Welcome everybody to the latest ANS Nectar and RDS webinar. My name is Susanna Sabine from the Australian National Data Service, and I'm your host for today. It's my pleasure to introduce Martin, Martin Schweitzer, who if you've seen any visualisation webinars, he's helped us a few times. Martin is a data technologist with ANS in the Melbourne office. He has a background in computer science and a particular interest in visualisation, data science and user interface design. That ground includes working on large IT systems, lecturing, as well as running training courses and workshops. And Martin is currently seconded to us from the Bureau of Meteorology where he's responsible for managing the climate record of Australia. But today, he's talking about something which I knew nothing about and hope to learn a lot more. He's talking about APIs without the jargon. So Martin. Thanks very much Susanna. Good afternoon everyone. Today, among other things, we're going to be trying some of the things live. So we also have to have some fingers crossed when we do that. So web APIs, what are they? Why are they useful? Why should we be interested in them? So I was asked a question several months ago now about one of the scientists at work came to me and said, can you explain to me, I've been hearing all this stuff about web APIs. What exactly is a web API? And I knew that she was very bright. Not, I didn't have to do anything down, but she basically, she wasn't that interested in the IT part. She really wanted to know what's useful. So I had to think about how to describe what a web API is to somebody who may be not technical on the programming side. And the definition I came up with was this. It is a web page that has been optimized to be read by a computer rather than by a human. And I think that really encompasses what web APIs are all about. And I've used this definition for quite a while. Maybe it's not 100% perfect, but it's 99% perfect. And so if you want to know what a web API is, that's it. So the rest of the talk will really be elaborating on this idea and giving some examples and giving examples of how we use them, why we use them, and so on. So I'll start it with a little use case. So every morning I like to wake up half an hour before the sun rises. And of course the sun rises at different times every day. So if I want you to know what time the sun rises, one of the ways I can find out is I can visit this web page. So I'll just open this web page. And here we go. This is the Norwegian Weather Service. It shows me the weather for Melbourne. But down here we see sunrise is 7.18. So this morning the sun rose at 7.18. So that's great for me. But being a software developer, the next thing I want to do is write a little program that's going to, let's say send me a tweet on SMS half an hour before the sun rises. In other words, wake me up or give me a heads up that the sun is about to rise in half an hour. So if I want to do that, one way is to say, OK, go to this website. Look for what time the sun rises. And so we can actually view the source code or the source of this page. And if we do, there's a whole lot of stuff there. I'll just go back to the slides because it's a little bit clearer there. So what we see is someone on that page, there's the following text. I prepared the slide a while back. So that's when the sun was still rising at 6.44, not 7.18. But we see this text. So once we know that that web page contains that text, the next thing we can do is write a little program that grabs that page off the internet, looks for the text and figures out the time. So yes, the program, I wrote it in Python. And what we're going to do now is we're going to try and run this little program. So I'll just copy it. And I'm using something called Jupyter Notebook, which allows us to run programs in a web page. So here's my web page. Here's my program and a press shift and an actual program. And if all goes well, we should see 7.18. I won't explain exactly how the program works because it's not important for this. What is important though is that often it's really easy if we've got a web page to write a program that pulls something off that web page. However, as we saw before, we're actually looking for this text inside the web page. And that text has nothing to do with sunrise. It's simply how they've decided to style the web page. So if they decide today, it would be nice to put the word sunrise in bold. My program will suddenly stop working. If they decide instead of the word sunrise to make it two words, my program will suddenly stop working because it's looking for this exact text. And this is where we get onto web APIs. So let's decide we're not going to use this. We want to use a web API. I did a quick Google and I found... Sorry, it doesn't work, yes. So now I find a web API on the internet. It looks very similar. We've got a URL. The only difference or the major difference is in this case, we're giving it a latitude and longitude, which happens to be the lat and long of Melbourne. So I'll open this URL. Sorry, my new page. Let's go through it. Open link in new term. And there we go. So what we see here is similar results. We've got something called results. And we can see that all we've done is opened a web page. But in this case, the web page doesn't look nice with colors and formatting, et cetera. It's just text. In other words, it's been optimized for machine. I'll just show you what it looks like if we format it a bit. So this is the same results just formatted slightly. And what we see is we've got these curly brackets. And inside what we have are keys and values. So one of the keys is results. And inside that, we've got keys and values. So one of the keys inside that is sunrise. And there we've got a time, 8.44 p.m. So that's the first surprise. Why is it 8.44 p.m.? Well, the reason it's 8.44 p.m., we know sun doesn't rise at 8.44 p.m., is because we'll just go back to this page. We see what happened is we gave it a latitude and longitude. So it knows nothing about time zones. So what it does is it returns the time in UTC, Universal Coordinated Time. And in this case, it was 9.19 p.m. If we add 10 hours to get Melbourne's time, we get 7.19 a.m., which is the correct result. Just remember, we've got this key results. And inside the key results, we've got sunrise. And that tells us the time. So now we write a Python program to find the sunrise using our API. Yes, our API. Yes, our program. This is the URL we saw before that we're looking at. Melbourne's latitude, minus 37.734, et cetera. And this last one is the imported one. So I've got this thing that has returned, which we are called J. And you'll remember there was something inside there called results, and inside results, there was something called sunrise. So let's now run this program. I'll just copy it here. And we'll go back to our Jupyter Notebook and we'll paste it in there and we'll run it. And once again, there's probably a small rounding area there because this one gives us 7.19, whereas that one gave us 7.18. But it's close enough that we're comfortable. There's also a couple of ways in which sunrise is defined. So we now see how we can use an API and what use it is. And of course, now that we've got this API, we can substitute in any lag long. So we could go back to where we've got this API and we can go a few degrees south, let's say minus 40 south. So for Melbourne, it was 9.15. And we'll just go to this call, this web page. And sunrise is now 9.26. So as we go south in winter, the sunrise is later. So at this stage, and I've spoken about web APIs before, I often get the question, so is the web API the program that is behind this? Is it the software? Or is it the protocol? Is it that format that we saw the data in is a format that's known as JSON? So does the web API mean that it comes in JSON? Or is it the data that we're getting back with the format? Which part of this is the web API? And it's a tricky question, but what I say is it's sort of none of those specifically. And in a sense, it's all of that. So what the web API is, is it is a contract between a supplier and a consumer that a particular URL will return particular data and maybe I could add in a particular format. In other words, it's that contract that defines the API. It's saying that if you go to this URL, we'll give you back the time of sunrise in this particular format in UTC. So that's what the web API is. And of course, in order to do that, you need the software, you need the protocol, you need the data and the format, et cetera. Okay, and here's just an example that the return data, in my first example, sorry, I gave it as JSON, but people may be familiar with other formats. One other very common format is one called XML. Exactly the same results, the same sunset under that tag results. But in a different format. So the format doesn't have to be JSON and further on we'll see other examples where we return data that aren't exactly JSON.  Almost inevitably somebody says, great, we'll do a restful API. And it's become very much a buzzword. What does it mean? Well, restful is an abbreviation of representational state transfer. And the idea and the concepts will come from a dissertation which was written by Roy Fielding in 2000. And unfortunately about 90% of people who talk about restful APIs are sometimes vaguely aware of this dissertation but probably haven't read it and have heard the term restful so they know that that's a good thing and everything should be restful but don't really understand what it's all about. So the title of the dissertation was called architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures which doesn't sound like it's got much about APIs. I've got to admit I'm actually one of the people who has not read the full dissertation although I have read several parts of it a few times. So I know maybe enough to talk a little bit about it. But in this dissertation Roy Fielding came up with a number of what he called architectural constraints. And basically the first one is he talks about a client-server architecture. And so just to, if you may be familiar with the terms client-server architecture but not familiar exactly what they mean. So when we talk client-server architecture we're talking about a client and all that a client is for this purpose is the machine that's on your desktop or your mobile phone or wherever you've got your web browser running it could be your iPad or whatever, that's the client. The server simply refers to somebody else's computer which it usually and often is a very big computer somewhere. And a client-server architecture means that the client in the server, your browser and their machine, let's say Amazon.com are linked together by some kind of network and in this case it's the internet. So basically our computer is talking to their computer and their computer is talking to our computer. He also comes up with a number of other constraints. We're not going to go into them in this talk because they're all jargon and this is a talk without the jargon that he talks about things like statelessness, cashability, late system code on demand and a uniform interface. So knowing this and knowing simply talking about client-server architectures we can actually say something sensible about RESTful APIs and this is what I believe is the most important part of a RESTful interface and that is everything that is needed by the server to fulfill a request is contained in the URL. In other words, the thing that we tap at the top into the browser bar should be enough to tell the server at the other end the information we need. In other words, we saw the example earlier we want to know what time sunrise is and inside that URL we gave the address of the server and we also gave the lat-long of the place that we're interested in. So this isn't 100% accurate so this is a slightly more accurate description of RESTful interfaces. Everything that is needed by the server to fulfill a request is contained in the request. There are times when your browser will send a little bit more information to a server than you actually see in the URL and that's fine for it can still be a RESTful interface as long as each request sends exactly what it needs but the most important part is that first part the URL ideally should contain everything that is needed. So far what we've seen is just getting a single let's call it a fact the time sunrise is in Melbourne. However, a very common case and the case that from the ANS perspective that we're very interested in is getting data via an API. In other words, I've written some APIs I've written a lot for work and typically we provide data we provide lots and lots of data and our preferred method of providing data is find an API. So I've written a small toy API for the purpose of this talk and so there's a lot of climate data for Australia in particular there's a climate network called ACORN which is the Australian Climate Observation Reference Network and what that is is 112 weather stations around Australia that have a very long climate record. So here's an example which goes to my server and what I'm saying is I want the temperature and rainfall data for the station number 9021 which happens to be Perth Airport. So if I go to this API this web site or this URL I will just call it and what we see is it's returned a whole lot of data and if we look at the first date it goes back to 1910 and if we scrolled all the way down we would find its values for every day up to 2010 so roughly a hundred years of data and if so if we looked at it and format it nicely we would look like this. So there are different things we return and one of them may be just simply that the query was successful or if there was an error some details why we got an error and then there's the data and for each data point for each day we've got a date we've got the maximum temperatures on 1st of January 2010 the maximum temperature per airport was 31.3 the minimum temperature was 13.2 and precip or precipitation there was zero millimeters of rain so somebody wanting that data and remember the 112 stations may not want a hundred years of daily data for a hundred stations so the next thing we can do with our API is add parameters to it for example be able to add a start and end date so we'll go back to this and it's been designed so I can say start date equals the 1st of January 2010 and I run it again and very quickly I get my new data back and now we see that the first date is 2010 and it will go for the whole year for the one month so I can put an end date so my end date is 2010 31st of the 1st so one month of data and run it again and now I've got one month of data however maybe I don't like working with JSON for whatever reason I want my data CSV another option and this option allows me to specify what format I want my data in and once again we separate these parameters the convention is with the ampersand and I write format equals CSV I get my data back and this time I get a CSV file station number date minimum temperature, maximum temperature and so what we now see is that if I'm a researcher and I want some data and somebody has developed an API and they've done it nicely I've got a really good simple way to get that data I can slice and ask that data ideally I can for example I can say I want Perth Airport but I also want Melbourne which happens to be 86071 and there's Melbourne's temperature for January 2010 and rainfall I see we've got a bit of rainfall there so we can at the start and end date we can change the format it's a really nice way to be able to get data now I know all this and the next question is how do you know this and unfortunately I haven't just need to well there's a tool called Swagger which allows us to document our APIs and so I've written some very simple documentation for my API and so somebody wanting to use my API can go to this side of the page the right hand side and they can say I'm interested in temperature or I'm interested in rainfall etc so for temperature they sorry I've just got two screens here and so I can see the right hand side there we go they can click there and they see ok there's an API called get acorn data there's documentation what it does temperature and rainfall for given site I click there and it tells me what's required so a requestation number there's the rest are optional the start date the end date and the format and it says I can try it out so I click there and it says ok give me a station number site type in 86071 for this one we will put in let's put in a start date 2010 or 101 and end date 2010 3 let's say and I'll say execute so in this documentation we can actually execute a query and it also shows us for example yeah what URL we would need to use to get that data there's another API I've got because one thing you may say to me is well this is great but I don't know what these station numbers are well I've written an API to get information about the stations and that's over here and we've got one parameter which is the station name try it out and so if this works if I type in PER I want to find all stations with PER maybe Perth and pros and cons and we see we get this result, this response we get Perth station number 9021 Esperance because it's got PER in the name we get the station number we also get a lot of metadata about the station it's elevation, it's latitude, it's long acute the date it was opened etc so if I wanted to find out information about Leviton or whatever I could go yeah type Leviton, execute find out what the station number is for Leviton and then go and get the data the left hand side is how I've specified what you see on the right hand side and I've specified it using a format or a language called YAML yet another mock up language and what this means is that it's a formal language that this specification is also machine readable so the right hand side is readable by humans the left hand side is readable by machines so a machine can go off find out how to use the API and actually make queries against it so that's our documentation now in the examples we've seen so far we've just seen text from the API but we can get more than text in the example so I guess the first thing is to have a look at this URL which actually happens to be quite a long URL and we'll just go to that URL and see what it happens when we look at it so there's the URL there and this is returned an image and if you look carefully at the image it's the eastern side of Australia so the next question maybe well what's the point of a URL that returns an image well yes an application a little web app that I wrote a couple of years back and what this does is AI presents a map of Australia and if we look carefully we'll recognise that map from the previous one but what it actually does is it allows us to click on a point on the map and it gives us three words so for that point the three words are frequent expense find if we click somewhere near Brisbane we get three different words audience replace accept so if I go somewhere up in audience replace accept it should take me back to that previous point where I wasn't yet at Brisbane which it does but the important part of this is we've got this map we consume in in fact we consume in quite a lot I forget how much a lot of people to zoom in actually done to the street level now I used a javascript or web tool called leaflet to create this map on my web page I also knew that there was something which supplied tiles, map tiles what we've seen here is map tiles called Bright Earth E Atlas but all I had to tell leaflet is that this is the URL for Earth E Atlas I didn't have to tell it well I told it it assumed that it's using this format called WMS which is a standard APR and once it knew that it was using WMS it knew how to call those tiles and in fact we can just if we go and inspect we can actually see is and what we can see is all these calls so for every time we move the map or change it it makes about 12 or 16 calls because each of those tiles were small and it stitches them together so there's one example of a tile there's another example another example basically each time we zoom in or out or pan the map it will go often get a whole lot more tiles using this web API that's been provided by Bright Earth Atlas now the important thing is how does leaflet know the specification to read and how does Bright Earth know the specification to write and their standards and these particular standards WMS for web mapping service are controlled by a group called OGC the Open Geospatial Consortium so basically if I want to write some software to display maps all after this follow that standard and I can use any WMS provider and that's one of the great strengths of using APIs and writing them to a common specification other people can use something that's been written to that specification without knowing anything more about us okay so the final part of my talk is because as we interested in fare which is making data findable, accessible into operable and reusable how does this fit in with APIs what is it about APIs that can make data more findable, accessible into operable and reusable so hopefully now we've seen some of those things without even talking about it much further data that's available as an API we can explore it we can find out the metadata to find out about that data it's definitely accessible in terms of it's available in formats like JSON which is an open standard it's available in CSV etc we'll look at two particular aspects of fare and one is the principle F3 which is findable principle number 3 and that is that metadata are registered or indexed in a searchable resource and the second is principle A1 for accessible one and that is that metadata are reprievable by the identifier using a standard communications protocol now ANS has a few services APIs so in other words as well as being able to go to ANS and do manual searches we can also do machine searches and I'm going to give a couple of examples of that so the first thing we're going to look at is we have this page and that's the ANS collection which is so we'll make these slides available after the talk and so all these links are in the slides and obviously you're welcome to try anything in the slides one thing I would ask you though is in that API that I've provided it was written very quickly it was written simply to demonstrate an API so it's definitely not industrial strength the data for all intents and purposes is just demonstration data so just be forgiving if you give it a valid URL it should always work but if you there's not a lot of error checking etc anyway getting back to the ANS API so you'll see that there's a number of APIs that ANS does provide and they're all documented on this page and as I say there's the link to this page in the slides over here so the first thing we do is have a look at one of these APIs and in particular there's this one which is the get metadata API and what we're going to do is pass a query and so we want to query the ANS metadata and we're going to say okay we want to query the class is collections we want to query the collections class and we want to look for the search term Australian Ocean Data Network and there's probably a lot of it so I'm simply interested in the first 30 rows and of course this is all documented on the ANS page so let's just try to get into that you're around, here we go so what we see is status success we can tell from those brackets at the beginning and end that this is probably JSON the format there's a message and number and this one is the documents and there's a number of documents and we see that the first one has a slug called Coral Reef Health Jack Australia it's got a key AODN it's got a display title Coral Reef Health Database Reef Jack Australia etc and we if we looked carefully it's not very well formatted but there are 30 and just a little bit bigger so it's returned the first 30 records okay so we'll go back to this first one and we noticed it had this key so the next APR we'll look at is saying okay there's just a better formatted version of what we saw the status was success the message was we found 11,530 matching entries we're starting at entry number 0 and this is the first document and it's got this key which ends in FF 67 so the next thing we will do is to use this metadata and this time instead of giving it a class we give it this particular key and we say what we want to do is see all the fields for this key we'll go to this one yes and it's not easy to see this once again however what I'll do is go back to the slide and if we had formatted it we would have seen the following so using these APRs allows us either manually or by machine to get a whole lot of rich data there's another part of FAIR is to use standard vocabularies and supports a number of vocabulary services and in this particular one we're going to look at one example in this example we're going to look at the geology vocabulary and we'll just quickly go to this page over there so we did say if we look at the URL when we look at the results it looks like a human readable form well up top here we also see there's JSON, RDF, text etc so either we can click on JSON and we get exactly the same data back but this time in JSON and what I'll do is what we see is all it's done is it's put JSON there so if I take the word JSON out and I run that query again I get the same result back in human readable HTML I could have also .html I think we also had XML so we'll just try XML and this time we get exactly the same data back but in a different format and that's one of the things I alluded to earlier that we can get the same data in different formats so that's pretty close to what we're going to say about APIs I thought just a nice note to end it would be to look at how APIs are regarded in the wider world and people may have heard of Amazon and the CEO I missed one slide no I haven't so the chief executive officer of Amazon is a guy Jeff Bezos and he wrote a memo to staff and in the memo he talks about service interfaces but another word for service interfaces is APIs and this is a memo that was accidentally leaked and if you go to this URL you'll find this post where the person writes about the memo so what did Jeff Bezos what was his view on APIs well he said number one all teams will henceforth expose their data and functionality through APIs or in his word service interfaces teams must communicate with each other through these interfaces three there will be no other form of inter-process communication four it doesn't matter what technology they use and I'll quickly say one of the very important things about APIs is that if I've got an API let's say for my climate data and I'm using let's say PostgreSQL and you're using my API to get your data and each day you run a query that queries my API and next month I decide okay I'm going to actually change to Oracle and I keep my API you will have no idea that I've changed to Oracle because the API insulates you from any changes in the underlying technology and that's one of the huge strengths of APIs that do insulate you from what that underlying technology is anyway getting back to Jeff Bezos five all APIs without exception must be designed from the ground up to be externalizable and so basically saying that we must be able to use the same API internally and externally and six I think I've got an idea of Jeff Bezos and how much he regarded APIs anyone who doesn't do this will be fired and finally seven thank you have a nice day and then if you read this post the author of the post says actually I just added number seven as a joke Jeff Bezos doesn't care if you have a nice day or not so I was going to mention one other thing so while you can access the and fun API you may also be interested in okay what data that's provided by audio is available from ants and this is currently an ongoing project and ants is busy collecting and collecting all these data sets that are available via API and so there's a page that's talking about the current state and future direction of enhancing data service discovery so watch the space so that's it thanks very much wonderful thank you Martin there is one question that came through earlier that's asked so in your first example your script could easily been broken by new formatting etc on the website whereas the API is designed to be computer readable and the format will change sorry will not change is that right so if you formatted the website your little script won't work anymore at a high level that's absolutely correct anybody who's worked in computers for more than a few months knows that everything changes the thing with API is that what people do is they'll put a version number into the API so they'll say like slash API slash V1 slash and the whole idea of that V1 is that if we do make any changes we'll publish a new API and it will be slash V2 slash so in the ones we saw they were very simple ones but almost any API that's being used in a kind of production environment should always have a version number and if it doesn't be where because it's a sign that the person who wrote it probably isn't aware that APIs always change I guess another thing about APIs is that if it's possible when they do change to still support the old format so I can say okay I'm going to add a new data format let's say YAML so now you can say format equals CSV in my data API or format equals YAML but it doesn't break the old API okay alright that's the only question that we've had come through at the moment apart from a oops this one came through we had someone who said that they had to leave but thank you for looking forward to testing slides to have a look at what you've done the question here is are the words from Troy Mott's random or algorithmically selected from some data source so from your little API that you wrote there right so what I did is I googled the thousand most frequent words because initially I'd written it and you came up with so the idea was that I can say to somebody okay meet me at jelly, tomato, staple and so it must it's no good if I have to say meet me at all, astrophysics something or other so I found a list on the internet of the one thousand most frequent words and I used those words so all those words so that I'd have some I also took out words like and the batch etc then I used an algorithm called a geo hash that gives you a number from a length long and I converted that to the three words I thought Martin that you'd used the app what three words which takes the whole world and divides it into three meter squares and assigns the three words to them so I thought you'd looked at that was definitely the inspiration so what happened is that three words went a bit viral at work and I said wow isn't this awesome I said it's a really easy thing to write if you know shouldn't take more than a day or so and that didn't believe me so I had to prove that one could write something now three words is a wonderful site but it's close source and I thought wonderful if there was an open source version of that it is the same thing okay have we got any other questions from the people who are still on the line if not I'll have to say thank you very much to everyone who attended today and thank you very much to Martin for giving your time again to give this webinar and we have a couple of people here saying thank you and can't wait to see the slides I know there's a couple of people who want to go and often play with your APIs all right thank you everyone


As you go down the column with non-metals, the reactivity decreases due to the decreasing electronegativity. Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. It vaporizes readily to produce a reddish-brown vapor. The vapor is denser than air. We can see this by pouring out some of the vapor and seeing it settle. As since the bromine is less reactive than chlorine, we can use a little bit more reactive metal. We'll react the bromine with some aluminum in the form of aluminum foil. The aluminum foil gives us a large amount of surface area and increases the rate of the reaction.


Hey, there's a boat missing. I've decided it's time to refurbish this guy, or at least get the ball rolling. Let's tie it onto there. Here we can drive the pedal boat. Did you tie a good knot? All right, you're on this side. I'm on the other side. This is the short side. Hey, you can kind of reach. Arora, you need to grow taller. Doing good, making the turn. So Arora, you think we should put shorter pedals on the gray boat? I can barely hear you under all that hat and hair. Pressure was still on the Enterprise. Because he became an active answer in season one, right? She was on all of season one. And then Dr. Pulaski was there in season two. Why did Riker keep remembering being with ladies? You mean in the episode where he was knocked out?  You know my favorite part in the episode where Riker was on the Klingon ship? It was the guy he got in a fight with at the beginning. When they were sitting around eating, like I said, our food is not to your liking. Perhaps we can have one of the females breastfeed you. I think high tide is tomorrow morning at 6 AM. Or tonight at nighttime. I'm not coming at nighttime, though. I'm not entirely sure what the final product of that boat is going to be now. First, I'm just going to get it out of the water, flip it upside down, let the sun bake those barnacles on the bottom so I can get them all off, and then do any touch ups on the bottom, get the bottom real nice and smooth. Then I'll flip it over and then think about what I want to do. I'm thinking, well, there's a few different ideas I like. One is to have like a six person pedal boat. It'd just be like a party peddler. That'd be cool. What's that? Yeah, I'm still steering. Don't worry, I won't hit anything. So maybe just lots of pedals, maybe something kind of like the zombie chopper, you know, pedals and some solar panels and electric motor. See, I don't know, I'm going to worry about the first part first, just get it all smoothed out on the bottom. I think she's going to get us all the way back. Are you getting us all the way back over? 30 meters to the dock. 25. 20 meters to go. What's that? I found a beetle. You found a beetle? Look, you're almost there. 15 more meters to go. Craig is home. You got us all the way back. That's awesome. Oh, nice work, pedal boat. And I still need to paint these covers.


Good morning. I'm going to speak to this symposium today on the metabolic and cardiovascular risks in obesity. Obesity is classified by the World Health Organization by increments really of five milligrams per meter squared where normal weight is defined as 18.5 to 24.9 from 25 to 30 is really considered overweight and then obesity is classed as any BMI over 30 and sub stratified as class one or mildly obese less than 35, moderately obese 35 to less than 40 and severe obesity greater than 40. There are other potential utilities of methods to assess adiposity that take into account other risk factors that may reasonably increase the prospective ability of us to gauge what cardiac or other risks might be and these methods assess the risk of visceral fat or adiposity around the middle of the body inside the viscera. The waist circumference, the waist to height ratio, the waist to hip ratio, the waist to hyper triglyceride is also another one and these are clinical tools that are being assessed to better delineate the risk of increasing cardiometabolic risk with weight that can be derived clinically easily from simple lab tests and from measurements at any office visit. Radiographic sub studies have shown that CT scans of the belly weighted for fat and MRI with fat localization techniques can much better able to discern the location of fat and a new technique which is called the DEXA scan which is simply the same scan that we use for bone mineral density can also be used to identify total body fat content as well as measurement of visceral fat is also in research techniques. So what about obesity? Well obesity in America as we all know has been increasing over the last 40 years. In fact obesity has doubled in 40 years in America and 70% of US citizens are now considered overweight or obese which is increased from 40% 40 years ago and you can see from 1991 to 2010 the average American has gone from you know blue in this 10 to 20 percent risk of being obese to now considerably we've had reddening of America with most Americans in states with a great propensity of patients over 20 BMI over 25. So we can look at the prevalence of self-reported obesity by the behavioral research study that's compiling data on behavioral risk in the American population and this is data the most recent data from 2020 that looks at obesity rates in states and there are now 16 states with the BMI over 30 in greater than 35% of the population of note four states join this not so admirable designation this year and Texas was among them so you can see that this bright deep deep crimson red is really the south and the Midwest and the states that have the lowest weights are Colorado Hawaii and Massachusetts and the states in the West and also Florida which is actually unique have lower weights and are in better shape if you look at the president the prevalence of diet of obesity among adults in Texas by region you can see that some regions have greater levels of obesity but certainly the prevalence of obesity in the state of Texas is the lowest around Austin and the highest in eastern Texas on the Louisiana line but certainly all of Texas is a really considerably obese and if we look at the percentage of obese high school students from 2019 the scale here is a lower scale so in fact the deepest darkest purple color codes for obesity rates of 15 to 19 percent but you can see that the state the same states that have high levels of adult obesity have high levels of high school students with obesity which is a harbinger of the future for us in the states because these teenagers are going to continue if unabated to become very obese adults which is going to increase the need for medical care in the future if we look at the Burfist data and we break it down by race we can see that non-Hispanic white adults have you know obesity rates this is red or dark red I mean the center of the country seriously high rates certainly the overall percentage of obesity is over 20% in all states in the unit in the union and certainly obesity rates above 30% are very common in all the Midwestern states all the southern states and the rust belt states if you break it down by Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks you can see a darkening of the crimson red all over the country for Hispanics so you can see that in the red states anything red means the percentage of obesity over 35% in Hispanic adults the only states that don't have this high level are the extreme northeast Montana and Florida if you look at it for non-Hispanic blacks the crimson deep red is present which means obesity rates over 40% in all the states that are in that deep red including California so the metabolic consequences of obesity have been well described they include an increase in insulin resistance metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes it also includes hypertension atherogenic dyslipidemia with total elevated cholesterol elevated triglycerides elevated LDL elevated non HDL elevated small dense angry LDL particles with low HDL this is a typical atherogenic pro profile with increasing obesity rates there's an excess in LV volume and cardiac output goes up and this leads to ventricular remodeling with concentric hypertrophy LV and LA dilatation at the late and with LV dysfunction with heart failure both of low EF and preserved EF there's also indications that the metabolic consequences of obesity lead to endothelial dysfunction which leads to atherosclerosis leads to heart failure coronary disease AFib sleep apnea osteoarthritis and cancer so excess adipose tissue causes sleep apnea hypoventilation hypoxia pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary venous hypertension and this leads to RV hypertrophy RV enlargement and eventually core pulmonary RV failure if you look at just the circulating blood volume in obese subjects compared to non obese subjects the circulating blood volume is increased the systemic vascular resistance secondarily increases and this leads to increased pressures and increased wall stress in the heart which certainly leads to eccentric LV hypertrophy when adequately compensated leads to only diastolic LV dysfunction but when inadequate it leads to systolic as well as diastolic heart failure it's important to note that for every one point increase in BMI it raises the risk of heart failure by five percent in men and seven percent in women so if we look at death from any cause according to BMI it's well known to be associated with a J shape curve such that when BMI's are below normal or below 18.5 there's this little uptick at the bottom of the J of increased mortality which is thought to be mitigated by physical fitness certainly patients or cohorts with low BMI's may actually be selecting for patients with cokexy and chronic illness so in this important study where 1.46 million patients were followed in a cancer consortium in 19 cohorts with an average 10-year follow-up the subjects were stratified by those that had never stroked and that had never smoked pardon me and for those that were otherwise healthy and in this group certainly this is the blue curve there is a mitigation in that lower end of the J shape curve as well as a mitigation of mortality at the upper ends of the BMI but see here as the BMI increases above 20 all the way to 45 there is a doubling of the hazard ratio or a doubling of the risk of death which may partially be mitigated be influenced by obesity certain in a subjects of this number it gives more confidence that there's really an abnormality related to BMI the optimal BMI in this subject cohort was determined to be between 22.5 and 24.9 so what is it about obesity that gives such heterogeneity because in fact BMI itself is never has never been determined to be an independent cardiovascular risk modulator it's not an independent risk factor in the Framingham heart study or in any pool cohort equations for risk estimation the thought is that the traditional risk factors for heart disease diabetes hypertension and high cholesterol are confounders of obesity another factor that may play into the BMI not being an explainable independent cardiac risk factor is this obesity paradox which has been seen in many cohorts at this point which describes the fact that obese patients with a chronic illness may have better outcomes of an acute exacerbation of that illness compared to the non obese and there are a lot of considerations why this may be true and there's not enough time to divulge into that at this point but another factor that may make BMI not an independent risk is that obesity has many phenotypes and one of the phenotype of obesity is those patients that are obese may actually be very fit and this fitness phenotype may mitigate the risk otherwise that obesity poses more importantly the topography of adipose tissue or where adipose tissue is deposited has most recently been postulated to be a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk in these pooled cohort equations there is a term called the metabolically healthy obese which has been identified in some of these large cohorts and in these cohorts the obesity at BMI of over 30 that's associated with no other metabolic risk so no high blood pressure no low HDL no elevated LDL triglycerides or glucose are considered at baseline to be a relatively unique group but not uncommon so in the in Haines database 51% of overweight individuals in this cohort were considered metabolically healthy whereas 32% of the obese were metabolically healthy and obese so in this group it's thought that there may be less risk but subsequent studies have shown that the metabolically healthy but obese are still at increased risk compared to normal weight metabolically normal individuals in three separate cohorts in those that have been followed for 10-year mortality and for cardiac events there was a 24% increase risk of a negative outcome in those that are metabolically healthy but obese compared to normal weight metabolically normal individuals this is also been shown the metabolically healthy obese are also been shown to have increased risks of heart failure compared to the non obese particularly in those individuals with severe obesity and with long-standing obesity so in fact how long you've been obese may have an effect on your outcome and certainly in cardiovascular disease the metabolically healthy obese have a 60% increase risk in a meta meta analysis of 22 studies when compared to those that have normal weight and are otherwise metabolically normal fat distribution it turns out is an important risk modifier and the phenotype of the greatest risk would be those with visceral adiposity versus subcutaneous adiposity and the severity of how obese people patients are has an impact as well so in this study I mean in this cartoon you can see two individuals a 67 year old male with the BMI of 25 and visceral fat of 2.6 liters per meter squared and kind of low skeletal muscle mass look at the legs of the guy on the left he's kind of a skinny obese in fact his skeletal muscle mass is low and he has a lot of visceral adiposity compared to the gentleman to the right who's a 53 year old man with the BMI of 30 but a visceral fat of only 0.9 these two individuals have pretty disparate risks although the guy on the right has the BMI just barely in the obese range whereas the guy on the left has a lot of visceral obesity but overall his BMI is only 25 so in fact the heterogeneity of where we put adipose tissue can be subcutaneous which has been deemed to have less metabolic risk in fact the subcutaneous fat may actually be unique in its healthy mechanism because it acts as a buffer for free fatty acids which are collected when we have excess food intake and it can be easily shuttled into the subcutaneous tissue and access easily for times of increased physical demand and low caloric consumption visceral fat is really kind of a nasty fat in that it's dysmetabolic it contributes the most to the dysmetabolic state of insulin resistance it contributes to athrogenetic athrogenic um um lipid profile and an inflammatory milieu all of these things contribute to increase cardiovascular risk and potentially adverse major cardiac events a third kind of adiposity is ectopic adiposity which includes most commonly by definition distribution of fat into tissues that don't normally store fat the most common place where we see an abnormality of fat deposition is in liver concentration of fat which has been demarcated as an excess risk factor for heart disease and with liver failure which is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ectopic fat distribution has been shown to be distributed in the heart and around the heart in the pericardium as well as in skeletal muscle tissue severe adiposity is associated with a bmi over 40 and in a bmi over 35 with one additional risk from obesity the factors that are associated with visceral adiposity include increasing biomarkers of hypertension insulin resistance inflammation high triglycerides remember that and high triglycerides are associated with small dense lipoproteins which increase their atherogenic profile these biomarkers increase the risk for atherosclerosis the deposition of calcium in the coronary arteries and such increase the coronary calcium score and lead to the deposition of plaque within the aorta certainly um visceral adiposity by definition is liver fatty disease and lifestyle behaviors including sedentary behavior poor nutrition high caloric intake and sweetened sugary beverages alcohol intake as well as smoking have been associated with the deposition of fat in the visceral location increasing age sex distributions and race certainly plays a role and we're going to get to that in a little bit certainly genetics play a role in where you put your fat a key and central illustration to visceral fat and cardiac risk is demonstrated in this slide that shows a guy with genetic susceptibility who's got energy in more than energy out and he has two choices to put fat he can put the fat into subcutaneous adipose tissue or in visceral adipose tissue all on the right of the screen which leads to fat infiltration of this visceral organs which leads to fatty liver fatty heart atherosclerosis as opposed to the guy who puts his fat in these subcutaneous tissue which is metabolically more inert and doesn't increase the risk of heart disease ectopic adipose tissue certainly is seen in NASH and unknown metabolic and genetic factors certainly are driving this ectopic fat deposition into these ectopic tissues severe adiposity associated with a bmi over 40 or a bmi over 35 with one additional risk modulator women are more likely than men to have severe adiposity and as our slides show African Americans are at greater risk than Hispanic who are at greater risk than white people but certainly no one in our country is immune from severe adiposity which is growing much more common over time the highest risk of cardiovascular disease is associated with severe adiposity certainly most importantly heart failure in fact 9.2 of the u.s population in 2020 was characterized as severely obese but almost 20 of patients that have heart failure have severe obesity so how do we measure adiposity well the bmi is the easiest and most standardized measurement it's in all the databases every patient's medical record it's just the weight in kilograms divided by the square root of the height in centimeters certainly addition of waist circumference is a better indicator of as an index of total body fat it also is an indicator of increased mortality risk in all bmi categories and is certainly an indicator of increased visceral adiposity which as we described is a greater risk to the health of our society the waist to hip the waist to height are also measurements that are easily obtained to estimate visceral fat the interesting factor is that high triglycerides when combined with the waist circumference may be a better indicator of visceral adiposity and many research projects are looking at this so stay tuned to future research that's going to come out looking at whether or not elevated triglycerides with an elevated waistline has an added benefit in all bmi categories certainly CT scans our research tools that have radiation exposure MRIs are also unique and used for research they're a little bit more time-consuming both of these techniques are more expensive the DEXA is kind of a unique opportunity to do quick kind of cheapish studies to look at how much fat is in the body and whether or not it's viscerally concentrated so here's a slide that looks at these potential uses for screening tests but importantly many of these tests are related to the ethnic propensity of a population to have visceral adiposity so you can see that in southeast asians and in japanese visceral adiposity is more prevalent at lower waistline circumferences so there's a lower threshold for calling somebody abnormal in japanese chinese and in southeast asians compared to patients of european descent this Edmonton obesity staging system is been developed and may be helpful to associate obesity with other metabolic and functional limitations related to obesity and you can use this for categorization of your clinic patients into better treatment groups the benefits of obesity are important because really we've identified a subgroup of americans and citizens all over the world that are at excess risk for metabolic and cardiometabolic risk but what can we do and how does treatment of obesity affect their outcome so it turns out that the three slides to the right demonstrate the results of the diabetes prevention program which is a uk-based intensive interventional lifestyle that was done in patients who had pre-diabetes which encouraged a seven percent or greater weight loss with 150 minutes of weekly exercise and in this study the top slide shows on the right that there was a 58 percent versus 31 percent reduction in the onset of type 2 diabetes with the intensive lifestyle modification compared to metformin which was intermediate to placebo the benefits of this program persisted for a long term which says that lifestyle intervention should be the hallmark of what we strive for unfortunately the risks of keeping the lifestyle intervention going at 15 years diminished and so there was attenuation of the effect over time although there was a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors you can see that on the side two slides of note the look ahead or action for health and diabetes trial looked at 5100 individuals with type 2 diabetes in a bmi over 25 they were randomized to intensive lifestyle versus regular diabetes education unfortunately there is no benefit to major adverse cardiac events which may be because a rigorous intervention isn't enough to make the risk decline so the treatment of obesity really is centered dramatically with lifestyle modification i would submit to you that lifestyle modification needs to precede the development of obesity because if we encourage our citizens to live a healthy active lifestyle with a concentration of plant-based diet with low-ish red meats and careful attention to you know lean white meats chicken and fish then we might improve our society by preventing obesity which is probably a better way to do it but once people have become obese certainly diet and exercise are the fundamentals of treatment for obesity related complications certainly the Mediterranean diet has been shown in patients at risk for cardiac events to decrease cardiac events even without weight loss among those that have diabetes in a study exercise itself has been shown to decrease visceral fat much greater than it reduces bmi and that this weight waste loss is more important than weight loss in the trajectory of treatment in the obese certainly exercise without weight loss significantly improves insulin sensitivity improves cardiac risk factors and biological risk factors better actually than pharmacologic interventions cardio metabolic fitness is the goal and the goal should be encouraged at every possible way we can in American society and in all visits to healthcare professionals weight loss itself is always the good goal but i really try to emphasize the things that you can control which includes your diet and your exercise routine because in many patients weight loss is very difficult and the lack of weight loss leads to um um decreased ability to participate in a diet and exercise program because people get so sad that they they didn't lose weight quickly the reduction in weight is also associated obviously with the reduction in visceral fat an increase in lean muscle mass a decrease in cardio metabolic risk and a decrease in ectopic fat deposition but most importantly 50 of people that lose weight have a remission in their um expected rates of diabetes pharmacologic agents are listed here but i'm going to concentrate on an important study this summer which looked at semi-glutide treatment in people with obesity but without diabetes so semi-glutide is a glp1 agonist which is important treatment in diabetes that has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events notably heart failure and in patients treated with up to one milligram weekly subcutaneously in those that have diabetes in this study however they took 1961 non-diabetic obese patients with a bmi over 30 or a bmi over 27 with one additional risk factor and they were treated with a scaled up approach placebo double-blinded two-to-one um randomization schema to semi-glutide versus placebo and you can see in the top schematic that as the dose is escalating and it escalates every four weeks from 0.25 to 0.5 to 1 to 2 to 2.4 it takes a while to get to the peak dose but weight loss starts occurring by two weeks into the treatment trial with the lowest dose of semi-glutide which says that this has a pretty profound effect on weight loss the glp1 agonists have been known to decrease appetite decrease gastric emptying and to reduce glucose over time certainly the thought is that in this study that the weight loss may be contributing to the effect of the treatment certainly we see in this treatment trial that a third of patients lost over 20 of their body weight which is by far the largest intervention pharmacologically for weight loss that's ever been seen which is the reason i highlight the study today 55 percent of the population lost greater than 15 percent and 75 percent of the population lost greater than 10 percent so certainly in this study which beat the diabetes prevention program considerably because that was just a seven and a half percent total body weight loss 75 percent of these patients achieved over 10 percent weight loss which is staggering so you would expect that in this population if they were at increased risk for diabetes that they would have a significant impact on that in the future the reduction in waste circumference in this trial was 13 and a half centimeters versus four which certainly argues that there was a significant reduction in visceral adipose tissue this trial went to 68 weeks and you can see that the curve split early and that there was continuing benefit really out to 60 50 late 50s 60 weeks where there was a plateau of the effect when we looked at semi-glutide in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis 300 and Nash patients were randomized with fibrosis and a bmi over 25 with or without diabetes 2.1 0.2 0.4 versus placebo and in this group steatohepatitis rates were dramatically reduced although fibrosis was not significantly altered in the entire group although in the group that got the 0.4 semi-glutide there was a reduction in fibrosis but the the trial was not powered to look at this treatment effect at that low rate bariatric surgery as by means probably the best weight loss producing remedy for severe obesity candidates for bariatric surgery include the severe obese with the bmi over 40 or those with the bmi over 35 with additional risk including Nash with fibrosis after they failed a six-month lifestyle modification the bariatric surgery options now include really two surgical procedures the gastric ruin wide bypass which is being performed in about 20 to 25 percent of cases and the sleeve gastrectomy which has turned out to be really efficacious procedure originally it was intended as just the first phase of the gastric bypass in the super obese in whom weight loss was hopefully going to be activated and a secondary surgery for the full bypass was planned for later but with sleeve gastrectomy at 75 percent of the procedures today the sleeve gastrectomy is overtaken all forms of gastric surgery options the gastric banding is a less prevalent because it doesn't have enduring results and is now performed in less than five percent of cases of note gastric bypassed or sleeve gastrectomy is associated with significant sustained weight loss at least 60 percent 66 percent of the body mass and certainly even greater for gastric full bypass at 70 to 80 percent visceral adiposity is decreased 40 to 50 percent as well as subcutaneous adipose tissue decreasing by 10 percent so primarily the weight loss from gastric surgery is visceral adiposity which is really what you want to get rid of because it's the nasty fat diabetes remission rates for the bypass and the gastrectomy is about 66 percent by banding early on it may be 29 percent but that is attenuated over time the benefits of gastric surgery increase decrease the risk of heart failure decrease risk of Nash and liver failure in the end obesity affects every aspect of a person's lives from health to relationships to how you feel about yourself to orthopedic injuries to the increased risk of cancer and suddenly every opportunity that we can to reinforce a healthy lifestyle and plant-based diet should be followed in order to improve the health in our lives thank you for participating in this conference today your attendance is so so helpful to helping sustain this symposium over the over the years thanks again


The industrialization of agriculture has led to increased use of pesticides, which can harm human health and the environment, prompting calls for sustainable agricultural practices and food sovereignty. This article was authored by Paul Xenie Nicolopoulos Domadi, Sotirios Maipar, Crisanti Cotamposi, and others.


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Everybody has the ability, everybody has the potential and this could be the year of transformation for you and this could that you do hear yourself and then transform yourself into vibrant health and to at least get back to normal, okay? Make that your goal. Make that your goal to just at least get back to normal. So and then the next step is if you are who's looking for a transformation, you're feeling kind of stuck over the last few years. You feel like your life hasn't really gone forward or backwards. You've been kind of like in the same place. Relationships haven't really improved that well. You've always had the same issues and same problems, same frustrations, same stressful things that are bothering you and you feel like you that there's more. You feel like that you could do more. You can achieve more. You could be happier. You could improve yourself more. You can look better. You can feel better. You feel like there's a lot of room for improvement but you don't know where to start and whenever you start you give up because you don't get the results you need and you feel like it's hard for you to stay consistent like on a diet or stay in consistency with meditation or stay consistent with going to classes or going to the gym. If that's you then this could be your transformation too for you to get unstuck and break through all those obstacles and break through all of those hindrances and those blockages that are keeping you stuck. So it could be mental, physical, emotional, whatever it is. It doesn't matter because once you have the frequencies that remove the blockages you don't necessarily need to know what the blockages are. You know what you really need is you need that one thing that's going to help you break through your blockage whatever it is like the all-purpose blockage breaker. Okay and that's what our frequencies do. It's like the all-purpose breakthrough technology. 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We need feminist theology because for far too long theology has been male. We need black theology because for far too long theology has been white. We need queer theology because for far too long theology has been straight. We need liberation theology because far too often theology is oppressive.


The National Association of Nigerian Student Nuns says it suspended its planned June 12 protest for national interests and to ensure that there will be no breakdown of law and order. National Public Relations Officer Victor Isenago said this. At the news conference in Enogo on Saturday, they commemorated the 2021 Democracy Day. Isenago said that the suspension was due to class security intelligence that some unpatriotic elements wanted to hijack the planned protest to unleash mayhem and disorder in the country. According to him, Nuns leadership did not collect money from any source or was intimidated by anybody to suspend the planned protest but it was done basically on a patriotic move.


Hi everyone, Shawn with jaspyscasebrakes.com here doing 2020 Marvel upper deck anime trading cards hobby one box break number five where each person gets eight random packs each Two people in the break. We're gonna open up the box number the packs then randomize the packs to both people So here are the people that are involved in this break our customers Todd and Alex We're going to since we're doing 16 packs. We're gonna make this do this times eight six and seven so We should see Alex's name on here eight times now one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen Fifteen nope that was only fourteen so one more time So randomized once just to see that we have sixteen Boom sixteen so go back to the original list There we go So we've got the list of customers and number one through sixteen for the packs First we have to figure out which box we're doing we have boxes. They were all numbered earlier, so here you go You can see we have boxes one three six and seven left So I actually put in a roll randomizer here one three six and seven to see which box we're gonna do Dice roll number on top after ten times is the box we're gonna do for this one one Two nine and tenth and final time box number six ten times box six so There's box six Those ones will be for breaks six seven and eight coming up next So let's open up the box I've got labels here so we can number the packs. I Don't know I Have not seen any of this opened yet. I know Joe's done quite a bit so Let's see pack one. I have Rex It's a good movie Every time I hear that I think of that that movie Rex I think of that Whatever song Yeah, of course Because especially Rex you would I think what would happen is You would come in here and you would do it like the same exact time every single day So I think we would pre-record a video for you and be like hi Rex I'm sure you're wondering what this is cool, so there's the 16 packs now we're gonna randomize names and pack numbers dice roll for that four to five nine times one two three Four and nine time from Alex down to Alex nine times on the pack numbers And here's the pack numbers. I realized it wasn't on camera, but here is just so you can see the time stamp Here's the numbers for the packs 443 Here's the numbers for the customer names 443, and here's the dice roll 442 just so you guys can see so nine times dice roll customers 443 Packs 443, so cool, there you go guys, so Here's how it all shook out So Alex with pack two Todd with 15 Alex with seven Todd with one Alex with nine Todd with three six and fourteen Alex with twelve and sixteen Todd with four eleven and ten Alex with five eight and thirteen So let's sort this by name boom So Todd's in the chat Alex. Are you here at all? So let me split the packs Actually here. Let's do it this way Todd with one Alex with two Number three is Todd's number four is Todd's number five is Alex Number six is Todd's number seven is Alex Number eight is Alex number nine is Alex Number ten Todd number eleven Todd number twelve Alex 13 Alex 14 Todd 15 Todd and 16 Alex So if I did that correctly We should have eight and eight one two three four five six seven eight Which means this is eight also one two three four five six seven eight There we go cool Todd will do yours first pack one for Todd Heard Joe say these were not fun to open Were we stacking or no wonder man Cyclops It's kind of cool. What is that? deathlock Kind of like the look of that Spider-Man and iron lad His iron lad just like a young version of Iron Man Deathlock. He's he does look pretty cool X 23 Falcon That's kind of cool little acetate Stacks spider-woman I don't know that You can kind of see part of it's clear the other parts not War machine and Phoenix Nick this is my first box Joe did four of them earlier though. I Don't know what's been What crazy stuff has come out of here only challenges the packaging Okay, cool Well that works squirrel girl Tigra Stacks black knight This one's interesting too because like it's like clear. Oh if you stack this on top of another one It makes a scene. I'm saying right It's like if you found the stackable version of this card, it would make a scene That's kind of cool. I like that blade and Gamora wasn't blade played by Samuel L. Jackson. I feel like you'd want to you'd have to get those Like you got a if you get one you got to get the whole thing, right? That's what I'm saying. Well, like that's pretty cool How many pieces are there Wesley Snipes iron fist? rogue Kaiju, I don't know what that is, but it's pretty cool-looking Piper and Dazzler. I've never seen that movie. I heard is pretty good though Yeah, I heard that too. I never know anything Nick ghost spider Multiple man Here's another stacks. This one is moon night. What was the one that we had? Black Knight not moon night Magneto and Luke Cage What's up Oliver? Samuel L. Jackson was Luke Cage. Am I wrong again? That sounds more right, right?  I mean Maybe hold out. When does it went did it already release Nick or when does it release? So I heard Nick or Joe saying something about like, you know, maybe we end up getting it later on No, Oliver. We're never going to come on. We knew that November 28 Daredevil moon night on slot Ultron and Shatterstar and Todd this is your last pack. It looks like Wolverine, but apparently it's beast Not the same thing. I guess Domino Green goblin Played by what was his name? The guy Quicksilver and Black Panther Well, I mean keep an eye out if we get it, you know, that's right William Defoe Who son in that movie was what's his name? Cool. And then these are Alex's starting with pack two. Good luck, Alex James Franco. I watched the interview the other day and it was pretty pretty great. No, thank you, Todd. Of course Lady sif Captain Marvel Gable peach Momoko Havoc and Forge Red Skull Silak Beast that's numbered to 72 out of 120. Oh And that's the Golden Cotto right that is cool. I like that Colossus and dagger The auto is so nice that it like You could barely even tell that's a great-looking auto Josh Brolin was cable in what what a what movie it is. Well, I like that. It's Golden Cotto, too Kind of it's hidden a little bit. He was in Deadpool. Okay Ghost Rider cloak Another stacks Iron Man I want to see one of those completely done. I'm gonna look one up after Once we get some downtime Death Lock Green Goblin Thanos That's pretty cool Dr. Strange and Jessica Jones Captain America ice man Thunderbolts idols That's a that's is that just regular venom or is that like a super version of Venom or something right or is that not venom at all Feel like that's venom No more and Howard the duck they had a Howard the duck in here Wasn't that a terrible movie? I've never actually watched it. I Just hear stories about how bad it was That's agent venom Howard the ducks worth a watch Professor X Punisher Mechanized Magneto Emma Frost Why does it look like it'd be from frozen and then strong guy Not great, but not that bad Capsule characters. So this is a rip card. I heard Joe say yeah Definitely a rip card. So what's in this one the Avengers? Potentially that's cool Winter soldier, I guess that's the only other card in that pack good old 80s flicks I'll all 80s movies have a layer of cheese. Howard the duck was pretty good. I Love short circuit Short circuits great cable wasp and Emma Frost I just talked about talked about her being in frozen and she came up again silver samurai and jubilee So those are your packs Alex. Thank you very much And guys that was our break That was 2020 upper deck Marvel anime trading cards hobby one box break eight random packs each number five I'm Sean Jaspies case breaks calm six seven and eight all coming up right now. So stick around Jasper's case breaks calm. Thanks and we'll see you next time


Hey, this is Brett. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and use Jeep Gladiator and Jeep headquarters. And we're excited to go over the 2020 Jeep Gladiator Sport today. This is a 2020 Sport. It's got a couple key features on it, which we'll go over first. We're just going to do the walk around from far away so you can get an idea of the overall styling and look at the vehicle from all the different angles. And then we're going to get up close. We'll go over those particular features on this vehicle. It's got probably about six or seven options for the Sport package, most notably being the max tow package, giving you the 410 gears and the heavy duty engine cooling. The Dana 44 front and rear heavy duty axles as well. But we'll get into all the options on this particular one. Part of that max tow package is these 17-inch painted alloy rims, the Bridgestone Duler AT 245 75R 17 tires. You've got kind of an all-terrain tread on there. Take a look underneath, see how all that's put together down there. Get the little Jeep logo on the rims there. The Sport package comes with the plastic fenders. You'll get the lights in those fenders, the plastic front bumper, the tow hooks, you get the little Jeep logo on the headlights there, the seven-slotted grille of course. And I figure I'd do a video on the Sport because not a lot of people do the Sport. They all do the Rubicon's or the Overlens or whatever. We have the sandals designed right there on the plastic piece.  This has the Torx 50 bolts. You can remove these doors with those bolts. You just take the bottom ones out. Here's the original window sticker. You can see that this one has an MSRP of 46-660. And you can pause it at any second, the video, to check out all the options. You have the convenience group, which gives you the garage door opener, the cold weather group, which gives you the heated seats and heated steering wheel, as well as the remote start, max tow package, and everything that that gives you. The Jeep active safety group gives you the blind spot monitoring, cross-path detection, and the rear park assist, as well as those LED tail lamps. Pretty cool stuff there, auxiliary, the four auxiliary switches. The bright door sills by Mopar will show you those. The cargo management system, the all-weather slush mats, the hardtop, and the Sirius XM radio, as well as the 8-speed automatic transmission. So those are all the options on there. I also want to take a look underneath so you can check out the suspension back here. Pretty heavy-duty stuff. This is a real truck. And these things ride amazing, way, way nicer than the Wranglers, I think. If you haven't driven one of these, they're really cool. But you get the rear coil springs back there, which gives you a nice, smooth ride. All the gladiators are going to come with the bed rail covers, which protects your investment, keeping it looking good. The LED tail lamps, those are cool because they are proven to shine faster, farther, and brighter than normal halogen. That tailgate is a shock down assist, so you just open it up. It's going to drop down nice and smooth. It's never going to slam down on you. You get the cargo rail management system with the tie-down cleats. You get four of those cleats. You can put them anywhere you want on this management system to tie stuff down. You also get the LED bed lights, and you also get the 115-volt, 400-watt cargo PowerPoint back here, which is really a cool feature, too. Locking tailgate, backup camera, the backup parking sensors. You get the tow hook on the rear bumper there. That safety group gives you the blind spot monitoring, heated mirrors.  And that's about as far up as that backrest goes.  Those are pretty cool-looking. Those are the Mopar bright sills on the door there. Look really good. Power locks, power mirrors, auto headlamps, tilt, and telescopic steering wheel. And this one has the digital spinometer. Also you get the outside temperature compass display as well, 28 miles on this vehicle. This one has the heated leather-wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and Information Center controls on the left. It also has the audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. You get the 5-inch touchscreen radio, AM-FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. It has this really good-looking metal painted dash, and the dash actually matches the colors on the radio. Really good. It's a nice accent. Everything looks super well put together and clean. This is also where your backup camera shows up. This is an HD backup camera, and those are dynamic grid lines, meaning that they will turn as you're turning the steering wheel to show you kind of where you're backing up to in the future there.  You get your speed select crawl control, heated seats, heated steering wheel, power windows, your four auxiliary switches, and then for your connections here you get an AUGSA USB and a USB-C. 8-speed automatic transmission, 4x4 shifter on the floor. Once again that topographical design on the floor mat. You get the crushed eggshell finish roof pieces here.  Finally, that convenience group gives you the home link buttons in the sun visor there. Those are for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. Finally, I always like to show the key fob. It's really a heavy-duty key fob. It's got a good weight to it. Remote start, obviously the red panic button is nice and big and bright. The key flips out like so and it's really thick, it says Jeep on the back of it.  It's also a push-button start so as the smart key basically you just have to have the key in the vehicle and press the start button and it will start the car if you have your foot on the brake. Anyways, we'll check out the back seats and what's going on back there. So you do get latch child safety systems back here. This is your case for the hardtop pieces in the front. It has a manual sliding rear window, it's nice and smooth, it goes pretty easy. You've got the built-in rear defrost on there as well. So these seats do fold down and they do lock too so you can lock this back seat so nobody can get back there so you can put stuff back there. So you have the top down and you want to like lock stuff up, you put it back there.  You have those bolts are what you use or what you take off when you take the hardtop off. And then finally these seats fold up and there is storage underneath here, a little bit of storage there. That is also locking and then you have your spot for all your bolts and everything from the hardtop pieces and the top of graphical floor mats back here. Also has the locking back door for child safety locks and just a really good well put together. I think there's a lot of value in the sport package, you get a lot for what you pay. And thanks for checking out the video and if you like the video remember to like, subscribe and share and if you want to check out more pictures of this vehicle or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, most importantly Jeeps go check us out at www.SummitAuto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle we have, videos of every used vehicle, all from two locations and to see more and to in fact in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left and link to more Jeep Wrangler and new Jeep videos on your right. If you haven't been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website, click those check us out and we're really looking forward to selling these Jeep Gladiators. We got a bunch of these coming in stock with the MaxToe package. I believe we've got them in black, white, silver and I think we may even have one coming in red.  Really appreciate it.