the Europeans have been going forward with this in in a lot of research and demonstration and development projects. I think the US is lagging a little behind. This may be sort of part of a race where different continents are sort of placing money and bets on different clean energy technologies. You may know that Japanese firms and particularly the very large automotive firms have for a long time sort of been talking about hydrogen and have been developing these hydrogen transportation solutions early on. So altogether the race is on and I guess we will see in the course of time really how this is going to play out. I want to talk to you today a little bit about really the economic side of hydrogen and different hydrogen solutions, what we know about it, how I sort of look at this and this is really ongoing work towards the end of my talk if time permits. I'll be, I'll sort of sketch for you some of the work we're currently doing. I find it quite exciting but this is really sort of fresh off the press if you want to. Right here I've already mentioned so I'm perfectly happy to make this a little more interactive. Do interrupt at any point in time if I sort of can keep the talk halfway on track through the 45 minutes that we have. That's good if there are too many questions I may sort of ask you to. Let me move forward a little faster but I would like this to be interactive so please interrupt if you want to. Okay so let me then get started. Here is a what you may call background slide in which hydrogen does not yet play a major role and this is sort of for a good reason. Those of you who have really followed this discussion about decarbonization intensely in the last five minutes may have seen this part earlier or this slide earlier. It was produced by Shell in 2019 and it's called the Sky Scenario and let me first say right off and in no way want to sort of endorse this trajectory. It's a projection really of carbon emissions over the next so many decades. It's just a forecast that Shell made and Shell of course being an oil and gas company that is however investing actively in clean and new energy solutions on a number of fronts. So what you can see there is they project that emissions are going to be increasing for a few more years roughly till the middle of the decade that just started and then they're going to come down and reach zero for the world. These are global CO2 emissions by 2070 okay and you see in sort of the little icons suggest to you the energy technologies carriers that are going to get us to this trajectory and the point to notice here is yes there is when you when you look at the truck here there is some hydrogen transportation but overall you see at the very end here even out for the next 70 or 80 years Shell really projects that the role of hydrogen in this new energy economy is going to be relatively small so that's their forecast as of 2019. The larger impact sort of our importance of this slide in my mind is that if you ask yourself well if Shell were right what would this do sort of to the world's climate and where would this leave us collectively on this planet the answer is not very good because if you add up all these annual emissions so mathematically you take the area under this curve the integral and you add that all up as to the year 2070 you get to something like 1200 gigatons 1200 billion tons of CO2 on an accumulative level now that is by the literature that I read way more than what most climate scientists tell us what we have left as a carbon budget so we better all hope that Shell is not right with this forecast otherwise we're going to really blow through the carbon budget that we are being told that we have if we want to keep temperature increases to two degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels Shell better not be right and that in my mind reinforces the question well so with hydrogen deployed early and widely in a number of industries in a number of sectors of the economy could that make a contribution that would help us to really bend this curve down faster so that the total area would be more in line with the 700 gigaton budget that people are talking about okay so from here more broadly the questions that are sort of you know we face in this whole field those of us who look at the energy transition from a climate change perspective is is radical decarbonization within the next 25 to 30 years doable what are the most cost-effective pathways to such a decarbonized economy for this talk in particular what role should hydrogen play in this what policy support is required when I mentioned early on the Europeans are now sort of not only with funding for demonstration projects but also in pricing schemes seem to sort of be favoring the deployment of hydrogen to get that going early so the policy aspect in my mind in all of this is is crucial if we're trying to make a forecast where things are going to go over the next couple of decades and the last question in all of this is if the world sort of just goes on makes improvements as we as we go along but incremental improvements is that going to be good enough to meet those decarbonization goals there are people like for instance Bill Gates who have sort of said you know we need in all of this we need technology breakthroughs so my position on this technology breakthroughs would be great but let's first see if we do the kinds of improvements that we have seen for renewables and that we are now also beginning to see for hydrogen if those improvements continue at the same pace roughly there wouldn't be a technology breakthrough but incremental improvement would that still be consistent with meeting the decarbonization goals and particularly staying within the carbon budget as we've seen a moment ago on the last slide so this whole I will talk about change technological improvements but gradual ones and then we can get in my mind to the question do we need to swing more for the fences do we need something radically new a real breakthrough rather than just incremental improvements so here is a slide that once again in the last I would say a couple of years has been shown a lot I wanted to also show it here again it's from a paper published in science was a lot of authors actually a very short paper it's one of those papers where the number of authors seems to be writing down the names of the author seems to take more space in the paper itself and the key thing in this paper is really this slide or this picture this pictorial that you see there which is sort of a vision for what you may call a future hydrocarbon economy very different from the one that we see today and you're seeing basically in green on the lower right hand side here you're seeing the supplies of energy that includes also a supply of co2 co2 is sort of the red road that goes through this economy and there are takers off takers for this co2 there's of course electricity in green presumably from renewables or carbon-free sources and there is a hydrogen path here is hydrogen in blue and then in purple you see the the last major freeway through this new economy these are basically the synthetic hydrocarbons in this economy that could be produced from hydrogen carbon dioxide oxygen with the help of clean electricity and over here then is the demand side from air travel to hospitals to manufacturing you see their cement and steel so that's how this whole new economy would go would have some features of the circular economy that people sort of talk about in which these types of molecules are combined emitted and combined in a completely new way which ultimately leaves emissions much much smaller so much for the vision now there are also people who are saying this is really it's a nice vision but it's unrealistic this is not going to happen so perhaps the most vocal critic of the whole hydrogen approach and the vision of the hydrogen economy if you want to is none other than Elon Musk who of course nowadays has a lot of credibility just on account of the success of his company Tesla so let me perhaps here ask the group for a moment if anybody wants to sort of chime in here what is what's Elon Musk's criticism about hydrogen why does he not believe this is a viable path he says the conversion efficiency is too low yes that's that's his major beef exactly right so the conversion efficiency is low or the round trip efficiency losses in particularly if you were to convert clean electricity to hydrogen and then go back in the other direction you would be losing ultimately a lot of the energy that you have produced in the first place so low conversions that point is valid at some level in that these conversion losses must be taken into consideration when we ask how competitive is it and we'll do that in the calculations that I want to show you in a moment so something to keep in mind but in my mind also not the ultimate argument you know you could you could also argue with the in the other direction look if renewables are becoming as cheap as they seem to be coming and we're wasting most of the sunlight anyhow for the purposes of harnessing the energy from the sun if then we can we have further losses conversion losses as we go to go down the hydrogen route so what if it's cheap to begin with we might as well waste a portion of it because we're wasting 99.9% of it any day anyhow because that much of the sun energy is not being absorbed or used by us okay so here is perhaps my slide in which I'm sort of talking a little bit about all the potential uses of hydrogen so the proponents say this could be a significant building block in this transition to phasing out fossil fuels and what did they mention in particular well one thing that we already have seen in particular from Japanese manufacturers for in certain spaces is the idea of hydrogen as a transportation fuel where you would basically do the power generation via fuel cells and we have a number of established fuel cell manufacturers all over the world second usage for a scenario for hydrogen is blending it with natural gas and using the current infrastructure and if you do that then you would basically reduce the co2 footprint of natural gas if you had the synthetic gas that's a mix of natural gas and hydrogen my colleagues tell me sort of how large the share of hydrogen could be if you want to use the current infrastructure of piping and say burners for natural gas is sort of not entirely clear this hasn't been pushed yet but generally it would then be used for both power generation and heating purposes the hydrogen finally the one that I'm going to probably be speaking most about today the idea of simply energy storage as a medium or as a hydrogen as an energy as a chemical energy storage medium both for large scale and for long-term energy storage to some extent an alternative to battery storage or other forms of of long-term storage and finally what I sort of showed you in this pictorial from science for the new hydrocarbon economy this idea that once we have hydrogen and we have co2 of which we obviously have too much at the moment we could produce all sorts of valuable hydrocarbon molecules in particular synthetic gas ch4 this generally goes sort of under the heading power to x in other words you have you have power you have hydrogen and other molecules to combine basically produce then a whole range of products synthetically so that's really sort of a long-term type of vision of which we don't we haven't seen all that much so far okay that was sort of a that's the vision part let's talk for a moment where we are today so this is a slide that I have picked you probably can't see it if you're seeing the same thing as I do on the screen sort of blocked out because we have here the participants on this zoom call on the right but it's a slide from the international energy association IEA and this has this really shows you nothing more than the hydrogen that's being produced where is it coming from and where is it going to and so on the left you see the largest block here is natural gas is being used as a feedstock to produce hydrogen roughly 200 million tons and thereby the largest of all the sources this is sometimes goes under the heading steam methane reforming so hydrogen is being produced from natural gas in the process co2 emissions arise that's why it's sort of considered dirty quote unquote and other uses are other fossil fuels like coal oil and the like there are also some production processes which produce several projects at the same time so you see here hydrogen as a byproduct that's another bucket on the right you're seeing basically all the use cases or the industries that this is going to say refining for all sorts of refineries the next category is pretty much fertilizer for agriculture some into transportation methanol another useful molecule in a number of industrial processes and the like so this is basically where is it coming from in most cases today the feedstock is a fossil fuel and here are the users now depending on how sort of closely I followed this there is sort of in this industry or when people talk about hydrogen there is sort of a color coding that's popping up and I'm never quite sure whether people use the same color labels use you see I've written them down there at the bottom let me actually try this on this crowd um gray blue green or turquoise turquoise is probably the the iffyest of those color labels I've only heard this informally I haven't seen it really written down so just so that we get the language straight what do you associate or do you associate anything with these labels say blue hydrogen versus green hydrogen or gray hydrogen anybody just I want to sort of get a little bit of sense of where where this group stands without having looked into the making the assumption green hydrogen coming from renewable sources where this is gray coming from say fossil fuels yeah not sure where to place blue but would assume something like natural gas by product um yeah so absolutely right on gray and green that's my interpretation too blue is um the way I understand it and once again I'm not entirely sure that the labels are being applied consistently but that would actually be from fossil fuels but with carbon capture so the idea that you wouldn't have any co2 emissions and from a co2 perspective it would still be a clean carrier um turquoise as I said is sort of a slightly newer label here I'll introduce that in a moment that's basically going to be that's why the color label was chosen that's going to be pretty close to actually green which as you said to teelo is a combination where we're basically relying on renewable energy in the first place um to make this so turquoise is close to green a slight variant of green and I'll come back to that uh when we look at some scenarios okay okay moving right along so uh we said this gray is what we have today primarily steam reforming um and that is sort of the way it has been uh going for some time in my mind um the big question to ask sort of as a first stage when we before we get to the loftier questions of what is the role of hydrogen really going to be in in the long term future is um do we have the clean energy alternatives like the green hydrogen or the turquoise hydrogen production processes are they already competitive in today's world with steam reforming that is do they have a chance to displace uh it simply if investors didn't care much about co2 emissions they're just going to follow the trail of the money they're going to make these investments if they pan out um if we did that would that already be sort of you know an accomplishment uh into from a co2 perspective if we just did we we didn't widen the footprint of hydrogen in the economy but we just replaced what's currently being done in terms of um producing that valuable raw material hydrogen from a green source rather than going down the traditional path of relying on mostly on natural gas or other fossil fuels to do so so question how large is that footprint you know when i showed you the slide a moment ago in terms of all the uses and the sources of it so here's a little quiz question for you uh written there on um on my first bullet point um relate the co2 emissions from global steam methane reforming across the world to the emissions of the entire german economy i picked germany again because i split i spent a lot of my time there so just orders of magnitude how large is this i'll guess two orders of magnitude larger in which direction two x in so who is two times larger the co2 emissions from global steam methane reforming uh okay that would be that would be really significant so let's order of magnitude germany's economy accounts for about 800 million tons of co2 which is roughly two percent of the world's emissions um so dean you're right in that it's larger that's why i chose germany as the benchmark but it's not quite two x it's about 900 so slightly larger so it's 1.1 x if you want to okay um but so you know that's significant uh out of the uh you saw the the shell the shell scenario early on out of the 32 gigatons billion tons of co2 that the world has steam methane reforming uh today is already two percent so if we were to displace that that would already make somewhat of a contribution okay question is that going to happen so what are the alternatives um the main alternative that's really on the block and that is being commercially practiced already today is um electrolysis uh you see there that's the green hydrogen in particular if you rely on clean electricity to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen uh by injecting basically the electric power into the water an alternative that's at the development stage by a number of large company is pyrolysis um which splits the methane the ch4 directly into hydrogen and solid carbon but wants to do so without releasing any of the carbon or not letting any of the carbon react with the oxygen to produce co2 that's uh another alternative again not yet a number of large companies in the world are spending a fair amount of money on this but it isn't yet at a commercial stage in my to the best of my knowledge so the conventional wisdom is and this has been true sort of for now for some time is okay this electrolysis is cool in that it's green um it if we have a lot of renewable power and the renewable power then gives us the hydrogen um then we avoid the emissions uh and that would be sort of a really a classic clean energy technology in which we're putting renewables and all the progress we've made on renewables to good use um but the conventional wisdom is well fine but it doesn't withstand the market test um natural gas in many parts of the world is cheap particularly cheap in the us because of fracking um so if you do the numbers to get one kilogram of hydrogen which one is going to be cheaper which one are going to investors what type of facilities will investors be willing to um really put their money on the answer is the traditional steam methane reforming steel still wins and so electrolysis isn't quite positioned competitively that has been true for the longest time um our numbers the work that we're doing show us that this is actually changing it's changing relatively quickly and it's now a real race um and so it isn't sort of a done deal yet in my mind in favor of green hydrogen uh but it's getting very close and it's changing uh in the right direction from from from uh sort of my preference perspective on this one okay um so what has what has contributed to these changes uh first one we all know renewable electricity renewable power is becoming very cheap very very quickly probably both solar and wind have seen sort of spectacular cost declines um with in some of the auctions i saw a report the other day that um at the first time uh we actually for sun for solar pv uh got to the point of a ppa a power purchasing agreement was a bidder at an auction to one cent per kilowatt hour in portugal recently um i i know was my reaction to you know when when i heard two cents in certain parts of the world i thought boy that's uh that is already a record one cent um i also had a hard time sort of rationalizing but even if it's two cents you know uh this is very low very close to zero we obviously won't be able to go below zero uh but sort of think about now the clean electricity um part being very cheap electrolyzers have also improved because more of them have been produced so this is sort of a learning curve concept that i want to talk about in a moment and the last part and this is really sort of the one that i think most people um in the popular press are not paying attention to that i want to sort of at least give you as an intuition i don't know whether it will be possible for me to fully explain it is um wholesale power markets largely because of what has been happening to renewables have become a lot more volatile in terms of prices in other words the prevailing price on say a wholesale market in california or in texas or on the east coast or in europe the trend that we have seen over the last couple of years is or the last 10 years almost is that average prices have come down per kilowatt hour again wholesale not not retail wholesale but at the same time the fluctuations in prices across the day across the hours of the year has gone up and has gone up dramatically so that volatility in prices so again think of the price at um late in the afternoon you know here in california um as you can imagine the late afternoon price in the summer is sort of the super high price because industry is still working people are cranking up their air conditioning units that's the time when you really pay premium for power in the wholesale market and vice versa at five in the morning or 10 in the morning or even now at noontime was a lot more solar these prices tend to be much much lower and these fluctuations as volatility has been increasing and that is in this whole economics of hydrogen volatility is a good thing um usually you know in in economics and in finance we worry about volatility it's something that investors market participants don't like but here it actually goes in your favor so the more the larger the fluctuations um the better the positioning of some of these uh technologies like electrolysis uh or other types of fuel cells in the hydrogen market okay so i i realized that this may sort of sound a little counterintuitive at this point i'll just sort of throw it in there as a thought and if time permits i'll sort of try to show this a little in a little bit more detail so here is a simple picture of an electrolyzer this is actually a so-called PIM electrolyzer i think i have the labels here on the next slide the proton electrolyte membrane sometimes also called proton exchange membrane that's the type of electrolyzer that has come up in recent years sort of more prominently you see here a couple of firms that are in this space um it has replaced the traditional AEL uh electrolyzer at the very end if i have the time i'll talk a little bit about so-called uh an alternative to this type of electrolyzer the PEM electrolyzer called the solid oxide cell electrolyzer what is important about this one is you see this here in in this sub-bullet point it is a fuel cell that can run in both directions that is it can run from as an electrolyzer um convert electricity and water into hydrogen and oxygen but you can also go in the opposite direction you can use it really as a fuel cell if you are combining hydrogen um you're getting uh or if you're using hydrogen and oxygen you're getting power and power and um water back uh in in the other direction why is that important well all of these from an economic perspective all of these technologies of course are very capital intensive they cost a lot of money the variable cost of operating them is relatively low the raw materials if you want to that go into this production process are relatively cheap so if you have something like a solid oxide cell that can run in both directions depending on what the market constellation tells you you're really um you're sort of in business so to speak because you get much higher utilization of your expensive capacity in all of these technologies whether it's uh uh here electrolysis or something else it always at the end of the day when you ask is this going is this going to pencil out is this something that sort of can withstand the market test at the moment the key thing is utilization of your capacity of your expensive capacity and if you have that you're good and here the solid oxide cell which at any point in time can either can run in either direction has an inherent advantage over the traditional chemical electrolyzers that the world has sort of been looking at okay so here's a slide that if I were to show this over in the business school probably most people would uh say ah sure um it really speaks to nothing more than the price development for so-called PIM electrolyzers so again this is the the workhorse at the moment of this industry for the port on exchange membrane and what you see here is a graph that shows on one axis the cumulative output measured in kilowatts that is the the power absorption capacity of your electrolyzer and over on this axis you see the market price in 2018 dollars this is a chart that my institute in in Germany and I sort of we worked on this recently for a presentation and you have here also a couple of years when so much output had been produced all the way through 2019 through the end of last year and the bottom line we conclude here is a so-called 86% learning curve over this time period from 2004 through 2019 so let me pause here perhaps for a moment um what's the importance of these learning curves they have actually been looked at in a number of industries also outside energy say in general with silicon uh processes uh what is one trying to capture here again depending on your background this you may have never seen this but some of you also may um people in uh in business schools and technologies sort of stare at them all the time in general efficiency gains as you gain experience with something so I think you have this very similar trend to automotive as uh the numbers go up the prices tend to fall quite a lot models on exponential decline so we were talking about this learning curve and basically price reductions that the industry has been able to achieve in terms of for how much these electrolyzers are sold per kilowatt of power that the electrolyzer can absorb over time and Tilo brought in this concept of an exponential curve so there is something exponential here you see on both axes the volume of output and the prices are drawn actually on a logarithmic scale so the opposite of the exponential and um when you get to this um when you sort of do the the linear regression through your actual price curve you come to an estimate that says every time you double your output the cumulative output of this particular PEM electrolyzer technology that has been built now for a number of years the price has been falling by 14 percent in other words it is only 86 percent of what it was before you doubled your output and this happens with every doubling of output this goes further so this is of course a relatively short uh interval here of only 15 years for solar pv we have been able to study this for 40 years and the learning is actually has been faster it has been something like an 80 or even 70 percent learning curve in other words on average was every doubling of output um the cost has gone down by 20 percent here only by 14 percent because it's an 86 percent learning curve so it's always the complement okay that's really important when you do the projections uh as to where hydrogen sort of stands today and um really uh how much um how much in terms of cost and um pricing improvements we're likely to see uh for the these types of technologies in the market in the coming years so uh in particular um the we talked earlier green hydrogen the idea here is and this has been sort of done now in connection with PEM electrolyzers is you may want to actually not just do what you see on this slide by install an electrolyzer if you use hydrogen uh by tapping on the on the uh into the electricity market i call this sort of color neutral hydrogen but that it may make sense and this is this idea of volatility in prices again to actually do a vertically integrated system in which you're combining a renewable power source be it wind or solar with your electrolyzer um and then you either sell your output from the renewable source to the power market if you can or and your um uh the output your your hydrogen you're selling to the hydrogen units on the hydrogen market so if you do that then the critical question will be how do you scale these two things in proportion to each other the tradeoff is going to be um the renewable energy source will only run at certain times because of the intermittency and wind of wind and solar um and then you can feed your electrolyzers cheap electricity okay um if the prices are very high it may be better to make actually money in the in the electricity market so you're starving your electrolyzer an alternative to that is that you really go a step further and this is where I come to turquoise hydrogen is that you actually do exactly what we just what I just described a moment ago but in addition you open yourself up to the electricity market so that at certain times you still um feed your electrolyzer remember this is expensive equipment that you don't want to starve at any point in time um so you're also opening up to yourself to the electricity market during certain hours when your renewable source is actually not producing electricity so this is turquoise because it relies mostly mostly on green power green electricity but not exclusively and this angle here turns out to make really a large difference so with an eye on the time I'm going to uh go right to um the whole following question what are in today's environment the break even prices in other words if you invest in one of those electrolysis processes um how much must you be able to sell hydrogen for per kilogram so that you're making money on this okay so it has a what we call um over in on the in the business school what we call a positive net present value that is your investment is um is paying off for investors that minimum price at which you're breaking even will call the break even price and that determines um if you now benchmark this against prevailing prices for hydrogen from steam methane reforming um whether your technology is cost competitive so what do we find here is um you unfortunately not seeing the whole slide a comparison where we are really looking at germany versus texas and we're looking at wind energy again texas being a market with a lot of price volatility also high saturation of wind power germany also a fair amount of wind power not quite as high in terms of the percentage generation and the interesting thing is the best the lowest break even prices that makes things the most competitive you get in both cases for this integrated system so that's the turquoise hydrogen um while if you only rely on green on renewables you see you're having quite uh a drop off here so it really helps to not to put this sort of in a in a slightly flat um a course away if you insist on green hydrogen um you have your work carved out for yourself if you're willing to compromise and say yes i'm building this renewable source and at the same time i'm also relying on the power market at certain times to feed electricity to the electrolyzer your numbers are going to get a little a lot better so in effect these numbers here the two dollars fifty the two euros and fifty nine cents per kilogram or in texas 244 they put us already in the range of what hydrogen sells for nowadays even for large scale hydrogen supply so this is just on the verge of becoming cost competitive uh in the traditional hydrogen market that's as i said at the beginning is nowadays largely based on uh steam methane reforming as the last thought on this so this is going to get better for the reasons i that i'd indicated and as the last thought i mentioned these um solid oxide cells the reversible power to gas um uh or the reversible fuel cells there the interesting thing is they're much newer they're much more expensive but they can also run in both directions if we recently did the numbers on this and we're getting actually to a value now of two dollars and 60 per kilogram in texas so that's pretty close it's not quite as good yet but this is the new kid on the block here so to speak these guys are going to my prediction is these guys are going to do a lot better in the coming years and that's why there's a lot of enthusiasm to build these uh and go down that same learning curve that the others have so when all is said and done this remains an open race but i might take it is um on it is hydrogen is well positioned in this uh and it may uh of the many use cases it may carve out quite a few slots in the transportation area also as an open storage medium uh we're already getting close as it is and this is a technology or a group of technologies that are relatively young so if we fast forward another 10 years this could really grab a significant slice of the overall pie in in terms of these clean energy technologies i end with a quote from the chair of the international hydrogen association i actually agree at the end of the day i think our numbers support this the the coming decade maybe for hydrogen what the 1990s were for wind and solar um there is a lot of indication that this may play out in a similar fashion with the same dramatic results


This is Michael. Hello. He is six years old. One, two, three, four, five, six. Michael loves learning about animals. Do you know how mean birds can fly backwards? When Michael saw a video about animals with exoskeletons on Curious World, he had an idea. Exoskeleton for Teddy!


Hi guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel for today's video. It's the big review of My glam room. I cannot believe I have one. My parents were so kind to let me have this and I forced Jose to spend time with me Redecorating repainting everything if you're interested in the process at all. We did upload a kind of room renovation Blog and now I think this is the cleanest I'm gonna get it if you are on social media you make beauty videos You know this room is never going to stay clean between the camera equipment The constant box is coming in all of that. So this is the cleanest it's gonna be so I'm just I'm just gonna show it to You guys now. This is not a makeup collection. I'm not gonna go through my makeup drawers I'm going to show you more so the decor how I have things organized and how I make this room Functional for me. So all of the artwork that you'll see all about one is actually from TJ max I get asked a lot about the artwork that I have that's where it's from really cheap They have really great stuff for a beauty room. So that's what you first see when you walk in and then here's just the kind of Overview of when you walk in what it looks like So we'll start off over here in this first corner that you see So these used to be my background I always got asked where I got these from they're from TJ max And then I have this shelf from IKEA that I stole from my bedroom, but it fits perfectly in here I have my speaker from Bose so so that I can listen to music and my podcast I asked for this for Christmas. So thank you mom I have these jewelry organizers that I also just got so I don't have them filled yet But I just keep my jewelry pieces that I wear my videos here to keep them safe And then on this necklace organizer, which has my headband for my wedding I keep all the necklaces that I've made and a lot of you guys have asked when I'm gonna start selling them 2021 I promise you we just got a lot of ducks to get in a row here So now we're gonna start moving this way along the room. We'll start off with the rug from Amazon it was really really affordable. It's not my favorite But it works for now and then I really wanted a glass desk I've had this for a while, but I like the glass desk in the middle of the room because it doesn't close the room up Since it's see-through it still leaves the room feeling really open. I got it from Walmart right now my desk It's so messy, but this is the cleanest that it's ever going to be again when you film and all of that It's always chaotic So I have makeup that I want to remind myself to use here my makeup mirror and more junk My monitor I usually have on that white table over here But for now I just had a client over so to keep it clean. I just have it on here this chair. I Believe I also got from Amazon. This is fairly new as well I think it's so cute and pink and then what I love about this desk is that it has these shelves So I keep all of my brushes and all of that here. Let's move over to where the goodies lie This is it. I absolutely love the way that I store my makeup. I've never seen anybody store their makeup like this It's not cheap, but it's awesome It took me a couple of years to get all of the pieces in because I would buy box by box Little at a time and now I finally have it complete. I almost want to build another one I have the black cube shelves are from IKEA and then I left the cubes on top Open and then at the second to last set of cubes I have these drawers which you can also get at IKEA and they're great for hiding kind of the junky stuff And then the bottom row I have these I guess they're like wicker Boxes and I keep things like candles in this line Heavy I keep makeup bags in here and then I keep my giveaway stuff in here, but the rest Houses the makeup so I get my clear acrylic drawers from IKEA These are probably the pipe or not no no no no these are from container store These are probably the priciest part literally two or three years ago I started off with just one set and Slowly but surely I built it to have every cube filled out But it's perfect because the container store acrylics fit perfectly in the cubes And then I just have bags and things that I like on the top Honestly, it's a little junkier looking than I would like, but I don't know how to cut it down I like it when you get to this corner. I use this a lot for product shots I got it from Joanne's and I just put it here I have my Charlotte Tuvery lipsticks because they're my favorite in here I have my Kaleeli skin care fridge isn't it adorable. I just put it in I love it There's a little sneak peek before my makeup collection video And then I just have it sitting on this little cheap IKEA drawer thing I don't know it's really really cheap It's like $10 that holds all of my new makeup that I want to try out now the lights Thanks to Jose These are amazing. This was his idea. They're from TJ Maxx and I love how perfectly it fits my wall It's the perfect size and I like how they're not too bright and The aesthetic at night that these give my room are amazing I love the light and then you have my background. You're probably very familiar with this again TJ Maxx IKEA This was a gift. I got this really cute Christmas decoration from TJ Maxx and I'm sad to put it away soon I keep my blinged brushes here with my TJ Maxx holders and a little decor tip Cake stands made great decor This is a cake stand that we bought from my wedding and didn't end up using and how cute is it in my background And then also just this plain white desk is from IKEA It's just the perfect size to have in the back and then I keep my luxury Favorite palettes in here. I need to organize that don't look too cool and then again remember how I was talking about how we always have boxes and Piles of makeup to organize for videos That's what I hide down there and this is cleaner than normal But I always have some type of makeup in bins for videos makeup in boxes for videos and I have right here It's my trash can that I got from TJ Maxx. Everything is from TJ Maxx and then here Are my palettes that this is a whole other video to tackle my palettes have overtaken my life So we will have a organization video But just we'll give you a sneaky peek but all of my palettes are in here along the top This was the cake stand that I actually used for my wedding again cake stands great decorations I have all of like my body sprays my perfumes My glowy motions all that's over here just some cute little some cute little Thingies and then this is a childhood. Oh, what is this color? Oh, I'll lay up This is my a lamp from my childhood. I've had it forever and then oh right here right here I forgot this is what keeps me organized even though it looks disorganized So when I'm filming my videos, I have my makeup wipes. I have my towel My new fan and then down here I have palettes I want to try and then down here is like mostly my tech stuff It's kind of hard to see but this is just the stuff that I need and then that brings you to here This is my absolute favorite corner of the room I call this my gold corner because normally I like silver as decor But I have this whole corner dedicated to gold. So this one of my friends made me in college This is the only one that's not from DJ max and then we have my beautiful impressions of vanity I believe it's called like a slay case You can actually fold it up to be like a suitcase, but I think it is an adorable Decoration piece here. I do my hair here. Sometimes I'll have clients sit here as well. We have light bulbs It's just really cute for now. I just put my candle on there and it piles up junk, but Favorite part of the room. I love this Now this normally isn't here. I had a client over today So I'll pull this table over and I'll put my products and stuff. I'm using normally This is like I said what holds the monitor, but it's just here because it's today This room gets really cold and then really hot So I have this really cute heater and then I have that really ugly fan And I just need to clean my airbrush. So that's why that's out. It's normally not used it today Finishing up. I have that shelf that's been there forever So I just put some more canvases because I love with the makeup canvases and then finally in the closet I'm not going to show you because it's a mess. That's the next project that I need to That's the next project that I need to tackle I have like my makeup kit stuff my taxes stuff my photography stuff My summer clothes are in there. It's my winter boots are in there It's it's a mess, but we just changed these handles because I couldn't make my jewelry holder stay So we just changed the handles because this wouldn't like flat and it was a whole project in the Huff You saw it in the vlog like here's where I store my jewelry I kind of don't want to open it for you because again, this whole area is a project, but I'll show you I'll link a similar one because everybody always asks don't show this side today because it's really really messy Well, you can kind of get you can kind of get the gist you guys know I love my jewelry, but I'm gonna do a major major major major major clean out very very soon And can you edit my audio while that overlays? Yes. Okay. Well, I'm gonna trust you on this And then for now my ring light is normally in front of my desk, but again, I faked it This isn't normally here. It's normally in the way and then that brings us back. That is it That is my I call it a glam cave. It's a glam room, but it's my glam cave. I love it I spend so much time here. I couldn't be more happy with it and I love editing in here I love filming in here and it really inspired me to create a lot of new exciting content for you guys So let me know what contents you would love to see Definitely gonna get into my makeup collection Definitely gonna do a palette reorganization video and all the good stuff. So that's all I have for today Thank you guys so much for watching if you aren't subscribed to my channel already Make sure you guys go ahead and do that and I will see you guys in the next one. Bye


of paper. On the piece of paper, we like to draw four circles, concentric circles, official term. Once again, it's more important, and target. So, in your centre circle, or your set, who do you love most? Or, write their name in a circle, or their initials. If you can't write a school, write a circle too. Best friends. Absolute best friends. Possibly your relative that didn't make any circle one. Sorry, dad, you let me get a few times. But you can be a circle two, you know, that kind of thing. But why do you go for the crisis in circle one? Or, as you might tell a secret to, you've never done it. People you hang around with, on the street corners of a Sussex. We'll see you there, get that more kind of fun. No, these will be who you see quite well. You're associated. So, workmates would fit the belt for this. You do stuff. You're in the same choir. You see them in your room.  They could be your hook club. But if you didn't have that shared place, shared interest, then there's no way to look here. I also thought, these are people paid money to be in your life. That only there was money to be put in that house. So, yes, the S4A would seem a bit near Berkeley. You either pay them directly or through the Tax National Insurance System. So, very obviously, a GP would be a circle four person in most of his life, because they're because the pay is paid for. We're going to ask you to imagine that everyone in circle two, in that circle three, have disappeared, have deserted you, have abandoned you. So, you're really there with the middle circle that helps when you hand over like that. The middle circle, do you have that little middle circle keeping out? Or the outer circle. And the outer circle to pay people. That's all. No, it is. Now, turn to the person you're sitting next to and talk to them about how that is helping you feel inside. Remembering there's no right answer on this either.  Got it? Drop it. So, let's get started with this dark load. The classic reaction really is one of them. Back. I'm sorry. I still like it. I'm sorry. You're very very very. More like it.


Thank you for staying with us. You're still watching the breakfast on plus TV Africa. I'm right now We sign for up the press. We're going to be looking at some stories making national dailies Joining me to review this is professor Camille. Sunny Faggy. He's from the department of political science by Euro University Canon. Good morning, sir. Thank you for joining us Okay, all right So we're gonna go straight into it and this morning will be starting with the Guardian now the major headline here It says FX crisis Nigeria falling out of the top four African economies on a weak currency and There is a form of chart here if you look at it the highest time the highest one here is 2013 and 2014 That was when we had, you know, a good or thriving economy Based on our nominal GDP, right? And so I think that was yes I know that was the time of good luck Jonathan and then as we go into 2015 16 and Coming into the Buhari's administration and right now the tinnable's administration. We've seen a decline in our nominal GDP So what do you think about us being one of the well? We did not make the top four and we have one of the weakest currency at the moment So which means as we're talking now, we are the people's largest Economy from the past. We are now down to I think the post and the reason is that our currency Is one of the worst performing currency in the world Not in Africa, but in the world is a general and After the Lebanese pound and the Argentine and peso If the side was performing Currency in the world. So that is why we have lost The position from being the largest economy to in Africa to now number four in Africa There's some stories here We have the presidential candidate for the pdp atiku You know telling tinnable he says stop a blame game adopt argentina's reforms atiku tells tinnable. So Obviously now that we've been pushed into the fifth position Do you think tinnable needs to be talking to other countries, you know talking about how we can actually Adopt these reforms and you know become a better economy and maybe that can just push us back up You know to number one spot if possible. There's another one here that says Nigeria hopeful for positive outcomes At wto says the minister. Do you think this is possible? Or do you think this is something that we can see in the nearest future? Um, I think for now it is not possible But you know, we have to remember That things will be better. That is one thing. Secondly, it's true that what The opposition candidate or like party saying Is that we should now stop blaming game? and look at The problem we have to take the whole the book by the home And you know, this is what happens. You look at best practices over the world And we try to look at what you have and we come up with a solution But instead of only promising and then blaming others for the problem I think we continue doing that. We are not taking the right step towards Resolving our own problems. So I believe and I think that is what the government should do. They should look at Other places Where they have done to get out of the The problem so that we can maintain it. We shouldn't Copying blame them. We take it as a jacket and put it on our stuff We look at what they do and look at our In particularities and see how we can modify the approach so that We now get out. We address the problem But the most important thing is we should stop blaming game and start taking action Not only promising and appealing to the people also where they should be patrolling. They should be patient The end of the light I said the light at the end of the tunnel all these things are promises We'll have to do something tangible and concrete to address the problem You know, we can't be making promises because they seem like anti promises The the politicians come in when they want to campaign and they you know make all of this lofty ideas and say You know what when I get into our face I will do this and that and then now you're here And nothing is being done instead the economy is dwindling But if you were if you were going to advise the government on certain reforms to take What would that be because it's okay to say we should be patient But what are we being patient for now the um the leader of the european social political forum Um, i fanny ferri had come out to say, you know, what the european should not even join in the protest People should be patient The government is working on it But my question is what are they working on how do we know we're going to get out of this and how soon So if you were supposed to Just play an advisory role to the government What reforms do you think we can take for us to have that light at the end of the tunnel? You see the past place are coming out to say that Everybody should not join the protest and that is appealing. I think it's Troubled by the whole issue because remember when Good luck was in power when the promise to take What this president government has done in terms of removing the And in terms of floating the mirror it was the same people who come out against it They do it because this is somebody that is why it was around policy and not because it is Our own then it is a good policy. We have to be patient I think we should go beyond that and look at the problem as a national problem after all hunger And poverty don't to try ethnicity gender and religion and whatever they affect everybody. So I think To me my advice Will be first to our leaders that they should not Trilize the issue. They should not see it as On a single religious line. They should see it first as a national Problem secondly the government should now Look at what happened? Why are we being where we are now and try to address that problem? Basically, we have said this several times that the problem in the twin problems of May 29th when the government I said they are going to withdraw subsidy and when the government said they are going to go to the mirror and these two problems I mean these two issues They seem that break the commons back in terms of inflation and poverty in Nigeria So I think my advice to the government will be Look at these and see how we address it As the former vice-president said we have to look at other places who are in similar Conditions for us and what they did to get out Is uh, we should also try to Modify it and I get ourselves out of the problem. Why we should not Trilize it. We should not be blaming Blame the blame game. We should take action and so my advice to the government will be review this position and Take a necessary step accordingly Hmm Okay, so we're still on the guardian But I want to take a little headline from the punch because it's in relations to this and it says Govnas Illumelu Dengote make Tinnubu's economic advisory panel. What do you think about this?  You've seen Illumelu build another empire with the ub a group trans cop and you know, all of this company is now They've been championing the affairs of successful Businesses, do you think them coming into this advisory panel might just take Nigeria, you know out of the mess that we're in at the moment? Yeah, I think we will give you the expertise and experience and We should and Calling people of such nature So that we can have You know a sinking group that will now think of Nigeria and Try to advise the government on what to do But we I think they will help In as much as they are not made a window dressing. You know, this is one problems are leaders and in particular the politicians They will now put on expert Experience people and put them as in the committee But after you know their own submission the government will just keep it aside and will not do anything So each government is willing and politically ready to I will take the contribution of such experts and think It is going to be Positive for Nigeria. So I think they are Real worship in that advisory committee Is going to help Nigeria to remain just Okay, so still on the punch and then we'll still take it from the guardian as well The the main headline on the on the punch says nlc protests Presidency police issue fresh warnings as 65 groups pull out now The riders here are don't disrupt commercial activities Vehicular movement, Lagos commission of police tells protesters then protests illegal since presidency CSO's nlc allege government's plot to disrupt Demonstration and then on the guardian, you know, you have it as a small headline. It says 65 CSO's withdrawal as nlc There's federal government mobilizes for nationwide protests. What do you think about this protest? Even the attorney general had come out to say there's an injunction. This protest is illegal. And so We cannot have the demonstration or rather nlc cannot have the demonstration and the letter was sent to femi file. I know who's the Who's the one representing the nlc? What do you think about them coming out to say this that it is illegal? Is this just the ploy to ensure that people do not go out to demonstrate? Like I've said earlier on when we're taking our top trending stories I said it's like having to beat a baby and tell the baby hush hush don't cry So at this point, what do you I want to know your thoughts on this? What do you think about them saying the protest is illegal and the fact that about 65 CSO's Have pulled out the are they pulling out out of fear? Just walk me through your thoughts. What's going on? You see they are giving the story and giving the fact that all over the world protest is part of the right of the citizens I guess the policies in as much as the protest are peaceful I think that the government position is has always been trying not to listen to You know protests like that are to listen to the people or We do that So to say that It is illegal and I think this is an injection about 23 years ago. It is not It is not just on on this issue So I think that is one thing and it is dangerous for the government to always try to crush such protests by organized labor to me myself might believe that if the government were to allow such scenes and the police were to be protection Which is part of what the constitution say that they should give them security protection. So it has not been hijacked by everybody That will allow and every in the government to control the situation because if it is an organized labor If Something goes wrong the government knows Who they can call responsible, but by questioning this and by taking all the measures to Prevent it. They are now opening the chance for the public to come out If the public come out like what we sold running the ensas Crisis, you cannot be able to control it. That was that was not dangerous than dealing with Organized labor. So I think well to me the government should look at that and allow the people after all if they are all Constitutional right to protest And the other thing is that these groups that opted out of the Strike about 65 If you read the news what they said is that we are to this kind of movies in the labor meaning they are being financed by the government to come out and break the ranks of At the labor. So that is why I say if One looks at it when one will see the hand of government and that directly or indirectly in so many ways You know trying to throw spanner into the wheel of progress Of this issue by now using the police to issue threats By now using the law to say that it is illegal and not by also Using some groups to opt out. These are all measures to break the scene Like I said, it is a dangerous thing. It is a miscalculation by trying to Muzzle such legal way of doing This is because like this the same goes he who does not allow peaceful change is now opening way for a violent one If you don't allow peaceful organized labor to now work Like to to bent on their own You know concern You are now making it possible who do you to take off this thing and that is more dangerous for any country if You know, it is an uncontrollable outburst by the citizens Well, I agree. I think people should be free to express, you know, their fundamental human rights protesting against something is a fundamental human rights and it's okay for people to be able to go out into the streets as long as You know, it is peaceful like you've said And so having to give them that security is way better. But we'll see time and time again I think sometime last year And I also wanted to protest and the government, you know, put this Ex parte in junction as well. Like you cannot Go out into the streets to protest. I personally have always said it I do not like protest because it kind of like disrupt the whole economic activities of of the nation but You cannot beat the baby and tell the baby not to cry Anyway, speaking about protests or strikes in in this case now Asu wants of imminent strike over alleged Insensitivity by the federal government. What do you think about asu going on strike? I mean, we're still talking about the protests from the nlc Well, to you see as well, even though they're trying to like back out But then asu as well is saying they want to go on a on an imminent strike over the alleged Insensitivity of the federal government. I want to know your thoughts Yeah, I think you see as to right here, I will ask to optioning by any organized labor And um, you know The government ought to have the head of such strikes By addressing the issue So I think it is quite unfortunate if we have to allow it to degenerate to the level of our You know strike and protests the government to be in a democratic government. They have to be sensitive Uh, you know responsive to The enemies and aspirations of other people really there is any complaint about that The government should address it. They shouldn't allow it to degenerate into that level But to me, I think even if um Being a member of asu We I think we we don't have to go into that level To you know, if you go back on the strike again Um, I think we have other ways by which We can resolve that For example, if I were to advise the labor since the government is now out Seeing that uh, they are going to uh, I mean the police are warning Uh, the the labor and the dss have done the same which are all a agent of the government And uh, there is attempt to break the ranks of the labor and so on so as Hello, sir Hello, sir Instead of coming out to property where you know, I mean, um, maybe somebody just called to interrupt So I think, you know, there are so many options in in this Relationship where strike is just one thing. So there are other ways by which you can make your feelings known, especially when the government is Trying to break the ranks. So I think they can Do sit down at home But it used to work all about two days that will shut everything and now impose the government to know that uh, yes people Uh, I'm not happy with what is happening Well, I think um Negotiations are really really important in this case. Um, because really the The education of of the citizens is hinged on this if as it goes on strike, you know People in school, the students have to go home and then there is no studies. So Federal government really needs to negotiate on this to ensure that, you know, the kids because we cannot we cannot have No food we cannot have You know, prices of goods and services being on an all-time high and then no education for the kids as well It's it's it's just a lot. It's just a lot and I would I would say negotiations really really need to come in On this one Well, let's move over from the whole economic situation of the country and let's talk something A little bit more legislative which talks about emerging prospects Challenges of state police and made legislative traction. What do you think about this? I know on the show we've spoken about me and you we've actually spoken about, you know The whole state police talking about if people or the governors are going to abuse power Especially what's happening with the local government as well But what do you think of this, you know emerging prospects although they are going to be challenges for the state police But then it's gaining some legislative traction your thoughts Yeah, you see the issue of policing is very important And it will go a long way to us resolving our problem of insecurity and other challenges But like I said some other times that The problem is in as much as Having state police will decentralize The policing system and will make it more efficient and more effective more responsive to You know challenges local challenges, but we have to put it in context. We have to see What is happening in Nigeria? What has happened in the past and now we look at Our own situation was like you said the experience of our local government So by the time you now decentralize the police, I think you are Empowering the governors when they now control the The pass they now control the political power They will now control the police and now they will control the parties If you put all of these powers in their hands, we are going to see something terrible. So to me I think we have to find a way of while decentralizing the operation of the police For example, once in that people advocate of state policing are saying is that you now recruit to organize people and And even so that they know the terrain they can be more responsible at this You can do it that too You can recruit the people from within local government and state and with them operate by the control of the direction I mean this will be a Nigerian police for now One such a time that this system Operates effectively and we are able to address all the teasing problems Then you can now Send it to Decentralize it to the state But with the time being I think let's not rush too past in the problem and in the on the issue because of what I said about the possibility of Being abused by the state governments Okay, let's move over to nature news and Well, there's a small headline that says federal government justifies delay in palliative food distribution And as we know earlier the federal government has said that we're going to distribute about 40 Metric 42,000 metric tons of grains to Citizens, but now we've seen a delay in this distribution and the federal government is justifying the delay. What do you think? Yeah, you see in the New Jersey We almost have Wrote a bureaucratic bottleneck on issues like that. What other people are suffering there is the hunger in the Country, so I think we shouldn't delay the same Justification or just fine. It doesn't mean anything it make a career to the people, you know already people are Stabbing so I think the government needs to do something Quickly to address that situation And this delay is perhaps giving Credence to what some people have said what some people are saying but after all that is not such great We had about 33 Finals in Nigeria all over the federation But about 17 of them have already been optioned somehow they have been privatized or whatever So the remaining ones that we have may not have the enough stock of food to now reach this target and the other thing is Besides the huge bureaucracy around it There's huge corruption This 42,000 metric tons They may not be able to reach the affected people Some people will cash on that and you know hijack the problem and the grants will be this far Even if they are available and they will not reach the point There's a small headline that says food smuggling customs to man 1500 illegal routes with drones and I know we've spoken about this before about the security in Our borders and how our borders are so porous and people just smuggle things in but now we're seeing that you know, there's going to be Drones manning about 1500 illegal routes. What do you think about this? Do you think you know, this is what we'll be speaking about and finally It's happening whereby our borders are not as porous as they used to be You see the manning with drone do you think it's going to help because We have We have a very porous porous So they are beyond the human resources that we have our own capability But I think Just manning it by drone will be able to identify the problem But how do you arrest it? That is the problem. So I think Usually the drones should be you know, I accompany it by you know mobilizing the personnel And we are empowering them so that they can effectively mend the situation the borders otherwise Yes, we can be able to see what is happening But before you take action it will be too late So I think we need a combination We shouldn't just relax and say okay We are going to use the drones and that's only to solve our problem. So what I'm saying basically is that Using the drone is a very very welcome I say which will help us a lot But actions have to Work the use of drone like what I see you see if you look at What the Saudi are doing about illegal They are using control of their own food Yeah, it is a big observe and immediately A problem is detected. Actually it's taken to hit it off But uh, you know, they need to see if we don't have the non-power I think The drone just It will be a restful exercise Okay, I want to take this final one just real quick before we wrap it up and this is from the business ng It says federal government says naira is already Stabilizing do you think this is true because every day we see the price go up But now the federal government is saying that the naira is stabilizing. Do you think that's true? And I want to know your thoughts as we wrap it up To me, I don't think that is uh true because what we are seeing is contrary to what Is the government is saying perhaps on paper in terms of policy They'll say it is stabilizing but on ground and in reality, it is not stabilizing because of The huge corruption around it and because of uh, you know, uh The profitability Of you know operating in legal and I wouldn't say if you don't stability of operating The outside market and so I think that Uh is a contrary to what the government is saying All right. Thank you so much. This is where we have to wrap it up on this segment today Thank you so much for joining us and coming as usual to just share your valuable contributions Thank you very much. Thank you Okay, we'll be speaking to professor Kamilu Sani Fagi He's from the department of political science by euro university can of states And we've just been reviewing the papers and what the global headlines have been on the national dailies this morning We'll go on a short break when we return. We'll be looking at our first hot topic to talk about How about 80 percent of Nigeria's crude oil has been stolen said by president Former president lushego abasando. We're going to short break. We'll return. Thank you


Good morning. My name is Henry Jordan. I'm the Variety Tested Manager here at Auburn University and I'm standing in an early planted maturity group for soybean trial at our E.V. Smith Free-Thirk Center. So on my right is what a typical variety trial would normally look like. On my left is what happens when we have extreme nematode pressure. So a little bit about this trial. It was planted on April the 22nd. It was an early planted trial maturity group for soybeans. I came out in mid to late June and took pictures, variety specific pictures of this trial and for the most part everything looked like this variety on my right. When I came back about a month later in July you can see what we've got on my left. So one thing I want to bring up here is the importance of variety selection. Choosing the right variety can either make or break a grower in certain conditions. So obviously this variety on my right is very tolerant compared to the variety on my left. So here we can see some pretty severe symptomology caused by a root not nematode and what actually happens is the J2 phase of the nematode actually enters the root and creates these galls around themselves. In that field we've got a foliar disease that we also have nematodes. So Claire has dug up a root. I don't know if you can get close enough you can see the massive galling on the root system caused by the root not nematode. So when you see the inner vent of the root, that's a fungal nematode.  But everything does not die and some of the roots are still surviving. You can see the plant is put on extra roots in the top trying to make up for the damage caused by the root. And this one we can clear with some pods. It still survived. Lots of pods on this one. So this is a bad situation with root not nematode. Here we are in the soybean field where we pretty clearly have some symptomology going on. So in order to make sure that it is the root not nematode we're going to take a quick soil sample. So what you're going to want to do is take your soil probe and place it pretty close to your root system and then go ahead and take that soil sample. You're going to want to get a few places along these rows and then you're going to mix these samples together in a ziploc bag and then you're going to want to treat it like a gallon of milk. You don't want it to get too hot. You're going to want to keep it refrigerated so that you can then send it into the Auburn lab and they can tell you if you have what type of nematode you have and also the population number and then that can help you make better management decisions. On this variety that you see we still have root not nematode damage and you can see the galling here but it's not as severe as in that last plot. So we do appear to have some tolerance on here in this plot and you notice we don't have as much of the fungal disease as either. So this variety is a little taller much smaller has more yield but it still does have the gall. So the nematode is here but not causing it severe damage. So we'll just call this one more tolerance. Here in this variety this you notice the roots of this plant which looks so lush and green it has a good yield on it no fungal disease has also very little nematodes but and the root system is quite clean. So this one is definitely looking very good. We did we specified he was not nematodes on it but it's definitely not got the galling so it is a very tolerance. So the variety trials are extremely helpful that we can look at all these different genetics and see the expression of all these varieties when we do have a nicely root not excessive yield on fungal disease. So if you have your soybeans with showing galls like this one because of root not nematodes you may need to switch varieties and get a very nice root system like this one. So this plant is showing the ability to fight the root not nematodes and if you have the root not nematode in your field you're going to have to have a very good variety that is tolerant to this problem and also you're going to have to do your management practices accordingly to help your soybean plant fight the nematode. So fungicide insecticide keep the pests away keep diseases away help your plant to fight the nematode. Also during the winter you can rotate your field with some options like wheat rye and black oats to help the population of the nematodes keep down. Another option you have is to be certain that when you buy your seed they come with a nematocyte treatment on on the seed and that way you're going to have another help to have your plant healthy and fighting the problem. If you want to see the data and results from this trial you can go to the variety test website


Hi everybody Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing 2020 tops chrome update series sapphire baseball four box break Random team addition number three where each spot gets you two random teams So 15 spots everyone gets two random teams the MLB all card ship for your teams One auto per box, and it's a very strong auto checklist This is the first year we've done update series sapphire, so Nice stuff Eight packs each pack four cards Looking for the one-of-one super fractors. I guess is in a Is it a super fracter in this? I thought it was Pad Perosh of the sapphire either way we'll find out So here is the customer list from Courtney Bishop of the first two spots all the way down to Naric Aramassian with last spot mojo times three since each spot gets you two teams We need to double up the list There you go. So you can see Narc with his last three spot mojo's Up to Courtney Bishop again, and then our again back up to Courtney Bishop and everybody else in between as well Our teams from the dime of axe down to the Washington Nationals dice roll to randomize both lists and pair them up Six and a four ten times 10th and final time From Barry Roberts down to Ryan Redmond Ten times on the randomizer ten times on the dice Copy that to there now ten times the dice ten times on the teams 10th and final time from the dime of axe down to the Yankees So let's make this big enough for everybody to read We'll go through it, and then we'll open up the trade window for you folks that are here Barry Roberts with the diving backs Ryan Redmond with the Blue Jays Ryan Redmond also with the Indians Naric Aramassian with the Brewers Barry Robert with the Mets Naric with the Dodgers and the Rockies Ed Esper with the Phillies Naric with the Rangers Brent Culper with the twins Richard Miller with the Royals Darren McKenzie with the Giants in the Orioles Courtney Bishop with the Tigers Richard Miller with the Nationals Brent Culper with the Asperos Ryan Redmond with the Braves Courtney Bishop with the Mariners Tony Barkie with the Cardinals Richard Miller with the Reds Courtney Bishop of the Marlins Richard Miller with the White Sox Jeremy Agno with the Cubs in the Rays Naric Aramassian with the Pirates Ed Esper with the A's Courtney Bishop with the Angels Tony Barkie with the Padres Naric with the Red Sox and Ryan Redmond with the Yankees So there is our list. Let's sort it by team and Open up the trade window so If you would like to possibly trade see if any other buddy else wants to trade for the teams you have There is the list of customers and respective teams Kind of hydrate all this fire that's looking out of these boxes Ed's holding fast Strong strong hold and Diamond hands. That's what they're calling them nowadays Uh, give another 10 seconds in the trade window, but it looks like everybody is holding hands Naric coming in last second anybody interested in Dodgers Red Sox Rockies Brewers or Pirates? Those five teams he's got on the trade window So I'll give another 10 seconds If not Naric We'll close it up going five four three two one and zero There you go trade window closed Uh, Randy That went to I think Nick The video should be uploaded or is being uploaded. Nick uh, Nick won the the totes Ryan saying Yankees for Dodgers Naric if you want you want to do that Ryan I will accept that trade So let me know shortly You guys want to do that confirmed confirmed Ryan Naric confirmed trade Yankees Dodgers straight up Okay, cool confirmed So last second trade We trade window closed and everything look at you guys making me break the rules Okay, so Naric's trading out of the Dodger spot into the Yankees Ryan Redmond trading out of the Yankee spot into the Dodgers Playing with my heart guys Playing with my heart Rex don't underestimate the people Okay, a little tea there for the trade window the trade mojo for both of you Now let's print rip trade window officially closed. It gets wild late night It gets wild rules just thrown out the door strong trade to strong trade Big franchise for big franchise Okay Whoa, what's going on here? Hold on The camera as you can see there are boxes here, but this is not showing those boxes Give me one second There it is did it Okay, there you go cool Now we're fixed So those are our boxes Especially picked for this break about yours truly There you go finalists little trade mojo Naric ryan Oh Gotta turn off the mic There's a mic on the camera. So when I had to reload it There's days when I didn't know how to reload the camera when stuff like that happened Not in that problem anymore A little fully functioning human breaker now. I can't it's gonna block your email Ed just so you know But we update our site with new breaks every single night Sometimes during the daytime too. So it's just Just bookmark our website Ed The jaspyscasebreaks.com just make it one of your favorite pages Check it daily check it multiple times a day But every single night will load new breaks and then As the breaks sell out through the day sometimes we'll reload those breaks So like today, this is the third the third version of this top chrome update series sapphire that we've done So we've had to reload this twice today But yeah, every single night we reload the breaks. We do this seven nights a week So welcome Now let's find you some good stuff All these are like like I said every single card ships. They will all be penny sleeved as well Before they are sent out some of the best cards on the market nice Aaron judge green sapphire Yankees strike first on the trade Naric 31 out of 45 on that. There you go nark arista de sequino for the reds richard miller Gavin luxe for the Dodgers Dodgers come back swing and ryan redmond on that trade And our first auto It's going to the texas rangers joey gallow Texas rangers nark armas in last spot mojo Like we say guys all of these cards will be penny sleeved at least before they get sent solid start Rinse and repeat three more boxes It's hard to like honestly sapphire is such a good-looking set I think I might try to collect the full set of these I don't think I'll do color. I'll just do the base That'd be a nice looking set. I know That's that trade mojo man Big names rookies good auto. That's all we're asking for there is um It says super fracter, but I'm almost positive the one of one in this is the pad paracha It's like a pink looking color sapphires one of one has always been a pad paracha, but I don't know It says one of one super fracter So maybe it is a super fracter instead of a a pad paracha now. I don't know Yeah, we've talked about that on rex. They don't like it though. Do they or do they like it? Oh, they hate Adam angle green out of 45 13 out of 45 going to the chicago white socks richard miller and our second auto is jake fraley for the seattle mariners courty bishop Okay, not the rookie names. We're looking for in box two Yeah, uh, narek's a regular around here Good guy You'll uh, the more you come by you'll see the same people in here quite often ryan rex narek Lots of uh, lots of different people in here Good little group. Absolutely narek big names rookies and then uh, and I think you um We also do personals like so instead of group breaks. We also do personal breaks Um seven nights a week as well over on instagram Um, which is a different site jaspys.com instead of jaspyscasebrakes.com So you can get like personal boxes for yourself of stuff like this or Anything pretty much So we do it both Seven nights a week Al Lewis rookie debut for the mariners courty bishop Antonio sent senella Or sends the tele colorado rockies narek armassian 40 out of 45 on that one for you narek randy dobnik Auto for the minnesota twins brent culper. Good night guys. See you tomorrow Chris aenetta. Hey, here's our last box. Ed. We gotta get you on the I know we hit a week. I passed over a little bit earlier, but Did have a nice rookie. Hey, sues. Lizardo in there Why we like to refer to as jesus lizard around here. Thanks to uh, just a great name Let's see if we can get you on the board with an auto or some color as well So we've got the a's and the fillies for you. See Auto or we have like this first-timers mojo, you know, so let's see if we can Rumble that up for you with this last box here Time mojo is real Looks like the auto is right on top pack this time We got a good name to start with though Like I said, even the base card for superstars sell really well Mike trout and hymen just courty bishop. We get two autos. Oh, no, that's the color And it's james marvel for the pittsburgh pirates rookie auto Going to nark armasian buster posie green to 45 For the giants darin mckenzie 35 out of 45. I think we got two colors in here Another thick card there Is that or maybe we got an auto? That's just a filler card. Gotta be excited.  Well, there you go. That's box mojo That was surprising. Well, there you go. Nice lubeb rookie auto to finish it. Oh, that'll do two autos in the box Thanks for throwing in the james marvel as an additional auto Thanks, ed. That's the break Chicago white socks louise robert rookie auto redemption This is the weirdest-looking redemption I've ever seen but it counts It still works not even a top's regular redemption super cool Congrats, uh, richard and there you go guys That was 2020 tops chrome update sapphire baseball four box break two random teams each number three from jazzy's case breaks dot com I'm sean jazzy's case breaks.com. Thanks for hanging out. We'll see you next time


Let's set up the sales tax. We're going to go to the tab on the left. We're going to go to the taxes and we're in the sales tax. So I'm going to close this back out. It says up top, automatically calculate sales tax rate for each sale. One, create an invoice or receipt. Two, we calculate the sales tax rate based on date, location, type of product or service and customers. Those are the three items. And three, we keep your sales tax updated when laws change so you stay compliant, which is nice. The system's getting better and better at applying the sales taxes on state and local level, which is more complex than just a federal level. So that's nice. So we're going to use the automatic sales tax. Here's the address we have on record. So they're using our address, which is going to be the primary address that they're going to try to calculate the sales tax in. So they're going to say, Hey, what are the, this is my, my interpretation. What are the sales tax requirements for a business located at that address? That's going to be what they're going to assume is going to be applicable in general. So we're going to say, All right, let's keep that. So I'm in California here in practice. We'll try to make the sales tax kind of generic. I'm trying to try to override it to 5% when we make the sales, just to keep it like a generic sales tax, but it's going to be based on the location here. Okay. Tell us more about your taxes. We calculate sales tax based on what you sell and where you sell it. So if you sell in multiple locations, we calculate the correct sales tax for each one. So do you need to calculate sales tax outside of California? I'm going to say no, which will of course be more simplified. If you do have sales tax and multiple locations, then you'd hit yes, and you got to make sure that you're filling out the information necessary for, for the sales tax for multiple location. So it looks like you need to pay tax to just one government office in California.  I'm going to copy that in case they want to force me to make the, the vendor for that. But yeah, that's who we pay then in California. Looks good. Nice long title for the California office there. Automatic sales taxes set up. Give it a spin by creating your first invoice. So I'm not going to create the invoice here because I think that kind of confuses things. I'm going to close this out first. And that then gives us our sales tax information to further populate. So how often do you file sales tax? So you can find this info on your sales tax business registration. So if we're subject to sales tax, then we got to make sure that we're set up our sales tax with the, the appropriate office of the sales tax. And then we need to determine how frequently we need to pay the sales tax. Now, remember what happens? We make sales, we're going to collect the sales tax, which hopefully should be set up to do that at this point in time. And then the money that we've collected from the customers, because we're just the collection agency now, they've made us into their, their collection agency, we're going to have to then pay that to the government at some point in the future. How is that going to work? Am I going to be collecting the money on the sales for the month of January, for example, and then have to pay the January collections I made in February? Or maybe I can collect for three months, the whole quarter, January, February, March, and then I pay at the first month of the following quarter and so on. Or maybe they let me collect all year and I only have to pay one time. What's going to be the deal? So if you can't find it or chain or, or it changed, check out the table to see. So if you, so normally you would want to go to your personal information, but they have the default information down below. You got the California Department of Tax and Fees. This is of course subject to California. It will differ based on your location, but you have a similar kind of concept. So filing frequency. So do we file monthly, quarterly, or yearly? Again, this will be dependent on location and typically the amount of sales you make. Generally, if you don't make a lot of sales, the government's more likely to say, Hey, we're just going to make you file yearly, because whatever, you don't make a lot of money anyways. So that's fine. But if you start making more money, then they want it quarterly because they want to check up on you to make sure that you're doing things right. If you make a lot of money, they want it monthly because they want their money because now you're making money and they want their money and you know how it works. So there it is. So I'm going to say monthly for the purposes of the practice problem so that we can see a payment happen. Then we've got the California filing frequency. So this is just for California. But again, you would think there would be similar filing requirements depending on your location. So here's the source information. If you wanted to check it out, I'm going to save it there. And so that should complete the setup process. So now when I'm in the sales tab, so if I hit the plus button, I'm in the sales tab again, we've got our information auto safe or sales tax. The California is our location. We just have the one and then the California department of tax. We've got the nice little tag down here. You've got your sales tax settings. If you need to make any adjustments to the sales tax setting, here's going to be the agency. If we needed to add an agency, we can hit the plus button and go through the process of adding another agency as up top. You can also have your custom rates down below. Now for the purposes of the practice problem, I would like to have basically a custom rate of like 5% just to make it generic. So I'm going to try to add a custom rate. And so add a custom sales tax rate. And I'm going just going to say or test rate. I'm going to say the agency. I'll keep it the California department here. And I'm going to say the rate is 5%. So I'm going to have a generic rate that I'm going to be applying. And I'm going to say save. So now we've got our generic rate on down below that we have added. I'm going to go back to our sales center up top. And then you also have your economic nexus over here. If you go into that, it says all states have rules about collecting sales tax from out of state businesses. So you've got kind of problems. Of course, now when you have sales that are happening in different, you know, across state lines and whatnot. So if you do enough business in a state, you may owe them sales tax, even if you don't have a physical location there will help you figure out if you meet the threshold to pay sales tax in different states. So then you can kind of dive in here and do some more research on what your sales tax obligations are when you get into more complex situations, making sales in multiple locations.