Well good afternoon ladies and gentlemen it's very good indeed to welcome you here to the latest cells lunchtime seminar and I'm delighted to introduce Sir Stephen Wall who has been one of the most influential players on the European circuit in the various capacities in which he has occupied and he has recently published a book called The Reluctant European and the details are on the chat. Now all his CV is available for you to see on the cell's website and I think what would be a good use of time is instead of me introducing him and saying how lucky we are to have him and to benefit from what he has to say to let him talk and the plan is that he will talk for about 20-25 minutes and then we'll open the floor to questions if you could ask your questions via the Q&A box on the Zoom call and we'll try and read as many of these questions as we can and we aim to be finished by about 10-2 so that you can go on to your next activities. So Stephen the floor is yours and thank you very much for joining us. No well thank you for inviting me and thank you to those who are giving up their lunch hour to to participate. Yeah I spent a lot of my career in the British Foreign Office in and around the European Union and the Britain's ambassador for five years to the European Union and I wanted to write a book which really set out not so much the details of the whole Brexit process itself but how would we got there what was it about our relationship that had made it not inevitable but had certainly created some of the conditions in which it happened and I say not inevitable because well Dominic Cummings himself said this would not have happened i.e. they believe that would not have happened had it not been for the immigration issue that's one factor had Boris Johnson decided that his political career was better served by campaigning to remain or had Jeremy Corbyn decided that his political career was better served by actively campaigning for remain it might have been different so it's not inevitable but there are a number of factors and I called the first chapter in the book a thousand years of history because when in 1961 Harold Macmillan the then Prime Minister applied not so much to join but to explore whether the conditions were there for Britain to join Hugh Gatesfield the leader of the Labour Party said in a speech at the party conference this would be joining the common market as we called it would be the end of a thousand years of history and most of the audience would have had a feeling about what that meant not necessarily an accurate feeling because of course you know we are a country like all countries of immigrants my own forebears on my father's side came over with the Norman conquest and all that and of course our history has been mixed up with that of our continental neighbors forever nonetheless I think there are certain defining things one of which is geography I mean the fact that we are an island is different I mean it is different obviously than having a land frontier I think your horizons are different you get into a sailing boat on the south coast and you can sail to Calais or you can sail to China you do see the world differently and that's certainly been a a factor and I think if there are defining moments in our earlier history one of those defining moments is the Reformation which is even more it seems to me a political act a political act of establishing separate English identity English identity not under the control of a foreign power in this case in particular the Pope but not just the Pope and that identity politics really seems to me to be a big feature for quite a long for quite a long time after all in the revolution of 1688 we got rid of the legitimate king James II and brought in a foreigner William of Orange because we wanted a Protestant king rather than a Catholic king I mean this is very anecdotal but it's illustrative in 1931 my father who was not a Catholic got engaged to my mother who was a Catholic and his aunt in in those days if you a non-catholic married a Catholic the Catholic church insisted that the children be brought up as Catholics and my father's aunt wrote to him from Derbyshire where he came from saying do not forget that in the churchyard in Dalydale are the remains of generations of the Wall family yeoman stock the breath and backbone of England and do not allow your children to be put under the yoke of popery this is 1931 not 1531 and she's not talking about transubstantiation or whatever she's talking about about identity and not and and the power of resisting the power of foreigners and that sense of our identity of course was massively reinforced by the outcome of World War II whereas our continental neighbors that either had their democracy laid low or in the case of Germany and Italy disgraced ours was kind of validated and vindicated and we felt we had a place in the world which was based around empire or the end of empire was of course imminent and about our uniquely close relationship with the United States so Winston Churchill's great speech a year after the war in Zurich in which he said that the future piece of Europe had to be based on combined Franco-German leadership of the continent was an extraordinary revolutionary idea then these are after all two countries that have been to war with each other three times in less than a century but it's I mean there's been a ridiculous argument what would Churchill's view have been about brexit I mean Churchill's view in that speech is very clear he basically says we want this to happen and we and the Commonwealth and the United States and hopefully Russia will give it our benign blessing but we won't be we won't be part of it and that was the instinctive reaction not just of him but of the then Labour government who's foreign secretary Ernie Bevin was not a kind of little englander Bevin was the one of the principal authors of the creation of NATO and had a very strong sense of the need for unity in terms of defence of of western interests but for the but for the British politically and economically Europe was not significant what was significant in trade terms as well as politically was the empire and the Commonwealth and as late as 1955 Britain's largest export market was Australia not not any country of Europe of Europe elsewhere in Europe not the United States but Australia then a country of only 10 million 10 million people and officials and so on who were involved when first of all the European Coal and Steel community came in in 1951 and then the negotiations began at Messina 56 leading to the Treaty of Rome in 57 a journalist called Michael Charlton interviewed lots of the people who'd been around during that period in later years in the 1980s and published a book called the price of victory and almost all of them said we simply did it simply did not register with us that what was going on on the continent was going to be significant and important the other thing that happened I think was that Britain put too much emphasis on its relationship with the United States the Suez debacle of 56 was a shot across our bows in the sense that the mission failed partly because the Americans pulled the plug on the pound but more significantly I think what we failed to appreciate in Britain was that once it became clear that the next war was not going to be started by Germany but if it was going to happen it would be started by the Soviet Union then the front line of western defense became the German frontier because it was across the West German frontier that Russian tanks would roll and Russia's aggressive intent was very clear by their efforts to basically isolate and bring Berlin under their control and of course what they're done in bringing under their control the rest of East Germany and much of Central and Eastern Europe so for the United States the front line of their defense became the German frontier and therefore they had a really strong interest in seeing a strong wealthy West Germany rise up after the war and therefore they were prepared to make some economic sacrifice of their trade interests by encouraging the common market the European community which after all is based on protectionist principles and British leaders at the time failed to see that and it was only really when the economics began to change i.e. that the prosperity of the new community at six was outstripping our own prosperity that was combined with a realization certainly on McMillan's part that we had no could no longer have any pretensions to be a superpower. McMillan wrote a pamphlet when we started negotiating with the EEC which was sent around to households in Britain that made the point that there were only two superpowers the United States and the Soviet Union with China coming up fast as well and that for Britain to have influence with the world it had to combine with like-minded countries so that and the economics were the rationale behind the decision to open negotiations and those negotiations proceeded and looked although there were difficulties by the end of 1962 as if they would succeed when in January 63 President de Gaulle of France vetoed the application all kinds of reasons why that was done the then French agriculture minister said to Christopher Somes his British office at number about a week before of the veto of course de Gaulle doesn't get going to let you in one dung hill with one cockerel what's what's to like one cock one dung hill with two cockerels as it would be if you come in that's not so good and that was certainly a factor more importantly i mean the although de Gaulle was no lover of the european institutions the european commission and and and so on this was this new organization was the vehicle for franco german reconciliation and a vehicle through which france could clasp germany of whom in the french were still afraid to its bosom and in a sense exercise a degree of control over germany as well as leadership of europe as a whole and the structure of the european community policy was based around agriculture 90 percent of the initial budget went on the so-called common agricultural policy which massively suited france's economic interests and of course de Gaulle drew his support from that sector of a french society what de Gaulle also saw very far sightedly was that britain would would actually transform the nature of the organization because we were outward looking we were not protectionist we wanted a free trade and that if britain joined a island uh uh uh danmark norway it was foreseen um would uh would come in with us but he beyond that he foresaw that the european community would increase in numbers over time he thought to maybe 50 or 18 or 18 members so uh the veto took place the conservatives lost office in 19 uh in 1964 labor came in having been hostile uh to the taurian negotiations but harald wilson came to the same conclusions of the millen had come to and uh once again uh an attempt by the british government to join was vetoed by uh de Gaulle second time in 1967 when labor lost office in 1970 they were about to embark on negotiations and those negotiations fell instead to the conservative government of of edward heath with labor opposing so labor opposed the terms of membership and the only way that wilson could keep his party from turning into an anti-european party was by promising to renegotiate the terms if labor was reelected and put them to the people so when labor came back in 74 they renegotiated and we had the first referendum a referendum that was won by a 66 vote in favor of staying for reasons connected i think with a number of things first of all the european community was seen correctly by people in britain to be a success story as compared with the british economy and one feature of the whole of this of this story i think up until the time of margaret thatcher is that of a british economy in decline really compared with that of our european uh partners the vast majority of the british press were solidly in favor uh of membership uh there was respect for uh certain politicians uh i mean the the leaders of the of the yes campaign were on the whole respected politicians the leaders of the no campaign were not and that resonated with people in a way that probably uh it wouldn't uh it wouldn't today but the referendum didn't didn't settle the divisions uh within the labor party and didn't actually achieve it very much in substantive terms and in particular because we joined late uh heath had had to accept disadvantageous terms particularly as regards the budget into which britain uh in per capita terms one of the poorer member states was the only net contributor along with with Germany and the labor government uh callahan uh the prime minister in 79 had signaled that this was going to be a big issue for renegotiation and when margaret thatcher became prime minister she took this on uh with the vengeance and effectively uh spent uh the first almost the first five years of her terms prime minister uh renegotiating the financial terms of membership so we uh we joined um instead of joining six years after the treaty of Rome we only joined 16 years after the treaty of Rome uh and effectively uh spent 10 years in renegotiating the terms of our membership and part of the terms of that membership were a commitment formally made publicly made by heath just before we joined to economic and political uh union and yet this was something which the british political establishment and to an extent public opinion found hard to swallow because our sense of national identity very much rooted in the sovereignty of of uh of parliament divisions within both parties including even then in the uh in the conservative party so although the british government had signed up to these uh commitments it actually hoped for something different it hoped really for a union that would be governed by the large by the three biggest member states uh britain france and uh uh and germany but in practice we found that difficult to do for two main reasons one the relationship between france and germany was very well established and they had a very much clearer motivation for making a success of that bilateral relationship and that that relationship was more important to them than the relationship of either uh with the united kingdom and we did you know we we did from the inside we did try and in some respects uh succeeded in changing uh the nature of the organization in ways in which the french certainly uh didn't like and the helmut schmidt the the german chancellor at the time who although of a different party from margaret thatcher liked her and admired her and she liked and admired him in a way that she didn't with his conservative successor coel schmidt uh in very about a year after thatcher came to power in 79 had a private conversation with the british ambassador in bonn and said what are you guys playing at we all hope that when you joined you would make a significant difference you would bring something that we didn't have yet what have you done you're behaving like italian shopkeepers he said uh i hope there if there are any italians in the audience they will aim off for schmidt's view you're not you're all you're doing is doing something negative and okay you're paying too much in the budget it needs to be settled but it's minuscule and you're preoccupied by these petty issues and you can't see the british the bigger picture and you're not doing anything to uh provide leadership and so there were uh opportunities missed jim callahan while he'd still been uh prime minister had been the first person approached by helmut schmidt when he proposed for the exchange rate mechanism which was the precursor of the single currency he then approached president she's got this now france who signed up uh for political reasons more for economic and callahan couldn't do it understandably economically it was very difficult for britain at the time we were in the appalling economic situation and politically within the labor party he was fighting a battle within the labor party against uh the anti european so he didn't have the he didn't have the strength uh uh to do it so it was uh an opportunity missed and when later on uh new treaty changes were proposed because of all our difficulties over the sovereignty issue and the so the perception of ceding sovereignty um that too was a real problem the paradox is that the biggest single change made uh since the treaty of rome was the single european act of 1986 uh signed by margaret thatcher uh in which there was a big transfer of articles of the treaty from unanimity to majority voting in order to complete the single uh the single market and i i would i would say that there are kind of three big achievements really of the european union one is the one is that the second is enlargement and the third obviously is the single the single currency and two out of those three are ones where britain was in a leading role uh margaret the single market is there on the the face of the treaty of rome it's on page one of the treaty but very little had been done uh apart from one of two findings by the european court for 30 years until margaret thatcher really put this on the agenda it suited her to do so because it reflected the kind of liberalization of economic policy that she wanted but nonetheless she was prepared to uh make the the big switch in terms of accepting that there would be more majority voting and even after she became a convinced sceptic in her older age she never she never denounced uh what she had uh what she had done similarly on enlargement if you if you when i was working for tony blair uh he asked me to show him a copy of the bruise speech made by margaret thatcher in 1988 and regarded as uh at the time by our partners as an outrageous denunciation of everything that they held dear and tony blair said to me well she said the speech isn't this a rather a good speech she said and if you read it uh i mean it's a reflection on quite a lot of things that if you read that speech today it looks like a commonplace the first thing she said was you know we've not rolled back the frontiers of the state in britain to have them reimposed from a centralizing brussel's authority and secondly she said and remember we're talking about countries that were then behind the uncurt and let us not forget that war saw prog and budapest are great european cities and even that was regarded like spitting in church and there was a deep suspicion that the only reason the british were motivated to propose enlargement was because we wanted to dilute the whole project and in fact if you look at the documents that's not the case the motivation i mean starting with greece after the fall of the kernels progressing through spain and portugal after fascism and then to the countries of eastern and central europe after the fall of the berlin war the main motivation of the british government was to promote democratic values now it's a fact is as well they hoped that a larger organization would dilute some of the uh intensity of the desire for political and economic union uh of uh of our partners but that wasn't uh that wasn't the main motivation and then of course the third big issue where we which we didn't take the lead and indeed absent it ourselves was the single uh currency i was working for john major at the time and i think it's now forgotten that is as big a preoccupation as opting out was ensuring that we had the right to opt in uh generation really of civil servants and and politicians had been scarred uh by the fact that we'd had to accept bad terms if you like for joining the european community because we joined late and and there was a determination to ensure that if one at some point we did want to join the single currency we wouldn't uh face any uh any obstacles but i i mean i didn't myself see at the time just how significant our non-participation was because i think basically we absented ourselves from something that became self-evidently this sort of core existential policy really uh of the european uh union and i think we then became on a divergent path uh which made it uh easier if you like to get to the point where we got to uh in uh in 2016 and i think that if you look at the negotiation that david cameron conducted as as prime minister um had he won the referendum and the various concessions that he secured come into come into place uh you you're left wondering almost what would have been left of british uh membership you know when you spend a lot of time negotiating away from the the opening lines of the treaty of Rome ever close a union among the peoples of europe you can't can't even sign up to that and it was always ever close union of the peoples uh not governments you've gone uh a very a very long way um i think we know we now we now have to look to our future and assuming big assumption that we get an agreement with uh our former partners on what basis can we rebuild uh a positive uh relationship how do we use uh such strengths as as as we have and we do have um to establish a collaboration which won't happen automatically i don't think geographical proximity makes it happen automatically it has to be worked on there has to be the will to do it even within the european union i was very struck is my last thing before i shut up um we had bilateral summits each year with the french president with the german chancellor and having those summits made us sit down on both sides of of the channel particularly in the case of the french and think what are we going to do to make this a success what initiatives can we can we take and so quite a lot of positive impetus came from that that's no longer there i mean you know the the the phone lines now between uh brussell between brussells and other european capitals and london uh will by and large be silent for 90 percent of the business of the european union they will have no particular motivation for for wanting to the british view so as one of my french friends uh emailed me recently um you the british will have to make yourselves want it again uh if that uh if that relationship is to be rebuilt anyway that's enough from me thank you


Hello, and welcome to the Global State of Democracy Indices website walkthrough. My name is Joe Nunez, I'm an associate program officer with International Idea, and we're going to be looking at the website of the Global State of Democracy Indices today. We won't be talking too much about the methodology of the indices, but rather go through each of the features of the website and teach you how you can get data from the website. The Global State of Democracy Indices is a measurement of democracy that we've developed an international idea. It measures democracy on five different attributes. You can see them on the left-hand side here, representative of government, fundamental rights, checks on government, impartial administration, and participatory engagement. It gives scores for every country and year from 1975 to 2017. Currently we only have data up to 2015 on the website, but later this year, later in 2018, we will have data going up to 2017. It includes data on all countries that have over one million people, so 158 countries. So to start with the website, you can go to the top right-hand corner here, and you can get an about section. This gives you an overview of the Global State of Democracy Indices, basically what I have just said, but in written form. You can also see the different attributes, the sub-attributes, and the assessment questions. So what the sub-attributes actually measure. This is a useful tool if you want a quick overview of what the indices are. If you want a little bit more detail, you can go to the data set and resources tab. Here we have the data set itself, so an Excel file or a CSV file that is about 6,000 rows long and about 200 rows wide. So it's a kind of a very complex, very big data set, and that's why we built the website is because we want to make it a little bit more accessible for people who do not have the time or the technical knowledge to go through and make dry out data. We also have the Global State of Democracy's Indices methodology here. This is a very important report or outline of how we made the indices, the conceptual distinctions, the theoretical frameworks, and how it all fits together statistically. This is where you want to go if you want in-depth explanation about which certain attributes or sub-attributes measure, or if you want more general knowledge about the methodology of the indices, it's very comprehensive. We also have the Technical Procedures Guide, which is a bit more step-by-step of how we did anything, which could be useful if you want to take the analysis a bit further or learn on your own about how to construct indices. The Codebook has information about all of the variables in the GSOD indices. So this would be an essential Codebook to have if you're playing with the data that you've downloaded on the Excel formats or the SPSS format. We also have some kind of quicker ways to get information. We have a Quick Facts, which is just a really quick explanation of the indices in about two pages. The Annex of the Global State of Democracy's publication provides a summarized methodology along with some useful tools about how to use confidence intervals, for instance. So I would recommend reading that if you want to know more about confidence intervals. Lastly, we have a Geographical Definitions of Regions in the Global State of Democracy Indices. The other tab that we have is the Frequently Asked Questions. So these questions have been harvested from different seminars we've had, different talks, and we've gotten questions from participants, and we've reflected them onto this website. So if you have a question, hopefully most of them will be answered here. For instance, why there's not a single democracy score, why certain countries are excluded, and how you should analyze the data. But if there isn't a question that you don't see up here, you can email us at gsod.indices at idea.int. And we'll answer your question, and then we'll add it to the Frequently Asked Questions. So again, that's gsod.indices at idea.int. So if you want to go back to the visualization page, you can just click in the top left corner here. So we'll go to the Global State of Democracies Indices button. So we start out with the World Map. The World Map is a good way to get a really quick overview of how countries are doing what their state of democracy is. On the different visualization tabs, we'll have a section at the top here that gives some information, some pointers, that you'll get to see the first time you visit the website. So I'm just going to take that away there. So on the top left side, you can choose the attributes. So let's take a look at Representative Government. The tooltips here, beneath the little question marks, give you a little explanation about what each of the attributes actually measures. So here, Representative Government measures free and equal access to political power, fundamental rights, it measures individual liberties and resources. And we have a tooltip for each of the different attributes. So let's choose Representative Government. As you can see, when I click, you can also see the sub-attributes of Representative Government. So these are the different aspects that go into that score. So we have clean elections, inclusive suffrage, and so forth. So here's how the world in 2015 looks for Representative Government. The darker the score, the higher performance on the country has on Representative Government. You can see here on the right-hand side, the bottom right-hand side, there is a key. So the darker the score, the higher the score. All right, the darker the color, the higher the score, the better performance. So here you can kind of get a bird's eye view of the regions. So here you see that Russia, that Europe has pretty consistent scores. They're generally higher performing in Europe. They have above 0.75. You can see here Sweden has 0.85 in 2015. But then other regions have different levels of democracy in the region. If you look at Asia and the Pacific, for instance, you have some very high-performing countries such as New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, India. But then you have some very low-performing countries such as China, which doesn't have electoral regimes at all. You can also go back in time if you're interested in seeing how certain regions look in the past. So let's go back all the way to 1975. Here you can see the colors have lightened up. The democracy scores are much lower in 1975 than they are in 2015. And you can use this to kind of, again, get a visual understanding of how the world looks on different attributes of democracy. You can choose any of the different attributes or sub-attributes to visualize. So here is absence of corruption. But if you want to go into a little bit more detail and maybe not have as many such a broad overview, you can go to the compare attributes and sub-attributes section. So here we're going to look at Latin America and the Caribbean. So you can choose regions, sub-regions, and countries when you visualize this. I've decided to visualize Latin America and the Caribbean as a region. So we're going to select fundamental rights on the left-hand side. And here you just get a simple line chart showing the trajectory of fundamental rights from 1975 to 2015. As you can see, the fundamental rights in 1975, if you hover over the line there, you can see the score was quite low, it was 0.35 in 1976. But you can change the time frame if it's more interesting for you. You can go to 1990 and see the expansion then. And you can see here in 2015, it went up to 0.60. So this is kind of a good way if you want to look at one region, sub-region, or country across one variable or one attribute or the sub-attributes underneath it. So here you can also visualize access to justice, civil liberties, and social rights and equality. And you can see that generally they have a general similar trajectory. I want to advise everyone not to compare scores against each other. For instance, it's not methodologically correct to say that civil liberties is higher than fundamental rights. They measure distinct concepts and the scales can sometimes be different. So you can compare the trends, you can say civil liberties has increased at the same time that fundamental rights has, but you can't directly compare them one to one. And it's because of this that we don't allow you to compare across attributes. So if I go to representative government, I can't visualize fundamental rights at the same time. You can only visualize one. And the reason behind that is that they're distinct concepts. Representative government captures things to do with electoral democracy, whereas fundamental rights captures things like social rights. And they're distinct concepts and we want to keep them separate and we don't want people to compare them directly. And you can see in the top corner here, or the top banner, we have a help button that explains basically what I just said, but if in case you forget, you can see that there. Now, if you want to look at the changes between regions and countries or if you want to compare different regions, we can go to the compare regions and countries tab. So here you choose one attribute or sub attribute and you compare it across a number of different countries or regions. So I'm going to select here, I'm going to select civil liberties, which is underneath the fundamental rights tab. And I'm going to take a look at East Africa, West Africa, and the overall score for Africa. And you can see here, you can use the search button to the top left or you can browse through. So it's nested so that the top level is the highest region or the biggest region. Then you have sub regions beneath it and underneath that you have countries. So for instance, if we wanted to see Kenya, we can visualize that as well. So here you have the trajectory of civil liberties across East Africa, West Africa, Africa, and Kenya. And you can see that generally there's been an improvement across all of regions. But you can see that West Africa has actually been the best performing region, sub region of Africa, whereas East Africa, although they've improved quite a lot, still have the ways to go to get to the African average. The shaded areas here are confidence intervals, which you can read more about in the annex of the publication. They essentially allow you to make statements about whether it's a statistically significant difference between any two lines or two regions or variables. It's important to learn a lot about those and to read about them if you want to make strong claims. For instance, saying that this country has seen a significant decrease. You want to learn more about those, which you can read about in the annex of the publication. So this is a useful tab. I think this is one of the most useful tabs that we have because it allows you to compare between regions. And it's important because the indices are a relative scale to get to understand how a country or region does compared to either the global average or a region that's relevant. For instance, here with Kenya, it's interesting that it's performing much higher than the East African average. And it's actually performing closer to the West African average and it's above the African average. If you just saw the score that Kenya had, which is about 0.771 in 2015, it would be hard to know what that actually means, whether it's high or low. So that's why it's very important to contextualize the data by looking at either relevant regions, relevant countries. So if you're comparing Kenya, look at how it compares to the East African average or the global average. So always try to do that wherever possible. But if you're a little pressed for time and you want to learn a bit more about how a certain country is doing, you can use the country region profiles. So let's take that Kenya example again and let's pull up Kenya. So here you have Kenya's scores in 2015. You have their scores for representative government, fundamental rights, checks on government, impartial administration, and the sub attributes underneath them. It's important to note that we don't have a single score for participatory engagement and that's why you don't see a score there. So again, here you can kind of get an overview of how the country is doing. It gives you a very quick overview and you can also compare to the past. So if you want to see what Kenya looked like in 1975, they have a bit lower scores on representative government. They only have a 0.38. You can see that in the purple right there. But now in 2015, they have a score of 0.62 that almost doubled. And again, we have a feature here that allows you to quickly compare the country performance to the regional and the global performance. So if you click on this, it'll bring in East Africa, Africa and the world. Again, this gives you more context. So now you can see that, okay, Kenya has a 6.62. I'm not sure exactly what that means in representative government. But I see now that it's much higher than the East African average, higher than the African average, and slightly above if not in par with the global average. So that's a really useful tool and it's important to really understanding and not misunderstanding the indices. But if you want something that's kind of quick, you want to take something on the go, you can use the download country profile button. Now this button will create a PDF of the selection that you have. So here we have Kenya in 2015. You have the scores here for 2015, like we just showed on the country profile tab. But you also have the trends over time. Again, we have the country level region and the global. So this is a useful tool if you are going to the country or if you really just need something quick to print out and take with you. And I would recommend using this as a place to go for those who need to save a bit of time. And of course, we have a quick description about the global state of democracy indices to help you understand what these different things actually mean. And one thing to note is that on all of the different charts, you can get the data behind it quite easily. If you click on the top right in this button here that looks like a table, you get the table of all the scores. So in this case, it's all of the attributes scores for 2015. So it's a short row with a lot of columns. But if you go to, for instance, the compare regions tab, you can do the same thing and you'll get a map with a table with Kenya, East Africa, West Africa, Africa, and their different civil liberties scores by year. So if you want to take this data, maybe you don't want to show the chart, but you want to show a table, you can easily just print this out and do or you can download it and do what you like with it. We also have a button where you can download all of the tables or all of the charts with the exception of the world map. So if you click the download chart button, it'll develop a chart that's presentation ready. So this is a quick overview of the, that was a quick overview of the Global State of Democracy Indices website. We will be updating it, as I said earlier with data from 2017 in the end of 2018. So we will have new data for you to analyze, but with the same structure of the website. Thank you, and if you have any questions, you can always email us at GSOD.indicesatidea.int. So that's GSOD.indicesatidea.int, thank you.


The IEA said and I said that we would be monitoring the control discharge of the treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant before, during and after the operation. The IEA is here. We will continue until the very last drop.


Yeah, they're a blast come Independence Day. For us, but fireworks are frightening to many pets. Some ways you can take the stress out of your furry friends' Fourth of July celebrations coming up. Are you prepared to protect your pets in the case of a wildfire? You need a plan, even for the biggest of animals. Also coming up, triple digit temperatures and your pet's health. Experts weigh in with potential life-saving advice. It's a petapalooza in this edition of Inside Look. Hello and welcome to another Inside Look, I'm Shawn Boyd. If you like animals, well this show is for you. Triple digits are knocking on our door. So it's about the right time to think about our furry members of the family. And no, I'm not talking about your uncle with the hairy back. We're talking of course about your pets. They have needs too when they're exposed to summertime heat. We met up with the good people at the Sacramento SPCA for some advice. We will take in about 13,500 animals this year, homeless animals, just here at the Sacramento SPCA alone. We do adoptions, we do dog training, we have a free behavior helpline, we run a series of summer camps, which are going on right now. We have a growing number of services for both humans and animals in the Greater Sacramento region. We're at the Sacramento SPCA on Florin Perkins Road in Sacramento. People should be on the lookout for signs of heat exhaustion include if temperatures rise above say 103, that's a serious condition. People should be on the lookout for animals with excessive panting, drooling, bright red gums, lethargy, indicate that an animal could be experiencing heat stress. If you do suspect that your animal is experiencing heat stress, we recommend that you cool that animal down, not with ice cold water, but with cool water, a hose, a kiddie pool with some water in it, immediately alert your veterinarian and get that animal in because even if the animal starts to show that they're feeling better, there still could be lingering after effects of that heat exhaustion. Five things that I think people should watch for in the summer, first and foremost, keep them out of the car, bring them in the house. If they must be outside, keep them cool. Watch for fleas and ticks. Watch for other people's animals. Watch for those, you know, watch for the animal in the parking lot. Keep an eagle eye out for animals that might be under, under duress in a heated car. And know the signs of heat stress. Know your animal well enough to know if they're showing symptoms of heat stress or heat exhaustion. Solid advice. Now, speaking of animals in hot weather, Monica Vargas and Phoebe hanging out with us here in the Cal OES newsroom where it's nice and cool and all things are heating up outside. Hey, Phoebe. Hi, Monica. Hey. So, yep, it sure is warming up outside and Phoebe is loving being here in the air conditioned Cal OES newsroom. But have you ever wondered what animals do to stay cool once they are outside in the heat? Well, we're about to tell you. Here are some fun facts and cool ways that animals keep cool. Dogs like Phoebe pant to cool down, dissipating heat as water vapor. Coyotes and foxes also use the same method. Elephants like to cover themselves with duster mud. And tigers, they like to hang out and lie down in ponds and rivers. Jackrabbits use their ginormous ears for temperature regulation. Pigs, well, they like to roll in the mud and I can't say that I blame them. Hot weather is something that we have can anticipate with day's notice. But is your pet ready for something short notice like an emergency evacuation? Later on, we'll give you tips on how you can prep your pet. Sean? All right. Thanks, Monica. Phoebe. All right. So, you've likely seen them in parking lots nearly everywhere you go lately. Firework stands. They're a 4th of July tradition. But it's one that can turn your terrier into a terrified ball of fur if you don't take some steps to reduce their stress. Here's Jonathan Goodell. Have you bought your piccolo peats? What about your family packs? Remember, before you do that, nearly 70% of firework related injuries occur within a month of the 4th of July. It's easy to get lost in the beauty and pageantry of fireworks, but they can also be dangerous to your health and a potential fire hazard to your property. All legal fireworks must have the state fire marshal seal on it. If it goes up any of the air or explodes, it's clearly illegal. Nearly 700 people are injured by fireworks on the 4th of July alone. And don't forget about your pets. They need special care as well. The number one thing we encourage is make sure your pet is microchipped because if they do get out, we can reunite you with them immediately. One of the biggest mistakes is not disposing of fireworks correctly. Never put hot fireworks in the garbage. Come to my little city or as I like to call it, my Noah's Ark in the desert. Yeah, we met that gentleman, Mr. Dave Gross, the animal's volunteer coordinator at San Bernardino County's Fairgrounds Animal Shelter during the blue-cut fire two years ago. Dave helped curb the crisis when evacuees struggled to find shelters for their pets of all shapes and sizes. The shelter grew to house hundreds of animals in just a matter of two days. Luckily though, they were able to accommodate them, but many of the evacuees did not have a plan for their pets. But I know one person who most likely does, Monica Vargas. She's back once again with more on this very important reminder, Monica. Yep, we're back and you can bet that we sure do have our emergency plans. And what about you? Are you ready for the next emergency? And did you remember to prep your pet? Would you be ready to evacuate with your pets on a moment's notice? So let's not forget about our four-legged friends in those emergency plans. They're affected by disasters just like the rest of us. Here are some tips to get you started. Know your risks. Include your pet in your family emergency evacuation plan. Have an emergency kit for your pet too. Include pet food, water, medications, blankets, and anything else they may need. Toys are a good thing to bring along too. Have an animal carrier and a leash. Make sure your pet has tags with contact information. Be familiar with local shelters. And if you have large animals such as horses, preparing before a disaster is of utmost importance. And it may require a little bit more planning. Start making those emergency plans today. And to learn more about how to prep your pets, whether they're big or small, contact your local Office of Emergency Services, Animal Shelter, or Animal Control Office. Sean? Alright. Thank you, Monica. Thank you, Phoebe. Well, that does it for us. We hope you enjoyed this edition of Inside Look, and we hope you learned a little bit as well. For everyone here at Cal OES, I'm Sean Boyd. Thanks so much for watching. Visit our online newsroom at oesnews.com to learn more about this program and get the latest news and information from our team. Don't miss our next video on your Facebook timeline. Like our page and you'll get the latest posts as they happen. If you're an Instagram user, you can see the latest snapshots by following our Cal OES Instagram account. And Twitter users can get instant access to our tweets from across the state by following Cal OES.


the space the length of our intestines is actually the same as a tennis court so You know when we're watching in the Australian open for example that tennis court is inside of us and it's only one self there So any anything that can kind of get through that you know thin thin thin membrane our immune system goes Oh my gosh, you know, we're under attack and And we need we need all the energy that you have To fight this war that's you may not even feel now most people feel it by You know fatigue or you know other believe it or not They see so many particularly women with depression and anxiety and they Don't have a clue unfortunately that this is actually happening Because of this war that's starting down in their gut.  So I I Yeah, well, yeah, and luckily I've learned that Women have this sense That we should pay attention to and for the last 20 years I've been urging women in particular to please keep looking for a healthcare provider who will take your complaints seriously and Once people start doing that once I started saying gee, you know, that's Are you sure that that's going on?  I mean, I'm I can completely attest to that I I think that maybe what could be said is not only to find a practitioner that takes you seriously and is willing to Explore what it is that could be causing this What some may think is imaginary symptom, right? but also to You yourself that person out there to take your symptoms seriously to take your intuition seriously probably 2018 I Remember thinking to myself like my body had shifted a little like like gained a couple of pounds out of nowhere And I was like man, this is so weird and nothing I did made a dent on it And I was like maybe it's just I need to try harder. Maybe it's just age. Maybe it's just that but my intuition Said my hormones are off. I probably should check them fast forward now into the end of 2020 I had another shift like that and I was like, okay, this is not okay anymore and I'm one of those people that does have great energy and so It's not as easily Noticed in my world But then I finally went in and I had a slew of things including leaky gut including dysbiosis including heavy metal Toxicity, I mean just tons and tons of stuff. Thankfully I felt decent But you know the ultimate shift for me was I finally had cycle issues and then I was like well I guess I should probably do something about this So I think that yes following that intuition and getting in touch with the body and trusting that is a really important thing So do you find that food is the number one? culprit Yeah You know it properties also said, you know, let food be thy medicine and medicine be their food. He was smart Man, I don't know how you figure all this out, but yeah So that's I guess what made me famous is that a lot of the Healthy foods that we think are good for us actually contain mischievous little proteins that are the defense system of the plant against being eaten which are called lectins and lectins Bind to the wall of our gut and they actually flip a switch that breaks these tight junctions And the object of the game for a plant is not to be eaten and To make sure that it's babies don't get it eating its seeds and Their only defense against being eaten is to try and make their predator in that case us Not feel well when we eat certain Plants or plant babies and the object of the game is a smart animal If it doesn't feel well or if it's not thriving or even if it's not Reproducing the animal says, you know every time I eat this plant or this plant, baby I don't feel very well. I think I'll go eat something else The plant wins the animal wins everybody's happy humans as we all know are pretty stupid and So when we eat things that we have an intuition or we can feel that something's not right We take, you know, we take prilosec odc or toms or nexium We take antidepressants. We take a leave Advil And this actually is I write in all my books makes things worse rather than better the other thing that I think is really important that I wrote in the last book particularly is We have Amazing gut dysbiosis now just because Of two things number one the antibiotics that we take For whatever You couldn't believe the number of people who have been given antibiotics for COVID-19, which They don't work It's a it's a virus folks Number two antibiotics are fed to almost all of our conventionally farmed animals and We use them to make these animals grow quicker and faster and fatter Yeah, and so yeah so When we eat these Animals, we actually are eating the antibiotics that are in their flesh and so unbeknownst to us Those antibiotics kill off our gut microbiome. So rather than having this intense beautiful diverse Tropical rainforest of tens of thousands of species of bacteria in our gut many of us for instance after a course of antibiotics You may be reduced to one or two bacteria out of ten thousand and it may take two to three years To get that back Yeah, it's unfortunately true I mean think about it if the forest burns down and we run in there and we plant little seedlings It's gonna take 20 or 30 years to get that forest back And so we've been really naive that oh, I can take you know some probiotics the next day And I'll be back to normal and fortunately you got to build this ecosystem in your time. Oh man That's uh, that's sad to hear because like as a current issue I have Like I said dysbiosis and leaky gut and of course that stuff doesn't get tested like monthly, but you know I've heard and and Please explain this to me and help us understand that your like your face is basically like the inside out of your gut Is that accurate? That's accurate. Great. Well, my gut sucks right now and thank god for makeup But I have um, and I got this like 10 years ago It's perioral dermatitis or something like that and it basically looks like a little rash, right? It's like a little bumps around your face and I got it last summer When all of this got tested and then I was running a marathon So I was training a ton and I've heard that marathons are bad for leaky gut and gut issues. Is that correct? Oh, absolutely That's one of it's one of the worst things you can do for your health. No offense I agree and I was invited to do another one with the girls that did it with me And I said absolutely not but I will cheer you on problem is though is what do you do about it? So like in my situation, I tried to avoid antibiotics. I had a topical steroid I used it for the last six months and then I heard it could actually have A bad payoff like it makes things worse. Is that true too?  Oh my gosh I got this red rawness on the inside of my gut and I don't want that Let's say you can just let's say you're someone who can see it on your skin Maybe, you know, I've heard of a lot of people have You know avoid gluten or dairy and that also helps clear their skin up things like that So if you're someone out there and you can see it on your skin that something's going on What do you do and in this case like for even something like what I have going on the the general fix Usually is an antibiotic, right? I hope not but Oh Well, what do we do? Well, so again, this is a sign that the wall of your gut is is under attack by compounds that produce these gaps in the wall of your gut and About 80 of all my patients now Have an autoimmune disease that have been kind of all around the country of the world trying to fix Because they don't want to go on immunosuppressant drugs or they're on them and want to get off and so We we do have the benefit of testing people for leaky gut and we also have the benefit of testing people for food sensitivities and What's fascinating is years ago. We used to do food allergy testings where we put like 100 little pinpricks on your back and see what you reacted to they're worthless Really? Oh, yeah, they're worthless. I guess one of the reasons I might be believable is I'm willing to say I was wrong based on new data and Yeah, I used to use this these tests and they're useless because we now have much better tests looking at what are called food sensitivities If you have a porous wall of your gut if you have intestinal permeability Normally the foods we eat should be broken down by all of our digestive enzymes into simple sugars simple amino acids from protein and simple fatty acids from fat and those should be absorbed through the wall of our gut But if you've got spaces gaps then whole pieces of food that Were not broken down properly can actually go across the wall of our gut.  I've never I've never seen kale before And I've seen simple carbohydrates. That's a foreign protein. That's a foreign body And I'm going to attack it And so it's fascinating years ago when we first had these tests I'll backtrack for a second about 90 of people who get my book the plant paradox or one of the subsequent ones Resolve their autoimmune disease with just by following don't eat these foods And you know, it's exciting. Um that that works But about 10 of people and even 10 of my patients Despite swearing on bibles or crayons or whatever that they're following the rules They're they're better, but they're not all the way better And so when we do that, then we go more sophisticated looking for food sensitivities And I can tell you as a general rule And I wrote this in my first in the plant paradox 70 of people with celiac disease, which is the extreme form of gluten intolerance A year and a half after following a gluten-free diet still have celiac disease by intestinal biopsy Which is the gold standard. Why? Because most gluten-free foods have lectins that they are reacting to beyond gluten So 70 of people who are sensitive to wheat or sensitive to corn 100 of people who are sensitive to wheat or sensitive to oats including gluten-free oats They're sensitive to quinoa. They're sensitive to buckwheat They're sensitive to almost all the pseudo grains and they literally cross react The other thing that's unique in my trouble-making patients as I call them is most of them are sensitive to not only casein A1 Which I write about but also casein A2 Those are the milks, right? Those are the cows, right? Those are the two different kind of cows And most of the really sensitive people are sensitive to egg white and egg yolk Sorry now Yeah, the good news is And then we do a food sensitivity and quite frankly almonds show up all the time When I first did this years ago we banned almonds But when I wrote the plant paradox my editor said man, you're really mean come on. Give it. Yeah, give us something And I said, okay the the lectin is in the peel of the almonds So you can have blanched almond flour and you can have marcona almonds and it's worked pretty well But again, some of my troublemakers it's almond flour. That's the the trouble and when we get rid of that It's it's all better I'll give you a great example. Um as an athlete A couple years ago. I had an uh nhl hockey player young man 23 years old who developed Crohn's disease which is a is an autoimmune and he was having 20 episodes of bloody diarrhea a day And he was on two immunosuppressants and wasn't getting any better Uh, he had to drop out of the nhl. He lived with his mother And I he lost 75 pounds. He was a skeleton And somebody gave him my book the plant paradox and he started following it and He got down to about oh three to four bloody bowel moves today, but his weight stabilized so Get a cold call from him and said, hey, you know, this is the first thing that it has actually worked Yeah, but I'm not all the way yet.  I said, okay, let's let's do a food sensitivity And he was having a lot of almond flour bread almond flour cookies And sure enough almond flour and vanilla beans were a couple of his real trouble makers and so we took him away and He he calls me back his mother and he called me back So that was it that was it.  It takes so long I mean even I can attest to that You think it's this and then that kind of doesn't work and you go to that and the next thing and the next thing And you kind of just peel away the layers of like what is really the thing and it it takes time So when you execute it, it's like Good job, like that's hard to do. Oh, it's very hard to do And the fact that your book can do it on its own without actually having to I mean, this is the ultimate scaling option for someone like you who has this information To be able to write a book to help people because you can't possibly see all the patients that read this book I still see patients six days a week because It's it's very hard for me to turn people down unfortunately The I mean the heartwarming stories.  That's You know, and so how can I resist, you know You know, I have to keep seeing patients because they teach me What do you say Just to clean it up because I know a lot of people that have done Uh food sensitivity tests Um, and it seems like a lot of times the things that show up on it are the things you eat Correct. So how accurate Is the test itself? And is there a certain gold standard of a company that tests like is there a hierarchy? If you just sign up for the one where they send you a box and do the thing like Prick your finger a bit like is that enough or do you need to go to a certain level to achieve accurate results? And the fact that so many things show up on your diet that is what you eat. Is that because it's truly aggravating you Yeah, uh, there's a lot of questions there, but uh, I personally use a lab called vibrant america I've used lots of labs to me. They're the most accurate um The and it you know, it's going to cost you to get the the full panel. It's going to cost you about 400 500 bucks There are other labs that do them Cyrex is another one that's quite good, but I like vibrant better um Your point is well taken if you're eating a lot of things and you have leaky gut Invariably these things you are going to be sensitized to now the good news It may take me somebody else a year to get somebody's leaky gut sealed I was naive when I started this. I said a couple weeks. You'll be fine No But the good news is once you seal leaky gut We find that you become desensitized against most of these foods in fact I gave a paper at the american heart association lifestyle and epidemiology meeting two years ago showing that 94 of people Who had celiac disease and profound gluten intolerance? In a year 94 of them no longer had any antibodies to gluten their immune system Literally was retrained that gluten was not an issue for them anymore So I mean the extent we find that once you seal the gut by removing these things and once you You literally can retrain the immune system Not to react to these substances and that's why So many of my patients if I can convince them That yeah, I'm going to make you miserable and the foods I'm going to take away from you But if we seal your gut and most of the time we can We'll get these things back into your diet and and it'll be worth it long term Wow, so essentially the like testing for food sensitivities Given the fact that yes the things that you eat show up in your diet because of course like you said it passes through Particles that are way too big your body doesn't understand it. It hasn't been broken down So it's really just an indication of in your Experience that lectins being probably the number one thing to eliminate Maybe it needs to be a little more specific as it goes But that is the best starting place because the leaky gut is really just a The it's the it's the diagnosis, but it's not necessarily that your food What's causing test can be your your your gold like your it's not your bible to what to eat and what not to eat It's just saying you have inflammation You have your gut is not operating properly things are seeping through and yeah If you have a diverse diet, you're gonna see a lot of stuff on your test and and okay interesting That makes sense because you know, I mean in my experience I had a lot a lot a lot of things on my test that were a level level red level high Okay, you had said that you wanted to talk about vitamin D Yeah, the vitamin D. Is that a hormone as well? It is a hormone as well In fact, we should have named it as a hormone long ago instead of a vitamin But one of the things that I guess didn't surprise me, but maybe surprised me early on when you know, and I've been working in this area for 25 years now Is that all of these patients who presented with autoimmune diseases? Just as a start had very low levels of vitamin D And you know, I went that's kind of interesting And then all of these patients with leaky gut have low levels of vitamin D. And so yeah So there's there's several important things. Um, so vitamin D is a hormone. I've never seen vitamin D toxicity yet And I've been measuring vitamin D levels every three months for 25 years I think a normal vitamin D level should be anywhere from 100 to 150 Even the Cleveland Clinic and Quest now say that vitamin D levels up to 150 are completely normal not too high and so I'll Push my patients vitamin D levels up to 100 to 150 sometimes will go higher vitamin D does two things We have As as the cells in the wall of our gut are are hurt by these lectins and other compounds There's a bunch of replacement cells stem cells that are ready to take the place of these damaged cells It's kind of like the old revolutionary war movies where you got lots of liners of soldiers and the first guys go down and the next guys step up, right? Well, that second line Has to be pushed into place by vitamin D They sit there and twiddle their thumbs and go what am I supposed to do something? And it's vitamin D that pushes them into place. That's number one number two We know that people with autoimmune diseases their immune cells their white blood cells Normally should be sensitive to vitamin D. Vitamin D basically says hey guys relax Go have a donut and a smoke if we think of them as cops And that's not to generalize but just cool it don't carry a newsy around every everything's fine But we know that people with autoimmune diseases their immune cells do not listen to vitamin D properly So you basically have to literally hit them with a sledge hammer to quiet down so it's this two-fold effect and so Almost all human beings should be on 5000 international units of vitamin D Or 125 micrograms any of my autoimmune patients we start them on 10,000 international units The university of california san diego one of the Expert centers in vitamin d thinks the average american should take 9600 international units of vitamin d a day to have an adequate level the average american They've found and other people found that you cannot produce vitamin d toxicity at 40 000 international units a day You're safe You're safe And I have some of my really tough autoimmune patients on 40 50 000 a day That because of the bioavailability to their body of what they actually absorb and do something with excellent question It turns out when you've got a leaky gut you do not absorb it well and Long before we had measurements of leaky gut I used vitamin d levels to decide when the gut was sealed and so I'd be Pushing pushing pushing vitamin d and I'd have somebody on 30 000 units and And their vitamin d would be 50 And then on the next blood test their vitamin d is you know 140 and I go great, you know, we're there Let's start backing down now and it's actually been a very reliable Way, so you're right People with leaky gut you just can't absorb vitamin d well and once we seal you then your vitamin d Needs go down Got it. That makes perfect sense. What are some other kind of hormones that are at play that are big factors and health Well One of the things that I wrote about in the last book the energy paradox that I think people need to know is Glyphosate the active ingredient and roundup is now Omni present in our diet It's in and people You know, we we learned about roundup with gmo foods and you know roundup was developed to You know spray soybeans and kill the weeds and the soybeans would die blah blah blah And so everybody thinks of roundup as being sprayed on gmo foods but and 95 of corn in the united states is genetically modified Same with canola But now what's happened in the last 10 years is that roundup is no longer just being used on gmo crops It's now being used on conventional crops as what's called a deskin These large corporations Have to bring these multimillion dollar harvesters to a field On a certain day to be efficient. So rather than wait For the field to ripen and dry They kill the plants with roundup and then they die and then they're dry And so they basically say, okay, you know field in iowa number seven is We're gonna have the harvesters there on next day spray it with roundup so we can harvest it And so nobody's sitting around washing the weed or the oats or the corn of roundup afterwards They They don't have to declare it and so it's fed to our animals It's fed to us almost all grains the united states are contaminated with roundup Almost all vineyards in the united states are sprayed with roundup to mine's clean organic. We're organic Very good. Bless you. Yes.  Now, why should we worry about that? Well, it turns out that glyphosate is sadly now known to actually cause intestinal permeability leaky gut without doing anything else and roundup is Roundup was patented as an antibiotic glyphosate was patented as an antibiotic Was it ever administered as an antibiotic first before it became something they sprayed on? Okay.    It's poison


All right you guys. So as you know, I'm down here in Florida and I have not Had my hair cut in like six months. Seriously six months and my hair is It's fine texture, but I have a lot of it. I'm very very thick hair and as you know, if you have thick hair the longer it gets the heavier it gets and Yesterday, I was just fit to be tied. I was like I have to do something. I have to go get it cut So I randomly found I just googled a hair salon in the area and I randomly found a salon and I booked an appointment It was a godsend. I went to a creative touch in Tacomas, Florida. The lady I saw her name is Jackie She was unbelievable. I have not this is one of the best haircuts I think I've ever had in my life she cut off a lot of hair and she did my color too and She was great great great prices. She is just like us. She's awake. Just like we are I didn't know that when I booked the appointment, but we started talking and You know, it is what it is. And so I If you're in the area, if you're close to Tacomas, Florida, I would highly suggest Going to Jackie at a creative touch


Hey what's up guys, it's Tuko from Music ID TV and I kinda wanted to get into what was going on in the last couple of videos. Now in the last videos I've been talking about royalties a little bit. We've touched on mechanical royalties, we've touched on digital performance royalties and I saw a little bit of confusion going on in the comments section below which is not what we truly want because the best thing we can have is a full understanding of the way our music is actually making money so we can make money from our music. Right? So I'm going to be talking about five different royalties today so you have a better scope of what this royalty situation has going on. The five royalties I'll be talking about today is performance rights royalties, I'll be talking about mechanical royalties, master recording royalties, digital performance royalties and synchronization royalties. Okay? So performance rights royalties are what is collected by a performance rights organization. Generally we hear about this when it comes to ASCAP, BMI, CSEC, someone and so forth. They're collecting money from blanket license fees that people play in their establishments to be able to play music. This goes for venues, restaurants, lobbies and hotels, if they're playing music, those type of entities have to pay a blanket license fee that goes to ASCAP and then ASCAP pays out to songwriters. So this is not for recording artists, this is a songwriter royalty, they pay out songwriters based on a pro-rata basis, meaning whatever percentage of that song or whatever percentage of the plays that your song got is the percentage of money that you make, okay?  You got ten percent, that's what you get paid out. And the people who collect those are ASCAP, BMI, CSEC, if you're in Canada that's so can, it's a performance rights organization, whatever country you may be in, look for your performance rights organization that is most fitting for you. Outside of that, the next royalty is mechanical royalty. This is what I talk about in the song trust video. This royalty is directly connected to your streaming and your sales, okay? This is also a songwriter royalty. This is for the songwriter and companies that take care of this are Song Trust, tunecore music publishing, CD Baby Pro, okay? So this is very different from your performance rights royalty. Your performance rights royalty is for a performance of your song in a public setting, okay? Mechanical rights royalties are connected to the actual sales or streams of your music. Two different ways you're being paid, two different usages, okay? After that is digital performance royalties. Digital performance royalties is pretty much the same thing as ASCAP and BMI but on a digital scale. This means non-interactive digital plays like Pandora Radio, Beats One Radio. Anywhere where you're not selecting the song to play, non-interactive, that's where your digital performance royalties comes from and this gets paid out by Sound Exchange. They are designated by the government to collect these specific type of royalties on digital platforms, okay? So this is not necessarily normal Spotify streaming.  This payment comes from more so selecting Drake Station on Pandora, whoever gets paid there gets paid from that money, okay? Next, royalty is master recording royalty. Master recording royalty is the royalty that you receive directly from Spotify, Apple Music, when you distribute your music digitally through platforms like Tunecore, CD Baby and DistroKia, all right? Now, this master recording is designated to record labels and recording artists. Now, this is the first royalty I mentioned which is specifically for record labels and recording artists so you need to understand that when you are getting paid from DistroKit, Tunecore, I'm sorry, from DistroKit, Tunecore, CD Baby, that money that you're receiving is money for the master recording specifically for the recording artist. So, if you are the recording artist and you are your own label, you're receiving your just do, you're receiving that money but you are not receiving your money from mechanical royalties nor are you receiving your money from performance rights royalties unless you're actually registered with someone to take care of your mechanical royalties and the PRO to take care of your performance rights royalties and sound exchange to take care of your royalties on a digital level for non-interactive plays. That's all for songwriters. Now, if you write your songs, you need to make sure you're registered with someone to take care of all those royalties. Once again, all those royalties is something we should be looking to collect in the end, all right? Last royalty but not least royalty actually probably the most royalty in a sense because it'll be sync licensing royalty. This is where a lot of people are getting a lot of money especially nowadays. This is one of the things that I would definitely suggest people try and really get into sync licensing, getting your music on film and television. Reason being because the royalty gets paid out equally between the recording artist and the songwriter. So if you are the recording artist and the songwriter or just one or the other, you're standing to be paid nicely not only percentage-wise but just fee-wise. A lot of fees you can get up from like six figures for certain sync license opportunities depending on the song, depending on the campaign, depending, depending, depending. Now, don't have any specific companies that you should register with to get your sync licensing going but there is a link below that has a list of a ton of sync licensing companies y'all can look into do your research, make sure it's fitting for you. One thing you have to get into with this whole independent music thing is doing your research because honestly it's not handed to us. If you were signed with the publishing company they would take care of all the stuff for you but a lot of us are not and this is what we have to take care of on our own but just understand this is what's kind of going on behind the scenes that we aren't always privy to. So if you have any more questions about this I will be answering questions to help people have a better understanding of this kind of royalty wrap-up. Now didn't want this to necessarily be a class but I also wanted everybody to be able to follow whenever I touch on things that could be talking about receiving more money from your royalties or the platforms or any news that has to do with this. Beyond that be sure to share with a friend like to subscribe for more videos y'all. Once again my name is Tuko from MusicIDTV and this is Use The News. Sayonara.


Dobre, Gabrieli, začne, kako se zelo potrebe. Ok, zelo potrebe. Kaj je začnevo? Ok, začnevo. Znači, začnevo je, da tehnologije je tebe jezge na skorbu, grešu, in prihlicu na plače v izvastaj, ne odliščne, neč vsego, vsok vsošalje in ekonomi. Vse skorov in pokršenje tudi skorbe je skorodina. Tudi skorodina je začelovana technoločnja, o či je tačne kot, boo evacuation or ability. The World Web Consortium, as well as accessibility is. And that created dishes to these things. WWEis Web accessibility initiative, is a team that develops standard and support material for developers for implement pro garmenta akšesibiliti in theirarte basis. First work of the web accessibility initiatives, was the area attribute, complained of HTML attribute which counsel a way to make web content glow readable from the screen reader. Area attribute are divided in roles, properties, properties and states. WCG are a set of guidelines for making web content more accessible. WCG are divided in four layers. There are the principles. For every principle there are some guidelines. And for every guideline there are the success criteria and the sufficient advisory techniques. There are the four principles of content accessibility guidelines. The principles are percevable, operable, understandable, and robust. Let's see the guidelines for each other. For the percevable principle WCG defines a wide line for alternative for non-text content, alternative for live streaming, audio and video, for the content orientation and the independence from the platform. And wide lines about colors, audio control, contrast, and test sides. For the operable principle there are specifications about cable shortcuts, timing, time and content, for animation and color flashes, for navigability and for the input modalities. This is simple. The understandable principle has only three guidelines about readability, predictability, and input assistance. For the robust principle is one. One guideline about compatibility. Let's see some tricks for quickly refactor output bases. First rule, do you know the difference between these two structures? First rule is use semantic tags in HTML. Simple. Other tricks could be alternative text for images, alternative text for audio and video content, and cable navigation with roll and tab index attribute. If you want to improve your accessibility of your website, just use this tool that I show you. This is a platform of W3C that compiles for you accessibility reports and send via email. This is a checklist suitable for... We do the task for a good accessible application. This is a native tool for check the contrast of the page. This is another tool, but online, where you put your foreground color and your application background color, and you find for you every better contrast than yours with similar color. Dynamapper is another cloud service for web accessibility report, but it's pay. Wave is a free alternative to Dynamapper. Let's see wave is a very good tool. It shows a preview of the website with warnings where are things with problems. The website has a bit of a bit of a color contrast problem. Webinter is another tool for check the best practice on your application and also as the accessibility section. Webinter is also available as a web extension, so you can use... It's like Google Lighthouse, you know? Perfecto. And it compiles reports about accessibility. There are no issues. It's a black page with an image. There are no issues here. OK. For check your accessibility, you can use the tools of your browser. The tools for accessibility are included in Firefox and are available as an extension for Chrome. OK. This is a GitHub collection that collects every resource about web accessibility available on GitHub. OK. That was nice. Thank you for catching up. Do you have questions? We have time for questions. Question? Different? He wants the first slide or the second slide and then he asks questions about that. Can you explain what name rule value is? Name rule for the input control and for the HTML elements. OK. And input name. OK. It's not clear yet. Input name, input value. Other question? Hi. How much of these suggestions would be applicable to desktop applications, say written and queued? Would it be a good start or do you have other... For developer desktop application? Yes. I'm not a desktop application developer, but you can use the same guideline. Adaptate it, but WCAG could be the principle and the guidelines could be used also for desktop application. Hi. Thank you for your talk. My question would be like, you know, with developing, I'm working on a web-based application and what would be your suggestion for an automated way of checking accessibility when developing a web-based application? I know there are solutions. Automated? At the moment for React components, but just as a web application, I'm pretty sure there are some good tools for that. Thank you. Good question. I don't know if there are automatic tester, but I use an ESLint plugin that expressively for accessibility. And I use that so I can build accessible application in a built time. Accessibility-wise, what framework I don't know, either to, like React Angular or on the CSS side, which frameworks do you advise and accessibility-wise, which one are kind of more aware of this? Accessibility is not related to any framework. You can use the one you want. No, no, sure, sure, but sometimes a lot of frameworks provide a lot of widgets and components that they have accessibility issues. If I get a component with a lot of buttons. Yeah. So do you think in the scope of frameworks, which one is the one that is more accessibility aware, in the community? I don't know, but I use React for work and it does very good, it does no issues with accessibility. I use React and ESLint with the accessibility plugin. Could you give us an example of social and economic disabilities? People are illiterated. So they can't read on the text and can use the screen reader for understanding the content. I'm gonna step in, hi. I have a token accessibility later on, but more on the social part. And I would add that the criteria for this is that in many countries internet is extremely expensive. Like for 35 years you get around max one gigabyte and many will not be able to load your page. There is a really good talk by a friend of mine that I recommend.  Besides the price money wise, accessibility to a good connection is also limited in many countries. These two, like exactly how much internet costs outside, we are like in Europe, I'm saying outside Europe and maybe even USA, even if in USA you get max 10 gigabytes for 35 dollars, which for me is extremely expensive for what we paid here. And again accessibility to, access to a good connection where you can load stuff, not 2G or even less than that. Any other questions? Is there any way to measure if somebody is trying to use, let's say a screen reader on my site? For me as a developer to see that's actually like, if somebody is trying to do that. I don't know if there is a way but you have to implement accessibility. Before thinking of screen reader you have to implement an accessible code base and you don't have problem with screen reader. More questions? No, so thank you Gabrielle.