for youth and career the first discussion of the day and today we are talking about nurturing the reading culture but before we get into that remember you can interrupt with us on our social handles that is at Y254 across all social media handles and the hashtag to use is Y in the morning so for this particular topic nurturing the reading culture we have David Giroux who's an author but identifies himself as MD and Giroux or but he will confirm to me on that he's an author thank you Steph okay so how do you I what's your title my my official name is David Giroux but when I'm publishing or doing any speaking engagement I go by the name MD and Giroux the artist MD Giroux the artist yeah why do you feel the need to to have a title is it for branding yeah for branding purposes and also it explains what I do because I cover stories both in written and in spoken form so that's why I identify myself as an artist as an okay all right so we want to know about the reading culture as you I some people some of us but at least I am trying with a reading prior with the you know developing a reading culture but for most people once you are done with high school or university or college depending on the level of education you have reached that's where your reading actually stops because you're not studying for an exam anymore most people just eat because there's an exam coming up what do you think about that and the reading culture in Kenya yeah so it's because of the approach that we have towards reading and when you are developing the reading culture okay I'm from Maktaba Digitari so Maktaba Digitari it's all about finding the reading culture so at Maktaba Digitari we do say that you should approach reading as working out and when it comes to working out there's this misconception that people have one misconception that people have is that we work out to manage our weight which is not the case so you find that someone if maybe they have achieved the target weight they don't work out anymore but we should work out to for a healthy lifestyle the same appraise to reading we don't read to get information because you information you can get from different sources you can watch a video you can listen to an audio book and get the information we read to exercise the mind reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body so that's why we read getting information is added bonus yeah I love that they're quite interesting reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body and we don't exercise not to to just build a body or get fit it should be something that goes on for the benefit for for good health and the same to reading we don't just read for information because this was the main reason I think I thought was behind us reading to get information because we've been told knowledge is power and everything but you've brought again the aspect of people can listen to audio books so why should I read and you've given that reading is an exercise to the mind sure how so so is it proven scientifically yeah yeah it's proven scientifically although I want to go into the scientific part of it it's proven scientifically and also there are articles out there that have scientifically proved that and like let me go back to exercise and nutrition when you take blended juice you know there's certain nutrients that arose like the fiber the fiber part like it's more healthy to eat a fruit than to drink the juice the same appraisal to reading you can't say to to listen to an audio book which is good because maybe you don't have time maybe you're driving and you need to to keep your mind engaged but that can substitute reading so reading itself there is that there's that part of reading that how do I put it there's that part of reading that is like eating a fruit yeah okay so reading is eating the actual fruit not taking the juice yeah that's the point yeah this is interesting I love how you bring out there you um what do you call it you bring in a new concept to familiarize that analogy yeah analogy the analogy is the word so what are some of the things that we benefit apart from now exercising our brain why how would you tell some how would you convince someone to to read because they need to apart from they need to exercise their brain or what's benefits comes with exercising your brain so first I would start with the why what's the why you know someone once said that when the why is strong enough the how falls into place so once you identify the why for reading the how which is how do you approach reading how do you plan for it it will fall into place so what's the why so the first why is that I've said that reading is is an exercise there's something else about reading reading is in depth for example if you watch a movie mm-hmm if there is a story version and there is if if there is a movie version of a story and a book version of the of the same the book there is more depth to it so you get more depth you get then another reason for reading is because you know something back during our our father's time people used to to run through apprenticeship but that culture it's normal so nowadays you run through mentorship and such kind of of stuff so but you find that if you want someone maybe to mentor you they're not there always for you but if you can pick books written by people who are doing what you are planning to do you get that in depth mentorship so that's another reason for for reading yeah to read and that's what really had many people say but this is on novels most of the time which will bring another question saying that this you know the imagination created when you read is different from watching a movie it misses out on some of the things that you feel or you you know the picture that you paint when you actually read so this is actually true yeah it's very true all right and let me add something that's a bit of topic I was watching a certain podcast and someone was saying that some years back if you had a song you didn't the song had to to be really good for it to sell but nowadays if but nowadays if if you have a song but nowadays if you have a if you have a song but it's not really good you can bring in weak sense who can make the song to sell the same appraise to two books if a book is not well eaten it will not sell but for a movie a movie can sell even if the story is not well executed yeah there are other aspects to the to the story that can make the movie sell but for for reading the the story has to be the story has to be well eaten so that's why reading is more captivating it engages the mind more you have to imagine okay and now this has brought me to the to the question on the content because people read diverse things so when you say you should have a good reading culture some read comic books some read novels some read you know different things educational material inspirational books so what is the right material to invest yourself in reading thank you so there's no right material so the first step starts with developing that culture then from there now you you you you chant a path you know so you read based on there's what you call intentional reading you read based on you read based on what you you are looking for for example right now I will not read in a book about how to how to become rich okay or how to become wealthy right now I'll read a book explaining the science bend it how to become wealthy the science on how to become wealthy but the science behind the sense bend it so it depends on what level you are in your reading in your reading journey also something else about reading there's something that is called the writer's broke people know about the writer's broke whereby you can't write anymore if you are another writer yeah yeah but also we have a reader's broke you know whereby you can't progress in your reading your attitude the same way with working out there's a place that reaches and you your body doesn't change regardless of how much you work out so you have to read different Jonas for you to space up your reading so you can read today comic then after three months of reading comic you can say to switch to inspirational then you switch to memos and you know yeah okay what would you attribute to the poor reading culture that is there so the poor reading culture will be attributed to the notion that we have reading we need to get information that's why after school be it high school be it college be it the university people are like I don't need this I don't need to read anymore like I already have the information maybe you know in school you are reading to pass the exams and that's what has been instilled in us so once you pass the exams and you're out of school you feel like you don't need to read anymore but isn't reading to get information also a good reason to to read because we that we are we already said that you know there's no end to getting knowledge it's not a good reason to read because that information can be can be received from different sources okay yeah so the primary reason for reading should be exercising the mind so that one will keep you reading yeah and what about those who read to just because some people say they have a problem with the fluency while speaking especially maybe English so they read to get a good grounding in that area so is that a good reason to read yeah that's also a good reason to read yeah but the reason should be deeper because after you start getting the fluency you may tend to to be like now I've already gotten the fluency you tend to relax okay so I'm getting the point that any reason is okay is or it's fine but the main reason should actually just be exercising your brain and that will keep you grounded in the culture yeah and you and you get a deeper a deeper reason a deeper reason that will make you continue reading even after you have achieved those short term goals so is the deeper reason now exercising your brain or is there another deeper reason okay I think a universal reason it will be to exercise the mind but now you can customize your own deeper reason you can come up with your custom made so examples of such because I've mentioned you know improving your language and you've said that's a good reason but not strong enough I've said getting information you've said it's not a good reason so what other reason you know are there that can be deeper you know for an individual okay like for example for for me currently I've decided to to make it a way of life so as long as I'm living I will read okay yeah that's quite a different a different reason to have so as long as you're reading you as long as you're alive you're reading the same way as long as you're alive you're eating and you're drinking and so it's a it's part of of your life so tell us now how do we develop that culture for someone who has who doesn't love reading who doesn't have that culture and they want to start for one reason or another so how do you develop that culture okay thank you so number one you we have said you find the reason then after the reason having a reason you decide you know Alexander Potter once stated that it's not getting what you want that's the hardest part it is deciding so that means to paraphrase that it means that you can get whatever you want if you decide so most of the people don't who don't read it's because they have not decided it's not that someone is too busy or anything it's not that they have not decided so the first step is deciding once you decide then things will fall into place once you decide the how will fall into place then from there you you approach reading like working out so with workout one usually allocate time usually schedule so you schedule yeah you can say to read in the morning you can say to read in the evening is that time most suitable than another okay it goes with your it's go it goes with an individual you know like let me give an example with myself I usually read from my bed and for example if I decide to read in the morning I will fall asleep like yeah because I was I'm thinking in the bed you know sleep will just come automatically yeah so usually read at night so that when they fall asleep oh it's okay it's up to morning so you you just look at what works for you then also like working out you you start small you start small like Brucey once stated that long-term consistency trumps short term intensity so just start small and build up you can say to read 10 minutes a day every day or days a week but long term for life you know it's a lifestyle so start small then build up then another thing also is that you should set goals you should have reading goals like you can say maybe I'll read a book a week a book a month you know but they should be because that they are manageable that you not be you not burn out also something else just like workout you should make reading interesting you know how do you make it interesting okay you see when people go for workout maybe running maybe to the gym they usually add music to it and all that so if music works for you you can say well you are reading you can play some smooth background music to make it more interesting okay yeah then something else that you'll add to avoid what you call leaders broke you know the same with the exercise when you do the same exercise routine daily daily you pray too so to avoid that you also change your general after a period of time so if for example you're reading memos for a period of time you change and you start reading maybe fictional books you know yeah okay and when you're reading should you like take down notes of something is it something that you can do while reading yeah you should you should you should also it also depends from which platform are you reading reading from for example if you're reading a pdf from your phone you can just screenshot there you can highlight the something and screenshot it like I have a collection of screenshots that I review once I'm done reading so you can write you can screenshot you know okay and we'll talk about the review bits in in a in a little while what about the location you've said you're reading your bed and that's fine with you but what about you know I've had a lot of people reading in a calm environment somewhere where there's you know the nature is green you know some where you have some zeal is it a contributing factor the location the place you're reading does it enhance or boost your reading culture yeah the location is very important yeah it should be some place that is conducive for reading and also still on the location you we should focus also on the reading posture or position yeah so what should be the right posture there's no right posture for example let's say someone who spends most of their day seated like maybe working in an office like in this kind of setup maybe sit like this it should be unfair to spend the whole day seated then in the evening you go to read seated you know like usually spend most of my day seated so that's why I read where I lie down so find something that works out for you find a posture that works out for you okay interesting and now about reviews you do reviews apart from being an author do they boost some do they attract the interest of people to read a certain book yeah they usually they usually yeah they usually attract the the interest so most of the time when most of the time when we when we pick a book sometimes we pick a book because we had it been mentioned by someone else yeah so like I once had Les Brown who is a motivation speaker mentioned about a book called University of Success by Og Mandino so once I had him mentioned that book and I usually take Les Brown in high regard I went and picked that book so I also do that with with my blog and my channel I usually tend review books so that someone can go and pick that book so the purpose of reviewing a book is to intrigue someone to go and pick that book okay so if someone is looking for a book to read they should probably look for good reviews of a book and then that will help in the reading because it'll be something they're interested too yeah sorry yeah they they should they should look at reviews and also they should ask themselves this question where are you where are you at at this particular moment in your life you know we as humans are dealing with different things at different period of time you know so and there is a book about almost everything even there's a book about how to read slowly not just reading but how to read slowly how to read slowly they create now I'm leading a book called the war of art I think that that that state was born from the art of force they interchange the the word is so the book is called the war of art so at this point I felt that my my creativity is taking a nose dive and I needed I needed to live with it a bit so I picked that book based on where I am at that moment so so apart from reviews you also look at where are you at that particular moment yeah sure and what is it about the high and mighty or the wealthy with you know reading books because you you get them in the book clubs and you know giving reviews about books like you do so what is it about about that maybe that will be captivating for someone who doesn't love reading books yeah so we we all have that aspiration to be wealthy and mighty as you have put it and one of the things that most of the wealthy people do is that they usually exercise you know they meditate and also they read you know so it's because they know reading is an exercise to the mind you know so that's why they read yeah that's why they know the secret the secret to reading something else that I would explain about reading once your mind is fit what once your mind is you're in the right state of mind you can handle almost anything like nason mandela spent 27 years in prison right one of the things when you read nason mandela's autobiography realized that he was doing used to exercise were at prison and also used to read a lot so I think those two things kept him going exercise of the body and exercise of the mind makes a lot of sense okay what about being in a book club does that help yeah and how should you identify a book club that you you know to go to yeah it definitely helps because you have people to cheer you up you know you are usually told that if you want to to go faster walk around if you want to go for work with people so when you're in a book club you know when you have people to cheer you up you know the attempts like it's like let me also go back to working out if you are you if you have a workout body that is that you feel like you don't want to work out but the workout body will cheer you up you hold you accountable so the same app is the book club okay and it makes reading a little bit of fun yeah it also makes reading fun so how do you identify a right book club to go to so first you you you you identify by people you have the same interest with you know yeah same interest with because you've mentioned about fun so if you have the same interest it would be much easier and finally before we go into the books that you have written and the current one whose responsibility is it to ensure that you have a reading culture is it the parents that are supposed to nurture it when the child grows is it to you as a person when you realize the importance of having a good reading culture or is it maybe the government or the society you know many people yeah so it's at a parents have a role to play parents have a role to play like in some countries like Finland there's that culture of parents reading for for the children you know and once the parents go for clinics they take students to clinics and all that they are given even books you know to encourage them to read their kids and all that so parents have a role to play yeah also the government have a role to play and it has played a good role because we have the Kenyan national library some I will mention something about the Kenyan national library like with 20 shillings you can access the Kenyan national library and spend the whole day there reading and you have access to free internet you know okay then the biggest responsibility raises with you as a person especially for an adult it's your responsibility all right yeah okay now let's talk about the book that you have written and I would like to just read sorry let me read the dedication and also the conclusion of it before you talk about it the book is called Akachumbari of Kenyan quite an interesting title for a book you also tell us about this and the declaration sorry the dedication that he has given that is to all Kenyans not all books books have a dedication to every Kenyan there um having some trouble getting it's just a little bit maybe you can tell us about the title as I look for the dedication what what's what's inspired you or what's you know brought you to come to the conclusion that the title should be Akachumbari of Kenyan okay thank you so when I was reading this book when I was writing this book I was working on a different project and I happened to listen to a podcast that podcast is called Ikonini by Moaf and Zuck those this guest is an artist is called DNA Mr. Dreams she was talking about that the problem that we have in Kenya is that our stars politicians not rappers not business personalities not sports personalities but politicians and it hit me like wait a minute we're not set a book and celebrate sports everybody now and also include even the politicians so I started writing the the book so when I started when I started writing the book I have mixed all those people there okay so and it don't to me like you know with Akachumbari and everything so then something else that hit me was that most Kenyans love small kids hmm and we'll have it projected in this on the screen Brenda you can have the uh the cover page projected there so we can see the smokies we are s represent slogans m represent motors taglines and o stands for original quotes made in k which is Kenya or by a Kenyan I in each and every s space I hope you've gotten to understand it but you once you see it you will get the concept behind it so tell us about the smoky yeah so basically it's a book celebrating Kenyans and I wrote the book during the election period and you're still you we are still in the election period because today the Supreme Court will be giving the verdict so I wrote it at a time when effect that and it's a bit old Kenyans and also rarely the Kenyan spirit you know there's more to Kenya than politics so you you you first the need to make sure you you pass it the pass the message on that the Kenyan spirit is strong and the piece should be there just to remind us of who we are yeah and that's a that's amazing so I'm getting that the book is you know a collection of slogans made by Kenyans a collection of motors and taglines and quotes so why why why did you decide to use to use this okay so I can see the inspiration came from from that interview that I watched when do you see that our stars are usually politicians not sports personalities not business people so that's where the inspiration came from yeah okay so we'll have it on the screen the producer has said it is ready there we have it we have the slogans motors and taglines all for original quotes made in Kenya or by a Kenyan in each and every space so what's message for someone who has not read this what's message is that what is the underlying message in this whole book so the underlying message in this whole book is to rally the Kenyan spirit you can see the cover page has that Kenyan flag that Kenyan touch yeah the Kenyan flag and the Kenyan map all right ah the Kenyan map yes yeah background image yeah so yeah so it's it's basically to rally the Kenyan spirit okay and I'll read the dedication because it's to all Kenyans which is us of course our fellow Kenyans this book is dedicated to all Kenyans the Kenyans who lived before us everyone who lives in Kenya the Kenyans outside Kenya the Kenyans who will come after us anyone with a trace of Kenyan in them wherever they are any person who has ever visited Kenya any person who will visit Kenya in the future and any person wherever they are who has the spirit of resilience because that is the Kenyan DNA I love it I love it and just to get the conclusion because it's also quite nice it says fellow Kenyans our enemies are poverty ignorance and diseases we have we already have resilience and have always been resilient we are unbowed politics are part of us but we shouldn't let politics breed hatred discord discord and negative ethnicity remember what call you uh before he once said yeah so come on uh so come on go it is time we rise nakama scouts to a tiari to take this nation to greater levels like st lucy school uh for the blind let us all strive for excellence this will require us to be eagles like otayo boys high school and not hands remember pastama gogo who are said kuzali what to kenya niform six our dreams are valid lupita are tested and we are not limited keep chug approved like nys let us be true to self true to country amazing and i've said you've you i've seen you've used quotes from uh lupita from leaders there just to to give a conclusion to everything that you have written up there okay this is amazing so what what are you telling canyons today as we wait for the supreme court verdict being in line with you know the book that you have written today yeah so maybe i'll mention something about the conclusion first so like i've mentioned st lucy school for the brand i've mentioned to their boys i've mentioned the scout there lupita keep chug i've mentioned about mandago okay when you read the book you'll be able to appreciate the the conclusion so once you read the book you'll be able to appreciate the conclusion the book is informative educative hilarious and all that so the message that i have for kenyas as we wait for the supreme court verdict is that no matter the outcome is that we should embrace the kenyan spirit you know and we should just be peaceful you know our forefathers the forefathers of this nation they stated that our enemies are poverty ignorance and diseases yeah those three things do i do yet i do yet to see or i'm to manyako the other side just because somebody supported kenya kwanza i'm a munginari support as a meal yes you are do you are calling poverty ignorance and disease okay yeah so you should embrace peace just one thing before we come to a close there's something that you mentioned in one of your vlogs and you uh quoted robot kiosaki and he said the focus is not on best written books but on best selling books yeah elaborate on this so you can have a well written book but if the book is not out there you know nobody will know about the book so the focus is on the selling part you can have great products but if the products are not sold you know even the company will collapse so the focus is usually on sales yeah okay so for someone when you're buying a book should you look for the best selling books or should you just look for a book that looks captivating enough for your interest so you know a book is captivating because it's out there oh yeah you know that it's been sold out yeah okay thank you for this what is your final word as we come to a close and work and people get you on your social hand well then for those who want to purchase your book this is your camera okay so thank you very much Steph and thank you to our viewers so my social hand was uh maktaba digitari across all social media platforms and this book is on amazon you can buy it from amazon also you can reach me on whatsapp yeah i can give me a number sure it's your number feel free okay so you can reach me on whatsapp that is 07 that 2 274 116 and i can direct you on how you get the book Steph maybe i can add something sure okay so once i was reading writing this book this book gave birth to twin books yeah you see in in each and every space so that part of every space i sampled messages from kenyan's form across all spaces and at one point i had to go to langata cemetery you know to correct the epitaphs you did yeah okay but that was an after though it was like should i really do this but i was like okay there are also kenyan's yeah those people that there are also kenyan's or they are buried in kenya so let me go and correct the epitaphs so i corrected the epitaphs so the first time i i corrected they went with the with four full scabs and the kandika is of itu then creativity took a life of its own and they realized that it's not only a segment in the book it can be a book on its own so nika by even an a4 book 200 pages in kandika is of epitaphs now he corrected two two more books so from this book we have two more books okay which ones the book we have feeding from the cemetery and you have feeding from the cemetery bible based because those epitaphs in kandika they fall under two categories some are scripture based others are just ordinary epitaphs you know so nika divide into two then something else maybe the tato sounds a bit spooky feeding from feeding from the cemetery sounds you know of its spooky hands you have said yeah yeah so even when you go online utapata articles written about like you know people should not be buried in the west of public land people should just be cremated and drove at and i was like why not prove the nisay as long you know the cemetery i actually can feed us how through the messages that are written on the epitaph like one cemetery that i visited like one grave that i visited at that time when i was visiting that place you know we are still living now sometimes we have worries why worry about the hills when you have mountains to climb you know and it's talk to me you know so i was like okay this is a powerful message so that feeding from the cemetery the the first book the proceeds from that book will go to to a feeding program i'm not getting i'm not even pick a scent from the book nika ma pei you know with pei it's deducted from the source yeah sundio so the proceeds go to a feeding program yeah because it's feeding from the cemetery or feeding from aha okay so you are doing it in your it's actually you are manifesting it or you you are literally yeah doing that which you've written feeding from the cemetery yeah yeah and only only the viewer can give the power to to that idea you know if someone doesn't buy that book you'll not be able to feed from the cemetery but if someone buys that book entire pen editor so now they can they can send money to the feeding program directly so you'll feed the message you'll feed from the message and also you'll feed the from you'll feed a kid from the cemetery also this the scripture based bible the scripture based book the message the sorry the proceeds 100 percent of the proceeds will go to btl that is bible translation and literacy but btl is doing an amazing work to translate the bible into our native local languages so once you purchase that book the proceeds they go directly after when you're not too much btl when i verify the payment i send the book to you so once you pay to btl none of us are btl were were translated they were they continue translating the the bible into the local languages none are to me feel from the cemetery yeah i'm seeing it okay this is quite the concept that you have come up with all right so you want to tell people uh or maybe they can get that when they get to your social yeah so once you whatsapp me on 07 32 274 116 yeah i'll give you the payment details amazing thank you very much for coming on board and sharing with us uh your uh knowledge on in this area on the reading culture thank you thank you very much uh that has been david jiru who's an author talking to us about nurturing the reading culture on uh youth and careers so we're going to take a short break after this and then sakwa brand sakwa will be back with mcm so don't go too far the hashtag is still white in the morning see you on the other side


The Cavalcade of America sponsored by Dupont, maker of Better Things for Better Living through chemistry, presents John Hall in Soldiers in High Boots. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is the Cavalcade of America sponsored by Dupont. Tonight we present John Hall as the star of a new radio play, Soldiers in High Boots, written by Peter Lyon, especially for Cavalcade. Our play tonight is based on exploits of the paratroopers, daredevils of the infantry. Later in the program, you will hear Cavalcade's special guest, Captain John T. Berry of the 508th Parachute Infantry, who will speak from Washington. Starring John Hall as Private Jefferson Smith, we present Soldiers in High Boots on the Cavalcade of America.  I can't, sir. What's your name, Smith? Okay, get back out of the way. Back in the cabin there. Okay, thanks. Keep coming there. Private Smith, sir, Company D. Doctor, there's something I wanted to ask you. Yes, ask away. Well, sir, I thought you being a doctor. Yes. Well, I think I can guess what's on your mind, Smith. You failed to jump from the plane this morning. That it? Has the Jumpmaster reported that to you already? I don't even know who your Jumpmaster was, soldier. But I get visits like yours at least once a week. Well, then can you tell me what's wrong with me, doctor? And what to do about it? Well, I can tell you what's wrong with you. All right, but as for the cure. Well, that's another matter. Yeah, but all the guys in my company, they've got me tagged as yellow. And I'm willing to take any one of them on to prove otherwise. Well, you wouldn't prove anything that way, Smith. No, I guess not. Well, then why don't I jump like the others? Acrophobia. It's a Greek word. It means fear of high places. Acrophobia? Probably something in your childhood caused it. You were frightened by some high place or other. A psychoanalyst could take care of it if it needs to be taken care of. Yeah, but the guys in my company, they think I'm scared. There's nothing to be ashamed of, soldier.  But why do I freeze up just when I'm supposed to jump? You act as though you were the only man who ever froze up on a parachute jump. Don't worry so much about it. Matter of fact, I'm the same way. You couldn't get me to jump out of one of those planes. Yeah, but look, if I don't jump this afternoon, I'm out of the paratroops. Then make your jump. He'll geronimo the way the others boys do. And don't worry about it. That's the worst thing you can do. Worry. If you start getting worried about fear, you'll bump into another long Greek word, phobophobia. What's that? Fear of being afraid. That's really a nasty one. Steer clear of that one. Now go on. Make your jump. You'll be okay. Hey, farmer, how much longer we got before the afternoon jump? We only get started pretty soon, Takes. We're supposed to go up around a quarter after. Hey, Mac, if you got to play that thing, play something cheerful. I say, who'll take a bet on Smitty? Smitty? What about him? Oh, you know. He went up on the second flight this morning and he wouldn't make his jump. Hey, he froze up like an icicle. Takes, when you're up 5,000 feet and you got to jump, you got a right to be scared. Yeah. If you say you're not scared yourself, Texas, you're just a plain lion. So who'll take a bet on whether he jumps this afternoon? Well, if he don't jump this afternoon, they'll jump him right back into the infantry. Two times an out. That's what Colonel told us. Don't worry, boys. He'll jump all right. Oh, so I have no takers, huh? I'm surrounded by citizens who have no sporting instinct. All close students of the dollar.  Here he comes now. Yeah, he must be going up again, all right. He's got a shoot. All right, come on. We better hurry. Oh, it's my misfortune to have in my platoon. Nobody but citizens who figure that anything involving humans is 6 to 5 against. Well, that's us. Free ticket for everybody, all the way up and all the way down again. Well, boys, after this trip, we'll all be paratroopers. Hope-a-hope-a-hope. Hi, Smitty. Hi, Farron. Missed your char, you feeling okay? Yeah, I'm okay. Why not? Well, the way you usually tie on the old feedback, I was just wondering. What are you thinking about this morning, eh? I know what's on your mind. You figured you'd come over and talk with me, keep my mind off this morning. Well, listen, Farmer, get back with your pals or start thinking about your farm back in Iowa. I'm okay. Sure, kid, sure. Never mind me, and I don't want to talk. Okay, Smitty, happy to you. I tell you, I do so remember something about a sparrow. It's in the Bible. Oh, it's a funny thing. What's funny? Well, on the ground, that big lug is all gut. Getting him up here a few thousand feet, and he tries to remember stuff out of the pot. Oh, that's right. That's it. A sparrow falls anywhere in the world, and God knows about it, and can put out his hand to keep it from palm. You know, Farmer, I'm not scared to jump. I got it all reasoned out, but I looked down. I know. I get sick. I don't get scared, I get sick. Oh, sure, that happens to a lot of guys. As soon as I hear the jumpmaster give the order, then I freeze up. Oh, you'll get over that. You get so you like it after a while. All right, you guys, everybody stand up. Fix your ripcords, the guy line. Remember the sparrows. No talking in the ranks there. Now, when I give the order to jump, I want you guys to start jumping. I want all 18 of you out of this plane and start at 10 seconds. That means no delays from any of you. Any guy who hesitates, I'll pull them right back out of the way. Open exit door. Farmer, I'm right back here, kid. Okay, sir! Geron! Geron! Don't move forward, Smitty, never stop, see? My hands. My hands, Farmer. See me, shaken kid? What, 15, 16, 17, 17.  I don't think I can, sir. Go on, Smitty. All right, step back out of the way. No, no, no, I'm going. Geron! Not all I've got to say, men. Those of you who took the second jump yesterday completed your training. You're now full-fledged paratroopers. Now, one more thing. As of this moment, all leaves and liberties are canceled. Report to your quarters and prepare for immediate embarkation. Full field equipment. You have exactly one hour. I'd like to tell you where you're going. But unfortunately, I don't know. Your guess is as good as mine. Anyway, you're a fine bunch of paratroopers, and wherever you go, I know you'll do a good job. Now, good luck and good hunting. Company dismissed. Well, Smitty, oh boy, we-we do did it. Yeah, we're in, Farmer. Oh, and look, fella, thanks for yesterday. Oh, don't thank me, Smitty. Nobody pushed you. Hey, gentlemen, I have a little sporting proposition. Five will get you 10 now. Hey, Texas, Texas, come over and get in on this. Oh, you got another sure proposition for us to bet on, Mac? What's the bet? Well, now, first, let me ask you a question. Where do you think the High Command has decided to use- utilize our talents, huh? Well, I got a hunch we're going to be heading across that blue Pacific.  Well, I got different hope. Understand there's going to be a little excitement up around Alaska. Considering the way they've been training us, I think it's going to be Iceland. Okay, boys, it's a bet. Now, I'll tell you, gentlemen, where we're going. Africa. Son of Africa. Yes, sir. Africa where the sun always shines. Gene, is that all it does in England? Rain? Hey, Smitty, you got another cigarette? Sure, here you are, Farmer. Look at that rain. Too wet even to go down to the pub for a beer. Who's got the dice? Oh, relax, Texas. I bet it's not raining down in Africa anyway. Yeah, Africa. I thought we were heading straight for Africa, Mack. We've been in England two months. Oh, boy. I wonder how our old outfit's doing. You know, what I wonder is why we didn't get to go to Africa. Well, they got their reasons why we didn't go south, Farmer. Yeah, such as which. Well, I'd rather not say. What do you mean by that, Texas?  Figures on your record. Texas. Why don't you keep your yap shut, Texas? Now, listen, Mack, you and the farmer both agreed that maybe Smitty was the reason we didn't get to go. Still got that on your mind, eh, Texas? He can call it a mine. Well, what about it, Smitty? You sure you wouldn't freeze up again? Cut it out, Texas. They aren't keeping all of us here just because of Smitty. You said not all of us, Farmer. You mean you figure that's why I'm here? Well, Smitty, it probably is on your record that you didn't jump once, but... Well, if that's the case, they wouldn't, wouldn't they throw me out of the pear troops? Well, that's reasonable. Ah, the trouble with you guys, you got nothing better to do than sit around and dream up peace for why we haven't seen any action. Did you ever stop to wonder why there was so anxious to teach us how to ski? Well, we weren't the only guys they trained to ski, Smitty. I'm not saying we were. But the four of us, we're all supposed to be pretty hard at skiing. So long as we're all figuring out why we didn't go to Africa, I'll make my bet is because they're going to send us in the other direction. Gosh, Smitty, you really think so? Well, how do you figure it? Oh, fine. Now we're the second front. Hey, Mama! No way, eh? That's cold country. I'll get a hot. We aren't in no way yet. It's just one way of looking at it. Hey, Vincent! Private Smith? Yes, sir. Carter? Yes, sir. McElroy? Yes, sir. Ramsay? Yes, sir. You're all to report to the CO at once.  He wants you there in a hurry. Is this? Does this mean maybe we... The CO will tell you. Get going. It is, man. I want you to know Captain Olaf. That's his first name. Never mind about his last name. Oh, and he's not a man, Colonel? These are the men. I'm glad to see all of you. Thank you, sir. Hello. All right. This is one of our allies. I'm going to turn you over to his command. That is, if you're willing. What? We don't understand, sir. I said, if you're willing, because I want to make clear to you all that if you're transferred to Captain Olaf's command, it is on a voluntary basis. Let me outline what is on our minds. We're asking for volunteers among the men who are trained as paris ski troopers. The mission is extremely dangerous. Maybe a little six to five against? Possibly. But in any event, the objective is the destruction of certain key military installations on the continent. Norway, the second front. Second front? I don't know anything about the second front. And it's not your province to guess about it, nor mine. Maybe a certain country will be the scene of an invasion. If so, then your chances of coming back from this mission with a whole skim are somewhat enhanced. If not, your chances are, well, slim. Either way you look at it, they are not very good. You know enough to make your decision now. You want a little time to decide. Count me in, sir. Me too, sir. I'm in this, sir. Smith? Huh? Oh, count me in, sir. Supply Sergeant will issue you special equipment at once. You'll have one hour to write letters or whatever you want to do. That's all. Well, this is a good feeling. When will we be able to see something, Captain? Some land, I mean. Oh, is there much visibility? It should be. We've left all the rain down in England. Well, then we should see some land pretty soon if we are not too high up. Hey. Hey, look at that sky over there. Oh, yeah? Well, where do you mean, Smitty? There. There, over there. Oh, yes. Hey, look at that. I will ask the navigator. Hey, that must be some bonfire, huh? Could that be Berlin? Berlin's pretty far away, isn't it? I don't know what it is, but it's sure burning. It's Hamburg. All pilots finished their raid there about half an hour ago. Hope we can do as good a job where we're going. You are listening to John Hall as Smitty in Soldiers in High Boots. A new radio play on the Cavalcade of America sponsored by Dupont. As our play continues, Smitty, the farmer, Mack, and Texas together with Captain Olaf have set out on their first mission as Paraskee troopers. A fast army plane is speeding them toward continental Europe to a destination known only to Captain Olaf. As the plane drones through the night, the four men wait impatiently for the order that will let them see action at last. Shake your safety belts, man. What's the matter, Captain? Nothing, I hope. The pilot just called me to say he saw some ship stone below.  What if they are? Well, then we'd have a committee to welcome us as we float down, perhaps. I suppose we ought to be glad we're up in these clouds. And I'm glad. Yeah, only I'd like to get a look at the country. Listen, you wouldn't be able to see much. It's just beginning to get light. Where's Olaf? I've been having a little shut-eye. No, he's up with a navigator. Telling him where to go, I guess. Cold. It's cold up here. Who's got a cigarette? Hold on, everybody. Get ready. We jump in a few minutes. Jump? Into those clouds? Well, we go down to 2,000 feet first. You should be glad of those clouds, my friend. Yes, I am, but... But what? Nothing, sir. Nothing. Come on, let's check the supply chutes. No. When you land, you go straight to the supply chutes, yeah? And I will give the orders at that time. Any second now. You all check your chutes? Yes, sir. Ready, Captain Olaf? For the 2,000 we've done for an hour. Right. Thank you. Not a bit. Good luck. And good hunting. Thanks again. Open exit door. One, two, three, four in that order. I shall go last. Your order is to jump. That means you're first, Smitty. I have a way, kid. No. No, you go first. I'll jump after you. Please, you must hurry. Go ahead, Smitty. Hi. Form. My hands. Come after me, Smitty. Geron! Sorry, Captain. This happened before we sniffed. Geron! Here I go. Geron! I'm all right now. Geron! Goodbye, Captain Olaf. See you again, Lieutenant. Thanks! To business. The power station is that way. About four and a half miles. I know all the trails through here. Now, you will follow me. You all have your assignments, huh? I think we're... Oh, one thing. Smitty. Yes, sir? You had to carry a share of the explosives and guard the side entrance to the power plant while Mack attended to setting his fuses, right? That's right. Yes. No. You will divide your share of the explosives among us. And it takes us... Yeah. You will take over the task of guarding the entrance. That will leave the rear entrance unguarded till after I can return from the basement. But we'll have to take that chance. It's arranged now. But... But where am I going to... Sorry, Smitty, those are orders. That's all for now. You mean... I have no orders? That's right. Don't worry too much, soldier. Adjust it first. Perhaps it would be well if you stayed right at my hand all the time, huh? Until I tell you. All right, come on now. We've got to hurry. The Nazis changed their guard at the power plant in less than an hour. There we are now. Quickly. Fuse number one. Check. Right. It is set. Fuse number two. Anything I can do to help? No, no, no, thanks. Check. Right. It is set. Fuse number three. Check. Right. Believe me, sir. I'm not a fan of confusedness, no? I hope Mark is having an easier time with history charges I have with mine. No. And I look around the two centuries. Deton on moans. Do you want me to get over to the rear entrance, sir? I still have my submachine gun. No need to, I still think. Just imagine what this will do to the Nazis, Smitty. And hydroelectric plants are applying energy for every mine, every mill, every plant, for the whole area. It's a good night's work. All right. All is well. We are precisely six minutes to get out of the way of the explosion. Come along now. I hope so, sir. You won't think I... Good. There's your friend, Texas. I will pick up Mark and the farmer. Quick, don't. Everything okay, my new captain? Yes, sir. What was that shot I heard? I don't know. Where are the others? They were right behind me. There they are. What's the matter? They're running. Mark, he's hurt. Must have missed one of the centuries. Nick, Mark and the leg. I'm okay. But we've got to get going out of here. I'll make it five minutes to the whole mountain. I guess we're on the part. Did anybody hear your shot? What about a Nazi cent? He beat it. Come on. We better do the same. Dirty shame and after such a good beginning, too. I think I can see where they've set up the machine gun, sir. How about I try to work around the side... Hey, one walk, Texas.  Hey, where's Smitty? Well, he's right with me. Where is he? Huh? I was hoping I was wrong about that guy. I never saw him at all. We've got to get out of here. We must make a move. We can't just sit here behind this escarpment, waiting for an explosion. Less than three minutes to go, sir. Oh, what are those dogs up to now? Oh, they're just taking pot shots, I think. No, sir, they're not. They're shooting at... It's Smitty. Huh? Where? See? He's going along down by that big pipe. He's got grenades with him. See him? Bulldairy. See?  Get down. Look out, Smitty. Oh, he can't make it. He can. He's just got that ten yards to go in the clear, and then he can really toss that grenade. Oh, Smitty. You know how to make his break in just a second, no? There he goes. Run, Smitty! Run! They caught him. No. No, he's not down. Look. He's still got the grenade. One, two, three, throw it! He doesn't dare hurt him. Throw it back at him. There. Come on, everybody. Get to him as fast as you can. Come on.  Keep your heads low. I don't like this. I'll read. Yeah. Dave. Old and Nancy's stage. Smitty. Smitty, you all right? He's still alive. Here, here, help me.  Smitty.  You gotta get away from here. For the place blows up. No, don't try to talk, kid. Here, Texas, you take his legs. Careful. No. No. Get out of here. Do you hear me? You can't do anything for me now. We ain't got much time left, Captain.  You haven't got time to carry me. He's right. I'm sorry I went chicken on the jump, guys. Will you shake my head, Smitty? Thanks. Come on. We gotta go. Trudeau Streets and down the hill. So long, Smitty. So long, Farmer. Remember the sparrow. Thank you, John Hall. A little later in the program, ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Hall will return to the microphone to introduce our special guest, Captain John T. Berry. Meanwhile, here is Gain Whitman with a story of chemistry at work in war. Tonight, we bring you a story of chemistry on the home front. But the story begins, as most stories do these days, with chemistry and speeding a job for the army. They've just finished painting the inside of a big new bomber plant in Ohio. You can get some idea of how big it is from the fact that the job took over 20,000 gallons of paint. But there's another fact that's more interesting than that. The paint was applied at the rate of 800 or 900 gallons a day. That's fast. Wartime paint jobs call for speed. One of the things that make great painting speed possible is a new kind of paint, resin oil emulsion paint. DuPont Speed Easy resin oil emulsion paint was tested against two competitive paints at the bomber plant in Ohio. Speed Easy was selected. This new wall finish does the job in fewer coats and dries more rapidly than old-style paints. It gives excellent light reflection. Because Speed Easy was formulated originally for use in the home as a one-coat finish for wallpaper and other interior walls, we think you'd like to know what it is and how it works. Everybody knows the old saying that oil and water won't mix. DuPont Speed Easy disproves that saying because while you mix Speed Easy with water, what stays on your walls after the water dries is an oil paint. The secret of this wartime paint development is what chemists call a homogenizing agent. I'll explain. Paint pigments, the compounds that give paint its colors, are usually ground in oil. The oil encloses each pigment particle in a coating. The ordinary paint that you put on your wall is a mixture of pigment and oil. With Speed Easy the pigments are ground in oil and then a homogenizing agent is added which makes oil and water mix. The water evaporates. The pigment in its resin oil binder is left on your wall. The cold water tap in your kitchen is the only thinner you need.  Enough for an average room. What's more, DuPont Speed Easy covers most surfaces in one coat. Even over-figured wallpaper are discolored plaster walls. You can paint over practically any interior wall surface. Wallpaper, painted and unpainted plaster walls, brick, cement or building tile. In less than an hour, Speed Easy is dry. Paint your walls in the morning and by afternoon your furniture, draperies and pictures can be put back in place. Another advantage is that Speed Easy's flat smooth finish can be kept clean with just soap and water. So interested is the government in encouraging people to protect America's $80 billion property investment that it wants people to make necessary improvements such as plumbing repairs, roofing and painting, repairs that will keep your property in good condition. Not only from the standpoint that this may be a long war, but from the standpoint of common sense. But because America is a land of homes, we don't think of our houses as a mere roof over our heads. We think of them as homes. And we want them to be well-kept homes for reasons of efficiency and cheerful homes for reasons of morale. A product of chemical science, this new wall finish deserves a place among the many. DuPont, better things for better living through chemistry. And now the star of tonight's cavalcade, John Hall. In presenting tonight's cavalcade, DuPont not only salutes on a heroic branch of the Army, but also those brave men who gave their lives. In Washington tonight is one who suffered wounds. He is Captain John T. Berry of the Airborne Command, which invaded Africa. Captain Berry brings us a firsthand report of the largest flight by air ever made by paratroopers and the action which followed. It is my privilege to introduce Captain Berry. Come in, Washington. The paratrooper spearhead the African operation with our objective, the capture of a strategic airfield in Algeria. Our first landing was relatively uneventful. The airport was already in friendly hands, but we were immediately set on another mission and were attacked in flight by enemy fighter planes. We suffered our first casualties in this operation. One week later, we were on our way to Tunisia and jumped out to occupy another air drone, which is now used by our air force as an advanced base of operations. On December 1st, our unit fought along with other infantry units that fired past and captured the past in two days, taking the number of German and Italian prisoners. In this report, I have been able to outline only briefly the operation of the first American paratroopers in North Africa. What our men did then will be fully recorded by history. What I will remember longest, however, will not be the military achievement of these paratroopers, but the courage and determination of the men who fought these battles. As I said to Count McCall, North Carolina will be dedicated in honor of Private John T. McCall, one of the first paratroopers to die in the African action. The memory of this hard-fighting, freckle-faced American voice serves as an inspiration to all of us in the airborne command. Count McCall is the first training center established by the Army to be devoted exclusively for the training of airborne troops. The paratroopers who are carrying on in Africa and those who were following increasing numbers from Count McCall to combat airs throughout the world are determined to a fancy death of Private McCall and you can be sure they will. Thank you, Captain Berry. Ladies and gentlemen, you have just heard Captain John T. Berry, cavalcade's special guest for this evening who spoke to you from Washington. They flew the Atlantic in a bomber. They were attacked in the air and on land, but like real troopers, they carried on, performing day and night for the men of our armed forces. You've read about them in the headlines of K-Francis, Martha Ray and Mitzi Mayfair, three Hollywood stars who will appear on cavalcade next week in a salute to the entertainment world, Soldiers in Grease Paint. Be with us again next week when cavalcade presents K-Francis, Martha Ray and Mitzi Mayfair in Soldiers in Grease Paint, a true account of free girls who risk their lives many times to entertain our men on the fighting fronts. Cavalcade is pleased to advise its listeners that John Hall is currently starring in the universal Technicolor success, White Savage. The musical score of tonight's program was composed and directed by Robert Armbruster. This is John Easton sending best wishes from cavalcade's sponsor, the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. The program came to you from Hollywood in Washington, DC. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


Well thank you very much to the organizers, Eberhard Jort and Eva for the invitation to participate in this very important EAA session. Okay so I want to address how archaeological survey methodologies and regional analysis more broadly can build upon these rather static and two-dimensional historical geographies of Hittite imperialism in the late Bronze Age Anatolia. This particular map shows a typically Hattie centric view of south-central Anatolia which will instantly be the focus of my talk a little further east than most of the papers today. In the slide, well the map is based mostly on Hittite edicts, prayers, and peace treaties signed between the kings of Hattie and Tadantasha. So this shift in perspective is also of course a disciplinary shift because it relies more heavily on archaeological forms of data and analysis from the provinces and frontiers of Hattie rather than on the text corpora from the imperial capital. One good example of an archaeologically defined frontier was identified in the Project Papalgonia survey in north central Turkey where it soon became clear to Roger Matthews and his team that the survey area straddled the northern boundary of Hattie. The surveys identified a network of fortifications not unlike the Great Wall of China or Hadrian's Wall in Britain which defended Hattie from incursions and attacks from the people the Hittites called the Kaska. In this paper I will address a different frontier to the south of Hattie in a region that the Hittites refer to as the lower land. The southern frontier of Hattie is different from the northern one for a number of related reasons. The southern frontier was more permeable. One consequence of the cultural and political permeability of the southern frontier is the extensive and diverse evidence for interactions between Hattie and the lower land. For example there are Lvivian inscribed monuments in the lower land including this monument of Korunta that I've shown on the slide in which I will return to again in this talk. There are of course no such monuments in the Kaska frontier. Hattie appears to have annexed the lower land no later than Telepenu at the beginning of the 15th century and it is well known that Muotali the second briefly moved the Hittite capital to the lower land when he established his reign at Tarantasha and I should be clear that I'm following or we're following for Lanini here in equating or recognizing Tarantasha and the lower land to be interchangeable certainly by the end of the 13th century BC. I'll return to that point again. Like Amarna and Akhenaten in Egypt the capital status of Tarantasha would not outlive its visionary founder but unlike Amarna Tarantasha continued to exist as a powerful political entity after the Hittite capital was moved back to Adusha. Tarantasha would indeed become a regional adversary of Hattie for the remainder of the 13th century. Landscape monuments in south central Anatolia are widely believed to reflect tensions between Hattusha and Tarantasha and the latter half of the 13th century. The squares on this map identify late Bronze Age landscape monuments and Louvian inscriptions. The circles identify Iron Age ones so you can ignore the Iron Age ones for the purposes of this paper. The inscribed late Bronze Age monuments are associated with one of two individuals who both proclaimed themselves Great King Tutali of the Fourth who is Great King of Hattie and his contemporary and cousin Korunta who is Vice Regent and Great King at Tarantasha. So many have argued that the epithet Great King was traditionally reserved for the one and only Hittite King. By proclaiming himself Great King in this monument Korunta is represented as an equal and arrival to his cousin Tutalia. So the last decades of the 13th century BC the lower land appears to have become a southern frontier of Hattie. Evidence both analytically and Hittite records of military campaigns against Tarantasha and in the landscape monuments of the two contemporary Great Kings. The landscape monuments reveal a contested sociopolitical landscape in south-central Anatolia and feature in my conjectural rendering of a borderland between Hattie and the lower land on this map. Again not Hattie so much as the Hittite Empire if we can call it that. So again following for the Nini we note that Tarantasha and the lower land are geographically associated with the Haluia River which can only be the Charshamba River which is of course the main river that defines the Alluvial Plain which is the Konya Plain. So again in the last centuries of the 13th century BC we argue that Tarantasha and the lower land can be used interchangeably. The lower land did not emerge out of the blue in the late Bronze Age. For the remainder of this talk I will present data from the Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project to make a few broad brushstroke observations on the emergence of this political economic entity. I'll focus on two kinds of data represented in the maps on the slide a development of a regional network of fortifications that you see represented on the left and a number of settlement pattern trends in the Konya Plain. Orographic landscapes are the penultimate margin in any period of human history. In the Bronze Age the mountains, volcanoes, and piedmont that enclosed the Konya Plain were transformed into a defensible barrier. This process began already in the last centuries of the 3rd millennium BC or towards the end of the early Bronze Age with the earliest attestations of hilltop fortifications in the Konya Plain, mostly in the south. By the late Bronze Age the Konya Plain was entirely circled in a defensive network which included mostly hilltop fortresses but perhaps also fortified settlement sites in the alluvial plain like Uygh, Ashlima Uygh, which I've indicated there, with the star. So again you can see the mountain tops or the the orographic landscapes surrounding most of the plain but not the east. We'll see Uygh, Ashlima Uygh in a second and explain why we think this might be a fortified citadel perhaps guarding that eastern approach to the plain. So with a grant from Luvian Studies we are implementing aerial survey methodologies to visualize and analyze fortified hilltops in our survey area. I've included three of them on this slide all founded in the middle Bronze Age and prominent in the late Bronze Age defensive network. The orthofoto of Kinekalesi on the upper left was generated in our drone survey in 2019 and shows a surprisingly crowded architectural plan for a fortress. Again we have to imagine that this is on top of a prominent hilltop image on the left, upper left. More drone produce images from our 2019 surveys are currently in process. I'm sorry I don't have them now. I've shown here instead some Google Earth images of other prominent fortresses. Again that formed part of that defensive cordon if you will around the Konya Plain. So not surprisingly the Konya Plain was densely settled in the Bronze Age with settlement patterns and settlement sizes that more closely resemble upper Mesopotamia than the rest of the Anatolian Peninsula. For example already in the early Bronze Age we recorded three 30 hectare sites and by the middle Bronze Age we recorded six sites that are between 30 and 40 hectares in size shown in the stars on the left and of course the only excavated or partially excavated Bronze Age site in the Konya Plain is Konya Karahuyuk which is part of this middle Bronze Age picture. So the parallels between Konya Karahuyuk and the more extensively excavated and better known and better published I should say Kotepe Kinesh and Hajmahuyuk, i.e. these other middle Bronze Age palaces, suggest to many that a Karum may have existed at Konya Karahuyuk. However there have been no excavations in the lower town to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Nevertheless like all other major middle Bronze Age sites in the central plateau with Karums Karahuyuk was also violently destroyed and abandoned at the end of the middle Bronze Age when if we look to the map on the right it appears there was a shift let's say a political shift towards the east where another center emerged at Turkmen Karahuyuk which we've indicated with the square on the right. The upper mountain lower town of Late Bronze Age Turkmen Karahuyuk is a staggering 120 hectares in size or three times larger than the next largest Bronze Age settlement in the Konya Plain. Turkmen Karahuyuk is of obvious interest to us and as of 2019 the site has been the focus of an intensive survey led by our colleague James Osborne from the University of Chicago who's working under the ages of our regional survey. Stay tuned for the results of the first season of the Turkmen Karahuyuk intensive survey project which will include more sophisticated site maps and presentations of data that i'm showing here. Incidentally the results of this survey which are quite astounding will be presented in Europe for the first time at Akane. Another large Late Bronze Age site is located only six kilometers to the east of Turkmen Karahuyuk. Buyuk Ashlubahuyuk is one of the five 30 plus hectare Late Bronze Age settlements in the Konya Plain. Notable morphological features of Buyuk Ashlubahuyuk include a very steep and pronounced upper mound visible in both the photograph and in the digital elevation model image above. Because the site is located so close to its much larger neighbor we're toying with the idea that the site served some specialized purpose. Perhaps as I said earlier perhaps is some sort of fortified citadel guarding the eastern approach to the Konya Plain and basically closing the gap in that ring of hilltop fortifications around the Konya Plain. So we conducted drone surveys at Buyuk Ashlubahuyuk and in 2019 as well and here the drone produced a digital elevation model shows another very intriguing feature. A subsurface feature that you can see there as that linear line over 100 meters in length over 9 meters thick and it appears to have these sort of buttresses. So our preliminary interpretation of this structure is that it is a dam and part of a centralized water management project not unlike the recently excavated Hittite Dam at Kushakla, Sardis. Larger settlement patterns in the Konya Plain also relate to water management strategies or so we believe. The map on the left shows the clustering of settlements in the Chashamba alluvium prior to the late Bronze Age and the map on the right shows this northern sort of proliferation of sites into what are very arid very marginal steppe landscapes in beginning in early Bronze Age and continuing on through the middle and late Bronze Age. In the early Bronze Age sites you can see those yellow triangles and the remainder of those going up into these arid steppe landscapes are later Bronze Age and Iron Age sites. Incidentally the dotted maps or dotted lines on the map are canal systems today i.e irrigation canals that are being used in the Konya Plain today and you can see that these modern irrigation canals connect a lot of those sites that go down through the arid steppe landscape down towards the Chashamba alluvium. Again supporting our hypothesis that there was indeed large-scale irrigation happening certainly by the second millennium in the Konya Plain. So we believe the onset of coordinated large-scale irrigation strategies partly explains this histogram. Now if the total acreage of archaeological sites can be used as a proxy for populations for demographic trends where the blue bar represents total inhabited areas in the Konya Plain and the red represents the total inhabited area of the largest sites from each period the histogram shows the most pronounced spike in the transition from the middle Bronze Age to the light Bronze Age. So the onset of Hittitegemony in the Konya Plain likely included the implementation of large-scale centralized irrigation and farming strategies with consequences for the demographic trends that we are trying to represent on this histogram. Okay so with these broad brush strokes I have painted an image of an urbanizing early state in the Konya Plain in the second millennium BC within a territory that the Hittites refer to as the lower land. Now at this stage I remain skeptical of using the term Luvian to describe anything other than a language or indeed of course to inscribe this particular political entity as Luvian. I believe terms like Luvian, Hittite, Hurrian, or even Mycenaean for that matter essentialize and ultimately oversimplify the richly complex archaeological landscape that is late Bronze Age Anatolia. I do not believe there's any such thing as Luvian potty pottery or even Hittite pottery yet as archaeologists of late Bronze Age Anatolia we need to be able to conceptualize large-scale geographical entities that exist beyond the boundaries of Hati. The Konya Plain is a well-defined social spatial and political entity where a number of spatial and temporal trends have converged in the emergence of a territorial state in the second millennium BC. We are not ready to call the Konya Plain the land of Luvia but it is likely a candidate for this one-off reference in the Hittite laws to a place inhabited by Luvian speakers. It is worth considering how future excavations on any one of the massive late Bronze Age sites in the Konya Plain might inform this problem. Thank you very much.


Great. So after seeing the most high part of deep-blowning in the previous week, what are the objectives overall? So the first one is we want you to really understand which PROMs deep-blowning approaches can solve. We want you to be able to take real PROMs, distinguish the parts that can best solve with deep-blowning with the other components, often symbolic and be able to build it. We want you to be able to convert intuitions. You have about the world into a code. We want you to be agile in development and debugging and have an idea on why it doesn't work, if it doesn't work, and mechanisms to make it work once you're there. So let's briefly preview the next cup of week. What you just did in the last week was basically see the overall forest. Now we will dig all the way down. Today and this week we will learn about linear deep-blowning, which you'll be shocked is a surprisingly deep issue. And then we will talk about transfer functions and multi-layer perceptrons and making neural networks deeper in what the effects of that are in week three. We'll talk about optimization in week four and regularization in week five. Now all these components are very microscopic. They're the things that neural networks are made out of. And you need to have real mastery of all of them so that you're able to build really interesting systems. And then over the rest of the course we'll go into the application domains. Now before we get there I want to give you another chance to talk about the future. Meet in the part and discuss what you aim to be learning. And tell us what you hope to get out of this course. We still have time to fine-tune that course so that it's as useful as possible for you guys.


It's really true. It's like the Spirit's just saying, try it out. I've got a whole new world for you, a whole, like the song says, a new fantastic point of view, like the Aladdin song, the whole new world. And it's really that way. But we don't experience it when we still think that we have to handle some aspects of our life. It's to the extent that we say, oh, Holy Spirit, I know you're not into finances.  I'll deal with the checkbook. I'll deal with the finances. I'll deal with the jobs. It's like we were just down in Florida, Jacksonville recently, and Helen and I met this man, and Helen went to his house because he had all this Jesus presence with him so strong and the paintings, and she was telling the story about how he was going out walking. God loved to walk his dog, but his dog did do-do. And so he's feeling this presence of Jesus, and he's like, hold on, Lord. Just a minute here. I've got to pick up do. And Jesus said to him, I'll help you. That was a good example. He was like thinking, well, Jesus has got better things to do than watching or picking up dog-do, but Jesus said very clearly in the presence, I'll help you. And that was shocked him a bit because he likes to keep some aspects of his life very personal by picking up dog-do and then let the angels say, ah, with all the other kind of things like Bruce Almighty, you know, something like that. But what we realize is the living demonstration in our life comes when we don't hold back anything from the light. The light is the presence that we are. It does seemingly mundane things, even though there's nothing mundane. Everything is precious. Every moment is precious. There aren't common things and extraordinary things. And we tend to think, even in terms of our decision-making, there's like really important decisions where we need to pray for help on those, and then there's all these other mundane, everyday life decisions which, you know, we don't need any help. We can handle that just right, except it gets into a mess. We get stressed out about those everyday decisions. So Helena's got a song called Decide For Me, which is really calling on the Holy Spirit and saying, Decide For Me. Decide For Me in all things. It's not like you have to be ritualistic about it. Like, help me with this, help me with this, help me with that. Which when you get into the flow and the rhythm of it, Jesus says in the Course, when you have learned to decide with God, all decisions become as easy and as right as breathing, and as if you will be carried down a quiet path in summer. That's how our decision-making can be when we put God first and we let the Spirit just pour through us and kind of go before us, like the lilies in the field.  It would be nice to be able to live a life without toiling and spinning. Who is the one who wasn't raised with the Bible? The one who had no Christian upbringing. Well, yes, toil or spin. That's the way it would work. It pops through. But that's the beauty of it, you know, where you don't have to give conscious effort for it. It's more like opening up, when you clear your mind of the darkness, you can go on, we could say, Holy Spirit autopilot and experience a joyful day. Every day, that's God's will for us, is happiness and joy. Not sometimes, not part of the time, but all the time. So we're here tonight, we've got songs, they've got their guitars, the music's pouring through them, fellas got their songs, and so we're open also to any kind of topics or questions, because we're just an open book, you know, for us this is just the way we live. So sometimes people ask us about what do you do about this and this and this and that, just in living together in relationships and all those kind of experiences, including quantum love, you know, that's an amazing experience, because it's not tied into persons. And so it transcends this kind of personal need I want, you know, trying to get things from people, which is so typical of human relationships, it really does transcend those. So does anybody, do you have any topics? I've just got a question, I'll try to do it justice. But when, you know, I've been through the course of the baby, so I understand the language, but sometimes the language doesn't serve. In this instance, what I'm thinking about is when we, you know, you guys are talking about, like, that perfect day, or that with the Holy Spirit or with God, it still has that essence of something separate. You know, so how do you bridge that gap to where it's actually not anything separate?  So all that's really required is cleaning to presence. Yeah. Yeah, that's, I mean, that's pretty much describes our day. When we go out, we just pray that the attitudes shine through us, and if there's words, so be it. But actually, words are about symbols of symbols twice removed from reality. And I do a lot of talking, and I tell people, you really won't ever reach God through words. But even God knows the prayer of our hearts before we utter a word. And so I think it's like, it's like a surrender, like all of us really are into stillness and presence, that if you ask what's the most important thing is the presence. And it's not like we have, like, practices or rituals anymore. And it started with the Course of Miracles back in 1986, and it served. But it was just the same thing you thought. It was like there was a David and a Holy Spirit, and there was, even in prayer, it was an asking, a back and forth. And then that prayer without ceasing, you know, just started to come in stronger and stronger and stronger where there wasn't a question. So for the questions, that's where it starts to become very consistent in presence.   Because even that starts opening up things that you weren't aware of in your own life that needed attention, you know, required love, the same presence with love. Yeah, and that's it. It's really, what words come to you is so beautiful. Because we, among ourselves, it comes out in different ways, and sometimes all good talks, and it's all quantum. So it's all quantum physics. I can do the whole talk without mentioning God or Spirit or Holy Spirit or whatever. Sometimes it's through the music. And it's amazing the music that pours through these three, and people will just burst into tears. I mean, we started the Quantum Love Tour, I guess Helen and I were in San Rafael, California on the other coast, and then they came to Unity Village and a number of different stops, and people were crying, you know, just touched by the music. One Course in Miracles facilitator down in Florida, he said, I don't even know if I want to go to a public gathering on the Course, it's a self-study book. I see why I didn't go. He did come along, and when he came up to me afterwards, his eyes were all sparkly, and he was like, I got two things from this gathering. Movies and music, because we have tools like the Movie Watchers Guide to Enlightenment, where we help people who use the movies to train their mind to wake up to the Spirit. The music discourse here has been very helpful for me in meditation and just being around it all. We have a music festival every year where you've got little posters around there for the third annual Strawberry Fields Forever music festival at the Bledman Retreat, and we just come together in a big canyon in Utah and people have all these songs of the Spirit pouring through them. Very wonderful, deep songs. And sometimes they actually sing, like our friend Eric got up there and he wanted to meditate, and everybody, he's got such great songs, they're like, come on Eric, sing! And he's like, yeah, he just got up there and it opened it up for all the other musicians. He was practicing, he'd been quite intellectual, and he didn't want to, and he'd also had a musician's self-concept with pride. He was a very good singer and a good guitar player and he didn't want that anymore. He didn't want to be that on the stage, and so he just decided that he would sit and he would wait until he felt the presence. And when he felt the presence move him, he would allow the music to come through from there, and he would, so he stopped and he... And he asked. No, sorry, because everybody listens to music really well. And it was that devotion. He was like, I won't move until it's moving through me. And yeah, it was such a gift for everyone, because everyone there is there to undo the self-concept. We just want to authentically have the spirit come through us. And so we have expression sessions for the musicians every morning so they can come and share their fears and thoughts about performance. They want to clear all of that out of the way. So when it's their turn, they can get up there and really have the experience for themselves. And after this performance, he said, oh my God, I can't be as bad as that. Everyone left. All the musicians were like pros after that. He can do that. I'm going to be great. And it comes through like with the movies, there's so many great movies. Just this year, the amazing group of God movies is out. There's movies like Transcendence with Johnny Depp, more technological ones with consciousness. There's watching this one called Mr. Nobody, which is really a quantum movie. I remember the first time I saw it, I was just like kind of dazed a little bit. And then when I went home like a couple days later, the downloads started from the spirit just was like informing me, watch this movie again, and you're going to see things you've never seen before. And you know how it is when your mind's primed, you can see more, your perception can take in more of the vastness that's really there when you're primed for it. So we just use all kinds of music and movies and tools, angel bass, experiential things, anything that works to open the heart up to feel that love and presence. She's like quantum love now. I'm like, he's happy. Here we go. Quantum love. A quantum love tour. I'm listening to quantum businesses because they've gotten like little patches of blazing insight into many things. They're getting little grasp of art. But it's almost like kind of like now we're in the age of the internet and right now it's Wi-Fi hotspots. And some of you know that Wi-Fi hotspots, when they overlap, they just form a bigger patch. So if everyone starts having hotspots and they take their locks off of them, it'll just be a Wi-Fi feel that will go that will discover the earth. And it's really, the quantum feels already there. That means you're always connected wherever you go. You don't have to say, do we have Wi-Fi? It's just there, imagine having that kind of symbol of connectivity. We know that from our technological age, but that's really what forgiveness is about. It's just this connectedness. And when you're in that connectedness, it transcends all the specific beliefs of the world. So it used to be in the old days it was what do you believe? Everyone seems to have different belief systems and even within congregations there's individual nuances. And I think we should do more of this and less of this. It's always differences. But when you get into the true spirit of forgiveness, you open to the sameness that transcends the differences. You absolutely get past this idea of specific beliefs. When I sit down, I've been traveling for about 27 years in about 31 countries and so I'm on planes, trains, buses, out walking, airplanes, airports, rest stops. I meet a lot of people and it's really nice where you just have that humming presence within you and you don't have to say anything. People can feel it. We have revivals and Midas muster shops and Kirsten and I one time we came to, I think it was at McDonald's here in North Carolina. We walked into McDonald's and the man behind the counter, when we walked up to order, he went, ooh, I could feel you coming. What do you feel away? He had to feel. I could feel the love. McDonald's in North Carolina it just really radiates, undefined and then the characters come out and the animals will come up. Now we have a lot of animals out of this. We have the first course of America's monastery in the world, but it's out way out and so there's bobcats and deer and cows and rams and all kinds of animal squirrels, chipmunks, cats, everything. And they're just like reflections like chipmunks that well it seems like the first two or three years we had a blind chipmunk Stevie called her Stevie for Stevie Wonder She just got it She got it She knew Stevie, but she didn't know where it came from but he's like coming around just so friendly, come right up to you but he just moved by sound but we had some that would come right up on our legs it was more like St. Francis because the animals when you don't have any fear then they feel the field they feel the merge like oh yeah you're one of us and you just come right up and there's without the fear and those are all just symbols really of what this is all about we want that with everything and everyone we aren't looking to focus on differences at any time That's it and my experience of coming into that there's a lot of reverb and I come in a cave It's been about washing the belief in an external world really washing away that belief that there's someone outside of me that is going to judge me or that I need to do something for I noticed how addicted I was to thinking for others and thinking for an external world like I better do this for them or I better they need to know I love them so it was constantly acting and speaking for the external and what's washed that away is just this devotion to pray, listen, follow just very simple pray, listen, follow and that guidance of the spirit is what's coming from within or it's coming from another source it's coming from a reference point that's not the external world and as I've done that just devoted to listening and following from this reference point it's just turned everything around to this merge where I am that I am that presence I am that source I am that spirit that's coming from God and extending outwards rather than I'm a separate person trying to act and react and get it right in the world so and that's really what it's what it's all about washing away of a separate self washing away of a self-concept that is born of feeling separate and independent and instead just turning our attention our full attention and devotion to that connection and that's where the safety lies and that's where the love lies and that's where the answer to everything lies and with that we let go of needing and expecting anything from the world it's like that being sourced by that spirit and being directed by that spirit means we're just no longer looking to the world to source us and to provide the safety or anything and yeah so for me something like music has been such a natural way of being in that presence and it was only a year and a half, a year ago or a year and a half ago I was with a friend in Australia having a very deep inward time and going through a real step in the way letting go of responsibility in a big way responsibility for leadership being a counsellor being a teacher being in community being anything and to go through some deeper layers of letting go of specialness and then I felt like extending I could feel it something I wanted to extend and be in the love but I didn't feel to be talking to people so the spirit said oh ask your friend for a guitar lesson and he showed me one chord and that was it, I just sat with my guitar happily for hours just with one chord just playing and I've been praying and I had a song already written down from my prayer and so he helped me with a little bit of rhythm to add to it and it became a song and it's all I wanted to hear and so I would play that for hours and hours and hours and days and days and then I prayed again and he showed me another chord and another way of playing and then I did my second song and it's all been about just this connection with God that's the only purpose and yeah eight months later I came back over to the States and it was time for our festival, our strawberry festival and by then I had six songs and about ten chords and I found myself on the stage sharing this music and it was recorded and then I had an album and then I was going on tour and it just made me laugh like every time I would be there playing a song someone would say oh Kristen's a musician I just it's like I'm really not and it's just another way of seeing like you know it's just about that prayer and asking and then the spirit about that relationship like all God wants for us is for us to be in relationship with him and truly all we want is to be in relationship with him so it's just we keep aligning with that prayer what is your will for me what would you have me do and having the worthiness to keep asking and keep inviting and keep expecting to feel it and to hear it


Time to write your thesis. Time to write that next assignment. Or maybe it's a status report. This is going to be easy, right? I mean, how hard could writing be? All you need is a plan to stay calm and to focus. Okay, so maybe this was harder than you thought, but nobody ever got it right on the first attempt. So you try again. But then your professor says something is wrong with your writing and you're not sure how to deal with those comments So you start breaking down. Is this you? Or are you in need of another perspective? Or maybe you just need a helping hand to guide you through the writing process. Or perhaps a simple conversation to get some new ideas to steer you in the right direction. Looks like you need to pay a visit to the Tilburg University Scriptorium, a place where we offer these kinds of services. We offer you one-to-one writing sessions tutoring to your personal needs, so you can go from this to this. The Tilburg University Scriptorium. Find more information on our website and sign up for a session today.