. Yeah. Who does check config. Well, yeah, we have an option and easy build itself that that does it actually change the file. No, no, I just, it just flags it as being.  So there are tools like that that could be interesting. But that's often not the, I mean, it could save you a back and forth. What we also some do, which is not standard in GitHub is when the CI fails, our bot will pick up on it and give you a comment and says, Hey, CI failed, you should look into it. Because when CI fails, you don't get notifications in GitHub at all. You don't get an email, you don't get the message. That's why our bot starts adding comments and says, Hey, look at this. So we're basically pushing it back to the developer and hoping that they will get around and actually fix it. Yeah. Question from Slack. I agree with what was meant by upload test reports. Yeah, that's the upload test report. For issues. It's for pull request. Is it useful to submit the art with newer version. Okay, let's do the upload test report first. You didn't show that. Maybe you can show it for the eb tutorial. But you don't have the tool chain on your laptop. Well, you could try it and let it fail. Yeah, but I'm not sure it will run. It won't get very far if you don't have it. Yeah, so the upload test report is a way for us to very easily. They do from the art. 17799. Yeah, just like this. It's going to fail because it doesn't have the tools in it don't have robots, but it won't get very far. But what this is doing is this is trying to do the build locally. I can show the food. It's trying to do the build locally. And then basically pushing the result of doing that. But made the test report by the Googlebot. Yeah. Yeah, and that last comment that one was successful and mine was not successful because I don't have the change installed. That's the that's the uploading of a test report. There was another question is it useful to submit the ours with newer versions of software, but built with all the tool chain. I'll leave that one to you. Yes, it's useful as long as the tool chain is not too old. You're welcome to contribute to us, but they're less useful than the ones with the latest tool chain. The problem that the doctor is no longer. I sometimes have that problem that the software is no longer maintained properly. So it's a four years old. I try one of the latest tool chains and it is failing because it has old style crappy on my French. I'm coding in it, but the user is jumping up and down. I'm not demonstrating that now in front of me and telling me I really need it for my thesis now needed by yesterday and all of that. So, then I'm going back and say, okay, I can compile it with GCC sake of argument nine. But then the question is, is it useful to the community. And we can say, okay, I'll solve that problem. So anybody who is currently listening, don't have users jumping in front of them, maybe line managers as well. So what I'm doing then is I'm opening a pull request and lead it up to the maintainers, at least if somebody has it. The same problem. They can fall back to my pull request is that something which is useful. I think it's still useful, especially if the software is new. And then, yeah, it's a valuable contribution because it's a new software that we support from now on. And even if it's not perfect, even if it's with an older tool chain, we can still update it later and save us time. So you can have multiple versions per tool chain, but only one of those versions can be a dependency of others in the same tool chain. And maybe it for Python were quite strict because a lot of software depends on Python. So, yeah, if we would allow multiple versions of Python, then it would become really a hell. Yeah, the reason we have that policy is so whenever we add something in that we call this generation of easy conflicts, so that's using a particular tool chain. We want to make sure it's as compatible as possible with everything that's using that same tool chain. And as soon as you start using definitely Python, a different Python version or basically working off into a different world of its own, where everything needs to be using that Python version. So that's something we learned the hard way if we don't have a policy like this, it gets very messy very fast. I think for Python, we've always saw not implicitly done it with the exception that a while ago we had the Python 2 and the Python 3. So that was already a fork in the same generation, but where we really started hitting problems with boost. So when boost was used as a dependency, we have two versions of boost and two packages with two versions of boost that somehow then became a common dependency for something else. Then it got really hairy and it was very difficult to get out of and this policy allows us to avoid that problem as much as possible. And where we make exceptions is when there's really a technical reason why it doesn't work with a newer or an older version of the dependency, then we say, OK, this is an exception. And the implication is that it's not going to be compatible with other stuff in that generation. But fine, that's the best we can do. Yeah, well for build dependencies, the bottle not scream a don't have to make exceptions at all. So it's only for runtime. So we have cases where we have multiple C make versions in the same generation, but that's okay, you can never get the conflict on that and actually using the models once they're installed. There was a follow up question as well. What about software with extra options? Like if there's an extra dependency that you add, which is only needed for some use cases of the software. Well, it's actually not a problem to add an extra dependency, even if you don't need it. But if you would need something that is incompatible with other dependencies, for example, then you can also do that, but then you will have to add versions of this. So it's clear it's another version of that. Not a variant. Yeah. Okay. You see any other questions. We have any other in the room before we wrap up. Yeah. Okay. Then I want to ask for a lower level. Yeah. That's so update PR and UPR are smart when you have the robot enabled. If you do ev dash dash robot dash dash new PR, it's going to take your easy conflict file. Look what the dependencies are, which are needed for that and check which ones are in develop already and check which ones are not. And the ones that are not, it's going to include that in the protocol. So, so, so you may have the robot enabled in your default easy build configuration. But that also affects what new PR and update PR do. Okay, but that's a bug. Yeah. So if update PR is complaining about not finding an easy conflict file for a dependency. Then, yeah. In separate PRs. No, it shouldn't. And if it does, that's a bug. So if update PR is complaining about not finding easy conflicts for dependencies, it shouldn't. Now, if you do upload test report, it's different. And the CUDA installed already. So when you want to upload the test report for QDNN, then the CUDA one has to be there. Maybe, maybe it's, well, we can take a closer look if you have a specific example and see what's going on. I suspect that maybe because you have robots enabled in your easy build configuration to stop worrying or thinking about it. But that has an effect on what new PR and update PR are doing. Yeah. And that can maybe be disabled. Yeah. But will not. Yeah. Yeah. So there's a separate configuration. There's, there's the robot configuration option which tells easy build where to find easy conflicts and it enables dependency resolution. So there's two things. There's a robot parts option which only tells it where to find stuff and it will not enable the dependency resolution. So you maybe you maybe just have to switch to the other one and you should be fine. Or we can we can take a closer look at that. Yeah. Is it a comment or a question? Yeah. Yeah. So the CI test will fail if the easy conflicts for your dependencies are not found. And that's actually a good thing because it's blocking the PR from being merged until the other stuff is being merged. Yeah. So that's very deliberate as well. That's definitely not a bug. Okay. Good. Yeah. So we went over time a little bit, but not too much.


336. Forgiveness lets me know that minds are joined. Forgiveness is the means appointed for perception's ending. Knowledge is restored after perception first is changed and then gives way entirely to what remains forever past its highest reach. For sights and sounds at best can serve but to recall the memory that lies beyond them all. Forgiveness sleeps away distortions and opens the hidden altar to the truth. If lilies shine into the mind and call it to return and look within to find what it has vainly sought without. For here and only here is peace of mind restored for this the dwelling place of God himself. In quiet may forgiveness wipe away my dreams of separation and of sin. Then let me, Father, look within and find your promise of my sinlessness is kept. Your word remains unchanged within my mind. Your love is still abiding in my heart. Amen.


What's going on guys, it's your boy DPJ here today with another Destiny video, and in today's Destiny video we have top five PVP crucible multi-cures of the week. Now if you guys do enjoy the video, if you could leave a like, I would appreciate the support. Don't forget to submit anything bad that you've got to the email address linked in the top of the video description. Thanks for stopping by as always, and peace out until next time. Zone B, neutralized. Heavy ammo available. Zone B, secure. All zones held. You have total control. B, neutralized. Zone A, secure. You control all zones. Zone C, locked. Enemy captured zone C. Capture and defend guardians. We captured zone C. Zone A, secure.