My name is Rafeo Arceo-Dierre Gomez. I am a Spanish family doctor and I am currently working in Suma 112, which is out of hospital emergency service. I believe that being a family doctor in Spain implies having a strong vocation, constant preparation, presability, flexibility and resilience, and of course kindness. Thank you very much.


Thank you Okay, so my my talk will be about Disordered systems of systems with quench disorder and so this is an ongoing work But this time we were interested so with Yvon Balog who is here and Mathieu Tissier in Paris we were interested by the dynamics in equilibrium meaning around equilibrium and the dynamics out of equilibrium of those systems Of course dynamics on large scales long times, so this is collective events and more specifically We want to focus on a class of systems Statistical physics condensed matter theory, so this is a broad spectrum of physical realizations that I will not detail For which the long-distance physics is dominated by Disorder disorder fluctuations rather than thermal fluctuations, and I will give some explanation for that so those systems are Models in a random field random field being random magnetic field For if it's a local magnetization, which is coupled to this field It could be a random chemical potential generally speaking It's a random source that is linearly coupled so to the local order parameter It could be also models O and models with a random anisotropy or it could be also a class of Interfaces so elastic manifolds In a random environment, so those are the systems we're interested in and The dominance of quench disorder means this that is when you consider equilibrium It means that the critical behavior is Controlled by a zero-temperature fixed point that is even if the critical behavior is at finite temperature. So this is for instance a Sketch of the phase diagram of a random field model above the The lower critical dimension, so we have temperature here You have disorder strength here, and this is the critical line separated paramagnetic from a ferromagnetic phase in magnetic language And then every point here except of course the pure is in case which is in here exactly zero disorder Every point here flows to zero temperature and finite disorder fixed point. So in that case Everything about criticality is terminated by the sample to sample the quench disorder fluctuations and In for such fixed points at zero temperature There's an additional exponent that controls how the temperature flows to zero So the renormalized temperature of course not the bare temperature But the renormalized temperature flows to zero to the fixed point and this gives an additional exponent that enters all sorts of Equalities between between critical exponents So this exponent theta is strictly positive, which means that indeed temperature is irrelevant now what is interesting for the dynamics is that The dynamics here I'm talking about equilibrium The dynamics the relaxation to equilibrium at finite temperature in in those cases That is around the critical point So the standard critical slowing down is in fact very different from usual So usually you have a power law relation between Time scale and length scale with the dynamical exponent z. Well here it turns out that just because The temperature is irrelevant. You have an exponential relation So I put the temperature here just for bookkeeping. It's not really Important an exponential relation between time the time for relaxing the system to equilibrium and the Length scale meaning that the relaxation to equilibrium is extremely slow so that's a special feature of that type of System which you know say sometimes it's sort of sort of glassy Dynamics now because it's so slow that means that there is also non-trivial physics at Very low temperature that is at very low temperature You can basically forget about relaxation to equilibrium and the only thing that you can still do Which is highly non-trivial in the presence of disorder is that you can drive your system, you know by applying An external field generally speaking an Force and then you drive your system out of equilibrium and this leads to in the case of Interfaces this leads to the physics of pinning of interfaces and depinning Transition and in the case more generally in the case of random fields random anisotropy You have a hysteresis phenomenon and out of equilibrium phase transitions. So this is general features of those models now Why do we need I will go pretty fast here because first I have only 20 minutes and I guess some of this we talked in in the past Why do we need? Non-perturbative functional renormalization group here So so the two terms in that case or I take them out as distinct Unless what we do generally in the field Well, the renormalization group in that case must be functional because if you think of the physics Which is related to the presence of all those impurities. Well, the physics is dominated by rare events rare Regents rare samples Which have the name at zero temperature of avalanches or shocks So these are collective events that take place at zero temperature and in real space at finite temperature you have low energy excitations that are Considered as or known as the droplets again That is something which is induced by the disorder and that you see in real space now. The problem is how to Keep the signature of those events in the renormalization group. You know, it's not easy To work directly with those objects because of course in the presence of random impurities quench disorder Well, you lose translational invariance. So that means that you know a generating functional here As a function of the source is a random object And of course, it's a whole mess if you try to renormalize a random object because you need to renormalize a Probability functional of the thing and that's so far basically impossible So what you do of course is that you can work with the cumulants of the random Functionals in general and those cumulants of course you can access In in a theory when you recover a translational invariance, so you're happy you're working with cumulants But the question is okay. I have cumulants, but then how it can I keep track of those events in real space that are pretty rare and The key point is that to describe this You need the dependence of the cumulants on their arguments because it's the singular Dependence of the cumulants on their arguments that capture the physics of those events So that means that to describe the physics you need to be functional Just to get that singular dependence and that signature of those rare events Now why do we need to be non-perturbative? Well first there is a general reason is that the standard perturbation theory just Breaks down completely and this is the problem that it will not address of the Dimensional reduction failure But more than that there is also this this point that for random fields and for random an isotropy models Well, you have a change of behavior So the physics drastically changes at a non-trivial Critical dimension and here for instance I plot a Phase diagram which would be for the random field on model So you have at the vertical axis is the number of components and from ising to large numbers And here it's the number of dimensions. So six is the upper critical dimensions Two is the lower critical dimensions for ising for the lower critical dimensions for for the Heisenberg and others And you see that there is a red line here, which goes down to about five point one for the ising case in terms of dimension That separates two different regions where the physics changes that is below here really you need the strong non-analyticity of the the Dependence the functional dependence of the cumulants you have a dominance of the avalanches You have dimensional reduction breakdown, and you have supersymmetry Breaking at the same time. So there is really a change of behavior and of course, it's a non-trivial dimension So there's no way even a very clever Protributive functional orgy will give you this directly Okay, so this is this is the motivation for using a non-pertributive functional orgy for those systems And from now on I will focus on the random field ising model. So the n n equals one version in a random field now The physics is that in and out of equilibrium. So consider here the system at zero temperature Okay, so this is the plane Fies the magnetization say and J is the the source the applied source and now you can consider The equilibrium problem So what you would do is just look at the ground state in it's at zero temperature and Look at you know What's the the behavior of the magnetization in the ground state and for that value of the disorder the magnetization? Which is the blue line has a discontinuous jump So there's a first-order transition We are then below the critical disorder and this is a first-order transition and the system has as the usual Z2 symmetry Now what you can also do? do is Consider the system at zero temperature, but now Drive it with the magnetic field So instead of waiting or trying to use tricks to equilibrate your system You say forget the equilibration. I drive the system by just ramping up for instance Here the magnetic field or if you wish now ramping down the magnetic field and following the magnetization Now, of course, I'm no longer in the ground state I will stay in metastable states some special metastable states of the system that are still locally stable But not the full ground state and I will have this hysteresis curve with an ascending branch When I ramp up the field and a descending branch when I ramp down the field And what happens is that if you if I do this very slowly so in a quasi static limit What happens is that there is also phase transition along the hysteresis branches So for instance at this disorder there is indeed a critical point here That will separate a region where the hysteresis is smooth with a region where it has also a jump a first order transition and as you see now the z2 symmetry is broken Locally because I'm in the field, but of course it is recovered On the other branch that is this branch has a symmetry compared to that branch So you have a critical point here, but you have also a critical point here But what we're interested in is say choose one of those branches and study the critical behavior of One of those branches, so this is something which is you know important for technology all those hysteresis and Business in disorder systems, but what is interesting here is that? it's a long there's been a long debate about what's the the nature of the critical point in and out of equilibrium and Simulations all sorts of clever simulations with pretty large system sizes Show that quite surprisingly When you look at the critical exponents and the scaling functions of the two systems the critical System out of equilibrium and a critical system in equilibrium You find you know very very close exponents and very very similar scaling functions and so the idea was that well maybe of course it's very different situations This one is out of equilibrium has no z2 symmetry Compared to the other one, but maybe they are controlled by the same fixed point And of course simulations will never answer this because you know, it's you would need a precision that is Enormous and even then we would not even possibly be convinced, but of course you can do an RG Calculation and see indeed if the two critical conditions flow toward the same fixed point Or if they flow to different fixed points and this is The main question that I will address today now There's also different effects of temperature in and out of equilibrium So as I said when you are around equilibrium you put a little bit of temperature and first the phase transition is not destroyed It's still there and you have this activated dynamic scaling with very slow relaxation When you put temperature Out of equilibrium on the hysteresis curve Well, of course in practice in an experiment you see nothing because as I said the time scale for relaxation is so large You see nothing But when you do statistical mechanics and you assume that you have an infinite time scale at your disposal to equilibrate or change Of course it changes everything. So if you want this Behavior out of equilibrium with phase transitions out of equilibrium It's the same for the pinning transition of interfaces is truly defined Rigorously only at zero temperature Okay, this is a problem of equilibrium versus metastability that is well known otherwise Now what's the model so we're looking at the dynamics of the random field ising model and Looking at you know long distance long time so we're using a field theoretical description And we're starting from a longevity equation where the field so the scalar field at Point x and time t obeyed the longevity equation Here where this is the force which is due to The standard for magnetic action for the standard 5-4 action for the pure system Then you have a term that does not depend on time, which is the random field and usually for simplicity take it as Gaussian With a variance here, which which gives the the bare strength of the disorder then you have an Applied source j of t and then you have thermal noise stochastic noise Which is also taken as usual as Gaussian with the variance which is given by the temperature Okay, so at zero temperature basically this term is not relevant Now j of t is is the applied source meaning that you have two settings You're looking at your system at equilibrium. Then of course the source is just constant It's what it is and actually to look at the phase transition you even Look at a source, which is equal to zero no source now for the quasi statically driven system at zero Temperature then your source actually is as I said slowly ramp up or down in time So the omega here the rate goes to zero, but it goes either and this is important It goes either to zero plus because you ramp up so even if your quest is static So it's almost a static calculation But you should keep track of the fact that you are going forward in a sense and You'll feel your magnetic field and your magnetizations are going up But you could also look at a different Case which is of course the descending branch and now omega would go to zero minus and in that case It would be the other way around the magnetic field Decreases albeit very slowly and the magnetizations also decreases So this is very important this sort of irreversible behavior that you have out of equilibrium, which is quite different from From equilibrium anyhow we induce we introduce copies replicas because This is something that we like to generate cumulants We use the Johnson the dominicis Martin CDRO's formalism to write this in terms of Generating functional with response field and what we get is a Dynamical action, okay, that has a term which is Independent of disorders the same that you would have for the dynamics of just the ising model or the 5-4 theory and a term Which is which is with two Carpese two cumulants a second cumulant which depends on the Bayer disorder you add an infrared regulator You do the usual trick you Fourier transform you get the scale dependent effective action You write down the exact equation that we all know here and and then we are in principle done except of course that we need an Approximation scheme and the approach approximation scheme here is derivative expansions so in gradients in time and in space, so this is again standard Has been done and we need also an expansion in cumulants as I said And so we need also to truncate in cumulants And so what we do is that at least for this model for other models who truncate at higher orders So you have a first cumulant with you see functions. So this this just local This is something that gives us the renomization of the wave function renomization a dynamical coefficient And what is important here is this second cumulant Renormalized cumulant of the random field that depends as you see on two arguments Again, you know we can use scaling dimensions and put all this in dimensionless forms and we get Then the flow equations that we have to look at and to solve The whole point which is which is central here in the dynamics is that Since we have at the fixed point at least A non-analytic a singular Action effective action. So remember the delta, which is the the second cumulant of the random field has a cusp When you go to the fixed point a cusp in the difference between the fields Okay, so when the two fields becomes equal there is a singular behavior So the function should be symmetric. It is symmetric, but it's now symmetric with a cusp Okay, and this is the singularity that keeps track of the avalanches in the problem When we are below that dimension five point one But the problem now is that the flow equations are ambiguous Because the flow equations need derivatives of this function Evaluated at the same for the same replicas and of course for the same replicas Well, it depends if you're on one side on the other So there is an ambiguity and that's a whole problem that is the same also in the case of interfaces in random environment for the Poturbative functional origin now The way to resolve this is that in equilibrium In fact as soon as you put a little bit of temperature in fact the cusp is rounded So the cusp here has a little rounding due to temperature of a width that goes to zero with temperature But it's rounded so basically it lifts the ambiguity So you can take derivatives and then you take the limit of temperature goes to zero It's not that easy. Okay, because it's it's a non-uniform convergence So you have to be careful But it lifts the ambiguity and indeed you go back to the zero temperature fixed point because again The temperature goes to zero and that's the way you get also activated dynamic scaling that I will not discuss now For hysteresis at t equals zero, so you cannot add temperature then there's no rounding So here you're in trouble But the way to solve this it's to remember that we had this infinitesimal rate of time for driving Which translates into an infinitesimal velocity for the change of the magnetization And again the fact that the system is irreversible That is when you drive up the magnetization goes up when you drive down the magnetization goes down Well, basically to make a very long story short I mean I must say that the first time we got we got it wrong, so it's not that easy But basically what what it does is that it selects one side or the other So even in the presence of a cusp the fact that you have this Irreversible behavior, you know with causality and everything makes that you can choose in Your flow equations Derivative on one side or the other and it's no longer ambiguous So you have flow equations now that you can solve non-ambiguous for equilibrium out of equilibrium and they are different and indeed what we find is That the fixed points are different In and out of equilibrium when you are below That special dimensions Where the cusp appears which is about 5.1 Now just to show you that they are different Let me just point this this function here that is the renormalization the wave function renormalization function as a function of the field So the red is in equilibrium So you see the nice Inversion symmetry the z2 symmetry as a function of the field for dimension 4.1 and the black one is the hysteresis Fixed point so you see they are clearly different the fixed points. It's no no way to to Confuse them on the other hand When you look here at the anomalous dimensions turns out there are two anomalous dimensions. Well the full lines are the our predictions for the equilibrium case and you see that the symbols here are our predictions So far we can't go much Down here. It's a kind of technical numerical bothering problem, but it's not nothing Fundamental you see that they are very very close. They are different though Okay, so there's a slight difference and when you see the exponent the other exponents. There's also a slight different those two so we have Basically, it's our answer We have different fixed points, but indeed for some reason The critical exponents look very similar Between equilibrium and out of equilibrium. So I guess this is this is the sort of answer that I guess you can reasonably have from that non-perturbative or G but that you couldn't have from any sort of Simulation because as you see the difference is so small and the simulation don't compute directly The the functions we're looking at anyhow. So those those are The conclusions let's say that to check this. So as you said the numbers are pretty good I didn't stress this for that model But we checked this on the other model of interfaces in the in a random environment where there are much more Many more data on that and again we get good results and good agreement with the existing data So we're pretty confident now on this result, but this you know There's still a way a long way to to go anyhow. So thank you for your


What's up everybody just here for jazzy's case breaks comm this sells out the break guys We're giving away the last eight spots in dynasty with this 2021 Bowman jumbo pack break Random teams number four and again guys first. We do the break randomize customer names and teams remember no paper ships We'll Distribute the hits out then at the end of the break will take all three customer names randomize them in the top eight Get a spot in dynasty. So I got that right there Do the break first if this is another nine. I'm gonna go buy a lottery ticket right now I've rolled like seven straight nines. All right, let's see if he's meant to be All right, there you go finally not a nine two and a five seven times one Two, maybe it's lucky number seven though three four five six seven Sean Ellery down to Sean Ellery seven times one two three four five six and Seven met down to the Cleveland Indians. All right. So stick to what you got guys I'll quickly alphabetize this but against quick little pack filler. Anyways, here we go Louisa Garcia rookie Doss John Delquist Herdomo Tucker Kavali there you go So there you go. There's that Nothing either we do pull autograph out of the last pack, so I don't know if I was expecting another autograph, but There we go. And let's give away the last eight spots roll A nine. Wow. I didn't say at this time and I rolled a nine again. It's at least like 10 times All right, four and a five nine times one two three four five six seven eight and Ninth and final time top eight or top eight. Yeah, top eight Yeah, top eight Steven Kendrick you are in Elliott you're in so men Sean Richard Sean and Sean and Daniel last spot mojo There you go nine times Top eight are in break it's coming up next guys. Good luck


Thank you, Adam. I actually wonder how many people here actually know what Roosevelt Island is. It's not nearly as popular as the Upper East Side. Really? Wow, that was way more hands. Geography nuts. This is crazy. So, good morning. I'm going to be talking to you about amber components and potentially singing, but I don't know how many of you have attempted to karaoke with me. Probably a lot of you, depending on if you lived in New York. So I'm gonna try to move this So before I get started, I am John Paul. I work at a company called Penton. If you all lived in New York, I would try to hire all of you. I might do it anyway. I run a meet-up in New York called NYC HTML5. If you lived in New York, I would make you all speak there. Be careful. I do a lot of this forcing of people to do things. I love JavaScript a lot. I have indiscretions and dalliances and other cool languages, but I always come back to JavaScript. I love being able to build things that my family can actually see in a browser and play around with. I, well, I was going to say, I just tweeted my slides. So, there we go. That's what I was, you know, it was originally delayed. I said, hold on, hold on, give me a second. It was to write that tweet. It was to compose that beautiful tweet that says, here are my slides. That's all it says, but that's what I was doing back there and I obviously messed that up. So, I want to talk to you about the evolution of my own path through the JavaScript library scene. I'm going to give you an arbitrary spectrum here. You can disagree or agree that this is a valid spectrum and there are many, many more of these in the world. This is just my own history from, you know, I don't know, I don't know whatever the species is of orangutan. Understandably, this is not how evolution works. So, give me the scientific pass up to Homo Brake Dancia or something like that. I started off years ago with a particular JavaScript library that I really, really enjoyed and I still do but I can't really tell a lot of people this without being a little awkward about it. I loved prototype. It taught me a few things. It taught me how to make sure that you use position absolute when you use slides so, you know, it matches up when you care about resolution. But I loved prototype. It gave me so much with respect to actually being able to understand how to do things in the DOM because at the time, not particularly a very well-taught programmer did not know all he should do or couldn't do prototype bashing over all of the built-in JavaScript objects to extend them. Wow, that's so cool. I can do so much. I was able to interact with the DOM, write animations. I still probably know the Scriptaculus. How many of you have ever used Scriptaculus? Okay, cool. I wonder what that percentage will go on in the next five or ten years. Scriptaculus is prototype JS's animation library. I still have that memorized more so than I know the jQuery animate, which is the easiest thing on the face of the earth. So I love prototype. Prototype was great. Eventually, something came along called jQuery. jQuery became ubiquitous. jQuery gave us all a very easy way to talk about the same kinds of APIs, the same kinds of interactions with the DOM. We all knew what $.aJAX was after a while. I'm actually sort of ashamed to admit this, but I at one time refused to rewrite my application in jQuery because I thought, no, no, no, prototype, it has it all. Why do you want to change this to something new no one's ever heard of before? Little did I know I was on the wrong bandwagon in 2007 and a half or 2008. I don't remember the exact year. Eventually, everything did get written into jQuery. And looking back, what happened to me was prototype was a way to communicate. jQuery was just a much better and more understood and more popular way to communicate about what you need to do in the DOM. But eventually, all these great things that I was able to do with jQuery that I could have figured out how to do in a cross browser way, or I could have used prototype to make me do the jQuery carousels out there and the grids and the galleries and all of these other things. jQuery gave me a lot. Initially, on my particular spectrum, on my particular evolution through JavaScript came along what we're all here and what we all probably understand a little bit because we're sitting in these chairs, backbone. So backbone for me gave me the ability to look at all of the pretty buggy attempts at organization in jQuery world that I made on my own because I've tried to make something like backbone collections. I've tried to make something like backbone models. I've tried to make something like modules of JavaScript files and all of these things on my own with lots of script tags that I eventually named to be things that try to make sense in my head. All of this was very difficult, very buggy, but I was able to pull it off to some extent. Backbone came in and wiped out that entire class of problems for me. It gave me organization where on my own I could probably do it but I could probably do it with a lot of bugs. So I was successful at that time. I learned backbone. I really actually enjoyed working with backbone, still use it in some places, but then years or so, maybe a year and a half later, it's hard because thinking about this, it seems like this whole thing is on the order of decades but with the speed of how fast the JavaScript community is going, this can be on the order of six months but it feels like we've been through long-term battles with these kinds of things. So backbone came along, solved whole class of problems with jQuery, gave me the ability to organize my thoughts in a way that was communicable to all my other team members, to all the people who are sitting here, but again, something else came along, the JavaScript landscape, that made me say, again, I've done all of these things with bugs because I tried to do it right. I want someone else to take care of those problems. Came along Angular. And at the time, again, I really liked Angular. Angular solved another different whole class of problems for me. It gave me the ability to map sub-views on a page at the same time, although their particular solution to this called ngView was not particularly easy. It gave me a much more robust system of managing routes and route handlers and history that backbone does, although it is pretty problematic. Eventually you introduce your own bugs because you're doing things you don't necessarily want to be doing. So Angular, again, came along, solved the whole class of problems, gave me primitives for things that backbone doesn't have at all, for example, two-way binding. Two-way binding is something you could do on your own with backbone on your own, with backbone and knockout, with backbone and everything else. But again, all of those integrations that I've had to do, I've done successfully, although, again, with bugs. I'm obviously showing a bent here in my particular opinion about how software that I enjoy developing happens to work. I like the opinionated. I like being told that crazy thing you did because you like to over-engineer things, John Paul. It was good. It was okay. You did it with bugs. Here, just give me... This is the solution for you. We'll fix all of these bugs for you.  But really, that shouldn't be your problem. So again, on my evolutionary chain, my current homo-break-dance-ia, pardon the name that I can come up with for this particular picture, came along Ember. So Ember, for me, again, did exactly the same thing as Angular for backbone and backbone for jQuery. It took away a huge swath of problems that I had with Angular applications and said, no, no, no, no, you don't have to write that anymore. Here, I will give you a primitive for it. And I don't expect that this is necessarily the last step along this particular evolution. I don't know where we will end up one day. But right now, Ember has solved for me many of these problems because it gives me primitives for really, really complicated things. It's given me, most importantly, primitives for being able to understand how a particular route, a particular URL that comes through in the browser, needs to somehow make up a page with lots of different sub-views, all of which data needs to be managed in one place because the amount of times, both in Angular and in backbone, I have tried to make large applications where you look at a page and you need 15 different models, all of this is managed by primitives in Ember. And that really, really helps me. One day, maybe this will be React, maybe this will be something else, maybe this will be some fancy vegetable like broccoli or cauliflower that everyone thinks are really cool right now. So I don't know what it will be, but right now, for me, I love Ember. Ember makes my brain happy to be able to actually be writing code in this. So I want to show you a typical example.  This is like nine times my height. This is great. So I have an example for you. This is the typical example of Ember and Angular and Knockout and lots and lots of different things, and this is what it shows you. Am I zooming in? Yes, okay. I have a text box. I have some text displayed. I'm now going to type into this text box. Whoa! I brought you all mana from heaven right there. Whoa, two-way buy. This is everyone's demo, and it's everywhere. And realistically, it's very cool. I will admit it is very cool, but it is the least of the interesting things that you can do with any framework on Earth. But look at the updates. That's so cool. So it is pretty cool. Look at how much HTML this takes and how much a JavaScript is interesting. So Ember uses Handlebars. It's a templating library that spits out HTML eventually. And for all of this demo, I didn't actually need to write a single line of JavaScript. That'll be a trend I'd like you to think about as we go through this talk. All I had to do was write these particular special things called Handlebars things. And with these two pieces of Handlebars that look sort of like HTML, sort of not, and don't you love that beautiful BR? Man, I have to admit, I used the BR and position absolute in this talk. That's horrible. Why do you deal with me? I'm sorry. So this is the typical example, but this is not the interesting one. So here is... Yes. So this is... And in case you do have Wi-Fi, by the way, you can follow along these slides because I tweeted them. The interactive examples do work. So this is a picture... There's a great blog post by Thoughtbot that describes all of the primitives of Ember to you within the context of Rails. So this is just a particular image from that blog post. If you view the source of this, you can click on it. What this is describing for you is the primitives that Ember gives you that other frameworks either do or give you in a different way or don't give you at all. So in this case, there is a browser, which of course all of these frameworks happen to have because there's no choice about it. The browser visits a URL. That URL in Ember jargon produces something using their routing system called a route. A route happens to know because of the API it gives you and the code you write how to load a model or set of models for a particular route to say, when you go to slash user slash one, I need the profile info and the email preferences and the whatever else happens to be on that page. That model knows what controller it needs to load for that page and sets the data in the right places. And that controller then sets state on a template. So this is the, and the template is actually what's displayed to you within the browser for a user to actually see. Many of these primitives map somewhat to something within the backbone world. So the route, there is actually a router within backbone. It does some very different things. The router and the controller are sort of the same thing depending on how pedantically you want to think about what MVC is. The model backbone itself has a model system and collection system. But the one key thing that's very different from this picture, than anything that you can draw with backbone by itself, although there are many frameworks on top of backbone that we will hear about during this conference, that change that is the template layer. So the template layer in Ember is unbelievably powerful for what it is. Because it does the one thing that it's pretty difficult to pull off by mixing and matching outside of backbone. You can take your own, you can write your own template layer and everything like that. But what it is here completely built separately is does not nearly match the power of what Ember templates allow you to do within the Ember system. And one of those very powerful things to get to probably the closest to a big data-like conversation, because this is the best buzzword I can use for my particular industry, is web components. So web components is a group of specifications that are going to be started. Many browsers have already implemented this. You can take a look at HTML5 rocks as well as many. You can Google around for web components. There's a lot of very interesting things out there. What web components will allow us to do, and in some cases already do, is create your own reusable widgets. They are ways to, outside of Ember or backbone or anything, they are ways to encapsulate HTML, CSS, and JavaScript that are completely given to you by the browsers itself. It's a web standard specification that eventually we will all have the ability to use in all of the different browsers. That's not something that we necessarily have right now, but we're getting there, and Ember allows us to get pretty close. Web components consist of four different sub specifications. One of them is custom elements. One of them is templates, which is key to this. One of them is HTML imports, and one is Shadow DOM. Tomorrow there is a talk about web components. I really encourage you to single track conference so you really have no choice, but you will learn a lot more tomorrow when you actually go through this, especially as to how it works with backbone, which I'm very interested in because I do not know. Web components are made up of these four pieces. Custom elements and templates are things you can probably map into your head as to what they mean, even if you've never heard of this stuff before. HTML imports and Shadow DOM are a little bit more complicated, a little bit more interesting, depending on how much of this you know, but what Ember allows you to do is take two of these, the more important two, in my opinion, and it lets them roll your own. So you can roll your own using Ember right now, and the reason this slide is here is half because I'm going to be letting you all out to lunch, so I hope you're starting the palette. I hope that this slide is coming, because it's all there. But you get to using Ember. You can roll your own web components, at least pretty close. What Ember components give you, that Ember components also give you, are custom elements and templates. Using Ember components, which is one of the systems within the template piece that I showed earlier, you can define your own, what looks like handlebars templates, that happen to have a lot of that encapsulation of actual functionality within them, and you can write little pieces of HTML that you want to be usable in other places, in your application. So Ember components are handlebars, how many of you have used handlebars or mustache or anything like that? Okay, that's pretty much everyone. Handlebars are partials with a lot of extra power. What's interesting here is that handlebars' partials, by themselves, don't actually include any JavaScript, which is great, and we'll get to that a little later. So they are reusable pieces of, in this particular case, handlebars, not HTML, like web components will be, but handlebars and HTML are pretty analogous. It is completely reusable. Each of these particular pieces of template only know what's passed into them, like a handlebars partial is, that many of you have probably used. Ember components have a very specific and well-defined interface. So compared to other mechanisms to do very similar things in, for example, Angular, the Ember component system is very, very restricted and says you're only allowed to use these particular properties that you have access to, and I'll show you that in a second. So what is a partial? A partial, I think, most of you raised your hand for this, particularly so worried. A partial is in every templating language known to man, ERB, JSP, PHP, the language itself, has some ability to say, I am way too lazy to copy and paste. And I don't want to do this copy and pasting thing, because control V, it's just too complicated. Let me give me some way to have a file somewhere else and basically do the copy and pasting for me. This is an example sitting in the Ember docs where you can take a partial, you're using this particular syntax here, you can copy paste whatever is in this other template. The Ember convention is to name templates with underscore, you don't have to actually worry about that, and it will be copied and pasted here. This is the most simple case of a partial, it just lets you copy paste one piece of template into another. So this is an example of something called a component. A component here happens to be within Ember, just a handlebars template that happens to have the name component slash in the name. What this does, when I currently, I'm showing some code that iterates through some blog posts, it actually invokes that very similar thing to handlebars partial called an Ember component. And here I have some HTML that displays my lower mipsum and the word blog post. So here, writing absolutely no JavaScript, I have something called an Ember component that doesn't seem particularly special yet, that using these two templates sitting in HTML, I can generate multiple pieces of the same HTML. So this is just like that copy pasting use case, because we are lazy. But handlebars partials don't have a lot of the power when it comes to what can actually happen when you invoke them. And what that means is a handlebars partial, sorry, an Ember component has the ability to within it pass specific parameters, just like how a web component will be able to do at that time. It will be able to say, here is my own custom image tag, here is the source for it. So go download those bytes of data or something like that. Here, this particular handlebars component called blog post can have a title. That title can be updated just as magically and Boston is cold. So all of this just works. I have the ability to within this what's called a component template, update my own HTML, have this particular yield keyword, gives the power to add things inside of your handlebars component. And all of this I can keep updated across all of the different blog posts that I might have just by using this one piece of HTML and invoking it using this syntax. All of this I have with absolutely no JavaScript written. The existence of this particular script tag sitting there somewhere in the Ember ecosystem triggers to Ember saying, we have this thing that's called a component. It means that he wants to reuse it across multiple places. I will set up this special scope for it and Ember gives you the ability to actually call it in different places. All of this happens and all of this updating happens with absolutely no JavaScript code at all. So I've not really shown you that many interesting things so far. You can figure out how to do this. You can figure out how to make the way to copy and paste templates in Backbone or Angular anywhere else. It's not particularly that complicated. But there was a time in which I felt that's pretty much all this is good for. But there's one particular case that I was completely enamored with that completely changed my opinion of how I can use Ember to help my life. Also, this is obligatory animated GIF. I have to have one. This is what got me hooked. I don't know how many of you are in this category, but pretty much every job I have ever had at some point I have had to do this. What I'm going to call this is something called dependent select fields. Copyright pending. So be careful if you use this. I have lawyers. It is a way to express when I change the value of one select box you have different values in the other select box. And I meant to go look up the provinces. I'm sorry. I'm closer to Canada now than New York, so I feel bad for this. But I don't know anymore. So every single... I've had to make this thing over the course of my career, at least 100 times. Users and roles or industry and job function. I always have to make this exact same thing. And I've done it in jQuery. I've done it in Backbone. Very similar to jQuery. I've done this in Angular. And every time I've had to redo this, and it's very, very similar because it's exactly one select box that has particular options and values, and it's a very, very well-defined thing. But it doesn't happen to be something that's as popular to take out of the boxes as a jQuery plugin, or like Bootstrap doesn't have something like this sitting there. So what Ember allows you to do is create something that is completely reusable that I've here called dependent select fields, trademark, where I can specify using this data structure that I have defined here called country options. And once I've specified that, I can use this particular interface, this component, that's what this is, and this does have a few lines of JavaScript with it as well, but it is mostly the template that is shown below. Using this particular piece of reusable public API, I can have 150 different dependent select fields in my application. It doesn't actually matter. I can use this wherever I want to. I don't have to change anything. I can style this however I want to. Customizations are not necessary on a per instance basis. And I just wrote this once and was able to use this everywhere. This is as close as I've ever felt to the goals of what web components will be that you'll learn a lot more about tomorrow. This is, for me, the most exciting thing about this. I was able to write something just like a function in terms of reusability in JavaScript. We're all looking to extract wherever we can. Don't repeat yourself. This is the perfect don't repeat yourself moment. And this particular piece of all of what Ember components are got me really interested in seeing where else I can find these things. Where can I decompose my current crazy pieces of HTML and CSS and my position absolutes and all these other bad things into well-defined pieces that I can put in multiple places in my applications? This is just one example of many. This happens to be one you can't use because of legal issues, but there are going to be a few more. Another one of these is called Ember tabs. I did not make this. Ryan Florence happened to make this. I made a bit.ly URL out of it though because that's the cool thing to do when you see something cool. Ember allows you to make something that's very similar to Bootstrap tabs here with, again, a very well-defined public interface. You could do this with something like Bootstrap. With Bootstrap, you would have to remember that you need to use divs here and divs there and you need to remember to use these classes at these times for if it is active or not active and all of this. You can use Ember. You can create a DSL that's very similar to that that is much more expressive because it doesn't depend on what classes you have or anything about your CSS. You can do anything that you want in there. It's a much nicer way of expressing what Bootstrap tries to do or what jQuery plugins try to do without all of the cruft of having to understand every piece of what's in your actual resultant HTML. So here's another one of these where I get to bring up the ooh-ah piece again, but all of this in terms of HTML is right here. Very similar to the blog post example. I have one piece of handlebars template called a component, one piece of handlebars template where I use that component called ColorBox. So now I'm going to do my third or fourth horrible thing that you should never actually do in production code, and I'm going to change the presentation based on JavaScript. So here I'm removing a comment, and now I have the ability to, in about three lines, three total lines, maybe. The spacing here makes this hard to count so I don't know how pedantic to be, but I can very easily just change all of this to green or yellow or do I know not primary colors? That's fuchsia. I cannot spell fuchsia. That's not right. Okay, well, there is a color called fuchsia, and I promise you all it would work. I promise you. Okay. Magenta. That's fine. It's fine. You believe me. Just believe me. Okay. Thank you. Okay. So this is just, I'm wary of this because I didn't actually set a timer in the beginning, but I think I'm okay. So I've shown you a few examples. Some of them are really boring. Some of them are so cool, like that color box thing. You're going to tell all your friends. I have, so this was maybe about a year ago when I thought this was all really interesting and totally going to change my life. I made a component list. Eric Berry, who's a great, great guy in the Ember community, he also made a component list. And I was hoping like one day there'll be more and more component lists. So here's some component lists, but so how many of you have ever used JSP tag libraries? Okay. I saw someone with a very happy face when they said that, but most do not have happy faces when they think about that. So I was at one time a Java person. You can take for that what you will. And I enjoyed actually in some senses using something in the Java world called tag libraries, which is a way to, using their dependency management system just download the ability to add new tags. And a very similar way to what web components will be except based completely on Java and Java serverless and things like that. So about somewhere around a year ago I actually said at the Ember conference that I hope one day that there will be sort of this equivalent for the Ember community. Because I can go to one of these lists and you can go to one of these lists and you can go through and you can say you love color box and you can copy and paste this thing into your application. And you can go then, you can copy and paste all of this into your application. And that's great. And that works. You get to use my code and it is, don't worry, this will be liberally licensed, not like the name. And you'll be able to use that code and it will be great. But then eventually I'll update it and I'll fix something. And how are you going to do this? You're going to copy and paste it back into your application? This is sort of what we're used to in some senses because at least in terms of script tags with as much dependency management as the Rails Asset Pipeline or something like that will give you, we're used to things like this. But I was really looking for that JSP tag library ideal which allows you to just say like, install this. Because I really, really love things that are completely out of the box. And for me, not only is this my obligatory catgif of the presentation, but it really makes me feel like I live in this ecosystem which again brings me back to what I was talking about earlier. I like systems that give you everything A to Z, tell me exactly what to do. And now, about a year after I originally thought about that and didn't actually do anything about it by the way, so I had to take no credit for this whatsoever. There exists something called Ember CLI. So Ember CLI happens to be the Rails command line tool equivalent for what is in, what happens within the beginning to the end from creation of a project all the way through production of an Ember application. So there are some things like this in Backbone world.  This one is the canonical one for Ember that allows you to do many, many things like generate a template just by the command line. It'll do code generation for you. It will package up all of your code and using the new ECMAScript 6 module system but it will compile all of that to one bundle that you can actually deploy to production. It does a lot of things which you might or might not like as you know I do but it has one particular feature that's really great which is the ability to distribute using NPM Ember components. So there's actually a whole website here that you can go through and look and see it's called Ember add-ons. Using the Ember CLI system that happens to be the way you're developing an Ember application you can just install some of these things. So not only can we get away with a lot of these examples without any JavaScript at all now we're even more out of the box and saying you can get away with some of these things by just typing a command at your command line and it just appears. So if you wanted my dependent select fields and you paid me the right fees for it you could one day have this yourself. So an example of this and some things that I've done again on my own with bugs I get to say I get to take off the shelf from other people that have made similar things. This is an example called Ember YouTube. So YouTube has an iframe API it allows you to using an iframe and particular parameters on that iframe you can say I wanted with the play button I want to do I want to allow this and not allow that and copy paste the URL with the time in it YouTube has lots of different options. All of these things I don't want to actually learn. So what can I do if I want this in my Ember application I could go learn that YouTube API and I could actually type the YouTube API into a template somewhere in my files or I could let an Ember component take care of a lot of that for me and give me a very small well-defined interface this is about six things that aren't debugging and I can do that now using npm. So with this if you're using Ember CLI which is this tool that does a lot for you you can npm install Ember YouTube and suddenly wherever you use in your application it knows what this component is called Ember YouTube just like how I use dependent select fields earlier or color box or blog post from earlier examples your application just knows you don't have to go wire that up in a script tag you don't have to go find anywhere else where this should be going you npm install it you run your application and if you have this code there it'll spit out the iframe this is one of the amazing ideals of all of this similarly and I know this is going to extremely impact all of our lives on a daily basis because I'm sure you've all implemented infinite scroll a dozen times at least I hope so maybe that's going away you can just npm install infinite scroll it gives you some view that you can put somewhere that has a particular well-defined interface that says you have to have a has more property you have to have a model that's an array that's a list of things and you have to implement this in this particular way but if you do infinite scroll is out of the box never have to deal with how far have you scrolled from the document viewport top again that's something that annoys you it annoys the hell out of me because I've done it a thousand times so we have sort of we have gone from I have at least from the days of prototype gone all the way through from every possible thing is roll my own to wow I've rolled a lot of really bad things to I'm going to roll a little bit less on my own now oh man I did it again I rolled really bad things and this is going to keep happening this might happen again and I hope this keeps happening because one day we always we're always striving to get to the ideal tools and whether or not we get there this is very shoot for the stars and hit the clouds kind of thing I'm feeling really good about all of this so Ember components have some great features and all of them allow me to do my job much easier on a daily daily basis so they so I know this animated GIF thing is sort of my thing right now but this creepy heart GIF really shows to all of you how I feel about all of this this is the creepiest heart GIF I could ever find on the internet again freely licensed publicly so the so Ember components give me all of these things often times with little or no JavaScript at all just because of how well this API was put together to address all of my use cases I really want all of you so whether or not you know Ember very well or not Ember components is probably one of the smallest and easiest bites to chew with respect to learning it because you don't even have to know the JavaScript API at all to be able to start playing around with it I want all of you to be thinking about maybe go try a demo with this see what Ember is like there are lots of actually integrations out there with backbone and Ember some of them are more difficult to wrap your head around than others but this kind of development whether or not you're using Ember but thinking about how all of the bugs you might have might not be bugs you need to have anymore is a very very useful thing to think about as an engineer on a daily basis and for me every time I achieve one more rung on that ladder I get really excited about it so I can't wait till next year when I come back to this or other conferences and see how much more we have progressed as a community we're already having web components web components are already implemented to some extent and some browsers we continually get better we continually make our lives easier and we continually make our users experiences better and I love all of that we're just all along for the ride so thank you so much Adam Backboneconf appreciate it Boku thanks a lot


Hello guys, welcome to the only rock show in Eastern Central Africa, right here on Y254 TV. Well, my name is Filina, but you can call me Goddess. That is just an aka, but find me on social media platforms at FilinaJune. The hashtag to get on is rock tour 254. And as usual, I do not do the show alone. I have a very able, a very talented, the rock activist himself. You're supposed to say your name. By all means, himself or the venue? Himself. Oh, come on, introduce yourself. I'm not used to these things, I mean. Right, so talk to the guys at home. What's up, what's up guys, how you doing? Karibusana, Karibusana, I think and I'm feeling really going to have a lot of music going on. Yeah. I'm going to play everything. Mm-hmm. I feel like we're going to have a turned up show. Yeah, yeah. Definitely, definitely. So, today, so you're looking for a show that is Batman. Yes, DC, I don't have a favorite. I'm DC and Marvel. So today, my friends and I are going to, we finally got into the pressure. So yes, we're going to watch the Avengers Endgame today. Okay. And the thing is, so I'm going to go watch a Marvel movie with a DC T-shirt. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Tell me about it. No comment. No comment. Yep. Lips are sealed. No, I just, I just want to see like, because we're going to talk about issues. I want to see what they're going to say. I did this on purpose. Yeah, it's time. It's time.   Yeah, but how have you been? How was your week? Week, not bad. Mm-hmm. Yeah, just there, at Missouri. Cut, cut it too. Not bad, not so good. But I can say it's really bad. It's cool. Keeps up going to school. Yeah. Yeah. It's really, really, really, really great. Mm-hmm. Yeah, so many things, awesome things happening. And yeah, I liked it. I've had fun from then. Cool. Yeah, oh yeah. It's been amazing. Good, good, good. Nice. Keeps up module. Today you said you're playing a little bit of everything. Everything. So shout out. Everything. You need to come through. You'll be searching guys out. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Say for one metal, if you want some gospel rock, if you want pop. Yeah. Even pop. You're playing pop? Even pop. I'm playing everything. Everything. He's shocked even seeing some Hillsong to put up on that knee. Awesome. I would love that. I love Hillsong. I love Hillsong. And by the way, people don't even know Hillsong is a rock. Yeah, it's a genre. Yeah. Hillsong, well, it's a gospel rock band. If people don't know that, they just say, what a beautiful thing. And then it's rock music. The arrangement to them, to their music.  To Hillsong every day. Oh, okay. Yeah, that's right. But we're going to have an amazing show, guys. Welcome aboard. If it's your first time, this is the only show in Central Africa that plays you rock music and on TV. And we have two hours to do just that. That's right. Yeah, so you can find us on social media. That's on Facebook and Twitter. Okay, just Facebook and Twitter for now. That's at rock tour 254. Yes, we started our page. It's very new. So go like our page. Yeah, rock tour 254. That's on Facebook. Rock tour 254 on Twitter as well. We have posts. So go like them. Comment below. Let us know what the DJ can play for you. And he'll be doing just that. And of course, you can tag at white tour 254 channel at Phelin June and at Hugh skills. That's on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Phelin June on Facebook. Phelin June on Twitter. Phelin June on Instagram. And Phelin June on YouTube as well. Just everywhere. Even Snapchat, Kila Mahali. Very soon I'll be joining YouTube. Yeah, you should do that. I have a page, but it's not for rock tour. I think I'll be opening a rock page or whatever. Yes, let's do that. Anything you want to do, brother, is the time. But I think we should do rock tour first. Yeah, yeah, but rock tour first. Alright, so talk to us. But before we go, we have to tell you our topic of discussion. So for some reason, Hugh skills decided we should talk about who do my number. And I want him to school us. Tell us what it has created a lot of fuss. Because at some time, like I think it was a week or two weeks ago, this guy who threw an MP, a prominent guy, I think he's an MP. He threatened, Kenyans, if you don't register for Hugh do my number, you will be switched off. No, from the minister of security, from Mr Machang himself. No, but the responses were so funny. Kenyans never take things seriously. Guys were like, yeah, I switched them off. Of course, I didn't have a child. I didn't have a child. I didn't have a man. So if you switch it off, I don't call men side. They are sitting here. You guys were not even threatened at all. They are like switched off. Switched off. Switched off. We really don't care. But I want to get, you know, I've been really, really, I know who do my number. Like it's going to be super helpful. Like all your details will be in one place. Yeah, it's like a one-stop detail for us. One-stop report. It's just a number whereby when you click it along, you click it anywhere. It gives all your details. All your details. But my problem is, well, that is, at least that's where that is as far as it goes to my own understanding. So I want you to expound on it. Tell the guys who are yet to take who do my number. Why they should? You should because as in imagine, imagine going around like, let's say for, maybe a traveling. You have to carry a passport. You have to carry your ID. You have to carry your other name. Your DL if you are driving. You have to carry your birth certificate sometimes, you know, and then there's your medical report for those papers you have to have them. Imagine now, you just have a number, everything. Right. One of the people who are giving false information because I have not, well, I'm here to register. Before it's before. Actually they have like half your info because they have your ID. I know. But the thing is, how about this before? Because there's a place, your spouses, you're given up to five, four options, yeah? So, and then there's kids. What if people are feeling in the wrong information? Then what happens? How can you say you have different spouses? And if married them at the age, and there's this certification. Like, see, not everybody is married by waiting, but you're still married. You go to the AG. One of them, you are the only one. You come to America. Me, me, you make a marriage. We are America. We're the wife, we're the wife, we're the wife. I'm aware of it. We claim you are not cast. How does that even know? That is claiming. That is not being a wife.  So they have the marriage certificate. But people are going to register. They're not carrying those things. No, no, you just go with the ID. They'll get it. You tell them sour, they'll go to, they take that initiative. They're digital. They link up with the AGs on the street. They check out and say, okay, this guy is married to this person. They load it up. Even the number of children, some of them say you're from America. She's still here, America. Who live here? There's a guy, there's a chick who I know. I used to know back in the day, like two, three years ago. So this chick, she has a kid, and the kid has like four dads. Like, she had like... Really? I'm serious. So you know you're the father. He knows he's the father. He knows he's the father. You know my father. So everybody pays rent, everybody pays school fees. So when you're registering, you, as Hue Skills, you've registered that kid. And four other guys have registered that kid. So what happened? That's why the guys don't want this. Because it will be seen, and it's a crime, you know. It's a big crime to give false information to the government. But then you don't know it's a false information. You know that's your kid. The people will say, ma, now you'll be told, hey, where? He, but certificate. You may not know who you are. If you say you have two eyes, what is your marriage certificate? Well, most people don't even get married. They just stay, and then it becomes a marriage. But now, nothing's going to get tricky. So you better go, when you're signing up and say, I'm single. I'm going to be tricky. Well, I'm going to do something like this.  Like the last moment, the last minute, when it's like, the deadline is tomorrow, the deadline is tomorrow. I'm not going to do anything. That's what I'm going in. Maybe, just maybe, there might be a big punishment. I don't think that's going to be it. They might think punishment. Some allowances them to cut up on my person, and then they could delay. So, take your number. You take that number. And then there's also another funny notion, it's G666. My friend, my friend. These are parts where people are going around. Okay, so these are the end times. That is the number. Don't be foolish. The devil never tricks anybody. You could buy it funny than me. Yes.  You're given a choice. Whether it goes with the revelations, you will be asked if you're taking that number or not. If you're taking it, it has consequences. If you're not, it has consequences. It hasn't started now. Please read your Bible as well, and ask the Holy Spirit to guide you. The G666 is a beast. It's a beast, yeah? So you say it's a beast in the Bible, what do you say? You just say, if they read the Bible, it's a beast. Like they say it's a beast. My fellow workers, let's understand this stuff. If you're a faithful, understand this stuff. If you're not a faithful, understand this stuff. You remember the one Obama came in Kenya with? Now that is a beast. It's a beast, yeah, that's it.  We're just kidding, guys. So what you do is head over to our social media, handle us and tell us, do you have who do my number? Do you believe it's evil? Are you going to register for who do my number? If you don't have it, why? Why aren't you signing up? And if you have it, why did you decide to get it? Is it because the government said so? Talk to us at Filling June, at Hew Skills, at Y254 Channel, at Rock 254. Y254. That is on Facebook, that's on Twitter as well. And the hashtag, as always, Rock 254. Now we're going to take a very short musical break and we'll be right back. So stay with us.


Yeah, a couple things that the the first one is the Concept that is behind that is very aligned to what we are looking in the in action, which is the open source We are very tied to open source everything that we have been doing this open source and in having the support of Dinos Foundation Hyperledger Foundation. It's actually a very very aligned with what we're looking for and we have been like trying to We'll participate in this kind of events, but also to expand our participation and integrate firefly and some other Functionality that we can take advantage of or put in a to service to our governments. So That's one of the things the other thing is is actually The possibility to create a public permissioned network, which is actually what we have been doing Through latching, you know, we found out that our model is actually deployed


Hey, how's it going? In this video, I'm going to show you how to set up your business manager, Facebook business manager, be it you are running any type of business, e-commerce, lead generation, app installs. Just take these principles and then put it into your business manager so that in terms of organization stuff, you can save a ton of time as well as you can really make your data decisions, scaling, testing very, very easily so that you're able to actually set up your stuff very easy and anybody who comes into the business manager, for example, if you need to hire someone and then they take over and then they understand exactly what the heck is happening by just clicking around a bit. So organization is very important. Let me just get right into it and let me just show you as well. So if you see here, this is just one of the ad accounts, for example, how I do it is, so for example, this one is an e-commerce account. So just keep that in mind. So if I scroll to the right here, can you see how my columns are actually being scheduled and stuff? So I always start on the right hand side is always the most bottom of the funnel metrics. So it will be my purchase rows and the website purchase rows. Then afterwards, going to the top of the funnel to call traffic wise, I'm going from purchase to check out the website, check out at the cards, at the cards and then content view, content view. The reason why is that is so is because I want to see from a pure perspective, if I can just scroll the data all the way to the left and the right, I can see at one glance how much the drop off is at each stage of the funnel and to be fair, Facebook's conversion or like the attribution wise is not very accurate, but at least I can see some sort of data come through. So if I see something is like, if I, for example, here, there's no purchase coming in, no data coming in at the moment, no ad cards and whatever, then I can make a decision on whether I want to kill or scale. So this one, for example, this campaign right here, there is no checkout by this ad card. So this tells me that there's something going on here and probably I just need to drag it out a lot more and spend a bit more money here just to test. So as I scroll to the left, it's more top of the funnel stuff. So everything from link clicks. I like to also choose cost per unique link click and like the cost per click, cost per link click doesn't matter to me at all. What matters is how much I'm paying to get the cost per unique link click. And then obviously, there are minor issues as well, minor other metrics such as conversion rate ranking, engagement rate, rate ranking as well as quality ranking. So these things, even though I put it in, like sometimes I don't even use them. Okay. So and the reason why is because like, if there's purchase, right, I couldn't care less. I don't care about the ranking if there's purchase at this point in time, right? So it just is all about top of the funnel, all the way to the right to the bottom of the funnel. And this is the only metric I see at the end of the day. Okay. So in this case, in this situation here, like even though, for example, here the cost per cost per unique link click is very high, right? But if I scroll to the right and see what's happening, okay, that's one purchase. Okay. So let's let's see and write it out as it's still in the testing phase. Right. So that's how I look at numbers. And you kind of make your decision from there. Okay. And obviously cost per result is super important. Okay. Yeah. So you can see like really, really simple stuff, right? Like if I go to a lead generation, for example, okay, so for example, if I go to a lead generation account lead generation campaign, you just want to use the same principles that I've talked about just now. Okay. So everything from on the left hand side, it should be top of the funnel metrics. And then to the right is all a bottom of the funnel metrics. Okay. So if I go into my this one, can you see here, I'm using a custom conversion at cost cost per unique link click and then cost per landed on optin page. So this is my outbound, right? My cost per link click and then cost per landed on optin page. So this one is my like view content, basically my view content on my optin. And then obviously this is my cost per per lead cost per lead. And this is cost per application call and cost per result. Okay. So like at one glance I can see you can see, okay, see 623. Okay. Can you see how like Facebook sometimes attributions a bit off? So that's why you got to keep that in mind. Okay. So for example, 672 a lead optin. So I see is around what a 30% optin rate something like that. All right. Then afterwards 77 to 249 is probably a less than 30% optin rate from each step. And then 77 to 24 is there. Okay. So this is why it's really important to be organized, right? Organized in your metrics and seeing your data so that at one glance you can see what to do and what to do next. Right. Cause the more time you're spending in business manager, the less time you're spending on improving the creative and stuff. Okay. That's pretty much it. This is one of the questions that someone has asked me. If you have any questions, please put them down in the comment section below. And then I will just definitely take your advice and stuff. And now just create a video around there as well. Okay. So that's pretty much it. And let me know how it goes. Okay.