It's time again for an exam in math 2270 linear algebra For students at Southern Utah University in this video I want to review the topics that will be covered on exam 2 now This is the second exam in this course And so the structure and policies for the exam are basically going to be the same as you saw on the first exam So I don't necessarily want to repeat all of those details Also certain details about time place or manner of the exam change from semester to semester So look for that information either on canvas or reach out to your instructor as there's probably announcements relative to that So things about like what notes can I use what calculator? Can I use again consult that information on canvas in this video? We're just going to talk about the topics which are on this exam So exam 2 is going to pick up where exam 1 left off So to remember here exam 1 went from the beginning of the book until 2.5, which was about subspaces Our exam that in the current conversation exam 2 we're going to pick up where we left off We're going to go from 2.6, which was about solution sets to systems of linear equations the general solution and we're going to go up to section 4.3 which is the start of chapter 4 about orthogonality and so The idea of projections Will come up on this on this test right here So that's the topics that you want to prepare for for this exam in terms of questions There'll be three types of questions on this exam multiple choice sure response and free response The multiple choice as the name suggests you'll be given multiple options You select the correct answer and you'll get full credit for selecting the correct answer and no other answers You get no credit if you select nothing or if you select an incorrect choice no partial credit is available for multiple choice It's either all or nothing based upon that response on this exam There will be three multiple choice questions worth five points each The next category is the short response questions, which the short response questions You will not be given choices like the multiple choice The questions will be relatively simple I would say very much like a multiple choice question but That in the short response you just have to write down your answer You don't necessarily have to provide any supporting work I mean if some of these questions might require that there might be work to do but you do not have to supply You only have to supply the final answer for full credit And so full credit can be given for that final response Although because these questions might be a little bit more involved You could potentially get some partial credit if your answer is if your final answer is partially correct Or if you have supporting work that leads to an incorrect response So it's a good idea to show your work There will be space provided on the test packet to do so But it is not a requirement on the show response section There will be five questions in that category and there should and those are gonna be worth six points each Just a little bit more points than a multiple choice The remaining questions for which there will be 15 questions total The remaining questions are what we call the free response section in the free response section You do have to show all of your work for full credit Just including your final answer will give you little to maybe no points whatsoever You need to show all your work and that might mean showing Things like row operations and things like that So let me then show you the specifics of these question types So you get an idea of what to study for what to expect on this exam So question number one As it's currently phrased, it tells you, you know, suppose you have a matrix A Which is two by three and a matrix B, which is three by five What would be the shape of A times B? That is, what you know, what are the dimensions of that matrix? Is it going to be seven by five three by two seven by 11? So this has to do with matrix multiplication These are the types of things we did in section 3.1 When we introduced the matrix operations that chapter three is all about So matrix multiplication was definitely the most important one But we could talk about scalar multiplication, matrix addition, transposes traces And so this question will ask you to do sort of a partial calculation It doesn't have you do all the details But, you know, if you like add together some matrices and multiply them and transpose them Could you predict what the dimensions of, you know, what the size, the shape of the Resulting matrix would be If you take inverses, how does that affect the shape of the matrix? So be prepared for something like that And I should always remind you that when you see this practice test This practice test first of all is not collected The solutions to this can be found at the end of this document I'll also provide some solution videos that you can find on this channel here But the thing I really want you to be aware of with this practice test Is that if you see a question on this test That does not mean that that question you'll be on your test And if you're something missing on this practice test It doesn't mean that question couldn't be on your test This practice test is just a sample of what you could see It should supplement your studying And it shouldn't be your entirety of your studying here And so that gives us a discussion of question number one Expect to do some type of matrix operations But you don't necessarily do the whole calculations More conceptually what size, what shape would the matrix have at the end Question number two Is going to be a question about inner products in some capacity So you might be asked to compute an inner product That could be the dot product for real vectors That could be the Hermitian product for complex matrices Complex vectors, excuse me So you have to watch out for that thing For the complex, you have to make sure you take the appropriate conjugates If you don't take conjugates, you're going to get a calculation wrong That's probably the most common mistake there So question number two could involve a calculation Involving the inner product, the dot product or Hermitian product It could involve a calculation of the outer product When you put two matrices together to form a matrix It could involve like in this question right here The length, the norm of the vector You might be asked to compute the distance between two vectors Again, it's going to be some fundamental calculation Very algebraic that involves the inner or outer product In some regard or another Now this could also be in combination with other vector matrix operations So you'll see here, for example, that we have linear combinations Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication There could be matrix multiplication also in play Very similar to Homer questions you saw in section 4.1 and 4.3 Question number three You'll be asked to identify which of the following sets is orthogonal And so this is very similar to a question we saw on test number one Which we're given three sets and had identified which sets were linearly independent We have to decide which sets are orthogonal And so for the most part, that means checking case by case Are these orthogonal? Are these orthogonal? Are these orthogonal? If you ever find an inner product that didn't turn out to be zero That means that the set is actually not orthogonal Now some things to watch out for here That if any set contains the zero vector Then that set is automatically not orthogonal Now this is a little bit confusing sometimes Because the zero vector does have the property that it's orthogonal to every vector So the inclusion of zero doesn't actually frustrate Checking whether you have orthogonal pairs But by definition orthogonal sets are not are necessarily non-zero This was to ensure that orthogonal sets were always linearly independent So if the zero vector is contained in there It is not an orthogonal set automatically Another thing to watch out for Is if you have just a single a single vector inside your Your set right here like let's just take the vector one two three A single vector is actually considered an orthogonal set So long as it's not the zero vector Because like I said the zero vector cannot be included inside of orthogonal sets But otherwise if you just have a single vector This is actually considered an orthogonal set And the reason for that is that there are no pairs of vectors Which are not orthogonal because there are no pairs of vectors It's sort of vacuously true Also in that vein if you ever see the empty set This is also considered an orthogonal set Because it doesn't contain the zero vector So everything's non-zero And there are no pairs of vectors which are not orthogonal So it's orthogonal And so I want you to be very careful about that Because this could be a confusing thing for students But these are two important examples I want to throw out That oftentimes have confused past students So be aware of such things If you need to study more about orthogonal sets Orthogonal vectors as well as orthogonal sets Were introduced in section 4.2 Of our textbook linear algebra done openly And that's going to be the multiple choice section Those three questions right there So very simple things Like in the homework for 4.2 There were some questions that were like Quick, decide if these things are orthogonal No, I think there was a question like that Well, it's going to be similar to those Very basic calculations Is this set orthogonal or not All right So the short response section It's a little bit longer than multiple choice Let's look at some of the questions here So remember all of these questions are worth six points each The first question number 4 that you're going to see Is you're going to be given a linear transformation You don't have to prove that to linear transformation Like we did on test number 1 You'll just be given a transformation And you may assume it's linear What you are asked to do is to construct The standard matrix representation Of that linear transformation Every linear transformation can be represented by a matrix What is that matrix going to be? Well, this standard matrix always will have the format Well, the first column is just evaluate The matrix, or evaluate the transformation at the first The first vector, the first column of the identity matrix This vector E1 So it has a 1 in the first position Zero everywhere else The second column will be evaluate The transformation at the second Column of the identity And you'll go all the way down Until you get T of E N right here So we just have to, you know Like with this one right here The idea is if I set X1 to be 1 And X2 to be 0 What do I get? That gives me the first column If I set X2 to be 1 And X1 to be 0 All the other variables to be 0 That's going to be my second column That's how we compute these things And this matrix representation We saw at the end of chapter 3 So you can see some more examples Like this on in section 3.7 That's going to be question number 4 Question number 5 This is sort of a curious little question And there's a very good reason Why it's in the short response section So you'll be given a matrix A It'll probably be 3 by 3 real numbers Don't want to make it too complicated for you But this matrix A You're going to then see a below it A sequence of row operations That convert the matrix A into the identity So A is row equivalent to the identity That means it's a non-singular matrix Well, since it's a non-singular matrix That means it can be factored As a product of elementary matrices Now, if you recall how we did this Elementary matrix factorizations came from factor Well, it came from row reducing the matrix To the identity, right? And so we could each elementary row operation We do corresponds to a factor Of the elementary factor Well, every elementary row operation Corresponds to an elementary matrix As part of this factor So as you look at this matrix You're going to look at the sequence of matrices You just see it step by step What are the operations in play here? So if you compare like the first matrix To the second matrix It looks like there was an interchange Going on right here Then as we go from this matrix to that matrix It looks like there was some type of row replacement Right, this 4 went to a 0 So it took probably like row 3 Minus 4 times row 1 or whatever And so each of those Each of these steps There's going to be some row operation That goes there So what's the corresponding elementary factorization? So to form that factorization A equals You're going to get a matrix For each of the operations So I see like 1 operation 2 3 4 and 5 and 6 So it looks like I should have like 6 matrices When I'm done here I should have drawn these a little bit smaller But you get the idea And so then the first matrix Is going to be the first step It's going to be the first step But you're going to be You're going to have to take its inverse, right? So the inverse operation Well, if you had it If you had interchange The inverse of interchange is just interchange Then you have the second operation But you have to take its inverse as well So in that situation If we took You know, if I think that's like Your place row 3 With row 3 minus 4 times row 1 Then actually the corresponding operation Is going to be row 3 plus 4 times row 1 And then write the corresponding elementary matrix In that situation All right And so we talked about elementary matrices In section 3.4 3.1 introduced matrix operations 3.2 we talked about properties Of those matrix operations 3.3 introduced the idea of non-singular matrices And their inverses And then 3.4 we introduced the elementary matrix As a tool That eventually led to the inverse algorithm That we then have a way of computing Inverse matrices So in question number 5 You will simply write down the elementary matrix Because you have the sequence of row operations In front of you You just have to translate the sequence of row operations Into elementary matrices Make sure you go in the correct order And make sure you take inverses there Those are the two Those are the two major things That students make mistakes on this one They might go in the wrong order That's usually okay Because we're going to go left to right on this one But they forget to do the inverses So you have to know how to translate A row operation into an elementary matrix And make sure you take the inverse of that Just like we did in section 3.4 So there's really not a lot of work to show on question number 5 It just needs to make sure the factorization is correct Question number 6 is going to be very similar to that But in question number 6 We're going to focus on the LU factorization Like we did in section 3.5 All right So with the LU factorization Again, it's very similar to the elementary factorization That you're going to see a sequence of row operations Although I might Just to make sure I fit it all on the screen I might do more than one operation at a time Which is fine You should hopefully be able to see Like sometimes you could do two replacements at the same time Because the order doesn't really matter in that situation Not a big deal whatsoever On this one, you're going to come up with the LU factorization So you need a matrix L and you need a matrix U L will be a square matrix Which is unit lower triangular It'll have the same number of rows and columns As A has rows Now if A is a square matrix like you see in this example That makes life a little bit easier U will be a matrix in echelon form And it actually should be the first echelon form you find When you go down the sequence of row operations To form L, we can only use lower Replacement operations So that L becomes a lower triangular matrix Very similar to what we did in on number 6 But we practiced this LU factorization So I just need to see L I just need to see U So U Be aware that with this sequence of row operations It goes all the way down to the identity Can't see it on the screen right now But this sequence will go all the way down to the identity So we're kind of playing where's Waldo a little bit U is in there somewhere, right? You have to decide one of these matrices is going to be U And then once you decide on U You're going to squish together the previous matrices Basically, I should say the previous row operations To create the matrix L So give me the LU factorization If you see the sequence of row operations there Question number 7 is going to be very similar to these ones as well And question number 7 You'll be given the factorization into elementary matrices For the most part You'll be given a factorization of A Which will be a 2x2 matrix And then you're asked to describe what are the geometric consequences What is the effect geometrically of these matrices? So what does A do to the plane? And so you would be going from this You'd be looking at this factorization Now unlike questions 5 and 6 Number 5 and number 6 You're going to go left to right But you take inverses On question number 7 In order to interpret this correctly Because the vector The vector is actually going to be sitting over here X and Y It sits on the right So the first matrix in play is actually the one on the right The next one in play is the second one And then the third one And then keep on going And so because of that We want to move We want to work right to left Now you're going to list these things You know okay What does this matrix do? What does this matrix do? What does this matrix do? What does this do? What does this do in terms of Shearing maps Stretches Compressions Reflections Rotations For projections Those are the types of things That I want to see here And the hardest thing about this one Is you really make sure you go right to left There is no worry about having to take inverse operations whatsoever Make sure you go right to left That's the most common mistake So we talked about these geometric transformations Mostly in section 3.6 But the idea of a projection was introduced later on In section 4.3 So also be prepared for that Like the example you see in front of you also It has a projection in there So you should be able to accommodate for that And so then the last The last of the shore response questions Is you'll be given a matrix equation And you'll be asked to solve for the variable matrix x So solve for x This is like what we did in section What is that one? 3.2 Nope 3.3 excuse me Because that's inverses in play 3.3 in the textbook Now when you're solving this You can assume that matrices are non-singular So I don't want you to have to worry about Does the inverse of a matrix exist or not Assume that when necessary There always is an inverse of a matrix So things are in by in and non-singular Just to make life a little bit easier for us But do be cautious that We are not assuming matrix multiplication is commutative We don't know that here So that this has consequences right So a times b does not necessarily equal b times a I would check as I'm grading this To make sure that when you move things From one side of the equation Is it a left multiply or is it a right multiply? There's a difference there If transposes are in play Remember the transpose is a shoe sock operator It switches the order when you distribute it Inversion also does the same thing If you have a b inverse This is a b inverse Sorry a b inverse will be b inverse times a inverse So the biggest concern with question number eight Is does the student recognize that we have Non-commutative operations in play And I want to make sure that that We don't accidentally commute when we shouldn't have And so that will finish the short response section Let's move to the final category of free response Again these are ones where you have to show your steps You probably have access to a calculator Which can help you out here But you have to make sure you show sufficient work The final answers is not enough Like on question nine for example You'll be given two matrices And you'll be asked to compute for example the product This is the test I should say to assess That you understand the mechanics of matrix multiplication Multiply the two matrices together And you do need to show all steps A final answer will give you no credit on this one I again most many of you will probably Have a graphing calculator when you take this test In which case you can throw this in a graphing calculator And it will give you the final answer no problem I need to make sure that you know how to do this And so I need to see all the steps It's only worth six points But if I just get a final answer with no work You will get zero points on this question And of course the question could be a little bit more involved Than just multiply a times b There could be a few other matrix operations in play Like transposes, traces, addition of matrices So this would be a question really from section 3.1 About operations of matrices But you definitely will be asked to do matrix multiplication If nothing else you will be asked to do matrix multiplication That is the most complicated of all the matrix operations If I dare call it complicated But you know that easy versus hard is always a subjective matter You're trying to prove to the grader here That you understand matrix multiplication That's what you'll see on question number 9 Question number 10 This goes back to the start of this unit Section 2.6 in particular You'll be asked to provide the general solution To the non-homogeneous system a x equals b So what we're trying to see here Is that the general solution x This is going to look like some particular solution x naught Plus the general solution to the Homogeneous system So you get some combinations of ci, vi So this right here is the solution to the homogeneous system Basically I want to see Essentially the basis for the null space That's basically what we need to see here Although as a general combination A general linear combination And then you should have some particular solution in play right here Now the good news about this question right here Is that in the current form The matrix a is actually given to you in row reduced echelon form So solving it turns out to be really quick and easy And therefore it's just about kind of ripping this thing apart Now This question was with seven points On the test if this matrix is not in row reduced echelon form I do not need you to show me all the steps of row reduction If you start off with a augment b And then you row reduce this to be something like Let's say it's the identity augment It probably won't be the identity so that it has multiple solutions But you get some echelon form and then say you get like a What's called y whatever It needs a name So you know if you read your row and do this I don't need to see all of the row reductions If you just use that as a calculator to do that That's fine If you just you don't scratch paper and didn't put on the test I'm okay with that I'm not going to grade you on question number 10 about your row operations But I do need to see the echelon form That's necessary And then I need to see how do you extrapolate The general solution for this non-homody system from the echelon form That's what will be graded on this question number 10 Question number 11 This is a fun one I like this one a lot For which this question is going to ask you about Two of the three fundamental spaces of a matrix that we know so far So you'll be given a matrix a and it can be some big thing like this one So this one's three by five matrix You'll be given the original matrix a And you'll be given its echelon form It's row reduced echelon form So you don't have to worry about computing the row operations Because it'll be done for you You will be given a and you'll be given its RREF Now from that you'll be asked two things The first thing is a guarantee That you'll be asked to construct the null space of the matrix Well that is I want you to find a basis for the null space of the matrix And so that comes down to identifying pivot non-pivot positions And then pulling out information about the free variables in that situation So you need to be able to solve for the You need to be able to compute the null space Be able to find a basis for the null space of the matrix Now be aware that with the null space we introduced this back in chapter two Let's see what is the corresponding section It would be two point oh boy I'm blanking right now It would be two point six I think no two point seven Well when we talked about we could two point sevens when we talked about a basis and dimension We talked about how in that's in that section how you can find a basis for the null space So that's something you would definitely be asked to compute Now what else could you be asked to compute? So one question like you see on the screen right now Is you might be asked to compute a basis for the row space of a The row space of a was introduced into section three points two And you were taught how to construct a basis for the row space of a That had to do with finding the pivot positions the pivot rows and the echelon form And grabbing the pivot rows of the echelon form gives you a basis for the row space You could also be asked to compute a basis for the column space of a which also was talked about in section two point seven And remember they're finding a basis for the column space They came down to finding the pivot columns and then finding the corresponding Columns in the original natrix a And so you'll be asked to compute you will be asked to find a basis for the null space And then maybe the row space or column space I won't ask you both because they're both fairly easy. There's no computation there It's just something you read from the rif but you should be prepared for either one It's kind of random. That's going to happen there Question number 12, remember there's 15 short or free response questions total Question number 12 is going to be about computing inverse matrices So this will require the inversion algorithm that we learned in section 3.4 I'm not going to ask you for a two by two matrix. This is the algorithm where you're going to take Um a augment the identity and then you will reduce this to The identity augment a inverse So some things I need to see here is that do not stop here. This is not the finish line Uh, this will just give you matrix. I actually need you to tell me that a inverse equals a specific matrix If you just end with this augmented matrix, how do I know that you know what the inverse matrix is? You need to be explicit tell me the inverse matrix is this So just go the extra step and write that down here so that I know That's something I look for you don't want to lose a point just by that silly mistake And also as this calculation is primarily just row reduction I am going to ask that you show all of the row operations here I want to see the details on how you go from here to here. I need to see those without that I can't give you full credit on this one That's going to be question number 12 uh question number 13 You can see right here uh question number 13 is going to have to do with uh coordinates of some kind like we talked about in section 2.8 the last section of chapter 2 you'll be given a some set of vectors right here And so this is going to be a basis for a vector space. So in this case, this is a basis for r4 It's a non-standard basis for r4 Then you're going to be asked to compute You're going to be asked to compute the coordinate vector of The vector given with respect to these coordinates right here So the idea there is you're going to take your basis and you're going to augment the vector in question right here You're going to row reduce it You're going to row reduce it you'll get the identity here and then you're going to get the coordinate vector Right here. Just like the last question. You cannot stop here You need to actually tell me that oh the coordinate vector with respect to b coordinates is whatever it turned out to be Right now you have to be cautious on this one Because of the nature of these things you could actually get rows of zeros on the bottom That is a possibility if you can row some zeros just ignore those Do not put those into the coordinate vector, right? Don't do that That's that's a common mistake here. And again, just like question number 12 The vast majority of this question is Set up an augment to matrix and row reduce it and there and then interpret the ref Right. So just like question or 12. I do want to see all of the row operations on this question Because that's essentially the calculation. That's the showing the work part All right question number 14. This is the last page question number 14 Is very similar to question number 13 and that this will come from two points 2.8. Excuse me about change of coordinates It's actually I'm going to ask you to compute the change of basis matrix So you have a basis and a basis So we have two bases in this is a case for r3 and we want to compute the change of basis matrix So there's going to be two parts of this question. So to compute the change of basis Right following the order you see right here c to b you're going to write b on the left augment c on the right Then you're going to row reduce this you should get the identity of some kind in this case would be i3 And then you're going to get your change of basis matrix Right here Just like the previous two questions two things to mention that you do need to show all the row operations I do want to see all the details here, but you can use your calculator to verify it Do not stop here. You do need to be explicit. What is the change of basis matrix? You cannot just assume that I know that you know something right That I know that the change of basis matrix can be found right here But you need to tell me that is the change of basis matrix tell me exactly what it is So that's going to be very similar to the inversion algorithm. We saw on question number 12 But this one has an extra step You're then going to be given a vector in one coordinate system You're asked to change it to the other coordinate system. And so be aware that x in b coordinates is going to equal the change of basis matrix as you switch From c to b when you times it by c coordinates So just a very quick calculation once you're going to multiply a matrix by a vector nothing too complicated But don't forget that step you need to know how to switch from c coordinates to b coordinates If you have the change of basis matrix All right, and so then the last question question number 15 right here This comes from section 4.2 And this is going to be a question about the orthogonal complement of a matrix of a subspace. Excuse me You'll be given a spanning set for a subspace. So in this case you have vectors u v and w And you'll be given the spans which this is a spanning set I'm not guaranteeing it's a basis. Although it probably is a basis in this situation You do have a basis these three vectors u v u v w are limited independent But you don't need that We see that w is a subspace of r5 and you're asked to find your orthogonal complement The key observation here is that if you take the row space of a matrix a and you take it to orthogonal Compliment that gives you the null space Of that same matrix. So what you need to do is you need to construct a matrix a Right, you need to construct a matrix a so that the row space of a is equal to w And the easiest way to do that is just to put your vectors u v w to be the rows of the matrix a So then once you have a so that the row space of a is equal to w then you're going to row reduce this To get your ref Which do you need to show your steps here? Probably not It doesn't say specifically show your steps and there's much more to this problem than just row reduction So if you just if you don't show me any details r ref, that's okay Once you then have the ref right then you need to compute since the orthogonal complement of Since since the orthogonal complement of the row space is the null space then you need to find a basis Find a basis for The null space of a And then that will be the orthogonal complement w prime So that's what we need to do in this situation. So the orthogonal complement But we'll because you're trying to find a basis through a orthogonal complement That'll just be finding the basis of the null space of a if we chose a correctly So that's what we have to do you have to set up the matrix a row reduce it then find a basis And so I want to point out a couple things this question number 15 Requires essentially that you find the nulls the basis for the null space of a matrix previously We saw in question Number oh where did it go in question? Oh, I can't remember it was on the previous page question number 13. That's what it was on question over 13 You have to find the basis for a null space plus another basis, right? And then also on question number Oh boy, I'm gonna have to stretch myself on this one. It was the first question question number nine I think was what what it was. Uh, I guess we can always go back Whoops too far Question number nine. It was the first one from the from the free response Question number 10. I was off uh question number 10 Right here, we have to solve for the general solution to a non homogenous system That essentially requires you find the basis of a null space So if there's any if there's one thing that you need to know how to do At for this test is you need to know how to multiply matrices And you need to know how to find the basis of a null space if you do not know those two things You will fail this exam. Um, you also of course need to know how to row or do some matrix But that's something we tested on the first exam. So I'm assuming by now We're pretty good at that. But those three skills will be critical for this exam The last question there is technically question number 16 But that question is just to submit the notes That you were allowed for this exam for two points. That's just a pass fail thing You should prepare some notes prior to taking this exam. And so that'll then be question that that's that's exam number two Uh, so I think I think this is a pretty good coverage of topics study put in the work and you'll do just fine Of course, if you have any questions, feel free to reach out to your instructor Uh, that would be me and I'll be glad to help you through this process Just let me know if you have any questions


Hey guys, welcome back to another week of what's for dinner. My name is Andrea with food and entry adventures in food in My household. There's me my husband and our adorable one-year-old little boy Hey guys, so I am trying out a new recipe for dinner tonight three ingredient chicken wings and all you need are the chicken wings kiko minsoi sauce and Barbecue sauce and they suggested sweet baby rays and I actually have that or have that have that in my refrigerator So let me show you here So here is the barbecue sauce and I used low sodium soy sauce And I mixed it all up and then I am going to pour it over the wings And then you are supposed to put it in a pan and bake it at 400 for 40 minutes and then you turn it to broil for a few minutes and here are my wings Aren't these wings huge? I got these from Aldi before the wing shortage They are the biggest wings I have ever seen in my life And then I am going to make some mac and cheese to go along with it And Howard and I are not crazy about this mac and cheese So I am going to show you how I doctor it up with just a few simple ingredients So I will be right back All right guys, so I prepared the macaroni according to the package directions And now I am just going to add in a half a cup of sour cream and About a half a cup of cheese now you could add more if you want to I am going to add a half a cup of cheese in and then I am just going to give it a good stir So it can melt out for me All right, so I have a prepared greased 8 inch pan here just going to pour it in and What's so surprising is that the addition of these two ingredients makes such a big difference in the taste of this Macaroni and cheese just spread it out a little bit And then I'm going to sprinkle some more cheese on top Like I said if you want more cheese than what I'm adding go for it Or if you want to switch it up and use something that's not cheddar Then that's fine, too I'm just going to bake this at 350 until the cheese is melted usually about 20 minutes or so Okay, so here is our dinner here are the wings I ended up cooking them for about an hour 40 minutes was not enough I think because these wings are so big and I know you can't tell on camera, but they are absolutely huge We are having leftover green beans and then that I had in the fridge And then this is the macaroni and cheese that I doctored up now You could of course add a lot more cheese than I did but I was trying to be a little bit healthier But it's really amazing how just a couple of ingredients really changes the taste of that macaroni and cheese All right, so this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time Hey guys, so for dinner tonight, we are having an oldie, but goodie. It is orzo pasta with spinach and Parmesan I have made this several times before on our channel I discovered this recipe recently and it is so good It does call for spinach and I'm not a huge spinach fan, but I really like this dish a lot It's Meatless but not vegetarian because it does call for chicken base, but it is so good And I am serving it with some mini croissants that I picked up from Trader Joe's and this was my first time Making them and they're really good. You don't have to defrost these at all. You just throw them on a baking sheet and And they're ready to go and they're good very light and flaky They're absolutely delicious and I will definitely buy these again So, oh and I'll make sure to link the video with the with this recipe in The description box so you guys can check it out Alright, so this is what we're having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time Hey guys, it is a dreary and rainy day here in Texas So I am going to make some pantry tomato soup I love tomato soup and this recipe looks pretty simple. So you need either Two cans of tomato sauce or crushed tomatoes baking soda to neutralize the soup or the tomatoes I should say and you need two cans of evaporated milk hot sauce pepper and Greek seasoning and Basil now I wish I had fresh basil. I don't I don't even have dry basil So I'm gonna play around with the seasonings a little bit but go ahead and take a screenshot of this recipe because I did look for it online and I cannot find it so screenshot it if you want it, but I need to grab one more can of evaporated milk out of my pantry. I thought I thought it used just one and then I have a 28 28 ounce can of crushed tomatoes And then I think I'm gonna use some Italian seasoning garlic powder and then here's my baking soda So I'm gonna throw all of this together and I will be back Okay, so here is the tomato soup and it's actually pretty good. I like it I will say that the baking soda definitely did neutralize The tomato I've never cooked or use baking soda with a tomato product before So if you're how if you are a person that has problem with the acidity of tomatoes It would definitely work for you Howard said it doesn't taste as tomato-y to him Like it took away that acidic taste, but it's good. Very good I didn't I did end up adding some salt to it and then with it. I am having some cheesy breadsticks now Normally, I would have a grilled cheese sandwich with it, but a couple of years ago I had some of these exact breadsticks in the fridge from Aldi and I decided to have those with the tomato soup and Really really liked it a lot. So we just dunked these in the tomato soup like a marinara So this is just half of that box. The other half is Still sitting on my stove. So we have enough for leftovers tomorrow. Definitely So this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time Hey guys, so Howard went and got carry out for us tonight. It is a Vietnamese restaurant. We've never tried it before. So let me show you what we got. I got the Salted black pepper beef. So there's veggies in there and it comes with steamed white rice Howard got pad thai and then we got two appetizers. We got fried dumplings, which are these and then we got These are egg rolls. Are they egg rolls or spring rolls? They're spring rolls vegetable. I think spring rolls So this is what we're oh and it comes with dipping sauce Not sure what they are. So there's some dipping sauce down there and that of course is Harrison making all that noise All right, so this is what we're having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time Hey guys, so I thought I would pop in really quickly and show you guys what we are having for lunch today So I recently went to Costco and I saw this Miso ramen kit Howard and I both love ramen never tried it before but it was on sale So I think I got it for $4 off.  So We will be back and I'll show you how both bowls turned out and what we think of them Okay, so here are the bowls of soup. So this is how words again He made his in the microwave and then this is mine. I made mine on top of the stove They were both really easy and we both tasted The soup and it's really good. I would definitely buy it again. Howard would you want me to buy this again?  Yeah, so he said yeah, it's really good And again here is what the package looks like and I again got this at Costco. All right So we'll see you guys for dinner Hey guys, I went quick and easy for dinner tonight We are having big salads. So in my freezer I had this bag of Tyson crispy chicken strips. I only had a few chicken strips in there so I threw them in the air fryer and We are having it like I said giant salads. So this is Howard's plate and he has a chicken strips I also boiled up a couple of eggs. So he's got the chopped eggs. He's got an avocado that has seen better days He's got cheddar cheese and I think that's it He is going to use this kins creamy Caesar dressing and this is my salad I like my salad tossed. So I tossed my lettuce in this Olive Garden Italian dressing then I added everything else. So on mine, I've got the boiled eggs I've got the chicken strips And then I have Parmesan cheese. I may add some banana pepper rings to it. I'm not sure But anyway, this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we'll see you guys next time


Everybody force Jake and Jeff here. We got 2023 NT baseball Hobby four box hasten for 17 random team. Let's roll the dice and ran a good luck. No double sixes five and two seven seven on our random one two three four five six and seven Swaggy down to Minjuk and the teams here seven times two three four five six and seven Orioles down to Dodgers Let's go Dodgers f5 is refreshed by the way F5 is refreshed what telling you learning every single keyboard shortcut you can go a long way Swaggy with the O's mark a Phillies Ben B angels RB with the Cubs Chuck F. Braves Adam K. Brewers Ben B Rays Peter S. Padres Troy D twins Phil B blue Jays Kevin W. Mariners NAMQ Guardians James M Giants Peter S. Rangers Brian G. Diamondbacks Peter S. Tigers Julie C. Mets Ron R. Marlins Got Chris M. A's Jason T. Rockies Peter D. Red Sox Ronnie H. Cardinals Julie C. Yankees Royals Ron R. Nats White Sox Keith J Reds Brandon O. Pirates Jinwoo has the Astros and Minjoo with the Dodgers What was that dude? I Swear no Jeff. I got to show you this video I there's a clip of a few months ago it was him and Donnie And there's like there was a bit of like Packs out there on a table it fell completely off and it wasn't like on the edge Why don't I video the pack of the bin but I have a video of it happening and then like being freaked out There's no one else here. Yeah, like force like turn to his right and wasn't me and Donnie. Yeah, you and I Have a clip of it I'll just show you I'm afraid Niners are moving the ball down to the in alliance territory the ghost of baseball man. He's alive Just a ghost of late man Goes away. Yeah, there's no specific person. It's just Just definitely the biggest LV of Roger you go fan that I know Considering I've never I've never anybody I've never known anybody else is saying One of her songs it's all fortnight's fault man Stranger things starring late in sports cars crew got Cartaya to 99 on the Dodgers Jersey auto book Diego Cartaya fast car number to 10 is Tamar Johnson We get some thick sleeves and then I get a damn trunk keeps a lot open over there That's card a Romes Ramirez as a pirate. No way Romes Ramirez as a pirate That's sick. That is sick. That happens game warren. That's awesome That is awesome. Not the cubs of fire. That's why I love it. I'm so excited to use that for one day I will use that an immaculate. Now, you know one day that will be an immaculate Pirates cubs a Romes Ramirez I would cruise so 99 is it's a Randy Johnson treasured stats diamond backs Jersey to 49 big Al for the angels Angels pooh holes He's shame Jersey auto grab for kitty to me at 99 for the blue. You're wrong with jeez What do the wear this warehouse? Yeah us this building was built just before you come on He's how about the land maybe we are in Interesting area.  That's like the second or third jack lighter. I've ever I've ever pulled really Yeah, no tops on us for lighter Hopefully you can stay together And a cartaya our patch on to 99 for the Dodgers again We started with a cartaya and it with a cartaya. I wouldn't be shocked That was true. That came out to be true. I'd be a little surprised Oh That's your 40s over there Jake. Yeah That's what I'm saying Shane redemption Jackson choreo rookie senator jump a material booklet nice That's for the Brewers crew How'd you guys see cold keeps on yep six years 28 mil those small market teams are gonna start doing that a lot more now I think Hank giving prospects contracts more of the even recent majors Jersey to 49 is Mick able for the Phillies. I mean just look at what Atlanta has done though Like if Jackson choreo pans out like that's gonna be the Gigantic steel like if he lives up to his number two prospect billing Jersey prior Cubs of 99 Cubs mark prior game one Treasured stats insert is Marist for the Yankees 61 homers It's number to 61 You will Jersey Ken Griffey jr. Mariners the 35 nice. Let's go Side of the pool and icons Griffey auto. You can't wait. It's game worn right there. Nice Quad Jersey autograph goes to the Mets jet Williams out of 99 Jet the Met a triple Jersey autograph here Gavin cross Kansas City to 99 cross Gavin Hall of Fame snub Andrew Jones number to 10 on the field pass signatures I said Braves definitely Hall of Fame snub I just said son, it's it's son of drew. Wow. That's bad rookie. Auto Mickey. I'm 99 Good Lord get it together Wow results are in matters of the goal line And patch auto Ellie Dela Cruz the 25 Hey, I have his tops rookie coming out in a few weeks here Actually, we're like two weeks away from series one. That is that is bananas We're gonna make the Ellie I Know Chris. I know it's rough. It's rough, man. I Vaughan put a Same or whatever in the chat yesterday, and I put Sam I said Sam's I Bet the over in this game. It's looking like this game is gonna go over Over over family show What a dude It's a healing item for night is ready to tea for teen So 49 you've got Harold Bain's White Sox dual Jersey book It's a Jersey for the Rockies at the El Amador to 49 Jimmy crooks Jersey to 49 for the Cardinals was he was he 22 draft? Thanks. I remember his name Jimmy crooks Let's shake with the last box at bad enough. All right It's a 99 Jersey moose scouring Moose scouring Yankees Old-timers game-worn That guy's old That's a pass I was late any rest in peace. He did pass away, right? I'm not I don't want to say I don't want to say that. I thought he may have Jersey auto at the El Amador to 99 Iraqis they all amador Field pass auto Mario Soto going to the Reds Patch auto Tyler Gentry for the Royals But it's 10 other nice reds hit here little throwback He got Barry Larkin to 25 on the definitive ink and last hit of the box is Evan Carter number to 99 on the NT auto nice Awesome hit for the Rangers. Definitely one of the front runners for rookie of the year We'll probably open as the favorite in the American League Evan Carter, let's be nice. Just come up one world series Yeah, play like 20 major league baseball Like I was like Xander Bogarts in 2013 Carter better now than Bogarts was then Well guards got caught up like mid-September I guess it kind of helped happened early for me to 97 They wanted to read that was his first season, right? Yeah, Miguel Cabrera did the same thing 2003 he was like 19 He was the Yankees daddy though All right number to 25. He got Pittsburgh Ralph Kiner dual bat relic you bird Peaburg got White Sox Ted Lyons the 99 Jersey says coach Warren looks like leather. Yeah, that was the uniform. They all dealt with leather I've been there's a Down to one All right, so we got to get one-on-one filled up We got to get Phoenix and prison filled up guys one-on-one still has 13 to go Dual relic Eddie Murray for the Guardians of 25 steady Eddie Patch card out of 25 is common arrow for the rays Tommy Retro ink that's cool looking it's Javi Lopez for the Braves To 99 the first down. What's with the Niners and I'd be able to stop the run here Patch auto Brando Maya to 25 Yankees New York is the die-cut like the stream everybody. Mm-hmm. Like the stream Spencer Jones patch auto To 99 Spence says Spence Spence Sean we're here. He would do he would do a thumbs down Big poppy autograph to a five legacy signatures Red Sox like that one The egg poppy next one's cool looking to Eckler's Choice patch auto true Jones a 25 That's a great patch three colors the scene I think so yeah, it has to be and on the back is gonna be a Kyle Manzardo Tampa Bay Jersey auto to 99 Guardian legend now Kyle at Manzardo Give me a moment. Everybody will do a recap So follows clues you just sold out a Thomas Jefferson Who pulled Thomas Jefferson? Arbor, what are you talking about? Let's do it slinging first downs right now Plus all confidants lost it That guy he's been lost that guy started drinking at probably 8 a.m. Today Our drink coffee this guy's got got the got the wine key out got relics of our armistice mirrors as a pirate Cominero lions Eddie Murray as a guardian Amador scouring Jimmy Crooks Maris inserts Griffey Mark Pryor make able to mark Johnson Albert Pujols as an angel and ready Johnson insert as well. I was blessed with you Robert Boson confidant 25 ha ha's earlier autos of Amador the lighter Andrew Jones Evan Carter That's Javi Lopez for a redemption Jackson choreo a David Ortiz drew Jones Kyle Manzardo Spencer Jones Brando Maella at Tyler Gentry Barry Larkin Mario Soto Mick Abel Diego Cartaglia Gavin Cross God Jet Williams Alex Ramirez Davidson de la Santos and Ricky Tiedemann and a patch out of LED la Cruz for the Reds Thanks again everybody basketball is coming up next


And they awaited APC parties, Congresses are finally here, amid the internal crisis, the party shadowed September 4th for the exercise. Justin Talbukhu was at one of the locations to monitor the process. Osheri's solo local government is one of the locations for the party's Congresses. Today, and in line with the party's constitution, the Congresses have been held across the 36 states and FCT to elect world's local government and state officials. It is now time for the elected officials to take the oath of allegiance. Thousands of people are here in the position of the chairman. And I thank God that it is me that God has united to be the chairman of the party. My first assignment is to go deep down and reconcile with everybody. I don't feel for shaman, I don't feel for delegate or whatever. My first assignment is to reconcile with everybody. So all of us will not be on the same page. The chairman Osheri's solo local government stipulates what it is expected of newly elected officials. Advise them to be upright, to always abide by the party rules and regulations and to take the party to the next height. With the harmonized list, the leaders, the elders, the youth, we all came together to present a confront to lead the party so that 2023 we can increase the vote. The Congress was peaceful. According to Congress committee, persons selected and elected to occupy positions in the works was based on persons with the highest degree of good character, competence and capacity. Just enter Obuco for Plus TV Africa.


Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and to our leader this evening, Catherine, ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, diplomats, excellencies, leaders of our public sector, the Chief of Navy, I see in the front row here, and so many friends and colleagues who have joined us here tonight, but most particularly the author, Professor Metcalf. Thank you for your welcome and your kind introduction. Helen, please pass on our very best wishes from a long distance to Brian. I also acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which we are meeting here this evening, the Ngunnawal people, and pay my respects to their elders past and present and emerging. I also acknowledge my colleague in the Senate, the Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator Wong. We are both, I presume, in the midst of estimates, travails of one sort and another, and you will hopefully excuse at the very least my early departure during this evening's proceedings. It is, as Helen has reminded us, always good to be here at ANU and particularly at the National Security College, ANU itself, an institution that has led and defined our national discourse for decades. I want to start by congratulating our author, by congratulating Professor Metcalf on contest for the Indo-Pacific and its US version, which as Rory reminds me, has to have the word America in it to be sold in the United States, productively. The opportunities and the challenges that are explored in this work are not actually academic, because as Australia's foreign minister, I and the government deal with them in one way or another every day. I want to focus tonight on how we perceive and how we respond to the notion of a contest. There is a somewhat persistent chorus about how we live in a time of great power competition, but really that begs the question of whether that's all that's going on in the 21st century. And I think it's far from the reality. The numerous risks and challenges facing our region, which are supercharged by unprecedented connectivity and technology, have motivated us to think hard about how we define and actively project our national voice in what is admittedly a much more complex world. We cannot and we will not be a passive player as the world changes in our region and more broadly. As power, wealth and influence has moved rapidly back to our region in recent decades, Australia is well placed to contributing to shaping what Rory observes as the centre of gravity in a connected world. That's what our region expects of us.  That includes our steadfast support for free and liberal trading rules which have underpinned Australia's 29 years of consecutive annual economic growth. Our clear and equivocal advocacy of resilient sovereign states that determine their own futures in their national interests and cooperate on the basis of shared interests. Our defence of individual human rights and freedoms in the face of illiberal and authoritarian oppression. Our practical and positive vision for an Indo-Pacific in which states and individuals make their own decisions free from coercion and intimidation. And as the contest for the future of our region intensifies, we're clear in articulating and promoting the fact that Australia's perspectives, Australia's values, Australia's principles have universal application. The government is focused on playing our role in shaping the evolution of the Indo-Pacific in ways that advance the interests of Australia and other countries in the region. The environment that will best support us through the 2030s and beyond is one that is open, inclusive and prosperous. And this is the one that we will continue to promote. And it's in this vein that I commend Rory's contribution. It has pirates, elephants, dragons, empires, presidents and a phantom menace. It's fast paced, a letter to the Indo-Pacific that is fundamentally optimistic about the role that Australia can play. As Professor Medcaf rightly reflects, Australia was the first government to formally start using the concept of the Indo-Pacific as our strategic framework for the critical region in which we live. In fact, we've been using the term Indo-Pacific for almost as long as Rory. Australia is a nation that is deeply ingrained in both the Pacific and Indian oceans. The term Indo-Pacific, as the book records, serves as a signal that we do not and should not see our region in terms of false binaries. Our region is made up of much more than the strategic competition between the United States and China. Indeed, we share one of the core premises of Professor Medcaf's book, that the regional players, not just the global superpowers, can have a profound impact in shaping the region's future. Australia is doing this through our expanded and deepened engagement, both through our Pacific step-up and with the region more broadly. Our approach to the Indo-Pacific has ASEAN centrality at its heart. As ASEAN nations said last year in their outlook on the Indo-Pacific, they want a region marked by peace, stability, security and prosperity. So do we. As the Prime Minister has said, this means backing the rights of all nations, large and small, to make their own decisions, to be who they are. We're engaged at all levels with our South East Asian friends and neighbours. In February, I became Australia's first foreign minister to make a bilateral visit to Brunei. I travelled again to Indonesia in early December with Minister Reynolds for our annual two plus two meeting. And of course, we recently hosted and welcomed President Wododo here in Australia. Before that, my counterpart from Malaysia, Saifud and Abdullah. In fact, on a cursory examination of the last few years, I know that I've visited nine out of ten, one to go. As ASEAN's either as Defence Minister or as Foreign Minister for very productive exchanges and engagements in the last four and a half years. Our relationships in the region have grown and changed. They are richer and more buried than in the past. And they reflect South East Asia's growing economic heft, shown in particular by things like the Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and the regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which again has ASEAN at its core. The Indo-Pacific region has its share of challenges, as I said. Long-term shifts in power relatives, unpredictable development trajectories, economic instability from time to time and the need for infrastructure, the recognition of the impact of natural disasters and climate change amongst them. New and complex challenges will emerge over the coming years, and a reading of the final chapter of Professor Medcalf's book adverts to many of those. But the key principles that guide our engagement with the region must remain consistent. A commitment to open markets with trade relationships based on rules, not coercion. An approach which protects sovereignty and builds resilience, respect for international law and the peaceful resolution of disputes without the threat or use of coercive power. A commitment to supporting ASEAN centrality and strong and resilient regional architecture. We are putting these principles into practice every day. Our focus is on encouraging the strongest possible US engagement in the region's economic and security affairs based on our enduring alliance. On working more closely than ever before with other partners like Japan and Indonesia, India, South Korea and Vietnam. A constructive relationship with China, whereby we pursue the key aspects of our broader relationship and trade, all the while managing those issues on which we have differences. Both stepping up in the Pacific across the board and maintaining our focus on continuing to be a partner of choice in Southeast Asia. Building resilience and leading collaboration on issues such as cyber security, on infrastructure development and maritime security. And speaking up to preserve the established rules and norms to guide constructive cooperation. Indeed, we share one of the core premises of Rory's book. That was not quite what I meant to do. Indeed, I'm sorry, this is an agenda that has a great deal of momentum behind it. Across the entire government, we are, as a team, putting our shoulders to the same wheel. So it's challenging as our strategic paradigm is. Rory's book is not essentially pessimistic and nor are we. It's been a challenging start to the decade, by any means. I don't know about you, but Christmas seems a very long time ago. We have had significant bushfires. We've seen the increase of tensions between Iran and the United States. We have the outbreak of a coronavirus, the impacts of which are still playing out. Ladies and gentlemen, as Australian policymakers, grapple with these challenges. Professor Medkaaf has, in his work before us today, made what I regard as a deeply insightful and timely contribution that I commend to you all. I have had it in estimates with me this week, which accounts for the blank cover. Too many ministers before me have been pinged for their reading material. I think I would have been proud of this one, but why create a story if you don't have to. Thank you all for your support and interest this evening. I wish Professor Medkaaf the very best with his work, the very best here in Australia and internationally, indeed, as Helen observed. And I look forward to hearing much more from those who have had an opportunity to read it. Thank you. Thank you, Senator Payne. I can't let this moment pass. It's a particular pleasure for me in the week that ANU advertises the position of director for the Global Institute for Women's Leadership here in the Pacific. It is a particular pleasure for me to be introducing both the Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, and indeed the Secretary for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, all of whom are women. And this is, I'm sure, really will indulge me in just commenting that this is both unusual, but hopefully something that will remain unusual for not too much longer. Anyway, moving along, it's my very great pleasure to introduce Senator, the Honourable Penny Wong, the Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and Leader of the Opposition in the Senate. Senator Wong is the first woman to hold both of her roles. She's been the Shadow Foreign Minister since 2016 and has been a consistently strong voice on Australia's place in the world and our Indo-Pacific region. Senator Wong is also a good friend of the college and the ANU, including the colleges Biennial Women in National Security Conference. So please join me in welcoming Senator Wong. Can I start by acknowledging the traditional owners of this land on which we meet and paying my respects to the eldest, past and present. Thank you for that introduction, Helen. Can I acknowledge my parliamentary colleague, the Minister, to Secretary Adamson, Secretary Moriarty, to Nick Warner, senior members of the Defence Force, Chief of Navy, to Excellencies and members of the Diplomatic Corps, Professor Metcalf, it's thank you very much for the opportunity to be here and to participate in this launch of what is a very important contribution to Australia's foreign policy debate. I am grateful to have been asked to launch this and to be here with Maurice to affirm our bipartisan approach to the Indo-Pacific and to the challenge of fully realising Australia's place in it. More so, I'm particularly grateful that Rory has been willing to take on the task this book represents. You see, admiring the problem is relatively easy. Many an elegant phrase has been written about the present disruption and describing the strategic competition that defines our current circumstances. It is far harder to posit how we might respond. Certainly when I took on this portfolio, I commented that the playbook of decades past may be of limited utility in dealing with the challenges that lie ahead. That's a confronting realisation for us and one which gives rise to a wide range of consequences and demands. Amongst these is a willingness to go beyond existing habits and comfortable orthodoxies to take on the risk of articulating different approaches. That can be risky, but it is exactly what we need from policy makers, thinkers and practitioners and this is what Rory has done. So I thank him for that and thank also the National Security College and the ANU for this contribution. So within that frame I want to share briefly my impressions of this book. In the time frame I have these are necessarily truncated. Edgar, Rory's son is reading the book, he described it as somewhat dense. I think he means in terms of content. So I will do my best to give you a brief take out from my perspective. First the Indo-Pacific is both a strategic construct and mental map of our region is key to navigating our present circumstances. As you know Labor was an early adopter of the Indo-Pacific perspective, thanks primarily to prominent Western Australians Kim Beasley and Steven Smith. This was continued by Prime Minister Rodin Gillard and I'm pleased that the bipartisan acceptance of the Indo-Pacific as our primary region of strategic interest has continued. Australia as a dual ocean facing middle or rather substantial power faces an increasingly competitive relationship between our closest ally and our largest economic partner. And we must do more than simply navigate the slipstream of great power competition. Secondly, adhering to the binary of choice between the US and China, a narrative that is constructed primarily as one of containment or accommodation is not in our interests. As a US ally, security partner and friend we have already made a choice. But that is not the end of the matter. Realising the region we want in the decades ahead demands multi-parlarity, not just binary competition. You see our real choice is actually what sort of region we want and how we best work towards that. Thirdly, shaping the region we want highlights importance of partnerships in our region. Professor Medkaaf writes of the difference that middle powers can make whilst working together and while their vital interests are at stake. Fourth, the risk of armed mistrust between the world's two largest economies is becoming too prevalent. Competition in certain sectors is outweighing cooperation and there is a rising risk of confrontation by mistake or by design. Amongst these elevated risks, of course, is climate change, encapsulated by the author as a potent interplay between vulnerable populations, rival nations and extreme weather events. And of course there is the more impending risk of a global pandemic and the stress this gives rise to in terms of the international health system and the global economy. It is a particularly acute risk in developing countries. The consequential imperative for our government is to work to elevate cooperation and those mechanisms that lessen the risk of escalation. Whether this is through diplomatic architecture, confidence building measures for practical risk reduction, working to build greater predictability and transparency to lessen the likelihood of confrontation or generating cooperation around shared interests, we need to tilt the balance away from competition and confrontation. As Rory points out coexistence reinforced by diplomacy and deterrence is essential to our interests. This task demands a comprehensive Indo-Pacific strategy that has the resources to demonstrate our consistency in the region and ensures that outcomes are not only determined by power. I regret that this task has not been helped by the government's step down in our development assistance to Southeast Asia. We also need to work together to enhance the resilience of the Australian nation to navigate this period. As Rory makes clear this calls for a better integration of policy across security, economics, diplomacy and the information sphere. We need to work to get beyond zero some false binaries with position security against economics. And I would also add we need less domestic politics and greater bipartisanship. But by partisanship I mean less an absence of disagreement and rather more shared purpose and deeper engagement across the parliament and across the parties of government. Which is why in Rory's own words it was short-sighted that parliamentarians continued to be denied comprehensive briefings on China by our security agencies. It stands to reason that the discussion on managing this complex and consequential relationship can only be enhanced by access to sound analysis. And while efforts to safeguard our sovereignty are necessary we also need to ensure that our communities, particularly ethnic Chinese communities are not marginalised as a result. Remember defending our democracy is about protecting the equal rights of all Australians as citizens. So the Indo-Pacific perspective is necessary is a necessary prerequisite to the realisation and protection of Australian interests. But it is not of itself sufficient. Our capacity to prosecute our interests is also intrinsically influenced by our identity. The narrative of who we are as a nation and as a people. And in order to be a trusted partner and champion of our values and interests we need to deepen our understanding of the region and we need to more effectively tell our own story.  Elevating these dynamic diaspora stories must be at the forefront of our engagement in the region, particularly Southeast Asia. And we are also home to the world's oldest living culture. But the stories of our First Nations peoples are not told enough. In this unprecedented information age a unifying and inclusive national story which more fully expresses who we are only serves to strengthen our relationship with our neighbours and Australia's place in the region. Our aspiration should be to work together to shape the region we want at all levels politically, economically, strategically and culturally. Rory's book is a vital contribution to this important ongoing discussion. So I thank him for his preparedness to take on the thorny issues and complex problems that demand solutions. And I thank him for his graciousness in inviting me to be part of launching it. Thank you Senator Wong. So we've heard from two people who have read the book. Probably about time we heard from the person who wrote the book. So without further ado it gives me very great pleasure to welcome Professor Rory Madcough to the stage. Thank you. Thank you very much Professor Sullivan. And I want to extend particular thanks both to the minister, to Senator Payne and also to Senator Wong for I think I was very gracious but also rather insightful remarks as well. It's great to see that these are such live issues. I'll also of course join my colleagues in acknowledging the traditional owners of the land than unawal people and their elders past, present and emerging. Now I warn you all there are going to be some maps in a moment in my students. My students at the National Security College are all too all too familiar with what that means. But I promise there won't be many. You're going to have to read the book if you want the full cartographic horror. Seriously though it's really good to see that in such a disrupted world we're getting a sense of agreement on such important things. By partisanship at least on the need for this country to make its way in the Indo-Pacific. This is the place in the world I would argue that for Australia is literally home between of course the sea lanes of the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. At one level the subject of the book I guess seems obvious and my apologies to those colleagues from the Department of Defence who drew the original of this map which the excellent ANU cartographic service, our own geospatial agency here at the ANU have kindly I guess replicated for the purposes of my book. But quite seriously Australia's place in the world defines the opportunities and the limits of what we can achieve as a country what we can do to protect and to advance our interests. Now as explained in my book in contests of the Indo-Pacific and as noted by our speakers Australia was the first country to declare this redefined region of basis for policy and governments from both sides have built this vision such that what we would call an Indo-Pacific strategy connecting ways means and ends is now the holy grail for Australian foreign policy and frankly it's the holy grail for every foreign and security policy in the region. Easier said than done. As an Australian I would say that with the Indo-Pacific we no longer need to ask the region whether we're a part of it by definition Australia is here. What exactly though do we mean by the Indo-Pacific? Why should a mere map and there are skeptics and I fully sympathise with you but why should a mere map matter to the fates of nations and to the welfare of people. These are absolutely the right questions in this age when from bushfires to pandemics we're seeing so-called black swans spreading their wings across the region. Well I would say we're talking really about mental maps that is maps in the mind that are about power they're about priorities they're about imagination. These maps throughout history have defined the allocation of resources and attention the ranking of friends and prospective foes as well who is invited and who is overlooked at the top tables of diplomacy what gets talked about what gets done and what does not. They also go to the question of military capabilities and investment of infrastructure and what are the risk vectors that we need to meet and where do we meet them.  The maritime region centred on Southeast Asia connected by the sea to the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. And I'd argue that it has replaced what was known as the Asia Pacific which itself provided great utility for the past few decades of the 20th century but in these things nothing is permanent. And I would note naming our former Chancellor Gareth Evans for a moment that the Asia Pacific was the received wisdom when I was a somewhat more clean shaven recruit to the Australian Foreign Ministry back in the era of Gareth Evans and Alexander Downer. Now the Asia Pacific was useful in its time because it was essential to the diplomacy of bringing together North America, East Asia and the Pacific at the end of the Cold War and it was a novelty too. In fact it took many years to catch on. Including in China such that by the time it finally did its days were already numbered because the Asia Pacific blanked out the Indian Ocean, India, South Asia it inadvertently downplayed the centrality of Southeast Asia and it did not envisage how far and how fast China's interests and power and ambition would compel it to turn south and west and indeed across the sea. In fact the very same year that China joined APEC that gathering of 14 men, I should note for our guests that gathering of 14 men in windy Seattle in 1993, China crossed an even more momentous threshold because its runaway economy made it a net importer of oil. Thus it was a matter of time before China would return its navy to the Indian Ocean for the first time in 600 years going Indo-Pacific and this time planning to be there to stay. So this idea of the Indo-Pacific is reflecting those larger horizons of connectivity of contestation of risk that have evolved over the past 20 years. It's what we would call a many-sided region. It's multi-polar. My book argues that this is a region defined by the intersecting interests of many powers and importantly it encourages agency among middle players such as Australia, such as Indonesia, India, Japan and others. Solidarity and strength that they draw from their shared position in this vast space. This is a region made for multi-polarity and too big for hegemony. In fact, I would argue that the apparent ambitions we're seeing from China across the Indo-Pacific, the Belt and Road and a footprint of security presence and political influence will prove unsustainable over time. We're seeing this year of course the public health and economic crisis of coronavirus and I believe that this provides a moment of reflection for us all to think about the risks for any country of overstretch, especially due to combinations of domestic pressures and indeed the pushback and the staying power of other countries which want to seek that greater solidarity through the Indo-Pacific geography. It's a contention of my book and I would argue that frankly in the long run this is in China's interests too but other nations standing firm to help China find a kind of a settling point in the Indo-Pacific short of confrontational conflict. This is in everyone's interest. Now I think we heard a little bit about dragons and pirates and such like that I've tried to liven up my book with and I'm sure my son will get to those bits in time but the past does hold really important clues as to why I think any power and for now that means China will struggle to dominate the Indo-Pacific. As I warned it's a book about history and it's a little book about maps as well and it's important I think to see that the Indo-Pacific which many of us think of is simply a useful tool for policy makers in the present time is actually a more viable description of the way our region has evolved throughout history. So a quick detour through maps. This particular map the Cognito map from 1402 1402 in Korea very powerfully captured the fact that Asia was always one in a sense but more I guess of the the Mandala I guess rather than a centre with many tributaries. Asia was united through many centres, many belts, many roads, many influences, many cultures. And so we see a map here for example that captures East Asia, South Asia and indeed Africa all in the one frame in the early 1400s reflecting also contact with Europe. We have to know that the term the Indo-Pacific is not so new in fact it's recorded use goes back to around 1850. Science has long defined the Indo-Pacific as a connected space in the biogeography of ocean currents and marine science. So just ask the fish if you wonder about the connectivity of our region and the human precursors of the Indo-Pacific go back thousands of years to a proto economy of regional maritime trade and migration across this space. And then of course during recorded history this was followed by the spread of Hinduism and Islam and Buddhism to South East Asia and beyond Buddhism to China of course Japan and Korea. We saw Chinese tributary relations to South East Asia and very briefly to the Indian Ocean. And then of course we saw European colonialism and the consequent Pan-Asian resistance right across the map. In fact if you track the history of our region if you uncover the submerged history of our region from the 15th century to the 20th century the typical map of Asia caught the sweep of the Indo-Pacific two oceans India, South East Asia and China in a single frame. Now we should move briefly to the colonial period because this map which is my favourite and you'll find it in the book by Autelius of Antwerp one of the great cartographers of the 1500s captured in 1570 a world that we can recognise if you spare for a moment the sea monsters, the mermaids and so forth perhaps more or less fictional than the nine dash line but I can leave that to others to debate. It captures all of maritime Asia in a single frame. The seaports and the sea lanes the archipelago of South East Asia are central then just as now America actually matters and there it is along with what just may be the edge of Australia. In fact quite tantalisingly even in the world of 1570 someone seemed to know something about the special quality of this continent because if you look at that tiny little fragment of what just may be Australia in the centre of the southern edge of the map it's labelled beach. So moving on briefly through the colonial era the age of empires came and with it all of the all of the brutality all of the dark side of colonialism but also the binding the breaking and the binding the breaking the binding of the region again with a global system until we moved of course to what I would call the Indo-Pacific war that ended in 1945.  If you look at the 17th, 18th 19th century conceptions of Asia both European and Asians alike imagined a increasingly and increasingly modern region as a recognisable Indo-Pacific maritime system significantly for Australia of course the idea that our region was essentially the Indo-Pacific goes back to 1848 and this wonderful map from the journal of the explorer Thomas Mitchell who was incidentally trying to find an overland route to get cavalry horses to India. You see even in those days we are spied to a defence export industry but Mitchell discovered I guess not only a land route to the north he also recognised the importance of those sea lanes to India to Southeast Asia to China and North Asia as being integral to Australia's region and identity and it's striking to see that his insights remain relevant to the present day the north and the western coasts of the country accentuated as gateways to Asia. Of course Mitchell meets his match in the modern time with a Chinese cartographic researcher how Zhejiang whose new Asia focus world map house map pivots to just as Mitchell's did and reimagines the grove quite powerfully will come back to that map in a moment. In the meantime it's worth noting that pivoting maps is quite in vogue and in fact this map that has been used by our defence minister accentuates also India and Southeast Asia accentuating Australia's geography for monitoring those sea lanes into the Indian Ocean. But let's go back to to house map for a moment because it's it's fascinating it was authorised by the Chinese government in the same year in 2013 the same year that the Belt and Road Initiative got underway. And as I said maps reflect not only power but strategic imagination. And I think this map speaks of ambition. It illuminates a certain world view note interestingly how the American continent is bisected and consigned to the edges of the world. But most curiously it centres the world not on China but on the Indian Ocean. It reinforces the idea I think that the Maritime Silk Road the ocean part of the Belt and Road is central to China's geoeconomic ambitions, opportunity and indeed risk as well. And of course this is reflected in many ways in visions of the Belt and Road that amorphous initiative that many of us still struggle to define. Our friends in China may not claim to like the term the Indo-Pacific but I think Chinese policy is living it. In fact, China has an Indo-Pacific strategy. The Maritime Silk Road the Indo-Pacific with Chinese characteristics. And this raises many questions. Are we I guess mistaken in Australia to be fixated on the maritime when of course Eurasia the land connections matter too. Now I would argue that for as long as sea transport is cheaper than land transport by bulk we will continue to see the sea prevail over the land but I'm happy to have that debate. And of course in military power sea power has a distinctive quality too that maritime nations like Australia know full well which is why I suspect nations like China are turning to the sea. In fact, it's interesting that if you turn to the military dimension of the Indo-Pacific and what in the book are termed I guess the far flung battle lines of the major powers in this region of both contest and cooperation. Again, the map the mental map that is informing much of that strategic policy is increasingly a two ocean map. Indeed, the Indian Ocean dominates the fascinating map that you see here in this photograph of the PLA battle command centre a few years ago when Xi Jinping staged a national televised video conference with the newly opened military base that China was establishing in far off Djibouti. Now my book does not take an entirely zero sum view of strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific. Rather, the argument I'm trying to develop here is that China's geoeconomic and strategic ambitions across the region and I would have to say the expectations and somewhat cultivated nationalism of the Chinese public are creating pressures perhaps unbearable pressures for the Chinese leadership to deploy military to new places from the Indian Ocean to Africa to the Pacific and over time as happens throughout history the risks will rise that China will feel the need to use these forces and the consequences cannot be foreseen. Of course, the United States and other powers are also competing with and seeking to counter China's expanded strategic presence. The imperative for a middle power like Australia is I think to encourage as we've heard the right combination of defence deterrence and diplomacy to manage these differences and mistrust in ways that lead neither to capitulation nor to conflict. The beauty of the Indo-Pacific in my view is that it lends potential for new security partnerships across dissolved geographic boundaries. Hence those efforts to forge security links with India, Indonesia, Japan and to engage the United States in groups beyond the traditional alliance and to invite global stakeholders of the region to play their part global stakeholders like for example France and other European powers. The downside of course is that this is a region that is simply too large and my critics and the critics of the Indo-Pacific concept have a good point there. It's too large a space in which any nation can fully protect its interests alone. So if you look at the lines of connectivity that have built up in the region, our interests in these lifelines of energy, trade, of infrastructure of information of people and so forth this is a set of interests that no one country can protect alone. No island is an island in this region. And contagion not just pandemic but financial, economic, cyber, conflict, environmental can spread rapidly across this region in ways that no single power can manage. And this is starkly illustrated by the coronavirus crisis. My book concludes with a chapter about these black swans and these shocks of political legitimacy and of course I went to print on the 8th of January when I suspect not even the Chinese leadership had full knowledge perhaps of what was occurring in China. So perhaps I hope there'll be a second edition. But even as I guess China's strategic assertiveness in the region continues and we see fishing fleets and paramilitary vessels and the Navy operating further afield new data is reflecting a sudden fall if you like almost a collapse in the lines on this map. New data recently has shown shipping, commercial shipping to and from Chinese ports is almost at a standstill. Companies are looking to their supply chains. Diversification is becoming a necessity, not just an aspiration. Domestically, there is a shock to people's confidence in the Chinese leadership and indeed the competence and the intent of the party. Internationally, there are challenges to China's image and questions being asked in those countries that have tied their fortunes to the Belt and Road. Now, of course, this is not just about zero sum competition. Coronavirus is a human tragedy, a public health crisis and economic crisis for all countries. This is a lose, lose story. The prospect ahead involves maladies for many countries and they have their own challenges. There's no question that the United States is now desensitized to political trauma within. It struggles to convince its allies that the great republic actually means what the president says because many in the United States system will tell you the republic does not mean what the president says. And the United States is struggling to define its own Indo-Pacific strategy to compete with China in a stable post-primacy future. India, for all of its youth and diversity and promise, is in conflict with itself and undermining the very democratic values that are its long-term strength. So I make no claim about how solidarity among the Indo-Pacific partners will withstand the crisis of 2020. I do think, however, that many nations are reaching a critical moment of self-reflection. There's little sign yet that these moments are bringing about a reduction in strategic rivalry, but there is an opportunity for middle players and middle powers like Australia to emphasise now coexistence and cooperation based on shared interests, on mutual respect and on honest communication. Let me conclude here and a small acknowledgement of the Chief of Navy who I believe is in the audience this evening. The final image captures, I think, one of the most tangible moments of my research and I can still feel the humidity as HMAS Canberra came in to arrive at the Port of Tanjung Priok north of Jakarta during the Indo-Pacific Endeavour activity last year. I thank the Chief of Navy for his willingness to let academics loose on board the nation's warships. It's a reminder, though, of a few things. Not only Chief of the professionalism of our Navy, but the many layers of the waterfront of Indo-Pacific connection, connectivity and contestation. Because here, just for a moment, we saw those parallel worlds of military power, of sea power and commerce, the engine of global growth, of regional growth and of human well-being. And here was also for Australia a major moment in Indo-Pacific partnership. A warm welcome to Jakarta. The recent declaration by the Indonesian president, Joko Wododo, that Australia is Indonesia's best friend. And this probably could have been reported with a bit more emphasis in the Australian media. Australia is Indonesia's best friend in the region. That's an exceptional sign, I think, of how far Australia has come in convergent interests with the power that is actually at the crossroads of the Indo-Pacific. Because the Indo-Pacific is not only about India. Indonesia matters very much in this conception. To conclude, the Indo-Pacific is, in my view, an authentically Australian idea. But with nations from Indonesia to the other Azians, to India, to Japan, to the United States, to France, endorsing their own variants, it is also genuinely of this region, which I would call a sea with many flags. Thank you.


Hello everybody, Hoodicopal Commander 788 here, and this is a very quick look at the 1982 G.I. Joe Laser Rifle Trooper codename Flash. Now if you hear the name Flash, you may think of the superhero Flash, or maybe Flash Gordon, but this guy probably isn't the first person you would think of. He was among the first series of G.I. Joe figures when the line was relaunched in 1982, but after that first year, he was mostly forgotten. And then of course in the G.I. Joe animated series, the entire G.I. Joe team carried laser rifles, so a laser rifle specialist like this would have been redundant. Flash came with a standard helmet and a clear visor that was removable. He came with his laser rifle and the rifle had a long thin piece of plastic that came off the back of it and connected to his backpack. Now this figure is complete, but I'm not quite ready to review him yet. I do think that this figure ought to be reviewed with his swivel arm version that came out the following year. I don't think the swivel arm version of the 1982 figures deserve their own review. They really should be included in an overall review of the 1982 figure. So until I get the swivel arm version, I'm not quite ready to review this guy yet, but I'm looking forward to doing that pretty soon. He was one of the more interesting figures from 1982, but that's just a quick look at it for right now. I hope you enjoyed it. And I hope you'll keep checking back for more vintage G.I. Joe toy reviews coming up. Thanks for watching and I'll see you soon.