So let's take a poll so that I can get a fair bit of idea here. Why you guys are here?  That's their day job, okay? So others are here just because they are curious. That actually makes a lot of sense, because I'm also along with you guys. My experience mainly has been building distributed applications. I work for a company called Typeship. That's mainly what I've done, played with Scala, Acca, play framework for a little bit. But recently I moved to a Spark team. We have a Spark team where we contribute stuff to Spark streaming. So this presentation is essentially going to be... kind of share my experience for the last six months, and the way I'm seeing this space, big data space is evolving, okay?  I'm probably going to end up with lots of questions here, and maybe that's a good thing, so that you guys can go back and explore this field a little bit, because it's still evolving. But one of the things that I'm realizing when I've been doing programming for a while is I've been watching this big data space. I'm going to define these terms shortly. What does big data mean and all that stuff? From the fence, looking at this world of Hadoop and how it's evolving and lots of interesting stuff, like programming analytics, now there's a streaming bit of things coming in. And as a programmer realizing the types of problems the business is solving, because most of the technology changes can be driven by, typically get driven by business requirements, is as a programmer's for the folks we have and rest the hand yet, it's becoming very, very critical skill to have to at least understand how this space or how to work with this large amount of data. Because if you think about it, data is the kind of problem we solve day in, day out in type of programming we do. What is changing is essentially the sheer amount of data that we have to handle here or the way the data is getting produced. I think it's becoming very, very important and critical skills for any programmer out there. So let's define this term big data. What does that mean to you? Shout it out. We're going to make this very interactive, otherwise I'm going to sleep. Please, shout it out. What is it big data means? Data is where? High rated data. Okay, what else? Unorganized. Unstructured, unorganized, okay? You cannot fit in in one machine. In the memory, in the file system, I'm going to show you what else.


Now, in this we have two types of structure possible, in the final way we have two types of structure. The first one is normal spinal structure, write down, normal spinal, see all these are memory based, but they ask question on this, you cannot believe all these things, normal spinal structure, write down, in this structure O2 minus O charges 2 in this one, O2 minus O2 minus forms FCC packing, this information is very important, O2 minus FCC next slide, divalent A plus 2 write down, A plus 2 ion occupy 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void, 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void and half of octahedral void and half of octahedral voids are occupied by B3 plus ion or trivalent ion. Now, you tell me how many O2 minus ion are present, number of O2 minus ion depending upon that information, O2 minus what are you doing, O2 minus where is present? FCC, FCC, FCC right, FCC is O2 minus what will happen, O2 minus, okay, number of A plus 2, A plus 2 where is present? 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void, 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void, how many tetrahedral voids are there, 8th of 8th of 1 by 8th, so 8 2 plus, what about B3 plus, half of octahedral, so octahedral of 4, 4 into 1 by 2, so 2, though we again A B2 O4, A B2 O4, structure is A B2, okay, now if the question forms like this that in normal spinal structure, we remove all the atoms present in the void diagonal, okay, you should know that B3 plus octahedral are present, 8th octahedral are present, at the veto you can say how many B3 plus trivalent cations are there or trivalent cations are there, okay, so this information you should know, at least once you know this three, you can do all those things, okay, next example of this you write down, 7A2O4, MZ2O4, MZ2O4, MZ2O4, ZNFE2O4, okay, one question they haven't asked till date in this, if I ask you the ratio of what, ZNFE2O4, the ratio of tetrahedral void and octahedral void which are occupied, what is the answer in this, number of TVs and OVs which are occupied, how many TVs are occupied, 1A2 plus H, only 1 TV occupied, so 1 TV occupied, how many OV occupied, 2, so answer is 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, okay, other way the code TV by OV unoccupied, how many TVs, TV store was occupied, 7 is unoccupied, right, so 7 divided by 2, 4 is 2 occupied, okay, next one, inverse spinal structure, normal spinal then inverse spinal structure, write down again, O2 minus CCP, okay, next time, divalent cation, sorry, divalent cation are occupied by 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void, okay, 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void, trivalent phase there is a difference, V3 plus may, 1 by 8th of TV occupied, plus 1 by 4th of OVV occupied, okay, 1 by 8th of tetrahedral void is occupied by trivalent cation and 1 by 4th of octahedral void is also occupied by trivalent cation, okay, so how many trivalent cation will be there, 1 by 8th of TV is 1, 1 by 4 of TV is 1, number of tetrahedral void, A2 plus what will happen, 1 by 8th of TV, A1, so it is 1 O2 minus 4th of FCC formula is AB O2, semi formula, right, AB2 O2, okay, AB2 O4, now H is our, you know all this, that overall if you see 1 tetrahedral void is occupied by trivalent cation and 1 tetrahedral void is occupied by trivalent cation, means what, equal percentage of tetrahedral void is occupied by both trivalent and trivalent cation, means they can give you options like this, so you should know this, 1 tetrahedral void, trivalent, what is trivalent void, divalent, apart from trivalent 1 octahedral void is also occupied by the trivalent cation, okay, inverse and spineless functions, any trivalent, okay, now what is the ratio of TV by OV occupied in this, how many TV is occupied, how many TV is occupied, AB3 plus in TV made or AB2 plus in TV made, so though occupies are right, 2 TV and how many OV, only 1, right, 2 by 1, all occupied out of 8, 2 are, so we have 6 and 3, so again 2 is 2, next slide down, corundum structure, the last one, corundum, L2 O3 type, A2 O3 simply, right, A2 O3 type structure, like we have A2 O3 examples, we can also have F E2 O3, all these are corundum structures, right on into this, O2 minus forms HCP arrangement, forms HCP arrangement and 2 third of the tetrahedral void are occupied by 2 third of the tetrahedral void are occupied by trivalent cation, A3 plus, trivalent cation is A3 plus, number of O2 minus is what, number of O2 minus, what 1 1, 1 by 6 is 6, HCP made, we have 1 2 3 4 5 6, 1 2 3 5 6, so we have 12 corundums and the distribution is what, among 6, this is structurally, and it is 1 2 3 in this plane and 3 is 2 per unit, so quadrant item contribution is 1 by 6, okay, so 12 by, so 12 into 1 by 6, 2 into 1 by 2 or D here, okay, so if we ask you, number of TVs, what will happen, N was TV, 2 N, FCC, we have 8 tetrahedral void, okay, so FCC does that effective at 4, so we have 2 into 4 8, why so happen, number of, can you work with me, number effective at M is N, then the number of tetrahedral void will be 2 N, and number of octahedral void will be N, it is not only for cubic, okay, so number of TVs will be 12, number of OVs will be 6, number of O2 minus, what will be 6, because N simply form, right, A3 plus, 2 third of tetrahedral void, so 2 by 3 of TVs, right, so A8 O6, A4, 2 third of octahedral void, or TVs, corundum, 2 third of octahedral void, it is not tetrahedral, I say tetrahedral, okay, so it is octahedral, it is not tetrahedral, okay, change this, so it should be 6, A over, and then it is A4 A2, okay, A4 O3 if it is there, then the molecule is not neutral, you can check, okay, so that is also one idea, okay, now in this one, there are 2-3 structures we have into this, like 2-3 different oxides, we have corundum structure, I have given you the example of this, like you have written Fe2 O3, right, so it is oxides of iron, Fe2 O3, as this structure CR2 also, O3 has this kind of structure, okay, so now in this we write down the first one, the structure of oxides of iron, in this only, corundum we are looking at this, structure of oxides of iron, the last one for this, the first one we write down FeO, the structure of FeO, FeO write down O2-O2- forms CCP packing, forms CCP packing, and Fe2 plus occupy all octahedral point, okay, next one, this lattice is similar to rock salt lattice, NaCl, rock salt lattice NaCl, it is a non stoichiometry compound, and some of the Fe2 plus ions in octahedral void, some of the Fe2 plus ions in octahedral voids are replaced by Fe3 plus ion, Fe2 plus replaced by Fe3 plus ion to maintain electrical neutrality, okay, so if one Fe3 plus ion is replacing the Fe2 plus ion, so to maintain electrical neutrality is what, three, see we have this, we have Fe3 plus, Fe3 plus replaced Fe2 plus, to maintain electrical neutrality is what the charge must be same, it is getting exchanged, right, so two Fe3 plus replace how many Fe2 plus ions, three Fe2 plus, to maintain electrical neutrality what we can say, two Fe3 plus ion replace three Fe2 plus ion, okay, the, see the structure is similar to that we have rock salt structure, but it is a non stoichiometry compound, the actual formula is Fe0.95O, this is the formula here, non stoichiometry, so like you see here it is not one, oxygen is one, this is not electrical neutrality, to maintain this electrical neutrality this exchange takes place, some of the Fe2 plus ion is replaced by Fe3 plus to maintain the neutrality, okay, this is one thing, not that important, next one we write down here, a structure of Fe2O3, Fe2O3, it is similar to the corundum structure, which has O2 minus HCP that is an Fe3 plus two third of octahedral point, okay, similar to that, Fe3O4 the next one we have all, I am not doing this one now, Fe3O4 we have already discussed this, okay, it is spiral structure, FeO dot Fe2O3, so O2 minus and Fe2 plus and Fe3 plus, trivalent and divalent where tell me here, okay, so it has similar that spiral structure tells me here, okay.


Hello friends, welcome to Indian Radiologist. On today's video, we will be speaking on a basic guideline that we require to prepare a radiology department so that we are prepared for COVID-19. As we know, COVID-19 is the recently discovered virus that has been labeled as a pandemic by WHO. Although most of the patients come with common cold, many patients progress to a severe acute respiratory syndrome which has led to very high infection rates and deaths in China as well as Italy and Iran. As of 21st March 2020, India has 283 confirmed cases but the cases are expected to rise as more and more testing is being conducted on citizens across the country. COVID-19 is a much more infectious disease compared to influenza as we can see from this chart and from a clinical perspective the symptoms occur about two to 14 days after exposure which may start with a sore throat but can progress to fever, cough and shortness of breath. Now the problem with coronavirus from a clinical perspective is that especially people who are in close contact with one another within about six feet through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is also possible that the person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has a virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose or possibly their eyes. This virus also has the ability to stay on surfaces for a long period. For example, on plastic and stainless steel it can stay for almost up to two to three days and while working there are certain guidelines we need to follow especially in the department of radiology. Although CT scan was touted as one of the main imaging criteria to diagnose COVID-19, we now know that they are no longer part of the diagnostic criteria for COVID-19. The initial CT findings of course start with peripheral brown grass infiltrates and one can also get crazy paving and organizing nemonias. Lab tests are the test of choice to diagnose COVID-19 and CT is being used only in certain circumstances. So how do we protect ourselves and our staff from COVID-19? So the checks have to start at various levels starting with entering the hospital at the hospital entrance itself. Patients coming in have to be asked about travel history. A fever check has to be done with infrared. People entering the hospital have to wear a mask. Strictly no visitors have to be allowed when coming into the hospital. An accompanying person has to be allowed in only if necessary. Once they pass this first check post and move towards the radiology department we are looking at protocols for the patient, for the radiology personnel and for the radiologists. Patients we have to understand that the elderly should come first because as you know from recent data which is available right from China to Italy to the US. Most of the deaths that have been occurring have occurred in the higher age group above 60 onwards. The US chart is of course of the intensive care admissions. So the elderly should be taken up first should not be made to wait. All people coming in contact with each other should be wearing a mask at all times. It's a good idea when the people enter the radiology department at the door itself there's a hand wash which is available. The hand wash should be made compulsory for all those entering the radiology department. A dedicated history has to be asked from the patients. This of course might go once we move from stage 2 to stage 3 and it becomes a community transmission but even then people who are coming in contact with those who have traveled abroad stand a higher chance of having the COVID-19. So even history of contact with people who have traveled abroad should be asked from these patients. Another important thing is that try to push away unnecessary testing. So those tests which are not considered urgent by the department should be deferred by at least one to two weeks until this phase passes.  So you'd rather keep the sharper and the smarter technical staff on the front desk. They need to ask for travel history. They need to request the patients to wear a mask. Strictly no visitors should be allowed in the department or accompanying persons only if necessary. The staff will need to wear an N95 mask. They will need to be encouraged to wash their hands frequently. The timings of the staff need to be staggered. So ideally all staff who are working on an 8-hour shift needn't be at the counter at one time. They could be split into four or five-hour duties because if by chance one does come in contact with a positive patient then that staff will have to be quarantined. So if many are working together then the entire group may have to be quarantined. So that is something we need to bear in mind when we are making the duty list for the radiology personnel and technicians. If they do need to work together in one room you will have to delineate spaces so there is less mingling of staff. A similar plan has to be made for radiologists. You need to stagger their timings so that they don't come into contact with each other. You need to work solo on workstations. As we reach for our shift or duty we need to wipe down our keyboard or mouse before starting work. CT and MR radiologists can work from home for the next couple of weeks and do tele-reporting or report on the packs. We need to make a WhatsApp team of the department and discuss online daily if there are any suspected cases that have come about. All schedule meetings which we have with paraclinical or clinical staff need to be cancelled so you will not be coming in contact with those people and if possible you can conduct online meetings on Zoom or on WhatsApp or Google Duo. As radiologists we know we expect to see the changes that many papers have spoken about but we must realize that CT is not the imaging test for choice as of today. In a letter published on March 12 in intensive care medicine ultrasound scans have been used to help monitor patients with COVID-19 and they've used lung ultrasound to monitor more than a dozen patients in China with COVID-19 infections and the findings they have pointed out are five characteristic findings actually which include pleural line thickening and irregularity, a variety of B lines which are focal or multifocal, a few consolidation patterns and visible A lines during the recovery phase. Rare occurrence of pleural effusions has also been documented on ultrasound. So these findings would be useful in monitoring patients in the ICU itself on a portable setting rather than getting the patient down each time to the radiology department for either ultrasound or for CT scanning. Of course these findings will be predominantly found on ultrasound only if the lesions of the lung are close to the pleura. CT imaging is reserved only for those patients in whom patient management may be affected those with COVID-19 or in whom an alternative diagnosis must be ruled out. So whenever a call comes from the ICU for a portable x-ray or due precautions and due diligence must be performed the healthcare personnel entering the patient's room should be wearing an N95 mask ideally eye protection as well and a gown and gloves. On taking the x-ray thin sheet can be used to cover the x-ray to prevent it from contact with the patient. Once the x-ray is done the sheet can be discarded. If a suspected patient or a positive patient does need to come down for a CT scan the idea would be to conduct this examination towards the end of the day as the last patient. Once the scan is done a deep cleaning should be initiated and there should be a one hour downtime for passive air exchange reports can be sent to all staff members and to the ICU by electronic means like via email or by a text message. So in summary the radiology workflow would work something like this. If there is a clinical suspicion for COVID-19 present the RT-PCR test is the screening modality of choice and there is no need for imaging for screening or evaluation of COVID-19. If an alternative diagnosis is being considered that would affect management a portable imaging if possible should be done and that would start with a chest x-ray. This chest x-ray should be performed with due diligence and precautions. If imaging is required in the radiology department it would be a first CT again using due precautions taking care of droplet infection with the technicians and all staff in the room wearing N95 mask and protective gear. The test should be at the end of the day the last scan preferably if possible so that a deep cleaning can be initiated of the CT scan room. If it is done in the middle of the day when the department is still going to continue after this patient at least a one hour time interval needs to be taken before you conduct the next scan. We need to try the most to limit the imaging on a portable basis in the form of x-rays and ultrasound can be used as a supplement once a CT diagnosis is established and monitor these patients based on the B lines that we see on ultrasound.


Hello and welcome. In this video, we will examine key themes related to George Orwell's novella Animal Farm, as well as the main quotes you should remember for the main themes, as well as word level analysis that you can do for all of the quotations. Okay. So in this lesson, we'll be looking at the theme of class as it's presented in Animal Farm, as well as the main quotes you should consider if you're writing about this theme either for your course worker exams. Remember class is really important. Of course, when you think about context in Animal Farm, the animals, the revolution that happened is contextually related to the Russian revolution that occurred in Russia in 1917. Okay. So prior to 1917, Russia used to be a monarchy. Okay. And Zah Nicholas was the reigning monarchy. Okay. However, during this period when he was the monarch, Russia was incredibly divided between the bourgeois and the upper class, the very small percentage and portion of upper class who enjoyed a really luxurious lives versus the vast majority of working class people and especially peasants in Russia who lived very difficult and damaging lifestyles. Okay. And of course, the Russian Revolution occurred when Russia became a communist country and it was renamed the USSR in order. Initially, the initial aims was to redress this imbalance between classes. Okay. So to basically create class equality across all Russians. However, what then happened once the USSR took force and especially after the rise of Stalin as its leader, these old class divisions basically started resurfacing. The only difference is that the people who were at the top who enjoyed the perks of being upper class were Stalin and his very intense inner circle of people. Okay. So the people who worked for him, however, the majority of Russians still ended up having very difficult lives. Indeed, arguably a little bit more challenging under Stalin than maybe it was under Zah Nicholas. Okay. So in terms of animal farm, you want to obviously consider how before the animals revolted and the revolution happened, the animals are having a really difficult life. And there was a class division between the humans and the animals. Okay. So the humans represent the bourgeois, the upper class of Russia before 1917. Whilst, of course, the animals represent the working class majority, the peasants, especially the Russian peasantry population. However, the animal farms take the revolution takes place. And then the animals take over animal farm. Of course, this represents the proletariat take over. Okay. So this is the working class take over in Russia. And Napoleon represents Stalin whilst, of course, snowball represents Trotsky, the intellectual. Okay. And once Napoleon takes power, these old division surface, there's a period of, you know, bliss where all the animals are treated equally. However, once Napoleon takes power and it becomes really corrupt, basically class divisions occur within the animals. However, at the top of the hierarchy are now the pigs, as well as the dogs, which are basically the henchmen of the pigs, their protectors, whilst the rest of the animals lead very terrible lives. And actually, the lives are much worse than it was under farmer Jones. Okay. So now with that lengthy introduction, let's have a look at the quotations you can use to analyze and discuss the theme of class. And of course, the first quotation relates to old major speech, old major representing Karl Marx. Okay. So old major stated, the life of an animal is misery and slavery. Okay. So of course here, what this is showing is how difficult life was for the animals under farmer Jones. The class divisions existed between the animals who basically did all the heavy labor, all the heavy hard work and produced all of this stuff for the humans and the humans, farmer Jones and his men were really lazy and they didn't really care about the animals and the wellbeing. Okay. And of course this shows the massive class between the animals and the humans. However, of course, this is used to represent the vast division between son Nicholas and the small population of people in Russia before the revolution who are very well to do versus the majority of peasants who lived very difficult lives. The one love analysis you want to do here for this quotation is the words misery and slavery which belong to the semantic field of suffering. Okay. The second quotation relating to class is when old major also states man is the only creature that consumes without producing ellipsis, yet he is Lord of all the animals. Okay. Now this is what we call a declarative sentence. Remember declarative sentences is a sentence that states a fact feeling or mood. So basically old major is saying that men are lazy. They, all they do is just eat what the animals create. Of course that's basically how farm, farm life is like. Okay. So we as humans enjoy all the produce of animals whilst animals, the ones that basically have to do all this back breaking labor. Okay. Now of course again, this is highlighting the class divisions between the men in farm under farmer Jones is rule versus the animals who lived really difficult lives. And this is illustrated as I mentioned, not only through the declarative sentence, but you also want to focus on the hyperbole describing man as Lord. Okay. So obviously elevating the status of man almost as like this God. And you want to focus on the words consuming consumes and producing. And this highlights how the men are really, really wasteful. They don't really care about animals whilst they're also very lazy. Okay. So this juxtaposition of these two words and especially and then of course they are verbs as well. Okay. The next quote to highlight for class and to consider is when we learn of course that the kind of principle of animalism, which is all men are enemies or animals or comrades. Okay. And again, this establishes a class separation and the class divide between the men on the one hand who are seen as the enemies and the animals who are seen as a good guys. Okay. And of course this is the main principle of animalism. Now the word love analysis you want to do here is the repetition firstly of the word all. Okay. Again, this is showing the synthetic idea of men and animals occupy different classes. However, it's up to the animals to make sure that they elevate the status by revolting also the juxtaposition of the oxymorons enemies and comrades. Remember comrades is another way of saying people you fight alongside your friends. Okay. And of course that's oxymoron. Okay. And what this does is it establishes a two separate classes. Okay. The men who have the power versus the animals who are powerless, but of course the animals rise up. The other quotation relating to the theme of class is when of course the principles of animalism would be trade by Napoleon. Okay. He becomes really corrupt. Kind of like the way Joseph Stalin became very corrupt and the principles of communism were violated. And basically he did more and more to justify having all of this power, all of this amazing life. However, he also justified most of the Russians still living really rubbish lives. Okay. This is emphasising this quotation or animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. And of course this illustrates how the pigs and the dogs were more equal than the rest of the animals. So basically the class divides that first disappeared when the animal farm took over and the revolution occurred. These class divisions now have resurfaced kind of like the way initially when communism was established in the US assault, which is obviously Russia, these class divisions disappeared for a while, but then they resurfaced again. Okay. It's only the, the, the only difference was that the person who was at the top changed from being a monarch, because on Nicholas to now being Stalin. Okay. Now in terms of word of analysis, firstly, focus on the abstinence of a and all animals that are, and also the repetition of equal to emphasise the irony that of course the animals are definitely not equal. Okay. And the final thing to focus on is more than, okay, more equal than, which is a comparative adjective. Okay. And of course, this is kind of what play how what play is used to reinforce these class divisions between the animals. Okay. So now the animals are divided. The other thing, which obviously illustrates class divisions that have resurfaced under the reign of Napoleon and of course, which illustrates how Napoleon is really, really opportunistic. He's very corrupt is when we learned that actually under his rule, the farm became more productive, but actually the lives of the animals grew worse. Okay. And this is illustrated through the quote, the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer except ellipsis for the pigs and the dogs. Okay. So now a distinct class of animals emerged as a result of Napoleon's corruption and the betrayal of the principles of animalism. So the class now at the top were the pigs and the dogs as opposed to the rest of the animals who are basically now working class peasants. Okay. Now the word of analysis you want to do here is firstly the repetition of the word richer. Okay. To emphasise how actually the farm became more productive, but things in divisions grew even worse. Okay. And of course these divisions are illustrated verse in the nouns pigs and dogs, which emphasises the class divisions returning on animal farm and the principles of animalism being betrayed. The final quotation, which you can relate to class is of course how Napoleon elevates himself as kind of part of the elite and he tells all the animals and of course they have to always remember Napoleon is always right. And the main word of analysis you want to do here is adjective right. This idea that, you know, you can never question him. He's now a dictator. And of course again this solidifies this class divide. He's like a Lord kind of going back to this, this notion of instead of man being Lord anymore, it's now Napoleon, a pig being Lord. And then of course this is also a declarative sentence, which basically almost positions the animals, the rest of the animals as being of a lower class and status and Napoleon being at the top in terms of his class and status. So that's really it. When it comes to analysing key quotations relating to class for animal farm, but do make sure you come back for subsequent lessons where we will look at the other key themes as well as key quotations to remember for those themes in animal farm. Thank you so much for listening.


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You are the modern band of brothers and sisters. You walk in the footsteps of giants like we did, coming from the greatest generation through Vietnam, through all the conflicts that the 173rd has been a part of. Unlike other battalions and brigades in the army that I talked to, they won't receive a no-notice, go stand in the door and do the unaccomplishable. But the 173rd has always been that first call.  Twenty years ago, sky soldiers just like these left our home here in Vicenza then raked up for a jump into Northern Iraq. Now some would say that 969 sky soldiers against six divisions is an unfair fight. But we all know that any fight against a sky soldier is going to be unfair to the opposition. We answered the call in 2003 because the world fears you. This is a part of your identity. You now represent everybody who came before you. And that is the burden that you take forward just like we did, ready to receive that call to do the unthinkable. Godspeed.


T. Harve Ecker, an American author and entrepreneur, once described the rich as people who are willing to do the things others don't want to do. According to him, are you willing to work 16 hours a day? Rich people are. Are you willing to work 7 days a week and give up most of your weekends? Rich people are. Are you willing to sacrifice seeing your family, your friends, and give up your recreations and hobbies? Rich people are. Are you willing to risk all your time, energy and start-up capital with no guarantee of returns? Rich people are. You see, rich people don't become wealthy all of a sudden, except in the case of an inheritance. They become rich by learning and imbibing specific lifestyle changes or habits that eventually lead to success. Lewis Howes, a professional football player said, I have learnt that champions aren't just born, champions can be made when they embrace and commit to life-changing positive habits. Your habits either make you or break you and in the case of rich people it makes them and these habits are responsible for separating them from poor people. John Jacob Astor, an American businessman said, wealth is largely the result of habit. In this video I'll share with you 10 habits that separate the rich from the poor. If you're new here, consider subscribing so you won't miss other interesting videos like this. 1. Rich people read and learn a lot. Rich people have a growth mindset. They understand the importance of growing and being a better version of themselves. Hence, they are always finding new ways to learn something and also spend their time reading a lot to learn from people who are ahead of them.  Poor people, on the other hand, don't like reading. However, for those who love reading, the difference between both parties is that whereas rich people read self-improvement and educational materials, poor people read mostly for entertainment. They believe education ends outside school. Steve Sybold said, Walk into a wealthy person's home and one of the first things you'll see is an extensive library of books they've used to educate themselves on how to become more successful. The truth is that if you're not learning, then you're not growing. Rich people set goals, not wishes. That you have a big dream or vision doesn't mean that they'll automatically happen without setting goals and putting plans in place to achieve your goals. Rich people understand this. Hence, they set goals. Napoleon Hill, the author of Think and Grow Rich said, A goal is a dream with a deadline. The thing about setting goals is that it forces individuals to visualize the required steps to arrive at the desired result. And when this is done, you'll be able to focus in the right direction and set the right target. According to Orison Swett Marden, an American inspirational author, all who have accomplished great things have a great aim, have fixed their gaze on a goal which was high, one which sometimes seemed impossible. Rich people know how to set goals always, both long and short-term goals. And this is why they become more successful easily than people who do not set goals for themselves. 3. Rich people create to-do lists always. Setting goals is the first step to achieving success. Creating actionable plans, however, will determine whether or not you'll achieve your goals. Todd Stocker, an author and life coach once said, Before you eat the elephant, make sure you know what parts you want to eat. When you create a to-do list, you can easily track and measure your progress when it comes to the necessary steps needed to achieve your goals. According to research, 81% of the wealthy keep a to-do list, while only 19% of the poor do so. 4. Rich people network and volunteer regularly. Networking plays a huge role in increasing your circle of influence. You'll build valuable relationships that can result in more customers or clients, or help you land a better job if you spend time hanging out, volunteering and even giving back to your community. Have you ever wondered why boards and committees of non-profits are made up of wealthy, successful people? This is because they volunteer to add value to their community in any way possible. And also, this becomes a good platform to meet and network with other successful people as well. 5. Rich people constantly provide value for others. According to Brian Tracy, successful people are always looking for opportunities to help others. Unsuccessful people are always asking, What's in it for me? Rich people believe that to become successful, they have to create value for others first. And the more people they can help, the higher their chances of becoming wealthy. But first, it's about creating value for others. 6. Rich people eat right. Eating healthy has been shown to have a tremendously positive effect on performance at work and can dramatically increase energy levels. When Tom Corley, an American author, did his research about the habits of rich people versus poor people, he found that 70% of wealthy people eat less than 300 junk food calories each day, while 97% of poor people eat more than 300. Eating healthy will not only increase your energy levels, but also provide all the nutrients needed for proper brain functioning, as well as body functioning. 7. Rich people stay fit. In addition to eating right is staying fit. Rich people understand that a healthy body usually means a healthy and clear mind. Exercising regularly increases your energy levels, which in turn improves your focus and increases productivity. 8. Rich people know how to promote themselves. Rich people are excellent marketers of themselves. According to T-Half Eka, rich people are willing to promote themselves and their value. Poor people think negatively about selling and promotion. Marketing is all about connecting with people, persuading them and helping them. Here's the thing, if you do not do a good job showing people how valuable what you do is to them, then no one will buy it. It is the how behind what you do, so the more you market yourself and how well you do it, the more money you earn. In simple terms, marketing is about connecting with people, creating value for them and persuading them. 9.  Rich people are result-oriented. They believe in being productive, rather than being busy, because they are result-oriented. Unlike poor people who might spend their entire day doing different things but remain unable to point to something they achieved the whole day. Rich people always ensure that they reach a particular goal by the end of the day. In his book The Secret Mind of a Millionaire, T-Half Eka said, Rich people choose to get paid based on results. Poor people choose to get paid based on time. This is why a poor person would prefer to be paid monthly, weekly or daily for spending their time trying to get something done, whereas rich people prefer to be paid based on their delivery or outcome of a particular project. 10. Rich people learn to be positive about things. Staying positive in a situation that requires you to probably think the worst and act accordingly is a sign of a rich person. They understand that good things and bad things are a part of life. How we receive and react to both circumstances, however, is entirely our responsibility and having the wrong attitude to things will not only succeed in getting you worked up, but also leave you with no better solution to deal with the situation. If you want to be a rich person, you have to think like one and in turn act like one. 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Well, Alan stole my thunder about age jokes, but yes, the reason we are doing this is it was striking that we had some very senior architects at our last event and some giving some very, perspective is based on a lot of experience, but we know that one of the things that the AEA is trying to do is to build a profession of enterprise architecture and be the professional body for practicing enterprise architects. And there are a lot of people younger than those who were on the set last time around. So we thought what we would try and do today is not only get a younger perspective, but also a somewhat regional perspective, the view from Spain. So that we're trying to kind of achieve both those things with this session. And we've had a lot of help in putting this together from the local chapter of the Association of Enterprise Architects. So first person I'd like to ask up and join me is Juan Abal, who is the chair of the local chapter here in Madrid. He's been very helpful in putting it together. So welcome Juan. Have a seat wherever you would like. And next, Mario Gomez Valesco is one of our young enterprise architects. So come join me. Welcome. Daniel. Daniel Aguardo Perez. Thank you Daniel. And Ignacio Marcias Jareño. We I'm doing my best with the names, but thank you for putting up with me. We were due to have one other panelist with the hardest name to pronounce. So unfortunately she can't be with us and I don't have to embarrass myself with her name. But apparently it's not just me. She's from the north and the names are harder up there. So anyway, I'm going to rather than have me introduce these these folk, they're going to introduce themselves a little bit about who they are and what they do. And we'll start with Juan if we may. Well, as you can see, I'm not one of the young practitioners. But I'm here because I am the president of the Spanish chapter. And I have been working in IT for all my life. That it's a lot of years now. And first, as the professor at university, very, very good years that and then working for the Spanish administration, also I know very well the Spanish administration, and then working for IBM. And in the last years, I have been working in enterprise architecture in Spain and Europe and in Latin America, big projects. And well, I have I try to train and to mentor young architects to follow this career and to show them what is all about and how they can progress in their careers. So I'm very concerned and involved in this training of young architects to follow this career. So maybe that's also why I'm here in this part. So my name is Daniel. I have two years of experience in the IT world because I'm 26 years old. And I started in the IT architect career now. And I am knowing this fantastic world. And I hope to be able to grow in this area. I am focused on cloud computing right now. And I started as in an IT program, learning about cloud computing. And now I am trying to grow in the cloud architect career. Hi, my name is Mario Gomez. Currently I work in IBM. I joined IBM six years ago. My first role was an application architect for financial service sector, specifically in payment area. And now I'm a first-grinder architect. And I'm very, very interested in this enterprise architect role because I studied business and financial. This is a mix between IT and business, I think. Thank you. And hello, my name is Nathan Matias. I joined IBM approximately six years and a half ago. I joined IBM as a graduate training program. I did about two or three years as a system administrator working for this VMware. And for the last, let's say three years, I've been working as an IT infrastructure architect. I've been working mainly in new proposals, new engagements, and in part in the outsourcing part. And I'm also part of the, let's say, the lead architect in two contracts inside of IBM in strategic outsourcing. And I'm interested in this event mainly because I work a lot with the infrastructure part. And more and more I'm starting to see that I used to think that the infrastructure was the most important thing. But I'm seeing more and more now that we need to get closer to the business and that what's really important is the business. Okay, I think we'll hear more about that later. But thank you all for the introductions. So as we've heard, we've got some experience, some of you have more than others experience of architecture work and maybe started with an IT background. So what did you know about architecture when you started your current job? Anything that you'd learned? Or did you even know about it beforehand through university or your past? Anyone who wants to have a go at that one? Well, I started computer engineering. So I don't know about the rest of the countries, but in Spain, computer engineering, it's all about developing and programming. So you could have a little bit of architecture, but very, very little and very far from enterprise architecture. As we said, I studied business and finance. And for me, architecture was an arising system or something like that. Okay. Hey, I didn't know this role in the university. I studied computer science and I didn't have any subject about business, about financing, about economic themes. And I didn't know the architect role. And even when I started at IBM, I didn't know this role. It's a few months ago when I started to know what this role does and what's important is this role for an enterprise, for a company. And Juan, you obviously started doing other things and then moved into architecture. Yeah, well, it was since the beginning mostly because it's in the situation in Spain is quite, it's not very good about architecture. In fact, there are engineers and there are some studies about engineering or class of engineers, but there is not a computer science curricula like this, like in other countries. The most similar to computer science was what I did many years ago that was from physics to computing. It was like computer science, but it's no longer available. Now we have the engineers and all they learn is programming and designing system, but not from an architectural point of view. And in fact, from the Spanish chapter, we started a study last year about the situation of the architecture and the enterprise architecture in the Spanish universities, what they think about that if they are interested or not. And unfortunately, we discovered that a few of them were interested in enterprise architecture. And this is the real situation. So it's quite difficult for people that want to be an architect or an enterprise architect to have a clear idea about what is this, what is this role, where they can begin, where are the studies that they can do in the university or in other places. And this is something that we have to change. Well, that whole point about how do I get into enterprise architecture and what's the career path for architects, how do I best prepare myself? That's something that's not unique to Spain. That's probably the most common thing that we get asked at the AEA around the world is how do I do that because it's not clearly defined at this point. So in fact, I was in Mexico last year and it was in a meeting organized by the Mexican chapter and the presenter asked a question to the audience about what do you think is the best career for an enterprise architect. And there were not the consensus. Someone said that the best is some engineer because you are used to rules and the proceedings and the budgets and so on. Others said no, no, it's better software engineer because you know about applications, about IT. There are no consensus. So I think this is something that we have to think about and to develop, to set a more clear path for enterprise architecture. So how did you get into enterprise? What I heard I think was that you don't have an opportunity or you didn't have an opportunity to learn much about enterprise architecture at university. So you started a job and you start to hear about it. Is it you get a taste of it on one project or is there a in your organization, is there a career path for architects right now? Or how did you as individuals land up starting to be interested in architecture? I think that to be an architect is more an attitude that a job preference or a role preference. Because an architect has to be worried about an overview of everything that is involved in our project or is involved in this case in a company. And there are people that is not so worried about the overview but in the depth of a theme or a part of the project. So in my case I like to know the overview of more things or many things more than a specific path of an enterprise or of a project. So I started in the architect role for these reasons. How did you first do architecture or find your way into architecture? Yeah in my current company IBM it was an enterprise architect role but it's necessary a lot of years to knowledge and to access this kind of role and for me it is a very long view for I can access to enterprise architect is my opinion. Well in my case I was working as a system administrator so I kind of got a little bit bored or I saw it was a repetitive task at least. So I wanted to face new challenges so the architect the architect role appeared and at the start I saw it was quite challenging. I saw a lot of things a lot of challenges but after all it's something that I like to do. At the end I like to have a greater view. I like to see how everything works from start to the end. Before I used to only see a little part of the whole system we could say and that's the part I like. And have you had any training opportunities specific to architecture? Is it on the job training or the certifications or other mentoring anything like that that you've been able to take advantage of inside your organization at this point? Any training as an architect for example? Yes we have a career a career framework for this and I think that mentoring is a very good point for everything for any learning plan but for an architect it's difficult to have a specific address to get this role because you have to know about many things and for example for enterprise architect you have to know the business of an industry and it's difficult to learn about this from the IT provider point of view because it's difficult to reach the business processes to know the business direction these kind of points that you need to be a good enterprise architect. I think that if we could involve in a client company or in another industry company that let us see the direction of the business process we could learn more about this role and we could grow in this area more properly. Juan is that a role that the local chapter can help play do you think some mentoring and some sharing of experience from those who have been practicing? Yes this is one of the main objectives is to create awareness about enterprise architecture and to show the young people from the universities or from any company that what they are working at to show them how they can follow this path what they have to do in terms of training in terms of mentoring also in terms of what projects in what sectors because they need some guidance until now we have had very difficult days you know the crisis and so on but we are starting now with more interest and this is something that we feel from our companies that they are getting more interest in enterprise architecture and this is a good chance to go in this field but for these young people they need some guidance and this is something that from our Spanish chapter we are trying to do we also have plans for webinars not only related to one concept but also from for the career to show them how they can start and how they can progress in discovering there's different companies where where they are this is our some of our main and one of the I think one of the main of the more values resources for training is mentoring is staying with a senior architect trying to learn from him or from her and be a shadow or be something like that because if not it's quite difficult to to learn it's very complex to learn but if you learn from someone that has practitioner has practiced for many years it's very easy and it's a very convenient way to to learn in my case I did a program training course called architecture thinking but in this in this course is more focusing to to resolve the business requirement and not understand the business requirement I think well in my case also I did the same that Mario did but in my case what happened is I did it before start doing my role so right I did the course I didn't understand a lot and now if I would redo the course I think I would understand a lot more to you yeah yeah so one of the things I'm hearing is that the role of enterprise architect in Spain is still relatively I don't know about new but relatively rare maybe it's the the a few larger organizations that that have those have those roles do you think there's anything that that that we can do at the at the open group or the AA to help spread awareness or is there do you think there's a movement already starting to build you mentioned one that you feel there's some more interest inside your organization but is it is it shared in say a typical Spanish company no really we are we are receiving requests from the Spanish companies about the enterprise architects to to work with them and to to make some consulting services and this is something new for us because there were only the the big ones and not that he convinced also but we are now receiving more requests from our clients about the enterprise architect so I think that this is because the the work of the open group of the the association of enterprise architects is is is how do you say going to the these companies they are realizing that they have to do something to to improve to innovate to to to change their their companies and that they are realizing that they need this kind of of role so I think this is there is an opportunity now for for us for for the enterprise architects and it's a good a good journey for for for all the these these young people that want to to follow this career or at least they are interested in in follow this career so so it's something is changing and I think it's changing for for the good I think I heard Fernando say earlier that enterprise an enterprise architectural approach isn't really an optional thing anymore it's you've really got to do it so if that's if that reflects a feeling here as well then I'm sure it's going to take off so would you see that that there needs to be a for for the Spanish businesses the Spanish organizations as they are at the moment do you think there needs to be a certain style of approach to enterprise architect team in in Spain as opposed to elsewhere are there any particular local issues or cultural things that would affect how that how how it would be approached well the the main problem is that as we have had very soft years the companies have not hired people and in fact the unemployment in Spain for young people is more than 50 percent and that's one of the problems that we have to to bring here young architects because there are no young architects in the companies in Spain they have not hired anyone in the last five six years so this is the main problem we have to start making these groups of people interested in architecture and be hired by the companies to start doing that because there are a few architects that are doing their job as IT architects now some CIOs are thinking about creating these enterprise architect groups some of them have created but they are they have not a very clear idea about what enterprise architecture is so we have to do more communication and more awareness about what is this that and especially for for the for the people what is that what represents how they can work this is a career they can follow and start giving this idea to the companies in Spain that the only way to to go out of the crisis and to the progress in the companies is to know where to go and this is what the enterprise architect is about so but I think I am positive and optimistic in in this way but we need that these companies hire young people because this is the only way so let's hope that in the next months years they will hire more young people to create this architecture practice and start going on yeah yeah one of one of the things that we hear when we hold these events at different places around the world is that the the value of enterprise architecture is often more clearly seen when in situations where maybe there is a need to start reducing cost or or building from a situation where there's had to be a lot of a lot of cost so maybe the time is is right for Spain right now let's hope so I should have said before we started if there are questions from anyone in the audience then please do let us know raise your hand or or something and Fernando has kindly agreed to translate if there if there's a need to I know we've got we've got one over here um I can see Sonia won't need to translate will you so but um if you could say who you who you are and where you're from Chris I know who you are it is working thank you I'm Chris Ford with the open group I'm the VP for Enterprise Architecture you've mentioned this but I wanted to ask the the folks directly what advice would you give colleagues trying to transition into the enterprise architecture or a domain architecture role based on what you understand the role to be today versus what you understood before if I was and I wish I was your age okay looking to transition into this kind of career what advice would you give to me I think that you you use to to focus or in 90 or in business so my advice is that the the engineering the people that is studying degrees like computer science or something like that that is the starting for being an architect usually my advice is that these people has to be more interested in business and in the problems in his country or in the world because it is going to be a key point for being an enterprise architect not only IT or technologies my advice will be a deep knowledge of the industry not only IT it's necessary to understand the industry involved in the IT project and this will be my my advice well my advice would be first to warn him that he's going to run into a lot of work a lot of trouble a lot of pains not sleeping that would be the first one and the second one I would say that what's nice of being in this part is that I think it's one of the parts where you can influence the most that you can talk to the people in the company that decide and that you can bring your ideas and actually see them change sometimes when you work in a little part you can do little changes if you go higher higher influence you have and that's something that I personally like and I see how it reflects after any more Sonya sorry hi hi I'm Sonya was working hi I'm Sonya Gonzalez from the open group I'm the foreign director for the architecture forum and I have a question for you about the enterprise architecture is really about business and strategy so how do you define any kind of approach or strategy into the association to make the market understand that it's really a business issue and not only a technology issue well well in the Spanish chapter we try to to show these practitioners that it's the the combination of business and technology sometimes someone's say that it's better or you might be most focused on business and transformation and even you you don't have to to have the broad knowledge about it others have the just the opposite opinion but what we're trying to do is to to show the the the IT architects that they have to acquire business skills it's not only IT you have to succeed in and as an enterprise architect you have to start as as Mario said start to thinking about the business about the industries about the problems that our clients have in the in the daily business and in this way you can be able to to make this link between IT and business this is something that in our efforts to to show what is enterprise architect to our associate associates and and the companies and the Spanish companies something that we have we we try to to show them not only the IT but the business the transformations the linking and what is the tradition and exactly but this is something that and this is what I'm worried the the young architects they are focused on IT and for them and this is like when I when I was like them IT is everything that I I I need I'm very comfortable in being an IT architect because I love technology and this is what I like but in in some time in some point you have to to receive some advice from senior architects to show you that there is something more and that maybe in the next year the the focus will be upper in more in business that in IT but someone has to show you and have to to to teach you and to show you the path because you by yourself you are very comfortable in IT and probably you you don't know what is that there are other things and you can have another careers and other paths and it's important to show them that this is the case and and you have these opportunities I know that one had mentioned that the local chapter did a study with with universities to gauge levels of interest in enterprise architecture here and I know from talking with members of the chapter before Spain has some very top business schools some of the highest ranked business schools in the world is there are you sensing any interest from them or is it more from the the undergraduate school this is a lesson learned because we focus our study on the traditional careers telecommunications informatics and so on and we left the business studies of these academies out of our study but now that we know that there are most of them are not interested or present little interest in the architecture maybe we have to change and we have to consider that maybe you have to focus in this business studies and these business schools because maybe some of the people that are accessing these studies come from technology and this can be the perfect mix for for this promotion of enterprise architecture so this is something that this year we we like to do something like the same that we did last year but more focused on business schools and what were the way down I learned about that okay I think there was another question one here and one over there Mohammed from information technology authority Oman my question is to the open group people here the CEO and Spain chapter do you think the enterprise architecture should be part of the IT program or should be enforced in the university programs especially the computer science computer engineering and especially here we are we want to balance between the the idea is that you know from the bus business aspect the the students are not that having the good experience in the business but while they are mainly focusing on the IT and technology and also if you keep them without awareness in their study when they go out they will be new and fresh especially we hear today that you know people they are struggling when they go to the market and so on yeah I think um should I have a go at that first one the I what we've seen around around the world is that there is no doubt a history of architects coming primarily from from IT and that the universities therefore have have not really focused on enterprise architecture now there are exceptions we are seeing whole enterprise architecture programs being offered by universities around the world the one that gets called out very often is Penn State in the US but we we know that there are a lot of others particularly at the post graduate level that are actually offering enterprise architecture courses specifically to to deal with the the kind of issues that you're you're raising and the awareness and prepare people for a career in enterprise architecture I think in terms of should it should it be part of a computer science degree or or equivalent then I would say it would be but I'm probably prejudiced in that but I think equipping people who are leaving university who are thinking at least of a career in architecture whether it's domain architecture or enterprise architecture equipping them with with something before they leave is no doubt a good thing and some universities are I mean in the open group we talk about kind of TOGAF being TOGAF training of certification being a sort of entry level to architecture and then working up along to the open CA certification at the various levels there and some of the universities are now offering TOGAF training inside the university as a module for computer science degree so we're starting to see some of that around the world I can't speak for what what exists in Spain but I'm guessing that isn't happening yet but might happen happen soon but certainly as I mentioned earlier the the a very common question is okay so I'm I think I'm interested in this how do I get there because I don't really have the training and I think one of the things that the association has to do on a global basis is help capture that landscape of relevant experience certifications and training that will allow architects to progress from coming right out of university right the way through a career in architecture or to transition into that career at some point from some other some other field that they're in and that's something that we need to we need to get our arms around there are a few organizations looking at it and ourselves included but I think it will be helpful to capture that landscape and the thing I'd add is it's it's it what I found when we've tried to approach that is it's very difficult to do because there aren't many things that there aren't many subject areas that aren't relevant to architects so you very quickly you can get into areas of project management and and strategy and you know being able to know at least a bit about lots of different subjects all of those things are relevant so it's very hard to say oh well you don't need to worry about this you don't need to worry about that because most things you do so it is quite hard to capture but it is definitely something that that we need to focus on as an organization but I think that we we don't have to to relay only on the university studies or postgraduate studies because the enterprise architecture to be an enterprise architecture is a long way and you have to to learn many things and to practice years and years and what we are trying to do in in in the Spanish chapter is to to show the the different companies Spanish companies the value of the architecture and how they can establish a career and the career path and I remember that two years ago I was talking with the city of a very big retail company and because they they were interested only in in governance but they showed it well you have to govern something and someone so where are your architects do you have some career for them do you have some levels do you know that the open group has some certification level that you can follow and a very structured way of achieving this certification no I don't know what's that and explain the disguise what is that and they were very surprised that they didn't know about that right so they start thinking about that and they start organizing the architecture department around these specialities and about the this certification they they started to to set objectives of certification for their own people so they they they quickly realize that that has value has value for their people and for their company so this is something that we try to do not only for universities this is important also but also for the for the companies for the architects that are now in the companies how they can see beyond their daily work because most of them are doing their job but they don't have this broad vision they don't know about all the open group certification some programs and so on and this is some of our tasks show these companies that there is a lot of another world there that can improve not only companies but the people working in the companies they can provide them more value and that's important there was one more question over here yeah hello I am Josep Spaleta from Croatia well you all stressed that enterprise architecture is part of business or connected to business so what do you think if enterprise architect should be industry specialized for example in healthcare government or whatever or it should be industry agnostic yes yeah it is translation or not translation is it clear my my personal view is that there there's a role for there's a role for specialism within enterprise architecture and experience within particular verticals but a lot of what we talk about as what is involved in enterprise architecture that the skills involved they are to me industry agnostic they're they they're not dependent on one or another obviously experience in a particular industry is is something that follows and there are I think there are things like industry specific reference models that get created that are that are helpful but I think the skills involved in enterprise architecture are across I don't know all but certainly most industries will be my personal views I like to ask these guys if you feel that in your present job you have opportunities to to to acquire deep skills in one specific industry or your present job is absolutely cross cross industry what do you feel I think is is more cross and and I think is is more important to deep to be deep in an industry in a specific industry because in this way you can learn or you can see more opportunities of implement new architects or new architectures or or new projects that you have seen in other companies about the same industry and as as I told before for that I think it would be very important to know this industry from inside a company of that industry when I was application architect I am focusing in the financial service sector but now a day in my current position is a cross industry role in my opinion I think is necessary to split the enterprise architect role in several areas like in financial health care and other industry well I since I work in infrastructure part mainly I consider myself kind of cross but I see I'm a little bit far from the business so I think if I was closer to the business I would be more industry oriented and also I think what would be good is if you know the knowledge of the industry you can show what other clients are doing to to provide other points of view which is always something interesting okay and the second question regarding experience since you guys don't have gray beards do you have problem if people consider you green for this discipline usually people consider enterprise architects to have gray beards glasses and so on but you are you're not that kind so do you have problem with I don't know your status of enterprise architect in these stages thank you I think it takes several years to to be an enterprise architect so in my case I'm starting and I can't consider myself an enterprise architect yet so I have that experience myself since I think a lot I need to learn a lot and to have a lot of point of view to be an enterprise architect I think I'm a little bit far and I need more experience in that sense so your your your point is really is there a credibility issue when you're when you're starting out yeah at what point do you suddenly become incredible it's an interesting one I guess but I would say it's from delivering delivering value or being seen to be able to be be part of a team that has has done that and then you build your you build your brand just a plug for my session after lunch but but it's all it's all that kind of you've got to start somewhere and yeah you are in this diagnostic you have to have a lot of experience in government yeah no banking whatever and I think that without gray beard it's hard to have this knowledge thank you thank you I know there was a question towards the back there been enthusiastically waving his arm around hi Paul Homan IBM I classify you guys as digital natives I don't know if that translates Fernando if there's another term for digital native does that make sense to you guys I mean shake or nod your heads but you know Twitter Facebook very comfortable with all that kind of interaction what needs would you have of the open group what challenges would you put back in terms of enterprise architecture and togap and things because you are digital natives what do you think that means that something different potentially so did you did you understand the no question I think if I can summarize poorly probably but you're of a of an age a generation that's used to the digital world and social media and and all that goes with it so what can the open group do or an industry what can industry do to what are your expectations are they different to what they might have been if you've been older that rough rough assessments so because I think the digital social media and the digital digital age is affecting all of us and you guys have grown up with it and others have had to be dragged kicking and screaming into it but you have the your for you it's it's natural to to think of things digitally and think of screens being touch screens and and things like that and what what would you expect would be different I think is the question from the industry groups that do you have expectations that are different than if than if you rolled it's hard hard to answer because you don't know what the expectations of the older guys are but you want me to translate this question for you guys Spanish this I think it's a difficult question but in my case I use social media to be informed about the things that happen in the world so in in this way it it can help to know about business about market trends about some areas that in other case you you don't have access and maybe with Facebook Twitter you can see in an overview what what is happening I have a question for for you and for Juan and it's ready the the currently technology is ready to to assume a thousand or millions of new users and is this is is there a scalability of of data model and for assume this new system of engagement I'm a wrong person to answer that question but I think it's certainly it's certainly an issue that we hear here raised is how do we how do we keep up whether it's whether it's with big data or anything else but the technology usually manages to keep up but what we do with it and how we how useful that becomes and how we scale to to manage that is is the problem that I hear expressed but I think one of the things I I I detected in Paul's question but may or may not have been there was there's a certain way of of learning about enterprise architecture currently particularly toga there are ways of learning it and and then taking an exam and maybe things could be more digital in their approach for for you and your and those that follow you entering the profession it's you know are there other ways of it's already an online exam for example to take toga for an exam but are there different ways of learning that are more like what you're used to in the in the tools that you use so I think that's certainly something to to think about for those who are who are providing the the training and and for us at the open group to think about how we can how we can take that next step so we try to do something like that yeah in our our learning programs and it was some kind of interactive system to teach the young architects how to proceed in real case so it was like a like a computer game yeah so you assume the role of an architect and you have to design something and the system was guiding you and proposing some challenge and evaluating your your success or not and it was really it was not a big success some people say that it was too simple or say that it was a waste of time or they say that it was the future it was mixed and we are evaluating how to do that but at the beginning it was like a good approach for this kind of digital people that have worn in these systems but this was not black or or white it was different different responses so I don't know if for learning toga for example for learning for an open CS certification these new technologies cannot can provide something of real value or not it's something that we have to see we have to test and get the feedback to see if it's good or not but it's I think it's worth to to try to do that any more questions from there there's one in the middle there I think Fernando thank you Abdel Al-Qadi from shift technologies Dubai I just want to go back to the question about whether toga is industry specific or not actually if we look at the if we analyze what it takes to do architecture today we see that there are three key elements in delivering architecture value the first one is you need to understand the methods and that's where the toga part especially the ADM component of toga is essential and that is definitely industry agonistic so the methodology dimension of a project yes it can be independent of the industry in which we are delivering the architecture work the second component is the knowledge of the industry itself so this is where accelerators like business reference models application reference models and other tools can be actually very useful to guide and support the execution those can actually bridge the gap and experience and help the architect deliver more effective solutions to the customer but those usually take time to build and gray hair is definitely required to achieve them the third element that I think is also very important is communication knowing how to communicate the value and this also takes experience and relates to attributes that are personal in nature and are hard to train because they relate to the personality of the person delivering so if we look at the three elements the methodology the industry knowledge and the the personality or the communication skills I think there is room to initiate the training and to help accelerate the evolution of that but there's a lot that would still require time and experience and for sure mistakes to become an effective architect so one just last recommendation a life insurance would be a good sponsor for the open group I think with our age average it can be a good a good option it's a thought there's a good thought I think I've got a more question over here Fernando and then right and then that will be thank you yeah my name is Saif Al-Khouri and from Abu Ghaz initially I would like to thank all the focus for the courage really we appreciate it to be in the stage that's achievement and my question I'm wondering whether you are using any tools and whether it helping you it's mandatory to have a tool or not from your experience thank you what do you think are you using any tool in your in your daily work now architecture tools in my company we had a tool for enterprise architect I think call it software system architect a retina system architect but I I don't use it well in my case I know there's also solutions for our tools inside but the truth is that we normally don't use it interesting no it's it's difficult to find the right tool and because to use a tool for enterprise architecture like the ones that we have here you have to to have some knowledge about what you are doing and this knowledge comes from training and for experience so in these guys for example are just beginning and they are doing IT architecture so maybe these tools are too big too complex for them and maybe with some over point of service you it's just enough for them but I am convinced that an architect has to use tools and has has to be an expert using these tools the proper tools for the job but it's difficult to find the right one and there are some exhibitors outside who would like to show you that theirs is the right one so do go and see them I think there was was there one Maggie in the middle was one more question and then we'll be at lunch at that point thank you this will be a very short question I'm Brian from Huawei and this question is relating to some vertical specific a while ago I hear that that there are interests from very organization asking for EA so I would like to ask within Spain do you notice any telecom companies adopting the enterprise architecture disciplines and if it is what are the key drivers thank you well in fact they they have adopted the standard framework for telco but I have experience at least in both a phone where we try to develop an enterprise architecture with no much success because they they stopped as an application portfolio assessment and that's all we did and the the other one that is France telecom yes they they try to do something because they see value about the enterprise architecture because they have there is a very gap or there was a very big gap between applications and business and technology and they feel that they have to to to have some trustability because it's it's it's hard for them to to have this gap and about Telefonica they started something but I don't know if in the last years they have succeeded in enterprise architecture but my my feeling is that in this sector specifically they have not had many attempts or many tries to to establish a good enterprise architecture and it's a pity because they need it because as you know they have been many fusions and acquisitions in the last years and it's a mess what they have and and and they don't they don't know they don't have a very clear idea about the whole architecture and what is important what not and what is the transition that you have to do so it's a room for improvement a lot of room for improvement in this in this sector now excuse me I think I can provide Sami put about Juan also regarding the telco so what do you think has been the key inhibitor in these telcos is it culture or is it people not reluctant to change or now it's speed because creating and documenting the whole enterprise architecture takes months or years and in in the in the last years the telco companies have been in the hurry to to do things quickly and with profit and with low cost and they had had no time to to start thinking about creating this enterprise architecture so maybe now that the the market is more or less stable in terms of the companies that we have now here in Spain maybe it's the right time to start doing this job but in the last years it was really crazy with many acquisitions and they had no time for that really so we are out of time but I know Judith is it a question or a comment or is it one quick one then please where do you see enterprise architecture being done mostly right so mostly being all the different domains because what I'm seeing is lots of service providers learning and understanding enterprise architecture but very few unique businesses outside of the industry the IT industry that we're in and I wondered what your views were about why that was happening whether it was because inside genuine let's call them customers all the barriers they actually are looking for services from other people to provide the architecture skill or are they are they expecting that there is some skill that they need to have in their organization so my question just to give you that clarity is where do you see those enterprise architecture skills out in the service communities or actually in the organizations that you work for inside and how you see that balance developing over time so the and you're talking about Spain are you Judith specifically to Spain right so that I think the question is is do you have experience or or see the enterprise architecture work being in companies themselves or outsourced to service providers and it's mostly the service providers that are providing those services and obviously I think you work for a service provider so you know the good thing is that we are seeing this interest in the final clients in different sectors and this is something that we didn't see in the last years so I think this is because they they are realizing that they have to do something and they have to improve something in their companies to succeed and to go out of this crazy crisis but they don't know what to do and they have heard and they have read that enterprise architecture can help them in making this transformation so they are requesting help in doing that and this is but this is in the in the final clients not not in the service providers on the consulting firms but we are receiving these requests from the final clients in different sectors it's not a one only sector it's different sectors that are are feeling that they have to do something they think that enterprise architecture can help them in understanding what to do and provided the roadmap about what how to do that and they're asking for help so I think big opportunity now in Spain for for enterprise architecture so I know we are out of time and I know Alan would like to do some wrapping up but I'd really like to express our thanks for you all for coming up here it's a big step as I said earlier think of it as career development or whatever you want to do but it can be daunting and thank you all for your participation and and for your mentorship of these young architects and others so thank you all very much