This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. This reading by Kara Schellenberg, www.kray.org. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman. Book 21. Drum Taps. Part 2. An Army Core on the March. With its cloud of skirmishers in advance, with now the sound of a single shot snapping like a whip, and now an irregular volley, the swarming ranks press on and on, the dense brigades press on, glittering dimly, toiling under the sun, the dust-covered men in columns rise and fall to the undulations of the ground. With artillery interspersed, the wheels rumble, the horses sweat, as the Army Core advances. By the LibriVox fitful flame, by the LibriVox fitful flame, a procession winding around me, solemn and sweet and slow, but first I note the tents of the sleeping army, the fields and woods dim outline, the darkness lit by spots of kindled fire, the silence, like a phantom far or near an occasional figure moving, the shrubs and trees, as I lift my eyes they seem to be stealthily watching me, while wind and procession thoughts, oh tender and wondrous thoughts, of life and death, of home and the past and loved, of those that are far away, a solemn and slow procession there, as I sit on the ground, by the LibriVox fitful flame. Come up from the fields, Father. Come up from the fields, Father, here is a letter from our peat, and come to the front door, Mother, here is a letter from thy dear son. Low to his autumn. Low where the trees, deeper green, yellower and redder, cool and sweet in Ohio's villages with leaves fluttering in the moderate wind, where apples ripe in the orchards hang and grapes on the trellised vines. Smell you the smell of the grapes on the vines? Smell you the buckwheat, where the bees were lately buzzing? Of all, low the sky so calm, so transparent after the rain and with wondrous clouds. Below too all calm, all vital and beautiful, and the farm prospers well. Down in the fields all prospers well. But now from the fields come, Father, come at the daughter's call, and come to the entry, Mother, to the front door, come right away. As soon as she can she hurries, something ominous, her steps trembling. She does not tarry to smooth her hair, nor adjust her cap. Open the envelope quickly, oh this is not our son's writing, yet his name is signed.  All swims before her eyes, flashes with black. She catches the main words only, sentences broken. Gunshot wound in the breast, cavalry skirmish, taken to hospital, at present low, but will soon be better. Ah, now the single figure to me, amid all teeming and wealthy Ohio, with all its cities and farms, sickly white in the face, and dull in the head, very faint, by the jam of a door leans. If not so, dear mother, the just-grown daughter speaks through her sobs, the little sisters huddle around, speechless and dismayed. See, dearest mother, the letter says Pete will soon be better. Alas, poor boy, he will never be better. Nor maybe needs to be better, that brave and simple soul. While they stand at home at the door he is dead already. The only son is dead. But the mother needs to be better. She with thin form presently dressed in black, by day her meals untouched. Then at night, fitfully sleeping, often waking, in the midnight waking, weeping, longing with one deep longing. Oh, that she might withdraw unnoticed. But from life escape and withdraw, to follow, to seek, to be with her dear dead son. Vigil strange I kept on the field one night. Vigil strange I kept on the field one night. When you, my son, and my comrade, dropped at my side that day. One look I but gave, which your dear eyes returned, with a look I shall never forget. One touch of your hand to mine, oh boy, reached up as you lay on the ground. Then onward I sped in the battle, the even contested battle. Till late in the night, relieved to the place at last again I made my way, found you in death, so cold, dear comrade, found your body, son of responding kisses, never again on earth responding. Heard your face in the starlight, curious the scene, cool blew the moderate night wind. Long there and then in vigil I stood, dimly around me the battlefield spreading. Vigil wondrous and vigil sweet, there in the fragrant silent night. But not a tear fell, not even a long drawn sigh, long, long I gazed. Then on the earth, partially reclining, sat by your side, leaning my chin in my hands.  Not a tear, not a word. Vigil of silence, love and death, vigil for you, my son and my soldier, as onward and silently stars aloft, eastward new ones upwardstole. Vigil final for you, brave boy. I could not save you, swift was your death. I faithfully loved you and cared for you living, I think we shall surely meet again. Till at latest lingering of the night, indeed just as the dawn appeared, my comrade I wrapped in his blanket, enveloped well his form, folded the blanket well, tucking it carefully overhead and carefully under feet.  Ending my vigil strange with that, vigil of night and battlefield dim, vigil for a boy of responding kisses, never again on earth responding. Vigil for comrade swiftly slain, vigil I never forget, how as day brightened, I rose from the chill ground and folded my soldier well in his blanket, and buried him where he fell. A march in the ranks hard-pressed and the road unknown. A route through a heavy wood with muffled steps in the darkness, our army foiled with loss severe, and the sullen remnant retreating, till after midnight glimmer upon us the lights of a dim-lighted building. We come to an open space in the woods, and halt by the dim-lighted building. Tis a large old church at the crossing-roads, now an impromptu hospital, and the road impromptu hospital. Entering but for a minute I see a sight beyond all the pictures and poems ever made. Shadows of deepest, deepest black, just lit by moving candles and lamps, and by one great pitchy torch stationary with wild red flame and clouds of smoke. By these, crowds, groups of forms vaguely I see on the floor, some in the pews laid down. At my feet, more distinctly, a soldier, a mere lad, in danger of bleeding to death. He is shot in the abdomen. I stanch the blood temporarily. The youngster's face is white as a lily. Then before I depart I sweep my eyes or the scene, feign to absorb it all. Faces, varieties, postures beyond description, most in obscurity. Some of them dead.   Some on the bare ground, some on planks or stretchers, some in the death spasm, sweating. In occasional scream or cry, the doctors shouted orders or calls, the glisten of the little steel instruments catching the glint of the torches. These I resume as I chant, I see again the forms, I smell the odor. Then here outside the order's given, Fall in, my men, fall in. But first I bend to the dying lad. His eyes open, a half smile, gives he me. Then the eyes close, calmly close, and I speed forth to the darkness, resuming, marching ever in darkness and marching on in the ranks, the unknown road still marching. A sight in camp in the daybreak gray and dim. A sight in camp in the daybreak gray and dim, as from my tent I emerge so early sleepless. As slow I walk, in the cool fresh air, the path near by the hospital tent. Three forms I see on stretchers lying, brought out there, untended lying. Over each the blanket spread, ample brownish woollen blanket, gray and heavy blanket, folding, covering all, curious I halt and silent stand. Then with light fingers I, from the face of the nearest, the first, just lift the blanket. Who are you, elderly man, so gaunt and grim, with well-grade hair, and flesh all sunken about the eyes? Who are you, my dear comrade? Then to the second I step. And who are you, my child and darling? Who are you, sweet boy, with cheeks yet blooming? Then to the third, a face, nor child nor old, very calm, as a beautiful yellow-white ivory. Young man, I think I know you. I think this face is the face of the Christ himself, dead and divine, and brother of all. And here again he lies. As toilsome I wandered Virginia's woods. To the music of rustling leaves kicked by my feet. Fort was autumn. I marked at the foot of a tree, the grave of a soldier, mortally wounded he, and buried on the retreat. Easily all could understand. The halt of a midday hour went up no time to lose. Yet this sign left, on a tablet scrawled and nailed on the tree by the grave. Bold, cautious, true, and my loving comrade. Long, long I muse, then on my way go wandering. Many a changeful season to follow, and many a scene of life. Yet at times through changeful season and scene, abrupt, alone, or in the crowded street, come as before me the unknown soldier's grave. Come as before me the unknown soldier's grave. Comes the inscription, rude in Virginia's woods. Bold, cautious, true, and my loving comrade. Not the pilot. Not the pilot has charged himself to bring his ship into port, though beaten back and many times baffled. Not the pathfinder penetrating inland, weary and long, by deserts parched, snows chilled, rivers wet, perseveres till he reaches his destination. More than I have charged myself, heeded or unheeded, to compose march for these states, for a battle-call, rousing to arms, if need be, years, centuries hence. Year that trembled and reeled beneath me. Year that trembled and reeled beneath me, your summer wind was warm enough, yet the air I breathed froze me. A thick gloom fell through the sunshine and darkened me. Must I change my triumphant songs? said I to myself. Must I indeed learn to chant the cold dirges of the baffled, and sullen hymns of defeat? The wound dresser. One. An old man bending I come among new faces, years looking backward, resuming in answer to children. Come tell us, old man, as from young men and maidens that love me. Aroused and angry I had thought to beat the alarm, and urge relentless war, but soon my fingers failed me, my face drooped, and I resigned myself to sit by the wounded and soothe them, or silently watch the dead. Years hence of these scenes, of these furious passions, these chances of unsurpassed heroes, was one side so brave, the other was equally brave. Now be witness again, paint the mightiest armies of earth, of those armies so rapid, so wondrous, what saw you to tell us, what stays with you latest and deepest, of curious panics, of hard-fought engagements or sieges tremendous, what deepest remains. Two. O maidens and young men I love and that love me, what you ask of my days, those the strangest and sudden your talking recalls. Soldier alert, I arrive after a long march covered with sweat and dust, in the nick of time I come, plunge in the fight, loudly shout in the rush of successful charge. Enter the captured works, yet low, like a swift running river they fade, pass and are gone they fade. I dwell not on soldiers' perils or soldiers' joys. Both I remember well, many the hardships, few the joys, yet I was content. But in silence, in dreams, projections, while the world of gain and appearance and mirth goes on, so soon what is over forgotten and waves wash the imprints off the sand. With hinged knees returning I enter the doors, while for you up there, whoever you are, follow without noise, and be of strong heart. Bearing the bandages, water and sponge, straight and swift to my wounded I go, where they lie on the ground after the battle brought in, where their priceless blood reddens the grass the ground, or to the rows of the hospital tent, or under the roofed hospital to the long rows of cots up and down each side I return, to each and all one after another I draw near, not one do I miss. An attendant follows holding a tray, he carries a refuse pail, soon to be filled with clotted rags and blood, emptied and refilled again. I onward go, I stop, with hinged knees and steady hand to dress wounds. I am firm with each, the pangs are sharp yet unavoidable. One turns to me, his appealing eyes.  Three, on on I go, open doors of time, open hospital doors. The crushed head I dress, poor crazed hand, tear not the bandage away. The neck of the cavalryman with the bullet through and through examine, hard the breathing rattles, quite glazed already the eye, yet life struggles hard. Come, sweet death, be persuaded, oh beautiful death, in mercy come quickly. From the stump of the arm, the amputated hand, I undo the clotted lint, remove the slough, wash off the matter and blood. Back on his pillow the soldier bends with curved neck and side falling head.  He dares not look on the bloody stump, and has not yet looked on it. I dress a wound in the side, deep, deep, but a day or two more, foresee the frame all wasted and sinking, and the yellow-blue countenance, see. I dress the perforated shoulder, the foot with the bullet wound, cleanse the one with a gnawing and putrid gangrene so sickening, so offensive, while the attendant stands behind, aside me, holding the tray and pale. I am faithful, I do not give out, the fractured thigh, the knee, the wound in the abdomen. These and more I dress with impassive hand, yet deep in my breast a fire, a burning flame. Four. Thus in silence, in dreams, projections, returning, resuming, I thread my way through the hospitals, the hurt and wounded I pacify with soothing hand. I sit by the restless all the dark night, some are so young, some suffer so much. I recall the experience, sweet and sad. Many a soldier's loving arms about this neck have crossed and rested. Many a soldier's kiss dwells on these bearded lips. Long, too long America. Long, too long America, travelling roads all even and peaceful, you learn from joys and prosperity only. But now, ah now, to learn from crises of anguish advancing, grappling with direst fate, and recoiling not. And now to conceive and show to the world what your children en masse really are, for who except myself has yet conceived what your children en masse really are. Give me the splendid silent sun. One. Give me the splendid silent sun with all his beams full dazzling. Give me autumnal fruit ripe and red from the orchard. Give me a field where the unmowed grass grows. Give me an arbor. Give me the trellised grape. Give me fresh corn and wheat. Give me serene moving animals teaching content. Give me nights perfectly quiet as on high plateaus west of the Mississippi and I looking up at the stars. Give me odorous at sunrise a garden of beautiful flowers where I can walk undisturbed. Give me for marriage a sweet-breathed woman of whom I should never tire. Give me a perfect child. Give me away aside from the noise of the world a rural domestic life. Give me to warble spontaneous songs recluse by myself for my own ears only. Give me solitude. Give me nature. Give me again, oh nature, your primal sanities. These demanding to have them. Tired with ceaseless excitement and wracked by the war strife. These to procure incessantly asking, rising in cries from my heart, while yet incessantly asking still I adhere to my city. Day upon day and year upon year, oh city, walking your streets, where you hold me and chained a certain time, refusing to give me up, yet giving to make me glutted, enriched of soul, you give me forever faces. Oh, I see what I sought to escape, confronting, reversing my cries. See my own soul trampling down what it asked for. Two. Keep your splendid silent sun. Keep your woods, oh nature, and the quiet places by the woods. Keep your fields of clover and timothy, and your corn fields and orchards. Keep the blossoming buckwheat fields where the ninth month bees hum. Give me faces and streets. Give me these phantoms incessant and endless along the trottoirs. Give me interminable eyes. Give me women. Give me comrades and lovers by the thousand. Let me see new ones every day. Let me hold new ones by the hand every day. Give me such shows. Give me the streets of Manhattan. Give me Broadway with the soldiers marching. Give me the sound of the trumpets and drums. The soldiers in companies or regiments, some starting away, flushed and reckless. Some, their time up, returning with thinned ranks, young, yet very old, worn, marching, noticing nothing. Give me the shores and wharves heavy-fringed with black ships. Oh, such for me.  The life of the theatre, bar room, huge hotel for me. The saloon of the steamer, the crowded excursion for me. The torchlight procession, the dense brigade bound for the war with high-piled military wagons following. People, endless, streaming with strong voices, passions, pageants, Manhattan streets with their powerful throbs, with beating drums as now. The endless and noisy chorus, the rustle and clank of muskets, even the sight of the wounded. Manhattan crowds with their turbulent musical chorus. Manhattan faces and eyes, for ever, for me. Durge for two veterans. The last sunbeam lightly falls from the finished sabbath on the pavement here, and there beyond it is looking, down a new-made double grave. Low the moon ascending up from the east, the silvery round moon, beautiful over the housetops, ghastly, phantom moon, immense and silent moon. I see a sad procession, and I hear the sound of coming full-key bugles, all the channels of the city streets there flooding, as with voices and with tears. I hear the great drums pounding, and the small drums steady whoring, and every blow of the great convulsive drums strikes me through and through. For the sun is brought with the father, in the foremost ranks of the fierce assault they fell, two veterans, son and father, dropped together, and the double grave awaits them.  In the eastern sky up-boying, the sorrowful, vast phantom moves illumined, till some mother's large, transparent face in heaven brighter-growing. O strong dead march, you please me!  O my soldiers twain, O my veterans passing to burial, what I have I also give you.  Over the carnage rose prophetic a voice. Over the carnage rose prophetic a voice. Be not disheartened, affection shall solve the problems of freedom yet, those who love each other shall become invincible, they shall yet make Columbia victorious.  No danger shall balk Columbia's lovers, if need be a thousand shall sternly immolate themselves for one. One from Massachusetts shall be a Missourian's comrade, from Maine and from hot Carolina, and another, an Oregonese, shall be friend's triune, more precious to each other than all the riches of the earth. To Michigan Florida perfumes shall tenderly come, not the perfumes of flowers, but sweeter, and wafted beyond death. It shall be customary in the houses and streets to see manly affection, the most dauntless and rude shall touch face to face lightly. The dependence of liberty shall be lovers, the continuance of equality shall be comrades.  Were you looking to be held together by lawyers, or by an agreement on a paper, or by arms, nay, nor the world, nor any living thing will so cohere? I saw Old General at bay. I saw Old General at bay, old as he was, his gray eyes yet shone out in battle like stars. His small force was now completely hemmed in, in his works. He called for volunteers to run the enemy's lines, a desperate emergency. I saw a hundred and more step forth from the ranks, but two or three were selected. I saw them receive their orders aside. They listened with care. The agitant was very grave. I saw them depart with cheerfulness, freely risking their lives. The artillery man's vision. While my wife at my side lies slumbering, and the wars are over long, and my head on the pillow rests at home, and the vacant midnight passes, and through the stillness, through the dark, I hear, just hear, the breath of my infant. There in the room as I wake from sleep this vision presses upon me. The engagement opens there and then in fantasy unreal. The skirmishers begin. They crawl cautiously ahead. I hear the irregular snap, snap. I hear the sounds of the different missiles, the short t-t-t-t-t of the rifle-balls. I see the shells exploding, leaving small white clouds. I hear the great shells shrieking as they pass. The grape-like the hum and horror of wind through the trees, tumultuous now the contestor ages. All the scenes at the batteries arise in detail before me again, the crashing and smoking, the pride of the men in their pieces. The chief gunner ranges and sights his piece and selects a fuse of the right time. After firing I see him lean aside and look eagerly off to note the effect. Elsewhere I hear the cry of a regiment charging. The young colonel leads himself this time with brandished sword. I see the gaps cut by the enemies' volleys, quickly filled up, no delay. I breathe the suffocating smoke, then the flat clouds hover low, concealing all. Now a strange lull for a few seconds, not a shot fired on either side, then resumed the chaos louder than ever with eager calls and orders of officers. While from some distant part of the field the wind wafts to my ears a shout of applause, some special success, and ever the sound of the cannon far or near, rousing even in dreams a devilish exultation and all the old mad joy in the depths of my soul. And ever the hastening of infantry shifting positions, batteries, cavalry, moving hither and thither, the falling, dying I heed not, the wounded dripping and red heed not, some to the rear are hobbling, grime, heat, rush, aid to camps galloping by or on a full run, with the patter of small arms, the warnings of the rifles, these in my vision I hear or see, and bombs bursting in air and at night the very colored rockets, Ethiopia saluting the colors.  Why, rising by the roadside here, do you the colors greet? Tis while our army lines Carolinas sands and pines, forth from thy hovel door, thou, Ethiopia, comes to me, as under doubty Sherman I march toward the sea. Me master years a hundred since from my parents sundered, a little child, they caught me as the savage beast is caught, then hither me across the sea, the cruel slaver brought. No further does she say, but lingering all the day, her high-born turbaned head she wags and rolls her darkling eye and courtesies to the regiments, the Guidans moving by. What is it, fateful woman, so blear, hardly human, why wag your head with turban bound, yellow, red and green? Are the things so strange and marvellous you see or have seen? Not youth pertains to me. Not youth pertains to me, nor delicatesce, I cannot be guile the time with talk, awkward in the parlor, neither a dancer nor elegant, in the learned coterie, sitting constrained and still, for learning in yours not to me. Beauty, knowledge, in your not to me, yet there are two or three things in your to me. I have nourished the wounded and soothed many a dying soldier, and, at intervals, waiting, or in the midst of camp, composed these songs. Race of Veterans Race of Veterans, race of victors, race of the soil, ready for conflict, race of the conquering march. No more credulities race, abiding, tempered race, race henceforth owning no law, but the law of itself, race of passion, and the storm. World, take good notice. World, take good notice, silver stars fading, milky hue ripped, wet of white detaching, coals thirty-eight, baleful, burning, scarlet, significant, hands off warning, now and henceforth flaunt from these shores. O ten-faced prairie boy. O ten-faced prairie boy. Before you came to camp came many a welcome gift. Praises and presents came and nourishing food. Till at last among the recruits you came, taciturn, with nothing to give, we but looked on each other, when low, more than all the gifts of the world, you gave me. Look down, fair moon. And bathe this scene. Pour softly down night's nimbus floods on faces ghastly, swollen purple. On the dead on their backs with arms tossed wide. Pour down your unstinted nimbus, sacred moon. Reconciliation. Word over all, beautiful as the sky, beautiful that war and all its deeds of carnage must in time be utterly lost, that the hands of the sisters death and night incessantly softly wash again and ever again this solid world. For my enemy is dead, a man divine as myself is dead. I look where he lies white-faced and still in the coffin.  How solemn as one by one. Washington City, 1865. How solemn as one by one. As the ranks returning, worn and sweaty. As the men file by who are stand. As the faces, the masks appear. As I glance at the faces studying the masks. As I glance upward out of this page, studying you, dear friend, whoever you are. How solemn the thought of my whispering soul which in the ranks and to you I see behind each mask that wonder, a kindred soul.  The soul, yourself I see, great as any, good as the best. Waiting, secure and content, which the bullet could never kill. Nor the bayonet stab, oh friend. As I lay with my head in your lap, camarado. The confession I made, I resume. What I said to you and the open air, I resume. I know I am restless and make others so.  I am more resolute because all have denied me than I could ever have been had all accepted me. I heed not and have never heeded either experience, cautions, majorities, nor ridicule. And the threat of what is called hell is little or nothing to me. And the lure of what is called heaven is little or nothing to me. Dear camarado, I confess I have urged you onward with me and still urge you without the least idea what is our destination, or whether we shall be victorious or utterly quelled and defeated. Delicate cluster Delicate cluster, flag of teeming life covering all my lands, all my seashores lining, flag of death, how I watched you through the smoke of battle pressing, how I heard you flap and rustle, cloth defiant, flag cerulean, sunny flag with the orbs of night dappled, ah my silvery beauty, ah my woolly white and crimson, ah to sing the song of you, my matron mighty, the sacred one, my mother, to a certain civilian. Did you ask dulcet rhymes from me? Did you seek the civilians peaceful and languishing rhymes? Did you find what I sang air-while so hard to follow? Why I was not singing air-while for you to follow, to understand, nor am I now. I have been born of the same as the war was born, the drum-core's rattle is ever to me sweet music, I love well the marshal dirge, with slow wail and convulsive throb leading the officer's funeral. What to such as you anyhow such a poet as I, therefore leave my works and go lull yourself with what you can understand, and with piano tunes, for I lull nobody, nor understand me. Low, victress on the peaks, low, victress on the peaks, where thou with mighty brow regarding the world, the world, oh Libertad, that vainly conspired against thee, out of its countless beleaguering toils after thwarting them all, dominant with the dazzling sun around thee, flauntest now unharmed in immortal soundness and bloom, low in these hours supreme, no poem proud I chanting bring to thee, nor masteries rapturous verse, but a cluster containing night's darkness and blood-dripping wounds, and Psalms of the dead, spirit whose work is done, Washington City, 1865. Spirit whose work is done, spirit of dreadful hours, air departing fade from my eyes your forests of bayonets, spirit of gloomiest fears and doubts, yet onward ever unfaltering pressing, spirit of many a solemn day and many a savage scene, electric spirit, that with muttering voice through the war now closed, like a tireless phantom flitted, rousing the land with breath of flame while you beat and beat the drum, now as the sound of the drum hollow and harsh to the last reverberates round me, as your ranks, your immortal ranks return, return from the battles, as the muskets of the young men yet lean over their shoulders, as I look on the bayonets bristling over their shoulders, as those slanted bayonets whole forests of them appearing in the distance approach and pass on, returning homeward, moving with steady motion swaying to and fro to the right and left, lightly, rising and falling while the steps keep time. Spirit of hours I knew, all hectic red one day, but pale as death next day, touch my mouth there you depart, press my lips close, leave me your pulses of rage, bequeath them to me, fill me with currents convulsive, let them scorch and blister out of my chance when you are gone, let them identify you to the future in these songs. Adieu to a soldier. Adieu, oh soldier, you of the rude campaigning which we shared, the rapid march, the life of the camp, the hot contention of opposing fronts, the long manoeuvre, red battles with their slaughter, the stimulus, the strong, terrific game, spell of all brave and manly hearts, the trains of time through you all filled with war and war's expression. Adieu, dear comrade, your mission is fulfilled, but I, more war-like, myself and this contentious soul of mine still on our own campaigning bound, through untried roads with ambushes, opponents lined, through many a sharp defeat and many a crisis, often baffled, here marching, ever marching on, or fight out, I here, to fiercer, weightier battles give expression. Turn, oh Libertad, turn, oh Libertad, for the war is over, from it and all henceforth expanding, doubting no more, resolute, sweeping the world. Turn from lands retrospective, recording proofs of the past, from the singers that sing the trailing glories of the past, from the chants of the feudal world, the triumphs of kings, slavery, caste. Turn to the world, the triumphs reserved and to come, give up that backward world. Leave to the singers of hitherto, give them the trailing past, but what remains for singers for you, wars to come are for you, though how the wars of the past have duly enured to you and the wars of the present also in your. Then turn and be not alarmed, oh Libertad, turn your undying face to where the future, greater than all the past, is swiftly, surely preparing for you to the leavened soil they trod. To the leavened soil they trod, calling I sing for the last, forth from my tent emerging for good, loosing, untieing the tent ropes, in the freshness the forenoon air, in the far-stretching circuits and vistas again to peace restored, to the fiery fields eminitive and the endless vistas beyond, to the south and the north. To the leavened soil of the general western world to attest my songs, to the Alleghenian hills and the tireless Mississippi, to the rocks I calling sing, and all the trees in the woods, to the plains of the poems of heroes, to the prairies spreading wide, to the far-off sea and the unseen winds and the sane impalpable air and responding they answer all, but not in words. The average earth, the witness of war and peace, acknowledges mutely. The prairie draws me close as the father to bosom broad the sun, the northern ice and rain that began me nourish me to the end, but the hot sun of the south is to fully ripen my songs. End of Book 21, Part 2 Read by Kara Schallenberg on December 12, 2005 in Oceanside, California. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman Book 22 Read by Wedschild Book 22 Memories of President Lincoln When lilacs last in the doryard bloomed One When lilacs last in the doryard bloomed and the great star early drooped in the western sky in the night, I mourned, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring. Ever-returning spring Trinity sure to me you bring lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west and thought of him I love. 2.  3. In the doryard fronting the old farmhouse near the whitewashed palings stands a lilac bush tall-growing with heart-shaped leaves of rich green with many pointed blossom rising delicate with the perfume strong I love with every leaf a miracle and from this bush in the doryard with delicate colored blossoms and heart-shaped leaves of rich green a sprig with its flower I break. 4. In the swamp and secluded recesses a shy and hidden bird is warbling a song. Solitary the thrush the hermit withdrawn to himself avoiding the settlements sings by himself a song. Song of the bleeding throat death's outlet song of life for well dear brother I know if thou was not granted to sing thou would surely die. 5. Over the breast of the spring amid lanes and through old woods where lately the violets peeped from the ground spotting the gray debris amid the grass in the fields each side of the lanes passing the endless grass passing the yellow speared wheat every grain from its shroud in the dark brown fields uprisen passing the apple tree blows of the white and pink in the orchards carrying a corpse to where it shall rest in the grave night and day journeys a coffin. 6. Through the houses through lanes and streets through day and night with the great cloud darkening the land with pomp of the in looped flags with the cities draped in black with the show of the states themselves as of crept veiled women standing with processions long and winding and flambos of the night with the countless torches lit in the silent sea of faces in the unbeared heads with the waiting depot the arriving coffin in the somber faces that through the night with the thousand voices rising strong and solemn with all the mournful voices of the dirges poured round the coffin the dim-lit churches and the shuttering organs where amid these you journey with the tolling tolling of the bell's perpetual clang here a coffin that slowly passes I give you my sprig of lilac. 7. Nor for you for one alone blossoms and branches green to coffins all I bring for fresh as the morning thus would I chant a song for you O sane and sacred death all over bouquets of roses O death I cover you over with roses and early lilies but mostly and now the lilac the blooms in the first copious I break I break the sprigs from the bushes with loaded arms I come pouring for you for you and for the coffins of all you death. 8. A western orb sailing the heaven I know what you must have meant as a month since I walked as I walked in silence the transparent shadowy night as I saw you had something to tell as you bent to me night after night as you dripped from the sky so low down as if to my side while the other stars all looked on as we wandered together the solemn night for something I know not what kept me from sleep as the night advanced I saw on the rim of the west I stood on the rising ground in the breeze in the cold transparent night as I watched where you passed and was lost in another word black of the night as my soul in its trouble dissatisfied sank where you sad orb concluded dropped in the night and was gone 9. Sing on there in the swamp O singer bashful and tender I hear your notes I hear your call I hear I come presently I understand you but a moment I linger for the lustrous star has detained me the star my departing comrade holds and detains me 10. O how shall I warble myself for the dead one there I loved and how shall I deck my song for the large sweet soul that has gone and what shall my perfume be for the grave of him I love sea winds blown from east to west blown from the eastern sea and blown from the western sea till there on the prairies meeting these and with these and the breath of my chant I'll perfume the grave of him I love 11. O what shall I hang on the chamber walls and what shall the pictures be that I hang on the walls to adorn the burial-house of him I love pictures of growing spring and farms and homes with the fourth month eve at sundown and the gray smoke lucid and bright with the floods of yellow gold of the gorgeous indolence sinking sun burning expanding the air fresh sweet herbage underfoot in the pale green leaves of the trees prolific in the distance the flowing glaze the breast of the river with a wind dabble here and there with ranging hills on the banks with many a line against the sky and shadows and the city at hand with dwelling so dense and stacks of chimneys and all the scenes of life and the workshops and the workmen homeward returning 12. Low body and soul this land owned Manhattan with spires and the sparkling and hurrying tides in the ships the varied and ample land the south and the north in the light Ohio's shores and flashing Missouri and ever the far-spreading prairies covered with grass and corn low the most excellent sun so calm and haughty the violet and purple morn with just felt breezes the gentle soft-born measureless light the miracle-spreading bathing all the fulfilled noon the gorgeous and the welcome night and the stars over my city shining all enveloping man and land 13. Sing on, sing on you gray brown bird sing from the swamps the recesses pour your chant from the bushes limitless out of the dusk out of the cedars and pines sing on, dearest brother, woe-woe your reedy song, loud and human song with voice of uttermost woe a liquid and free and tender and loose to my soul a wondrous singer you only I hear yet the star holds me but will soon depart yet the lilac with mastering odor holds me 14. Now while I sat in the day and looked forth in the close of the day with its light in the fields of spring and the farmers preparing their crops in the large unconscious scenery of my land with its lakes and forests in the heavenly aerial beauty after the perturbed winds and the storms under the arching heavens of the afternoon swift passing and the voices of children and women the many moving sea tides and I saw the ships how they sailed and the summer approaching with richness and the fields all busy with labor and the infinite separate houses how they all went on each with its meals and minutiae of daily usages and the streets how their throbbing throbbed and the city's pent low then and there falling upon them and among them developing me with the rest appeared the cloud appeared the long black trail and I knew death its thought and the sacred knowledge of death then with the knowledge of death is walking one side of me and the thought of death close waking on the other side of me and I in the middle as with companions and as holding the hands of companions I fled forth to the hiding receiving night that talks not down to the shores of the water to the depths by the swamp and the dimness to the solemnly shadowy cedars in the ghostly pine so still and the singer so shy to the rest received me the gray brown bird I know received us comrades three and he sang the carol of death and a verse for him I love from deep secluded recesses from the fragrant cedars and the ghostly pine so still came the carol of the bird and the charm of that carol wrapped me as I held as if by their hands my comrades in the night and the voice of my spirit tallied the song of the bird come lovely and soothing death undulate round the world serenely arriving arriving in the day and the night to all to each sooner or later delicate death praised be the fathomless universe for life and joy and for objects and knowledge curious and for love sweet love but praise praise praise for the sure and winding arms of cool and folding death dark mother always gliding near with soft feet have none chanted for thee a chant of fullest welcome then I chanted for thee I glorify thee above all I bring thee a song that when thou must indeed come come unfalteringly approach strong deliverance when it is so when thou hast taken them I joyously sing the dead lost in the loving floating ocean of thee laughed in the flood of thy bliss for me to thee glad serenades dances for thee I propose saluting thee a dormance and fastings for thee and the sights of the open landscape in the high spread shy are fitting and life in the fields and the huge and thoughtful night the night in silence under many a star the ocean shore and the husky whispering wave whose voice I know and the soul turning to thee a vast and well veiled death and the body gratefully nestling close to thee over the treetops I float thee a song over the rising and sinking waves over the myriad fields and the prairies wide over the dense packed cities all and the teeming wharves and ways I float this carol with joy with joy to thee oh death fifteen to the tally of my soul loud and strong kept up the gray brown bird with pure deliberate notes spreading filling the night loud in the pines and cedars dim clear in the freshness moist in the swamp perfume and I with my comrades there in the night while my sight that was bound in my eyes unclosed as to long panoramas of visions and I saw a scant to the armies I saw as in noiseless dreams hundreds of battle flags born through the smoke of the battles and pierced with missiles I saw them and carried hither and yon through the smoke and torn and bloody and at last but a few shreds left on the staffs and all in silence and the staffs all splintered and broken I saw battle-corpses myriads of them and the white skeletons of young men I saw them I saw the debris and debris of all the slain soldiers of war but I saw they were not as was thought they themselves were fully at rest they suffered not the living remained and suffered the mother suffered and the wife and the child and the amusing comrades suffered and the armies that remained suffered 16. Passing the visions passing the night passing unloosing the hold of my comrades' hands passing the song of the hermit bird and the tallying song of my soul victorious song death's outlet song yet varying ever-altering song as low and wailing yet clear the notes rising and falling flooding the night sadly sinking and fainting as warning and warning and yet bursting with joy covered the earth filling the spread of the heavens as that powerful psalm in the night I heard from the recesses passing I leave the lilac with the heart-shaped leaves I leave thee there in the door-yard blooming returning with spring I cease from my song for thee from my gaze on thee in the west fronting the west commuting with thee O comrade lustrous with silver face in the night yet each to keep in awe retrievements out of the night and the tallying chant the echo aroused in my soul with the lustrous and drooping star with the countenance full of woe with the holders holding my hands nearing the call of the bird comrade's mind and I in the midst and their memory ever to keep for the dead I loved so well for the sweetest wisest soul of all my days and lands and this for his dear sake lilac and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul in the fragrance of pines and cedars dusk and dim O captain, my captain O captain, my captain our fearful trip is done the ship has weathered every rack the prize we sought has won the port is near the bells I hear the people all exalting while following I is the steady keel the vessel grim and daring but o heart, heart, heart o bleeding drops of red where on the deck my captain lies dead O captain, my captain rise up and hear the bells rise up for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills for you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you shores are crowding for you they call the swaying mass their eager faces turning hear captain, dear father this arm beneath your head it is some dream that on the deck you've fallen cold and dead my captain does not answer he has no pulse nor will the ship is anchored safe and sound it's voyage closed and done from fearful trip the victor's ship comes with object one exalt those shores and ring the bells but I with mournful tread walk the deck my captain lies fallen cold and dead hushed be the camps today May 4, 1865 hushed be the camps today and soldiers let us drape our war-worn weapons and each with musing soul retired to celebrate our dear commander's death no more for him life's stormy conflicts nor victory nor defeat no more time's dark events charging like ceaseless clouds across the sky but sing poet in our name sing of the love we bore him because you dwellering camps know it truly as they invult the coven here sing as they close the doors of earth upon him one verse for the heavy hearts of soldiers this dust was once the man this dust was once the man gentle, plain, just and resolute under whose cautious hand against the foulest crime in history known in any land or age was saved the union of these states and book 22 this is a LibriVax recording all LibriVax recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVax.org recorded by Annie Coleman in St. Louis, Missouri in February 2006 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman Book 23 by Blue Ontario's Shore by Blue Ontario's Shore as I mused of these war-like days and of peace returned and the dead that returned no more a phantom gigantic superb with stern visage accosted me chant me the poem it said that comes from the soul of America chant me the carol of victory and strike up the marches of Libertad marches more powerful yet and sing me before you go the song this rose of democracy democracy the destined conqueror yet treacherous lip-smiles everywhere and death and infidelity at every step two a nation announcing itself I myself make the only growth by which I can be appreciated I reject none except all then reproduce all in my own forms a breed whose proof is in time and deeds what we are we are nativity is answer enough to objections we wield ourselves as a weapon is wielded we are powerful and tremendous in ourselves we are executive in ourselves we are sufficient in the variety of ourselves we are the most beautiful to ourselves and in ourselves we stand self-poised in the middle branching fence over the world from Missouri Nebraska or Kansas laughing attacks to scorn nothing is sinful to us outside of ourselves whatever appears whatever does not appear we are beautiful or sinful in ourselves only oh mother sisters dear if we are lost no victor else has destroyed us it is by ourselves we go down to eternal night three have you thought there could be but a single supreme there can be any number of supremes one does not counter veil another any more than one eyesight counter veils another or one life counter veils another all is eligible to all all is for individuals all is for you no condition is prohibited not gods or any all comes by the body only health puts you rapport with the universe produce great persons the rest follows four piety and conformity to them that like peace, obesity, allegiance to them that like I am he who tauntingly compels men women, nations crying, leap from your seats and contend for your lives I am he who walks the states with a barbed tongue questioning every one I meet who are you that wanted only to be told what you knew before who are you that wanted only a book to join you in your nonsense with pangs and cries as thine own o bearer of many children these clamors wild to a race of pride I give o lands would you be freer than all that has ever been before if you would be freer than all that has been before come listen to me fear, grace elegance civilization delicates fear the mellow sweet the sucking of honey juice beware the advancing mortal ripening of nature beware what precedes the decay of the ruggedness of states and men five ages, precedents have long been accumulating undirected materials America brings builders stone styles the immortal poets of Asia and Europe have done their work and passed to other spheres a work remains the work of surpassing all they have done America curious toward foreign characters stands by its own at all hazards stands removed spacious composite sound initiates the use of precedents does not repel them or the past or what they have produced under their forms takes the lessons with calmness perceives the corpse slowly born from the house perceives that it waits a little while in the door that it was fittest for its days that its life has descended to the stalwart and well shaped air who approaches and that he shall be fittest for his days any period one nation must lead one land must be the promise and reliance of the future these states are the amplest poem here is not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations here the doings of men correspond with the broadcast doings of the day and night here is what moves in magnificent masses careless of particulars here are the roughs beards friendliness combattiveness the soul loves hear the flowing trains hear the crowds equality diversity the soul loves six land of lands and bards to corroborate of them standing among them to create a westbred face to him the hereditary countenance bequeathed both mothers and fathers his first part substances earth water animals trees built of the common stock having room for far and near used to dispense with other lands incarnating this land attracting it body and soul to himself making on it's neck with incomparable love plunging his seminal muscle into it's merits and demerits making it's cities beginnings events, diversities wars vocal in him making it's rivers, lakes bays, embouchure in him Mississippi with yearly fresh it's and changing shoots Columbia, Niagara, Hudson spending themselves lovingly in him if the atlantic coast stretch or the pacific coast stretch he stretching with them north or south spanning between them east and west and touching whatever is between them growths growing from him to offset the growths of pine cedar, hemlock live oak, locust chestnut, hickory, cottonwood orange magnolia tangles as tangled in him as any cane break or swamp he likening sides and peaks of mountains forests coated with northern transparent ice off him, pasturage sweet and natural as savanna upland prairie through him flights worlds, screams answering those of the fishhawk mockingbird night heron and eagle his spirit surrounding his country spirit unclosed to good and evil surrounding the essences of real things old times and present times surrounding just found shores islands tribes of red aborigines weather beaten vessels landings settlements embryo stature and muscle the haughty defiance of the year one war, peace the formation of the constitution the separate states the simple elastic scheme the immigrants the union always swarming with blatherers and always sure and impregnable the unsurveyed interior new houses clearings wild animals hunters trappers surrounding the multi-form agriculture mines, temperature the gestation of new states congress convening every 12th month the members duly coming up from the uppermost parts surrounding the noble character of mechanics and farmers especially the young men their manners speech, dress, friendships the gait they have of persons who never knew how it felt to stand in the presence of superiors the freshness and candor of their physiognomy the copiousness and decision of their phrenology the picturesque looseness of their carriage their fierceness when wronged the fluency of their speech their delight in music their capacity good temper and open-handedness the whole composite make the prevailing ardor and enterprise the large amativeness the perfect equality of the female with the male the fluid movement of the population the superior marine free commerce fisheries whaling, gold digging wharf hemmed cities railroad and steamboat lines intersecting all points factories mercantile life labor-saving machinery the northeast, northwest southwest Manhattan firemen the Yankee swamp southern plantation life slavery the murderous treacherous conspiracy to raise it upon the ruins of all the rest on and on to the grapple with it assassin then your life or hours be the stake and respite no more seven low, high toward heaven this day the Bertad from the Conqueror's Field returned I mark the new Oriola around your head no more of soft astral but dazzling and fierce with war's flames lightnings playing and your port immovable where you stand with still the inextinguishable glance and the clinched and lifted fist and your foot on the neck of the menacing one the scorner utterly crushed beneath you the menacing arrogant one that strode and advanced with his senseless scorn bearing the murderous knife the wide-swelling one the braggart that would yesterday do so much today a carrion dead and damned the despised of all the earth an awful rank to the dung hill maggots spurned eight others take finish but the republic is ever constructive and ever keeps vista others adorn the past but you oh days of the present I adorn you oh days of the future I believe in you I isolate myself for your sake oh America because you build for mankind I build for you oh well beloved stone cutters I lead them who plan with decision and science lead the present with friendly hand toward the future bravas to all impulses sending sane children to the next age but damn that which spends itself with no thought of the stain pains dismay feebleness it is bequeathing nine I listen to the phantom by Ontario's shore I heard the voice arising demanding bards by them all native and grand by them alone can these states be fused into the compact organism nation to hold men together by paper and seal or by compulsion is no account that only holds men together which aggregates all in a living principle as the hold of the limbs of the body or the fibers of plants of all races and eras these states with veins full of poetical stuff most need poets and are to have the greatest their presidents shall not be their common referees so much as their poets shall soul of love and tongue of fire eye to pierce the deepest deeps and sweep the world ah mother prolific and full in all besides yet how long barren barren ten of these states the poet is the equable man not in him but off from him things are grotesque eccentric fail of their full returns nothing out of its place is good nothing in its place is bad he bestows on every object or quality its fit proportion neither more nor less he is the arbiter of the diverse he is the key he is the equalizer of age and land he supplies what wants supplying he checks what wants checking in peace out of him speaks the spirit of peace large, rich thrifty building populous towns encouraging agriculture, arts commerce lighting the study of man the soul, health immortality government he is the best backer of the war he fetches artillery as good as the engineers he can make every word he speaks draw blood the years string toward infidelity he withholds by his steady faith he is no arguer he is judgment nature accepts him absolutely he judges not as the judge judges but as the son is telling round helpless thing as he sees the farthest he has the most faith his thoughts are the hymns of the praise of things in the dispute on God and eternity he is silent he sees eternity less like a play with a prologue in denouement he sees eternity and men and women he does not see men and women as dreams or dots for the great idea the idea of perfect and free individuals for that the bard walks in advance leader of leaders the attitude of him cheers up slaves and horrifies foreign despots without extinction is liberty without retrograde is equality they live in the feelings of young men and the best women not for nothing have the indomitable heads of the earth been always ready to fall for liberty 11 for the great idea that oh my brethren that is the mission of poets songs of stern defiance ever ready songs of the rapid arming and the march the flag of peace quick folded and instead the flag we know war like flag of the great idea angry cloth I saw there leaping I stand again in leaden rain your flapping folds saluting I sing you over all flying beckoning through the fight oh the hard contested fight the cannons ope their rosy flashing muzzles the hurtled balls scream the battlefront forms amid the smoke the volleys pour incessant from the line hark the ringing word charge now the tussle and the furious maddening yells now the corpses tumble curled upon the ground cold cold in death for precious life of you angry cloth I saw there leaping 12 are you he who would assume a place to teach or be a poet here in the states the place is a gust the terms obdurate who would assume to teach here may well prepare himself body and mind he may well survey ponder, arm fortify, harden make lithe himself he shall surely be questioned beforehand by me with many and stern questions who are you indeed who should talk or sing to America have you studied out the land its idioms and men have you learned the physiology phrenology politics geography pride freedom friendship of the land its substratums and objects have you considered the organic compact of the first day of the first year of independence signed by the commissioners ratified by the states and read by Washington at the head of the army have you possessed yourself of the federal constitution do you see who have left all feudal processes and poems behind them and assume the poems and processes of democracy are you faithful to things do you teach what the land and sea the bodies of men womanhood amativeness heroic anger teach have you sped through fleeting customs popularities can you hold your hand against all seductions follies worlds fierce contentions are you very strong are you really of the whole people are you not of some coterie some school or mere religion are you done with reviews and criticisms of life animating now to life itself have you vivified yourself from the maternity of these states have you too the old ever fresh forbearance and impartiality do you hold the like love for those hardening to maturity for the last born little and big and for the errant what is this you bring is it uniform with my country is it not something that has been better told or done before have you not imported this or the spirit of it in some ship is it not a mere tale a rhyme a prettiness is the good old cause in it has it not dangled long at the heels of poets politicians literats of enemies lands does it not assume that what is notoriously gone is still here does it answer universal needs will it improve manners does it sound with trumpet voice the proud victory of the union in that secession war can your performance face the open fields and the seaside will it absorb into me as I absorb food air to appear again in my strength gait face have real employments contributed to it original makers not mere eminences does it meet modern discoveries calibers facts face to face what does it mean to American persons progresses cities Chicago Canada Arkansas does it see behind the apparent custodians the real custodians standing menacing silent the mechanics manhattanese western men southerners significant alike in their apathy and in the promptness of their love does it see what finally be falls and has always finally befallen each temporizer patcher outsider who has ever asked anything of America what mocking and negligence the track strewed with the dust of skeletons by the roadside others disdainfully tossed thirteen rhymes and rhymers pass away poems distilled from poems pass away the swarms of reflectors and the polite pass and leave ashes admirers importers obedient persons make but the literature America justifies itself give it time no disguise can deceive it or conceal from it it is impassive enough only toward the likes of itself will it advance to meet them if its poets appear it will in due time advance to meet them there's no fear of mistake the proof of a poet shall be sternly deferred till his country absorbs him as affectionately as he has absorbed it he masters whose spirit masters he tastes sweetest who results sweetest in the long run the blood of the brawn beloved of time is unconstraint in the need of songs philosophy and appropriate native grand opera shipcraft anycraft he or she is greatest who contributes the greatest original practical example already a nonchalant breed silently emerging appears on the streets people's lips salute only doers, lovers satisfiers positive knowers there will shortly be no more priests I say their work is done death is without emergencies here but life is perpetual emergencies here are your body days, manners superb after death you shall be superb justice, health self-esteem clear the way with irresistible power how dare you place anything before a man fourteen fall behind me states a man before all myself typical before all give me the pay I have served for give me to sing the songs of the great idea take all the rest I have loved the earth sun, animals I have despised riches I have given aims to everyone that asked stood up for the stupid and crazy devoted my income and labor to others hated tyrants argued not concerning God had patience and indulgence toward the people given off my hat to nothing known or unknown gone freely with powerful uneducated persons and with the young and with the mothers of families read these leaves to myself in the open air tried them by trees stars rivers dismissed whatever insulted my own soul or defiled my body claimed nothing to myself officially claimed for others on the same terms sped to the camps and comrades found and accepted from every state upon this breast has many a dying soldier leaned to breathe his last this arm this hand this voice have nourished raised restored to life recalling many a prostrate form I am willing to wait to be understood by the growth of the taste of myself rejecting none permitting all say, oh mother have I not to your thought been faithful have I not through life kept you and yours before me fifteen I swear I begin to see the meaning of these things it is not the earth it is not America who is great it is I who am great or to be great it is you up there or anyone it is to walk rapidly through civilizations, governments, theories through poems, pageants shows to form individuals underneath all individuals I swear nothing is good to me now that ignores individuals the American compact is all together with individuals the only government is that it is a minute of individuals the whole theory of the universe is directed unerringly to one single individual namely to you mother with subtle sense severe with a naked sword in your hand I saw you at last refuse to treat but directly with individuals sixteen underneath all nativity I swear I will stand by my own nativity pious or impious so be it I swear I am charmed with nothing except nativity men, women cities, nations are only beautiful from nativity underneath all is the expression of love for men and women I swear I have seen enough of mean and impotent modes of expressing love for men and women I take my own modes of expressing love for men and women in myself I swear I will have each quality of my race in myself talk as you like he only suits these states whose manners favor the audacity and sublime turbulence of the states underneath the lessons of things spirits nature, governments ownership to perceive other lessons underneath all to me is myself to you, yourself the same monotonous old song seventeen oh, I see flashing that this America is only you and me its power weapons, testimony are you and me its crimes lies, thefts defections are you and me its congress is you and me the officers, capitals armies, ships are you and me its endless gestations of new states are you and me the war that war so bloody and grim the war I will henceforth forget was you and me natural and artificial are you and me freedom, language poems employments are you and me past, present, future are you and me I dare not shirk any part of myself not any part of America good or bad not to build for that which builds for mankind not to balance ranks, complexions, creeds and the sexes not to justify science nor the march of equality nor to feed the arrogant blood of the brawn, beloved of time I am for those that have never been mastered for men and women whose tempers have never been mastered for those whom laws theories, conventions can never master I am for those who walk abreast with the whole earth who inaugurate one to inaugurate all I will not be outfaced by irrational things I will penetrate what is in them that is sarcastic upon me I will make cities and civilizations defer to me this is what I have learnt from America it is the amount and it I teach again democracy while weapons were everywhere aimed at your breast I saw you serenely give forth to immortal children saw in dreams in writing form saw you with spreading mantle covering the world 18 I will confront these shows of the day and night I will know if I am to be less than they I will see if I am not as majestic as they I will see if I am not as subtle and real as they I will see if I am to be less generous than they I will see if I have no meaning while the houses and ships have meaning I will see if the fishes and birds are to be enough for themselves and I am not to be enough for myself I match my spirit against yours you orbs growths mountains brutes copious as you are I absorb you all in myself and become the master myself America isolated yet embodying all what is it finally except myself these states what are they except myself I know now why the earth is gross tantalizing wicked it is for my sake I take you specially to be mine you terrible rude forms mother bend down bend close to me your face I know not what these plots and wars and deferments are for I know not fruition's success but I know that through war and crime your work goes on and must yet go on 19 thus by blue Ontario's shore while the winds fanned me and the waves came trooping through me I thrilled with the powers pulsations and the charm of my theme was upon me till the tissues that held me parted their ties upon me and I saw the free souls of poets the loftiest bards of past ages strode before me strange large men long unwaked undisclosed were disclosed to me 20 of my wrapped verse my call mock me not not for the bards of the past to invoke them have I launched you forth not to call even those lofty bards here by Ontario's shores have I sung so capricious and loud my savage song bards for my own land only I invoke for the war the war is over the field is cleared till they strike up marches henceforth triumphant and onward to cheer oh mother your boundless expectant soul bards of the great idea bards of the peaceful inventions for the war the war is over get bards of latent armies a million soldiers waiting ever ready bards with songs as from burning coals or the lightnings forked stripes ample Ohio's Canada's bards bards of California inland bards bards of the war you by my charm I invoke reversals let that which stood in front go behind let that which was behind advance to the front let bigots fools unclean persons offer new propositions let the old propositions be postponed let a man seek pleasure everywhere except in himself let a woman seek happiness everywhere except in herself end of book 23


The health effects of exposure to welding fumes, vapours and gases can vary.  To reduce your workers' exposure to hazardous welding fumes and UV radiation, isolate welding processes in a ventilated booth or area away from other workers. You should always consider the welding processes, filler metals and shielding gases you use to reduce fume generation. Make sure you review safety data sheets for welding rods so you fully understand the gases and fumes that are released during the welding process. If possible, substitute more hazardous welding rods with a less hazardous or lower fume consumable. Ensure you have adequate local exhaust ventilation systems such as a ventilated isolation booth, downdraft booth or on-tool extraction torch to extract fumes, gases and vapours at the source. Reflections from welding arcs can expose workers to UV radiation. Install non-flammable screens, partitions and use low-reflecting paints to protect workers. Welders should position their heads outside of the welding plume to reduce welding fumes entering the breathing zone. The presence of oils, greases, paints or mill scale and zinc coatings on base metals will contribute to higher levels of fume. This metal should be cleaned to remove surface contamination before welding. Limit access to the welding area and use signs to warn others that welding is occurring. Modify the shielding gas blend or their balance where practical to reduce welding fumes. Welders must always use PPE to reduce the risk of exposure to physical and chemical hazards. That includes auto-darkening welding helmets, respiratory and hearing protection, fire retardant clothing and leather welding gloves, jackets and aprons. To reduce the residual risks from welding, others in the vicinity should use PPE such as respirators, hearing and eye protection. Regularly conduct air monitoring to get accurate information about the potential exposure levels to welding fumes. Air monitoring should be carried out by a competent person such as an occupational hygienist and records kept for 30 years. Different methods of welding create higher levels of welding fumes. Where practical, use a welding method that produces the least amount of fumes such as submerged arc, TIG or resistance welding. Welding fume generation is proportional to current and voltage. Where practical, use control waveform machines that deliver low fume metal transfer modes. Smaller diameter welding rods requiring less current and voltage should also be considered to reduce the generation of welding fumes. Use a fume extraction welding torch consisting of a duct connected to the welding torch. Fumes, gases and vapours are extracted from the point source. Use fixed and flexible systems such as a welding booth, downdraft table or portable hoods with filters. Each system has advantages and disadvantages that you need to consider. Get an expert such as an occupational hygienist to determine the best methods of extraction ventilation in your workspace. You must ensure all equipment used in welding is adequately maintained. Electrical equipment such as power sources, welding machines and ventilation systems must be properly installed, maintained, repaired and tested by a competent person. Equipment used with compressed gases including regulators must be regularly inspected and maintained to prevent hazards such as gas leaks. Gas cylinders must be inspected to check if they are visibly damaged or corroded and whether they are within test date. Protective equipment must be in good working order and kept clean and hygienic. Some protective equipment may have a limited lifespan and need to be replaced periodically while other types may become damaged or ineffective if stored incorrectly. Anyone undertaking welding work must be trained in the proper use of protective equipment, how to work safely in hazardous areas such as confined spaces, safe welding procedures, first aid and emergency procedures, how to access and understand safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals and the nature of and reasons for any health monitoring requirements. If you work with welding, keep your people safe.


Good day, fellow investors. In this video, we'll give an overview of the Chinese online streaming investment opportunities. YY, MOMO, Huya, Vaibo. And we're going to put, compare them, see what's going on with their user growth, what's their revenue potential, what's the perspective on the market. And the topics we're going to cover today are. We'll start with an overview of the stocks discussed, YY, Huya, MOMO, Vaibo. Give a market overview of the competition, the risks, the business, the model, business model rationale, the fundamental comparison, the revenue growth of each stock valuation, earnings per share, guidance, cash per share, book value. We'll put all those four shares into our comparative table of the big number of Chinese stocks we already covered. So please check the playlist on YouTube with all the Chinese stocks. And then we're going to conclude with the investment risk and rewards. Let's start with YY. Online streaming business scandal-clad girls entertaining mostly males. The business model is that the girls receive tokens of appreciation from their fans. And YY gets a cut of offering 50-55% on that. Their vision, the goal is to really spread around online dating, social games, outdoor sports, game broadcasting, etc., etc. They are the number one live streaming social media platform in China according to monthly daily average users total time spent. So they have a large and rapidly growing user base, 80 million people. Massive and growing revenue, they have started to monetize what they do and they have seen very nice revenue growth over time. Platform, they have new monetization initiatives and they are trying to leverage that onto the high user base. Profitability is there, the company is very profitable with strong operating cash flow, something to keep in mind when analyzing stocks. On the conference call notes, the management is expecting slow down in growth 25-30% and that's probably including Huya that's still consolidated. We'll talk about the ownership there. However, what's very significant for me, I have analyzed YY a year ago, you can see an old video, recommended it as a buy and I think the selling price was 120 so people that bought it sold there. But what was the key factor when investing in YY a year ago now has already changed. The management is also already talking about completely different things and we have a new platform called Bigo that is expanding in India, Saudi Arabia and Southeast Asia. So something new, they have invested a lot of money in it. So we'll see how that expands over the long term and their monthly active users are already at 40 million in the first half of the year. So investments, a lot of investments and but a profitable company and they have made a lot of cash. They have a lot of cash on their balance sheet. However, on the direct question in the conference call, what will they do with that cash? It was not about dividends, it was about further investments and acquisitions. On the question, what will they do with their cash 6 billion onshore and 20 million dollars offshore, we are actively looking at different kinds of mergers and acquisitions. When Natalie asked in terms of share, buyback or dividend payout, no immediate term. We're going to focus on organic product, sales and marketing and mergers and acquisitions. Okay, as an investor, you want that cash out and that's something they are not doing, which is one reason why the stock is cheap. We'll see later in the fundamentals. Something very funny with any stock from China that I analyze, everybody is going on to artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain and I am surprised that this chart from YY doesn't show blockchain. But thankfully, if you go into the conference call, here is the blockchain. They truly believe they will be the leader for the blockchain going forward. Great, so artificial intelligence, blockchain and all that blah, blah with every stock that is there. Nevertheless, let's talk about Huya. It's 45% owned by YY, so it is consolidated because they have control over it. However, it's 31% owned by Tencent and Tencent can bring up its stake to 51% by buying shares at a price of $7 per share, which is much lower than what is the current stock price. So there will be dilution for YY, they own now 44%, it will go down to 31%. So let's look at this Huya. They guide for 109% revenue growth and gross margin improvement of 50 basis points. They are the most active live streaming platform in China, 87 million users, 99 minutes spent on the app per day per user. So they monetize again, same thing, advertising, live streaming services, subscription, whatever. I don't know, I just checked the platform fastly and this girl was rolling dice and playing some game. I don't know, I don't understand the business, but that's what people in China enjoy watching. Gaming entertainment market will grow in the future. It's already a big deal and it's expected to grow even faster. If we look at what are the expected revenues, the market is expected to double in the next four or five years. On the ownership, YY now owns 44.5% of the company. Tencent has a right between 2020 and 2021 to buy and reach 50.1% of the voting power. In order to do that, they have to increase the number of shares from the current perspective that's from the current place where they have 65 million shares to 51%. So if that happens, total number of shares will go up from 204 million to 280 million, 70 million. So Tencent will have to buy 75 million shares at 7.19 dollars. So that's about 500 million that will flow into the company. That's not bad, but YY will be diluted by that number of shares. If I put that perspective, the current market cap is 5.1 billion, I didn't add the 500 million from Tencent, but the value then after the dilution for YY is 1.5 billion according to the market cap. If we put that into fundamental perspective, the market cap for YY is 5 billion minus 1.5 billion for Huya. So 3.5 billion is what you actually pay for YY if Huya gets deconsolidated. So they have almost 1 billion in cash. So then the actual market cap is 2.5 billion on 100 million in operating income per quarter. That's 400 million on 2.5 billion. So you're practically paying a price earnings ratio of 6.25 for the YY business. So YY is cheap and it's getting cheaper. I think it's now cheaper than it was a year ago, but we have to put it into the market's perspective. But let's see first about MoMo, Vibele and then we'll put everything into a comparison and you will see why it is so cheap. There is a reason and one reason is already mentioned. They will spend the cash into something that's again uncertain and not pay a dividend. If they would pay at least 50% of that in a dividend, then it would be a more appreciated stock for investors. The MoMo, the online dating, social entertainment platform, again live streaming meeting first seen as a sex app, but okay. Then they acquired Tantan, the Tinder of China. So they will combine them, try to leverage the users, etc. Live streaming is 85% of revenue. And something interesting, they have issued convertible notes recently to acquire the companies. They have issued 600 million in convertible notes, which will lead to future dilution if the stock price hits 64.61 somewhere in the future. There are competitors, Billy Billy, iQui, Huya, YY, etc. So again, Tencent is investing in W, which is again, Ipo, Plan, Panda TV, etc., etc. Vibele is not so much into live streaming, more a blogging, micro blogging platform, also growing extremely fast. Users can send messages. They ditched the 140 Twitter business model in 2016 and made it more similar to Facebook. Huge growth there. Let's dig into the fundamentals, which will give a better perspective. YY guidance growth 25%, Huya 103%, MoMo 51%, Vibele 49%. So huge growth numbers. The most profitable on a price earnings ratio is YY. MoMo also very good with the staggering growth that should improve. So those companies are not really that expensive when you put it into a growth perspective. Also, cash per share, the highest is YY. So from a fundamental perspective, YY is really the cheapest. When I put everything into my comparative value table, if those companies slow down with their growth, I don't know, 20% for MoMo, 15% for YY, 25% for Huya and 30% for Vibele, then only YY is still undervalued. Without, it is even more undervalued if we limit the cash. Huya is a little bit overvalued. The present value gets closer to what Tencent is paying. Vibele is extremely overvalued and the similar thing gets for MoMo. Why am I putting evaluation of Ten when it comes to their 2023 profits because of the sector and the uncertainties related to the sector? The key question is, is the sector the growth sustainable? But let's first explain the boom into the online streaming industry. Fast internet, one child policy and 200, 300 people moving from the rural areas into the cities. So those online streamings are really catering to the need of human connection that unfortunately those people living in those cities feel the loneliness. So that's something that those platforms are catering, but there is a lot of competition. The barriers to entry are really small. There is regulatory oversight that can cut you in a second if you do things wrong. So the risk is also there. That's why those things are cheap and the visibility into the future is really small. And if you see over the last year, the engagement is really stagnating. YY 26 million, MoMo 71 million, Huya 11 million in January 2017, YY lower 22 million, MoMo even lower 44, 45 million and Huya a little bit growing in January of 2018. So stagnation in the number of users not really growing there, growing on monetization and international expansion, but that's again a risk. However, the growth in live video streaming market in China is expected to continue to be high 50% in 2018. We are seeing that but then slowing down to 31% with a lot of new competitors. There will be more internet users, so the market is growing. So what am I doing? I'm just looking at the market, putting into a perspective of all the stocks that I'm covering in China, looking at and seeing how to best fit, find the stocks for my Chinese portfolio exposure. These are not really value investment businesses because from a business perspective, where will they be in 5, 10 years? I don't know. They can be huge, but they can also be forgotten about. So that's something you have to put into the risk and reward perspective. The cash, the cash that YY has, the price earnings ratio is really attractive. And then you have to see, okay, how does that fit my portfolio? Will they ever pay dividends or will they just invest in growth growth over the very long term? We don't know. The competitors are constantly coming in finding new investors. So that's also something to think about regulatory pressures. If they say people are spending too much time on that, that might be a big hit in China. So put that into your perspective when investing. The stock on positive sentiments might explode again because all the stocks I think are relatively down from their highs, but they could also go down again. You really can't be smart with conviction here because nobody knows what will happen because the market is really a young market, an uncertain market, highly competitive market, where it's all about consumer preferences. And those things really shift very, very quickly. And we already see stagnating things with the YY first mover advantage, the base competitors Momo, Huya, even if it's from YY growing, taking market share, but already new competitors coming in. So it's a very uncertain environment. And please accept the risk reward if you are investing. I'll see when I finish the Chinese environment analysis, how does that fit my portfolio and whether it is fit for me. You have to see whether it fits for you. Thank you. Looking forward to your comments and I'll see you in the next video.


Hello and welcome to the session. This is Professor Farhad and the session we're going to be looking at accounting for malpractice Contingencies and insurance premium for health care providers This topic is covered in a governmental and not for profit accounting. It is surely covered on the CPA exam As always, I would like to remind you you my viewers to connect with me only then YouTube is where you would need to subscribe. I have over one thousand five hundred plus Accounting auditing and tax lectures Please like my lectures if you like them share them put them in the playlist Let the world know about them if they're benefiting you and they might benefit others as well This is my Instagram account. Please follow me on Instagram as I'm trying to grow my following This is my Facebook account and this is my website on my website if you'd like to donate support the channel Please feel free to do so. So let's talk about malpractice contingencies for health care providers This is an important big topic and big money when when it comes to malpractice Malpractice for doctors is very very expensive if something happened or for hospitals as well in any health care provider The they have to pay out really really big money That's that that's the big picture. The small picture is simple Why because we have to follow fast B5 and what is fast B5? Well, hopefully you remember what fast B5 We record a contingency. Hopefully you remember what a contingency is When both of these conditions exist one the it's a probable that we're gonna lose Two it's reasonable that we can estimate the dollar amount. So we have to know two things We have to know the probability and the probability has to be probable. It cannot be remote It cannot be possible For us to record the liability it has to be probable It's a good chance that we're going to lose plus we have to know the dollar amount We're gonna be losing under those circumstances We book a liability and let's take a look at an example The hospital estimates that the eventual cost of settling their practice screen for incident occurring in the current year will be 3 million So notice they think they can estimate and they think they are going to lose. There's a good chance. That's what they're saying About 3 million dollar. Well, they will debit an expense called Malpractice insurance claim expense or claim expense and they will credit a liability of 3 million Basically, this is an expense part of operating health care is you're gonna be sued for more malpractice That's part of being in health care. Therefore, you have to account for this as part of your operating expenses The next topic we're gonna work with in this chapter is insurance premium And we have to differentiate between two type of insurance cream Which is a little bit unusual because for us, it's different for individuals because if you have auto insurance Home insurance health insurance. Well, let's talk about it. Let's assume you have auto insurance When do you pay your insurance? Do you pay your insurance at the end of the period or at the beginning of the period? Well, guess what you pay at the beginning of the period. Well, think about it If you go through the whole year then pay at the end Well, what incentive you have to pay if you didn't get into an any accident You won't carry the insurance, right? So you always have to carry the insurance before getting the insurance before paying for the insurance before is called Prospective insurance premium. It means you pay it at the beginning of the period now When the when the when those health care provider pay for prospective insurance if they pay for two years They will expense it over two years or three years.  Okay, so it's pretty straightforward.  There's something called a retrospective insurance premium. What is that retrospective retrospective means?  How is that possible? Well, let me give you a little bit of background. Why? sorry Why health care providers doctors in hospitals? They pay also retrospective after here's what happened Let's assume a doctor pays just let's go to the same example three hundred thousand for one year. Just make it one year Okay, so they pay this prospectively Do you guys remember I told you back in the 80s health cost started to go up Substantially and I told you because there was no incentive for the doctor to control cost There was no incentive for the patient not to visit the doctor So the health care cost went up and part of that increase too was due to malpractice People were sewing doctors and settlements were very very large So the doctor will buy insurance to protect themselves now the insurance company find out while this doctor paid us three hundred thousand dollar But this doctor had a lot of malpractice insurance incidents. Therefore the payout we had to pay ten million dollar For that doctor therefore what they start to do is this you pay us three hundred thousand dollar Then at the end of the period we decide if you should pay an additional two hundred thousand dollar or guess what we may give you back $50,000 Depending on the risk that we experience your during that year So let's assume you went through the whole year that doctor did not have any malpractice claim They may give you back $50,000. That's good Or you may get into trouble with your with your patients and have a lot of malpractice And they may say well you have to put up an additional two hundred thousand dollar with to put up to two hundred thousand dollar or to pay You back the fifty thousand. This is called retrospective insurance premium So basically what they do they adjust your policy upon expiration to reflect loss experience or no loss experience Okay, again, that started in the 80s because what happened health and Insurance company they find out that they're making bad deals with the doctors that deals in a sense They are they are signing up doctors where they cannot afford the risk.  You be careful.   Okay, so you can get some premium back Or you have to pay more premium Well, so when we record this additional premium, we're gonna have a contingency in a sense We're gonna have to estimate that contingency and know whether it's probable and if it's probable and reasonable we will book it Okay, hopefully we get some money back. We don't want to have a loss Let's take a look at an example to illustrate this concept The hospital paid premium on one of its malpractice insurance policy that cost for the year is 1.5 million Debit expense credit cash However, the hospital estimate that owing to act owing to actual experience during the year It will have to pay an additional $200,000. So for the 1.5 million, they will debit insurance expense credit cash To record the adjustment for the retrospective They're gonna have to debit an expense again and they're gonna have to credit a payable some sort of a liability So this is how it works for insurance premium if you happen to visit my website for additional lectures or my youtube Please consider donating to support the channel. If you're studying for your CPA exam As always Study hard. It's worth it. Good luck and see you on the other side of success