Okay, so along the lines of outreach. I'm going to talk about my trip in December to Addis Ababa Ethiopia with Dr. Bernstein and we were working on improving the retinal care in that region So we'll just get right into it here I do have to put up this disclaimer all the residents have seen this every week every two weeks at floor scene These are my views only this does not represent Department of Defense or Department of the Navy policy or any opinion We'll go Navy So if anybody needs caffeine Now's the time all right Funny picture obviously We were this was after a long day on day 7 we had a pretty hectic schedule And we had flown out from a small airport at about I think about 7 a.m Gotten into the next airport at about 8 15 Picked up immediately driven right to hiking for probably No, I don't know four or five miles With lots of picture-taking and then this was the first chance to relax in quite a while And we were both just hanging out across from each other on this empty beer empty spot on a veranda and There was a low in the conversation, and then I looked up and Dr. Bernstein had just decided to slip off So if anybody needs one go get some caffeine here, and we'll just get going So Ethiopia this is obviously Ethiopia it is the large or the the second most populous Country in Africa, and it is the most populous landlocked country in the world So that I found interesting it wasn't always landlocked If you guys know much about the history of this area Eritrea used to be a part of Ethiopia Until the Italians came in the mid 1900s So obviously we were in Addis, which is in the center there That's the most recent capital for the last 70 so somewhat years and prior to that it was up north We spent most of our time in Addis, and then we spend a little bit of time in the north Seeing some sites, and I'll show you a few pictures of that too. So the demographics of the country again eighty seven point nine million people That's as of 2014, and it's growing at about a three to four percent annual clip Again interestingly, and they're very proud of this fact It's the only country never to have been conquered by European power in Africa And for that reason many of the African countries when they gained a dependence actually took The colors of the Ethiopian flag and use them on their flags. So that's why there's so much Green yellow and red in African flags And they've had this is the most recent flag, but they've had about 30 some odd flags in the last hundred years. They just keep changing it It's about twice the size of Texas, and there are four retina specialists So that demonstrates the need to be here And there are a few other ophthalmologists and some other all these four retina specialists are in Addis, and there are some comprehensive ophthalmologies who do limited retinal services such as lasers or scleral buckles but You can see that's a relatively low considering we have six retina specialists here and Salt Lake just in at the Moran not including all the Other folks so the state of medical care There's 13 medical schools in the country, but that's relatively recent As of about six or seven years ago The the country really up the number of medical schools and the number of applicants that they accepted to medical schools Because they had a lot of trouble with these quality physicians that they were training at the few medical schools all leaving the country Coming over to the states or to Europe and practicing and so no doctors were really staying there and because of that they they really up the number and the problem with that was that some of the trainees were of Lower quality or questionable quality most of the schools in the country The primary schools all teach in Amharic, which is the native language But then in the secondary schools that everything's taught in English However, even some of the residents that we were teaching new pretty minimal English Certainly weren't able to speak very well, which is is a challenge It's nice that they have the bodies that they need to start actually filling the ranks of the doctors But the level at which they're able to be trained is maybe somewhat questionable right now But that's the trade-off the government's making at this time Even despite that most of Ethiopians live without a doctor because they live in small rural villages and may never end up Leaving that village for their entire life the government hospitals are obviously notoriously low resource and They really do have a lack of quality training and part of that is because there's no incentive to be an academic clinician There's no incentive significant incentive to work at the government hospital and teach other than For the love of teaching so it's it's difficult to train and keep people The retinal care again for retinal specialists all of them are in Addis Two of them work at the mental to government hospital Which is where we spent a decent amount of our time and then there are two private clinics in in the city The doctor to Lixu he did is he's the longest Retina specialist there and he did his train hands-on training at or with Orbus And then he also did a observational fellowship here in 2016 and he did an observational fellowship as well at In California, so he's pretty well trained. He does full-scale retina service The second one that we worked with a lot was dr. Dereje who also works at at Menelik and he had some training in the Dominican Republic on laser and buckles And he's just started to have some Vectorectomy skills and those dr. To Lixu is pretty much teaching him How to how to do Vectorectomy and it was exciting we got to help him further his skills and then Dr. Alamou also did a year training at Tilganga and then did an observational fellowship out here to further refine his skills So he had his hands-on training out in Nepal And we'll talk about that later as in terms of the goals and things we want to accomplish Coming up. There's one other retina specialist that we don't have any contact with who works with dr Alamou that we kind of know nothing about So Menelik to they normally have rent a clinic two half days a week The residents pretty much only observe So that kind of makes it a little bit interesting you can see the photo there in the bottom that they have the two observer scopes and the The attending really never gets up from that chair and they just bring a patient in he takes a look He kind of describes things he tells them what they need and then they move on So they're able to be pretty efficient and they can see you know upwards of 50 patients in a half day without without a huge problem They don't have any OCT. They don't have any photo capabilities. They have no laser and they have no ultrasound So those are all major issues. It's really just Ophthalmoscopy that they're doing they also don't use the indirect ophthalmoscope unless they're laying the patient down so You know so pretty much that we said we did indirect on I think four patients that day and all of them We had to they bring them into another room. The residents lay them down. They get you they get on the indirect so We're gonna go also go into kind of teaching them that you can do indirect while someone's sitting up relatively quickly and easily And kind of help further some of the the skills there So They do surgery Written surgery two half days a week as well. They have an Ort leave atrectomy machine, which is a European company It's a pretty difficult interface. It's not you very user-friendly But the upside is is they do have many reusable pieces most of the tubing is reusable and they can they reuse the cutters and Most of the equipment is reusable so not much gets thrown away, which is really nice You can see the OR there in the lower right Me doing a buckle teaching one of the residents and then Dr. Tulik Sue and Bernstein and OR So what were our goals? Our goals were to train and improve the retina skills of the attendings currently there develop interest in the residents and teach the residents while we're there initiate a possible collaborative research project and Dr. Bernstein has been working with Dr. Tulik Sue and talking about AMD and the fact that they see a reasonable amount of AMD and Ethiopia more than kind of would be expected or certainly with the classic teaching of people of African descent Bring a bunch of much needed supplies for vitrectomy and buckles They were running very low on any buckles and they were pretty much using it Just one type of sponge is their only buckle that they had and then assess for ongoing needs and kind of create a plan to improve continue to improve things So day one we pretty much arrived. We brought tons of supplies. I think it was You know multiple thousands of dollars. I think in the twenty thousand dollar range in terms of PFO We brought a lot of reuse non reusable equipment in the US that they can reuse and sterilize forceps scissors Even entry systems that they will that they will reuse over and over again And then they also had a bunch of twenty three gauge vitrectomy probes that were stuck in customs for about They've been stuck for about two months because some paperwork didn't go through and that's one of the frustrating things about Ethiopia is that The paperwork is very very challenging and if it's not done Right the first time the government will just sit on it forever And it goes down into this oblivion. So we were lucky enough to stay with this nice gentleman Teclei and he is a pastor who is running an NGO for for young girls teaching basically rehabilitating them in the north and we met him through a Generous patient that dr. Bernstein and I had probably about a month before we left for Ethiopia We had a patient who needed a pneumatic retinopexy and he just so happened to work at an NGO in Ethiopia and knew this man and said hey Would you guys like to stay with a nice person? You've never met rather than stay at the hotel and Both of us jumped at the chance. So we were lucky enough to have a good guide and a very nice man Take care of us while we were there So day two we went over to Menelik To and dr. Bernstein talked about retinal degenerations with the residents for for an hour lecture in the morning And this was followed by a very busy clinic So about 35 patients in two hours with dr. Dureja And most of the patients in the clinic had bilateral advanced pathology You know total retinal detachment for multiple years in one eye and a total retinal detachment in the other eye So about three-quarters of them were led led into the room because they couldn't see the chair Or bilateral vitreous hemorrhages things of that nature And more diabetic retinopathy than I think Certainly than I expected to see there and you can see all the patients just waiting outside the clinic to come in and have their turn So day three We were back at Menelik and we did I did a one-hour diabetic Retinopathy talk because we've seen so much the previous day for the residents And then we did half a day retina clinic with teleksu and we saw 45 or so patients that day That's a picture of all the residents who were there for that For the lecture in the morning That's outside the the lecture hall and then the only eye bank of ethiopia was right there And it was a one room, but they did a pretty good job of obtaining tissue surprisingly so Um And then we went over to dr. Talix's private clinic and saw about 60 patients and looked at many patients with amd and uh, dr. Bernstein was looking at a lot of those patients seeing if there was a different phenotype or or anything that Could possibly be studied and trying to kind of assess for For future studies with some of these patients They do have an oct at that at at the private clinic as well as a laser and an or so It's uh, it's much better equipped and anybody who they see at the government hospital who requires oct or possible injections Amd patients, they all have to be sent out to the private clinic and and pay For that service. So hopefully we can we can change that in the future So day four we were in the or with dr. Dureja in the morning And uh, it's dr. Dureja doing a buckle here on the uh on the upper left and then me doing a vetrectomy for a total rd Um with dr. Dureja watching and then it was exciting. We got to have dr. Dureja peel his first epiretinal membrane um Under dr. Bernstein's and my watching eyes trying to help him learn that skill and uh, he did a great job It was a 2,200 membrane. So it was nice and thick and easy to to peel and get and uh We're hoping that he can come do an observorship in the future And then me doing a buckle teaching the residents and um, interestingly they do their buckles just under completely under direct indirect ophthalmoscope and um Also, uh, dr. Dureja his interesting technique for cryotherapy actually drains the sub-retinal fluid So the eye is really soft and pushes just looks without the indirect and pushes in until he sees the tear inside the pupil And then hits the cryo. So Interesting way to do it not the we we I we showed him the way that we did it and uh Hopefully he'll he'll decide to pick that up But that's how he was taught in the dominican how to do it and it worked really well He found the tear no problem Pushed it all the way into the center of the eye and hit the cryo and you could just watch it freeze Looking with your eyes. It was quite interesting. So And so uh on that day we did on that day again, we did dr. Rage's peel I did have a tractomy some retained pfo removal, which is pretty common Um, and then we also did an r. O. P examination on a baby who was transferred Um, who uh ended up not having any significant r. O. P. I think it was probably not where it's a patient that we would actually screen in this country They were just a little worried And so uh, so we took a look and luckily that baby was clear and then we did several detachment repairs with buckles So I got to learn how to do buckles with different equipment, which was good After in the afternoon, we spent a little time visiting the uh, the national museum with a couple of um Uh interested residents and we saw lucy And salam, which are the two oldest, uh, hominid skeletons in the world Three point two and three point three million years old So salam was a baby and um, and uh, his his remains were there So that was fun day five.  We had some trouble with the ortley vatrector Um, it would not have any suction and we So we ended up having to abort a couple of cases because of that But we were still able to do a buckle of vatrectomy for a non clearing vitreous hemorrhage and uh a The failed uh pvr Complex rd that we weren't able to complete because of the vatrector breaking which was unfortunate Then we went to his private clinic and we did several other cases. Um and uh And uh, we did a pvr total uh rd We did a post trauma case that uh, dr. Tolik sue brought in specifically for us to help with. Um, and uh I was doing part of the case and so it was dr. Tolik sue and we just couldn't get a good view and Luckily dr. Bernstein was there to save the day and figure out how we could get a view and We were able to to save this kid's eye So that was exciting and then did a bunch of total rds and some some diabetic hemorrhages This was an interesting thing Uh, uh when we were at mental like two right at right but right about at lunch time They said hey come on in and they took me into a room literally adjacent to the operating room And they were roasting coffee over And an open charcoal flame So that's something that we might want to think about adding into our or spaces Um, and I guess it's it's uh kind of a tradition that when you roast and make the coffee that you're supposed to Lean in really close inhale the smoke and kind of waft it over your head So they wanted me to be the ceremonial person to do that since we were visiting to that day And then they made the coffee so And very good coffee So then we had some time to spend in the countryside and uh, we went to bahir dar Which is kind of like the ethiopian riviera, but there's actually a lot of history there So, uh, we went to several monasteries that are between fourth and sixth century Um, and then that's the view from the balcony of the place we were staying. It's on lake tana And uh, this is also the origin of the blue Nile. So it's the origin of half of the Nile river so Have a good time there Uh, that is an ancient bible in gegez, which is the Ethiopian Orthodox church language. It's very similar to um haraq. Actually, they use the exact same letters But apparently nobody can read it except the priests Because it has a completely different way that everything's arranged But that is a bible from about I think they said about sixth century And it's made on goat skin And that's the priest that that takes care of the one of the priests that takes care of the monastery You were nice enough to show us that and so the top picture is the monastery That's obviously been re-roofed. That's uh That's a very old monastery from I think 450 or so ad but It's been redone. These are the oldest pretty much the oldest monasteries in the country So very interesting and a lot of fun Day seven went to a place called lali bella, which is uh a In the north also in the north of the country and um, they basically Carved these churches out of solid rock and uh, you can see um, the bottom left picture is st. George's which is the most ornate and uh Deepest and the they actually dug down about 23 meters into solid rock Carved that out and then dug the inside out So it's actually from a single that single piece of stone And this king lali bella did 11 different churches So you can see the bottom left is the top where it's across and then you can see on the bottom right That's what the that's what the church looks like from a little down on another side And uh, again the the ceilings are Are 20 meters high And it's three feet of solid sorry three meters of solid stone on each wall So it's relatively small inside actually But and then some other churches that were slightly larger Again all monolithic meaning they were all carved out of out of the mountain Pretty pretty ornate And then that's the view the middle left is the view from the balcony where we were staying And that's uh, that's why we were enjoying Having a relaxing afternoon when dr. Bernstein fell asleep And then day eight and nine we spent an axon, which is uh the historical capital of ethiopia It's where the ax my empire was which was one of the largest empires in the world Around its time which is from about one 400 bc up until about ninth century ad And they Converted to christianity in about 300 bc And the ethi, or ethiopian orthodox church Believes that they have the original arc of the covenant that it was taken from And placed in ethiopia each of the churches has a um a copy that's put in the center of the church That's kind of their altar And uh, so that's how they say they kept it Hidden from anybody who wanted to take the arc of the covenant is there were so many they never Knew where it was in which church they say that in that middle picture there that very small cathedral is where the The true arc of the covenant is placed And uh, we were lucky enough to just be there on a day that top picture there is uh about probably what do you say dr. Bernstein about a thousand people 1500 Yeah, uh people gather at 430 And they parade a copy from that uh From that church around this the streets of the city and um And it was it was Quite interesting chanting and kind of parading it through the city about a mile or so the top left is the uh is from about 300 bc or excuse me 300 ad And it's uh similar to a rosetta stone It's got four sides and it's got four different languages on the side and it's a translation stone and they found that um, and uh have it erected in a in a small area and then the bottom left picture is uh The stelae which are basically gravestones grave markers, um, but massive And they used to put them up for when you died if you had enough money you would have your tomb underneath the ground and then you would have this marking the side of your tomb and They are the one that fell there apparently fell right upon erecting is what they think and it was 82 tons And they were putting these up in about the fourth to fifth century so Pretty interesting that uh, they were able to get those up, but apparently this one fell and I Felt like that was an engine engineering disaster They said it wasn't the foundation wasn't deep enough and so immediately when they put it up it fell down Which that would not be good. I would be unhappy Then the last day we just had about a half day. So, uh, we did a quick, uh, lecture with the residents and then we went out to the armor hansen research institute, which is the leading institute on tuberculosis and or excuse me leprosy in the world and they also do a lot of work on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistant tuberculosis met dr. Jonas there who is a medical researcher and and geneticist and worked on making sure they had adequate equipment to do DNA sequencing and Things of that nature for future research projects collaborating with them and then we said goodbye to autos so The outcome of our trip is that, you know, I think we made a good impact in terms of improving some of the skills of of the The the attendings there But they really need more retina specialists and they need more people giving retinal services even if they're not fully trained retina specialists Um, it would be great for dr. Derreggia to come over now that he's starting vitrectomy and he's learning some skills to to do an observational fellowship with us Or somewhere else in the states to get some further training Um, and then we definitely want to work with the alamu more on future trips We were unable to Other than meeting with him briefly one day. We were unable to spend much time with him And uh, actually nick batra who most of you know Worked with him a lot when he was here So we thought he would be an ideal candidate if he's interested to go out to spend some Uh one-on-one time with dr. Alamu and make sure he has what he needs and and help with further training They definitely need photography oct ultrasound FAA of possible capability certainly oct If if we're able to get it an ultrasound would be Would be very helpful for them and then they really need a better supply chain So they're not having to cancel a bunch of cases because they don't have attractors And working on projects. It sounds like maybe this coming fall winter They might start a genetics research project on amd with greg hageman, but They're working on that.  So So questions How do you transport the pfo? Um that checked it wasn't really it wasn't a problem. Yeah, there's small there's small pfo is liquid though Yeah, okay, pfo is liquid and it's an they're individual containers So it's just like bringing your soap or shampoo, but there are in terms of actually gases. We've got them into Um Into butan Because there's a european version that's pre-filled syringes that are not under pressure And those you can do they're fairly expensive. They're 65 euros a piece So and interestingly they use almost exclusively silicone oil because it's so much cheaper there It's uh, it's about 40 dollars A you know a bottle for silicone oil whereas the gas canisters are several hundred Which is kind of just the opposite here or gas and gas is much cheaper than oil oils four to five hundred dollars and Here in the states because it's got to be FDA approved. So only alchemy can sell it Just a message for the residents and the fellows when you go to these countries Don't go with the approach we in the west you with the developing There are many little tips you can pick up from local surgeons remember they have to make do with little or nothing In all the years i've seen some amazing things that people are able to do in these countries Now Left over last year we take 45 minutes or so to do it carefully suture and i'm On your case when i'm teaching you about how to hold a needle and suture and so on And in the late 80s when i was operating not far from where you were with those coptic churches up north In Ethiopia they told me about this amazing plastic surgeon that i must go visit And so i did and he wasn't he wasn't an md qualified trade which is a local surgeon And he would do a medical capacity in about seven minutes And i thought that you threw up to see this and so i went and saw his technique which i described to you in a second And then he showed me supposed stop Patients and i thought that the house is as good a better than i can do And all he would do is he'd lie you down. There's no marking nothing It looks that you're sitting up and that is the thing that i always convey to my residents and fellows is Examining the patient sitting up Ideally joking with them and seeing how they move their faces. That's what he did He will simply lie you down and pick up your upper eyelid and go chop And then he took two stitches one two and said there you are on your bike And i thought that just can't give you a result and it's absolutely beautiful results He tried to publish this i encouraged him to publish this as his technique Of course, no western medical journal will accept it And me being the editor of a couple of lastings. I can't accept it because i'm the one encouraging him Ethically, so that never really got published. So we put it together as a little report for the world health organization putting it down as Old techniques that may still work type of stuff, but it doesn't give him the importance of it results And i saw a lot of patients of this Along the grounds of your retinal attachment the Honduras technique that you described In the late 80s About 88 89 In England, we do audits much more so than you do again And we compare results, you know whose retinal attachment rates are where and it's been It's been in in situ for all the since about the mid 60s In 1989 the person with the highest success rate for retinal attachment repair This is not using silicone oil, etc. One straightforward retinal attachments was Bill Douglas who trained in South Africa came to England to practice And he never used an indirect ophthalmoscope and he treated all these attachments with a direct ophthalmoscope Point of telling the story is don't lose the skill of examining retinas with a direct ophthalmoscope And i see a lot of you using 90 and 80 double lenses and 20 double lenses Use Use the direct ophthalmoscope to see if you missed or if you could have Got the skill of finding those peripheral Lackacity generation of detachment tears and set it up with the direct ophthalmoscope Because when i'm operating in the bush i have my direct ophthalmoscope And i use it constantly and i force myself to use it over here as much as i can So this gentleman, Dalglish, had something like a 97% success He would cry out like you would cry out Direct ophthalmoscope and he would cry out And his point was it's quicker, it's cheaper It takes care of you as a surgeon with skill not just as a technician to what we've all become Relying on all CTs and all the other stuff So i was really impressed by those numbers and i don't know if after his generation Anybody's carrying on doing this direct type of stuff But he used to teach generation after generation of african surgeons to do that So this is why you see these people still on the work doing this You know, we mustn't decry it. No, they get quite results And i learned a lot in terms of bottling and how to adjust the buckle from Dr. Derejia Because that's what they do, you know, we don't do as many straight buckles As they do, certainly because it's cheaper, faster, easier, and works great when you know how to do it So, um What do they use? Do they use silicon? What's that? Do they use silicon now? Do they use silicon now? Yeah, i don't know All right, so mostly they're still using sponges Okay, they do we do we brought them a bunch of silicone bands They try to reserve any encircling bands or anything for those cases that require 360 so a lot of times they're going to put on 180 degree sponge and then do a bit of track to me for For a complex case if they want to break that or something So there's a tree in northern Ethiopia which contains branches with bark which has a smooth oily layer That's what they used to use. That's why i'm asking you Yeah, they would just cut them No, we didn't say that. They use regular standard sponges and And silicon components I think the irony of all these is these great techniques that they successfully used for decades They're not they're not documented anywhere or It's disappearing So I just wanted to sum up how You know what a great job James did on this and it's really our fellowship here in retina and with the other fellowship Fellowships here are unique in that we really emphasize the international Division here when we're interviewing fellows that are blind here We're really the only program that does this that guarantees that every one of our retina fellows will have one to two weeks doing this in the Developing world and we're really trying to Get the fellows to be excited about this to continue doing this when they go on to their their future jobs And that's why You know nick Batra when he heard that we had been there and that we had met with halamu Really does want to go and as you know Has is going to go even though he's at a different university will be spot. Hopefully sponsored by us to go back Yeah, it's really it's really lucky that we get to do this because We're just we try to get other ones that are other fellows that are interested The hope would be is that if multiple people can go multiple different times you have Multiple training opportunities. You have somebody there every three or four months If you have three people rotating Going you get really good chance to work with these guys see what they need Assess them get them what they need in a quick time frame And you know further whatever education needs that they have to uh to really kind of build up Build up the skill set and the availability of services in the country So, you know, that would be the ideal is you have several people going Kind of on a rotating schedule to keep improving the skills and the equipment and what we have so


the desktop. That'll make it a lot easier for us here today. Those of you who've been here in the past maybe have seen Pete talk. Evil Pete has done a project that's kind of notorious mapping the exchanges with his war dialer in the Bay Area. And now that the world is going wireless, it's kind of expanded that idea a bit and that's part of today's talk. So, no further ado, Pete Shippley. Okay, tech on this is actually pretty simple, but everybody wants to hear about it so here I am. Just a quick note on the right hand side, we have a little application called Net Stumble, which we'll talk about later. You can see there's some humorous people out here with fun APs. And pretty much Net Stumble will be available. I think it should, well, it's still in beta, but when it comes to driving around, this is currently the program until we finish writing some Unix code that actually works directly with the cards. So, people asked what it's called. Somebody coined war driving. I like calling it land jacking. Somebody else is calling, you know, land lacking. So generally what the project is, basically to basically where, rise to where it is this stuff. People set up networks, they don't know what they're doing. I don't know how many people remember when the web first got, like, noticed by the public and all of a sudden every company wanted to put up a website and every company got hacked into because they had no fucking idea what they were doing. And it's the same thing happens over and over again. People discovered previously in Linux. Ooh, I could have a home computer. Next thing you know, everybody's home machines being hacked. Yes. Well, it's the same thing happened in wireless. The public project is basically raising awareness of security ramifications. We've all dealt with managers.   And one thing about security, security is economics. That security is not there, though. Security follows down to economics. Software is made secure when it is something that has to do with money. If they're going to save money by not making it secure, they'll do it. So most security managers will basically decide, well, why should we care about wireless security when it's obviously not a problem? Or maybe there's a security problem here, but not our problem. So network security wireless lands. Why is it so popular? Well, we have half the con wired up and it didn't cost us much. Unlike, I don't know if you've been to previous cons, that this networking cable is just impossible to use. Secondly, companies can hold on. They can basically deploy things. Large buildings can set things up. If you've ever worked in a company that expands like crazy, it takes what, the local phone company, six months to set up your T1, or it takes a six pack of beer in an evening to set up a wireless link. It was also very similar to WebRace that I pointed out. I personally feel that wireless networking has brought security back 10 years. This is fun for some of us and makes others rich, but in the long run it's going to cost a lot of people a lot of money. Now, just cut off some of the questions. People ask, how do I do this? It's really not that hard. It's really trivial. Loosen cards have a nice little feature where you set your SID to any and it will associate with the nearest AP. Simple. I mean, this is really low tech stuff. I wrote a simple script in Perl that resets my card, records your SID, pulls my GPS, gets to my longitude latitude, and post-processing, spit it out in the maps. Somebody else saw what I had done, liked it, and it was a bit of a Windows progress. I mean, he actually wrote this, which is actually a little bit better, but literally you drive around, you see stuff like, you know, literally, there's a lot of networks here because we're at DEF CON, but you stand on like Fremont and Market Street in San Francisco, and literally the screen will be full of open access points and this is the hardware I use. If anybody wants the actual wiring, it's really trivial. The script's available free, www.disorg.slashwi. Download what? www.disorg.slashwi. And all the scripts are there. There's even a statistical program for looking up the stuff. Now detection methods, it's actually really easy. The first time was a quick hack. I basically, like I said, just took the Loosen card, put it into 11 cards, don't do this. Some vendors don't do this. If you have a Loosen card that doesn't work, backflash it to the firmware release back in November or January. Loosen kind of removed some of these features from the latest revisions because people were doing this stuff. Okay, just set your SID to any. If you're under FreeBSD, set your SID to a null string and your card becomes a little slut. It'll just hook up to any AP in the area and just, yeah. The other one, just resets polls, as I said, detects. If you think about it, Rye Road is really inefficient, but there's so much out there, it works really well. I mean, literally, I could drive it about 80 miles an hour down the freeway and lock on to people's access points and home access points. No problem. I had, my first version of the program actually had a bell that rang every time I found an AP. I took that out of the code real fast. You drive Loosen on this, being your friend's like, is something wrong? Is your car okay? Yeah, door's open, yeah. Key's ignition. Like I said, the data's log says people who are writing code like this, I encourage you to. I'm actually working on some stuff, which I'll talk about later. Like this guy up. This stuff is pretty good because it keeps the log. One nice thing of this is actually outputs the file in the same format as my script so I can do post-processing. See, as you drive down a road or street, you get points along the street in a different way, basically different signal strengths. Well, if you quantize your location into a grid and then do averaging, I could actually find which building your AP is. So if you drive up First Street and drive up Second Avenue, you can calculate where it is. Or if you're driving around a business park and you just circle the complex, I can tell you what building, and sometimes even like what area of the building is. Yeah, well, officially, I only look at IP headers. I will not look at anybody's personal data. That's my story and I'm sticking to it. Now, long distance. Matt, who's out here somewhere. Matt, yeah, who's out here somewhere. We and him got together one day and decided to go up to the Berkeley Hills. And actually, you beat this record, did you recently? The distance record? You beat our first distance record, didn't you? Yeah, you got a 20-mile link. The fun part about this is I'll show you a picture of a nice 24 dB antenna got up on the hills, pointed it to the far, literally at the horizon in San Francisco and I got into an office AP. Now, there are APs out there with big antenna samplifiers, but the one I actually was able to bump into was this corporation with an AP sitting on somebody's desk. Yeah. I did this over 13 miles away. So the managers out here, which I'd love to pick on, who think, well, it's not a problem. We have a security team. We will spot any of these long-haired hackers in the parking lot. Sorry. Okay, simple geometry here. You're on the ground at sea level. The horizon's three miles away. We're up on a hill in Berkeley. Our horizon's 35 miles. They were 13. So theoretically, I was hacking them from over the horizon. Go ahead. Keep looking at your parking lots for me. I'm the black car doing 80 miles an hour by. I mean, it's... So the important part about this is why my friend had driven around the area. Like I said, we do the triangulations. We knew exactly what it was. We pointed the dish at San Francisco, marked down all the MAC addresses that we discovered, cross-referenced the database, so I knew the remote location, typed into the GPS, over 13 miles, no problem. And he did some similar things another day, break in 20. Sorry. This is the view from Matt and I had up on the hills. Those of you familiar with Berkeley, this is the Campanile, this is the old Berkeley campus. That's Emeryville.  Got the Bay Bridge, and of course San Francisco. Nice little view there, and this is really scary. Can you see the buildings in San Francisco? Yes. Well, we could barely see them. We had access to every one of their lands. It was actually... We were going to set it up to show you. We actually have a tripod mount for the whole dish. Really hot. White did a really good job on that. But with this, I was actually holding up the dish, pointing across it, and Matt's reading off the data. Literally, every time the thing moved even half a degree, we got another land. Pigs in a barrel. That's myself holding up the dish. The dish was really cheap, only 80 bucks. Antenna systems you can buy as low as 30, I believe. He paid the price. No, not always. Now that the ISPs are going out of business, cheap hardware. Here's Wyatt modeling the Yaggy system, which didn't work as well as planned. That's a 15 dB Yaggy. It's okay for direction finding, but not for long-distance snooping.  The 15 dB Yaggy just doesn't cut it. One other thing, I always have your portable power supply.  Enough to power your laptop for three or four hours.  Now, the next thing we're doing, the way people get asked, well, how do you secure things? Well, the way you secure things typically is to turn off beacons.  That's going to stop 80 or 90% of the people trying to hack into your system. The only way to really secure a site these days is to basically set up a DMZ zone, only allow IP sec through. The routers of the DMZ or the firewall of the DMZ only allow IP sec connections and authentication, and that has to be a wireless network. Other than that, you're screwed. Unless you're willing to open up free networks, in fact, I'm going to drag Matt up here in a second so we can, a little bit later, so we can talk about the idea of free networks. Yeah, he's like, look at me. Yeah, right, Pete, thanks. But the next generation we're talking about is the prism, well, there's various chips available. The prism two chips are really fun. They're drivers for ARINET, they're patches for FreeBSD. I'm talking to a friend to commit them to the tree right now. Prism cards. We'll get to that in a second. But basically, with these cards, most hardware places don't let you read the packets, especially the web packets. It turns out with the prism cards, you can.  All this stuff over here is doing is reporting all the AP beacons that it sees.  It hasn't been held up in court yet, but there's an argument. If you're transmitting a beacon saying, hi, here's an access point, talk to me, and I receive it, am I legal? Actually, it's debated. Receiving your IP packets is a different story, but actually just intercepting your beacons and logging it is still open. Yeah, tell them, yeah. So, effectively, what we're doing next is actually in about two or three months, I was actually hoping to do it by DefCon, but a friend gave me tickets to London, and I got really drunk, so I didn't write the code. But effectively, we're putting out some code, it's going to basically do all the prism, there's always some prism dump stuff out. In fact, do a search for prism dump, and you can do some of these things. Use some of that as a base, do a nice little utility that works under Unix that does all the right things, but your network will not be able to hide. Okay? Now, anybody can do this with a Loosen card. Again, we'll show you next number some more. Next.  Let's repeat. Oh yeah, this is a fun one. Now, for those of you who did bother installing software, we just have the standard Loosen stuff installed. You don't need special software. Any Windows machine with Loosen card could work. Set your SID to any.  And this is a picture that I got from Matt. He was standing on Fremont Market, which is one of the center of business section, and those amount of available networks. I believe what Matt was telling me when he ran Etherpeak, I believe, the first time on that sidewalk, the Etherpeak crashed from all the packets. That much data. And if you're not seeing people with no idea what they're doing, because everybody's set up on the same frequency. So basically, people are setting it up. They have no idea if there's somebody else next to them. None of them are getting a decent bandwidth. But literally, the standard, you know, this is already installed on your Windows machine. It'll tell you what networks are around.  You don't need a GPS. You just walk down the street. And by the way, the casinos have wireless LANs. Yeah. Now, statistics. This is the fun part. This is why I'm doing this. I'm doing some statistical generation of things. And I'm trying to find out, you know, what is the problem? What else is going on in the world? And what's going on? Well, so far I've spent, well, many a day and afternoon. Usually get a friend who's good to talk to. We take turns driving. I kind of as fond as my friends out back, because so much room in that thing, lots of power plugs. And you got two sunroofs for extra antennas. I currently got about 1,500 APs located in the Bay Area. This is not enough for a good statistical, you know, those of you who stayed awake during statistics in school, this is not enough of a sample. But I'm working on it. But so far it's a scary part. You know, over 85% don't use encryption. Those running web usually use a default key. Default keys are 10, 11, 12, 13, or 1111. Zam, if you run him around here. He has a nice little file actually. He's built quite nice of statistics of all the different APs. What the default SID is for that type of card or AP. What the encryption type is. The data Pete just talked about is archived on the Wisconsin 2,600.org web server slash media horror slash NF0 slash wireless contains all sorts of things from Dane County and around Milwaukee, including a few hospitals who probably shouldn't have patients staying there anymore. Didn't you mention a better network connection to the hospital that you do at home? How many hops were they from above that? How many hops were they from above that? A place that does medical imaging in Madison is like two hops from above that. They appear to have some insane pipe to their office. They just do video creation. I'm sorry. There's a place in Madison we found. I don't remember the URL. I want to say it was illustrated ideas or something like that.  Trace writing from the network, it was two or three hops from above that. From my laptop, I could hit things in six to seven milliseconds in a parking lot faster than I could from the DS3 at the university. It was okay. I would not complain. He's pretty much doing the same thing I'm doing but in his area. One last thing. The file Pete talked about is called defaultsid.txt. I've been keeping a versioning history of this.   Just give it a shot. It's in just media horror slash info slash wireless. Funny stuff in there. Until recently, anybody have a home links to SAP?  Home links to SAPs don't have a password. So we'll get back to statistics. Basically, some people barely running web. Most of you use default keys. You run to a network running web. Key one is 10, 11, 12. Key two is 20, 21, 22. Trust me, it'll work a lot of the time. Don't bother trying to crack the web. You guess it most of the time. Most of them are wide open. You won't believe how many BGP packets and RIP packets I see driving down the street. Basically, if you're seeing BGP over that, that means you're next to one of the core routers talking to another core router, and their AP is in a place where their pants are down. We all know about routing protocols.   They'll never figure it out. And don't even think that the AP is going to, my MAC address can tell you anything.  It's kind of a running joke that barrier wireless users group, because people report, yeah, we saw you drive by, you popped up on our list. It's a running joke. Assistics, here's the top 10 SIDs. I notice they're all defaults, Waveland Network, Air Wave, that's Cisco. By the way, would you see any of these as a SID? That means they didn't bother changing it, which means they probably didn't change many other things, like the password or the web key or any other default configurations. The Apple airport with the hex afterwards, those are basically people with Macintoshes with the card in it running in AP mode. Based on the SIDs and other things, SIDs are basically not using weapons stuff, 60% of APs are running in the default configuration. Five years, okay, this is what I've stumbled upon recently, I think it's really interesting. We all know about Dan Farmer's, he even has his pants down, you know, paper he put out. We show that 60% of machines on the internet are vulnerable of those 60%, 40% are just like outright wide open. That's well known paper, it's been published way too often. I did the war dialing thing, exact same statistics. So now, doing this other stuff, I find the exact same statistics. Which means we're looking at a constant here, go on. Results agree, 60% show signs of weakness, 33% have problems and holes. This shows we have a constant insecurity. In other words, companies say, oh we get on the internet, we're going to be insecure.  I show there's more ways of breaking the computer through dial up than there is over the internet after time. So Dan Farmer has shown that most machines are wide open on the internet. I'm shown they're open on dial up and wireless. I'm talking to some other people who are going to start taking better statistics and showing that they're wide open via physical audits. And if we could show a comment of 60%, it's no longer the fact that internet gives you security problems, or dial ups give you security problems. It's just 60% of companies are insecure. We know this, but they're not going to listen until we prove it. So if I wireless survey, show same numbers, as I said, it basically infers a definitive constant. Those of you who are heavily into security feel this is actually a really juicy thing because when you're right, you basically respond to RFPs and stuff like that. You can convince them to pay you lots of money because they have problems. Now I hear some, I guess, I can if you guys. We generated some maps. These maps were a little bit skewed as we were working on it. That's San Francisco. That was a 25 minute drive. I was with a, actually, I think that's the drive where me and Kevin Paulson basically jumped in the car for about an hour and just spun around and literally, well, we've spent about 25 minutes driving around. It was about an hour total on the road, but most of the state was collected literally within half an hour.  It's really not funny. Next, here's another drive to get different areas. I get some really good ones in here. I can't really see all the SIDs, but literally, I was driving around London and got the exact same statistics except where I had SIDs like Brittany Spears. I don't understand that one. Here's yet another map of even more data. Yeah, that's it. Actually, some of these were there. Actually, a lot of these were actually transmitting from here, but it was such a clean signal path that they were appearing here. I drove around for, I guess, mostly afternoon, actually, but why didn't I concentrate on areas that I hadn't hit before, which were, I guess, upper-middle class that didn't have too many wireless access that were driving through the parks and stuff, but we still got quite a few just by driving around. And one thing about driving around and collecting these things, you'll find networks where you don't expect them. In this area, okay, you've got, the hate right here is loaded. In fact, this does not do justice. It puts the first 64 networks on the map. But it doesn't make a difference because they all go on top of each other anyway. The hate's really crowded. You walk down the hate, not actual hate, but page or call went on the side. It's like two or three networks per block.  Now, around here is what's called South of Market. That's where the old dot-com things where you couldn't find a place but now all of a sudden all the dot-comers failed. But you still drive around that area you'd think is where the start-up places are. Even when the start-up places were there, the word of that many wireless networks. It's kind of weird. Matt's is there, but he likes it there. Matt actually has an open AP for people to actually openly use stuff, but he'll talk about that later. So driving around here, here's a cool little trip, I think. I think this is actually the first time I drove around. I'm still looking at Valley. I might recognize some companies. I love Ed's tech office. I'm not sure if the numbers showed up here or not. Dernsville, Nokia, Waveland. There's actually some serious funding, some capital venture companies I found. It's kind of scary. Mind you, these are mostly along the freeway, so the majority of these are just me just driving on the freeways at high speed. Now, this opens up another big question. What's free? Matt, myself, a lot of other people, Cliff, believe that we should make an effort to set up free open lands. But how do you tell what's free? What scenario do I bring you? You're right. Okay. Starbuck's is now offering a pay-per-use wireless access. Okay, walking to Starbuck's, you know, you start, set your ID to any, you're in Starbuck's, you're typing away, checking your email, you're paying way too much for access, it's not enough.  Now, you're doing your traffic through the corporation land across the street. What if they have a clue and figure out what you're doing? You get arrested. Do you try to break into the network? No.  And you get arrested. There's no problem here, isn't it? And that's one of the things you have to deal with, and it's actually still a lot to talk about. Aaron Peterson wrote all of the scripting software, no relation to Matt. Too bad Aaron can't make it out here this year. Cal, who's probably wandering around here somewhere drunk, helped me a lot with Linux drivers and getting them stuff to even compile in there. Everybody knows how much I hate Linux, so it made him work on it for me. Wyatt is an awesome guy. He turns large pieces of metal into small pieces of metal. We were going to set it up, but we got a little bit lazy. A counterweight drops into this. We actually had that big parabolic dish set up on a tripod. The whole thing weighs just a little over 10 pounds. Boom, boom, boom, you set up, you can hack into somebody 15 miles away. Oh yeah, and two things to point out. Check out Bay Area Wireless Uses Group. It seems to be the center of a lot of wireless information. We're working on doing things. Matt will describe some of the features that are going to be coming up with. And of course, at Distorg, at WI, I have a better page of the information, but right now I just put my scripts up for free. I encourage people to go around, map out networks. If you actually do a decent job mapping out the network, I would love that as my database so I have better statistics. I don't want to just like, oh yeah, in my town I found one or two from walking around. No, I actually need a decent demographic analysis with the GPS locations. I'll feed into the data, and we'll have much better statistics. So while your internet wants to be free, yes? Redmond? I don't know. When I drive that direction again. What's that? Sure. Matt, do you want to talk about B-Wulger? Actually, you're talking about hinting the other things like Redmond and stuff like that. I'm a virus. I'm not actually just Pete's space bar boy here. After Pete started working on this, I had quite recently bought a 1974 VW bus, which is actually a perfect vehicle for doing things like this because it's got a lot of space. The windows are very easily to tent at, you know, limousine black, and there's a lot of room for a lot of people with laptops. It's also one of the few vehicles that's actually designed to hold another large battery. So we're installing a deep-cell marine battery in the back. We hooked up 110 converters and put in 110 plugs throughout the whole back seat and near the table in the front seat, with all the other portable converters mounting directional... I think that's bad show about the Y-Aid's vehicle.  How inconspicuous is that? I think that's about it. You should check out Y-Aid's Bronco tube. The only problem is, he basically Titaniced it at the last Burning Man, and he's still thinking he's still full of mud. The car is actually half underground. We also installed just installed a big huge table there that we can use as a workstation. We're installing antennas on the top making a lot of them look like cell phone antennas and so forth. But basically, in a nutshell, I can have four people scanning and doing whatever they would want. I'm assuming they're going to be playing Doom while I'm driving? That's just my guess. But it's designed and I can cruise around. Now, if anyone's getting familiar with the VW Bus, they really don't go much faster than about 65 miles per hour with a good tailwind. So it's really a great vehicle for this. Except for the unleaded smell you get from the engine in the back. Environmental terrorists. VW's, by the way, put out more pollution in almost every other car on the road. So I'm doing my part for the economy, you know? You know? So we started designing this and putting it together. And then what we're going to do is set up with a laptop in the back so no matter where I'm going, if I'm going to the grocery store, the laptop in starts to scan. You know, and before Wednesday when I got light off, I was actually doing a 150 mile commute all over the place, back and forth from home to work. So the idea here is is I'm going to work as I'm cruising around as I'm sitting there. Because of the battering I'm putting in there, the laptop can actually stay on while I'm at work just kind of waiting for things to happen and off we go. And then I'm going to be turning that data over to Pete and he says, especially since I'm in the Sacramento area. So if you're in Sacramento and you have a wireless network, God bless you. So before I move on a little bit, any questions, General? No engine noise problems. We're talking 2.4 gigahertz as opposed to a couple kilohertz. Oh, he was asking if there was any problem with engine noise? Negative, no. And also shielding is really easy to do with aluminum foil. Actually anything you use is going to be shielded by a lot of people. What are those? WWDsorgs.wi or WL. It's in there. We'll double check it in a second. Yeah? Repeat the question. Stealthy antenna. You mean like this? Oh, yeah. This is more than enough dB. No problem. You really don't want high dB antenna because the way the best way to explain dB, if you don't know it, is a light bulb is 1 dB. You put a reflector underneath it. It's 2 dB. So the higher dB of your antenna means the less area is sensitive to. So when you have a omnidirectional high dB antenna, it can only see for a small plate like view around it. So literally as you walk by, he works a critical path. As you go, critical path is an AP available to the public. As I approach critical path, you get a good signal. As I get within a block or two, I lose most of the signal because they're above me and my antenna doesn't have much vertical reception. So if you're driving around, you want your antenna to be 5 or 8 dB. And by the way, this is a nice little 5 dB antenna. Is that stealth enough? That has been in your pocket right there. Sure. Can you speak up? We can't hear you.  Any sniffer program? TCP dump? What? W-I-Ctrl-N. W-I-Ctrl-N. Yeah, windows will do it. Literally. MAC address based security is not. Yeah, so the windows or unix, you literally just, and if configured, change your MAC address. Yes, really. When I war drive, my MAC address is dead, dead, dead. Make it easy for people. No, MAC addresses are easily faked and modified. So, yeah, even in windows, you can actually go in the control panel and test that out. It's pretty easy to do. Basically, anybody with any networking skills or knowledge actually knows that. I'll just be nice. Okay, so... All right, we already have it set up right here. Okay, everybody know what the control panel is under windows? We're not up there. We got it. We have a special session tomorrow on changing your IP address with windows GUIs. Okay, this is actually under unix right here, but, yeah, we can show you how to do it under windows too. But literally, just type in the command and you change it. They want to see the windows control panel. All right, they want to play with windows. Okay. What are you doing running windows playing Doom? I run it for PowerPoint. I run it for PowerPoint. I don't run windows. These guys do. Basically, you can go in the control panel and I'm working on it right now, but any operating system that supports the wireless cards, whether it's Linux, windows, Macintosh, they all let you spoof the Mac address. The reason they let you do that is because if you set web keys and also on your access point as a security mechanism, your access point administrator can say, okay, I don't want to deal with web. So instead, I'm going to list, you know, these three good guys for windows. All right, so all the drivers have always let you change that for that reason. So what's nothing spoofed? There's no hacks. There's no diffs. You go into your control panel. We're doing it right now.  I don't know his last name. He's in the Bay Area. He hasn't actually come to any meeting. He just emails me updates, and it's like, cool.  I actually can do it with this card. I know. I don't have the Lucent drivers installed. We need the Lucent drivers installed to actually do it. Hold on, he's going to put it on here, but he's got the Lucent drivers installed. I don't have a Lucent card installed. He doesn't have a Lucent card installed, so it's harder to do on this. Keep your shirt on. I can't believe you guys don't believe you can't change addresses. We just did it five times. We just did it on the Unix system a couple of times here. This is amusing. Yeah, he didn't put the drivers on. Not on that system. All right, watch. Blue screen of death.  Oh, yeah. Hey, Mojo, did you bring Baby's first ball gag? If you buy an Apple iMac, you have worse problems than changing your Mac address. Remember, friends don't let friends buy Mac. Unless they're Airports, or you need a boat anchor. Okay, I've been talking about companies that have open access that don't realize they're doing it. There's a lot of people who have access that want to grant. At my house, there's an AP. I have AP outside my firewall. I don't have web turned on, and I have a default SID. Why? Because I want my neighbors to have free internet access. That's nothing. I only put out a few milliwatts. Matt had actually gone for it. He actually is on top of his house in Hayward, with Cliff in... You tell him. I'm a wireless person, not a security person. I'm coming from a little bit of a different perspective. This isn't my day job, so I just try to have fun with this stuff. Essentially, you can do a lot of fun things with it. You can build these public mans. I'm trying to get the presentation going up here, but I've got a very slow computer here. This is not obviously Windows. I'm not going to do the full presentation because this is not a wireless specific event. This is obviously a security event, so it's not appropriate. Essentially, we've got a presentation that talks about the basics of 802.11 and what our mission is. I just want to show one slide here if I can find it. Let me take a second here. This is the typical presentation we do for people that are like, what's wireless and what have we done that's been a burning man before? This is how I got kind of addicted to this stuff. So let's let me sec here. What's interesting to note is there's different wireless cards that have different firmware in it. What's nice about it is that one of the first cards that came out was the bay card. I don't really know about this, but this is the Prism 1 chip set. If you look at the drivers in FreeBSD, you'll note that all the drivers deal with 802.11 in a raw mode. It's a really nice device to do sniffing. There's a group in Berkeley that did a web advisory. This is the card that they used. This is a bay networks card. I think it's 60 bucks. It's some surplus places down in the valley. You can get them on eBay. What's nice is this has got the Prism 1 chip set. Then what happened is the people at Intercell got their asses slapped and they made Prism 2. And if you're looking at Prism 2, you've got a couple different designs. Which is your d-links and your link sys and that sort of thing. These are very generic cards. What's nice about them is you can actually hack external connectors to them. Some of them are 30 milliwatts. Some are 50 milliwatts. These are really nice. They have a different firmware, which is a reference firmware. The Orinoco cards have their own firmware. They basically bought Prism 2, and did their own thing with it. What's nice about their cards is they have different ways of hacking connectors. But these cards are really cheap. They're like 80 bucks at fries now. So if you're ready to get this back. No big deal. If you're driving around, you need an external connector. And for GPS, the Mighty Mouse 2 GPS antenna. Give you a link, even in tall cities. Now even more exciting is Aeronet, which Cisco bought out about a year ago. Aeronet was an Ohio based company. This card is 100 milliwatts. And what's nice about it is they've taken the firmware to the next step. The firmware is really cracked out, but it's really powerful in the sense that they can do bridging in repeater mode. And it's a really sweet card, because the 100 milliwatts makes a difference. You saw the screen capture of the I guess the Orinoco control panel in downtown San Francisco. With this card, I found about a dozen networks. With this card, I found about 40. It does make a difference. And in the case of my house, I've got an omnidirectional antenna on the chimney. I'm obviously roaming around inside of the house. It's a big improvement. I get the five bars instead of three. Not that I run Windows. This is the Cisco 350 PCM model. They have one that does not have a built-in antenna. It's the LCM model. And it's got MMCX connectors. So you can build your own access point or obviously the ultimate war driving machine. It's really sweet because it is 100 milliwatts and you don't really need to buy an amp if you're kind of poor and whatnot. Because amps are very expensive. They're about $400 to get a one watt amp. People ask, why are we doing the Wi-Fi thing for free? And there's a lot of groups doing this. I started this after Burning Man where I built a network out there for Art Project and just anyone else to use. It did not have external internet access. A gentleman by the name of John Gilmore, if you've ever heard of Sun Microsystems or EFF, that sort of thing. He brings internet out there. He builds his network. We build our network. Ours is a little bit more reliable because we don't have to deal with that internet foo. People have got Art Projects and there's a neat project called SPIN and essentially SPIN is an LED thing that's spinning around and it's an optical illusion. This guy made this big fancy visual basic software where you can make your own animation, you can make stars, and you can make a Pac-Man thing. It was great and all, but no one downloaded the software and sent him animations. So on Plyonet this year at Burning Man, you'll be able to go to a kiosk booth on an X terminal and type in your message so that's really the goal of Plyonet. But we did that. I came back to the Bay Area and Wired and all these companies were attacking me and say, hey, we need an interview. What are you guys doing?  It's Burning Man. Everything out there is illegal. That sort of thing. Yeah, exactly. We did have one-watt apps. I won't say what the game of the antenna was. The FCC speculates how much radiated energy they don't specify how many watts your amplifier is or how good things are. So basically they care about how much radiated energy. So if you're at the full maximum wattage of your amplifier and a really, really good antenna, you're illegal. Exactly. There's other groups doing this. Baywook is very generic. We're focused obviously primarily on H11B because it's cheap, it's really fun to deploy. Bluetooth, we don't even talk about it. It's dead. Home RF is coming down the pipe but this stuff is so cheap. In the next six months, it's going to be a whole other ballgame. You're going to have laptops that already have this built in. You've got PDAs that have this already. What's great about Baywook is since we're not saying that we're building a specific network, we attract a pretty diverse crowd. So we've got ham operators. We've got VCs. And we usually have about five or six stealth start-ups that are specific to H11B and A. And they talk to me. And I don't sign NDAs. What's nice about it is that they've got a lot of neat products coming out.  There's going to be Linux solutions. APs are going to be a lot more cheaper. It's just getting better and better and better. And obviously, war driving is pretty exciting in the sense that there's more and more networks are just being deployed everywhere. After that first article about the war driving stuff, you won't believe how much email I got, how many people were responding to it. And whose good idea was to leave the vodka up here? There's some interesting projects going on. This is an antenna hack where they've got a Primestar dish and a tin can. This, however, is not the best hack I've seen. The guys in Spassible, O'Reilly, everyone's heard of those books. There's a project called NoCat.net. That's N-O-C-A-T.net as in NoCat 5 involved. They essentially have a Pringles can with an end connector. So it's a lot cheaper than this. The connector is the most expensive part. Building networks is pretty interesting at how that works. I'm going to try to bring up an image here that you can see. Here's the frequencies, obviously, the ones that don't overlap. Let's see if we can get this link here. This is going across the bay between my house and Hayward there. San Jose is down at the bottom. This is land San Francisco and Millbray. This is a 20-mile link. Originally we were using Intel 2011 access points, which are really kind of sweet because they do something called WLAN mode. They can be an access point and a land bridge at the same time. The problem is that they don't do this too well. If they lose their link, they just reboot in the cycle. So they're not very good for doing bridges long-term. So now we're switching with WAP-11s, which are $200. If you get firmware that got accidentally released, you can do bridging with them. So now you're looking at about $200 for the access point that you can do bridge mode on. You get your pigtail and you've got your antenna and you've got a point-to-point link for less than $500. This didn't exist a couple years ago. You had projects like SFLAN and the Presidio that was using your frequency hopping equipment and Breezecom equipment and whatnot. This stuff has gotten so much cheaper and the price is really dropping. If you're doing Baywug or NoCAD or NLIC Wireless, you can do it with yourself. If you've got DSL and your friend down the street as outside of the DSL zone and you can see each other, set up a link. It's quite simple to do and the price is dropping on it. One of the things that's interesting is calculating is this link going to work? So there's some commercial software which is pretty expensive to do path analysis. Obviously, it's not in the I can't afford that, that's for sure. You can do kind of a, this is the access point first in Folsom in San Francisco. I didn't take that picture. This is kind of the getaway of doing how, where does it cover? So we're just walking around, clicking scan and then we took a map and draw it out. This is the coverage with a 15 DBI omnie with an aeronet access point of 100 milliwatts. I wanted to show the picture, I guess we don't have the picture of a terrain navigator. That's really, real quickly some of the stuff that we're working on. Tim Posar is another guy involved with the Baywog. There's a lot of other groups in different areas throughout the country. On the west coast, you're looking at BC Wireless up at the top, Seattle Wireless. Personal Telco is personaltelco.net. They're in Portland. Spassible up at O'Reilly. Bay Area Wireless user group is throughout the Bay Area. I think there's a group in San Diego moving more towards the east coast. You've got NYC Wireless and many other projects popping up. What's really happening is people are really excited about this technology and they're saying, how do I get rid of my DSL and join this big man and all that type of stuff. In reality, this stuff wasn't designed to create a man. It wasn't designed to compete with Ricochet. It was designed to build buildings or to put an access point in a room around in your conference room. We're really pushing the limits with this. The access point vendors don't like us doing that. We're going to the next step where we're buying cards, we're hacking antennas and we're looking at getting old 46s and Linux boxes, FreeBSD, whatever and building our own routers and that sort of thing. Our mission probably within the next six months is really cookie-cuttering this thing out in the sense that you'll be able to buy this motherboard that's stripped down, these CMCA slots and it's got its mini PCI and it's got its compact flash and its console and you download this software, it's got the cap, the portal and it's good to go and you get this card and here's how you hack it and this guy in your area has an LMR 400 crimper. Boom, boom, boom. You're good to go. That's really what we're moving to here and a lot of people ask us, well, what's going to happen when we do this? We don't really know. It's very organic. It's just like the internet. Different projects are doing different things at different points within New York and basically you can go to, as I like to say, you can go to like a donut shop and you can get your access for free and you're welcome to use that network and we're working on different ways of okay, you can put the SSID as call it free network or whatever and the reality is is that people are going to pop onto your network and to be secure, you can't just put a simple firewall in between so we're looking at doing like snort and IDS and kind of reversing the firewall methodology so it's a big project to do this because none of the stuff exists. The manufacturers are really confused right now. What do we do? We're selling these $200 links or people will put it home and now these free wireless people are building networks. What do we do? Cisco right now has a major problem because all these dot bombs are dying. All their switches and their routers you can buy at surplus auctions and the only thing they're selling right now is all back order and they don't know why people are buying them so much. They don't know where this market share is going to. I'm not bullshitting. Cisco people come to our meetings and like whoa, what are you guys doing? So it's really interesting what they're looking at. They made a good, definitely good acquisition of Aeronet from Ohio last year. That was a good plan. This is just real quickly, that was my kind of quick overview of the slideshow. Like I said, Baywog.org wireless.net you've got personal telco nocat.net the list goes on. Probably around November, October we're going to work on a wireless summit somewhere in the Bay area where it will be kind of formed like this like a workshop type environment. How do you build that Pringles can antenna? How do you do war dialing? How do you build antennas? Big kind of omidirectional antennas. What's the best access point to buy? So this is definitely a movement that people should be aware of. And I think that people a little bit scared by the media of saying, oh, Peter's driving around and he's war dialing and that's all bad. Well, it's really useful for us to get the statistical information to see what's out there, because then we can approach these companies and say, hey, buy it away X microsystems. You guys make those great computers there. Your network's not very secure. Why don't you put this out in the DMZ? All the major firewall companies in the Bay Area have open wands. Actually, no, sorry, it's cut you off a little bit. We've got about five more minutes so we might as well answer a few more questions. Right there. So the question is, how do we deploy a network in parts of San Francisco to cover all of San Francisco? From an RF standpoint, and I'm not an RF person, I'm not a ham or anything, it's really hard to do it right now because if you go to certain places in downtown San Francisco, there's already 40 access points you can hear in the default configuration with the default channel. Half of them are using channel one or channel 11. It would take a lot of coordination to pull that off. The problem is that this stuff is not really designed to do repeating and whatnot. You'd literally have to pull a T1 in to each location. So what we're suggesting is basically the bandwidth's already there at these companies. Let's give them a Linux box that's got DMZ in a box and they can do it. That's not our immediate goal right now. We're looking at more getting that software made, getting that box made instead of covering all of San Francisco city. It would take a lot of work and effort. There are some stuff startups that are proposing that, but it's really hard because the only wireless companies right now, like Mobile Star that's got the Starbucks thing and Wayport and those other ones, they're not making money and we're not in it for the money, so we're not going anywhere. Here's a map of New York, by the way. Starbucks. The blue dots are where we drove, the red dots are where we hit Starbucks network and the crosses are where the Starbucks actually are. Obviously we haven't covered everything in Manhattan, but we've hit 1,400 base stations already. All right, questions. A good trick when war driving? Take the bus. I'm not kidding, it's just efficient, get back, get drunk. All right, question. Mass transportation like Barge is a lot of fun. What? Was the percentage of the corporate networks were hitting while war driving? Encrypted. 18% maybe. That's it. Ontario and New York said it's a lot more in New York. We're looking at 75 to 85 in the finance area. I don't know, Bechtel in San Francisco is wide open. Questions. London is pretty fertile also. Got it right there. Tons. Incredible amounts. I'm very sure there's a lot of people, a lot of other people's networks, they don't know it. In addition, we have two APs in the same channel. They're going to stumble over each other and reduce your efficiency by in half at least. This has been demonstrated by the network at this event. The network is first set up around here. Maybe next year we'll come back and we'll set it up. It's really hard to set up a wireless network when you've got kiddies are spoofing all night. Question over here. This is the best place for access. Over wireless. The tent. Also the bar downstairs is pretty good. And it takes two purposes. The drink. Any other questions? Got any at the front? After this we'll probably walk down to the bar so if you buy us a beer we'll answer more questions. Wide open. I really want to take my BW bus to Washington D.C. You're already in this capital of California, state capital. I'm at the state capital of California right now and that's going to be entertainment value 101. So, is that it for questions? All right, one more. Speak louder. At that frequency I don't have to detect any Doppler programs. I'm really effective around 40, 45 miles an hour. I've done efficient scans around 80 miles an hour. And it's not going to affect my bus at all. So I think that's it for questions. I think we're running out of time. Thanks. I'd just like to make a one recommendation to no one in specific but a good book they should probably read is Networking for Dummies.


Holger Runa vs Felix Ozealia Seem is the first semi-final of the men's tournament in Paris for 2022. Both guys have had similar rows to get to the final stage. Runa started the tournament off unseated and will take on Stan Vavrinck at the veteran in the first round. And after losing the first set, he had to come back and fight for the win, eventually beating Stan in 3, 4, 6, 7, 5, 7, 6. In the second round, Runa will take on the number 10 seed, Hercatch, who's playing for an A2B final spot. But Runa would take out Hercatch and take out his chances of making the A2B finals, winning in straight sets, 7, 5, 6, 1. In the third round, he'd take on another player who was playing for an A2B final spot, number 7 seed, Rubelev. And again, Runa was not intimidated by a top 10 guy, beating Rubelev in straight sets, 6, 4, 7, 5, to advance to the quarterfinals. In the quarterfinals, Runa would take on the world number 1 and top seed, Carlos Alcaraz. And after taking out the first set and pushing Alcaraz to a tie break, Alcaraz would eventually have to retire through injury, 6-3, 6-all, retirement. Ozealia seemed to enter the tournament as the 8th seed and would get a buy in the first round. In the second round, he would fight against a qualifier, Ema. The first time in a long time, he was in trouble and had to fight in the third set in a long match, eventually prevailing 6-7, 6-4, 7-6, 8-6 in the tie break. In the third round, he'd take on the wild card and French veteran, Jules Samon, who'd been very impressive during the week beating Murray and Fritz. But Ozealia seemed to have no problems sending Samon into retirement, 6-1, 6-3, to advance to the quarterfinals. In the quarterfinals stage, Ozealia seemed to have to take on the number 16 seed, Tiafo, who'd been having a good couple of months himself. But unfortunately, Tiafo couldn't play well against this Felix. And FAA got through 6-1, 6-4 to his first pair of semi-finals. These guys have actually only played once in their careers. And it was actually this time last week, it was a straight set to win for Felix back then. We all know that Felix in great form, but also Runa in a little bit of under-the-radar form, having made a couple of finals in a row. If Runa's going to win, he needs to do what he did against Elcaraz. Not be scared, be fearless, go after it, come to the net and keep the variety as well. Keep Felix guessing and also move him around a bit, because I'm sure that Felix is feeling tired after winning 3 tournaments in a row and playing a lot this week. If FAA's going to win, he's going to have to again use that forehand and the serve combination. Now he wasn't playing great against Tiafo. There were a lot of errors in that match. He needs to clean that up when he does play against Runa, because Runa's not going to let him get away with as many errors as Tiafo let him get away with. This is a very interesting match and I think we're all asking, when is FAA going to get tired? I don't think it's going to be in this match though. I think he's going to make the final. He's going to beat Runa in three sets. I think Runa's going to take a set off him, but I think it's going to be the same result as last week. So I'm going to go with FAA in three to make his first final in Paris. But let me know down in the comments below. Who do you think is going to win this one?


Hey everybody, welcome back to We Can Geek Them Geo here and today we're going to talk about the Brave Tuber from Takahito Ozaki. So the Brave Tuber, I have to admit the only reason I know about this series and own it is because back in 2020 I was browsing through book outlet and I noticed that they had manga in a clearance section. Now I hadn't bought from them ever so I gave it a go and I noticed that one of the series that was on sale was the Brave Tuber for I think $2 per volume. So it took me a little bit because of life but I finally gave it a go and I know I'm super late on this and it's not necessarily the most popular manga to be honest. I totally understand that but I still wanted to talk about it. My goal for this year 2022 is I want to make review videos of every single manga that I own and by that I mean series not individual volumes because that would be pretty insane. But yeah, I'm starting not in a particular order just randomly off the shelf and I looked at it the other day and I thought, you know what, let's talk about the Brave Tuber.  As you can see I have the first two volumes right here. I'm going to pick this one up which is pretty interesting because for some reason these books always confuse me because the front cover goes like this and it looks like a screen from your YouTube browser which is immediately eye-catching if not a little bit distracting and silly at the same time. So like I mentioned at the beginning of the video this is a series created by Takahito Ozaki and I forgot to mention that it is illustrated by Ikuro. So the story follows the character of Zane who's this holy sword wielder and the character of Kuku who is the spirit of the holy sword. Resides outside of the actual sword and she interacts with everybody in the world and for fun the two of them decided to create videos for WizTube which is this world's version of YouTube. Now there's also Witter which is their version of Twitter and stuff like that and that is the main hook of this series. Yes it's a fantasy action comedy but it also has technology and social media and that is really fun because you have two characters that aren't necessarily the best at what they do but gosh darn it are they going to try and succeed at making videos and becoming hit uh WizTubers if you will and it's all too relatable if you make content online whether it's Twitter whether you're on Instagram or YouTube or whatever platform you decide to create content for I found it really relatable and enjoyed their trials and tribulations in the story as they're trying to become the next big hit and gain subscribers and go with the trend and use what's popular and they cover a lot of stuff from review type videos to animal videos to footage like vlogs all the different sub-genres of YouTube videos I think the most important ones get covered in in here even the whole VTuber craze is covered here with shape-shifting abilities from mages and witches and stuff like that which I thought was pretty cool and the fact that yeah it is sort of this epic fantasy world and they somehow have technology and electricity to run computers camp quarters and and just have a working internet is really hilarious now aside from that unfortunately the series doesn't really offer much when it comes to character development and plot it's more of a slice of life of these two characters as they're trying to become the big uh you know social media influencer and yes there is a bit of backstory just a tiny little bit sprinkled throughout but nothing major and you just you can just go in blind and enjoy these characters adventures as they're trying to do the crazy thing and what's interesting is that in other series that might have been detrimental to the story here even though we only have I think it was 13 chapters total it works for what it is it's it's their one trick pony and it doesn't need anything else because it's a really strong friggin pony having this clash of internet culture and memes and jokes and references to social media and the online world with like streaming and video reviews and stuff like that and of course clashing it with tropes of fantasy series and anime and manga really making it a memorable quirky little slice of life comedy now i don't consider myself a big time social media creator or none of that i just do this as my main hobby i love creating content and that's it but i think even with my uh miniscule subscriber account i kind of do consider myself a youtuber and so it kind of hit close to home and i found it really funny on that aspect there are a lot of characters that have different types of channels so it's always interesting at the end of each chapter to read over their stats and their subscriber accounts and all that stuff and i don't know just overall a really fun innovative take on both genres that i mentioned and how the author mashed it all together unfortunately the character development is zero to none and there is some subplot about the demon lord and how zane wants to defeat him because he is the chosen warrior and all that stuff but nobody really knows who he is nobody really likes him and his common section is just stragglers and haters and it's when he occasionally has success by introducing other elements and other characters that pop up later in the in the manga uh that you want to root for them but then realize that they're kind of inept and silly and you're just in it for the ride and enjoy uh the crazy antics and all that stuff zane is this one note character he has this dead stare that everybody makes fun of and just um he just wants to defeat the demon lord and earn some views and cash and be a hero but there's not a whole lot there kuku on the other hand she is much more energetic and she's the brains of the operation she's a lot more likable i guess and there are other characters presented as well which i thought were pretty funny but for the main duo they're kind of one note and that's sort of the joke because uh that's that's it their one note character is trying to make it big on the uh online whiz tube space which is pretty funny because we've all been there right now at only two volumes uh the story is pretty brief and by the final chapter i was wondering how the heck are they going to wrap it up and i thought it was pretty a pretty nice send off to these characters i had no idea that this received an anime adaptation i completely uh skipped over that one so i'm interested to see how that looks in animation uh the art i should mention from ikuro that's something that i was really enjoying for the most part a lot of the scenes are kind of generic but the character designs and the crazy you know movements and the whole platform that they're shooting on and just having characters holding a laptop and commenting on on social media and you have the dark lord just sitting there and watching this witch who's essentially a vtuber i thought that was pretty hilarious and really made my day so yeah it's not going to be the most memorable thing you read but it's still fun if you like uh fantasy series if you like anime and manga of course with a dose of uh social media and content creation and all that fun stuff i think you'll remember it for a little bit before you move on to something else hey i'm just being honest so that's about it gang thank you so much for tuning in if you've read the brave tuba let me know in the comment section down below what you thought of it and if you haven't what are some of your favorite uh comedic slice of life manga that you think i should check out thank you everybody once again for tuning in thank you for liking commenting subscribing and being a part of a week in geekdom i truly do appreciate it i've got to go stay safe god bless everybody thank you so much i will catch all of you on our next video