in the kid aisle of Michaels. Okay, I've really never been to a Michaels before. I normally join fabrics or shop online, but they have some deals here. Like I'm gonna show you really quick. So I really want this. Do you guys have a Cricut mug press? I really wanna get one, but I don't know much about it. Is it worth the price? So it's $179 here, normally $199. I'm just wondering if it would be a good deal for that or not. And then over here, let's see if I can find it. Over here, they have the Cricut Permanent Vinyl, which is only $4.99. Okay, I don't really care for Cricut too much, but for that price, I think it might be buying a few. Luckily my husband is not here with me right now. He's in the store, hopefully he's not the one watching. But they have all this stuff on sale. Then you go over here, and I'm gonna probably say it wrong. Is it Cizer? Is that what it is? No, it is not cheaper online. This is my husband. Hey guys, hey everybody who joined. Thank you very much for joining. So I think I'm seeing it right. Cizer, is that how you say it? I don't even know. But I bought some of this stuff online for, I think it was like, yeah, like the $22. See it's normally $22. That's what I normally, thank you Carrie for watching. I normally buy it on Amazon, but you know what? It's $12 here. Okay, $13 here. This is crazy. Look at all of these colors. Okay, I'm hooked. I'm coming here rather than join fabrics. Normally I do go to join fabrics, but this is crazy. Oh my gosh. I kind of look like I'm not so because that's disgusting. Carrie, everybody can read that. Sorry it's my husband. Kind of embarrassed because I'm doing a live stream in the store in every ways kind of staring at me, but I want you guys to get the deals here. So they have this silhouette. If you have this, I don't have this machine. I'm actually really kind of looking forward to knowing more about it. So I'm gonna be looking at that, but they have all of these Cricut supplies here. Cricut pens, oh my gosh. I buy the Cricut pens all the time. I have this one. I think I bought that online on Amazon and it was half the price. So always do your checking to see if it's cheaper online somewhere, or even if they have a sale online, even the week later. Oh my gosh. If you guys are reading that, my husband says he's gonna pull the fire alarm. Go ahead, do it. I don't know if I want him in the store with me anymore, guys. So again, for the people that haven't, weren't here at the beginning, do you guys have a Cricut mug press? I'm really interested in learning more about it or possibly getting it. Maybe my husband will buy it for me today who's watching. It's $179, no, I'm not going. Normally $179, or sorry, I'm really $199. It's $179. You're saving some money there. I definitely do want one of these when you make the leather keychains, you can use that instead of a huge, if we leave now, you'll buy it for me. Okay, guys, I gotta go, he's gonna buy it for me. Anyway, so here you have all the Cricut stuff, smart vinyl. I'm not actually sure what smart vinyl is. Do you guys know? Leave a comment down below. I don't know what the difference is between smart vinyl and then just this regular premium vinyl. Leave me some comments down below. Again, this is $499, normally $1499. This is crazy.  I have some coloring supplies in here for my daughter. This was, I think it was $40 and it came off to $10. So that's huge for her.  And then also four of these. Really nice ribbon. It was $15, 75% off. So definitely if you are at or near a Michaels or Joanne fabrics, I would definitely check it out. And if you're new to my channel, check me out, I create crafts on YouTube. And I show you other really great deals that you get. So I'm getting kind of nervous as people staring at me. So I just wanted to show you the guy this really quick. I did a video previously on the Christmas stuff that they have here too, which is the 75% off. So definitely check it out. It's what, a month later than Christmas. So they still had the deals going on. Give me a thumbs up guys. I see one thumbs up already. Give me another one. I enjoyed this. I love telling you guys about deals. Check out my channel. Subscribe to me if you're not already. And yeah, I'll be doing some more videos on these, but I think I'm gonna be grabbing some of these since they're only $13 and they were 22. So if you haven't already, go and get some stuff guys. Happy crafting. Smart vinyl is for Maker 3. Oh, thank you. I had no idea. Okay, I don't have a Maker 3, I only have a Maker. But that's good to know. Thank you so much for that comment. I really appreciate it because now I know what it is and everybody else can know. One other question. Do you guys like this again? Is it scissor? Is that what it's called? Vinyl or do you like the Cricut Vinyl? I would like to know your guys' opinion. I actually hate the Cricut Vinyl. I cannot get it to stick. I cannot get it to work for me. I always pass on this and I buy whatever's cheaper online. But for this price, again guys, I think I'm gonna grab a few of this. Sorry, honey, my hubby's here. You like Caesar? Am I saying it right? Caesar? Correct me, guys, later. But thanks for coming. Thanks for joining. Stick around for more video tutorials. I have a few Valentine's ones coming up. Thank you, Miss D. Some Valentine's ones coming up where there's funny boxers for men. So, oh, thank you, that is correct. Okay, Caesar, is that what I said, Caesar? Thank you guys for joining and stay tuned for more videos. Have a great day, guys. Bye.


Like, what competitors? So what I did was I put together a list of 10 things that I use, like as indicators or markets to trigger me saying, okay, this might be someone that I want to approach that I want to pursue. And again, all this is based on my practical experience. I can only speak from my practical experience is what has worked for me. So when I'm out here, and I'm like, okay, all right, I'm going to go to a new marketplace. Okay, the government's already got their prime people they're working with. And now I'm like, all right, how do I break in? I want to show them what we can do like what we can bring to the table. So we're gonna say, all right, let's go look at who's out there who's already like working and doing stuff in the space. So you're like, okay, well, Eric, how do I know who should I be calling right?    So like, all right, there's got to be some sort of method to the madness. Well, what I did, I sat down, I kind of organized my thoughts in my head. And I said, let me put some paper. And let's talk about so let's discuss the 10 things that I use, like some of the indicators that I use to actually identify potential competitors to target for upcoming opportunities and to establish relationships with. So the first thing is, all right, if you're looking at on IDIQs, right, Maytalks, MAC contracts, multiple word contracts, you know, again, if you're looking at any of these IDIQs, and you notice that a firm is on multiple IDIQ lists, that's definitely somebody you want to hit up, right? So that company, there by the fact that they're on multiple lists, means that they're going to have to leverage working with subcontractors in order to get these things accomplished, right? So again, if you see, if you see, like, if you're in Virginia, and you pull up the list with the Coast Guard, and you see people, and then over here, and you're like, okay, in Maryland, they're also on the list with the Navy, and you're like, wait a second, and then over here, they're also on the list with the Army, like, okay, this is somebody I should definitely target, because why? Someone that's on multiple lists cannot do all the work on by themselves, right? So they're going to have to rely upon subcontract help to help facilitate getting some of the contract awards. That's the first thing. Check if you see anybody on multiple lists, that's the person I wanted to. Number two, if you see a competitor that has a bona fide office, that would make a great partner. When people or companies, I'm sorry, have bona fide offices, that means what? Do you know what even a bona fide office is? Probably not. A bona fide office means, all right, I'm registered here with the SBA to do business in this particular region, right? So the SBA has these different regions, the map of the United States. So you're in, like, say the Southeast region, and particularly in Georgia. Now, companies that are strategic go to where the opportunity is at. So let's say they realize that there's opportunities in North Carolina that are coming up, where the government's spending billions and billions of dollars. They now create a bona fide office in North Carolina to be able to take advantage of the small business contracts there. So now that company is actually based in Georgia, but their bona fide office in North Carolina. So if you see anybody with a bona fide office, that is a forward thinking company that also has to work with subcontractors, right? Because most people, they don't carry their project managers and their management staff to alternate locations, but the people who are going to be on the ground doing the actual work, those persons are going to be brought and typically are going to be local based companies. So again, anyone who has a bona fide office, definitely someone that you want to target. Number three, if you find someone has an office in your home state and or around DC, that means that that company is close to both the money DC, right? And also, they've got their boots on the ground where the opportunities are going. So that would make a potential great partner. And I see this a lot, which is, you know, for some of the companies that are there, I mean, they're larger, but you also see some of the mid sized companies that are not past the threshold of large business just yet, they will have a office in DC, because that means they got people out there talking to government officials, trying to buy for some of the contracts coming down. But at the same time, they've got a local office that are on the ground that's actually dealing with the local people and trying to help facilitate contract actions. So again, look for someone that may have an office in DC and or in your backyard, right? So if you're in Utah, they got an office in Utah, like, wait, I look on their website and they're like, you know, they're based out of DC. That's someone that is going to be looking for localized people to help do the work. Another thing, make sure they're not a multi billion dollar national, because even though multi billion dollar companies like national firms, yes, they outsource a lot of work, they're probably the most difficult to try and talk with and break into. So a lot of times, to get working with them, it's more of a process. And because they're so large, they don't really care so much about people, right? And therefore, it is, the barriers to entry are a lot higher. So again, the idea is to try and get someone that's more more passionate, more caring or concerned, and more likely to want in your best interest. And so I found that the large multi national firms, they could care less about you, your company, you go bankrupt, any that kind of stuff. So they're not, they're not, they're there to serve their own best interest, which again, most companies are, but just I found that they are even more like capitalists, so per se. So they're not, they're not going to lose a penny, even if they're wrong, they, you know, they'll lie, cheat to see whatever it takes to try and beat you. And so I don't want anyone to start off in that manner. If you find that, you know, you're working with a Boeing, you're working with a Northrop group, you're working with the GE, and that they've treated you favorably, that's great. You know, continue that relationship, but it's not a practical approach to teach people how to jump in and establish those relationships. I would rather, much rather someone start with a mid-sized company that's got maybe one or two offices, then someone who is a national player that basically, you know, they do $2 billion a year, and you're just like another name. You're not even a name, you're like another, like a number in their data entry system. So just be careful with that. Number five, a firm that's medium size of large business by industry standards. So for example, you know, if in construction, we're say we're 36.5 million per year, three year average. So that's 100 plus million, it's like 120, just under 120 million threshold. So if you find a company that's doing say 50 million to 100 million, that makes for a potential great partner. You can't really work with someone that's too small because then there's no value add for you. So you've got to work with someone who can at least come to the table with the government and help, you know, help add value to what you want to do, right? And so, you know, working with someone that's too small, I would eliminate, I would not even consider them. And then working with someone that's too large, like on the other end of the echelon, I would kind of eliminate them as well.  So again, just as a benchmark, again, these are not like, like permanent like markers, like you can't move the threshold or anything like that. These are not written in stone. They're just kind of benchmarks to follow. So again, you know, when people say, well, what do I follow with guides?  That's fine. A firm has limited staff in their office. So this is, this is another thing, right? If you see a firm that meets that requirement, right? So you've got this mid-sized firm, but they got limited staff in their office, right? This may be a, what do you call it, when you have another office somewhere else? This may be like a secondary office or a third office, or maybe they are just getting into the marketplace, right? So again, when I say limited staff, a limited staff means five or less people, right? That's what I would say by limited staff. Again, it's all relative to the type of industry you're in. But for me, if you go to an office that has a few people, they're more likely to be able to discuss building a relationship with someone than a staff that has 10, 15, 20 people in it. Because again, why? They've got policies and procedures. You've got to talk to this person. You've got to improve from that next person. And it just, it's, it's more hoops to jump through to accomplish the same mission, right? So again, like I said, these are all places where you could start. If you run up to a staff where you see that they're open to having a discussion with you, and there's 10 people in office, don't turn around and go out the door and say, well, Eric said, if there's, if more than five people, I should not talk to you guys. I'm not saying that. I'm just saying that when I see that there's a staff of five or less people, then it's kind of like you could call and get someone on the phone. You can, there's, you know, you can find a decision maker. You can, there, you know, they're probably open. They're, they're growing or they want to grow. And so, right, they're looking for opportunities as well. There, I could see them being more likely to sit down, have coffee with you and discuss what you got and what you bring to the table. And that's, that's really, which, you know, that's the idea behind this whole thing is to get to that point where you can sit down and discuss, you know, who you are, what you do with someone else who can actually ultimately make a decision and move forward. Affirmative has regional managers. I've always found that companies who have regional managers, those companies are, they're well structured enough to where they can run a project. And also it shows that they are exploring opportunities in different places, right? So they're also looking at alternative opportunities, wherever they might be. And so they're, they're more open minded and for thinking people. So I get, I like companies that have regional managers. Affirmative has out of town managers. Again, whenever I've worked with some of my Alaska Native corporations, for example, they have all their managers, like based out of home, and then they travel to the job sites, wherever that may be. So again, these people are progressive, therefore thinking they are exploring, you know, and guess what? When I, whenever I had an idea about pursuing something, they were like down, they said, yo, every way, like, if I said, hey, I'm thinking about, let's chase this particular market, they'll have a conversation with me about it, right? And that's what you want.  If you want to chase this market, if you do these things, we'll do these other things. And that's kind of like, that's, that's all you can ask for, right? From someone is if, if I do this, will you be willing to do that? Okay, so if I put in my part, will you be willing to put your part? And that's really what you can ask for. That brings me to number nine, Alaska Native corporations. I like Alaska Native corporations. You know, they do a large part of government contracting work. What I like about them the most is, even though they're like this huge conglomerate multinational firm, they are also separate entities. So each particular one, Alaska Native corporation warrants on its own merit. So it has its own staff, its own people, its own CEO that runs it. So again, the Alaska Native corporations as a whole, like as a general descriptive term, which you will find is that like, for example, I've worked for three Alaska Native corporations, and they didn't even know each other. So like the people that were at this particular company, they never met co workers from the other Alaska Native. So they're, even though they all work for the same like parent company, they all run on their own, they're all independent, they all have different people, different teams, different staff, different subcontractors. So like, let's say you mess up with one, the other one won't even notice it because they're not even talking. So it's a great opportunity to partner with them because they are like small, large firms. I know it's like, like it's like hypocritical statement, right? Like oxymoron small and large, they're like small and large at the same time because they've got the umbrella of the parent shielding them and protecting them and then like providing with money and resources they need. But also they're small enough to where you can get to them and talk to the people and actually reach decision makers. So, you know, I can tell you, I had one of my students that had an opportunity for an Alaska Native and he reached out to Alaska Native Firm, the phone called him, he had a lunch meeting like within a week with them and they were giving him all the information they needed to pursue a contract with the Navy. So again, they're very open minded and they're always ready to go. And then number 10, I would say any company or firm that has a history or a past with the government. So if they've got past performance of the government, they're definitely a good candidate to talk about partnering with.  You can also see some of the recent graduates, right? So recent 8A graduates who were done well. Those are all people that are great people that you can talk to to explore opportunities. So again, you know, listen, the point of this is you don't need all these traits, right? You don't need someone to have all these traits. But these are like for me, little markers and indicators that if I see it, I'm like, okay, this person or this company is someone I definitely want to try and reach out to for exploring opportunity. So again, you know, what I found is people have exhibited these traits and my particular past have helped me reach my goals in the federal marketplace. And I and I know that if it's done it for me, they can do the same thing for you guys out there, right? So listen, let me know, try it, find out how it works, give me your feedback, tell me if it makes sense, if it doesn't make sense, if you call some people and what happened, let me know. Matter of fact, if you want me, and you got to mind what you think as a good candidate and you, your company is solid, and you want me to reach out to them for you, like hit me up in the comments and let me know. And I will be glad to like reach out to them for you. Now, again, I can't do this for everybody.  So again, I can make this statement, both statements say, you know, if you've got to mind that you think that you want to reach. And if I determine that your business is worthwhile, right of working with them, then, you know, I'll be happy, more than happy to show you how to make a phone call. You know, we'll jump on the line and call them and talk to them and see if we can get somebody to respond to you. All right. Listen, try it out. Let me know if it works. And I'll see you next time.


We were talking about this process of reducing the citizen to a subject which is distorting the relationship we have with the state in a constitutional democracy. We're no longer allowed to speak up. So I know that freedom of speech is, we are always referred to the qualification there saying that as long as it does not interfere with national security and so on and so forth. But look at the way sedition is being used for example. I think this sedition I think has never been so many seditious citizens before in our history. And I think sedition is something that perhaps we should have got rid of immediately after independence because it's a very dicey situation where people can use it at all times. Part of decolonizing ourselves. Part of decolonizing ourselves. But nevertheless if even if we got rid of it determined authority will bring back something of that kind. But I think that these kinds of laws and talking about law of course one also has to consider things like the judiciary which really in some cases in many cases has made judgments that one is not very proud of as free citizens. And this is again very, very. Because we're part of the Assam in RC process and did not cover themselves with glory. They didn't. Yes, yes. And I think that there should be a much greater consciousness on the part of those in the judiciary about the responsibility they have. Not just to the authority of the moment but for the future. What are the kinds of laws and legalities and judgments that you're making which will affect generations to come? And this is something that they seem not to be conscious of. It is entirely a case of this moment who's an authority, what is the issue, this is the judgment. This is a very, very narrow, almost regressive behavior on the part of those that really should be thinking of judgments in terms of the kind of society that we want, the kind of society that the future should bring. And is there a certain hesitation even apathy as far as the urgent needs of the moment. For example, the courts have been dilly-dallying on coming up with a response to the various petitions against CAA, NPR, NRC. What is stopping them? No, this is very worrisome and in a sense I think it's about time that responsible members of the judiciary should explain why it is that all these urgent cases, rape, CAA, anything of this kind, sedition, don't get settled fast as they should be. I mean you take the petition that we've been involved with, it's over a year now, it's getting on to almost two years when these nine people are in jail under arrest. There isn't even a series of trials going on, which you would expect. And there they will sit for years to come simply because the date is not being given. And I think that this is in some ways really making a mockery of a judicial system. If you're going to take so long, I mean there are property disputes which go on for 25 years, one generation dies and the next generation takes it on and does all the inheriting. And you sit there and say, but for goodness sake there are straightforward property disputes which can be settled quite quickly. Why is there this? Is it because there's a deliberate, I'll take a date three months from now, or is it because there is in fact a shortage of judges? Is it because there's a shortage of trained people who understand what the judiciary is and maybe now what we need is specialization? So that there isn't one judge who's sitting in judgment on a whole range of cases which he or she may not fully understand in some cases. But something has to be done because it is really beginning to become self-destructive in some ways. I just feel that once again this resort that alright I'll take it to the courts, I'll take it, I'll bring law into it. Now one hesitates and says oh my God I will be dead before any decision is taken. But Romula as a historian, you have to tell us what is the way to view this movement of people not only within the country as citizens, you should be allowed to go anywhere in the country that you want, but also from place to place. I mean surely this is the history of the human race. Absolutely. I mean whether we accept that we're all descended from the group that came with Lucy from Africa. This has been a constant. The movement of people has now become much more intensive in the subcontinent. Every part of the country that you go to, the labor, construction labor, building labor, whatever it may be, is generally from UP, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, places like that. I mean I've just been to the Punjab where you couldn't see a single Punjabi laborer. They were all from these parts. And understandably because they're paid better and you have the whole system of they go where they can get livelihood. Now this is going to change the whole demography of the subcontinent. And they don't understand that by bringing in these laws they are in fact interfering with the demography of the subcontinent as it would go under normal circumstances, which is economic circumstances if people are going to travel. It is not only going to interfere but it's going to contradict. I mean if suddenly you find a whole bunch of asemies, Muslims doing labor in let's say Garnatak, what are you going to do? How are you going to identify them? The second generation will be all Canada speaking, kids going to schools there and that kind of thing. So there's that. But the bigger problem for me as a historian is that when you look at the history of any country and particularly of areas that in the 19th century were specially earmarked as civilizations, European, Islamic, Indian, Chinese, you name it, what do you find? The civilization, the process of civilization is possibly one of the most porous processes that can be imagined. People kept coming in, people kept going out, ideas were exchanged, people were exchanged, customs, practices. I mean if you look for example, I've just been completing this little travelogue come diary that I've written on China, I went there 62 years ago, the whole Silk Route, Central Asia, it is an absolute mixture of people coming and going, including Indians. And so what are we going to do with this? How are we going to understand our own cultures if we're going to put up these barricades and say no, nothing from there came in here or was allowed to come in here, when actually the evidence is telling you that it was absolutely fluid, people just came and went. So the importance that is given to migration today, and we're not the only ones, I mean you've got this absurdity of Trump trying to build a wall separating Mexico and the Americas. And of course a wall was built to hide real people in slums in Gujarat. We have this obsession today, but it's an obsession which is denied by history and will be denied by history to come. It's not something that's going to last. I mean it's in some ways laughable for a historian to sit and watch this desperate desire to cut off people coming in because this has happened right through history. You know we've talked about ways in which the courts can actually engage with the situation as it's unfolding today. So in the case of Shaheen Bagh for instance, the Supreme Court has sent those three mediators and there seems to be some dialogue that's being initiated, what do you think? Yes, I think that I would certainly approve more and more of that both with Shaheen Bagh and also with the student protests. I think it's very necessary that responsible people, responsible citizens be sent to have dialogue and conversations and debates with people who are protesting. This is a civilized way of proceeding. And the Shaheen Bagh, one hopes that something will come of it. One doesn't have to take an extreme position and say lift the whole lot, remove them. You can say shift them to a particular area, let the protests go on and let the dialogue go on then, people will, they should go on talking. And that I think could be expanded further in other cases as well. I'm very impressed with the women at Shaheen Bagh and felt very proud of the fact that you had Indian women who were taking such a clear cut firm position. And then realized of course that in a sense it is women in this particular protest who would have to take a central role because whatever documentation you may have, after all eventually it is only the mother who knows who is the father of the child, Pitri Bhumi, and who knows where the child was born and when the child was born. That kind of documentation cannot come from paper, it can only come from the mother. And I think it's very significant that these protests are being taken up by women, apart from the many other reasons why it's... And of course it's women who suffered terribly in Assam because they got married and go somewhere else and where are they, show these documents and... And given the kind of confusion that's going on where you know the woman is declared a foreigner but not the child, this separation of families is one in which the women are the fundamental sufferers. And so it's very impressive that those that were being pushed way back by these laws are the ones who are coming out and protesting against them.


I am the project lead for SDSN Youth Solutions program, and I will be your host today. Before we start, I would like to introduce Chef Dan Barber, one of New York's most noted chefs, co-owner of restaurants Blue Hill and Blue Hill at Stone Barns, and the author of the book, The Third Plate. He'll note on the future of food who will be doing the opening remarks for our session. Chef Dan, over to you. Okay. How's that? Can you hear me now? Yes, we can hear you fine. Okay. I'm sorry for that. Good evening and thank you for that introduction and thank you for having me tonight. I have to say I have a mixed feelings about being sitting here with you this moment. I'm very happy to introduce this segment. I'm also introducing a segment because I'm not with a restaurant, my restaurant anymore. I'd usually be standing in the kitchen and cooking dinner service. Right now, it's 6.30 at the height of dinner service. So it's been a sweet. Dan, we could see you for a second, although now we cannot. Can you click your video camera button one more time? Sorry. There you go. Thank you. Okay. So do I need to repeat myself or you were hearing that? Nope, we were hearing you. Go ahead. Okay. So I am thrilled to be at home with my kids and I just cooked some dinner for them, some spring vegetables, and I was thinking about the last time that I visited the Brooklyn Grange, which was I think a year ago and had an amazing experience in the heart of the city looking at well manicured soil, healthy soil, healthy and delicious vegetables and a crew of energetic and spirited young people who were devoted to the cause and the cause being that we want a future of delicious and nutritious food for ourselves and for our children. It's very simple. And we are the youth that I met at the Brooklyn Grange and I've met several times people who work as part of this project are part of the refugia. They are part of the future of a food system that refused to give in to the interests of big, powerful multinationals that do not have the interests of nutrition and deliciousness in mind. They have the interests of yield and of profits in mind. And that's a crude way to give encapsulation of our current situation, but it's as simple as that. It's very binary. It's your food choices are in the words of the great writer Michael Pollan, way to vote three times a day. And what the Brooklyn Grange does for you is it allows this experiment in the midst of New York City to blossom. Now, will it feed New York City? Are we imagining that rooftop gardening is the answer to the future of our food system? Because it's less transportation. It's grown right there. You can watch it grow and therefore that's the ticket to the future. No, I don't think anyone who works at Brooklyn Grange actually feels that way either. The promise of a garden in the middle of the city is the promise of connection. It's about a relationship that we all have to food and we all have to the planet earth which we're celebrating today. And that is a gift in the middle of an urban environment to experience that a real gift. And now in this moment, in this crazy pandemic moment, we all have a new, hopefully a new and renewed relationship with food. Because we're all at home and because we are now forced to cook in ways that we were never forced to cook and we are creating in ourselves and in our families that consciousness and that connection to food. And all of a sudden questions get to be asked, well, how was this grown and where did it come from? How did it get to me? Who was the farmer who was growing it? And on and on, questions like that are so healthy. And what is so important about urban gardens and urban agriculture is not that they are a practical solution to the problems. They are one good solution that whose power is about the gift of consciousness and relationship because the power that the big food chain holds over us is they make it harder to see and they thrive on that, it's a big story. And so we all now in this day and this day moving forward and as we circle out of this devastating time for the farm to table movement, we need to all dig in deeper to the relationship in a way that focuses our attention on the challenges for the future. I'll leave you with this point. If I had been talking to you all five weeks ago and I had said, the strongest food chain you could possibly engage in and support is the shortest chain. It's the farm table chain because it's the farmer shakes the hand of the person who's buying the food and cooking the food and putting on their plate. And therefore has a strong argument for the kind of food chain they want for the future because the industrial food chain is a long chain to anywhere that breaks, you have weakness. And you all would have applauded in your own way and said, yeah, that's right. That's why we need to dig into this. Well, here we are today. Now, six weeks after that imaginary conversation and what's happened? Well, farm table movement actually isn't looking as strong as it might have six weeks ago. And what COVID has done is reveal a weakness. And while I've opened this segment by trumpeting the potential of urban gardening and this increased consciousness and relationship with food, I also wanna leave you with a challenge. And the challenge is we have to move beyond the simplistic connection between a farm and a table.  I've got a stake in the game. And what I have come to realize is that is that a pandemic like this quickly exposes the weakness, the Achilles heel of the farm table because you cannot shake the hand of the farmer that raise your food.  And that is a new paradigm of understanding. And what does it do for us? It challenges us not to accept that big clean agriculture is the future. No, the way forward is complicating the picture and using the farm to table model as the model to spring forward using a urban garden as a sense of a relationship that needs to be protected and how do we protect it? Well, in this COVID environment, one way to think about protecting it is to introduce more processors. It turns out the farm to table could use a few more middlemen because if we had middlemen, if we had middlemen and middle women, mulsters, distillers, fermenters, picklers, canners, cheese makers and all the way through the system, we do not need to think about food processing the way the American corporations think about food processing. We ought to think about it on a regional and on a distinctive level. And that is the greatest chain that we could enact, build on, support in the connection between a farm and a table. We ought to build out a real food economy and a real food economy is inefficient compared to the big chain, of course, inefficient. But it's resilient and it's multifaceted and in an environment of a pandemic and a breakdown, a devastation, you have the strength of a regional food economy to supply nutrition and again, deliciousness. And I want to end with deliciousness because that's the keystone part of this. If we don't value food for its flavor, then food as fuel becomes the next sentence out of your mouth. Food as fuel is a dangerous concept and we know that. And what we need to do is take the food that these farmers in our local regional food chain are growing and make them more valuable to the farmer through honoring the true cost of growing food in the right way. And then we need to honor it for our bodies. And that means processing it and making the nutrition and the flavor, deliciousness more bioavailable to us, more celebratory for us. And that is a delicious future that I feel even in this moment of weakness and of despair in many ways, I feel a sense of hope because we do have an opportunity to reset an answer to the food chain that dogs us nutritionally and environmentally and now's the moment to dig in harder than ever. So I leave you with that hope and that promise that for this moment to become not just the most exciting social movement which it has over the last 10 years but to circle into a food movement that actually has market share that's formidable. We need new processes to take the food and make it more valuable for the farmer and for ourselves. But it has to start with the farming. It has to start with the soil. It has to start with the connection in a relationship to a farm. And that's where I'm gonna give you the Brooklyn grain to learn more about that and to celebrate all their success. And I wish them well and I wish all of you well in this very strange and in many ways, distressing moment. But I think of a lot of hope when it comes to food and our future and I thank you all for being here tonight. Thank you, chef for your most valuable contribution today. We could not be happier for that and we couldn't agree more.


I can change it to this, move forward to this in a minute. So, this was given to incoming graduate class of several years and so that's why I kind of decided to use this when you work for MS 5 scientists and the next thing is, so I'm going to talk about science, you know science are a better word and what is thinking and what about that college. So the chief, you know gactors in this dog is pursued of science and process is perceived with the science. So I would like to understand and pose some very few questions and I'm sure you do not find any other sense, but hopefully thinking about some of them. All right. So, first question is a scientific professional and business. Is there anything which is a scientist or program, which is different. Okay. No, then what are the objective constraints that we distinguish. And if, for instance, the science is an aesthetic. Both playing the quantum food. Say about the universe, then do we have the idea that that may help us understand distinction and similarity. Yes. So, of course, there's an assumption here that also for students may not be the best national peace. So, the basic objective is to explore short modes of equality to create an audience that will provide a similar to current future science. Not only to think deeply and have an exciting life of discovery, but also to be able to take very quickly examine the foods that you yourself find. In my mind, probably the most important criterion of a scientist is to examine one own doings very quickly. Okay, before you bring it to the public. Exactly. Am I at least in the framework of my life. And it's extremely important to internalize that understanding is very important. The limitation of one's inquiry is just as necessary as going over the grandeur of biology. So, a good scientist paper often starts by saying, my theory is not right. It's not a domain engine. I'm not right. Because what does distinguish science from the other approaches to food often is that we are humble. And working, for example, we will make the same objective that I won't tell you about the people speaking. We will join together and figure out. And the slide that let's take one. Okay, so not at all has to participate in the same part. So, in order for me to kind of illustrate that I don't know who we have strength. Let's begin and analyze an example. And that example comes from cost. Why cosmology because cost one is something that's nice at all. And it kind of provides such a large part of an internalizing that we should see how it interests. So I talk about costologies. One is a possibility in which is expressed in the creation of the oldest book in the world, or the. And I was not subject to the original language in which was written. Transmission. And it's, it's, it's, it's very unique him about creation. That's what the word does. Okay. And then are you going to come up here. Again, not going into the detail, but trying to show the interest as well as similarities between the two. And then from that, trying to kind of understand what constitutes science and budget. And of course, these are opinion are my own prejudice, you know, you do not have to be with them. Yes. And as I said, these are two different glorious and popular press. I mean, And so I also plan to be extra sensitive to the events. So, I am using the cosmology primary because it's the best. And it's very interesting to see the people studying cosmology. They somehow are supposed to be into that you used to be those who speculated about the matter and substance in the universe.  But the fact that they were wondering over a big question, some of the audience. Okay, that's why some extent it's something that he must receive. You don't know the constant number of issues. So I'm going to get full justice on this. And, and analyze them. In a, in a somewhat old. So, and then I said, you know, that's the only perspective I have. Being very sensitive to all the issues of thinking, but the perspective of this is something that I love. So, in the beginning, there is a grand pronouncement in the statement that's too much. So that the, the, the gender in our Marie commentary. And the rest of it is the point. Yeah. So the point is, then, even nothing else was nor, nor existence. So, So what he does in fact that he's kind of asking for a question. And then we say, he is a kind of qualitative descriptive body. And that is, then there was the technology more than it was there than the thoughts of 90 days. The one, three industry and systems. So it is the concept of, you know, I don't know. But there's some unique test quality, something. There was that one, and there was no luck. At first, they were lonely darkness after darkness. All this. But he kind of gives a kind of a descriptive, qualitative stuff. And then he tries to use it with a balance. He said that one which came to be and goes in nothing for those that lost all of the power of heat. We still do not know what he means by heat. But there is some moving agent, which is preparing that one to take some action to do something. In the beginning, desire descended on it. And that was a primal seed for the mind. You still have no idea why you need to have primal seed. But he's trying to put together a certain picture, which he's going to do that. And then he emits that we say, you know, but it is consistent. So he said, the savings who search their hearts with wisdom know that it is in the water, which is not, and they are strata their gold across the way. And no, what was above it was below. You know, seven and powers made per die mighty forces with over strength. I did a lot of words. All right. But at the same time, a picture is being presented. Right. And then he is fresh. Now this is the most beautiful part of this. Unlike many other ancient. He's not so sure that whatever I'm seeing is. Okay. Okay. But after all, who knows. And who can say that's not it. Okay. And how creation happened. And the gods themselves are made to then create. This is the kind of thinking concept that I mean the guards. This is not a secret. How they thought it about. So who knows truly. And then you say. And that's all creation have its origin. She did the one. Whether it's passionate. Okay. All from my seven. Or maybe even. So. I know what you will say those same practices. And that's really in some sense is an amazing ability for a writer of that. He says that even maybe the creator doesn't know. So. These questions are so immense. Especially they're so important. You know, all we can do is to have separate. And that's what I'm doing. I could not tell you that I'm using this. So. So, this was the community. This morning. Before I found that it was a grand university and everybody everybody for us. Okay. So the point is beautiful. It's trying to grapple with the most fundamental problem. The nature of. Okay. And perhaps even the audience of sentence. It's. Let's suppose. Simply find it's. It's. It's. It is much more present. And. So. I think. So. So. So. So. So. So. So. So. So what was the CM. Yeah. Yeah. To create. And it's quite possible that the universe, Yeah. So, you know, just because I got it. I know how it's. So. But I would be, you know, make them hook eggs. We are also not sure that we are done or not. Exactly. So he simply is saying, from his perspective, I cannot associate certainty with anyone. So probably you all know. Not my point. This is the general point. This is the general point. This is the general point. This is the general point. This is the general point. How even you just, you know, something like that. Like that. You are going to answer this from a question I'm not going to answer. Nobody can come to you and give you an answer to that. The whole idea is to make you understand that there are no answers most fundamental questions. Let's see. Let's go through this thing in mind and write on this. If I could answer, I will be able to go on. I will be able to look at. I'm not. So I am probably not going to do this thing. There are many other aspects that we've caused already, which are very common. But the most important thing is you need to propose a causal dynamic model or make a prediction. There's a bunch of statements that you can take it or not take it. But it doesn't tell me that if you didn't do this, if you are to conduct an experiment, if the server is having it, then my theory is wrong. That nobody really ever thinks. Now, let me give you some more. Perhaps you are aware. This is the study of universes of hope, not of stars or not of galaxies, but of the entire universe together. And astronomy and physics was creating the mind to run the inter-development, perhaps the fragments of a language. Astronomy explodes the physical content of the universe and presents the life of the Indian center in our nation and our country. What distinguishes modern cross-model populations? M.C. will always stand for modern cross-model populations. M.C. as we're all seen constructs, provisionally-quantitative models with consequences must match what is actually the result. If not, the model has to be improved or it will be changed. Most important thing is every model is provisional. Okay, and time, greater understanding, more observation than if you anywhere. Nobody believes that there is a reveal to it. And the most amazing thing is that the tiny elementary particle as well as the immense cosmos as an entity can be analyzed into the framework of a similarly trained stranding method in place. And that is absolutely amazing. Such luxuries are not available to either the poet or the philosopher. These tools are not a part of their communication. So please go on. So there are many features of the uniphysical system that one has to see. Construct the simplest first step. And I think I'm giving you some idea earlier. So this is the leading model of the universe in remarkable reason. I think it's homogeneous, all right? And of course, that doesn't believe in our small observation, but you have to think of much larger scales than our eye scales. And those scales really are the Hubble scale, which is the scale of the universe. Okay, over there, matter is essentially important. Okay, and what is the greatest wonder of all is that even this foundation provided by as little as a homogeneous isopropic system allows us to construct a thing that we could perform, that's our use. And this is again, you know, physicists looked at an elephant from a distance. So it's first theory, things that I'm trying to do, particle, particle, particle, and then eventually it's far enough in the signature for a factor. And you can write in styletics and understand it's wonder. So this is the theory that we need. And so a uniform isotropic universe is perfectly isotropic. So like that, all the matter is isotropic, okay?  One is special, one is undisputed density. Okay, and show you your theory is written in the exact two things. So such a fluid has only two defining points, you think the energy density and the emission. So let's start with other things. And so when such a perfect isotropic homogeneous universe is allowed to evolve via Einstein equations, we actually derive, exert a distance in the structure of space-time and the time history of evolution of universe. There are any number of such. Universe being treated as one action. Universe being treated such that, you know, it doesn't change in any direction. And it's fairly to the matter, which is simplest possible than I can imagine. And so the so-called big bang order of cosmology, energy as a consequence of this very simple formula. Look at about the GR calculation being done to make it very complicated. But this is all the calculation which a graduate student can do. All right? And the next one is an assessment to all of you, if you can sit down and do it. So the universe is expanding and it is separating backwards. The universe will be formed in a very, very fast. Okay? What is equally remarkable is that such an important universe can construct the entire time history of matter application. What was matter-dominated, what was the radiation-dominated? I said that's not what I'm trying to explain. And how can we test this direction? Naturally, we were not there in the universe in every part, but put it here to find out an article of science, right? We haven't seen the big bang. We were not there. It means came into existence, not later. But is there something from the big bang, you know, event, which you believe is out there? All right? Let me say that I'm all right. I think it seems to be okay. It may not be fully correct, but it seems to have elements on some reason. Next slide. So I think this is the kind of a game that called for the big science to point to really the mind of the universe in addition to life, and of course, to walk in. I'm shining in the universe and family at the best. And a couple of experimental advocates demonstrated that yes, indeed, the galaxy are the receiving of us which is a consistent, nice foundation. So there was then the big cosmic giant. Accidentally, the discovery of the cosmic background radiation was done by two well-lapped scientists who had no idea what they were looking for. They just put their antennas in space and found something totally unexpected, which right next to a person were actually constructed and experimented by it. And then we looked at that. So it is amazing. And there's an astring scientist called Robert Dickey that went to school there. And he didn't even get an overpriced back. The other guys who had no idea what they were looking at. Not only big large number of people, they are supposed to be in this, right, they were working, they knew exactly what they were looking. And then these engineers, all the friends who died, they were on this particular phone, then they told them, this is what you have called. So science is, again, very interesting that way. So several events of the recent discoveries collated in the second creative science that was launched. The science much greater than any scientist, however creative, however creative. That's another massive nutrition always.  It was a significant insight. Most of the people than standing in the middle of the server will believe in the same things. So this was a shock. Oh gee, you're saying it was a big bang.  All right, so big bang was a very insulting thing. But you're going to fall down. And I believe that if it wasn't for a big bang, it would not become a household work. Nobody would be able to see the story at that same time. So it was fortunate that these guys were insulting the hallucinologist, the surgeon, got paid back. But they didn't start the game. Okay, next one, please. So we're ready to grant opportunities to the hospital. There is cursing and that, but just kind of the experience of this. And these were stressed over immense time and spending different years in this situation. But two, there could be no two different groups of people, you know, who gave us these two moments of thinking. So what is striking is that in this conceptual act, both constructions are fueled by curiosity, that's for knowledge, the desire to make sense of the universe around. Imagination, speculation so deep that it doesn't need to follow the mind. The valid or related flaws of the modern cosmologist are always there as to the basic questions. None of them, you can say this guy has a superior imagination or speculation of the degree or the degree you could say. They're all great thinkers. In fact, the ancient one, but maybe a head by a pointer. And the reason for that is also clear. We don't think, we are constrained. We know certain, no thing. I mean, I think we cannot go there. The very worst thinking was totally unlimited. He had no constraint because there was no knowledge base, you know, which he had to conform. All right. And what does give a somewhat unfair advantage to the modern cosmologist and the same mission that called the ancient cosmologist to bear the impressive addition to it that has been the boldest thing and relentlessly told now. The modern cosmology is better than both the mathematical theoretical structure and observation data applied to instruments of extreme complex. So he has a big evidence as a thing that despite the irrepressible genius of ancient performance, who thought the science was more than one foot. This was not something which was lacking because they were not smart or they were not intelligent, they were not imaginative. All those things were there. So, but the true data of the ancient cosmologist was curiosity, imagination, boldness, separation, plus some explanations for these connections. Right. He was lauded and honored for the same opportunity. In fact, many of us learned them today. They were excellent people. But all the things available to them, they were great. But the ancient cosmology did not create the science. Either in methodology or in part. The most of all, based on its model, no destined prediction of age. A skeptic, not overall wise, that patient said, I'm using the word he's here because unfortunately, unfortunately, all the authors of the ancient and the modern age are at least, that's what we learned. In fact, there were many contributions that I'm trying to start with, not very much, I guess. So, most and in fact, there were often no attempt to age words. It's not really that they were not given. It's not even, they didn't even think that that was required. Okay. Most of the case would not be if you didn't even insist. If you make a statement like, it's either going to ring or not going to this. That's what you're going to do all of this time. But it's not something because hope contends that thing. And so, there was supposed to be a university in that era. In fact, there was no mechanism even to associate an improved index to that. And because such a thing is a beauty product is. The sign we can enterprise in that must not lay claim to the university in that era. That's the first humility that all scientists have. It's much more humbling. It can only have provisional goods derived from a system of theoretical and experimental structure. They are proved only to be proved in adequate extent. They can have a short span of a good short span of ability to take point in the long span like open point of mechanics or the or the right. But the point is or I would find it's something that refutes our simple ideas. All right. So let's get it out and give this to the discussion and add an extra dimension to provide. Why? So a great thing to know before the discovery of the past bad combination. Let's suppose he had a problem that the whole universe is filled with that. Okay. And there are people who have seven seven of them. Now, early 1964 the cosmic microwave that all of us patient using very powerful. So the question is should the credit is think of the discovery of possibility? Yes. Long before the modernization. This is the kind of controversy on my youth I faced from my surroundings. This guy had discovered the problem. You know, whether it is from one condition or another that they knew the truth and so this is where impact which I'll explain that cuts somewhat wrong. The question that put is but I was sincere in most time to be asked. So did you refer to the programmer as same X? Okay. Let's go to the next one. Look and say yes some leads the modern cost. So the statement is the whole universe is filled with that. So let's say what say yes does not ask. What are the characteristics of the time? Where does the sanity come from? What's the definition of energy in the universe? How may I measure the sanity? And if I pay to detect the sanity point what we can find is conjecture. Okay. You have to tell us things. That's described the truth value which is unity established in all the same. This conjecture by itself is not a bias. And it tells us nothing about the energy and that's no pretty much I don't think it's a problem. Contrast to the modern cosmologists can say that energy the rally couple ancient very, very far past that's connection. Can pretty sure that it would uniform in the workspace. It should measure it. It will be called the bad body ignition with a 10 to 2.7. Okay. So the one who cosmologists can get on the other hand is totally reducible in this for instance by finding that the addition is not uniform. Or by finding that it's not bad. This theory is wrong and in principle we can prove that it's not. For say yes same state rendering in the rest of the energy. For from that it may is that's not is imaginative awful and in this case happens with two but science and that we must strongly insist from giving it the credit that it doesn't earn to pretty giving it the credit that it does. That's it. So how does conjecture get to move into science and I will give you three examples which are which are probably profoundly shaped the 20th century science and the word are we pretty changing plan by fire because of these are all so a story of C.M. Right. That's like it was if it laid dormant the the calculation that you can have a temperature of approximately that was done by the 90s. And for a long time nobody even tried to you know look for it the principle who started you know this thing and of course they were outrun by absolutely expensive but it took 15 years before we could say that the so-called big value model has any you know what does it mean to be in the 10 years before that yes it was a very nice subjection but we could not so it was extremely and if they did not find the gap of the division they didn't even have the value it's there as a standard so here is something and it's a discipline there are things which follow from the other they are not state less okay a single statement never goes to the side it must okay then the second one is the story of the new train you guys know the story? yes they got a notion that following that instructor was going to start and in fact that was the reason people know that I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry and people were so disturbed they said we need both the being of the scientists that and yeah we were then willing to give up principle of foundation of energy okay and then the following as we said that as on the sense there is a part of being indicated along with the in that part I think it's very big that because xx y properties and this guy is the extra energy and we we're not trying that in the in that there's one bit and I think we could find there are a lot of the fluxes of things that you could start with okay the the the new genome hypothesis was not a valid theory that they could say because it's starting and of course you know the theory of evolution all right if we couldn't understand the structure of me and you there was no way for us to see how the that which was first about what it is and so we have we have very strict stringing tests in order to make a theory into something here just because some statement came to me too or made by somebody he does not make this and science by definition is humble and respect it does not gain universal rules because we're reaching it in a based on the structure there's a conclusion I found things and if I find with the evidence even one similar evidence on the picture if it no longer remains okay so then the physicist for something okay it's a big thing in in the normal land you know it's just a thing no for a physicist the theory is I think that's it you do not go beyond that so in order to make a particular thing scientific that scientific does not mean superior does not even being the most desirable thing we don't know yet how to define love scientific or even write any question for that that doesn't mean it's not that important but science has a certain rigor all right and anybody claiming to be scientific the better for the better no matter how great they are no matter how ancient they are no matter how profound things like the same so I hope it gives you some idea of how to kind of gauge and understand the very important thing is you must tell me under what conditions can your theory be filled even hypotheticals if you can't do that then whatever your statements are not set it's not even testability it's the futability in principle which is the practical okay I'm a professor what about mathematics is it mathematics or mathematics an exploratory problem in the purely productive science okay so you don't have to justify the the asset your mathematics you assume a certain set of actually you demand you write some a few asset and then he draws all the contribution you in principle the the axiom of the kind of self-translation but there is no move for that okay proof is again comes to that by large practice and by single everyday mathematics does not have to perform to entity yet and yet the mathematician brings up things we've called which have great application to understanding the universe who could have thought that I construct the critical because the answer and it's going to have meaning to do with the universe right so this is again a great compliment to the human mind so if you now think of lemur lemur was not a science we want a business what he was creating was a deductive deductive science and deductive science by itself is not the truth no only in the center within a frame right it's consistent so that's it's true to us we start with a set of action the results that you give you some that they must not violate that so the euclidean geometry prevailed to so long everybody called that was it he really said then one of the action doesn't seem to be so heavy okay and it was then examining that action which led to the non-unique innovation which are so powerful in the trying to understand the universe and and and and and the whole point is things build up before the it took thousand years almost for things to do was beyond the the the that and just for your intuition it's called you to give you a but you it was one of the one who proved most of the seraphs there was a whole lot of mathematicians and most importantly there was a gentleman from the results said he was who was a scholar and he was a he was a he was a he was a all right all right but you you played you correlated you you put together the entire mathematical knowledge so the euclates elements are not just you actually but that's all the mathematics made the math that was one and it was done in a the not another not yes Yeah well you you you uh uh this component in uh was more important uh points and ideas that's especially uh um was new instructors and and ward so thank you very much and I want to ask you um which copy or which course that gives you this grant background in this field. We're making that answer because I want to release when I back because since I got here some important new points and when I back my form I would like to reinforce even in each presentation but for a new perspective which part of maybe that book mechanics, okay, so I can't really tell you if you read this book or not. I think what I think what he's asking is for you to write a book. I'm asking for example in my background from different courses, for example in my department I have a senior professor who gave me a course in mathematics physics and the other one, the analyst. Those two courses they give me a great background in my community, one of my PhDs, the other one. Just like that for you which topic or which course that gives you a reading. Yeah, yeah, you know I appreciate your comment. I cannot be answered. Do I understand the question correct? I think you're referring specifically to his lecture today, the early part of the lecture. I think he is talking about the whole plan. Yeah, the point is that what I'm talking to you about is not just a philosophy. It was essentially almost the way to think about the physics part. To give you a hint for my question, for example, why am I teaching, why am I teaching the class? For example, a little dynamic sport. I would advise my students to be good in vector calculus. That's the problem. Yes, we teach from vector calculus. So why am I teaching like this in resolution? Okay, so I think about that and if I have any ideas you just didn't do, I mean I have to do so. But thank you very much for appreciating that. And any other question? Because I think you wanted to say something. Well, I suppose we are living there. So I think the other participants can let us, I just want to say that maybe now most of us know that this is an activity college. And during this part, in the past part over weeks, three weeks, so many activities. But as I know, I think Professor Maharyan has been, and so he has been a devotee of organizing with the help of ICT. Such activities, but at least as I know, more than 30 years, he may have been before. So I have been in many activities at all. But when I see that there have been many lecturers all over the world, and there are many people who have been assisting him, but he was the main force behind this. And I think we all should thank him because he has always been a student. He has been a student. He has been inspiring and helping even ICT lecturers and everyone. So I think at the end, because he has been at ICT with us, and I think that we should also thank him. But for me, the most important thing that we thank you is that you take something that's not important, both in skills and also in the means of teaching. Because that is, the second one is just as important. And then finally, to be very effective, intelligentsia in your own societies. You must perpetuate some of the punishment that you have done, and which will help you to be good. And that will be very good. I call it the Trace the Spirit. That will be the biggest compliment to the Trace the Spirit. And I have great confidence that many of you have a very interesting, you know, I, every one of you has shown a great amount of interest when you are at the door, something you didn't want. And I do see, you know, brightness in your eyes, the light up when you hear something you hadn't heard before. And that's what is the most satisfying thing for a teacher. I have not given a force, but I am kind of making a wonder in a landscape, you know, where there are all kinds of pretty things to see. And I'm sure you will adopt some of them, and you will take them far. So ending school is always painful, right? It's kind of, we do act and behave like a family for two months. And in some sense, these are the only two weeks where I have something which I, when I'm back home, I'm occupied all the time. And so nobody gets to talk to me as much as you people do. Nobody gets to hear my landlifts as much as you guys do. Yeah. And so, so, so in fact, this is very interesting. My injection is the most intense, because that's it. I bring all my time. And thank you very much for being very attentive, and I hope that we will continue this activity that people experience, but don't try to create a scientific atmosphere around your own interests. Next, I'm holding back. Do you guys know what I'm denying? Do you guys know what I'm saying?


Yes, Karan sir. Yes, Karan. Good morning, sir. Good morning, sir. Good morning, sir. Thank you, sir. Ms. Kukta, why do you wish to join civil service? Sir, wish to join civil services as it could provide me an opportunity to depart for the government organization. Secondly, the career prospects of civil services are also very inspiring. And lastly, the variety of challenges that civil services has would enable me to recognize and optimize my self-attention. So what qualities will you bring to this job? Sir, I think I have integrity and compassion. I am also emotionally intelligent. And thirdly, I am a dedicated and hardworking person. Good. This, I believe, is your first attempt because you passed in 2017. Yes. English literature. Yes. Can you tell us why is our constitution bulking? Sir, there are several reasons which amount to bulkiness of our constitution. First is the number of articles we have detailed provisions with regard to them. Second, our is a federal country. However, the constitution of the center in the state is similar. So the provisions with regard to the state are also there. These are services. Okay. What is judicial review? Judicial review is the provision which enables judiciary to review the law and the sanctity of the law in compliance with the constitutional provisions. Does it make judiciary supreme and disturbs the balance of power among constitutions? No, sir. In our constitution, balance of power between all the organs have been provided. Judicial review only ensures that the law stands in the constitutional compliance and does not make judiciary supreme among other institutions. Okay. Can you tell us about a few judgments, recent ones which upheld some of the rights against state action or laws which were there or administrative decisions? So the latest judgments which upheld people's right is first, the decriminalization of homosexuality. Second, is the right to privacy which has been explicitly held under article 21. Third is with regard to the Sabri Mala case, these first. Okay. Now, there was another on adultery. Adultery was decriminalized. Yes. Why do you think it was decriminalized? Sir, the law related to adultery deflects Victorian morality and does not uphold the modern and the progressive society of 21st century. And it delimited women's potential and her authority over her own being. That is why it's... Why do you say Victorian is it still an offense in other countries? No, sir. It's not an offense in other countries. In the country of origin? No, sir. But when the Victorian rule was there, it was impacted. What was the basic problem here? Sir, the basic problem in adultery is that it limits women's authority over her own sexuality and it considered that women is a product or something to be hold by a man.  Can you tell us about this... There was a Supreme Court judgment on... In case of conflict between the lieutenant governor and the daily government. What was that judgment? The judgment upheld the sanctity of the state elected government of Delhi. It aimed at that the aid and advice of the council of minister and chief minister of Delhi would be founded on the lieutenant governor unless in a very rare case comes up where the lieutenant governor would be having its discretion. Okay. There are three subjects. What are the three subjects? So there are three subjects, public order, police and law. Okay. Can you tell us about some NGT orders concerning pollution in Delhi? So to curb the menace of air pollution, NGT in the recent times have come up with various orders. First is the Graded Response Action Plan, which says that there would be certain activities prohibited in case the pollution levels reach certain levels. The second is the... With regard to the non-plying of the CNG vehicles in Delhi, these are supported. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Rishita, you have emotional intelligence. How does it help in administration? So emotional intelligence enables a person to understand his own emotions and that of people around him. In administration, it is a prime duty to be able to empathize with people's needs and concerns. And in that regard, emotional intelligence would make an administrator capable of fulfilling his duties in the most optimum manner. Okay. What is good governance? Good governance is a way of ensuring the governance with absolute law and integrity. It includes transparency, accountability, responsiveness, morality, etc. Morality? Morality? Morality. There are some other features. If you have read about the one man's, there were eight tenets as defined by one bank. So you mentioned transparency, accountability, consensus building, Consensus building or participatory, you would say? Responsive agency. Responsive agency. Then what else? Rule of law. Rule of law. What is rule of law? So rule of law means that the law should be followed in the right spirit. Nobody is above law. Yes. Sorry, sir. Everybody is equal before law. Yes. Okay. Tell me, how many UTs are there in India? There are seven Indian territories in India. There are some Indian territories with assemblies. Which are there? Delhi and Puducherry. Puducherry. So, okay. Now let me come to, you know, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment. You know? Yes, sir. What does they offer? The 73rd and 74th Amendment acts of the Constitution. Constitutionalize the status of the local bodies at the municipal level and the Pinchai people. So it gave a constitutional status. Then what else? These also have provision with regard to reservation for women at the local level, 33% reservation for women and reservation also for the people belonging to the backward castes. Backward castes. SCSDs. SCSDs. There is also provision of state finance commission which would decide the distribution of finances between the state and the local bodies. It also established state election commission for election to these local bodies. For periodic elections. Yes. Okay. You have read about the Gram-Soraj concept of Gandhiji. Gram-Soraj concept of Gandhiji. Have you read about it? Yes. Is it telling you a different than this local self-government? What do you find the difference? Local self-government as per our Indian constitution with the amendments. Then Gram-Soraj. Gandhiji had advocated for Gram-Soraj. So sir Gandhiji's vision of Gram-Soraj was that the Gram-Soraj should be the only unit in a democratic governance and they should not be a larger government that we have at the central and the state level. He also believed that the entire power should be divided at these local levels to the ground. However, in the current scenario we have these local governments as the third tier of the government which are in the part of the federal system of the central state and then the third tier level of the government. And with regard to the autonomy and authority as well, the current Panchayatira systems are less as compared to the Gram-Soraj as was envisioned by Mahanaka.  So here there is a state government, there is a central government. There the local self-government means more power, it is democratic decentralization. Democracy is also there with the local self-government. You have some central Delhi. What are the main problems that you see? Some first is with regard to water, there is disrupting water supply. Second is with regard to the garbage management. Third is with regard to the pollution level which is part of the general Delhi's pollution. So dealing with pollution, what are the reasons why Delhi is becoming such a polluted city, especially in pollution? Tell me something about it. And there are various reasons with regard to the pollution in Delhi. First is the geography of Delhi. Delhi is a plain city and the air also happens to settle at the lower temperatures. Second is the stubble burning that takes place in the vicinity because of which pollution is there. Third is the Badakur power plant which is there. Fourth are brick clans. Badakur power plant has been produced. It has been produced. What else? The brick clans that are there. Yes. Then construction that are regular constructions going to be placed in Delhi. These are some. And then the road dust. The road dust. And transport. Yes. Those are all major factors. So how can we address these problems first? And is there any body which has looked into this pollution problem and given directives? And there could be various ways of addressing these problems. First is the preventive measures. In which for example we have closed water program. We can leverage technology for brick clans. Then the Z base models that are there. Then we can also go for mechanized road cleaning. Yes. Then we could have general rationing of number of cars flying on the roads. The Singapore etc. are done. And more important in this regard is the law enforcement and involvement of multiple agencies and coordination. So there is an NGT. What does NGT stand for? NGT stands for National Redeem Trust. So have they given some directives regarding pollution in Delhi? Yes. NCR. Tell me what are the some of the directions that you are aware of? First is that decommissioning of the CNG wake of diesel wakers or diesel wakers in Delhi. Second. How old? How old? Sorry. Right. Secondly is. Which warcrafts coming into Delhi? Yeah. There is a limitation on the number of the time in which they were struck. Yes. Yes. These are some things. Have they also imposed some fines on neighboring states? Sorry. Now another problem that we are involved with is safety of women in Delhi. That's a major issue. Can you recommend some steps to improve safety of women? Some practical steps. Some are already being taken by Delhi. The first is the Himmat app that is available to women. Second is the women helpline numbers. Third, we require effective patrolling, including women in that case. Then proper infrastructure, for instance, lighting, safety, light places. Then public transport safety should also be seen. These are some issues. And what about attitudinal change in schools and colleges? That's the age of young boys to respect women. That's one way. The parenting and the moral values. Now, we have the Jamuna River. How polluted is it? Now, Yamuna River is one of the most polluted rivers in India. And the degree of pollution is that there is absolute zero oxygen in most of the areas of the Yamuna River, which does not would support any aquatic life.  What steps would you identify? Now, first, we should install and see the maintenance for sewage treatment and natural treatment plants. Second is involving the society. As Delhi government has recently done, that it has talked to various assaids and school children to spread awareness with regard to the cleanliness of the river. Third is supporting voluntary organizations. The government should incentivize and support them through capital, etc. or to these voluntary organizations. So, we have a major problem during festivals. Where there is the Ganpati festival or the Karipuja festival and we have these idols which have to be immersed. What can be done in relation to the immersion of idols? Now, for this, the Gujarat government in Surat could be adopted. They have ensured that the eco-friendly idols are in place. That could be done. The second would be, people would be encouraged to immerse idols in small ponds in their homes. So, what was the river that has been taken care of in Surat? Sorry, now partly. What else? There is a height of the idols should not be beyond the surface. Yes, that could also be. Thank you. Mr. Gupta. Yes, sir. There should be no public administration, right? What role can be played or can be played by the NGOs in public administration? Sir, NGOs can play a crucial role in ensuring that the last might reach of the benefits of the services of the government could reach to the people. Secondly, they could also ensure consensus between among these stakeholders. These circumstances. In any instance, I will say mine, but NGOs have played a very important role. Yes, sir. With regard to the passing of the right to information bit, the MKSS, who had played a crucial role in ensuring that the right to information becomes a fundamental right to people. Some NGOs receive a lot of funds from the government. Do you think that should be encouraged or should there be any check on that? Sir, funding is very important for NGOs to start their duties. With regard to the foreign contribution, I think the red cretins should be there, but entire curbing of the foreign funding of the NGOs should not be there. Will there already be a law in the UN president? Yes. What will be the law? So, there is with regard to the auditing of the NGOs, that an NGO receiving certain amount of funds should be audited by the CAG. Then they also have to present their financials in particular time periods. So, strict enforcement of that law should be there. Okay. What are the significance of all India services? So, all India services and the Sages at the unity of the country, they work at the centre as well as the state level. So, the federal structure could be extended with the role played by all India services. Should there be more all India services? So, with regard to various services, all India services, new all India services have been proposed, public health and judicial services in for instance. I think yes, there should be more all India services because this improves the unity of the country and wins the right and the most brightest talent into these services. The bureaucrats all take on nexus, that is the important part of criticism and also scrutiny. What is your take on that? The bureaucrats have to work constantly with the political incentives to fulfill the vision that have been discharged. Unmolding nexus is between the two, disrupts the idea of any services that are being provided to people. It leads to corruption and misallocation of resources. Addupent measures should be taken to curb this unfolding nexus but cooperation between the two should be there. Last question. What is the concept of direct benefit transfer? Sir, direct benefit transfer has been suggested in the recent times to prevent the transfer through various middle channels to the people and instead following up a digitized identity or authentic transfer to the people. This has already been done in respect of some of the subsidies. Can you think of our two examples? Sorry sir, I am not going to do that. Okay, thank you. How much saving this dbt has brought about it to the government? Sorry sir, I am not going to have to pick up. 80,000. This is for the mistress's sake. Thank you sir. How many Chandan accounts have been opened so far? Sorry sir, I am not going to have to pick up. No? No sir. Are you reading newspapers? Yes sir. Did you take a look at the budget? Yes sir. Budget says in the last 5 years 34 crore, 34 crore accounts have been opened. You are not reading? Sir, I am not reading. What is the constitutional provision which governs the relationship between NG and the rest of the government? It says article 239 AA. Now last year our government announced a budget claiming that they are making huge allocations to health and education. How much percentage of the GDP did they allocate for these two subjects? Sir, I said not a much. What is this controversy about NRC in North East? So NRC is a national register of citizens. Recently the Supreme Court has mandated that the people who are legal citizens of India, their register should be made in the NRC. And the process should be expedited so that illegal immigration could be curbed from the public. So then what happened? How many people were excluded? So 40 lakh people were excluded. So then there was a furrow, then again some issues have cropped up. What is Supreme Court saying now? So the exclusion of 40 lakh people is on the ground of them not having the right documents. So time was given to the Assam government to further start the process. Do you view their cases also? Yes. So what is the final date now? Sorry sir, madam. You read it? Yes sir. They have given you your rights. Now social economic justice, right? What are the provisions in the constitution which are enforceable provisions? For promoting social economic justice, give some provisions. Can I think some? Yes. Under Article 15, where affirmative action? 15. You just give the provision. Article 16. 16. 15. 16. Article 23. Why 23? Regarding the trafficking. We were 23. 24 regarding child labour. Child labour. Good. Excellent. You are doing well. What else? These other things. These unable to be posted. What about 17 actually? Yes sir. Article 17. Anti-civility and prohibition of titles. Yes. Maharaja and Maharaja. Yes. What about 73 and 44 of them themselves? Yes. They also provide justice or not? Yes. How? Because they improve. Give reservation to women. The back should be processed. Right? Now what is ICDC? Integrated Child Development Scheme. ICDS. So, Integrated Child Development Scheme. Ames at Providing. The basic services of health, nutrition and basic education of 0 to 6 years to children through Anganwadi services and auxiliary mutilaries. And also for women also. Yes. For the pregnant and the lactating. Alright. So, have you said you are at the budget? Yes sir. Yes sir. How much allocation is there for ICDS now this year? So, 50% has been there. There has been increase of 50% with regard to the salaries. No, no, no. You have been treated. Sorry sir. I have been treated. Only 18%. Sorry. So, what is the total amount? Sir. Alright.  Sir, I read a poetry and non-fiction books. Non-fiction. Which is the latest, you read? Sir, the latest I have read is Sapience by Yuvan Noah Harali. Sapience by? Yuvan Noah Harali. Okay. What does it say? Sir, it says about the evolution of human needs. So, from, right from the, when the humans were evolved from the apes to the superhumans that we are envisaging through the advancement in technology. This book details about how sapience have evolved over the years. Over the years. Yes. And when did this change take place? That from? From, from us, we became a thinking people, you know, sapience. When did this change take place? How many years ago? So, I don't remember the year but it was a cognitive revolution which took place, which made sapience a thinking species and distinguished it from the other animal species. So, I don't remember the year but it was a cognitive revolution which took place, a thinking species and distinguished it from the other animal species. Now, does it in any way use the Darwinian theory or cognitive Darwinian theory? Yes, sir. It does use the Darwinian theory of natural selection. However, because of the cognitive revolution, human beings gained an edge over the other species and therefore their survival became much more, more chances of their survival to face. And what point do you like? Sir, I write all the kinds of poetry but mostly on the observation poetry. Names of poets? So, I followed John Keats, Rupi Kaur in the recent times, then T.S. Eliot in the recent years. Which poem of John Keats is your favorite? Oat to the autumn. Oat to autumn. English literature was instant. That's why you like all this, right? So, we close the interview. I will give you a little feedback. You have performed very well. You have been to most of the question nicely. We assess that your main interview, your interview would be largely based on your death and on current affairs, on constitutional issues and so forth. That is why we have asked you questions. Since you're from Delhi, we have asked you questions on Delhi. There is the safety, water problem, state government, relationship with the LG, what has been the tussle. Then you check upon this budget itself. Then current affairs, I think you take a second look at the budget. There is a lot of information about the welfare programs. There is a lot of electrification and so on. Ujjula, Ujjala, all this is contained. It's just over 3-4 pages, but then it has a very important information. And also on social welfare programs, especially women uplift. Then we have asked you about your hobbies and you have given the absolutely correct replies. It's very good. In current affairs, I would suggest you should also take a look at important things like America has walked away from the nuclear treaty. Now, Mr. Putin has also known that we are also scrapping it. What is this treaty, intercontinental ballistic missile treaty? And what is the reason that they are acting like this? Then Venezuela, Oahu, Hawaii, these are some of the important areas. So, we have to look at the current affairs very carefully. Supreme Court's major judgements say that they like to talk about human privacy, etc. All the important things are like 497. Then there is Supreme Court is dealing with cases like surveillance on computers and low power bill. It's dealing with 1,100 encounters in UP. These are some of the important issues. Mr. Yagavati, I'm sure you will be able to handle the interviews. 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From VOA Learning English, this is the technology report in special English. China has new rules that require people to use their real names when registering for internet services. The rules also require internet companies operating in China to remove material said to be objectionable. Chinese lawmakers approved the measures on December 28th at the end of a five-day meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The new rules say network service providers must strengthen management of information released by users. The providers have been ordered to stop the spread of banned information and to deal with the problem. The Xinhua news agency says those steps include removing the information from the internet and reporting it to the government. Chinese officials say the rules are aimed at protecting the personal information and stopping abuses like junk email. But critics say real name registration will discourage individuals from reporting corruption and official abuses because they are afraid of possible action against them. The new internet regulations go into effect as the Chinese government campaigns against virtual private networks or VPNs. Some reports say the government is increasing its effort to block VPNs. Duncan Clark is an advisor to Stanford University's Graduate School of Business. He says there is often an increase in internet censorship during sensitive events like the recent 18th Communist Party Congress, which named China's new leaders. He says these periods are normally followed by reduced enforcement. But this time he says it is unclear if that will be the case with the new leadership. For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Prasuty.


In this section, we're going to talk about maintaining your work once it's live. First of all, when we create a page on Wikipedia, it's important to remember that we don't own that page or ultimately control the content. So any editor from around the world can go in and continue to edit your page, which is ultimately a good thing because it strengthens your work. Another editor may add an update to your page, a new award, a new publication, a stronger reference, or maybe even an image. And that means that you can do the same to other pages as well. We're all collaborating together to make Wikipedia a better and more equitable place. But sometimes you might see that someone has removed part or even all of your page, which can be pretty disheartening. And if this happens, there has to be a good reason. If a section has been removed, often this can be because it's not adequately referenced. So adding an additional reference or two might resolve this. If a section hasn't been rewritten or paraphrased enough, the content can be removed for potential copyright violations if it's just too similar to the original source. Remember that you can't copy and paste content across from copyright sources. You might also notice that someone's added some categories at the bottom of your page. And this is actually really helpful, as it helps to link your page to other relevant or similar pages, making it more discoverable. Sometimes editors will also add an external links section to the bottom, just below the references section. And this is a great way to link to other places where archives are held or oral histories or images that might remain in copyright. Worst case scenario, your page can be flagged for deletion. And often this happens when you've struggled to make the case for notability. To find out why your page has been deleted, head to the contributions section of Wikipedia under the drop-down menu. If you scroll down to the bottom and click on articles created, you can see how many pages have been deleted. If you click on these and select the relevant page, you can then see an explanation of why another editor decided to delete the page. And this can help identify what issues you might need to address. Understanding why other editors have made changes to your page can be really useful. So you can go to the history tab and see what changes have been made and why. Every editor also has their own watch list. And this is a list of any changes that are made to pages that you have created or worked on day by day. To access your watch list, you can click on this icon here. You can see every change made listed under recent dates and a summary of what changes were made. And this can help identify if there's been any vandalism or even to see the great work that other editors are doing or have done to help grow the content that you've worked on in the past. So when you create a page, it is automatically added to your watch list. You can also add other pages to your watch list if you want to by clicking here and select how long you wish to monitor these changes. If there are any other major changes to pages you've worked on or any time you're mentioned, you will also see a notification which is an alert or notice that might appear here and then you can see what's occurred. You can also update your notification preferences so that you can be emailed about certain activities on Wikipedia if you want to. But this is totally optional. When major changes are made to a page you have created or worked on you can discuss those changes with the other editors on the talk page. Every article has a talk page behind it as we covered in chapter 6 where you can see any discussion about that page. To reply to a comment, you can simply select reply. If you're a new editor, make sure the visual editor is selected. You can add your comment and then select the blue reply button and it will automatically add your username and the date and the time. If there have been changes to a page you've been working on and you want to discuss them, you can create a new discussion by selecting the add topic button and then mention that user so that they know that you're wanting to have a conversation with them. You will be notified when they reply. It's important that we engage respectfully with other editors because it's really nice to thank people for the contributions that they've made. So to thank someone, you can go to the history tab and just select thank next to the edit that they've made. It's really nice to thank others and to be thanked as well. Of course, there's so much more to editing Wikipedia. In fact, we learn something every time we edit. That's part of the joy of it. Thanks for watching our Wikipedia tutorial and all the best creating and editing your pages.