Problem one. A 30 kilogram object initially traveling at 5 meters per second experiences a constant horizontal acceleration of 10 meters per second squared due to the action of a resultant force applied for 10 seconds. Determine the amount of work done to accelerate the mass in kilojoules. So let's pick out these pieces of information. A 30 kilogram object, therefore, the mass of our object is going to be 30 kilograms. Initially traveling at 5 meters per second, so let's call it an initial velocity or v1, 5 meters per second. Experiences a constant horizontal acceleration of 10 meters per second, so constant acceleration of 10 meters per second. Due to the action of a resultant force applied for 10 seconds. So I'm going to say that the time period is 10 seconds long. Determine the amount of work done to accelerate the mass in kilojoules means that we're looking for a total work. So this would be a capital W as opposed to say specific work, which would be a lowercase w kilojoules per kilogram or a power, which would be w dot kilojoules per second. So we have a couple of different options for approaching this problem. I prefer to approach it using an energy balance. It's thermal, if in doubt, do an energy balance. So we have a mass experiencing a horizontal acceleration. So if I were to establish that object, the mass of that object as my system, and do an energy balance on it, I'd be able to talk about the different forms that energy is appearing. So we have the change in energy of the system is equal to the energy into the system minus the energy out. Now the problem didn't indicate any ways for the energy to be leaving, so we're going to be ignoring that for the moment. That leaves us with delta E and energy in. So if I ignore everything else except for the information that was given in the problem, the energy change of our system would be expressed as a change in velocity. So that's going to be our kinetic energy. So my change in energy in my system is going to be the change in kinetic energy of my object. And then the energy into the system would be the work done to accelerate the mass. So my energy in is just going to be a work in. And I got this change in kinetic energy by remembering that when we talk about the change in energy of a closed system that could be kinetic energy, it could be potential energy, and it could be internal energy. In this case, I'm ignoring potential energy, it's a horizontal acceleration, and I'm ignoring internal energy changes. That leaves us with just kinetic energy. It's a closed system because it's assumed that the mass of our object doesn't change. So we have the change in kinetic energy of our system is equal to the work in. So we could calculate the work in by figuring out what the kinetic energy of our object is at the end of the process. Call that kinetic energy 2 minus the kinetic energy at the beginning of the process, kinetic energy 1. And then I know that I can, let me zoom in a little bit, a little bit easier to write, I know that I can calculate kinetic energy by taking 1 half times the mass of our object times the velocity squared. So this would be 1 half m2 v2 squared minus 1 half m1 v1 squared. And now I know that 1 half can come out, and the mass doesn't change. Therefore, m2 is equal to m1, they're both 30 kilograms, so that can also come out of my equation here. Or rather, I can bring it out front. So I have 1 half times the mass times v2 squared minus v1 squared. So in this equation, I know mass that was given, I know v1 that was given. So if I had the velocity at state 2, I could calculate the work in. But I don't have a velocity at state 2. However, I know enough information to be able to calculate it. Because I know that it's initially traveling at 5 meters per second and it accelerated constantly for 10 seconds at a rate of 10 meters per second squared. So every second, the velocity increased by 10 meters per second. So you could use that to deduce that, well, 10 meters per second per second multiplied by 10 seconds means an increase in velocity of 100 meters per second. Therefore, v2 is 105. But if you wanted to use the equations of motion, we could do that too. We could step back to the fact that acceleration is a change in velocity with respect to time. So I could rewrite this as being dv is equal to acceleration times change in time. I can get rid of the differentials here by integrating. So the integral of dv would be delta v. It's an excellent triangle. And then in this case, the acceleration is constant. So the acceleration comes out of the integral. I'm left with a times the integral of dt. And that would just be a times delta t. Now, I know that delta v is going to be v2 minus v1. And delta t was given 10 seconds. So I'll leave that as delta t. So I could write my v2 as being v1 plus acceleration times change in time. So this would be 5 meters per second plus 10 meters per second squared times 10 seconds. My second squared drops to just seconds. So I have 5 meters per second plus 10 times 10 meters per second. So this would be 105 meters per second. And just to be safe here, I'm going to try to get into the habit of double checking these calculations with a calculator. Shouldn't rely on my mental math too often. So let's see here. 5 plus 10 times 10 is 105. Awesome. So I know that the velocity at state 2 is 105 meters per second. I can use that with the equation I just came up with and calculate a work in. So my work in is going to be 1 half times the mass, which in this case was 30 kilograms, times the quantity v2 squared minus v1 squared. Remember that because the squareds are on the individual velocities here, that's not mathematically the same as v2 minus v1 quantity squared. You can't just take 105 minus 5 squared. Introduce them individually. So this would be 105 meters per second squared. Yeah, there we go. Minus 5 meters per second squared. So 1 half times 30 times 105 squared minus 5 squared. So 0.5 times 30 times quantity 105 raised to the 2 minus 5 raised to the 2 gives me an answer of, whoops, I did not type in my parentheses correctly. So let's try that again. That's an H. There we go. Squared minus 5 squared parentheses. There we go. So I have 165,000. Now, what are the units on this? Well, I have kilograms times meters per second squared minus meters per second squared. So this is going to end up being kilogram meters squared per second squared. Now, what is kilogram meters squared per second squared in terms of useful units to me? Well, I could figure that out. I could take kilogram meters squared per second squared and convert that to, let's say, I wanted an answer in kilojoules because the problem told me I wanted kilojoules. So I know that a kilojoule is going to be a kilonewton meter. And then I know that a kilonewton is 1,000 newtons. And I know that a newton is a kilogram meter per second squared. So I have newtons, newtons cancel. Kilonewtons, kilonewtons cancel. Meter squared cancels meters meters. And second squared cancels second squared. So I could convert from kilogram meters squared per second squared to kilojoules by dividing by 1,000. So let's say my work in here is just 165 kilojoules. That gives me my answer. So that was one of the ways we could have solved this problem. We solved it with an energy balance. And it is thermo, should be doing energy balances all the time just out of habit. But there are a couple other ways we could approach this problem. So let's say we didn't do the energy balance. Let's step back for a second. Let's say that we did, let me, that's a race over a year. Let's say that I hadn't done that energy balance. How else could I have solved this problem in you erasing very carefully? Beautiful. One more race. Let's say I had used the definition of work instead. So I know that I can define work as being the integral of force with respect to distance. So when we talk about, well, work is force times displacement. That's when the force is constant. In this case, my force is constant. So my force is going to come out of this integral. I'm going to be left with force times displacement. Let's call that delta s. So I know my force in this case, because the acceleration and the mass are both constant. It's going to be mass times acceleration, both of which are known. So if I could figure out the displacement of our object over the course of this 10 second process, I could figure out the work done. So how would I go about calculating the displacement? Well, that again is going to come from our equations of motion. I know that I could write, let's see, how would I do that? Let's say I wanted to use the definition of velocity is the change in displacement with respect to time. And then let's rearrange that to solve for, that would be ds is equal to v dt. And then integrate both sides. I'm left with delta s is the integral of velocity with respect to time. In this case, the velocity isn't constant, so it can't come out of the integral. But I do know that I could calculate the velocity at any point in time by using this equation. I already came up with that equation. I can plug that in here. So this would be v1, our initial velocity, plus acceleration times dt, excuse me, times delta t dt. And that's what I'm integrating. So this is going to split into the integral of v1 dt plus a times the integral of delta t dt. So this would be v1 times delta t because the v1 comes out of the integral. So I'm left with v1 times the integral of dt, which would be delta t, plus the acceleration times... So this is the integral of delta t dt, which is going to be 1 half delta t squared. So I could use this to calculate a displacement and plug that in here. So if I had chosen to do that, let's see, I did not leave myself enough space. Also, that arrow is terrible. I can't just leave that. Okay, much better arrow. That'll solve my space issues. Okay, so I could write this as being 30 kilograms times 10 meters per second squared times 5 meters per second, that's our initial velocity, times 10 seconds plus 10 meters per second squared divided by 2 times my delta time squared, which is 10 seconds squared. Beautiful. Let's jump back to the calculator, turn it on and attempt to type that in. So we have 30 times 10 times parentheses 5 times 10 plus 0.5 times 10 times 10 squared. And look at that, we got 165,000 again. And this would be in kilograms times meters per second squared times meters per second squared. So this is going to end up being my same units again. So regardless of the way that I did this, I'm left with 165 kilojoules. That's the same unit because kilograms times meters per second squared, that's this mass times acceleration. And then down here I have 5 meters per second times 10 seconds, so the seconds and seconds are going to cancel. So this is going to be meters. So I guess over here too, this would be 10 meters per second squared times second squared. This is also going to be in units of meters. So my final units for that 165,000 number that I had earlier are going to be kilograms times meters per second squared times meters. That's kilogram meters squared per second squared, which is the same unit that I came up with earlier. So I use the same conversion to get it back to kilojoules. That's why it ended up being so convenient. Anyway, either solution would have worked, whichever one is easier for you to think about is the solution that you should use.


So what's too much for the redo and we're gonna have Kevin and Reshma talk about adding softnik capability to DPDK So hi everyone, my name is Kevin and this is Reshma We're both network software engineers from Intel Shadden in Ireland and We'll be presenting on how to enrich your nicks capabilities with DPK softnik today So I'll give a quick overview of what will go through so I'll go through this why you should use softnik I'll give a quick overview of what softnik is and how it works and then reshma We'll go into some more internal details of it and give you some use cases and that's pretty much it for this slot So why should we use softnik well if we think of it in terms of what we have in DPDK We notice that we have a lot of ETH APIs We have a lot of nick vendors and there's lots of differences in the features that are supported by those nicks So with that we face inconsistencies in the development environment It's difficult for applications to accommodate for all of the nicks And it just makes it even harder to write the applications and maintain them So that's where softnik comes to the rescue Softnik provides us with a software fallback for physical nicks by augmenting the features that are missing This is brilliant for the applications because now we have a sort of layer between the physical nick and the application That Makes all nicks look the same to the application so they consist art the Development environment is suddenly consistent to the application and doesn't care about what actual hardware is underneath Some other benefits that come with it are Usability so it's easy to use advanced features in DPDK by using softnik without redesigning your application and Some consumer applications Also get some performance improvements But that's completely dependent on what you're actually running So a quick overview of softnik It's a DPDK polymer driver That means it's easy to use with any application all you have to do is add the minus minus Vdev option in the CLI for your application and that will spin up a virtual device being your softnik and You pass a what we call firmware script So it's just a configuration script as a parameter with that minus minus Vdev option Inside the firmware script you can enable and disable whatever features you want to have that are missing and that firmware script is a nice sort of abstraction and reduces the complexity of configuring the internals That DPDK runs on So just a general overview of how a packet will go through softnik So if we look at what components we have first in the orange on the far left and far right we have physical nicks Then attached to those we have hardware cues The green in the middle is or application and the bigger blue boxes either side are or softnik Rx and Tx Between the hardware cues and the application we can have multiple pipelines to augment the features So you could have whatever features you want. You could have routing flow classification Anything like that and you can have any number of them either side Chain them together to make things as complex or easy as you like and Each softnik component has three main parts being tables actions and ports So if we follow a packets life through Your Hardware nicks your softnik and the application your packet will come in on the nick It'll get assigned to a hardware cue and that how hard work you is matched to a table So that table will pull the packet from the hardware cue then we have a bunch of rules inside that table and Those rules check the packet if a packet matches that rule and action is applied to the rule That rule then decides where the packets going to go next So this can be either to another table or to an outbound port which in this case is a software cue So let's just take the easier option. It's going to go through to a software cue then It's ready for the application So the application can pick the packet from the software cue do whatever packet processing it has to do and then it puts it on to or Tx software cue and It's ready for a softnik to take it back and do all the Tx stuff that it likes to do So then the Tx side is practically the opposite of the RX so The softnik takes the packet off the software cue goes to a table checks for rules matches a rule applies the action Then that goes through multiple tables Potentially gets put back on to a hardware cue and then from the hardware cue out the port back on to the wire out to wherever you're sending it So I hope that made some sense I'll pass you over to Reshma now for some more deeper internals Yeah So far Now we have learned that softnik provides a software for the missing features of the hardware So let's see how this can be achieved internally so for this To achieve a number of features softnik needs some configuration script It's of course a Configuration script where applications can go and these configure Define the script such a way that what features they want to like to have that are missing in the hardware so the script on the right side of the slide is a default example script which Which can be used as a reference to configure a complex of scripts for the So in terms of what the Who creates this softnik and who has to do the configuration all these status or something like this So as the application threads or the service course Has to do this job. So service course or something dedicated and course Which will be doing Service related work items For the missing features of the hardware The service course are I mean facilitated by the So other than the service course application threats also can do by themselves if they would like to Do this one figuration and creation of the software so first This is what they have to do is they have to create a softnik device as a virtual device To that creation they need to pass this from base group as a input Then then after creating a softnik device they have to take care of creating a number of preview Q's of the softnik and transmit Q's of the software That defines the length of those cues and Then after the Q of creation it it will be the the next step could be Starting the softnik the creative softnik device and the start is the step where the actual magic starts Where it loads the from a script that application had defined to do certain job So at this stage, I would like to go through the from a script it is So it does take care of her As a first step it will create a it will detect the list that are available on the on the board and Then it will the next step would be creating a pipeline and Then followed by creating the input and output ports That should be for the pipeline and then followed by associating those input and output ports to the pipeline and creating the set of tables that the pipeline should be handling and Then the creator table should be again mapped to the pipeline Then it will be once the from this Next the next step would be like application Threats they can upload these tables with a certain set of rules rules will be a actions that are going to be applied on the packets To do that they can call existing flow viewers and security and case that are available in the DVD game Once that is done These threads has to take care of running a softnik run API in order to present the pipelines action which will be doing the Handling the packets receive transmit and operating are applying the rules that are confident in the pipeline tables So next slide will be Uses cases let's start with the basic use cases Which we can achieve with the softnik basic use cases could be switching and routing and Some flow classification related use cases would be firewall encapsulations like a And then not related applications also can be achieved and traffic management related like QoS Policing and metering also can be done with this softnik and it does support To achieve all this softnik internally uses the optimized DVDK libraries like liberty port table and the TM and Metering API So apart from these basic use cases they can be a complex use cases like BNG and BRAS and we can come we can implement complex Pipelines uplink and downlink pipelines of this BNG and BRAS if you take the First picture in the let's say the physical it has a We have certain color markings there the orange will be available features that are available in the physical And the gray would be a missing features that are not there in the physical link And the green will be a so With with softnik what you can do is whatever is missing you can implement using softnik and you can load them On a particular course where you would like to run them So that's how You can achieve the missing features with the softnik So Okay, so just to wrap it up Four main key takeaways Software provides a software fallback for nicks. So whatever your Nick can't do softnik and fill in We can consume complex dbtk features without application redesign. So you can just call that with softnik You potentially get a performance improvement for consumer applications which I don't think anyone will complain about and The many use cases we have go from simple forwarding to as complex as you want to make it The complex most complex ones we've had there are BRAS and BNG But the possibilities are really endless We've some documentation here. It's just on dbtk.org. It's for softnik So if anyone wants to play around with it go have a look at that it should help And that's pretty much it I'd like to say thank you and if you want to get in touch with any one of us Feel free to do that if you have questions Probably don't have much time for questions, but if anyone has some fire away You can so there's a telnet client and you can just call that up and just put in things Okay Something Does provide this kind of Encapsulation it does has a weeks and encapsulation this is so softnik uses them As of now and it has a support for doing the Vxl and encapsulation on the back And you can indicate it the cost So very quickly, I don't think we've benchmarked out But what you can do is you can make a pipeline that does that Vxl and offload Pin that to one core and then just see what that core is doing specifically and then you could have your numbers here Happy to talk to you afterwards if you've questions, but we're out of time. Thanks everyone


Hi, this is your host Sophan Bhatia and welcome to another episode of TFR. Let's talk and today we have with us Vishal Jan co-founder and CEO of Veltex Vishal is great to have you on the show. Great to be here Sophanil Thanks for the opportunity and I look forward to our conversation. Me too. First of all, thanks for joining me Since you're also the co-founder of the company tell us a bit about what was the kind of original story of the company? Why you felt that there's a need for this company and what kind of problem you're trying to solve? Okay, absolutely. So my background has been in the cloud networking and the security space and before starting Veltex, I was at another startup doing security and A lot of the customers I was talking to they were in their cloud journey They were early, but a lot of them were looking for a solutions to secure their workloads in the cloud A lot of them were using the old technologies The lift and shift mindset and I saw that the lift and shift rarely has worked in the cloud You have to be cloud born cloud native cloud is not same as your data center and I saw the opportunity Three of the co-founders got together. We have known each other for 20 years Done startups together in the past and what we focus on is securing the cloud workloads Mainly the fact that everything in the cloud is connected So how do you secure the cloud networks in the public cloud last year security was a big team There are a lot of you know instant actually they keep happening. It's just sometimes They do get the coverage on a home home page or a front page of a newspaper but security remains a challenge because Compared to the traditional IT world in the cloud native word especially multi-cloud environment Security cannot be someone else's problem. It cannot be an afterthought So talk a bit about how you folks have seen the whole security landscape has changed and also cloud Multi-cloud what new challenges it has brought not only for the companies who are running their workload But also companies like yours. We're trying to secure some of those workloads. Yeah I think definitely now as you said cyber is a big thing. I mean as I talk about The next big war is not going to be a physical is going to be all cyber So the actors are from like different states You must have all about ransomware. So cyber is everywhere now One thing we are noticing is that a lot of the enterprises are moved to the cloud I mean there they want their agility They they want lower cost. They want more profits, you know at the same time They also want to make sure that the security posture in the cloud is much much better actually then it used to be in the data center now What we see the changes The cloud is not same as a data center the things that change the applications used to be monolithic They have now become like microservices The architectures used to be like just a VM based now You must have heard the enterprises use containers VM serverless platform as service now one thing is in the cloud The connectivity is ubiquitous The workloads talk to the internet from the internet talk to each other the multi cloud in this dynamic environment Where there is less change control? How do you want to make sure that you want to be secure the same time you want to be agile? There's no point going to the cloud and be slow like at a center have a change control so if you want to have this agility and security both together that creates some challenges for enterprises and Opportunity for them to leap past their competition as well. They do it right from the cultural aspect Teams structure of teams within companies we talk about DevOps that's a cops. Sorry We can use whichever label we want but the whole idea is that once again in old days developers run Create an application. They don't even know where it's running because software was bought it was downloaded install Now it's running on your own infrastructure So you are actually responding for the whole life cycle off that That's why we do talk about DevOps all those things So talk about cultural changes that are also happening to ensure that you know the Responsibility doesn't end just by writing the code you have to run the code maintain the code manage the code Yeah, no absolutely and that's a big change in the cloud developers On the show, I mean it's all about developments the developers so that the business can go agile now At the same time they need to and they have some responsibility towards security. I mean you must say all about shift left Now you can say that developers do care about security. It's hard to say that yeah They don't care about security But you also want to make sure that you enable them and give them enough tooling on the security side to Make sure that they're doing right things So it's a combination of shift left where you build your security as part of the development process at the same time Like lock for shell last year was a big wake-up call for the enterprise is to say okay Yes, they can be vulnerabilities outside the application right in the application. No app is ever invulnerable So you need to secure and build your defenses so a combination of building security inside the applications and then putting security controls outside getting the visibility of What's going on putting right controls is what is a change another culture change? I think we are seeing is as the enterprises are going to the cloud a New position like cloud security architects cloud architects that's coming up too because I said The cloud is different than data center So and the companies and enterprises want to have a better architecture for securing their clouds and since you're talking about some grant and one of the Kind of worrying trend not trend exactly is that a lot of companies are also starting to look at cost cutting or Becoming more cost efficient a lot of layoffs are happening. There's a magic number seven percent I don't know what is the reason but which also means the teams are a smaller Do you see any impact that will have on security because of that or if if you do What do you think how companies should approach it so that as you said they remain innovative They can move faster, but you know, they should also Keep their workload secure. Yeah, I think that's a great point I think one thing is that the cloud is a lot about automation, you know, that's like the First thing in the cloud. So if the enterprises used to be using humans to do a lot of their stuff then They will be challenged in this new environment because you can't have a lot of people to do it So the layoffs and all are impacting the organizations which used to rely a lot on manual work No automation, but it also now gives them an opportunity to actually a go and look towards Technologies which are cloud native which are born in the cloud which helps them automate a lot of this Lot of their security. For example, you want to make sure you get the right visibility You know what's going on and then you want to secure at the same time You want to consolidate a lot of these functions together because if you have silos, it leads to more people It leads to more data gaps. So what we are seeing at least When we talk to our customers in the cloud, for example in data center where networking used to be static You have network teams and security teams in the cloud. They go together You can't be having a networking and change control have people and then do security on top You need to combine cloud network security all together and that's what we call like The enterprises are demanding what we call secure cloud networking security without networking is not useful and It's an opportunity in my opinion like every downturn as we have seen a lot of the innovation happen in downtown because The enterprises want to be more efficient. Talk a bit about now the company What kind of solutions you're offering because we're also looking at a lot of companies Of course, they are big tech bohemats who have all the tech skills But there are a lot of companies who are not tech companies per se, but they do have to move to the cloud They have to embrace all these technologies. So they also look at things like low code or no code So we do have to lower the barrier of entry for them So they can once again move fast innovate and remain secure So talk a bit about your solutions. How you're helping the whole spectrum of your customer base Okay, no, that's a great point and what we are seeing is as you talked about the The companies are becoming smaller in this environment But in the in general as the enterprises are going multi-cloud and some of them can be single-cloud as well There's always a lack of the technology and talent in the cloud, you know, not all the enterprises have limited technologies I mean, I would say the talent in place. So The one thing we are we are helping is we are helping to Help them automate all that stuff So if they take all the old technologies and put them in from the data center to the cloud They need off talent to do manual labor, for example They have to manually plum the networking manually get all the visibility get multiple silos We are putting them together as I said, we do secure cloud networking. We first Do networking and that's a base then we have security I mean you you cannot have workloads in the cloud being insecure and on top of that you do cloud and cloud is all about as I said like Single policy across cloud single policy across your workloads things like those so In general even large organizations or smaller organizations the way we are helping is help them With this so they can go be agile with Small teams and at the same time make sure that their workloads are fully secure and what we do is security from the point of view of Internet to the workloads Workload to workload and workload to the internet So that's where we focus on in the networking jargon That's called securing the ingress east-west and the egress for your cloud workloads You folks also released a survey last month. Can you tell us a bit more about the survey? What was the goal of the survey and what was the findings? We do the survey every year like last last year the biggest thing which came on in survey was the lock for shell Definitely was on top of mind of everybody. So this year the goal was just to see Where the organizations are in their cloud journey and what we saw was that yeah They are getting more and more advanced in the cloud journey last compared last year We saw a lot more enterprises are now multi-cloud I believe the number was around like 95 percent were saying they are multi-cloud or they will be multi-cloud We saw another thing in the survey that Knowledge organizations are now hiring what we call have a position like cloud security architects cloud center of excellence So they're looking at the cloud much more Seriously and 86 percent of organizations are currently employing an in-house cloud security architect. So pretty much that's what We we did a survey for just for Understanding where the customers are one thing we are seeing in our customer base The prospects we talked to in our customers Few a couple of years back. A lot of the customers were more in a lift and shift Mentality. So what they call is a cloud 1.0 take the data center Replicate everything in the cloud that does not help that doesn't make them agile that makes the cost higher makes them even less secure Now they're going to more a cloud To the architecture which are more like more distributed In the quality terms, they have a lot more accounts lot more VPCs Things like those. So things are much more dynamic. So they're looking for Things towards making their life simple. They're looking for consolidation. They're looking to have a single tool in their workflow And then things like that in last couple of years There was a lot of focus on what we call as posture cloud posture There was even a whole industry called cloud security poster management now. This is again It's great great to have the right visibility But what we're hearing from customers is that it is getting a bit commoditized Every customer has what they call a tool for doing the visibility 67% of respondents actually now see that the CSPM offered by the cloud provider is sufficient however And only 53% of them are looking to make a new CSP investment I think what is coming out is especially after the lock for shell Was a wake-up call. You need security outside your application. You can assume Okay, I find all the vulnerabilities and I can patch them immediately You will have network paths in the environment you need to secure your your workloads. So The shift in the focus from posture to prevention is what we are seeing a lot none of the folks are saying that They're agreeing with the fact that the cloud is much more dynamic and in fact 94 percent of respondents believe that secure cloud networking is Important to their overall cloud strategy and that's actually good for what we do at Baltics. We saw that a while back as well We spotted that and we are probably the only startup who do Cloud networking and security all together. There are companies who offer security built from the on-prem side They offer like appliances. They're unaware of cloud. They're unaware of cloud networking Then you have the other guys who do just cloud networking, but don't do security But we realize that all these have to come together And then the third spectrum is you can take the basic Lego blocks from the AWS Azure GCP by definition They will never be multi cloud Solutions plus at the same time what they gave is a Lego blocks and it's a lot has to do by the organization to put Them together. So what we said is like enterprises have Limited tech and talent. They want a unified solution. They want something automated They want something which gives you a single workflow for visibility and prevention all together And so that's pretty much is in line with what We have been working with our customers came out in survey. So Yeah, I mean and yeah I mean cloud is definitely evolving and we'll see more and more interesting things come up next year We shall thank you so much for taking time out today and normally talk about the survey talk about the company and also the whole Landscape how it's changing and evolving thanks for all those insights and I would love to have you back on the show Thank you. Thank you so much for giving an opportunity. It was a great discussion especially in today's context So great to have you talk to me


So it can, it can happen. But I think that, you know, what data portability is the key there, right? And, you know, at Google, we have a group of engineers who call themselves the Data Liberation Front, and basically they're working on ways to make sure that when you're using Google Cloud Services, you can take your data and go somewhere else, right? And that's pretty critical. And I think that we'd rather have that model where we've got to be really good or else people are going to, you know, go someplace else than try to keep people where they are. And from a legislative standpoint, I think, you know, it seemed, or a regulatory standpoint, it seems like the approach ought to be to encourage companies to take that approach as opposed to one that keeps people locked down. But there's no question that it's a danger. Thanks very much, David. That was a very broad speech. You will have an opportunity to put your questions to David at the Q&A after our other presentation.