So, students as we saw in the last lectures different phenomena exhibit different distributions. We represent them through random experiments constructed in a defined manner to arrive at underlying distributions. So, we arrived at binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Bernoulli distribution, interval distributions etcetera. Some of them were discrete, some of them were continuous. Apart from these there are several distributions which natural systems obey which we have not mentioned in the previous lectures. For example, there is distribution called a log normal distribution. Log normal distribution is relevant when the occurrence of the random variables happens over several decades of scale. For example, the size of dust particles suspended in the atmosphere. It can vary from about say 1 nanometer to almost a millimeter a scale of about 10 to the power 6. So, normally the kind of distributions that we discussed such as gamma distribution or Gaussian distribution often are useful for describing fluctuations around a certain standard deviation. So, a factor of say 3 or so, but decay very rapidly as the scale increases. On the other hand the distribution such as the log normal can describe the probabilities of occurrence of very large values with significant probability that is why it is supposed to have a long tail. Actually log normal distribution is obtained by using the log of the variable in Gaussian distribution. For example, it has a structure of the form if x is the variable then the log normal ln is described by a normalization quantity 2 pi and then some so called geometric standard deviation 1 by x e to the power minus log x by x geometric divided by 2 ln sigma g whole square. Here we should replace sigma g with ln sigma g. So, this is just an example and as you can see it will have significant probabilities for large x because it will go as a log x to the power log x type. So, if you compare it with the kind of distributions we have discussed so far the other distributions will taper off very quickly. There are in nature several distributions which go even slower than the log normal. An important aspect which is of interest in understanding underlying distributions is the estimation of parameters. For example, in the problem that we discussed in connection with the Poisson distribution the underlying average expected number in a certain given volume is a parameter of interest. So, mean value or what we call as mu is one important parameter of the distribution. The other quantity of interest is the standard deviation. So, whether the distribution is narrow or distribution is a long tail we assume that it at least has a mean a mean value a representative value. So, in the absence of detailed information of the distribution the knowledge of mean is useful in several occasions. A challenge of statistics is how to estimate this mean value and this is accomplished by a methods of sampling. There are many problems in sampling it should be unbiased meaning there should be no sampling bias one should not preferentially select a few values which come from the data a priori there must be equal probability of occurrence of the values governed by the distribution in question. And second important thing is sampling is always limited in number. So, one has a limitation of not being able to perform experiments over the entire population in question, but only take a limited samples say n samples from the underlying population. So, then the question arises how close will be the value that one has generated for the mean from this finite sample to the mean of the universal population which I want to attribute to. There are several cases where this theory has a crucial value especially when the parameters are of certain significance and sampling for example, involves costs. So, one cannot use very large samples because cost will go significantly. So, in this process of optimization to find out how close we are with respect to the mean assume the significant importance. In studies for example, connected with the diseases called epidemiology it is often required to provide an estimation of the risk of a certain agent. Let us say the risk of some pollutant which is in the atmosphere on the health of populations. This risk could be small at individual levels, but given as a whole to the whole society it has some important implications. But how does one estimate this risk? How much how many people have to be sampled? How long one has to pursue this sampling experiments? So, all these imply a lot of cost. Hence to be able to theoretically determine how close one is to the intended mean of the population and how many samples one would require to arrive at this closeness. That is the theory that we will discuss today and that brings us to what is called as the central limit theorem. So, central limit theorem is a kind of a statement that may that gives us a certain universal behavior of the deviation of a sample mean from the universal mean. Regardless of the underlying distributions from which these sample mean has come, it is of a very deep value in as I mentioned in many statistical programs. Let us formally state what this central limit theorem means and then explain it and then try to arrive at a certain proof. So, first we must have a concept of identically identically and independently distributed random variables. As the words suggest the random variables that one is selecting should be distributed by an underlying distribution identically. All of them basically come from the same population, their random and the selection of one variable is not influenced by the selection of another variable. So, identically refers to the distribution from which they arise and independent arise relates to the sampling method in which there no mutually influenced. So, it is about unbiased sampling. For example, if you go back to an example of a Poisson distribution, I had taken a sample of volume V from reservoir of water containing some bacteria. Then the question here is what is the mean expected number of bacteria in this volume V. This has come from an underlying distribution average concentration of some rho. So, the expected number let us say mu equal to rho into the volume V. So, in an actual experiment when one does, we assume that the occurrence of a bacteria they happen independent of each other, they are not influenced by others. And that the probability distribution for the fluctuations around this mean that is satisfied identically by all all particles which enter this volume. So, this is a very important understanding that we must have about the meaning of identically and independence of the random variables. Then concept that we must have is that the distribution in question must have at least a mean must that is distribution should have at least moment up to 2, if not more. That is it must have a mean and a standard deviation. One might wonder why one such a restriction has to be made, because once there is a distribution there would always be a mean and a standard deviation, but that it is not really true. In some contexts there are distributions which are normalized the area under the curve could be one, but their mean may not exist. For example, if I have a distribution function f x which has a property of 1 plus x square to be specific and if you plot it would have a behavior like this, its peak will be at x equal to 0. It will deceptively look like Gaussian for small values of x. However, as you go to larger and larger values you can see that this function tends to 1 by x square as x tends to infinity that is there is a significant probability of occurrence of large particles or large variables. If you integrate this system say minus infinity to infinity f x dx one can easily show that this is actually a tan inverse function. So, it will be tan inverse x at minus infinity to infinity which is pi by 2 and pi by 2. So, you get pi. So, this is an integrable function. I can therefore, rename f x with the 1 by pi as the pre factor. So, that the area under the curve then becomes uniting. However, if you try to establish the mean of course, in this case the mean x f x dx this will be 0. So, mean exists although the function may not be integrable, but by symmetry considerations we can say that the mean exists, but if you try to establish the standard deviation by integrating first the second moment x square f x dx this will have the form x square dx by 1 plus x square. And as x goes to infinity the integrand will be just dx. So, it will go as x that means, when I set the value at the upper limit here it will diverge. And such distributions are not purely hypothetical there are natural phenomena where such very slowly falling distributions occur. The distribution in question that we showed it actually corresponds to the intensity of line width in spectroscopy the intensity of photons for a specified line width as a function of frequency. It is called Lorenzian. There are many such distributions called power law distributions obeyed by extreme values where the function f x goes as 1 by x to the power alpha for x much greater than let us say 1. So, if it goes as 1 by x to the power alpha it may still be integrable if alpha is more than 1, but its moments may not exist. In fact, moments will diverge if alpha is less than 2 if alpha lies between 1 and 2 then we can see that its mean itself will diverge. Hence to encompass the entire family of distributions a restriction is made that the distribution must have at least a mean and the second moment or a variance in order that we apply central limit theorem. With this broad assumptions Vina state statement of central limit theorem for short we write it as CLT. There have been historically lot of work done in the 18th century on central limit theorem. The formulation is a what we are what we are going to state is essentially called Lindenburg Levy formulation. Levy was a very well known statistician who did lot of work on distributions with long tails and the statement goes like this for n independently and identically distributed i i d independently and identically distributed random variables r v's drawn from a distribution. The universal or underlying distribution having finite values of at least first second moments the distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution normal which is also called Gaussian distribution with mean mu of the underlying distribution and standard deviation sigma by root n mu the universal population mean and sigma population standard deviation and n sample size. Sometimes the normal distribution with a mean mu and standard deviation sigma by root n or any standard deviation s is briefly written with the notation mu sigma by root n in this case. So, this is n for normal distribution with the mean mu and standard deviation sigma by root n this notation is often used. Let us understand this statement. So, it says that if I have let us say a population let us say I am doing sampling from an interval distribution that means, I am let us say finding out the mean I want actually find the mean time between the arrival of 2 vehicles when I am let us say doing a random experiment on a road. I am just noting the arrival times of each vehicles and then I want to estimate from this the mean time taken for the arrival times between successive vehicles. So, that is a characteristic or a parameter of the distribution and we know that arrival times of an exponential distribution. So, the distribution f t for a it is also called a Poisson process is e to the power minus lambda t. So, where lambda is reciprocal of the mean time this could be an experiment. So, I have I cannot wait for infinitely long time. So, I will do an experiment for a certain period I have a data for about a few vehicles say n vehicles and from that I will obtain a certain mean. Say if for example, if this is lambda is the quantity of interest what I would have estimated the corresponding mean time tau would be 1 by lambda which is the population mean of the arrival times. But from the experiment I would have obtained let us say a time tau sample on an average of various times say t i between i equal to 1 to n 1 by n. So, now the central limit theorem says that the difference between the true value and the sample estimate satisfies eventually a Gaussian distribution. Although my underlying distribution was an exponential distribution this is one example. Similarly, I could have done the distribution for the Poisson probability of number of particles contained in a droplet. So, I take a droplet first experiment see how many particles are there say first time I would have got 0. I take another sample I would have got 5 particles third time I would have got 3 like that there is a limit. So, I would have taken let us say 100 such samples I would have got various numbers. So, up to 100. So, total let us say 100 samples. So, I would have then estimated an average out of all these numbers. So, each number if it is x i then I would have summed all of them and calculated the average and estimated that as the mean number r bar of occurrence of particles in a specific volume v which is supposed to represent the underlying contamination that that is in the reservoir from which this droplet is taken. So, this is now we know that is actually a Poisson distributed process. So, one can conceive of various types of underlying distributions. However, the central limit theorem says that regardless of the original distribution from which these random variables were sampled the difference between the sample mean and the population mean eventually goes over to a Gaussian distribution with the specific standard deviation for that sample and that standard deviation decreases as n increases. Thereby implying that eventually if you had taken very large samples you would have hit the mean with an accuracy as close as you please. This is a far reaching this is a theorem of far reaching significance and importance and it is very important to understand the basis and proof of this and that we carry out in the next lecture. Thank you.


I want to just close this poll. Let me just close this here and then we'll put the public chat back up. All right, so Barbara Harper welcomes so much. Barbara, as you heard if you were here earlier, Barbara is joining us from China. Barbara is an internationally recognised expert on water birth and gentle birth. She's the founder of Water Birth International and is a nurse and midwife and she is an amazing person to know. So I'd really like to extend a grateful welcome to Barbara. You should be able to unmute now, Barbara, if you'd like to go ahead and give us your presentation. You should be able to see your slides. I do. Thank you, Jane. Thank you everyone for joining us. My time at 6.08 in the morning I think on this side of the planet we've got plenty of people from New Zealand and Australia and on the other side of the planet it's evening so this is just so exciting to be the first presenter on 19 the IDM the 11th year and it's such a privilege Jane for for being here and welcome one and all and I do circle the planet every single year teaching about water birth and gentle birth and here in China one year ago exactly today it was yesterday in China but I attended a water birth and held a baby and the water in my hands and that mother came in yesterday to the hospital brought her one year old and at the Suzhou maternity hospital we had a fabulous celebration of midwifery and and the one year old birthday of this this little baby and I found myself on the stage presenting this this one year old with a Suzuki violin so that her life would be blessed with music and and that she would progress in talent and we're welcoming 500 midwives into the hospital auditorium and I'm going to be giving a three-hour presentation on addressing your own fears around birth and midwifery practice for three hours today so I'm starting the day early and thank you thank you thank you for joining us today and and I just have to see how to make my slides progress and and I I don't see my I don't see my my progression thing so Jane if you could help me out there that would be good so okay now I can see it excellent excellent so I'm not going to spend any time talking about me if you want to know about me you can read my my bio on my website at waterbirth.org but just know that when I gave birth 35 years ago to my second baby in water at home it changed my life and I turned to my midwife and I said oh my god I have to tell every single woman on the planet how easy this is so here I am 35 years later still talking about it several articles and books published and a website and I tell every single person how can we increase the normalcy of birth well just add water by using water immersion for labor by using water immersion for birth it changes the course of labor very often it will settle a woman it will give her the opportunity to gather her thoughts it'll take her into a deeper state of subconsciousness and it provides greater comfort easier mobility she conserves her energy because she doesn't have to work as hard her whole body is relaxed in the water and that's what promotes a deeper relaxation there was a book published in 2014 by Dr. Wallace Nichols he's a marine biologist and his book blew mind how being near on or in water changes your brain and Dr. Wallace Nichols talks extensively about the actual brain changes that go on in your neurological system when you're just even standing near water so if you can't put a tub into a facility you can put a water a little water fountain and that might even help a woman relax so the recognized benefits continue by not having any use of narcotics or epidural um at Elizabeth Clewitt in 2004 published in the British Medical Journal a randomized controlled trial of using water or pitocin for a stalled labor the pitocin group delivered two hours later than the bath group so it does cut the labor time as well your blood pressure drops you have an easier breathing you have more control over your second stage of labor because you can get into any position and it challenges providers because when a woman is in a different position your hands are off sometimes you can't see the perineum you don't have to support the perineum you have water supporting it a thousand hands just think of the hydrostatic pressure from the water as a thousand hands and the studies do show less frequency of tearing and less severity of perineal tearing there are a couple of studies that have more tearing but that's an issue that we'll talk about later it's not the water that's preventing it it's the position of the woman it's her freedom of movement it's her guiding the baby as well and one of the things that we discovered early on with with helping women birth in water was that the baby always every time came immediately to her chest now just imagine 35 years ago when people were still separating babies before Niels Bergman and other researchers did the the research on kangaroo care and the benefits of skin to skin we saw it immediately that without cutting the cord we put the baby in what I call the sanctuary the sanctuary where baby is protected and we saw that the benefits were enormous so what are the the recognized benefits for the baby because if there's any objection to birthing in water not just using it for labor it's around the newborn the american academy of pediatrics in 2005 even thought that every baby was going to take a breath under the water that doesn't that doesn't happen 35 years later we have on paper over 100 000 cases of waterbirth researched and um jennifer van der leyen and patricia hall and um mary jane lewitt published in 2018 a meta analysis a summary of the review of literature about neonates and water and they found less nicu admissions um better outcomes for all the babies that were compared in those 35 studies that they looked at and a benefit for the baby is immediate and uninterrupted skin to skin contact and I have to mention the complete expression of the primitive reflexes if we're not bringing the baby out as midwives it's our job to quote unquote get the baby out water has released us from that job and we get to sit back and watch the baby express its primitive reflexes the the pares reflex the galant reflex the the placing reflex we can see that happening live right in front of us as the baby extends and and reaches I want you to go to the vidm website and watch some of the videos that I asked them to post we can't do videos in this presentation because it takes up too much uh bandwidth so right now I would show you a video showing that baby expressing its pares reflex and extension extension extension and then pushing off into the water and expressing the placing reflex so we have delayed court clamping with every single water birth we don't whisk the baby off into a warming tray or table we leave the baby in the sanctuary we keep the cord attached and I'll talk about that also in just a minute and it becomes a gentle transition from womb to room most hospitals around the world have accepted a very narrow criteria one baby that baby is in a vertex or head down position the mother has completed 36 weeks of gestation and she's in labor the those are your criteria for getting into the water not just active labor but in labor so she has a labor pattern that has increasing frequency and intensity and no visible signs of skin or blood-borne infections this is the narrow criteria now some of you have possibly attended births outside of the hospital and outside of the hospital we still want a healthy woman expecting a low risk pregnancy uh pregnancy experiencing a low risk pregnancy and expecting a low risk birth however variation of normal is breach variation of normal is twin and today a variation of normal is a vaginal birth after cesarean so here we see a photo that was donated by Diane Garland a UK midwife who's written a wonderful book called revisiting water birth and attitude to care and you see the birth of twins in water at home I've participated in twins I've participated in breach and many many vaginal births after cesarean in water so you can look at that and if you're experienced in breach experienced in twins then add water if you're not experienced in those water is not the place to begin what does it take to start water birth in any facility well it's mothers asking for it consumer demand provider support mother friendly facilities to begin with it would be nice if you had a gentle birth program or a low risk maternity unit midwifery care and then water is the best element to include in that evidence-based practice yes there are many papers that you can find on waterbirth.org I can send them to you if you need assistance in in finding research we can send it to you and staff education my my water birth certification course has been accepted by the american college nurse midwives by the spanish nurse midwives by the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists as a means to begin understanding and education and yes I want to shout out from india today and show you some slides from the sanctum birth center with vijaya krishnan um the only certified uh professional midwife in india she's in hydrobot and a few years ago i was there with with vijaya at her clinic and with diane garland as well and i just want to point out that that what do you do okay if i'm not bringing the baby out if i'm not uh doing perennial massage and and perennial pressure and delivering the baby what do i do you are attentive you're observing quietly you're doing what i call masterly in activity you are keenly observing and using all of your senses to support this mother's primal instinctive behaviors you're keeping the distractions at a minimum and keeping the room quiet so that she can focus you're supporting her instincts so that she can unfold in the ways that she needs to do that and the baby can unfold in the ways that he or she needs to do that so i put here singing in labor yes you can even tell what the dilation is by watching the mother's cues by listening to her voice and this pretty this particular woman was chanting om namishna vaya when she's three centimeters she can do the whole chant when she's 10 centimeters she can just say oh and we assist her in catching her own baby having her reach and put her hand in the water and assisting bringing the baby up if she needs our assistance the only thing i ask um mothers to do is stop for a moment as the baby comes out just stop take a breath and look for a cord check for a cord reduce the cord first and then bring the baby up don't be in a hurry babies don't wear watches and they cannot take a breath in the water so what does the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists think about water birth well the 2016 statement was actually going into a different direction which which was better than their 2014 statement and they said the benefits and risks of this option have not been sufficiently studied they want 10 000 population randomized controlled trials and the only place we're going to get that is here in china there's one hospital chowning hospital in shanghai that has actually had 10 000 water births they started a randomized controlled trial in 2005 and abandoned it in 2006 because their first 45 outcomes were all excellent and they didn't want to do a randomized controlled trial we can see that um that it's not necessary to do a randomized controlled trial you can look at your prospective studies and you can look at your retrospective data and get good um statistics from it so in 2014 they were worried that every baby was going to aspirate and we know now that that's not going to be a problem so what do they object to lack of education that's why we're doing this session this morning and not having strict protocols or guidelines and no large prospective studies but we're doing those now so um establish an inclusion criteria an exclusion criteria and start safely attending births in water i wish that i could look at all of your your comments on the side but i'm taking jane's advice and i'm not even looking at that because i'll get distracted so what are our contra indications any pathology any prematurity um although last year in Mexico i did talk to doctors who were attending births of babies that were only 35 weeks gestation or 36 weeks gestation and i said that's great just keep track of it and um and publish your statistics publish your studies because we're going to have the same breathing mechanisms whether a baby is 35 weeks or 34 weeks or or 37 weeks but right now for research purposes we want the narrow criteria so any moderate to severe preeclampsia any maternal fevers just choose your intervention wisely if you're using the water as an intervention such as a borderline hypertensive you can put them in the water monitor their blood pressure and see if it works because it will drop 15 to 20 millimeters of mercury sometimes using water might bring the labor back to normal such as a labor that is stalled out now why does that work because the woman releases her fear she goes into that deeper state of relaxation and she suddenly is producing hormones in her brain more oxytocin more endorphins and she relaxes in the water so i put up a whole bunch of things and contra indications to possibly consider i've seen these on protocols in hospitals in the us in spain in mexico in china and i don't agree with most of them just giving you a minute to read the slide uh thick meconium if it happens at birth as the baby's coming out finish the birth in the water the thing with meconium is washes off however if the water breaks and it's thick meconium and it's your protocol in your hospital um to remove the woman from water then that's a concert indication to consider if they're at any point there are non reassuring fetal heart rates either tachycardia bradycardia or or no variabilities don't stay in the water please come out high body mass index is not a problem it's never going to be a problem if the woman has mobility can she get in can she get out proof of mobility is more important because we don't have to worry about dragging her out bring the bed right beside the tub have her stand up and get on the bed we'll look at that later as well so premature rupture of membranes with prolonged latency there have been studies from sweden that showed that your membranes can be ruptured for three days or more and still have birth in water expected fetal weight greater than 3.5 kilos no no no no no no in some places around the world that's an indication for a cesarean not in my book um average weights of of babies in my previous practice were eight pounds and and eight and a half pounds that would be 3.8 kilos uh not a problem and we already discussed the backs and twins and grandma tips one woman in my practice had her fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh and twelfth baby in water and wouldn't do it any other way so um i'm going to go on but just consider is the contraindication a variation of normal and would water be an assistant water assisted labor can be used almost in every situation so i'm since i'm in china i want to show you a couple of pictures from china this hospital it was their first water birth i've had the privilege and the honor of assisting with many hospitals setting up their practices here and and then coming back a year later and seeing that they've had 1500 1800 2000 water births in one year the hospital where i am today i mentioned when i first started if you just joined us they had their first water birth and here's a picture of it um last year um at the sujo maternity hospital and this baby celebrated her first birthday yesterday she was born on the international day of the midwife and i remember commenting that in the delivery room that day and now she's a beautiful uh one year old i wish i could show you the picture from yesterday's celebration and um here she is from a different angle it's just just incredible and they've had 55 water births um and yesterday they gave me a photo album with pictures of all 55 water babies so i'm just really really thrilled about that um so what does water provide well if we look at this list yes privacy intimacy weightlessness equalized hydrostatic pressure those are all kind of physics terms but what happens to your brain when you experience all those it changes the way your brain works your brain pumps out more oxytocin and more endorphins in every one of those situations so you have a more relaxed mother and when can you get into the water anytime you need relief use water as your friend use water as your first tool and yes if it's early labor she might take a nap she might go to sleep why do we have um a time clock on her anywhere is she in labor or is she not in labor use the water so that you can have some relief in another study done by Vern Katz Dr. Vern Katz a physiologist and neonatologist he found that even one hour in the bath will change her brain function for the next 24 to 48 hours so the average length of time spent in a pool throughout the labor is about four hours so in and out is best and so here you are the the once you set up your program and pick your tub it's easier for the mother it's easier for the husband or partner it's easier for the nurses and the midwives and this is my friend Lonnie Morris a 40-year veteran midwife practicing masterly activity with her knitting and as I said it increases that ecstatic hormonal cocktail that Dr. Sarah Buckley talks about in her absolutely wonderful article on the hormones of birth when you get more oxytocin you get more beta endorphins and then you also get more adrenaline the epinephrine that is necessary for both the mother and the baby to have a good transition from fetus to newborn and I can make the statement that water increases the production of prolactin because of the hormones that that are released from the brain and so therefore breastfeeding is better I'm including a picture donated by Karen flower she's a photographer in doula just look at this woman this surprise I did it from royal hospital in Cairo Egypt and they had the water birth training in Cairo about a year ago and we've certified thousands of doctors around the world so how often are you going to listen to heart tones the American College of Obstetricians and the a1 the association of labor delivery nurses hang on one second while I clear my throat I woke up with a slight sore throat this morning sorry every 30 minutes during the dilation phase every 15 minutes as we get closer to expulsion so expulsion stage passive second stage is 10 centimeters two visible baby hair laboring down and then every five minutes during active expulsion active pushing or after every expulsive or pushing contraction effort begin listening at the end of the contraction and continue for one full minute what you're listening for is an increase in heart rate you're listening for variabilities and leave the water if the heart rate drops in some cases below 100 without an increase between the contractions if you get severe bradycardia please leave the water and monitor appropriately and finish the birth out of the water what's the temperature of the water never higher than 38 or 99 we don't have to warm the water up for the baby the ideal water temperature is matching your skin temperature which is 32 to 35 Celsius or 92 to 95 Fahrenheit keep the woman well hydrated record the temperature of the water if you wish to add that to your research I came into the birth a night before last we had a birth here in China that I facilitated in their brand new LDR suites and I was so happy but I came in back into the hospital at night and they had filled the tub and it was 43 way too hot we don't want the mother to sweat and higher temperatures will cause fetal tachycardia so please shout out to austral all my friends at the university of austral where we did a waterbirth training last year in Buenos Aires and also a shout out to one of the midwives that got certified there Yanina Presta and her hospital in Mendoza thank you for taking the protocols back and establishing waterbirth practice immediately so encourage upright positions in the water different positions help the baby rotate if you need to see the whole if you need to see the perineum stick a mirror under her if you want to ask the mother to check her own progress I love doing that I did that night before last with this mother I ask her and encourage her and Chinese women are very very hesitant to touch themselves and put their fingers in their vagina that this woman did and she checked her own progress and her eyes widened and and I said did you feel the baby and she my interpreter asked her in Chinese and and she shook her head yes and and the smile came across her face because she knew what she was doing was effective and it was working and she knew that the baby would be in her arms and just a few more pushes and it changed her behavior in the tub when she connected so use use that as a technique sometimes if you're not checking for a cord you're not going to check on the perineum you are going to check after the baby's in the water 1001 1002 and then unravel and broken cords and torn cords come most often from lifting the baby too quickly out of the water don't be in a hurry allow that the baby to unravel and have patience I know we're going to cover a lot of topics in a short amount of time so I want to go on to newborn breathing but before I do I want to have you think about what happens if the baby has an intact sac the night before last here in Suzhou the her membranes never ruptured the baby came out into the water in an intact sac so I couldn't check for a cord I actually lifted the baby up and then tore the sac off the baby so the baby never touched the water that it was born into I lifted the sac off the baby as it was being lifted out of the water so an intact sac is indeed the original water birth just think about it for a moment and now let's talk about what keeps the baby safe so there are four protective mechanisms I'm only going to talk about three that keep the baby safe and will not allow the baby to take a breath the first one is a decrease in the fetal breathing movement I'm going to explain each one there's also a high pulmonary vascular resistance in the lungs and every single baby that's born on the planet starts out life with hypoxia initial hypoxia low oxygen levels and I'm going to talk about each one individually so fetal breathing movements happen from 10 weeks of gestation the the fetus is practicing breathing it's not breathing it's practicing moving the muscles so that it will set up a neurological connection in its brain so that when it is born the respiratory centers of the brain are stimulated by a shift in oxygen content in the blood and that oxygen content shift comes from the placenta so we'll talk about the placenta's job in just a moment but prior to birth those fetal breathing movements slow down and they stop in labor we don't want the intercostal muscles the diaphragm moving for either a breech baby or a water baby think about the breech hanging with the head in and the body exposed and out the baby cannot choke in the entroitus the baby cannot move the muscles that would stimulate a gasp they are frozen until respiration begins on the outside of the womb out the outside of the birth pool at the outside of the of the bag of waters mild hypoxia is normal it causes a bradycardia in second stage as the baby's born on the bed it's slightly apnick it's it's apnick it's not going to take a breath however the bradycardia and the apnea the baby has to swallow first and swallowing is the very first reflex before respiration begins and swallowing can get all those fluids from the baby's oral pharynx into the baby's gut where it needs to jump start the microbiome so look at this baby this picture came from one of the clients of gloria lemay a longtime midwife in vancouver bc and when she sent it the mother sent it to me she said welcome my little alien what the baby's doing is swallowing just think lucy lemon lips it's swallowing you're going to see that on every single baby on the planet just don't put a hat on the baby the hat might get wet in the water and and there there's no need to have a hat when the when the baby is in the sanctuary and the sanctuary of the mother's chest so the the second one so we've looked at at the intercostal muscles stopping we've looked at the swallowing reflex and now pulmonary resistance there's a low arterial and pulmonary artery pressure caused by low circulating blood volume in the uterus in the womb only 8% of the cardiac volume goes out to the lungs the rest gets circulated through the the placenta so this creates a pulmonary resistance and every single of the lr space is filled with fluid and the presence of that lung food is an important inhibitor now remember that amniotic fluid is actually produced in the kidneys and the lungs and that lung fluid has to leave those spaces 50 million aviolar spaces in the newborn lung it has to leave before respiration can even begin and so we know that every single cell is inflated by extra blood that comes from the placenta and it opens up the cell it sucks out basically it it allows the fluid to leave the cell and go into that network of capillaries and as judith mercer put in her article which i posted on idm i want you to read judith mercer's article on neonatal physiology of the newborn the establishment of neonatal respiration is based on the adequate flow of blood into the lung bed into the lung bed so you need perfusion before ventilation can even happen and that's why we must leave the cord impact on every single baby on the planet not just water birth but every baby the baby has a two to three minute head start literally the head is down the breach baby and the water baby have a delay because the face and that's what we're going to look at next what what causes the inspiration the trigeminal nerve or the fifth cranial nerve around the nose and the mouth on the face interpret the presence of gravity two kilos per square millimeter it interprets the the presence of atmospheric oxygen carbon dioxide nitric oxide nitrogen it says hello baby you're on planet earth change the ph of your cerebral spinal fluid which is going to send a signal to the brain to close the the shunts in the heart and blood is going to pull pour into the lungs remember eight percent cardiac output going to the lungs prenatally now we require 55 percent and the only place that the baby is going to get that much blood is from the placenta so once pulmonary circulation begins those lung cells are recruited via the capillary erections and the pulmonary fetal fluid is sucked out or resorbed and that fluid contains all kinds of chemicals that now increases the blood volume by 20 percent and is going to maintain the the the cardiac system and the pulmonary system it's just such a perfect perfect anatomy that was designed and what isn't taken out by this lung exchange is affected by the lymphatic system over the next 72 hours and stimulated by breast crawl skin to skin and self attachment breastfeeding as the baby sucks it's actually taking fluids out of its lungs this is absolutely amazing and and is another reason why we need to leave the baby alone so delayed cord clamping means extra lung perfusion babies born in water and breach babies need more time to establish good perfusion the transfer of blood from the placenta to the baby begins during second stage airborne babies have a two to three minute head start okay and water babies and breach babies have a lower apcar in one minute at one minute but they always have a better apcar at five minutes so this was the most important part of what we need to look at when we're taking care of women in water so wait for white and the ideal is placental you can deliver the placenta in the water but the next best is to wait a minimum of three minutes and yes this baby says I have to swallow before I can breathe remember that and the next baby says I need to put 55 percent of my blood in my lungs before I can take a breath so please give me time to do that and as we're looking at neonatal transition vigorous babies do not need suctioning they don't need stimulation they don't need hats or wrapped up in blankets and they certainly don't need cord clamping so practice keen observation and please respect the baby's ability to transition from womb to room in his own way and in his own time you can tell if you have a good baby or not and we've got an adjusted apcar scoring that that takes into consideration the swimming movements that babies make and if you see a swimming baby on expulsion in the water you've got a good baby to start with if you have a heart rate that's higher than 100 you've got a good baby to start with they might be a little slow coming up to establishing regular respirations but but yes we sing perfusion perfusion every baby needs perfusion leave the cord alone let the baby get all the blood it needs and then you'll have an apcar of 12 if so midwife training in Spain this year I'm going to be in Madrid and Tarragona in just a few weeks so join us if you haven't signed up already and look at the heart rate look at the presence of breast sounds put your stethoscope on listen if the baby's not crying they don't cry a lot in the sanctuary but check for graduating color and are the eyes open and blinking and just relax don't panic give that baby that extra minute severely hypoxic babies are going to be in trouble in utero we don't birth those babies in water and just a couple of other things yes we can deliver the placenta in water just look at her picture this was 20 minutes after birth and that's pretty much how it goes three to four contractions placenta is out the night before last the the placenta dropped out onto the floor of the tub conception chili I'll be back in in Chile in November Barbara we do have to finish in the next 20 minutes so you can take some questions sorry okay super super super research we have plenty of research absolutely we're we're almost done and I'm just going to slide through right these and just one that I want to point out was the midwives alliance of North America 35 percent of the out-of-hospital births were in water it's a low risk low intervention birth happening and the UK accepted waterbirth early on and it's everywhere how can you tell if a woman has bled in the water the color of the water if it's merlot that's a postpartum hemorrhage so this is just phenomenal I want to just get back to here we go one more slide reflexes reflexes and behavior let the baby move down never go in to rescue a baby have the mother stand up and get onto the bed and if in doubt move the mother if you if you want the baby to move move the mother change the shape of the pelvis you'll find more information on my website about doing this with the water and and join one of my certification classes we do teach them online and the next online certification is in July so um proposal position one knee down one foot down mother guided she knows when to push she knows her body she lifts the baby up and off we go eye to eye wires the baby's brain so think about what interventions you're using and how much hands-on you practice currently and yes the perineum can be intact as above so below let her sing the baby out ah a tight jaw is a tight perineum a relaxed jaw is a relaxed perineum so and I just want to reassure you that we don't see infections and you can bring the baby out or the mother out by lifting her with an emergency um an emergency lift and they're available from all over the world and you can see how to get them on my website we don't sell them but I think water birth solutions does so thank you thank you thank you I know that that was fast in the end and um um they there are all kinds of things that I know you're talking about I have ignored you completely on the other side um so let's have some questions and um and uh we'll we'll take this next few minutes uh to uh to answer those so Jane take it away thank you so much Barbara that was so inspiring uh for a first kickoff um we actually uh we don't really have a lot of time because we actually have to go over to the uh the other room because we have uh the next talk I'll just see if there's a quick talk but everyone's saying thanks to you we've got the recording would you be okay uh I think your powerpoint will be on the website but you're you're good with uh folks contacting you Barbara if you'd like to say your your uh information again I will type it in the public chat if you'd like to see your contact information um uh Barbara at waterbirth.org um my website is waterbirth.org and um uh I'm on uh WeChat um oh WeChat is from China and um my um uh my um um WhatsApp is my phone number and I'm putting that in right now seven nine seven five there we go so um uh you can contact me on


All the successful people in the world are fascinated by the scripts, the scripts which mesmerize people and lead them all the way to their lifelong passion. The scripts could be about any subject and of any type. Calligraphy is a type of beautiful handwriting which leads the calligrapher through the curvy road of art and enables them to endorse their passion for writing. With all that being said, we will now introduce you to a 35-year-old, well-known artist who resides in the holy city of Mashhad, the calligrapher Mohsen Ibadih. My name is Mohsen Ibadih, and I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. It was the first time that God chose me to be one of the best calligrapher in the world. For the last few years, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 100 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. During my stay in the Arab world, I have been working as a calligrapher for the last 10 years. He was once a student taught by great art masters and Mohsen Ibaddi is one of such people. He emphasizes that the first key factor to become a great artist is the consuming passion that drives you all the way. And also the reason his passion was magnified is the sight of the holy shrine of the Sultan Imam Ali bin Muser Rida, peace be upon him. Passion has a hold on people and lie tints their path and more importantly helps them to blossom out and shine. This point for Mohsen Ibaddi was meeting with his master, Abdus Samadhi. He is a great artist. I remember the first time I attended his service. It was a free month. Even the fans who come to see how the weather is and what the weather is like. I remember that one of my services was to give a speech from the journalist Sadah alaihi salam about a young artist named Fabki Lil Hussain Ibn Ali, peace be upon him. He was the first one to come to see me and I was also a calligrapher. God forbid, a person without a line, a talent and a master, will not be able to get to the end of the stage. If they don't get to the end of the stage, they will lose their minds. Following the righteous path set by Allah Almighty, through the authority who were appointed by him, lightens the path which leads us all the way to the ultimate goal. Master Samadhi is one of the latrines which lightened the way on which Mr Ibaddi was walking. There is more to this calligrapher than meets the eyes. Because not only is he trying to learn different scripts, but also he wants to gain the morals, characteristics that good people possess, which is an invaluable lesson for one to learn in this life. With that being said, Ibaddi considers its a duty to follow such role models and learn the teachings that they have to offer. For only such lessons could help us reach the highest levels of knowledge and submit to the greater Creator who created the scripts. Many a number are those who claim that spirituality has touched their lives and affected their health and wealth, but we can hardly find this in their legacies and artworks. Musa Ibaddi believes that he owes all of his success to the blessing of the infallible Imams. I know my own message that the path that I have shown to master is to go. I have a duty to look at, not to do anything. Now everyone has a degree of excellence. I look at everything, not myself, nor any of my friends and relatives. I have not seen anything like this before. For example, I have noticed that at a certain point in my life, I have learned a lot from this point of view. Finally, I have learned this lesson. I have learned this lesson. I have learned this lesson. I have learned this lesson. I have learned this lesson. I have learned this lesson. Although Mr. Ibaari is still young and lacks experience, but we can witness his success, each as he puts it, is due to the blessing of the imams. Allah's blessings and peace be upon them all. This calligrapher has achieved numerous rewards and been nominated many times in 44 national and international contests, including Talian Zuhair festival in the holy city of Qum, Ghadir festival in Tabriz, Arrazafi festival in holy city of Mashin, Iran. He also was given a first degree art certificate which equals a PhD certificate in art. These are only some of the many certificates Mr. Ibaari has earned. Mr. Ibaari has taught calligraphy for more than a decade to students in different fields including graphic, in addition writing all of the holy Quran, designing the script for the writing on the entrance gate of the two holy shrines of Imam Musa, Caldum and Imam Al-Jawad, peace be upon them both. Writing the 30th chapter of the holy Quran in various scripts, a writing Malik Ashtar treaty, Fedek Sermon and Ghadir Sermon and among his master's words. In 2009, I went to the Andonezi country in 2008 and 2009, I attended the National Museum of Arts in Turkey in 2010 and I attended the University of Yusit-i-Keyptan in South Africa in 2011. One of my lessons was the analysis of the holy Quran, the physical analysis of the holy Quran and the works of the Hindu monks and the holy Quran in the University of Yusit-i-Keyptan. I was very proud of it. In the book of Khotbe, Fedek Sermon and Ghadir Sermon were very interesting for me. I always thought that Khotbe Fedek is a means of finding the truth. When I was reading the words of Zahra Salaam-ul-Aliyyah, I noticed that an important part of the book of Salaam-ul-Aliyyah is the wisdom and wisdom of Salaam-ul-Aliyyah. If the blood is shed, if the crime is committed, if the nation is taken into account, if it is committed to a historical cause, then it will be a crime, it will be a crime. Therefore, there are differences and there is a difference. And they didn't have a single piece of paper that could help them get to the point of resistance. And it was very interesting for me that Fadaki himself had a lot of wisdom. He had so many secrets that we could close them to work and improve our lives day by day. One of the things that I have been doing is the power of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and peace be upon him. He is the leader of his own people. And he is the leader of the Prophet, peace be upon him. He is the leader of the Muslims. And he is the leader of the Prophet, peace be upon him, for this important matter. He came to the point where he could be the leader of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and be the leader of the religion and the blessings of his people. They say that being in the process of delivering their message, there is a person who decides to do as he is advised to do. And a Muslim who really wants to live and live in a lower place, to raise and grow up in a higher place. And a Muslim, who has come from a certain world, has a protocol of Islam in his own life.  It is a place where all the moral, intellectual, and meaningful people make up their minds. It is a place of indifference and indifference. This is the last word. This is the point of conclusion. It is a place of indifference and indifference. It is not a place of indifference and indifference, it is a place of indifference and indifference. It is a place of indifference and indifference. This book has amazing effects on me. When I read it and read it hundreds and hundreds of times, I felt that each of us is at least our own personal life. It is difficult for those who consider calligraphy as an unimportant skill to comprehend the impact of scripture on a calligrapher's life. However, when Mohseni Badi reads Malik Ashtar treaty, Pharek or Gadir sermons, he could literally feel and believe the nominal events which are hidden beneath these scripts. If this calligraphy work helped to comprehend the advices of Lady Fatima, the daughter of the prophet of his land, help us realize that every single one of us could be in the governor's shoes. Such in the case of Malik Ashtar learned to carry the huge burden of fulfilling the duties on our shoulders or fathom the guidelines of Prophet Muhammad and his household peace be upon them all. To all mankind in a lady or sermon, then it's safe to say that calligraphy is an invaluable artwork. The work that is being done in this place and you and I have been in books for a long time might not be a good thing. It's a responsibility. When this work wants to go to the cause, the head of Imam Musa Kulzam, Alaih Salam Wazat Javad Al Aimeh, Alaih Salam Gharar, takes it and if it doesn't do the right thing, and the pleasure of it becomes the source, then this work will be taken away from the burden of my life. They thought that in the future, or in the future, they would be able to take away the burden of my life. But in the end, what we had in mind was that in fact, Imam Musa Al Aimeh, Alaih Salam, was the father of his great-grandfather and his son. The owner of this work was himself from Alaih Salam. He came from Iraq, but I think it's the source of his work, especially from Alaih Salam. When I went to the mosque in the evening, I was disappointed. I was told that in the end, it's our responsibility. The people, the choice, everything is yours. But for me, it's important to me whether or not I've been chosen for this work, whether or not I've become a leader, whether or not I've become a leader, or whether or not I've become a leader, it's important to me that I don't have time to say the last word for me. And if you've been disappointed that you are willing to be a leader and if you are saying that you are willing to be a leader and you are ready to be a leader for me, and it was a miracle that I was able to achieve this. It was a miracle that I was able to achieve this. It was a miracle that I was able to achieve this. Because I was actually ready for it. So at least for two weeks I wanted to achieve this. So that I could be ready for any problems and problems. So that in the worst case scenario, I would have to find out about my family and my friends. I don't have any idea. I didn't know them. I didn't even know them. They came and I was in a classroom. Some of the students were born in the classroom. Some of the students were brought to the classroom. Some of the students were brought to the classroom. Some of the students were brought to the classroom. Without any progress. They told me they had gone to your classroom. I went to the classroom. I looked at the first floor and saw that the first class student in the classroom was not there. When you lose your heart to someone, you will be mesmerized by them. The same goes for the calligrapher who is under enormous amount of pressure to fulfill his difficult task. There is nothing more beautiful than following the path which leads to success and a set by your beloved ones. The story of such lovers sets an example in unconditional love and mystery. It is our duty as people to find such unbreakable bonds when we pass the holy shrine of Imam Al-Kalvin, peace be upon him, and then to spread the stories we hear from the calligraphy lovers. I see myself as a fan of God's grace. I see myself as a fan of God's grace. I see myself as a fan of God's grace. But the calligraphy is too much. If we look at it from the second to the fourth, there must have been a magnetic field in this area. It is something that is outside of our moral sense. Everything that is outside of our moral sense cannot be. It is just that. And if we say, I am the teacher, I am the teacher. In all the lands, I am the leader. In all the lands, I am the master. I am the master of all the lands. I am the master of all the lands. I am the master of all the lands. The Islamic art of the calligraphy is not separated from the people. It cannot be considered. We cannot separate from the art of the calligraphy from the people of the calligraphy, as well as from the calligraphy and the calligraphy. I want to start with the first question. This is the most important and most important thing that cannot be taken from us. Because you are free to move on. Every time you want, you can connect. Every time you want, you can… make a wish. You can give it in return. You can make a wish. You can make a wish. You can make a wish. In the end, I think, that is the most important thing. If the earth were two distance from the sun, there is no doubt. There is no doubt it will wallow in darkness and disappears. Thus, it makes sense that all mystery baddie ones is to remain within the magnetic field of the shrine of the eighth divine light. I can prove the great and great security of my shrine but I cannot do anything about it. And what I have said is, our culture is not separated from the shrine of the people. It is separated from the existence of the shrine of the people. This is what I want to point out. I want to point out that the security of the shrine should be at the end of the work. I believe that if there is no love, whether it is work, research, or goals, if it does not fall in love, it should be put to rest. If there is a goal of loving, if it is technical, if it is specific, if it is effective, then it should be put to rest. My advice is that if there is a need for love, it should be put to rest. It should be at the end of the work. What should be done at the end of the work? It should be done completely. What is complete? It is something that we are sure that we are fully aware of. And if we want to go to that scene, it should be at the end of the work.


Yes, we're here, Meredith Barakavitz and Paul O'Neill. Paul, it's been a while since I've seen you. How are you doing, my friend? All is well in our circle. You, everything going well? Can't complain, staying inside, trying to do my part, social distancing, if I have to go outside. Now- Polishing all your trophies I see behind you? Well, where are your trophies? You have a lot more than I do. Look, we keep them up north. I don't have anything down here. I'm gonna have to start shipping them down.  It changes by the day. I've cleaned the shower, which I broke. I have vacuumed, which I found in the guana. So every day, something's different. It has brought about things why I don't like to do housework.  Since you broke the shower, do you then have to fix the shower? Well, I tried, but that didn't work either. So when this is all over, we'll get somebody that knows what they're doing. And what I have become good about now is dinner. I'm a good griller now. I used to be the world's worst. I don't know if it was intentional or unintentional, but now that's a big part of the day when the kids come over and we have dinner. So that's my big thing right now. Are you enjoying the cooking? Is it therapeutic for you to be able to provide a nice meal for the family?  I mean, that's always been one of my favorite times of the day. I think that I was born in the wrong culture because other cultures really live around their dinners. And that's what we do now. I mean, when you wake up in your own schedule, you work out, you do this, you do this, and you start looking forward to when can we start dinner? And basically that's where we are right now. What's a Paul O'Neill specialty? Recently, I've had swordfish tacos. I've had fajitas with tenderloin, chicken to staple, right?  It was kind of a flop, but a couple of the other things were really good. Wow, now are you watching YouTube tutorials following recipes? How are you coming up with this stuff? Nah, I just kind of mix or match and hope things work out. I mean, you know, when you're cooking for your kids, if it doesn't work out, they don't say anything anyways. There you go. I had some condo or home repairs, whatever you'd like to call them, to address the other day as well. I thought my freezer was breaking. Would you believe that I found a way to fix it? Wow, you know what? With all the food that's delivered and everything that you have to have, that could be a major catastrophe. Freezers, air conditioning, things like that. Those are the things you go to bed worrying about right now. I'll have to send you the video. It was pretty intense, but I made it work after about three YouTube tutorials. So we got it done. If my refrigerator blows up, you'll have to make a trip across the state, all right? Drive over and get it done for you. So what else have you been up to, Paul? You know what? I've taken up yoga a little bit. I do that out by the pool sometimes at night. Like I said, I'm a professional housekeeper now. I'm a cook.  I'm fortunate enough on my son, has a workout in his garage. A whole CrossFit rig thing. So that's basically our day. The schedule doesn't change much from day to day. Was your yoga inspired not only because you are stuck at home, but did you get an itch for it? When we did that promo with yoga years back? You know what? The other day we got in, we ended it with the warrior pose. I'm like, haven't I done this before? So yeah, I was brought on by that, but I get through the classes. Not only did you do it, but you did it for like two hours. They made you hold that pose. We had to fly to New York to do yoga that day, if you recall. Very bright and early. Yeah, that was a good one now. You know, like so many people, we realized that this is bigger than baseball, but we're still missing baseball. What are you missing most about Yankees baseball right now? I mean, it's not being in New York. You know, you hear the talk of the Yankees, but when you're there during the season, you know, when you get up in the morning, put in the store, this or that, people are talking about the game before, the night before, who's playing well, who's not playing well, what are the Yankees gonna do? It's kind of like the conversation of the day. And I guess I just miss the everyday talk of the New Yorkers on how worried they are, or how excited they are about what the Yankees are doing.


Hey man is it a good idea to date in high school? You know romantic relationships take a lot of work and can be really challenging in the first place but when you add in the immaturity that comes in with being a teen and trying to figure out your life at that point it can be really complicated. What's your motivation for dating as a teenager? I don't know I guess I want to get good at being in a relationship? Okay I get that but think about this could you not learn how to be a good gentleman to women and learn those kind of relationship skills of listening well and communicating within the friend context? I mean yeah but I do want to get married one day like maybe this girl could be my wife. No I get that but if you're a young teen you're not in a place to even be considering marriage. I often see teens jumping into relationships just because that's what they think they should do they should have their first kiss they should have their first relationship in high school but I just want to let you know you don't have to do that. You can wait for the person that God wants you to be with that's not going to hold you back spiritually that's actually going to push you forward.


Everybody forced here rip in 2023 Star Wars six series 20 bucks case number 34 random hit style 20 hits 20 spots will type them in as we go to the random at the end to see who's getting what good luck everybody Let's see what is in here see some one-to-ones. I told Donnie. I'd pull a one-to-one out of here So and if I don't I'll just find a picture of a one-on-one online and send it to him. I pulled it I Not sure clean sweep Eddie. I don't know about that But I don't it doesn't look like they can lose What do you think Eddie you think clean sweep? You guys should go like like the rainbow like Robin did First episode twilec major domo They saw to hear David Pascuise twilec major domo next up base auto of Rio Durant's Katie Cartwheel Rio Durant It's a related to Kevin.  Okay, everybody. Yeah, you can refer that Maybe they'll do it t0 b1 Jaden Waldman, I don't t0 b1. Yeah, not nice to look good Well to see game three will be the tell if they win game three. It's asleep, but That's the Panthers like they gotta come out and like fight that game big time Luminara unduly auto Olivia Diabo is Luminara unduly Corin trawler on the base auto Corin trawler Demetrius Bistrovsky for that Matthew steak house and our garden tomorrow. Oh really? Yeah Never been Ezra Bridger base auto Taylor Gray Ezra Bridger hopefully it's fire It's literally reservation I don't know really one of the website. I'll let me go check it out It's like reservation like that Mayor a mock shies John Rosengrant is mayor mock shies Don't see that one very often mayor mock shines Next up is lovey auto lovey Lily Cole. We need some number heads. You probably got some numbered heads coming up You've seen any yet Evan peel auto Evan peels Michaela Cottrell first numbered auto. It's a trio two tubes 20 of 25 Edgerio two tubes 20 of 25 It's Dave accord is edgerio two tubes for LOM five of five For LOM five of five Chris Parsons tally lintra base auto tally lintra Hermione corefield Lyra or so feline Kane as Lyra or so Grand Moff Tarkin guy Henry is Grand Moff Tarkin Cursantin looks like fortnight right there Cursantin. That's a Carrie Jones auto Cursantin Literally, I'll never change so I'll only be Cursantin all the time. It might be it might look like that 88 Matt Berry 88 Yeah, I think the hitbox is like the same but it's like I don't like I don't know it's something more comfortable to aim at I think 88 Matt Berry, that's that guy's the goat right there 88. Hope you get it right God Pamich Nero good face auto crystal Clark Pamich Nero good It's a bead auto Six of 50 bead Scott caporo. It's tough one too Sefton Vanick 12 of 50 Joseph Alton a Sefton Vanick last hit Last auto last car is zero Zero auto Chris Bartlett. Nothing too crazy in the case still some nice cards to be had here Let's go ahead and run the random Good luck everybody names and hit same amount of times. We'll put them side-by-side to see who's got what say six three and three names first one two three four five and Six Nathan a down to Sean D and the hit six times as well one two three four five and six Tally Lentra down to Ezra Bridger Nathan a Tally Lentra on wire has the core and trawler Jonathan D. Grand Moff Tarkin Chris s zero Jonathan D. Pamich Nero Good Jason a Lara Urso Tommy W with t0 b1 and Sefton Vanick Jean-Lucas relic major Domo Kirk B. Evan peel Jean-Lucas Cursantin Justin s8d8 Jason G. Ezrio to tube to 25 Jonathan D. Lovey Bob a Rio Durant Andrew F. Mayor Mock Shies Jonathan D. Luminar unduly Felix N with four LOM to five Jason are with bead to 50 and Sean D with Ezra Bridger the results posted to the site and we will Get on the personless


Hey, it's Anfa and this is a little newsflash Lifestream as you might have heard audacity has been recently acquired by a new company called Muse group and the youtuber named Oh, what's his name? Tantacrule Has made a video where with a thumbnail saying I have just joined audacity What I think really should be the title is my company just bought audacity He's previously also joined the Previously as previously like I know it was two years ago two years ago where he Started working with Muse score developers to help Push the software forward I believe they're proposed him to join them when he made a video criticizing new score and showing what the bad things and the Good things about new scores these are interface and now it's audacity and When I saw that I was pretty excited and a lot of people were and but then something weird happened And that is on audacity's github project. There is a new pure pull request titled basic telemetry for the audacity and It was opened four days ago and it has 926 comments and When I saw that I thought well that sounds like a bad joke and Yeah, the current state of this appear request is like it has been changed some a few times because of the replies Because the replies and the reaction of the community was pretty Violent and I think that's to be expected So right now they say dear all due to the large amount of worry about this PR which we completely understand We want to clarify exactly what is going on telemetry is strictly optional and disabled by default No data is shared unless you choose to opt in and enable telemetry Telemetry only works in the builds made by github cl from the official repo repo The telemetry URLs are only defined there if you are compiling audacity from source We will provide a CMake option to enable the telemetry code. This option will be turned off by default That sounds pretty okay, but let's say you want to enable telemetry Because you want to help Them identify what options in audacity what functions are used the most and you want them to be able to use that information to make audacity better Then your data will be sent to Google and the index because they're using Google analytics So blah blah blah Regarding the concerns about the choice of providers we do not incorporate cross-site tracking limiting the ability to identify the user uh By both both Google and the index the index will only receive the application opened event to help us estimate the size of the user base Google would only received only only just this session start and end events Errors for debugging file formats used for import and export OS and audacity versions and the use of effects Generators and analysis tools to prioritize future improvements pretty much anything you click on audacity except for editing And like you know changing volumes of tracks is gonna be sent to Google We will consider replacing Google any index with another service if we find that one that fulfills all our requirements Thanks for the suggestions and keep them coming. Yes, there's been a lot of Suggestions from the community to use different providers for such stuff Because there are Truly open-source ways to do telemetry, but Google analytics and the index are not one of them Just to reiterate telemetry is completely optional, of course it is optional But then if we want to use if we want to help audacity grow then we We are feeding the Google behemoth with the data because their business is just knowing stuff about people and that's like You like Google already knows too much about it. So also There's also there but you know that it's not just the problem that they are like originally want to use Google Analytics and Yandex. There's also technical problems, which I don't fully understand because I'm not a programmer But technical people has rights concerns about that they are using like they're not gonna be using the system provided version of Libcurl and they're gonna be providing their own version of Libcurl Why I don't know they explain this to address the concerns about the use of private library versions The largest part of this poll request is a networking layer built on top of Libcurl This library is chosen as it is an industry standard for cross-platform networking is exceptionally tested and revived be interviewed by industry experts Later on top of it aka a Lib network manager means meant to simplify the development of future Features Libcurl is used without any patches It's possible to use the self-system provided version of the library available in distributions and we will double-check if this works as expected Double-check that this works as expected Original PR description. So this is what they posted This provides basic telemetry basic to me. That's this is basic My definition of basic telemetry is oh someone run at our application. Oh it crashed That's a basic telemetry in my book and but To them pretty much clicking on anything is is considered to be basic stuff So I don't know what what is detailed telemetry by These standards Blah blah blah. Yeah, and you can see the sum up summary is pretty pretty simple here It's 3,200 downvotes on this PR Like I I'm really not surprised that the community is very concerned about this and I am very concerned about this myself Young Bernhardt comments, but Google is professional for analytics tools. Okay, maybe it is but they are they have bought a Free and open source project and they claimed to be keeping it open source free and open source and They need to follow like the spirit of free and open source software and the community of people using audacity Don't think Google is a good Tool to do your analytics in free and open source software and yet might have Convenience tools and I'm sure I'm sure they did this out of convenience and not of like Having any you know, it's not like Google is paying them to provide you information. I was ridiculous. Google is not the Google is just paying people with providing free services so they feed it with its data and I feed Google with my data to it unfortunately But I don't want to be feeding Google any data when I'm using free and open source software. I'm like, yeah Blah blah blah for hours ago. No, these are pretty new four days ago. Basically, there's an anemormous Wow, have you been cleaned up? I don't see all of the comments. That's pretty weird There's been a lot of comments That's pretty weird There's been a lot of comments and some very very nasty ones, which I don't think is like Like wishing people death over this is really a stupid But yeah, I Trust that news group is going to reconsider their choices of implementing this and Find the ways that the free and open source community will approve But they may not They can do whatever they want if they don't Figure out ways to do this the right way Respecting people's choice to use a Providers like Google and Yandex then What's gonna happen is audacity will be forked and people like me and are people who are Concerned about this and want to use free and open source software without Telling Google about it every time you you type in farts on your keyboard Are gonna use that version the problem is that I think realistically They may not give it Give they may not be very concerned because we as the open source community are probably a little very small part of the Audacity's user base. I think Audacity is being used by millions of people and probably like 10% of them even know what free and open source software means And I think the new audacity maintainers don't really know Like the real question that emerges from all of this is does news group even understand what the free software movement is all about and I hope the answer is not yet because if the answer is yes, then after that, yes We need to add but they don't give a shit Well, yeah, I really hope we can resolve this in a In a peaceful manner that That the new audacity maintainers from news group can review their choices and implement this telemetry in a Sane and free and open source friendly way Because I would like to use audacity and I would like to help them improve it and I'm excited to see what they're gonna Do with it or I was excited to see what they're gonna do with it Because it's users and its user interface is admittedly clunky and of course it is simple But also there's a lot that could be done to make it better Yet if the first thing they want to do is make me tell Google every time I'll run audacity actually no Yandex then Not really. Okay, and even it. Yeah, it is opt-in, but I Like do I really want To run software that that's gonna Phone Google when when I want to help the developers. No, I don't I Really hope we can resolve this and that the news group developers are going to figure this out and Use some tools that care like that they can host themselves and yeah, maybe it's not gonna be as convenient But this is a free and open source project and people expect some some like standard of respecting like people's privacy and They are we are a bit a Bit paranoid about huge data-eating corporations like Google and Most of us are trying to limit the amount of data we feed to Google not increase that amount of data And sure we might say that well, this is not gonna have too much impact because for every 1% of people who are aware that this is a problem There's 99% people who don't know it as a problem and don't care. So it's not gonna change anything but You know every change starts with something small. So I think it is worth paying attention to this and The wrong news group Yeah, if you have the time and want to have some fun, I don't know or like learn more about this You may go to audacity's GitHub repository into pull requests and read into that So maybe refrain from commenting anymore because there's already way too much stuff here and I think And I think Everything that has been said in this should should have been said in this Fred already has been said Even so people are commenting every hour still Even though it's been four days. Oh Yeah, also, I'm gonna I think I'm gonna read some chat and Answer some questions if I can did it because Yeah, they probably did it because just because it was easy to do. Yeah, I fully I fully agree I think they just did it because it was convenient but the thing is that if you are into free and opens our software if you're running Linux if you are into Privacy and you understand the the dangers of Tracking users everywhere and advertisers knowing about you more than your spouse or or mother then Doing something like this is a huge red flag and to me the fact that they push publish this pull request Pull request, which means hey, here's code. Just click. Okay, and we're gonna merge it and it goes in into the next build shows that they Don't really have the mindset of a free and open source project which is worrying because They like tranta cruel in his video tantra cruel I tranta. I don't know. Sorry sorry for miss mispronouncing your your nickname Stated that I like they stated that this project will stay free and open source and they're gonna work on Ways to improve it for everyone But this is strictly Opposed to the free and open source way of doing things which is like what like You put Google tracking in free and open source software and you think that's gonna be just fine with us So yeah, some people in the comments Which I've been reading before mentioned that this should be just published on a wiki article in the Google or like it should be published as a as a proposal and it should be discussed with the community how it's going to be implemented and all the other stuff but It was just a pull request. So as it's it now, we don't know what's gonna happen with this. Maybe they'll back off and rework this I hope they will But who knows Looks like young bernard has a lot of a lot of interesting points So he says advanced telemetry is mouse tracking click heatmap media metadata full hardware configuration alright, okay Yeah, that's just full-on surveillance and I think doing something like that on like regular users without like Very very explicit Explanation on what the program is going to do is Fucking crazy and like doing stuff like that In my opinion is only Acceptable if you're basically hiring testers and you're telling them, okay, we're gonna be tracking all your mouse clicks and what you do and Everything and that's okay in this environment, but like If you say like just put a window. Hey, do you want to send anonymous data?  This is probably gonna this may turn into a PR crisis for them. So I don't know what's more expensive like $5 a month is probably bias rent them enough VPS power to do this Maybe $20 a month. So I don't think it's really a point. The point is convenience. I think they did this out of convenience and Yep, doing things the right way is less convenient always But it doesn't matter Young Bernard says heat map is a really useful data for example to see where people click to make a better interface Oh, yeah, that's great. But to do this Like I think something. Yeah, I think so they could do something like that But first thing it would be it would need to be a special build Which is like marked. This is a Heatmap testing build if you want to help us download this and will track every click you make and also not send it for Google and Then I'm okay. I'm okay. I could even use that build and help them do it just Be memorable asks what did I miss you can replay?  I've been using peer tube a bit. It's not ready. So and that's kind of not the point because You know, I have joined this platform here YouTube Knowing what I'm putting myself into and I have to take this and I'm taking this Because it's a platform that lets me talk to people and lets me spread the information about free and open source software While I wait for free and open source alternatives to match the feature Standard and allow me to provide a Sensible alternative and yeah, I've been doing some tests on open source platforms Namely peer tube peer tube isn't really yet ready yet for live streaming, but there are some other ways like I Don't know There's a bunch of them I haven't tested much but there's options and you know that the argument that but you're using Google anyway is Isn't valid because I I do this like This is a conscious choice on my side and everyone who came here Also made a conscious choice to create an account on YouTube knowing it's owned by Google And they know that they are being tracked here Everything we do here is tracked and we are feeding Google But when you run a piece of free and open source software, you do not expect to be feeding Google And that is not okay because they're not telling you that this data is being sent to Google in the dialogue proposed here, they's like Right like I've seen programs that do this kind of stuff open source program does do the kind of stuff and What is the right thing to do is? Mmm, I think or one way to do is that the program creates Opens up a website Creating a github ticket for example or a forum thread and it fills out some data I'd collected in your system for you and you can review exactly every single bit of that information before you post it So it's fully transparent and there is no third party involved. It's just you the platform that the developers used to host and develop their software or discuss their development and the developers and not Some Google or Yandex server in the middle that you are not aware of Like I'm okay with using Google, but when I'm aware of it I'm not okay with Google being utilized inside of free and open source software that I use and I have no idea for examples, I maybe it's not relevant but Ardor the digital audio workstation that I use and I teach Sometime ago has added a set of proprietary plugins developed by Harrison Who are creating a? mmm a DAW called Harrison mix bus which is based on Ardor But they have their proprietary DSP inside and a different mixer interface that emulates their analog consoles and they've been very Nice and provided some proprietary plugins that they use in their DAW Mix bus so it can be used in Ardor as well But these plugins are not open source So in their binary code in practice like there could be anything they could be tracking me if if around these plugins I have no idea. That's why I have been fighting other developers to make it optional to install these because they were just Installed you had no idea. They were just there You download a piece of open source software which advertised pre and open source software And you don't and you have no idea that there is a chunk of proprietary code inside Which could be doing whatever because you the developers even of the software were not able to fully Review it because they don't have access to the source code. That's not okay I am okay with doing things like that when I'm fully aware of it And I guess a lot of people will be okay with installing these Harrison XT plugins But I don't want to and they've added our developers since added an option to make the Installing these plugins optional on Linux. I don't know if they added the option to make this optional on Windows yet But I think they should because like I know that people running Windows are probably less Less tuned to be less aware of such issues and they won't mind probably but We are the free and open source software community. We should be taking care of people even if they don't realize the danger Let me read the comments or the chat Neon ray tracer the tracking will be a conscious choice. You need to enable it while building audacity by default from this PR Won't be tracking any of anything. Yes, it won't be tracking anything By default, but if I want to help them the only way I can do this using their telemetry is For Google if this goes in as it is right now and I want to help them and I would like to enable this But it's not anonymous really because Google will know your IP and Google has enough data on you and Your profile That they will be able to stitch this together because they will see that you're also watching audacity tutorials right now or browsing free sound and uploading audio and whatever they Google knows too much and If they can just swap out these proprietary data hoarding services out to something open and Approved by the frequent and open source community, then okay Yeah, sure I want to help approve a nasty just not for these companies and Yeah Also, if they would like to do heat mapping and you know tracking every click I'm also okay, but it needs to be a separate build and It also doesn't cannot go through such services like I would like to help them and like Produce a heat map for for from my work. Sure. Just not for Google Alright Okay, I think I'll wrap this up. I think I've said everything I had to say Yeah, I this is a big oof on the part of muse group And I really hope they learned a little the lesson and that they listen to different open source community I hope we can keep this civilized Please no death threats over this like that's not worth it.  The worst-case scenario we will fork it and we will be just porting over changes. I know it sucks and It's it would be really sad that audacity after what it is 30 years would go this route But it's not the end of the world Still I am hopeful and I believe I trust that the muse group can can learn from this can take the best Parts of the feedback that have been provided discard the the toxic shit Sorry and use the helpful feedback and understand. Why are we so concerned about doing telemetry this way? I Banana kid 111 asks does this have to do with the tantacruel taking over? Absolutely. It's pretty much The result of him taking over like this is like the first change we see after he took over Yep, also, I've learned that muse score that the program that I've been working on before also has similar stuff in But I just didn't know So I Think we need to talk about this muse group. We need to talk about this Okay, thank you all for watching and I Hope it's all gonna be okay. I hope you're having a nice weekend and let's hope for the best Also huge thanks to everyone who is supporting me on patreon and libera pay these guys are awesome If any of you find my tutorials useful, please go there you can give me a buck or two if not just enjoy and I hope to see you next time


Kids are so far behind in school due to COVID absence. It's ridiculous.  I mean honestly, he's forgotten so much about school when I told him We're gonna have PE time in the backyard.  He thinks cloth masks stop the transmission of COVID I got a real great compliment for you and it's true So afraid you're about to say something awful Don't be pessimistic.  Oh, that's great.  Tideshow Mel will be fine.  That's the ticket And you can get on this school bus without a mask Although we still do ask you to cover your mouth when you sneeze Because sneezing on people's gross


The next type of derivative rule we'll look at is the quotient rule, which is what we use whenever our function corresponds to a quotient. And like the product rule, in general, the derivative of a quotient is absolutely not the quotient of the derivatives. Instead, it's a rather more complicated expression in general. The derivative of a function that is a quotient, we have our numerator function and our denominator function, the derivative is going to be the denominator, bottom, times derivative of the numerator, derivative of the top, minus numerator function, top, times the derivative of the denominator, derivative of the bottom, all over the square of the original denominator. And that's in our differential notation. Equivalently, if we want to use prime notation to express this rule, we have derivative of a quotient is equal to the denominator times derivative numerator, minus numerator derivative denominator, all over the square of the denominator. So as with the product rule, given some values of a function and some values of the derivative of the function, we can find the derivative of the quotient of the two functions. So here I have a bunch of values of functions and derivatives, and I want to find the derivative of the quotient. So let's see. It is a quotient, so we apply the quotient rule. First thing, let's set it down. A good way of memorizing this formula is to just write it down a few times. As you use it, you will remember it. So the derivative of the quotient, bottom derivative top, minus top, derivative bottom, all over bottom squared. So I want to find the derivative at three. So I'm going to evaluate all the functions of the derivatives at three. And now I can just fill them in from the given information. So g of three, we know what that is. F prime of three, we know what that is. F of three, we know what that is. G prime of three, we know what that is. And g of three again, we know what that is. And we can do a little bit of arithmetic, but anything beyond this, such as reducing to lowest common terms and all that other stuff, is probably unnecessary. Now how about something that looks like an actual function? So let's find the derivative of 3x plus 5 over square root of x. And again, a little bit of analysis at the beginning goes a long way at the end of the problem if we consider this function, 3x plus 5 over square root of x. If I try to evaluate this for a given value of x, I need to do the following steps. x times 3, add 5, hold it. Take x, find the square root, hold it. And then I'm going to divide those two values. So because the last thing I do in this function is divide, this is a quotient. And if I want to find the derivative, I'll apply the quotient rule. So let's see what does that mean? Well, I'll write down the quotient rule. Once again, a good way of remembering this rule is to write it down every time you have to use it. And after a while, this rule is memorized. So here I'm going to use the differential notation again for variety. I have bottom derivative top minus top derivative bottom all over bottom squared. And at this point, I just need to fill in the blanks. So here I have derivative of the quotient. So my numerator function, 3x plus 5. So I'll fill those in where they should be. My denominator function, square root of x. So I'll fill that in where it needs to be. And again, I haven't actually differentiated yet. I still need to find derivative 3x plus 5, derivative square root of x. So let's go ahead and do that. So derivative of 3x plus 5 is 3, derivative of square root of x. Remember, this is x to power 1 half. So the derivative is going to be 1 half x to power minus 1 half. And in principle, I could do a lot of simplification here. But in practice, I'm just going to do one thing. I'm going to evaluate the square root of x squared. And there's my simplification.


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