That's me recording in progress is me Okay, I'll start my son Thank you for coming on I'm really looking forward to talking to you and getting your perspective on some of these questions that I have for you Um Narcissism is totaled as the latest buzzword I'm curious how many people in the population actually have this personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder is diagnosed in about 1% of the general population and 5 to 6 percent of the clinical population population in Inpatient settings outpatient settings in therapy and so on so forth about five to six percent However, if we add to this What is known as narcissistic style? People who are who have narcissistic traits they behave as narcissists do But they are they don't they cannot be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder because a few bits and pieces are missing So they are known as subclinical Narcissism if we add these to the mix then we're probably talking about five to six percent of the general population Now take into account the following narcissists rarely attend therapy narcissists are very resistant to being diagnosed and Narcissism is under diagnosed in certain population groups such as minorities women and so on so forth So five to six percent is a lower lower limit probably it's more like 10 to 15 percent It's interesting that you mentioned women because I always read that it affects significantly more men than women But in my coaching business in my education, I found that it's more around half What do you say about that right now? It's half and half years in the 1980s when the diagnostic and statistical manual added narcissistic personality disorder as a diagnosis at that point 75 percent of people diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder were men But that was in 1980 Up to 2000 more or less And then after the year 2000 we started to have an increase in the incidence and prevalence of Narcissistic personality disorder and psychopathy antisocial personality disorder among women And today half of all people diagnosed with narcissism are women and about one-third of all psychopaths are women And that's a gigantic leap. It's enormous increase Yeah Can we do that? Before you proceed can we just establish a protocol Well, each one of us is talking later. Let us avoid interjections such as Because it's very disrupting. Okay. Can we do this? Okay Okay, yeah nodding is great Yes, please No, I was just gonna ask do you think that There are more narcissists and psychopaths around today or do you think that it's just that more people are getting diagnosed? No, there is definitely an increase in the Dissemination of narcissism and psychopathy for example in a series of studies of Young people people under the age of 25, especially in the United States, but not only There has been an increase of three to five four three to five times higher than nine the 1980s Narcissism therefore is spreading Psychopathy is increasing. It's an absolute phenomenon. It's not the outcome of growing awareness or More pervasive diagnosis diagnosing procedures. It's real. This epidemic or pandemic is real So there are studies by Quinke, Quinke, Campbell and others so For people who are unsure about whether or not they're dealing with a narcissist or a psychopath What would be the difference between someone who's just a jerk and someone who is narcissistic? A very useful way to tell a narcissist apart is to apply the Alternative model in the diagnostic and statistical manual Most practitioners nowadays do not diagnose narcissism using the famous Nine bullet points or nine diagnostic criteria in the DSM4 These are no longer used by most practitioners What what is taking place instead what what is substituted for it is the alternative model Which is a dimensional model a descriptive model So you can apply this model yourself You don't need to be a diagnostician because it's very it's as I said, it's descriptive. It's literate. It's like literature So this model says that narcissists have a problem with self-functioning in other words Their identity is defined from the outside They derive their sense of identity the sense of self from the outside and when they are not surrounded with people They fall apart. They disintegrate. They they become dysfunctional and so on Additionally narcissists are sometimes grandiose and then at other times they are inferior. They feel inferior so they are huge swings in a sense of self-worth and Self-esteem huge swings in self-esteem We say that the sense of self-worth of narcissists is Disregulated the same way the emotions of the borderline are Disregulated the narcissists cannot form a stable sense of who he is and And how worthy he is he needs constant input from the outside and he solicits this input Coercively he insists on getting this input, which is known as narcissistic supply The second thing is that the narcissist constantly seeks approval But even as the narcissist seeks approval and depends on other people for this adulation and admiration affirmation even despite this dependency the narcissists constantly Criticizes people constantly demins them and humiliates them and so on so forth because he applies very high standards to other people even as He would sometimes tend to apply low standards to himself So there's a double standard with narcissists The second the next thing is that in my interpersonal functioning of narcissists Then the interpersonal function very disrupted. So for example, narcissists are incapable of emotional empathy However, narcissists are capable of empathizing with people cognitively and reflexively In other words, the narcissist is going to scan you on the first meeting even first date It's going to scan you It's going to form a picture of you or who you are your vulnerability is your weak points your needs Your wishes your dreams your preferences your priorities everything about you It's gonna and he's gonna use empathy to do this But it's a very strange kind of empathy and I coined the phrase cold empathy It's empathy devoid of the emotional component. There's there are no emotions there So the narcissist is going to see that you're crying And the narcissist is going to say to himself. She is crying.  She said that's an opportunity for sex So there will be a leveraging of your vulnerabilities The next thing is in a total inability to maintain intimacy The narcissist doesn't see you is not truly interested in you He's He's protectiveness is perfunctory. It's like by road. It's it's rehearsed. It's robotic He doesn't really display any positive emotions Except during the love bombing phase in the shared fantasy where this is actually performative. It's a performance So there's no intimacy there the narcissist Constantly gauges what you can give him not what he can give you So the narcissist wants to take from you the four s's sex safety sadistic and narcissistic supply and Services, and if you provide two out of these four you're in you've got the job But there's no intimacy there and finally there's the issue of personality traits narcissists are very antagonistic They constantly seek conflict They introduce aggression into totally unnecessary situations and environments They're grandiose and they seek attention compulsively Now all these things even if you're not a diagnostician You are liable to notice within a few you know days or weeks weeks if you're slow. I Would even say within a few minutes You just have to observe how the narcissist treats other people The way he treats other people tells you who is the way he treats you is a performance is acting you can't trust it So don't pay attention to how he's treating you pay attention to how he's treating other people and then we'll get the true picture who is now one one last comment The diagnostic and statistical manual is the diagnostic the diagnostic book in the United States The Chinese have adopted a version of the diagnostic and statistical manual known as the CCMD and So only narcissistic personality disorder as a diagnosis Diagnosis exists only in the United States and in China It does not exist in the rest of the world It's an American Chinese phenomenon something to do with superpower says I think But when you go to Europe for example, there is no such thing as narcissistic personality disorder In Europe and in the rest of the world they use a book published by the World Health Organization This book is known as ICD international classification of disorders and In this book, there's a single personality disorder single diagnosis of personality disorder With different aspects and manifestations and emphasis So narcissists for example Would be someone diagnosed with personality disorder of a Dissocial nature Dissociality and someone with unencastia unencastia means rule-based perfectionism So in Europe, you would never be diagnosed as a narcissist you will be diagnosed as Personality disordered person who is the social and unencastic That's important to understand Interesting, you know in your book believe and self-love you propose some amendments to the criteria for narcissistic personality disorder and when I read your proposed amendments It was amazing because it's it was so accurate It just encapsulated it perfectly because the DSM criteria just kind of misses the mark a little bit but with your amendments it's like It was amazing to read that Well, I'm glad to say that I published my my proposed amendments in in the year 2000 when you were still a baby baby And I'm glad to say that most of these proposed amendments directly or indirectly I'm not quite sure that I've contributed to it But most of these proposed amendments are now reflected in the alternative model of narcissistic personality disorder in the diagnostic and statistical manner So today a lot of the work that I've been that that's That I started to do three decades ago today is reflected in the mainstream for example, I was the first to propose in 1997 that all personality disorders are one and the same that the differential the differences that the fact that there are different diagnoses is a mistake and Actually, a narcissist is one day grandiose and overt and in your face and defined and the other day the same The same narcissist is vulnerable and shy and fragile and covert and crying in the corner Yeah, and then on the third day that narcissist has emotional dysregulation and throws a temper tantrum and loses it and Clinically, it's a borderline and then the next day He's a psychopath and he stills all your money and then on the day after that he becomes paranoid Etc. All these distinctions between personality disorders and the DSM are wrong and Artificial and they date back to the 1970s the United States is stuck in the 1970s and While the rest of the world has moved on And I would say the state of the knowledge reflected in the ICD 11 is 2022 while the state of the knowledge reflected in the DSM is The year 2000 more or less So the United States is a quarter of a century behind the rest of the world Okay, so the other personality disorders in class to be that are related to narcissistic personality disorder You say all just variations because the narcissistic personality disorder encapsulates A number of the different traits within each personality disorder that's listed there. Is that what you're saying? No, what I'm saying is that all personality disorders A, B and C all three classes Are a single personality disorder. Now I've been saying this since 1997 and this is today the accepted wisdom All over the world except the United States and China If you look at at the narcissist one day the narcissist is a schizoid the other day He is a paranoid the next day. He's a borderline The third day is a fourth day is a narcissist and then the fifth day is a psychopath It's ridiculous to say that there is type constancy. It's completely untrue any Any clinician will tell you this any therapist who has ever worked with people with personality disorders would tell you There's no such thing Consequently, what is happening is known as comorbidity Comorbidity is when we are forced to diagnose multiple personality disorders in the same person And so this this comes ridiculous because you come across patients who are diagnosed with like 2030 mental health diagnosis simultaneously And that's nonsense. That's out and I mean we had a lot I mean all over tiktok you hear self-aware narcissists that I'm also borderline and I'm also a psychopath and I'm also this But you're right They all display all of the different times and I've certainly witnessed that in my own narcissists in my own studies Going back to something before about empathy The difference between cold empathy and then emotional empathy What does it mean for a person to lack emotional empathy? How does that affect their interpersonal relationships and how does that inhibit the narcissist's ability to Effectively act in relationships Well, as I said the lack of the emotional component in empathy simply means that There is no emotional resonance narcissists and psychopaths who possess emotional cold empathy They're They're gone oriented So when they succeed to decode or decipher your state of mind When they realize or understand that you are sad or that you're happy or The the next question is how can I use this? How can I make good use of it? She said Can I sleep with her because she said Can I take her money because she said Are her defenses down and can I exploit her in some way? So there's no emotion there There's no a typical healthy person would say she said that makes me feel sad a bit I feel sad as well. There's a kind of emotional resonance Healthy people revisit their own states of mind when they come across yours So when someone come across you and you're crying they would they would Elicit in their own minds The occasions when they have cried They had cried and they would say well when last time I cried I was sad so probably she said And then they would feel sad because of the memory of that event or because of you know, but there's always an emotional reaction narcissists and psychopaths are predators If they see you bleeding It simply means your food You're praying And so the lack of emotional resonance Leads to enhanced exploitativeness and an attempt to Leverage your weak points and your vulnerabilities and your frailties and your shortcomings In favor of a goal now the goal could be in the case of a psychopath could be money or sex or access or whatever In the case of the narcissist, it's narcissistic supply So if the narcissist sees you crying for example He's going to act the savior of the rescuer or the healer To your distress is going to regard you as a damsel in distress. It's an opportunity To show himself in a good light So But it's all goal-oriented. The idea is to obtain something from you And most people most healthy people Resonate with your emotion and they want to give you something. So if you're crying, they want to give you a hug They want to comfort you. They want to soothe you. It's it's instinctual almost. You know, it's reflexive. You can't help it But the narcissists and psychopaths want to take something from you not to give you anything If they give you a hug, they want it to lead to sex as simple as that Yeah The narcissist responding to the damsel in distress really depends on the phase of the relationship, doesn't it? In the last one phase when they're still trying to win you And there's the co-ide they they then they're going to respond that way. But once the evaluation stage, it's different. Is that right? Yes, this kind of reactivity Playing for example the the rescuer or the savior or the messiah or the healer or the fixer Um, it's typical of the first phases of the of what is known as the shared fantasy The phase where the narcissist love bonds you Narcissist groom or the psychopath grooms you There's an attempt To brainwash you in effect using a mechanism known as in training Um, there is a strong push to merge and fuse with you symbiotically so that you become a single entity There's a dual mothership situation where the narcissist is acting as your mother and you expect you to act as his mother They there's an expectation that you should mother each other And during these initial phases The narcissist is going to adopt adopt roles that will get Get the business done and trap you and trap you In the shared fantasy and cause trauma bonding, which is a form of self harm so Yes, narcissists are going to be nice and kind and likable And helpful and useful and everything Only in the initial phases of the shared fantasy Once the narcissist has acquired you once you have become his possession He takes you for granted Because he knows That you are you have become an addict.   They become one.  No more love bombing phase the shared fantasy the co-idealization No more conscience. Is it conscious or is it like unconscious It's no more conscious than a tiger a tiger devouring an antelope Or a virus penetrating the membrane of a cell These are embedded predatory strategies That the narcissist goes through Now the narcissist Recasts everything reframes and everything he writes narratives is a storyteller So the narcissist convinces even himself That everything is real the fantasy is real The narcissist in other words clinically is delusional So that's why narcissists never future fake. That's not true When the narcissist makes you a promise about the future he believes this promise Also, narcissists never gaslight that is also not true When the narcissist tells you anything he believes in it when he lies to you about his past He believes his own lies a process known as contrabulation Psychopaths gaslight Psychomers know what they're doing Psychopaths psychopaths go through these phases Consciously deliberately in a premeditated manner. They gaslight you into submission They make you doubt your insanity Intentionally In order to render you vulnerable So psychopaths do all these things Consciously narcissists do exactly the same Unconsciously now of course as far as the victim is concerned. It doesn't matter Who cares if the narcissist is conscious or unconscious the outcome is Yeah, destructive What types of narcissistic personality disorder like we've got the covert narcissist or the overt narcissist always here Can you elaborate a little bit on that? There are several types of narcissists have been typologies of narcissism suggested throughout the the last few decades Um, it's widely accepted nowadays to distinguish between overt grandiose narcissists and covert vulnerable shy fragile narcissists The Covert narcissist is usually a collapsed narcissist. It's a narcissist who is unable To obtain narcissistic supply keeps failing at obtaining narcissistic supply So this kind of narcissists Is introverted Is passive-aggressive seething with envy Machiavellian manipulative Um and covert in the sense that it's his subterranean. It's very difficult to spot The overt narcissist is a donald trump type is an in-your-face defined reckless Contrary to a small talk. Yeah, authority hating type Um, so over you see the overt narcissists coming But you rarely see the covert narcissists coming. That's why covert narcissists are snakes in the grass. They are much more dangerous than than of the overt variant Now we have recently come to the conclusion that There's no type constancy Subject to life prices and trauma and stress And collapse failure to obtain supply Subject to these conditions in these situations Narcissists overt narcissists tend to become covert And sometimes covert narcissists become overt for example When narcissists are exposed to narcissistic modification Narcissistic modification is public humiliation in front of meaningful others In the presence of significant others So when narcissists are exposed to narcissistic modification Most narcissists become covert for a while The not the covert narcissist is usually but not always schizoid in other words a hermit socially inactive avoids people So narcissists wounded wounded narcissists Injured narcissists who've been humiliated in public or shamed somehow or whatever. They become schizoid as well. They become covert So today we don't think there is a type constancy We don't think the overt is always overt and the covert is always covert We think these are two styles of narcissism That are adopted by the narcissist depending on circumstances. All narcissists are both covert and overt Another debate In psychology that has been going on for like forever Is whether narcissism is compensatory or not Do narcissists feel good with themselves? Are they happy or lucky? Are they comfortable with who they are? This is known as ego-syntony. Are they ego-syntonic? and so For a long period of time The belief was that narcissists are actually Oblivious to their own shortcomings and so on and so forth totally unaware And consequently they're happy-go-lucky. They're very pleased with who they are Today we don't think that's the case Today we believe that all narcissists are compensatory. In other words, all narcissists have an inferiority What abla called an inferiority complex They have a bad object In other words, they have a set of voices constellation of voices internally that keep informing them how Unworthy they are how inadequate they are What loses there and so and to compensate for these internal internal voices which are intolerable To compensate for these voices the narcissist creates the false self A facade A facade mask or series of mask a persona And he uses the false self to obtain feedback from the environment Which will counteract the internal voices So if the internal voice tells the narcissist, you know, you are seriously stupid The narcissist is going to pretend that he's a genius And then other people are going to tell him that he's a genius And then the narcissist is going to go back to that voice and say you see a wrong.  I'm a genius That's the compensatory mechanism and today we believe that all narcissists are compensatory And the situation is that we are beginning to think that overt grandiose narcissists are actually psychopaths not narcissists We think we we got the whole the whole taxonomy the whole classification completely wrong For example, in borderline, we have emotionally dysregulated borderlines But very often they become psychopathic. This is known as secondary psychopathy Um Narcissists who are over how does that happen? When when the borderline come Experiences abandonment real or anticipated When the borderline experiences the opposite engulfment and measurement Take being taken over by the by the intimate father So in these two situations The borderline essentially disintegrates her defenses shut down And she becomes a secondary cycle So we're beginning to to Reconceive of the whole field of cluster b personality disorders And we're beginning to understand that cluster b disorders are actually post traumatic conditions And that they have a lot more in common than what separates them And that perhaps it's a single thing a single clinical entity Maybe with the exception of psychopathy. We're not sure but it's a single clinical So there's a it's the field is in flux and there's a huge mess and numerous debates and who is who and what is what And so on and so forth, but I would say generally if you want to put it in Yeah, if you want to put this in a historical context There's been a huge debate between two giants of the field Heinz Kauhut and Otto Kahnberg Kauhut is the father of the current approach in American psychiatry It's an approach that divides mental states into discreet clinical entities Diagnosis it's an approach that is heavily influenced by the needs of insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies And Consequently the diagnostic and statistical manual but have has ballooned from 100 pages in 1952 to 1100 pages in 2022 So It's because there has been a proliferation of new diagnosis all the time. This is kauhut's approach kauhut had a huge debate with kahnberg Kauhut said narcissistic personality disorder has nothing to do with borderline personality disorder Kauhut was the one who coined the phrase narcissistic personality disorder so america United states is kauhutian follows kauhut Kahnberg on the other Otto Kahnberg suggested That narcissism and borderline and so on. They are one and the same. They are single clinical entity And he created spectra and dimensions and so kahnberg's thinking Was much more modern And much more applicable in my view to mental health than kauhuts although They both they both did their big work the major work in 1974 75 So today the rest of the world is kahnberg Is kahnberg and united states possibly china canada are essentially kauhut But I think the world is going to end up being kahnbergian kahnberg because kahnberg Regarded the human the human soul if you wish the human psyche as a continuum as a canvas Not as discrete units in on the supermarket shelves But as a painting a huge painting And then if you look at the left hand corner of the painting it's narcissism And if you look at the right hand corner, it's um, I don't know schizophrenia and if you look, you know But it's a single painting And this is the approach of kahnberg which I think is far more advanced and far more accurate than kauhuts My sense definitely So what causes narcissistic personality disorder? What are the theories? There's a lot of misinformation online about every conceivable aspect of pathological narcissism A lot a lot. I would say 95 95 percent of the information online is Anywhere between inaccurate and utterly completely wrong And that applies also to people with phd's When someone has a phd in psychology people say but but he's he has a phd in psychology He knows what he's talking about Or she knows what she's talking about. That's nonsense psychology is a huge field If you have a phd in psychology, it doesn't mean that you're an expert on narcissism Not at all For example, I am not an expert So There's a lot of there's a lot of mess online. There's a lot of money sloshing about and it attracts charlatans and call artists Now borderline personality disorder Has a pronounced genetic component We know for example that if you have a first degree reality With borderline personality disorder Your chances of having borderline personality disorder are five times higher So there's clearly a genetic component. We also know that borderline personality disorder and psychopathy antisocial personality disorder we know that they They have there are brain abnormalities associated with these disorders This is not the case with narcissism There are a few ridiculous studies That tried to find some brain abnormalities in narcissists among narcissists These studies are based on a tiny sample The diagnostic procedures in these studies are dubious, and I'm being charitable It's nonsense. It's rank nonsense. We at this stage I'm not aware of any brain abnormalities linked to narcissistic personality disorder period except If and when The narcissist is also a psychopath In which case there are some brain abnormalities similarly Similarly, there is no study That demonstrates genetic heritability of narcissistic personality disorder period none so we The majority of serious theoreticians and practitioners We tend to believe that narcissistic personality disorder is the outcome of what is known as adverse adverse childhood experiences ACE Narcissism is a combination of two unfortunate outcomes of improper upbringing bed parenting especially bed mothers Because the mother has the greatest impact up to age 36 months, which is a period when pathological narcissism forms So unfortunately, it's the mothers not the father But there are two main issues with With narcissism. First of all, there is a disruption In the formation of a sense of self There is a case of arrested development There's no constellation or integration Of the self or what Freud used to call the ego never mind which word to use. There's no sense of self. There's an absence There's an emptiness there There's a void where a human being should have been That's the first problem. The second problem is disrupted attachment Because the parental figures are less than adequate This kind of children fail to develop attachment in a proper way. So they grow up to have insecure attachment styles Now you put together A lack of self ironically narcissists are selfless You put together a lack of self combined with an inability to attach Properly and securely inability to experience develop and nurture intimacy You put this two together and what you get Is a very defective half-baked human being And this is essentially narcissism Now abuse in early childhood has been linked time and again in literally hundreds of studies To the emergence of narcissistic personality disorder in later life But there is a misunderstanding about what constitutes abuse A great definition of abuse is when the child is not allowed to separate from the parent When the child is not allowed to develop boundaries To fight back And when the child is therefore forced To merge with the parent as a survival strategy to become one with the parent either physically through incest or psychologically So this kind of child is never becomes an individual It's not individuation This kind of child remains merged and fused and meshed With a parental figure real or imagined inside his mind an introject That's a great definition why because it encompasses dozens of behaviors If you abuse your child sexually or physically or verbally or psychologically definitely You are breaching the boundaries of your child.  It means to prevent the child from getting in touch with reality Because reality is bruising Reality is painful reality pushes back on the child And that's the only way to personally grow and evolve and develop and become an adult If you're spoiling the child if you're pampering the child If you're pedestalizing and idolizing the child, you're not allowing the child to interact with reality You're not allowing the child to grow up You're not allowing the child to evolve and develop into a full-fledged adult In short, you're not allowing the child to separate from you So the definition of abuse Is a lack of separation individuation induced by bad parenting And compasses dozens of behaviors Some of which don't look Don't appear to be abusing But actually a variant perniciously abused And that is the source That is the psychological root and source of narcissism in general Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder All the rest, genetics, this, that, is nonsense at this stage It may be substantiated in the future For example, I believe there is a genetic component It hasn't been proven yet, but I do believe there is one And I think I can prove that there is one You take five kids and you take twins And the twins are abused Simultaneously by the same parent in the same environment One of them becomes a narcissist, the other doesn't Non-identical twins You take five siblings And these siblings are exposed to the same upbringing By the same not good enough mothers and dead mothers Dead mother is a phrase in psychology Which describes a mother who is absent emotionally And unable to provide for the child's needs So you take five siblings and they are raised by dead mothers and so The same dead mother And yet only one of them becomes a narcissist The other four are perfectly healthy So I think there is a genetic component But you can't see this until there are studies to prove it So right now, all we know is that adverse childhood experiences In an environment with bad parenting is the source of narcissism So I wanted to talk a little bit about this concept of narcissistic abuse And what makes narcissistic abuse different from other forms of abuse I started my work on narcissism in the mid 80s And the beginning of the 90s or maybe the maybe 1987 I'm not quite sure Somewhere around that period When dinosaurs still roam the earth and everything I coined the phrase narcissistic abuse And I remember that at that time Practitioners and professionals and some they asked me Why did you have to coin? Why did you feel the need to coin the phrase narcissistic abuse? Why not say abuse or abuse by narcissism? Why narcissistic abuse?  Narcissists are clinically speaking Developmentally speaking Narcissists are children With an average mental age of four years old Many of them are two years old Some of them are six years old But the average is about four years old Narcissists are therefore incapable of adult perception of the world They are not fully able to tell reality apart from fantasy The way children cannot Children have imaginary friends Children have paracossians, imaginary universes Children identify with characters in books And so on Because children are unable to distinguish reality from fantasy And children are not capable of carrying out adult chores and responsibilities and so on They actually avoid adulthood in many ways So the narcissist is a child That's the first thing that's important to understand That's why therapy, psychotherapy, fails with narcissists Because we are trying to apply adult-based psychotherapies to children The only way to work with a narcissist in therapy is to use The only way is to use child psychology If we want to obtain any outcomes with a narcissist We need to use child psychology Not yet no one does And consequently there's dismal failure in working with narcissists That's the first point The second point is narcissists is caught in what Freud called the repetition compulsion There are other names for it There are physies and so on, never mind It's simply the need to reenact time and again Early failure So if you fail in something, if you fail to attach If you fail to be loved If you fail to separate from an important figure such as mother If you fail to become an individual Failure generally pushes us to try again And again And the more we keep failing, especially if we are narcissists And we think we are godlike The more we keep failing, the more we are incentivized and motivated to try again And this becomes a compulsion, the narcissist cannot help it The narcissist has failed with his mother Narcissism is a crisis of separation and individuation The narcissist was not allowed to become a person Was not allowed to acquire personhood The narcissist is not self Narcissist is not ego The narcissist is a work in progress without progress So the narcissist feels compelled to go back to his shadow And try again This time with a bizarre conviction that he's gonna succeed Why is he going to succeed?  It never works The shared fantasy never works And the shared fantasy never works Because in order to convert you into a mother At the beginning of the shared fantasy The narcissist creates an internal object inside his mind That represents you The narcissist doesn't idealize you The narcissist never interacts with you at all The narcissist interacts exclusively with the internal object in his mind that represents you So he idealizes this internal object And then he devalues this external internal object And then he discards you because there's no use for you anymore The internal object is devalued and so on and so forth But this presents a problem The narcissist does not interact with external objects In this sense the narcissist's narcissism is a mirror image of psychosis The narcissist doesn't interact with external objects only with internal ones So getting rid of you physically Breaking up with you Dumping you doesn't work Because the internal object remains in his mind You are gone physically but you have never been there physically as far as the narcissist is concerned The narcissist catexes the narcissist's emotional investment And all the psychodynamics of the narcissist revolve around the internal object And that internal object doesn't go away when you do The narcissist can dump you but he can never dump the internal object He can break up with you but he can never say goodbye to the internal object So he remains stuck with an internal object And now there's a problem This internal object is devalued and persecutory It's an enemy The narcissist remains stuck with an enemy inside his mind that he cannot get rid of The only way to get rid of this enemy It's terrifying by the way to have an enemy inside your mind that you cannot get rid of The only way to get rid of this enemy Is to bring you back to re-idealize the internal object So he brings you back He re-idealizes the internal object and he gets rid of the dissonance He gets rid of the persecutory enemy internal object by re-idealizing it But he cannot re-idealize it just like that He is not psychotic He doesn't have hallucinations The only way to re-idealize the enemy is to bring you back to have a physical presence of you So this is a cycle which can go on forever by the way If it's not interrupted in some way So there are ways to interrupt this There are ways to prevent over it For example, modification is a way to prevent over it If you modify the narcissist, if you shame and humiliate and expose the narcissist In public, in front of peers, meaningful others, significant others and so on and so forth The narcissist will never hover you He will never hover you because there would be a match then Between the persecutory object and who you really are You will have become his enemy in public So now there's a match, there's no dissonance And it doesn't need to bring you back The problem with Hooverie is that there is a The problem in public? Yes, it has to be public The problem in Hooverie is that there is an internal object which is Bad enemy object And there is an external you And you did not act as the narcissist's enemy So there's a discrepancy There's a dissonance There's a... You know, again, the narcissist cannot put the two of you together But if you do act as a narcissist's enemy Then you conform to the devalued persecutory internal object And there's no need to re-idealize you or to hover you So modification works Similarly, if you are the first to break up with the narcissist, the first to dump him But in a way that is humiliating and shaming and ostentatious And irreversible And involves real damage and harm to the narcissist And so on and so forth Then you will have fit in With the devalued internal object And there will be no need to re-idealize you or to hover you That's... Then these are the mechanisms The narcissist never grows Never evolves Beyond the age of Two, four, six years old Never The vast majority of narcissists are anywhere between three and four years What about become... Sorry? What about becoming self-aware? There's so many self-aware narcissists on TikTok Giving people hope All narcissists are aware of their actions The majority of narcissists are aware of the impact of their actions on other people And here I disagree with the DSM The DSM says that narcissists overestimate or underestimate their impact on other people I don't think so at all I think narcissists are aware of what they're doing They're aware of their behaviors and misbehaviors And they're perfectly aware They just don't care Simply don't care However, extremely few, if any, narcissists Are aware of their psychodynamic processes and motivations So narcissists are not aware of their internal space The internal world And there's a good reason for it It does not exist The narcissists is an absence pretending to be a presence There's a void there A black hole An emptiness So there's nothing to be aware of There's no self So narcissists are aware The same way a robot is aware A robot is aware of its environment A robot is aware of its tasks And a robot is aware of its impacts That's how robots can put together cars In factories But robots have no awareness of an internal world Of a self Of an ego Or even of a mind Robots are perfectly aware of the environment And their part And functioning in the environment But only the external environment Not the internal And so all the self-aware narcissists are online And some of them are con artists They claim they're getting better They're healing They're going to therapy and so on They tell gullible victims what they want to hear They're telling gullible victims what they want to hear Some of them Yes, exactly They're calling Yeah Not all of them The others confuse and conflate Awareness of action And even awareness of choices and decisions With true self-awareness True self-awareness is based on a stable Self-regulated sense of self-worth Self-worth is a compendium of self-esteem Self-confidence Self-knowledge So you need to know your limitations Strong points and so on and so forth You need to know where you start And other people begin Boundaries None of this applies to the narcissists So narcissists can never be self-aware because there's no self However, as I said Robotically, they can be aware of what their actions in the environment Robots do this I don't see any difference You know the underlying unconscious processes They just see what they're actually doing They don't understand why They don't understand Definitely don't understand why And even when they try to theorize as to why It's their narcissism speaking So it's not a trustworthy religion It's a manifestation and a demonstration of narcissism in action Narcissists, for example When they're in a covert phase Narcissists like very much to act as victims Now people think that narcissists Victimize Self-victimize Sorry, narcissists adopt victimhood styles Only in relation to other people So people think that narcissists would say I've been victimized by my wife Or I've been victimized by my boss Who doesn't appreciate my talents That's not true Narcissists also feel victimized by their own Drives and urges and personalities Personality and choices as well So a narcissist could say I can't help it My narcissism is destroying me My narcissism is driving me to make bad decisions And hurt people And I hate it That is self-victimizing That is another victimhood stance It's to say I am distinct from my narcissism My narcissism is like a third party That is victimizing me My narcissism is victimizing me Not my wife, my narcissism And it's a perfect example of narcissism reaction Of course Because a narcissist feels a victim Of everyone and everything Including his own narcissism And this is known as alloplastic defense Alloplastic defense is the tendency To blame other people The world at large The universe Your own mental illness To blame something For your own decisions And the consequences of your actions So if you see a self-aware narcissist online And he says I'm a horrible person My narcissism drove me to hurt people I regret it so badly This is why I'm online Because I'm trying to help Victims to protect them against people like me That is narcissism in action That is grandiosity coupled with alloplastic defense I am not to blame My narcissism is to blame It's like a sleepwalker A sleepwalker A sleepwalker A few self-aware narcissists And it's interesting because that's what they say A sleepwalker would kill someone And then blame his sleepwalking He would say I didn't know what I was doing I was sleepwalking Or like from miscarious people They say it wasn't me I was drunk I had sex with multiple partners Because I was drunk It wasn't me It was the alcohol Yeah Yeah Yeah My narcissism made me do it 100% When these relationships ever work There are people that stay In many decades long relationships With narcissists What's going on there Where there isn't a physical discard There's so many myths And misconceptions and nonsense About narcissism That I could spend my entire life Actually I am spending my entire life Trying to debunk them One of the myths One of the myths Is that narcissists constantly cheat They engage in infidelity By the way their studies Show exactly the opposite But never mind Another myth is that Narcissists are incapable of stability They are itinerant And desultory And unstable And unpredictable and so on and so forth That is borderline That's not narcissism And so Most narcissists Not all But most narcissists Structure their lives So that they have an island of stability Surrounded by an ocean Of uncertainty and indeterminacy The island of stability Caters to their need To feel safe Need for safety And the ocean Royaling ocean of uncertainties And indeterminacies And accidents And this ocean Caters to their need To experience thrills They are thrill seekers Adventures and so on So they organize their life this way So typically you find a narcissist Who has been married to the same woman For four decades But in the meantime has changed 62 jobs So the island of stability is the marriage And the intimate partner And the ocean Is the career You can find exactly the opposite You can find a narcissist Who has been Who has been toiling With the same company For 40 years Has reached the level of a chief executive officer In this company Started to work there when he was a teen So he's stable His career is stable And in the meantime Got married Divorced and remarried Six times So the island of stability is the career And personal life And interpersonal relationships are the ocean This is the typical structure of the life of a narcissist Because of the dual need The need for safety on the one hand And the need for adventure on the other Narcissists have this They are novelty seekers and so on In this sense narcissists are anti-social The diagnosis The ICD The other book The other diagnostic book Suggests that narcissists are Dissocial There's a trade called dissociality And the ICD Actually Combines narcissism and psychopathy They don't make distinction between narcissists and psychopaths They say both of them are dissocial One of the manifestations of dissociality In narcissism according to the ICD Is this need for thrill seeking Risk taking Adventures Defiance Rejection of authority Contrumatiousness and so on So it's not true That the narcissist's life is one unmitigated chaos That is the borderline Not the narcissist The narcissist is, as I said, a core And chaos around This reflects the narcissist's inner environment The narcissist doesn't have a core identity The narcissist doesn't have a cell Did not develop an ego The narcissist is dissociative Narcissists forget a lot They have memory gaps For which they try to compensate By confabulating and people misperceive this as lying So they have memory gaps In the absence of continuous memory You cannot develop a core identity So the narcissist is an emptiness Exactly like the borderline There's what we call an empty schizoid core The narcissist is an emptiness With a shell And the shell is the false self A false self is grandiose False self Falsifies Not the self But the false self falsifies reality Using cognitive distortions Such as grandiosity So there's nobody there That's what people are especially victims They can't Victims cannot accept two things Number one, they were not special And they were not chosen They can't accept this No, it shows me because I'm empathic I'm nice, I'm kind, I'm this, I'm that Portion It shows you because you were willing And able to provide the four s's Sex, services, safety, supply And because you were willing and able And eager sometimes To participate in a shared fantasy Because reality is too much for you You don't like reality You want fantasy The narcissist is a major fantasy pusher Like a drug, you know, pusher So, and the second thing victims cannot accept Is that they fell in love with a shimmering mirage With a fatem oregano There is nobody there in any meaningful psychological way None, nothing There's a narrative, a piece of fiction A movie called the false self And it surrounds, it envelops An emptiness, a void Deep space This is the narcissist It's an animated shell A simulation if you would And victims can't accept this They feel stupid for having fallen for it So their own grandiose defenses kick in I saw something in him His inner child called out to me again I couldn't walk away I felt that I felt that he has been changing with my love And all kinds of self-deceptive Self-deceptions intended to somehow restore ego-syntony But the truth is you fell in love You fell in love with a black hole Masquerading, pretending to be a human being And this black hole distorted reality around it The same way a black hole distorts a gravity field A real black hole distorts a gravity field Moses distorts reality And you were sucked in, you were sucked into the black hole Now does a black hole in space care If you're a planet or a star or dust or gas A black hole in space, in deep space A real black hole, astrophysical black hole Swallows everything, even light It doesn't care what it swallows It doesn't, it digests and processes Everything that comes into his remit, into its ambit It processes exactly the same A black hole swallows light Digests planets and stars and other black holes Everything in a huge suction sound And processes them exactly the same This is the narcissist And you, you, what are you therefore as a victim You are what is known in warfare as collateral damage No one wants to be collateral damage Everyone wants to be the target You are not a target, you are collateral damage The narcissist, solipsistically Has been enacting his own drama You just happened to be there Your bad luck So when the victim feels like they see the goodness in the narcissist Is that just like a positive projection Where they're projecting themselves onto the narcissist And filling in the gaps It's an attempt not to feel like the idiots that they were When they made the choice It's a grandiose attempt to set DC To say I haven't been incautious And a little stupid and gullible And vulnerable I haven't been any of this thing I saw something in him that others cannot see It's a narcissistic difference Narcissism rubs off its infections You couldn't, you couldn't have seen anything in the narcissist Because there's nothing there There's nothing there There is a child Two, three, four year old child And the narcissist uses this child Trots out this child Brings it into the open in order to captivate you Get you addicted Play on your maternal instincts Maternal even for men Even men are protective of children So a narcissist would use this in a child But this in a child is a corpse The true self is atrophied and dead The narcissist takes out an animated corpse of a child And this is what you fell for And you can't admit it You simply can't admit how needy you are How broken you are How damaged you were How vulnerable How easy it was to infiltrate you and convert you to the cause It was a cult You became a cult member And you know cult members? What's the tip of cult members?  Are you going to love me unconditionally?     You name it, the way you cook The way you don't cook maybe If you don't cook it proves you're independent You know, everything is recast And rewritten to uphold and buttress the idealized image Even bad things, even seriously bad things Your argumentative, for example Your argumentative and opinionative The narcissist is going to rewrite this In the idealization stage And he's going to say She is so hyper-intelligent That she is often misunderstood But in the devaluation stage He's going to say She is opinionating He's going to say She is opinionated argumentative Because she's stupid She can't get nuances So, all good and all good This is splitting I was going to say I'm laughing Because I've been that character In both sides of a narcissist To question All people in the narcissist's life The shared fantasy is applicable Not only to intimate partners But also to friends and family Shared fantasy is the way The narcissist relates to the world So he's going to coerce his boss To become his mother And that's why when you talk to employers They say that narcissists are very high maintenance They're difficult people Difficult employees Because a narcissist keeps demanding Special treatment Special attention Special concessions So the narcissist wants to be the favorite Or favorite child The golden child of the boss All of the colleagues are at the scapegoat He's the golden child This is the shared one So it's not only intimate partners Everyone is going through this Being ideal Therapists are going through this Therapists will tell you That the narcissist comes into therapy And idealizes the therapist And then Questions later The narcissist devalues the therapist Yeah, the therapist Yeah Can any headway be made in therapy With a narcissist? Yeah, I think we should make this our last question Because otherwise the viewers are going to split us We're going to say that we are all bad One hour and 45 minutes That's seriously inconsiderate It's too interesting, that's too much Yeah, can any headway be made with a therapist With therapy and narcissists? Depends how you define them That's very fine In all ages And remember the mental or psychological age is always Three to six So regardless of chronological age You're dealing with a child But in all chronological ages It's possible to modify the behaviors of the narcissist So behavior modification is possible We can teach the narcissist To reduce abrasive behaviors To control the expressions of his grandiosity To act a lot less antisocialy and psychopathically To be less defiant, impulsive, reckless Contrumacious, etc We can teach the narcissist We can domesticate or tame the narcissist The way you do with a wild animal You can, you know, you can Elephants and tigers in circuses Are not elephants and tigers in nature However, exactly like a tiger in the circus It's a tiger The fact that the tiger in the circus Enacts certain procedures or doesn't Doesn't render him, doesn't render it less of a tiger So you can teach the narcissist To behave in specific ways, condition the narcissist Induce positive reinforcements, negative reinforcements, and so on It won't be usually in long term So you would have to repeat the procedure time and again You have to repeat the therapy time and again You can teach the narcissist, for example, not to be insulting or rude Okay, so for six months, he would mind his manners And then there will be a relapse It's similar to addiction because narcissists are addicts They're addicted to narcissistic supply Anyone who's worked with junkies and I can tell you this There's a relapse rate is enormous The relapse rate in alcoholism After three months rehab is 80% within one year They start to drink again within one year Same with the narcissists Core changes are impossible There is no way to affect core changes in narcissism Period It's a lifelong condition But I think some mistakes are being made And if these mistakes were to be corrected Perhaps we would have a better prognosis Mistake number one In all treatment modalities that I'm aware of The narcissist is treated as an adult There's an attempt to strike a therapeutic alliance There's negotiation about goals This is nonsense The narcissist is a child We need to use child psychology Point number two Narcissism may be manifested or expressed By a certain determinants and dimensions of the personality But at the core it's a post-traumatic condition And we need to apply trauma therapies to narcissists I have attempted to do exactly this I combine child psychology with trauma therapies More precisely, re-traumatization therapies For Nosak others And I combined these two I didn't invent much that was new I just combined these two methodologies or treatment modalities And I came up with what I call cold therapy And cold therapy I think standard a chance At the very least of dismantling the false self And getting rid of the need for narcissistic supply Compulsively for narcissistic supply and grandiosity But even these modest goals are in doubt And once they've been accomplished Let's say the false self is gone Grandiosity is gone No need for supply Let's assume That's not narcissism That's an element of narcissism For example, grandiosity Grandiosity is common in many other mental health disorders In borderline, in psychopathy, in bipolar disorder So getting rid of the grandiosity part Is restoring some cognitive functioning And doing the cognitive distortion Restoring in reality testing to the narcissists But that's not narcissism That's not even 10% of narcissism That's why many self-styled experts online Confuse narcissism with psychopathy They say all psychopaths are narcissists Which is rank nonsense Only a minority, a small minority of psychopaths are narcissists All psychopaths are grandiose Exactly like narcissists But it doesn't make them narcissists Grandiosity is not the same as narcissism It's an elementary narcissism So cold therapy Succeeds to get rid of Should succeed to get rid of Grandiosity But even cold therapy Would have no impact on the core Poor dynamics of narcissism The damage is done It's massive There are problems without solutions And there are diseases without cures We need to accept this This is the American mindset The American mindset is If you just throw money at it or whatever Everyone can change Everything can, everyone can change Every problem can be solved Every disease can be cured That's counterfactual It's not true And narcissism is a great example It's been a pleasure to talk to you Professor, thank you so much for your time I appreciate it My pleasure I hope the recording is decipherable We'll discover in a few minutes And I will be uploading it to my YouTube channel Yeah, sure Okay, take care, Claire All right, thank you Take care, Claire You guys stop the recording, Claire Oh yeah, all right, recording is mine It's all mine I like to control the recording Here I am, I'm stopping it Take care That's okay I understand I'll go back and edit out some of the bits Where there was a bit of interference Or whatever was there Or in the beginning when you told me to stop saying Uh-huh, uh-huh We'll take that bit out Okay, next time, next time we will know Yes, next time, hopefully we have a better internet connection But thank you I honestly think that you're amazing I find you incredibly inspiring And I've really, really enjoyed talking to you I could have listened to you for the rest of the night Thank you Well, thank you so much All right, see you again We'll stay in touch Yes, definitely


X, take us to the last leg, would you say, or the go-ahead bucket. Who took this? I think Sam was driving for him to get that game-winner shot. Somebody came over, maybe Murray blocked the shot, but then Sam got the steal, tipped it out to me, I caught it, saw that the paint was open, made a crossover move, they stepped up, and then I shot the float. Did it feel good? Oh yeah, it felt good. As soon as I left my hand, I knew it was good, yeah. Do you have many game winners? Only, I got one in college. Yeah, that might be it. What did it mean for you guys, that reserve group, to be able to close that game out, knowing everything that Sacramento had on the line? It was pretty cool though, it was pretty cool, especially for us to battle with them coming back and have that mental fortitude to not give in to it and to stay solid mentally and everybody to keep their composure and stuff like that. Shout out to Peyton, he was holding us down with that and kind of talking about us and keeping us cool, calm, and relaxed. What did you guys say to you guys? I think you called time out when it got down to nine. Were you guys expecting to maybe hold there and when he sent you back in, what did that kind of say to you guys and what was his message during that? Nothing like crazy, nothing crazy, just keep managing the game, keep space on offensive end and don't take the shots with confidence, nothing crazy. When was the last time before tonight that you had a Gale to go head shot? I think it was in Illinois, my junior season, I had a tip note for the game winner. This is college. This is junior, last year in college, junior season, yeah. What did it mean to see the reaction from your teammates on the bench? It was sweet, it was sweet, especially, you know, because like you said, we're not necessarily playing for anything anymore since we're already solidified, so for them to still be excited about that, that was pretty cool, for sure. And the way that coach, Joe, coaches, I mean, for 48 minutes, everybody, no matter who's on the floor, how, what does that do for you guys? Yeah, he's the ultimate competitor, so for us, it makes it easy for us to know that there's only one job when we go out there and it's to win, you know, whatever, however you can impact the game, like, that's your job, you know, so it makes it easy when you have a coach who no matter what just wants to win. You just kind of find your role within that and how you can help the team. Have you enjoyed being coached by him? Yeah, I've really enjoyed it.  He's really like humble, really down to earth, really like, allows you to build like a real relationship with him and he's really authentic himself. It doesn't really hold back, so it's really cool just to kind of, you know, be authentic and not have to hold anything back to try to, you know, be a keeper please or anything like that, so I've really enjoyed it for sure. Joe said this was like the perfect environment for practice. So, like, what was it like having the pressure, close game at the garden people? Yeah. What was that environment like? It was great getting the opportunity to do that. I feel like because it was crunch time, I was really locked in because obviously the crowd was loud, but it wasn't like, like, I was like, you know, zoned in, so it didn't really faze me much, but it was great practice stuff for what we're going to go through as far as like having that mental fortitude, you know, you're up nine or maybe at the time up, you know, 12 to 14 feeling comfortable and then they're not going to lead down like, can you do what you can to stop the run? That's what it's about. So, you know, we were able to get it done. How tough is it to execute when you're with a group of guys that, you know, you practice together, but you're not in that situation together much. How did that, like, hinder it? Did it hinder it? And how did that help build like the chemistry for it if there's the next time? It definitely built the chemistry. Either way, either way it went today. Win or lose, it would have built the chemistry. Just getting the opportunity to be out there in crunch time minutes with one another and getting to learn like different guys' tendencies like, okay, does he want the ball here or where do people want the ball?  Hey, you're going to guard the primary guy. You know, I think no matter what, like I said, no matter what would have happened today, that moment would have helped that group just build more and more confidence. Like next time we're in a situation, we know how to handle it. You know? X, how do you feel like you've settled into your role on this team? I think I've settled in pretty well as far as being a defensive stopper and as far as being a screen setter, space in the corners, being able to shoot and stuff like that. And then crashing the boards as well. I feel like I've kind of learned my role and I'm able to execute it, you know, when I get my opportunities. And then what are you looking to do in this last handful of games, knowing that the reserve group will get some extra from here? Really still looking to just keep developing. And so for me, like being able to continue to space the floor and to focus more on that and being more unconscious through these next couple of games so that like it kind of just flows into the playoffs instead of like, you know, being hesitant and anything like that. So that's one, continuing to use my voice and finding my voice on the team and being able to help on that, especially on that defensive end and put people in the right positions and being able to communicate and stuff like that as well. Presented by your New England Ford dealers. Built for America. Built Ford proud.


Tears of the interior cruciate ligament, or ACL, are a common knee injury in American football. They also require a lengthy treatment process that includes surgical reconstruction, followed by nine to twelve months of recovery. Despite their significance, however, the circumstances that most often lead to these injuries aren't clear. To identify these contributing factors, a US-based research team has retrospectively reviewed what players were doing and how their bodies were positioned when their ligaments tore. Surprisingly, although football is a collision sport, their study shows that ACL tears aren't usually a contact injury. The team reached this conclusion by looking at ACL injuries occurring over three consecutive national football league seasons. To accomplish this, they compiled live video footage from 148 events. Then, two orthopedic surgeons specializing in sports medicine reviewed the videos to determine what activity a player was engaged in at the time of injury, whether the injury arose from a contact or non-contact mechanism, and how the affected leg was positioned when the tear happened. The results showed that most injuries weren't caused by direct contact to the leg. Instead, lateral movement, like pivoting or cutting, particularly when pursuing an opponent in the field or running with the ball, was the most common athletic activity at the time of injury. For most players, the affected leg was also in what can be described as a position of risk when the tear happened, with the hip flexed and abducted, the knee and early flexion, and the foot abducted and externally rotated. These findings held true for nearly all player positions, except for offensive linemen. For them, most ACL injuries were the result of direct contact. This discrepancy makes sense, as these athletes are often locked up while blocking an opponent, as another athlete falls or rolls onto them. Although there were some limitations to the study, some videos weren't perfectly angled for looking at knee position. For example, the results clearly identified common mechanisms of ACL injury in NFL players. Understanding how and why these injuries happen may just lead to injury prevention programs that could help keep players in the game.


Okay, welcome to the, this is the third session of the developer track at Scale 14X. It's sponsored by Percona, and I have to, you know, read their little marketing blurb. With more than 3,000 customers worldwide Percona, Percona is the only company that delivers enterprise-class solutions for both MySQL and MongoDB across traditional and cloud-based platforms. So, you know, I appreciate them sponsoring this. And I'm gonna go ahead and turn it over to Art Hyler Coy. He's a Jinkins infrastructure lead. So I tried to do something different for this presentation in that it's all self-contained in a Docker image.  It's about 110 megabytes, and they will probably hurt me pretty badly if everybody does this at the same time. But it'd be funny to watch, I mean. Anyways, so I'm assuming that most people here have heard of Jenkins in some form or fashion. Jenkins has been around for about a decade. A lot of people use it for continuous integration, or continuous delivery, or automation of any form or fashion. And the really big strength of Jenkins is this very broad plugin community. So there's about 1,000 plugins, and to date I don't think I've found a use case that I had for Jenkins that there wasn't some plugins to make it nicer for. And because not a lot of people know this, I wanted to highlight this. There's this organization called the SPI, which stands for Software in the Public Interest. And that's who we're affiliated with, and they are the same sort of organization that holds the Debian trademarks, and I believe Postgres, and a couple other projects who are fully formed, mature, open source project, and I'm really proud of the work that we've done to get there. And I wanted to highlight some of the sponsors of the project, and these are not sponsors in the traditional sense. These are a lot of companies that, for one reason or another, have chosen to participate in the Jenkins community. Cloudbees is a big one. Cloudbees is my employer now as of a couple months ago. They do Jenkins Enterprise, but they also fund a lot of development on Jenkins open source, which we're really thankful for. And the second really big one is the Oregon State University open source lab, and you'll find Justin and Lance running around at the conference today. The open source lab is one of the primary reasons that the Jenkins project has been so successful when we parted ways, so to speak, with Oracle a few years ago. The open source lab really helped us out a lot. And then Peter Doody, DataDog, Atlassian, and Rackspace Red Hat, all of these companies have helped us out in one form or another. Without expectations of payback or anything, I like to reference them because I think it's a nice thing to do. They support us in various ways, like DataDog has really helped us out with some of our infrastructure and Peter Doody as well. But these are some companies that support open source just because, and I think that's really cool. Need to even. So I work for CloudVs, but I've been in the Jenkins community for the past seven or eight years now. I originally started because I was using, it was called Hudson at the time, and the project was on Java.net, and I couldn't find answers to the questions that I had, so I went to IRC, which is how I solve all my problems as I go complain on IRC until someone points out how dumb I am and I fix something. So I started participating with the Jenkins project then, and as we grew, I started to participate more and more, and not being a Java developer, I started to participate in the infrastructure side of things, and as of last year sometime I became a Jenkins board member, and I'll be one until someone votes me out, I guess. But the talk that I wanted to give is largely around infrastructure, and for the scope of what I want to talk about, this is what I mean by infrastructure. We all know machines like an AWS EC2 instance, or a physical rack that goes in, or a machine that goes into a rack somewhere. But we're also talking about configuration management, managing files, services, secrets, passwords and credentials and things like that, but also the packaging tooling to package up our applications and get those out, and the deployment tooling that drives those out into a production environment, and then the monitoring and alerting that tells us whether that's doing what we thought it's doing. That's infrastructure, as far as the next 30, 40 minutes or however long I talk, that's what I mean by infrastructure. In the Jenkins project, we have a lot more, like if you think about project infrastructures, like Debian, who thinks about all of the services that run the Debian project, like nobody, no one ever considers the actual infrastructure behind all of these great big open source projects. And so when I got involved in the infrastructure for the Jenkins project, we have a lot of stuff going on. We have a very vibrant plugin developer community, so we have to have built infrastructure for those developers. We have to have Jira and Confluence, so those developers can work not only on Jenkins Core, but also on the plugins effectively. And someone's got to be responsible for that. And we also have release infrastructure, Koske, who I think left, who is in here taking pictures. That's the founder of the project, by the way. If you want to come by the booth later, you can meet the guy who created Jenkins, which is a pretty cool thing about this conference. But he really believes in releasing often. So for the last decade, Jenkins has been released once a week, a version of Jenkins. And for better or worse, the size of Jenkins, the actual file that we distribute has gotten bigger over the years as well. So a distribution of the Jenkins application is 100 megabytes right now. So every week, we are releasing 100 megabyte archive to tens of thousands of people that are pulling it down, testing it, or evaluating it for one reason or another. And that's just Jenkins itself. Then there's all of these thousand plugins around it, which all have to be distributed. And there's infrastructure that goes behind that, and someone has to be responsible for it. So in the beginning, and I wanted to give you guys a brief sort of history of how we came to be where we are with our project infrastructure. We were originally on a site called java.net, which was like SourceForge, but even worse, 10 years ago. And we were quickly outgrowing it. Like the only other successful project on java.net that I can remember was Glassfish. And Hudson at the time was becoming more and more popular, and Bugzilla that was provided through collabnet wasn't working, distribution, or excuse me, through java.net wasn't working, and distribution wasn't working. So we started to provision our own services to run these things. And Koske, who worked at Sun Microsystems at the time, his modus operandi for doing this was he would go find machines in data centers around Santa Clara, where he worked, and he would basically commandeer them. Like it was sort of fly by night operation. We would find machines in one closet and that became Jira. They would find machines in another and that became like a build machine. And everything was set up manually. So the way that I got involved with Jenkins Project Infrastructure is Koske gave me root access to a bunch of machines which had no history, which had no means of being repeatedly provisioned.   So in 2014, I learned to puppet where I was working at the time and like someone in their early 20s when they learned something new, they're like, great, I'm gonna do this for everything from now on forever. And so I was really anxious to apply puppet to all the things that I was responsible for. So we deployed masterless puppet and we deployed masterless puppet because puppet with a puppet master was terrifying to me. As soon as I got to the point of provisioning an open SSL certificate, I threw up my hands and said, screw this, I don't wanna do it. I don't wanna play anymore, this isn't fun. And we deployed Nagyous and we didn't really have a development environment for puppet at the time. And I don't think we were unique in this case. I went to a meetup in 2011 in San Francisco and we had a testing infrastructure round table. And if you can imagine like 30 people sitting at a big conference room table going, how do you do it? And I'm like, I don't know, how are you doing it? Like that's how people were testing infrastructure in 2011 because they're just one of the tools available and we were no different at that time. So in 2014, we started working with a puppet enterprise because I asked nicely and puppet gave us puppet enterprise. If you work for an open source project, don't just ask people for free stuff. And if they say no, it's okay. But if they say yes, then you get cool free stuff. So we also started using Datadog and PagerDD at that time. And we started to make a more mature development stack as well. By this time, our spec puppet existed, which was really cool. Server spec existed and I'll explain more about what these are, but we had the tools for me coming from a software engineering background. I all of a sudden had the tools to describe my infrastructure, the same way I would describe and validate any other piece of software. And so this is where we are right now. But like I said, infrastructure is hard. And open source infrastructure is even harder if that makes sense. Like if you're in an operations role, someone is paying you to endure pain. When you're in an open source operations role, no one's paying you to endure pain.  And that's what makes open source infrastructure hard. And it's also why Jenkins infrastructure is difficult because no one wants to volunteer for some of those challenging things. And because we're cheap and we just take whatever people will give us, we have assets across four different data centers. Where I've worked previously, we had assets in one data center and that was difficult at that time. But for the Jenkins project with this Spartan infrastructure with very few people who are sort of guiding over it, we have a multi-site infrastructure which makes things difficult. Now this kind of brings me to continuous delivery and it's a logical leap. And I'm asking you to leap with me because it'll make sense soon. So the big reason that people don't like continuous delivery, don't practice continuous delivery in my experience talking with people is that it hurts. Like every time I touch production, something goes wrong. Every time I try to do a deployment, I've got to go through this checklist of 20 different things to make sure that someone somewhere has made sure that this is in the right spot. This is configured correctly and we can do a deployment. And the nice thing about continuous delivery is it gets better when you do more of those deployments. Like the more you focus on it, the more you take those things that suck and you focus on automating and fixing those, the better it gets. And so instead of once a month or if you're really unfortunate and work at a big giant corporation like once a quarter or once every six months, doing a big bang release that just obliterates an entire week of your time, doing these little incremental releases, you have these little incremental pieces of risk. And it's really the big difference with continuous delivery and another concept that people will talk about continuous deployment is with continuous delivery, our goal is to get changes we're making in a state that's ready to go live. That doesn't mean we have to deploy every single commit, but every single commit should be in a state of ready or not ready. And then if we decide to deploy, that's up to us, but everything should be vetted enough to where someone can pull the trigger if we need to pull the trigger. As in a business, you wanna do that so you can get new features, new changes, fixes to your customers effectively and reliably. In the case of open source infrastructure, you wanna do that because no one's got time to deal with broken deployments when you've got an all volunteer team. Yeah, I think continuous delivery is neat. But like I said, infrastructure is hard. There's a lot of different things here and there are very different things. It's not like everything is a piece of software here. Some things are just physical machines which have different requirements. But to get to that continuous delivery world, we needed two ingredients in the infrastructure ecosystem. We needed testability of our infrastructure and reproducibility. So I wanna focus on testability first because that's like, we're getting to Jenkins. Don't worry, we'll get there. But if Jenkins can't run tests and you don't have any tests to verify that what you're doing with your infrastructure is correct, all Jenkins is gonna do is deploy code for you. You're not gonna really get a lot of benefit from it. So if you're not already familiar with sort of, I would say the two most important strata of testing in the software world, we've got unit testing and acceptance testing. And I'll focus on unit testing of infrastructure first, but we've got a couple of tools and I mentioned these before. We've got RSpecPuppet, which we'll go through and then server spec for acceptance testing. And unit testing in Puppet sort of requires you to know how Puppet works. If I could just get a show of hands, who knows how, who's used Puppet before? Most people, all right. Or maybe half people, half people, we'll go half.


Mosquitoes. The battle continues, but the battlefield is changing. Throughout the millennia, people have fought mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit.  Mosquitoes are becoming resistant to insecticides. The diseases they carry are becoming resistant to drugs. And mass use of pesticides required for control has negative effects. On public health, on beneficial organisms and on the environment. But there is another battle plan, the sterile insect technique, SIT. SIT is a type of birth control for insects. Already successful in controlling major crop and livestock insect pests, SIT is being refined and validated to control mosquitoes. Special factories rear millions of male mosquitoes. Sterilize them with radiation. And then release them into target areas at regular intervals. They mate with the wild females, but the males are sterile. There are no offspring. When sufficient sterile male mosquitoes are released, each successive generation will have fewer wild mosquitoes and the population will be suppressed. Success will depend on people, in villages, towns and also cities. Collaborating with public campaigns to eliminate mosquito breeding sites, in combination with traditional control methods and the release of sterile males. This integrated management reduces the mosquito population enough to prevent disease transmission and nuisance biting. As there is no environmental pollution, no development of resistance, it is sustainable. SIT offers an additional method to control mosquitoes and the diseases they carry and thus to reduce human suffering in many parts of the globe.


I'm here in Rovenyemi Finland today. We're participating in Arctic Challenge 2021, a multinational exercise in Finland, Norway and Sweden. We are a reserve organized, led and executed unit. We're all here voluntarily to train on air refueling by taking off in this airplane with thousands of pounds of gas on board. We can extend their training time in the air and enhance their effectiveness in their training. There's a lot of working together, overcoming language barriers and different ways of doing things so that if it came down to it and we had to put things on the line against an opponent, we could do so as one team in one fight.


Hello and welcome to this second video in this set of lectures. In these video lectures, we shall be looking at how to solve a particular problem by using for loops and if condition. The objective of this video series is to help students with problem solving and to prepare them for competitive programming. So at the end of this session, students will be able to solve a particular problem by writing a C program using loops and if condition. So these are the prerequisites as the earlier videos I highly recommend you to go through these particular videos before approaching to solve this particular problem that we are going to discuss in today's video lecture. So this is the problem statement. Under your given a string of random n characters, our approach to solve the problem is to write an efficient C code to find the number of vowels in the string and print the total number of all vowels that are present in the string. If you watch the previous video I had written or shared a code to find the number of vowels in a particular string. But in this particular problem, we are going to find out the number of the number of vowels as well as how many number of a particular vowel is present in the string. Say for example, I pass America as the input or the input string is America. Now if we carefully see this particular string of characters has four vowels. Now if you remember vowels in English alphabet are A, E, I, O, U. So we want to find out how many vowels are present and what is the number of the vowels which are present in the string. If you carefully see there are two A's starting and the ending character is A, there is a single E as well as a single I. So the total number is four but they are split as A is 2, E is 1 and I is 1. So we want to find out that in an entire given string how many vowels are present and what is the number of vowels that are present in the string. So first we shall discuss the algorithm that is required. So this is the algorithm. First we input or we take the input string from the user, store it in a variable say for example, I would like to call this variable of character array as str. Now our input string is stored in str. Now we initialize the array alpha, I take another character array name it as alpha to store the vowels and another array count to store the number of each vowel occurring in the string. Now we want the count of A's, the count of E, the count of I and the count of O and U in a given string. So we will store A, E, I, O, U in an array and we will take another array which will store the count of A, E, I, O, U. So we need two arrays. I will name one array as alpha and the other array as count to do this computation. Now as earlier we will scan the string from start till end and if vowel occurs that is any character from A, E, I, O, U occurs we will increment the respective vowel variable by one and we will do it till we reach the end of the string. And once it is done we will display the found vowels only and the count of the vowels. Now I shall switch my screen and we shall see how the problem is to be solved. Now I am using code blocks IDE, I highly recommend students to use code blocks IDE for it is a freely available software and you can keep all your codes together in one place in one project so that you can switch from one program to other program or project and do it quite comfortably. So as seen in the algorithm I am going to declare the string of max size where max size is 100 so I am potentially looking at a string of maximum size 100. As discussed in the algorithm I am storing all the vowels A, E, I, O, U in a character array alpha and also the count of the particular vowels I have initialized it to 0. Now you need not to worry since I have written it in small of course we will be scanning for both the small as well as the large capital letters and we are going to detect all of the vowels. This is just for storing and calculation okay so I have taken two arrays and I have stored the count of them at the starting of the program as 0. Now this is the step one we take the input of the string you can use F get S function which will take a maximum input of 100 characters or you can also use scan F function as I have written it here on line number 18 or else you can also use get S function but using F get S function is recommended and it will store all the input that we take from the keyboard into str array which we have declared here the character array. Now we come to step number two, now step number two we declare vowel as we initialize vowel as 0 and we want to scan the entire string. Now the limit of the string is the length of the string so using this str l en function we store the length of the string in the variable l en. Now moving ahead we want to detect the vowels in the string now we are using is alpha function here on line number 39 now what is alpha function does is it scans every character we are using it to scan every character in our input string and it is a function to check if the past character to is alpha function is an alphabet or not. What this function does is if it is an alphabet it returns a non-zero value. So if this function here returns a non-zero value stating that it is a character in the English alphabet that is any of the characters from the English alphabet this complete if condition will be activated if there is a say for example if there is a space or if there is a comma or an exclamation in the or a full stop in the string that will be avoided that will not be considered. So if it is an English character or an alphabet what happens is this block this if condition is activated and the control comes here and we check that if the character is a small A or it is a capital A we increment the count of the 0th position that is the position that we have that we are using for A if it is a E we increment count one of one that is the second position as we know that there are only five vowels we have reserved the index position of the count one array from 0 to 4. So 0 will be used for A 1 will be used for E 2 will be used for I 3 will be used for O and 4 will be used for U. So when any of these characters are scanned and detected the respective count will be incremented and once the count is incremented what we will do is we will scan from 0 to 5 that is from A to U and if the count is not equals 0 that means if A is detected in the string then only the particular alphabet A and its count will be displayed or will be printed. If say for example O or U was not detected in the string the count respective count will remain 0 and it will not be printed. So this is the program that I have written I have shared the link the downloadable link in the description area you can see for this program I am going to check for its execution. So I enter a string as America and hit enter so as you can see there are two A's so the count of A which is detected is 2 the count of E again is detected and this one and the count of I is detected which is 1. Now O and U are not present in the string so the count remains 0 and since the count is 0 we have not printed it here so you can write the program and check the output for yourself. Now moving ahead I want you to pause the video here write the program for yourself now using the while loop you already have seen the program how we can detect the vowels and the number of vowels using for loop write down the same program using while loop. So we come back again and check how we can write the same program using a while loop so I will directly go to this step algorithm step 3 and instead of for loop we are writing a while loop now we want to scan the entire string from starting to ending so we will scan till the character is a new line character that is slash n so while string of I is not equal to the new line character that is enter so while enter is not pressed before doing this we have initialized variable I to 0 which we are going to use to scan the entire array if is alpha of string of I not equal to 0 that is as it is and after one particular character is scanned what we have to do is we have to increment I by 1 so that the for the next while loop the new character is detected. So this I incrementation is done in the while loop whereas the comparison of string and the if condition is till starting from line number 41 to 50 and at 51 line that is outside the if condition the block after the if condition we are incrementing I so if you use this while loop we can write the same program using file while loop and we can get the output it will also generate the same output so these are the references that I have used for the video lecture you can also refer to these references and it will benefit you a lot thank you.