Jdu to dobrý. Neznam co to je. Jo, ale toto je. To je oblán. Prýčetelnění cesté bobradou. Pětčke, já to možnou mám. No. Aha. Tak je to, že... Ty časí, co ti tam bude ukázat, to je na tvůj tol. Tak budeš mít na 47, na Vdalské, jo? Až ti to ukážu, kdo v tači, tak to znamnáš. Ještě pak máš 10, na Vdalské. Takže 40. 40 dohor? 40, tak to se na Vdalské. Jo, tak se na Vdalské. No, 40, jsou na Vdalské. Super. Dobrý. Mikrofón, který když tak, kdybyš z Pakti o Vdalské zopakovalo? Mm-hmm. Ony má velký dosat, takže to bude. Dobrý. Hello, guys. Please welcome our last but not least speaker in this room today, Peter Schiffer from Red Hat, who is going to tell us something about OpenShift on Google Cloud platform. So, welcome everyone. As was said, my name is Peter. I work in Red Hat in Atomic OpenShift team, specifically in end-to-end sub-team of Atomic OpenShift, where we work mostly on the reference architectures for OpenShift, which will be I talking about today. So, slides are available in GitHub, if you would like to follow on your own or check them out later. And let's do this. So, today I will be talking about what we do in our team that reference architecture, why we are doing it and mostly how. Now, reference architecture, or what is it, or what do we want to provide? We would like to provide highly available production quality, OpenShift architecture, which leverages native infrastructure of cloud providers. Now, we are working with more cloud providers and specifically those five. For every cloud provider, there is a different reference architecture. All of them are done within my team and I specifically am working on Google Cloud platform architecture. So, now, why we are doing that? I guess mostly because it's fun and otherwise because you would have to do all of this by yourself. Now, we as a Red Hat provide, as a Red Hat company, we provide OpenShift product, which have some installer. There is like basic and advanced installer, advanced installer use is sensible and it can pretty neatly deploy your, deploy OpenShift on something. So, installation of OpenShift itself is pretty, I guess it's pretty well done. Now, it's mostly automatic and even the OpenShift is pretty complex applications. The installation of OpenShift is pretty easy. But now, we have various infrastructure providers. As I've told before, there is like, there is Amazon Web Services, there is OpenStack, GC, Microsoft Azure or VMware and every infrastructure has its own specific features or ways how the infrastructure do stuff. And now, if you want to deploy highly available production ready OpenShift, you need to configure your infrastructure in some way. And because of OpenShift is complex, your infrastructure needs to be complex as well. So, this is basically a reason why our team was formed like almost two years ago, where we found the problems, or, let's say, other way where we want to fix issue, where it was, when it was kind of too complex to deploy OpenShift on some provider from those before. So, we are working on reference architecture which is kind of a guidance or it's really a PDF document which describes the infrastructure of the provider. It shows all the necessary parts which are required to have highly available production ready OpenStack installed. And it guides you step by step what to do, how to do it and why to do it. So, while this document is pretty neat to have because you don't need to find out all the stuff by yourself because the providers are really quite complex and even if in our teams we were working for the first initial release of the reference architecture for almost a year. So, this is great, but it would still let the most of the work on you. So, you would have to go to Google Cloud Console and you would need to click there all the instances, all the networking and everything, all the configuration you would have to do yourself. We have a web interface or from the command line interface as most providers provide some command line tools for configuration. So, to fix this as well we are also providing some code which basically can do all of this for you automatically. So, in GCE we have a currently shell script combined with Ansible which with one command can deploy all the infrastructure, deploy OpenShift and do some configuration of post installation task for you. Basically, it's done within half an hour or so. The paper is or the reference architectures are official. They are reviewed by plenty of people and they should be high quality. Code, however, is not officially supported by RedHead but we are doing... Well, we do unofficial support so if there is an issue, if there is a pull request with review and stuff like that but we don't guarantee anything. All right, so... This might be the end of the talk but it wouldn't be so great. So, let's make a new agenda a let's talk about how we provision infrastructure and about the infrastructure itself specifically about the Google Cloud platform how we deploy OpenShift and how to configure it and do some post installation task. So, about the infrastructure. Before we try to provision it let's describe it. Let's talk about stuff we are using in our reference architecture by OpenShift. Kind of most simple or the first feature I'm going to talk about is just Google Cloud DNS which provides DNS service for the cloud. A good thing or very important thing is that it's scriptable so you can configure it automatically from command line. This is like one of the cool features of hosted cloud providers specifically GCE, AWS and Azure. It's pretty good also for OpenStack but for example if you have VMware and you are managing your own infrastructure and you don't have solved DNS by like it's not possible you don't have solved DNS it's not possible to automatically configure it you have to include manually because there is no way how to make a super general reference architecture to handle all of the DNS configuration and we don't want to provide DNS server for infrastructure because we don't know nothing about it. So, with GCE it's pretty cool you don't need to care about only the required thing is that for the domain you are going to use you need to point it to the name servers of Google and that's it. Also that's like I think like one manual task kind of you need to do before deploying the OpenShift infrastructure. Next we are using Google Cloud Virtual Networking without that it wouldn't work of course we are using a single network for all instances but traffic is like heavily controlled by five or all rules control all ingress and ingress for every instance so like every service can communicate only with specific boards of every instance so there's trying to be as secure as possible In GCE variable rules requires text so basically you need to take every instance in the GCE and the rules are bind to the text so the variable rules also never works with internal IP address because there's no need for them and if you have multiple instances with the same type like masters or instances or OpenShift nodes it's really easy to configure the firewall and pretty easy way Now we are also using the Google Object Storage where we store images for the registry this is supported by OpenShift so we really just set it up for OpenShift installer and let it work the way and the last most used part of GCP is Google Compute Engine which provides virtual machines disks and everything related to cloud virtual machines it would expect so now let's talk about GCE this is the most important and biggest part of GCE of the reference architecture now for base images of operating system for every instance we are using custom images because even though Google provides real based images they doesn't contain the sufficient subscriptions so it's not possible to install OpenShift there now to register Google provided real instance to your account and attach to your subscription but the instances created from the official Google's redhead images are more expensive so you would end up being double charge for the one service so in our reference architecture we are using official real7KVM image provided by redhead from access portal which also needs to be downloaded by by customer and it's used by the shell script which deploys the architecture so that's the second manual step or break with it yeah, we automatically convert and change the image so it's accepted by Google Cloud platform now before talking about other instances used by OpenShift we are using one more instance called bestchant which has which is only instance with public SSH access and we are using to proxy to access all other instances and we are also deploying OpenShift from there so this instance has two use cases one with security so no other instance have public SSH access and the second use case is the installations where installation where we can easily provide a known environment for deploying OpenShift we could deploy OpenShift on GC be from user's workstation but we don't know about Ansible version here and stuff like that so to minimize to minimize problems and use a known environment we are doing this way but there will be probably another option on how to do it we would like to provide the installation or Ansible with installation script as docker container so it would be possible to deploy the OpenShift from anywhere with known configuration but that's still on to do it's not ready yet so now about instances Google provides two neat features one is instance template where you can pre-configure how your instance will look like meaning that you can specify machine type contains like number of CPUs and number of RAM your instance will have and you can also in the instance template specify which image will be used to create instance disks will look like and stuff like that so you don't need to create that instance separately and instance groups this feature I'm not aware if OpenStack is it or AWS probably not but it's really nice where basically for instance groups provide a single entity to manage number of same instances so to create instance group you specify instance template and how many instances you want there there's like this basic configuration of instance group and when you created Google Cloud or Google Compute Engine will create the required number of instances automatically it supports health check so you can easily create auto healing it's used also for load balancing and stuff like that for now in our reference architecture it's not possible to add additional nodes to OpenShift cluster for now but later we'll be adding this feature and we'll be utilizing the feature of instance groups where it will be enough just to change the number of instances in an instance group and the cluster or OpenShift cluster will be automatically adjusted but it doesn't work yet now probably the most important the hardest part was figuring out networking and load balancing in GC because from the architecture let's see if you want to be highly available we need at least three masters ideally in different zones that's they are here we have two infrastructure nodes which are like the regular OpenShift nodes but they are running only infrastructure applications it's like a router and registry and any user applications and last part is like any number of application nodes which run user applications so now to make it work we need to load balance traffic for masters and nodes or routers so only routers are accessible from outside network any traffic for the application running in OpenShift has to go through the router of OpenShift in front nodes but for the masters there are two types of traffic one is public traffic which is going from users to OpenShift console whether it's whether it's internal browser base access or whether it's command line utility and a second kind of traffic is internal to OpenShift between masters and nodes now OpenShift is using certificate based authenticity so every node in OpenShift is identified with its own certificate and masters can authenticate that certificate and they can say this is valid OpenShift node but those certificates are usually not like publicly valid certificates so when you would try to access the OpenShift masters through those certificates you would get warning that it's like in valid or insecure certificate so to solve this problem we are using SSL proxy in front of masters for public connection so there is a single valid certificate facing the public network which user sees when connecting to the masters so that's this one now there is two network based load balancing one is for master for internal traffic and one is for routers from public traffic there are also two registries running on every infrastructure node but the service is automatically load balanced by Kubernetes so we don't need to care about it also this is the current version of reference architecture but in the next version there will be three OpenShift infer nodes because OpenShift 3.4 introduced a new suite feature called I don't know, something like zero data and upgrade and for this feature to work we need infrastructure nodes so the update is without downtime so it will be changed but we just add an initial infrastructure nodes node so let's say we somehow know what we need to load balance and let's discuss how we will do it basically Google provides four types of load balancing first is HTTPS load balancing which works on HTTP layer we originally used that for web access but we found out that the web console is using web sockets so it is in a way so we switch to SSL proxy this was pretty fine and it's enough for our needs there is a single certificate in cloud platform which is served by Google and the nodes or instances so that doesn't instances don't know about it and that's perfectly fine and two other load balancing methods are network load balancing and internal load balancing we are using network load balancing for both internal master access external router access this is basically because when we were creating other friends architecture internal load balancing didn't exist yet so we will be probably switching for internal master access we will probably use internal load balancing the network load balancing the main difference between those two is that network load balancing requires public IP which is again fine because we are filtering all the traffic with firewall so there is no really any security issue but internal load balancing will be probably better so now we probably think all right it's not that bad it's like four times what can go wrong nope there are a lot of things you need to configure but if you want any of this to work so for SSL proxy SSL proxy is a little bit more complicated than network load balancing basically for every load balancing google you need something called forwarding rule which binds public IP address with target proxy or target pool target proxy is used I think the SSL proxy is very similar to HTTPS proxy there needs to be SSL proxy similar to HTTPS load balancing there needs to be some proxy which contains the certificate and will end SSL connection but you can choose if the connection between target proxy and backend services will be encrypted or not so you can still use on master instances we are still using HTTPS certificates but they are internal and they are not mallet publicly but the connection is encrypted so the forwarding forwarding rules contains IP address and target proxy which represents where these IP address or the traffic for these IP address should be forwarded in case of SSL proxy needs configuration of SSL certificate and configuration of backend service which represents the instance groups or instances itself which will accept the traffic network load balancing doesn't contain the proxy just a pool with instances so but it's still not it because you need to think about level of resource are you using because the resources in Google cloud platform can be in free states or can act on free levels which is a global for everything regional which is local to region and region is like Europe America, Asia and so on and zone which means I guess data centers so so you need to know that for SSL proxy you need global IP address but for network based load balancing you need regional IP address and stuff like that so it's kind of hard to put it all together as well there is I think it's required health checks for the backend services so when health check fails the traffic is not forwarded to the broken instance for now we are not using auto healing but that will be featured later with option to adding additional nodes and basically that's it about infrastructure so once you configure all of this you can deploy open shift yeah and with regards to the infrastructure it's kind of really easy if your infrastructure is running so we are using advanced installation for open shift which uses Ansible like directly and you can modify the parameters for for Ansible and advanced installation do you all know Ansible who worked, please put your hand up if you worked with Ansible nice almost everyone so I guess you know that there is one feature called dynamic inventory there are two kind of inventories there are static and dynamic static inventory is like a file, text file which contains all the hosts you specify manually and dynamic inventory is basically a script which can query something to provide the group provide instances and group of instances based on some specific criteria GCEs or Ansible supports dynamic inventory for GCE and it returns so it can return all instances and groups by text so we appropriately take every instance master of infrastructure nodes or application nodes so advanced installation can automatically recognize all the instances and it can pretty easily deploy master services to masters and stuff like that so basically that's it we just provide some configuration file for an installation we don't know nothing special with that and last part of the OpenShift or the last part of the reference architecture is configuration of OpenShift and some post installation tasks which which are all done with Ansible and which contain some specific configuration for GCE, for example OpenShift storage which can OpenShift storage supports GCEs persistent volumes so we just configure that we slightly configure firewalls on instances mostly for health checks that's not done automatically by OpenShift installer we set up some quotas deploy registry which is also default part of default OpenShift installer and we also do deployment validation where we try to create project in deployed OpenShift we deploy some application wait for it to come up and check if it works correctly then we delete it so once basically once you are the script finished you have OpenShift installed and now that it is working if not you will see some error messages you need to debug yourself at least you know that something is not working the validation also test builds so also the registry and the build service is tested and validated so if you want to try it for now you need google account basically it's free and access to the google cloud platform when you try to for first time i think you have credit like 300$ to trial it so you don't need to pay for that if you want to try and you also need reddit account for Retina Enterprise Linux and OpenShift subscription but we will be also working for version with Cento as an OpenShift origin it's not ready yet again it's something on our to do but we definitely want to provide that option as well now if you have all these accounts it's really easy no well if you have the accounts now you need the gcloud utility on your workstation from where you will be running the deployment it's pretty easy to configure there you can install it with this super unsecure way or there is also yum repository and app ppt ppa repository for Ubuntu so you can do it that way as well and once your cloud in it cloud utility is installed and configured you just clone our repository with reference architecture script you change directory, configure one file and run the script so the file the configuration file contains plenty of configuration options most part of the reference architecture is configurable meaning that you can rename everything how it's called in the provider and you can also change size of the disks change number of instances and stuff like that also you can configure the region and zone where your open shift want to be running and stuff like that also the deployment script supports the river adoption which basically removes everything from the cloud created by that script so you can test it and if there is something not working you can remove everything and start deploy again or stuff like that so i have 4 minutes, i just show you the configuration file basically is the repository with the reference architecture architecture stuff all scripts for all providers are there there are also links for the pdf papers Microsoft Asia is probably not publish it but it's very close the code is already there and reference architecture for open stack is somewhere else i don't know where because within the reference architecture they are working also on better integration of open stack with open shift so it has i think it's on the repository so the gc script and configuration is here and the file looks like this let's say basically this is the most important part the configuration which basically you need to adjust there is the path for the rl west image there is the configuration for rl subscription and the redhead account gcloud project zone and the dns configuration you can also provide your own HETPS certificate if you don't provide any it will be automatically generated so signed so you can try just that and ocp identity providers provides the authentication service by default we are using google identity provider but you need to specify some your IDs and secrets but you can basically change it to any authentication like github or if you are using any local identity provider service you can use it here and the rest of the file contains default services which almost everything can be configured if it's size of the instances names number of instances and stuff like that also there are all fiber rules specified here if you need to modify them or adjust them basically that's it so do you have any questions yep actually this math and architecture is not yet supported by the code the question is about supported the question is whether the reference architecture is supported or not the code the scripts are not officially supported we are providing them as a guidance and you can use them at your own will if you want the paper i think i'm not sure really now but i think there is also a know that it's like guidance you can inspire yourself even if there is also a problem with the reference architecture you can open the case for it but there are no SLAs because we don't really have the cloud provider under our control and it can change anytime and stuff like that so we can't by it's supported so we are used to for masters yes we are using native HA before there was like you have to use AJ proxy but not anymore but yep it works pretty fine we don't the masters are not yet divided in multiple zones for GCE they are for AWS but there was a back in Kubernetes which which prevented us to use them but this is fixed in 3.4 so we will be updating the reference architecture the supper is almost ready for it just a couple of variables in the script but we couldn't use it until the 3.4 is out any more questions so the question is about if we are using some testing of performance and validation of this reference architecture so we edit and we are adding continuous integration for the reference architectures so the scripts are automatically tested every time you make a push the first was AWS and I think GCE is already edit or is being edit for performance we don't do that by ourselves but we have a team which is working on that which works on OpenShift performance in general sub team but we do work with them and we have them reviews and stuff like that so we use their guidance any other question most major the most major provider most major reference architecture the reference architecture for AWS was the kind of first one or we were like most other architectures are following that one kind of every architecture is a little bit different but I guess the best integrated architecture is definitely for OpenStack because that's also our product and we can do much more for integrating the services for example on OpenStack OpenShift OpenShift is using OpenStack networking so there's like not virtual networking on virtual networking because OpenShift has its own SDN software defined networking so basically that what we can use in the cloud what we can use from OpenShift of the provider we are trying to use it as for example the object storage and stuff like that and in the end we would like to use also the networking make it better and stuff like that but there's a lot of limitation it's allowing in a time so and about which reference architecture is best really if you can have your own OpenStack so that's probably the best solution for your company and for public providers there's not like big differences but it's true that Amazon reference architecture for AWS has some features sooner than others like adding nodes feature results already present in reference architecture for AWS and for GC it will be added later stuff like that but it really depends for example for Microsoft Azure it's possible to load some file which will be displayed in the web interface and you just click it that you want to deploy this and it will deploy the infrastructure based on that file from graphical interface but this is again, this is a feature of the public of the cloud provider so not all of them provides that so it varies any more question if not, thank you very much for everything we have been talking talks in all the D rooms the schedule is ready it's on the web and it's in the Android app so check it and go take a look the party at Fleda starts at half past seven but if you haven't got anything so far I think you are out of luck because there are no no no no there is a big sign it's really hard to see really if you ask me everybody knows it maybe it's good it's possible because it's on the web it's on the web but it's true that it's on the web it's on the web and it's on the web so it's really hard to see it is to see pavl porque they feel it so i have reached it got it Tři anteny tam mám tam přikrátné, s tím, že jako můžeme jedná výfinaje, tak pojede nás tři. Tři anteny a druhá karta je juba na jim, že jim říkáš toho. Ano, mě jsou, kde bys dělal, jdeme dolajíš. Tohle mě tam možu být. Ano, kde jim být jako pomytný. Ale je tam nějaké výsere, je tam nějaké, jakože něčom, čo mi jsou jen ten syd. Ono, se pošli, že můžeme sygnalit. Ono, se pošli, že můžeme sygnalit. Ono, se pošli, že můžeme sygnalit. Ono, se pošli, že můžeme sygnalit.


Hello there, I'm Sandy Alnok, and today I want to talk about drawing pumpkins in perspective. And even if you're not interested in drawing pumpkins, I have a little something for those who don't want to draw them at the end of the video, so stick around. I think you're going to learn something either way. I went to Trader Joe's recently, and I wanted to get some pumpkins. And I wanted some real pumpkins, of course, not ceramic pumpkins or anything. And I found these cool ones. Aren't they fun? I love the colors in them, that they're just so different, their sizes and shapes, even that big Cinderella in the back. But I want you to look at these from different angles. When I lower the camera down, the pumpkins seem to get flatter, and you see less of the top of them. And when I raise the camera up, the pumpkins start to get rounder, and you see more of the top end of it. And that is because of perspective. And I know that you're used to thinking of perspective and cubes and cones and that kind of thing, but it works on pumpkins, too. I want to talk a little bit about the equator of a shape like a pumpkin, but I didn't want to slice one of my pretty pumpkins. So I sliced an orange instead, so I could eat it later. And I've cut it in half, so it has basically an equator going all the way around it, just like a pumpkin would. And that is going to be important later on. I wanted to talk about it here. Depending on the angle you're looking at it, this might be really flat, and it might be really round for the same reasons that the shape of the pumpkin changes. When you're looking at it horizontally, you're looking at a pumpkin from the side, or an orange, the equator is flat, and it becomes an ellipse. And then eventually, as you get an overhead view, it becomes a circle, or roughly a circle. Pumpkins aren't perfect. But you get the idea. The inside changes as well as the outside shape. But we're going to start by drawing boxes in perspective, because that's what most people think of.  And this is an exercise I find kind of fun, is just drawing piles and piles of boxes off of one set of vanishing points. The vanishing points are the points on the horizon line, on the left and right, where everything lines up to when you're drawing something in perspective. This box that I'm drawing, the front end of it, was all completely below the horizon line. So this has the view of looking at it from either a taller building than this one is, or from a drone up in the sky. But if the horizon line moves to somewhere in the middle of the object, the building, or whatever, then you don't see any of the top. You do see a little bit of the top on that first one that I drew, but this one, you see none of the top. All you see is a V shape at the top and a V shape at the bottom. That's it. You just see two sides. So depending on where you are in the horizon, if you're looking at it from low down or looking at it from high up, the shape changes. Now, if you have your face pressed against the street, I don't recommend doing that. But if your eyeballs are right at horizon level, you're at the bottom looking up at a building, then you're going to see in the distance a building where you just have a point on the top, but the ground, it's all going to look flat because of everything pointing to those points out in the distance. The other two have a V shape for that bottom of them, but that one at the horizon line doesn't. If you have something that's way, way below the horizon line, you're looking at it from high up. You're definitely up in an airplane or helicopter looking at that building. The top of the building is going to show more. Remember when I panned up and over the pumpkins, this is the same idea. As you start to move higher and higher above an object, you could keep going down this page and drawing more and more boxes to see how much more of the top shows up when you start drawing the box itself. Now that we have four boxes in place, I'm just going to do this with four. We're going to put pumpkins in the boxes because that's the easiest way to kind of think about them when we're looking at perspective. It's a round-ish object. I'm going to make them the shapes of these rectangles, even though they're not really totally pumpkin-shaped. I guess they are in some breeds of pumpkin, and you draw the oval inside of it. Think about that ellipse, that equator that's going to be in the center. If it's exactly at horizon level, remember it's going to be flat, otherwise it's going to be tilted a little bit, and the bottom of the eyes are going to line up with whatever that angle is. Here I've erased the face that I put in facing forward. When you're making a face facing a different direction, then you need to also take all this perspective into account because on that backside, that back left, everything's going to shrink a little bit, and all of those lines are still going to point out to that vanishing point. On this second one, it's going to be a bit of a taller, skinnier kind of pumpkin, and since we see a little bit more of the top of the box, then we're going to see more of the ellipse. These are not perfect measurements, don't stress out about that. I'm just kind of putting some general ovals in there to remind myself of what that width of the pumpkin really is. When you're looking at the one that's at ground level, so if you've got, you're sitting there with your nose at the edge of a table, and your pumpkin is sitting on top of the table, you're not going to see the top of the pumpkin. You're going to see the pumpkin from down below, and here the oval is going to be around the middle, it's going to be that equator, but it's going to go the other direction. The front side is now the top because you're looking at it from the underside, and that's where the mouth will go. The bottoms of the eyes line up with that kind of a curve, and now let's look at this one down in the front. Here's where you can really put that stem in, and one of the things I find that people struggle with is putting more of the pumpkin behind the stem. You can see why that happens, because the stem is in the center of the box. But the pumpkin fills out the whole box all the way around the back, so you need to have more pumpkin in the back there. Don't just stop it at the stem, unless your view of it is at eye level. If you're looking at it from above, it needs to be down inside more. And here the equator around the pumpkin is really big and wide, because you can see a whole lot of the top of the box. This is the moment I realized I was using a water-soluble pencil. Yes, they make water-soluble graphite, so I did decide I would use a little water on this. Now the meat of a pumpkin, which is the thick rind, that is also in perspective. There are times, and depending on how thick the pumpkin is and exactly how you're looking at it, where you may see both the right side of the right eye and the left side of the left eye.  So depending on what angle exactly you're at, the amount of rind will differ based on different kinds of angles of pumpkin. But we're going to talk about a couple different ones, and I'll show you how that plays out. But I also want to say something about coloring in the eyes. If your pumpkin is lit, I have seen so many people do what's supposed to be a pumpkin on a porch, and they darken the eyes instead of making them white. They should be white or light because the candle is inside. But I am drawing these as though it is daytime and inside is dark. So if you're drawing a pumpkin that's in the daytime, the inside does get dark. Now this guy is facing to the left, which means the rind can be seen on the left of the eyes and the left of the mouth, because that's the angle that you're seeing it at, and that rind is going to look thicker over there. For the one on the right that I'm drawing, you're looking down at him from above. So the areas you're going to see the rind is going to be at the bottom of the facial features instead of on the sides, because you're looking down at it. It's a great time to really study pumpkins, like carve your pumpkin and then just sit and sketch it in a whole bunch of different directions. The ribs are in perspective too, and the ribs are those sections, the section dividers. Now some pumpkins have very prominent ones. Some are less prominent, but all of them are going to do this where the center ones are going to be wider, and the ones on the outside, since they wrap around the side of the pumpkin, are going to be closer together. And then no matter what direction the face is carved, no matter what direction it's facing, still the center of the pumpkin is always going to have bigger sections. Why is this? Because that's the section that's closest to you, things that are closer to you, get bigger, things that are further away, get closer together and smaller. And that's just how it's going to play out for all of your pumpkins. Now, if you don't want to draw pumpkins, I do have something that I have done for you. I sat around and drew pumpkins. I have not wanted to chop into my pumpkins, because I think they're special. I think they need names. And I don't really want to stick a knife into them. So I did so with my pen instead. So I drew them at different angles in different ways, worked out the ellipses around the equator so I could put the mouths and the eyes and everything in there with the meat or the rind showing at the right thickness. And then I picked out the best five. Some of them are multiple pumpkin images. Some of them are single pumpkin images. And I've created a pumpkin patch printable set. That set includes a bunch of things. There's a PDF that has a bunch of things in it. One is these two pictures to inspire you to make scenes. One is a scene from the Copic Autumn Scenes class. The other is from the Colored Pencil Autumn Scenes class. Both of which are on sale. Just put them on sale for you. The tiny tutorial that I just posted this week on both Facebook and Instagram has all kinds of different pumpkin colors in it. So the Copic colors are in there. Sorry, I don't have any other colors for other mediums. But some of you have been asking for a printable version of that. So here it is. And then there's two pages that have all of the digital images in them that are just side by side. So you can see the non-face one and the face one. There's a version of each one. And you can just print that out and color them. Or you also get a zip file with all of the PNG files separately. So you can use them individually. You can scale them up. Well, don't scale them up too big because it's sharpie. So it's not going to be super clear if you make them big enough for your wall or anything like that.  But I strongly recommend you try drawing some pumpkins the way I did in this video. Draw some boxes, put some pumpkins in it, or get some real pumpkins and just look carefully at them and start to observe what their shapes are and how they look and draw them from what you see in real life. Right. That's it for me. I will see you on Friday with a little bit more on perspective. So stay tuned.


This is going to be an interesting video.  I'm probably going to drive a wedge between me and some people. But I've actually been sitting on this message for a couple days now. And I've been kind of talking myself out of making the message. And then the more I talk to more Canadians and the more I watch the news and how people are handling this, the more I just can't hold it in anymore. I want to get this message out and I just want to, before I get this message out, I want to say something. This might sound like I'm attacking a certain group of people. And it's not meant to sound like that. I want to say something very specific right now. I understand your frustration. I understand your boredom. I understand you being so mad that you can't go on a vacation that you had planned, that you can't go to a theme park in April or beginning of May. Trust me, I understand. I'm royally, royally bored. I'm trying everything for any of our fans or any of our followers. We have our Discord. We're in there almost like 14 hours a day now playing video games together. Just trying to occupy anyone. Our DMs are open on Instagram for anyone that needs to vent or talk. I've had people literally attack me for spreading the message that theme parks aren't going to open.  I listen to them. I try to understand everyone's side of the story. And then it ends up being a really great conversation. That's how things should be handled right now. Things are just tough. It's going to be boring. Unfortunately, I didn't create this virus. Your government didn't create this virus. This is just a way of life. When things go wrong, you work together as humanity to fix it. And that is what's needed right now. And unfortunately, it looks like there are some places and some people. Again, I'll use the word some in America that are choosing to blatantly ignore the CDC and local businesses and their neighbors requests to help end this sooner. In Canada, we have locked down everything. We're very bored here. In fact, my main job I've lost about 80% of my income from that pretty much temporarily laid off and resorting to just YouTube income and a little bit of Uber income. So I get it. I trust me. I understand this. And I also understand that, you know, life is going to be boring for the next two to three months. And there's not much to do. But you need to social distance yourself. It's extremely important. America is showing signs of a huge spike. And that spike is going to continue to grow unless you guys do what other people around the world are doing. China didn't get its curve from going to the beach. China didn't get its curve from going to Disney World. China didn't get its curve from going to parties. China got its curve from locking down for a month plus, not leaving unless you needed groceries, staying in your house, cleaning and putting the proper attention to this matter that it deserves. There is a generation in America that is blatantly ignoring this and that they think they're immune to the possibility of the I'm trying to figure out how to word this without saying the word. But they think they're immune to what's going on in the world right now and they're going to places like a small theme park in Florida. And this video is definitely inspired by this small theme park in Florida and it shouldn't be open. No business that attracts over I'm going to use. I'll even be a little more easy and say 30 plus 40 plus 50 plus people. You should not be open.  You are giving people who are extremely bored who want something to do that kind of desire. It's almost like even the apple. You're giving them that desire to go do something because they're so bored.  Social distancing is needed and your numbers are going to continue to climb unless you follow the example of other countries. Canada is handling this extremely well and I am biased. I'm Canadian. I get that. But both sides of the political spectrum in Canada are handling this really well. The Conservatives and the Liberals are Prime Minister and our Ontario Premier. A Conservative and a Liberal on different ends of the spectrum who disagree on everything. Are both coming together and handling this extremely well. I couldn't be more proud of both. Trust me and I don't like either one of them. But I couldn't be more proud of both. I feel safe. I trust them. Everything is going well. We've locked down our restaurants, bars, theme parks. Everything is locked down. Casino schools. Long before other countries like the UK even. The UK just announced today that they're locking down restaurants and bars. They have way more cases than we do. Unfortunately, you make sacrifices and you get positivity out of it. Canada is doing well. And I honestly, I wouldn't even be shocked if Canada's Wonderland is the first major theme park in North America to open up. I wouldn't be shocked. I'm honestly, I'm going to make a separate video in a week. I'm giving time to hear through my personal grapevine of sources what's going on. But I have a feeling Canada's Wonderland is going to be the first major theme park in North America to open up. And it's because of how this country is handling it and coming together. And our border will probably remain closed until America can get its act together. Because boy, you guys have a lot to learn. And honestly, this isn't directed at all of America because I understand that probably 90% of you guys in America are handling this the right way.  I've seen people in the roller coaster community even going out for walks exploring their cities by hiking and stuff like that. And that's inspirational. That's awesome. You should all be doing that. Like I know that Craig and I, we went and picked up trash. We want hiking. We flew the drone for nature. We're filming some nature videos. You make changes.  Only like 400 people viewed that video we made about nature. But it's just something we're going to do for the next like two to three months. Well, this all happens. It's a compromise that we have to make. Okay. Everyone's going through it. We're all in this together. And if you need any advice, please, or if you even want to vent to me, my DMs on amusement insiders on Instagram are open. If you really want to yell at me and take your angered on me, I'll be there to listen and I'll, I'll present what I know as facts and we'll have a discussion. And if you still disagree with me or you don't like what I have to say, that's totally okay. I'm not going to block you unless you use, unless you're attacking me in like a verbal, verbal way, but feel free to message me and express your frustration. Or if you need help, reach out. If you're emailing me, I may not have access to like, we've been receiving a lot of emails due to the Olympics that we're holding the coaster community Olympics. So it might have gotten lost or it might be in junk mail.   Anything anyone sends me, especially if it's extremely important, I will not share with anyone else. I want to be there for everyone that I can. I'll give you resources if you need resources, like numbers to call or anything. But yeah, everything's going to be okay. This isn't permanent. It's not permanent. Everything will go back to normal theme parks will open again. But in order for that to happen, you have to do your part. And right now there are people not doing their part. And we need to smarten up and we need to work together and we need to start calling up some of these people that aren't doing their part, do it in their DMs. You don't need to do it publicly. Message someone that you think isn't doing their part and try and convince them to do their part. And no, these numbers are no joke on the screen right now. Yeah, for the population, they're not that significant. But if you look at the graphs, they're growing. They're spiking. And the more people that get it, the faster it spreads. Unless you stay home. If you're going grocery shopping, wash your hands. Be very weary of people who are coughing or sneezing near you. Wash your hands, hand sanitize. Don't bring that stuff home. If you have older people in your family, keep social distance from them. Protect them as well. Anyways, this video wasn't meant to be like a negative video. I wanted to express a thought of mine. It's been really irritating me. And if I could get this message out or even help one person who disagreed with this, I'll be happy. I hope you enjoyed this video. Share this to other people to get this message out, I guess. And yeah, stay tuned for more content soon. Have a good one, guys. Stay safe and clean. Bye.


My research is about estimating the number of deaths of children who die before age five in Kenya over time and the reasons behind these deaths that we observe in each one of our districts, in Kenya we call them counties, those are our sub-national areas. The number of kids who are dying before age five in Kenya is quite high. We have not achieved any of our internationally set goals over time, that's at the national level, so we need to do more to understand why we have this high number of deaths before age five so that we can reduce them and we can achieve the internationally set goals by the international community. I have a whole set of about 30 possible causes of these deaths that would involve like immunization, antenatal care attendance, it would be skilled by the attendance, whether a kid was delivered in a hospital, the nutrition status, you might be underweight, you might be stunted, such reasons are the things that I'm looking at if they would be the drivers of this and I'm expecting that some say Maria risk might contribute more than nutrition status, that is what I want to find out so that we know where to prioritize more going forward. These experience of research quite means several things to me, it has changed how I look at things analytically, anything that I meet across my way, I want to ask why is it that way, why is it not this way, it has given me a different way of looking at things, it has come out naturally and also I'm inspired to get to that level where I can be able to give back to the society, use what I've learnt over time to pass to the other generation coming after us. What I'd like to achieve rather than being called a doctor, it will be my hope that this work will be used within Kenyan governance structure to be able to lower under 5 mortality. We use this data for decision making rather than presumed decision, use evidence to make decision that will guide mortality to go low, these might mean changing policies, putting other new policies, prioritizing new things, these will be very fulfilling to me if I live to see this being done out of this research in Kenya.


Ac oedd ydym yn ymwyl i'r ysgolion yma i'w gael pwlau y gallwn ymddangos o'r ymddangos o'r eich gweld ffordd. Nid yw'r ffordd yn ymddangos i mi, oedd y gallwn ymddangos yn ymddangos i chi, ond mae ymddangos i chi? Ymddangos ymddangos i'w gael y rhai gweld ffordd. Mae'r ffordd yw'r ymddangos i'n ffaforol yn y pwbl, yn ymddangos i'r prysau a'r pwbl, ac mae'r ffordd yw'r ymddangos i'w cerdd Sd01. We will talk about the technology that is packed into this SD01 very, very shortly and see why this has changed. Why is this a third iteration and what makes it better than version 1 and version 2. But I don't care what technology says, I don't really care what data says. I like to see how a golf ball performs out on the golf course. One of the key elements for me is the short game. So we will look at Driver, we will look at Ions, but the short game is going to be key to me as to how much I rate this SD01 ball. Felly doe'r gwleidio i'r ddod o'r ddod i'r ddod i'r grŵn. Roeddwn i'n gweithio y ddod i ddod y gwych, a dyna'n gyfwmpio gweld i Llyfrgell, ond gallai'n ddod yng nghymru i'r ddod i'r gŵn. Roeddwn i'n ddod i'n ddod i'r gwych i'r gŵn, a rwy'n gweithio ei ddod i'r gwych hwn. Roeddwn i'r gwych oedd, bo'r gwych eich gwych, roeddwn i'n gwych i'r gwych o'r gwych. 95 ydyn ni wedi cyfnod 56, ac mae'n ddiddordeb yn gweld amddangos. Ond rwy'n gweithio os ymwneud ceisio'r bobl yn gyfnod â'r bobl, ac mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gyfnod yn cael llwy fath o'r grein. Wedi'n gwneud, oherwydd eich bod yn gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Rydych chi'n gweld yn ddyn i gyd. That'sita... right down the pin... ...really pleased with that. I think judging by where that's pitched and where it starts, we've got about a foot or so, a grab, really like what it did, that descent angle was always going to be coming down very, very steep indeed. Selt good off the forge wedge. I'm going to try another one from the same distance because this golfo is too, my made up golfo, is too interesting to walk away from just yet. Hang on there, I'll get another ball. Dyna'r ddweud y 3 ymddangos gyda'r SD01 ydw i'r gwahau, yw'r cyfeirio'r cyfnodd yn cael cyfnodd, yw'r cyfnodd 3 ymddangos casteriurethane. Eiffanol ychydig, cyfle, gyfo'r gwrth, ychydig, yn cael ei gydag, dewpont, hpf 2000 ymlaen, yn gwybodaeth hynny, cyfnodd casteriurethane, ac mae'r ddweud 136 dimple ymdegyn nhw'n llaw'r ysgol, ac yn llaw'r llaw'r guess. Mae ydych chi'n ddod, yn fynd i gwaith ymlaen o'r cy widtha ar gyferio gwlaes gwneud wedi ymwyn i gyflwyffol, ond gwasanaeth ddeg, ddlingwch ynивon, goblwch yn ddechrau atgofono bwysig, a wnaeth dysgu'r ffordd yn gwneud ynbetweenio ar gyferwale, yn ddryg ffordd bawbwedd yn gwneud negerwyr i'r holl o, ac mae'r ffordd yn gyffrae yllysig o hynny o'r ffordd wedi cyflwyffol yn gweithio'r gwyllwchol iaith y gwyrdd o 90-110 aml. Right, let's get back on the course of Pula. Right, a ball in position for shot number two and you've just heard the sort of the technology that C-Tig suggests is within this ball and like I said we'll try and find out how it differs from those first two generations. The price point with C-Tig is always good and it's always what makes it appealing for the masses because basically I think you're getting generally a premium ball in terms of performance but at a real good value price. Right, let's quickly have another pop at this one and then we'll move on i gyd yn ychydig. Ond yn ddweud, mae'n tych ar hyn o'r llwyddi. Iet, ddim yn ddyn nhw. Felly mae'n golygu yn ymlaen, i'r gael. Rwyf. Felly mae'n golygu gennym ni'n gwybod a'r gweithio, y gallwn y gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio ymlaen. Mae'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. Ond mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. That's interesting in terms of the wedge. How does it go in terms of the short shots round the green, but then are we losing stuff in terms of the driver? So we're going to move position and find out. Right, so before we go any further I'd be interested in your feedback in terms of what I've done a number of reviews of late from a kind of £15 dozen tailor made golf ball. We've looked at the PXG golf ball back at that premium end. I've always compared up to the Soda Taelist Pro V1s. There's a real interesting mentality thing here. There tends to be a kind of like hard-core Taelist Pro V1 user that no matter what is said about other balls in terms of that premium category they just won't be told otherwise they're going to they're going to shell that £50 a dozen no matter what. And I respect that. There's nothing wrong with that at all. It's an absolute premium ball. But then there's kind of like that middle ground now where anything around the £25, £30 a dozen there is a lot of competition. And I think there's a lot of balls that perform really well within that price point. So the question is what would make you switch out of that Pro V1 and how many of you are in this price point category now that £25 to £30 and what is it you're buying? Well I would take those two shots and as you can see from the pitch marks both of them are pretty much pitched and pop back just a tad more than happy with that and from that disentangle probably what you'd be expecting. Green is a slightly softer bit of overnight rain so you know I can't take a lot from that but the control was good. I just want to see what they're like off the putter face. The one thing that I've got consistent in the bag right now is the putter so I feel I can give some genuine feedback in terms of how this plays. There's a little bit of a push in terms of the put. It's super soft in terms of the feel. Really interesting. I mean the mezz putter is soft anyway off the face and I think that's important. I mentioned that off the driver very shortly. Let's just have another little roll and gauge feel. See if we can hit a slightly better put which that was. It was a lot better put. Yeah that was interesting because off the wedge and it was a forged Mizzuno wedge felt nice and soft. Off the putter which like I said I've been using for several months now with a number of different golf balls. I can say that was I would say quite soft unexpectedly after the wedge. Right let's go back and let's see some drives that I hit from earlier on today. Today's video is brought to you in partnership with Shervo the premium Italian golf wear and sports wear brand. By using some of the most innovative fabrics Shervo produced clothing that is both stylish and incredibly comfortable to wear. Both on and off the golf course. For more information visit the Shervo website and I will of course provide a link in the description of this video. Right let's get back to the golf.  It's a really interesting one for me this because people judge and buy maybe golf balls based on driver performance but I just find that really difficult. I've never seen a ball do greatly different in terms of data that I've collected on Trackman. Honestly it's always been the club head that has had the most significant impact on what the ball has done in terms of its spin performance at least. So it's a weird one for me but we'll give it a whack. I've got the new Stritson ZX5 Mark II driver that I'm testing at the same time. Let's see what it does. I'm viewing this driver at the same time as I'm completing this element of the review of the golf ball and what I've just said about the driver is it seems a little bit hard off the face. So this is a difficult one for me to quantify in terms of how that ball feels because I've never used any other golf ball on this club face.  And that again goes back to that ability to quantify. Based on the feeling from the wedges that I've hit in so far, on those couple of ports, I'd say it's more about the face of the driver than it is about the feel off the golf ball. All the golf balls did very well indeed, but like I said I would never buy a golf ball based on its performance with this thing in hand. So I'll switch up to something that would give me good reason to buy a golf ball and that's that short game. Right, it's really interesting position for me that is key to this decision making process in buying a golf ball. Typical kind of place where I want to get control over the golf ball and I want to see what it does in terms of when it lands on the green camera up on top. It's actually not an easy shot because as you can see there's a bit of a rise before we get to the green itself. I'll see what that does now. That's interesting because we're pitching on to a bit of a downslope. That's never going to spin back.  I've just reviewed these wedges which are Mizzuno, they're forged so they feel really good anyway. Again how much of that is about the ball, how much of it is about the wedge itself. Either way really like what that did. Now let's see what that does. That should just carry. Again such a difficult shot on that downslope. It feels so good and it feels like it's sort of grabbing in there. We've got that camera, I'm not too sure what it's going to show. If it just shows that little bit of a check on that downslope then that's done incredibly well. But so far when I've gone into the wedges the feel has been superb and I'm liking the way that comes off the clubface and what it looks like it's reacted on greens. Right, so let's see if we can play. It's not a short iron but what I want to see is how this ball if we can get on to that green how does it react. Not a lot of room to work with in terms of this pin. That's a real Chris Strike felt superb off the club. This could be really good if that distance is right. Oh wow, that is really good now again. We've got camera on green so you'll know better than me what that seems to do is very much pitch and a little bit of grab. It's almost like a three-quarter swing as well so you're not going to get anything zipping back with that kind of swing. It was a nine iron by the way and really good and goes back to the feel. I'm back in my PXT irons again so I'm more familiar with what I'm expecting in terms of that feel. Feel was good but it was a little bit of Christmas and hopefully although the audio's microphone is picked up on my chest hopefully you picked that up because it sounded superb and you just knew from the strike that you were going to get that little bit of grab. I like that but more importantly I like that shot. I've just had a quick look at that pitch mark in terms of the iron that I played in and it looks like a little bit of zip back but like I said more importantly just that control element is really good. There's a number of shots that I've played in and around the golf course here today at Pula which you'll see again in terms of performance. The kind of clubs I had at the Mizuno wedges. I've got a Cleveland CBX full-face two wedge out here today as well. Across the board the ball did what I expected it to do to be quite honest with you. Seed make in my opinion really high performing golf balls are realistic price points. That sounds like an advert and very much have had a long association with seed and I'm very positive towards them so a lot of you out there struggle to comprehend their review when it's done from someone like me who like I said is favourable towards seed and I understand that. So take it from what you will but if you do consider I reviewed a £15 8 dozen 10mm ball recently a high end PXG ball recently. All my reviews are very much independent and it remains the same when I pass my opinion on a seed golf ball and what I will say is the SD01 is a super performing golf ball at a real good price point and I think that it really should be in the mix when you consider what you want from a golf ball. If you're looking for a premium golf ball and you're prepared to pay because I still think that sort of £25 a dozen is still on the expensive end maybe I'm a little bit tight but I don't like seeing £2 fly into the outer bounds or into the trees and leave my pocket quite that easily but I would be prepared to go to this kind of price point for that kind of performance and I think it's far outweighs where it's pitched in terms of price. That's what you don't take from it what you will. What I will say is if you'd like to see dry ball data and some more in depth analysis in terms of track man then I'm quite willing to do it. By all means stick that in the comments section below and maybe I'm going to do a more sort of broader head-to-head in terms of the leading brands of golf balls out there and see where it all ends up. That might be an interesting review and video for me to take a part in at some stage. Right, the sun is going down. It's the end of another day here at the pool of golf resorts. It's been superb for club testing, product testing, in this case ball testing. Right, thanks as ever for watching. I'll see you all tomorrow night.


The final item of business is a member's business debate on motion 6-3-0 in the name of Alexander Burnett on improving outcomes for people with neurological conditions. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put, and I would ask those members who would wish to speak in the debate to please press the request to speak buttons. I call Alexander Burnett to open the debate around seven minutes, Mr Burnett. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer, and I thank members from across the chamber for their support in bringing this motion to debate. The motion speaks together for the one-in-six report from the Neurological Alliance of Scotland, an umbrella body of organisations, which represents people with neurological conditions. I want to thank them for their hard work and am delighted some members have joined us to be able to join us in the gallery today. The report presents findings from their recent patient experience survey, and it is the only survey of its kind exploring the views of people living with a wide range of neurological conditions and was, for the first time, residents of Scotland participated. This debate is important because there is a serious lack of funding towards care and data on neurological conditions, which can be hard to diagnose and treat. A primary recommendation is to improve data collection so that there is a greater knowledge on how many people live with each condition. I understand that the Scottish Government funded SPIA to collect such data, but I regret to note that publishing of a data has already been delayed by six months. In addition, this data only considers primary care, which is limiting and does not give an accurate picture of prevalence. The Scottish Government's newrological care and support, a national framework for action for 2020-25, plans to allocate £4.5 million to improving care for people with neurological conditions. One project is the epilepsy register, which has helped to understand prevalence and improve outcomes, for example by identifying unscheduled care and hospital admissions by people with epilepsy and targeting care to those at greatest risk of harm. This is just the start and needs to be implemented for all neurological conditions. Covid has undoubtedly caused a major disruption, but issues with care and treatment extend beyond the pandemic. According to the survey, 37 per cent of adults in Scotland wait more than 12 months from first symptoms to getting a diagnosis. Disappointingly, the Scottish Government's framework for action excludes children and young people. I would like to ask the minister to include him in focus for future projects, because we know that delays for children are worse than anywhere else in the UK. As for adults, 15 per cent haven't seen a specialist nurse for over a year, and nearly half report delays to routine appointments with neurologists. Daniel Johnson? As someone who personally experiences that care, I often find at my annual check-up that the person knows less about my condition than I do. First of all, it is more that we have that routine check-up, but there is also the knowledge and expertise there for the people with the particular neurological condition that they are seeking help and therapy for. Alexander Burnett? I thank the member for that intervention. My knowledge gap is something that I will certainly come to. I also hope that the minister will be able to address when she speaks. I have also heard from constituents such as Steve, who has sleep apnea, peripheral neuropath, autism and functional neurological disorder. He told me how to travel to Dundee to speak with neurologists and to go between private and NHS treatments due to long waiting lists and no appropriate NHS treatment pathways—again, completely unacceptable. It is clear that the lack of specialist training and recruitment is key. In Aberdeen, for example, there are just three private consultants and five NHS consultants of the ARI, yet they cover not only Grampian but also Murray, Orkney and Shetland. The Scottish Government simply has not allocated appropriate resources to cater to patients' needs. For the record, I express my disappointment that the Scottish Government's national workforce strategy for health and social care in Scotland, published in March, does not mention neurology once. There are a variety of different neurological conditions, including epilepsy, MS, cerebral palsy, MND, Parkinson's, ME and others. Those conditions are complex, can be lifelong and progressive and, in some cases, terminal. Symptoms and progression of conditions can vary, and we also do not know the implications of long Covid. I understand that 1 per cent of respondents have long Covid and have experience for same issues in their treatment and care. One child with long Covid in my constituency is having to seek private appointments in London. From the outset, patients should be given detailed information to help them to come to terms with their condition, understand what the future might look like for them and how symptoms might progress. Yet 30 per cent of adults and 38 per cent of children who responded said that they left the consulting room with no information about their condition, again simply not good enough. These patients are not getting the care and support that they need and the result is people not understanding their condition, failing to initiate treatment and a potential quickening in the progression of their disease. We need a neurological workforce that is fit for purpose. For example, there is no ME or chronic fatigue syndrome, specialist consultants in Scotland and only one specialist nurse, so care becomes the responsibility of GPs who do not receive adequate training in how to diagnose and manage the condition, the gap that the member was referring to earlier. Training for healthcare professionals is needed urgently and, as early diagnosis and proper management give patients the best chance of a long-term improvement. Funding undoubtedly plays a key role and the British Heart Foundation Solving the Puzzle report highlighted that the Scottish Government budgeted just £65.5 million in 2018 for funding clinical research, but accounting for inflation, the figure has actually fallen over the last decade by more than £13 million and, again, is much smaller compared to the rest of the UK. We can see the consequences of this, for example in Scotland the latest figures for funding for ME is just £1 per patient per year. To date, £2.2 million of the Scottish Government's framework for action funding has been awarded to 37 projects, but half remains unspent. Can I ask the minister in a response tonight to outline how she will allocate the remaining budget, and can the minister also provide insight into what happens to those projects and commit to continue funding for neurological care and research after 2025? We still do not know the exact number of people in Scotland who suffer from neurological conditions because there is no adequate data system in place, but what we do know is that the lack of research and funding into neurological conditions and treatment is having negative consequences on the care and support available to patients. There is no short-term fix and, meanwhile, the population data indicates that the prevalence of people living with neurological conditions over the long term is increasing. The five aims of a framework remain just as relevant now post-pandemic as they were in 2020, and veering off course at this stage would be a disaster and will potentially make things much worse. I remind all those members who wish to speak in the debate to ensure that the buttons are pressed. I now call Rona Mackay to be followed by Brian Whittle. I am pleased to be able to contribute to today's debate on improving outcomes for people with neurological conditions. I thank Alex and Xander Burnett for bringing it to the chamber. The brains are very complex orc and neurological conditions vary enormously. Those conditions can be caused by degenerative disease, stroke, accidents, mental ill health and, in rare cases, long Covid. The one in six report from the Neurological Alliance of Scotland is interesting and extremely informative and I thank them for their briefing. The alliance says that an estimated 1 million people in Scotland live with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, dementia and epilepsy. Of course, all those conditions are life-changing. The report explores the experiences of people with neurological conditions in Scotland gathering data on a wide range of topics, including the impact of Covid, diagnosis and treatment, experience of hospital care, support for mental wellbeing, access to social care and welfare, education and employment. However, they also highlight issues such as a lack of staff, referenced by Alex and Xander Burnett, and services needed to fully support people with neurological conditions, leading to delays in diagnosis, treatment and routine appointments, as well as difficulties in accessing mental wellbeing support. Of course none of those things are good and the Scottish Government is very aware of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. The Neurological Care and Support Framework for Action 2020-2025 was launched in December 2019 with £4.5 million worth of funding over five years to deliver its commitments. It contains five overarching aims to support improvements that span health and social care. They are to ensure that people and their carers and partners in their care are given support to improve the provision of co-ordinated health and social care and support for people with neurological conditions, to ensure that high standards of effective person-centred and safe care and support, to ensure equitable and timely access to care and support across Scotland and, crucially, to build a sustainable neurological workforce for the future. 19 projects supporting people with neurological conditions are to benefit from Scottish Government backing. The five-year support action plan includes projects that have harnished new techniques and technology and continued research into those conditions, which is already producing encouraging results for changing the way we approach the care of neurological conditions. The 2022-23 award will continue to support earlier projects as well as invest in new schemes such as the Migraine Trust and Epilepsy Scotland among others. The neurological action plan provides a clear vision for those affected to be able to access the care and support that they need to live well on their own terms catered to their own individual needs. However, like all areas of healthcare, the Covid pandemic has had an unprecedented and massive effect on the delivery of this framework. However, the Scottish Government is committed to implementing it all or part of the framework as soon as it possibly can and is determined to meet its objectives by 2025. In my view—I agree with Alexander Burnett—children and young people must be a priority and I look forward to the minister's response on that. People must be able to access the care, support and information that they need that also enables them to understand their condition following diagnosis and signpost them to relevant resources for their changing requirements. In Scotland, we are proud of fostering a society that treats all our people with kindness, dignity, respect and compassion. I am pleased that that is embedded in the framework. I thank my esteemed colleague Alexander Burnett for bringing this debate forward and allowing us once again to shine a light on the need for more government focus on neurological conditions, of which perhaps I need to get checked after that one. In our roles as MSPs, we get exposed to many issues that perhaps we have not considered before and we have had opportunities to learn more on such a diverse range of topics. In the neurological field that I got interested in many of those topics when I was a member of the Petitions Committee, as we considered those related petitions, I even launched the National Care Framework for Huntington's Disease at Holyrood reception back in 2017. I note that during a Westminster debate on this subject, Hilary Ben noted that there had been a striking unity of purpose and resolve both for Scottish and UK parliaments. Many of us will have spoken in member's debates in this chamber on many such topics from MS to MND. We do so because we recognise the importance of bringing those conditions into the light as we seek investment in delivering treatments and even cures. However, it is only when it hits closer to home that it becomes real. A few years ago, I was due to speak in a motor neuron disease debate when I heard from a good friend of mine, Derek Stark, that that very day another friend of mine, Dodi Weir, had been diagnosed with the condition. It was made all the roar because I was expected to see him at that weekend at a charity golf day. Those of those who know him well will know him as a larger-than-life character, a former international rugby player and just a magnificent storyteller. He was down to speak at that event. I discovered that, at that time, he was on the other side of the world with his family to watch the Lions play in New Zealand while he still had the capability of creating memories with his family. As I said, he becomes all too real. He was given probably 18 months to live. However, in true Dodi style, he has tackled his conditions the way he tackled life head-on. I have not seen him for quite a while because of Covid. The last time was at an event for MND where he was still walking and talking and taking the mickey out of all of us. It was great to see him on Saturday on the pitch at Murrayfield. I just made me realise that it has been a while. He was very frustrated early on in his diagnosis of the slow progress in the development of a treatment for MND and the related conditions and decided to form my name story foundation to try to help fund that research for a cure, knowing that it would come too late for him. I think that that is quite remarkable. His foundation has raised a significant symfan figure, some today, all of which will go to help delivering a cure and support for MND. His journey along with other sporting sufferers like Rob Burrars and the way in which the sporting world has galvanised around the cause is such an inspiration. Alexander Burnett has highlighted it together for one in six reports from the neurological alliance of Scotland. It highlights the significant work that needs to be done by Governments, including the Scottish Government, in matching the drive and ambition of Dodi and his friends. Progress is far too slow. Not because of a lack of know-how but a lack of funding of research and it is a drag on potential breakthroughs. Diagnosis is too slow as is access to treatment, so important in these life limiting conditions. There has been a call for a number of years to ensure that GPs and other medical staff are given the knowledge and the need to both recognise the symptoms and treat them as soon as possible. Surely it is time that that was acted upon. There is a huge mental health component to a diagnosis from neurological conditions and we know how stretched mental health services are at the moment. However, with these kind of life-shortening diagnoses, one would hope that mental health services are readily available. The report, unfortunately, says otherwise. In conclusion, Deputy Presiding Officer, in the words of Dodi, he said, my attitude is you should do what you can today and worry about tomorrow when it comes. This is the card that I have been dealt, so I shall just crack on. It is time that the Scottish Government and other Governments cracked on, too. He and his likes are truly inspirational. Sporting communities have rallied round and done immeasurable work to highlight these issues. Will the Scottish Government accept that same challenge? We should all refer to the last member who spoke as Bob Whittle in future. Let me congratulate Alexander Burnett on securing this important debate on improving outcomes for people with neurological conditions. I would also like to congratulate the Neurological Alliance of Scotland on the publication of their Together for the 1 in 6 report, because it is an important piece of work that marks the first time that fieldwork in this area has extended beyond England to form a UK-wide survey, giving us that important picture across the country. Neurological conditions, as we have heard, are those that affect the brain, spine or nerves, and as the name of the report suggests, one in six people in the UK suffer with one of those conditions. We suspect that that is vastly underestimated, but living with a neurological condition can be difficult, can be debilitating, and over 80 per cent of adults and 95 per cent of children consulted in the report say that their condition negatively impacts upon their mental health. However, the Scottish Government's approach to supporting people living with a neurological condition is patchy at best. I hope that the minister will acknowledge that there is considerable room for improvement. We have heard in passion, please, outside and inside this Parliament for better support from people suffering with ME, with long Covid, MS and Parkinson's, among many others. My motion from last year on the need for specialist huntingtons disease services received the support of 99 MSPs, but action has nevertheless been slow. I would welcome the minister outlining how she will ensure that every area of Scotland finally has the specialist huntingtons care and support that is required. That was promised by the Scottish Government that it backed the national care framework for huntingtons disease, and yet those areas were the greatest need for support. NHS Borders, no HD specialists, NHS Fourth Valley, no community-based HD specialists, and NHS Tayside, with no formalised HD clinical lead, are still suffering from a lack of provision. Turning back to the 1 in 6 report, it outlined that whilst the pandemic has undoubtedly played a part in worsening the outlook for people with neurological conditions, the challenges were around long before Covid-19 first appeared on the horizon. There is no doubt equally that the cost of living crisis will exacerbate the challenges because it disproportionately affects people with neurological conditions. However, we have already heard that data, workforce, mental health support, access to early diagnosis and services are of key importance. The statistics are bleak, and as Alexander Burnett said, 50 per cent of adults experience delays in accessing routine appointments with their specialist nurse. 30 per cent adults and 38 per cent children left the consulting room with no information about their condition and no idea where to go for further support. 69 per cent of patients are not able to access specialist support when they needed it, and we do not have up-to-date accurate figures for how many people suffer from neurological conditions. If it is important, then let us count it, because that is how we need data to plan services. Campaigners have been fighting for action on this for long before our debate this evening, but the sense of urgency has never been greater. It is not good enough to leave people bearing the weight of those conditions without access to services and support. Up and down the country, those with a neurological condition feel ignored. They want and deserve to see action from this Government, and, at the very least, spend the money in the budget that I believe Alexander Burnett has highlighted as being underspent. That is where the recommendations from the 1 in 6 report come in. Those are all actions that the Scottish Government can take and can do so now. The Neurological Alliance of Scotland has done the heavy lifting for you. It has spelled out what is needed and it is now up to the Government to act. I hope that the minister will commit to seeing those actions through for all those who live with a neurological condition and for those who might one day receive such a diagnosis. I now call Rhoda Grant, who is joining us remotely, to be followed by Daniel Johnson, who will be the last speaker before I ask the minister to respond. I thank Alexander Burnett for bringing this debate to the chamber. The Together for 1 in 6 report from the Neurological Alliance of Scotland has highlighted a number of worrying issues. I want to draw on two worrying examples from my constituency to give a bit of context. The first is that of essential tremor. I have raised the issue of magnetic resonance, guided focused ultrasound, and that can be the last time I say it in the debate, to be made available on the NHS in Scotland for essential tremor patients. An issue raised by my constituent, Mary Ramsey, in her petition in the Parliament, we have the equipment and the skills available in Scotland and yet we are referring and paying for patients to be treated south of the border because MRG-FUS is available on the NHS in England. Despite the long waiting lists that we have in Scotland for deep brain stimulation, the Scottish Government refused to support the roll-out of this less invasive and considerably less expensive procedure on the NHS, which is actually available here and indeed. I hope that the cabinet secretary will meet those who deliver MRG-FUS treatment at the drop-in event in the Parliament next March. I also wish to turn to the provision of MS specialist nursing. Clinical standards were launched in 2009 to set out the level of care for people with MS that people with MS should expect. The MS Society in Scotland estimate around 15,750 people in Scotland are actually living with MS and the prevalence of those living with MS in the western isles is among the highest in the world. In 2011, I brought the issue of an MS specialist nurse for the western isles to this chamber and subsequently an MS specialist nurse post was created in the western isles in line with every mainland health board in Scotland. However, NHS western isles have chosen to cut their specialist MS nurse post along with their specialist epilepsy nurse and replace them with a more generalist advanced neurological nurse. That was done without consultation with local people or national stakeholders, including the MS Society, who had initially provided pump-prime funding for the post. The case load for that one generalist advanced neurological nurse has increased profoundly. That generalist nurse right now is estimated to support 1,000 patients. The recommended case load for one nurse treating just MS patients is around 315. That is with additional support that is not available in the western isles. Even under the western isles proposal to have two full-time general neurological nurses, the case load is still far too high. I am concerned that this decision made without consultation with patients will be copied throughout Scotland, placing standards of care and accessibility to treatment at risk. Let me be clear that the decision is one that does not save money, it rather increases the cost and burden on the NHS. In a cost of living crisis, surely we should be supporting more localised delivery of specialist services. MS specialist nurses play a vital role in helping those who live with MS access important rehabilitation treatment and disease modifying therapies shown to reduce the progression of their MS. Removing and reducing access to that vital care is put in patients at risk. The GEMSS MS specialist nurse evaluation project suggests that each MS specialist nurse saved on average £77,400 per year. Government must live up to its promises and must ensure that MS nurses' new posts are retained and I ask them to do so. Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer. I thank Alexander Burnett for bringing this important matter to the chamber. It gives a great pleasure to follow on from him and others in this debate. Given his work that he carries out through the CPG in autism, indeed I am pleased to be the vice-chair of that. I just direct members to my register of interest in that I am the vice-chair of the ADHD Foundation. I apologise if I stray into things that are very much neurological conditions. I very much come from a perspective and knowledge of neurodevelopmental disorders. Given that neurological conditions encompass such a broad range of conditions, ranging from epilepsy to autism, motor neurone disease to cerebral palsy, encompassing things that are lifelong conditions to those that are sudden onset, those that are chronic but stable to those that are degenerative and, indeed, ultimately fatal, we are talking about a very broad range of conditions, a broad range of understandings, a broad range of needs, requirements and help and assistance that people need. It strikes me that the point that the member made in his introduction is therefore a vital one. We are talking about a broad range of different conditions, a broad range of needs. Therefore, we must have data. If you do not have data, then you cannot ensure that you are addressing those conditions properly, providing those services, but it is not just actually the act of capturing that data in itself. That act of capturing that data and our screening can help the individuals as well. This is something that is well known and has been long called for, is that we frequently miss those opportunities to identify those individuals at the point that they come into contact with public services. We must capture the data both in terms of public policy but also to help individuals. I would also just point out that when it comes to those facts, there is a real cost of not understanding those things. Certainly, the conditions that I know most about, if you look at the criminal justice system, I think that you see profound public policy failure. Around 25 per cent of the prison population are estimated to have ADHD compared to 5 per cent of the general population, 50 per cent of the prison population dyslexic compared to 15 per cent of the general population. Autism is about three times overrepresented and 60 per cent of the prison population have a traumatic brain injury. That is shocking. It is a sign of public policy failure. I would say that it is a sign of injustice, and I think that it is something that we need to correct. Unless we understand the problem and collect the data, we will never be able to do that. I would just ask the minister, in her remarks, whether there is an opportunity for those conditions to be included or at least thought about when the Government brings forward its recommendations for commissioner on autism, learning disability and neurodiversity. If not, it needs to be given some thought and consideration. It is not just about ensuring that there are services and treatment for people, but it is also about having wider public policy. We are talking about conditions that are very often invisible disabilities. Therefore, it is not just about treatment but about having wider public policy to maximise accessibility and ensure that people can lead a normal day-to-day life. Finally, I would like to echo and reinforce the points around access to diagnosis. The survey work is welcome, but I think that it grossly underestimates the severity of the problem. My case work is full of people who are not just struggling to get a diagnosis or assessment within 12 months, but who are struggling to get it within two or even three years. That is just an appalling failure. You cannot help people until they actually get the diagnosis that they need. They understand their condition. The waiting times that people are currently experiencing are, frankly, unacceptable. I would be very grateful to understand from the minister what is being done to improve waiting times for assessment. Apologies for that. That is a rookie error. Presiding Officer, I am absolutely delighted to be able to respond to this important motion on behalf of the Government this afternoon. As we continue to reform the delivery of health and social care in Scotland, I have been really keen to hear first hand about the experiences and the priorities of the neurological community. That is why we funded the neurological Alliance of Scotland to facilitate a patient experience survey in Scotland. We actively supported the Alliance to produce it together for the 1 and 6 report. I discussed its findings with the Epilepsy and MS cross-party group in June. We want to know about people's experiences. We want to know where the gaps are. We want to improve services. We want to understand the experiences of those access and care in Scotland so that we can work in partnership to identify good practice and to drive up standards. The time frame for the report encompasses the most severe pressure that our NHS has ever seen. We know that people have faced delays to diagnosis and treatment. We know that further action and investment is needed to ensure that people with neurological conditions access timely diagnosis and care. We are working hard to address that through strategies such as our NHS recovery and workforce plans. That is why our NHS recovery plan is backed by more than £1 billion of funding over five years. The plan will support increased diagnostic procedures in-patient and out-patient activity to increase capacity and to address backlogs of treatment as we work towards achieving that 12-week treatment time guarantee. Through our neurological care and support framework, the Scottish Government and the Centre for Sustainable Delivery are addressing workforce issues and care pathways. Through this neurological improvement work, we are supporting NHS boards to appoint the right staff, address neurology waiting times and improve training and career pathways. Despite the disruption to health and social care services during the pandemic, we have sustained our efforts to deliver the commitments of our neurological framework. The focus and funding for the framework has been maintained and we have spent over £2.1 million over the past two years on work to improve neurological care across Scotland. The scope and reach of the work commissioned is wide and has direct impact on improving patient care and support, including patient and carer information, better integration of services, improved care pathways and workforce capacity planning. The framework was published in 2019, and the current landscape in health and social care has, of course, significantly changed because of the pandemic. The shifting infrastructure has brought new challenges and implemented aspects of this improvement work. In light of that, we are continually assessing how we prioritise and focus our efforts to best effect. Under the guidance of our National Advisory Committee on Neurological Conditions, we are prioritising those outcomes that will have the most impact. Despite those difficulties, we have demonstrated a substantial progress, and in July we published a midpoint report setting out the significant impacts that have been made to date and the on-going work to bring about lasting improvements to neurological services. My colleagues have today urged for better data collection, and I am pleased to say that a search of the spire primary care data system has been completed for neurological conditions and will publish new prevalence data for these conditions on 13 December, which will help to support future service planning. I am very grateful to Daniel Johnson's point during his speech when he said that these neurological conditions are far too overrepresented in places such as prisons. I wonder if it is part of that work. Will the Scottish Government look at the amount of money if we invest in one side of the ledger, how we take that out, and how we come out of the other side of the ledger, which would allow us to continually invest more into neurological conditions? I am certainly keen to look at how we invest money that has the greatest impact, and that impact would not simply be in terms of clinical impact. We would be looking holistically at person-centred care at the entirety of people's needs. There are challenges. Today, we are talking about neurological care. I know that there is a big overlap with neurodevelopmental conditions. I think that, largely, Daniel Johnson was talking about neurodevelopmental conditions and their over-representation of prison. How we separate those out, and how we—I was just going to say that the important thing to me is that individual patient needs are met and that we are able to treat people holistically in a person-centred way wherever they are presenting. I am grateful to the minister for giving me a—I mean a very clearly pointed to TBI, which I think certainly has neurological aspects. I think that the key point is absolutely having a holistic thing, but it is also about understanding the points at which people might come into contact with various public services, public bodies, and thinking about how we can use that as an opportunity to help them, but also capture data and understand that better. Whether that is the prison service or the health service, that is important. Does the minister agree with that point? I would absolutely agree with that point, and I think that there is a real opportunity to improve prisoners' health at the time that they are in prison, and I think that there is a real opportunity to make a lasting impact on their life while they are in prison, which will last way beyond their stay in prisons. I absolutely could not agree more. Alexander Burnett raised the issue of the workforce plan. Now, while the NHS recovery plan and the workforce plan were not conditioned specific, the aim is to effect whole system recovery and to support priorityisation and planning. I mentioned that our national advisory committee for neurological conditions is identifying priorities to strengthen the neurological workforce alongside the national workforce strategy, the remobilisation plans and the rehabilitation framework. I thank the minister for taking that intervention. As we are near the end of the debate, could I be so rude as to repeat the substance of the main question this evening, which Jackie Baillie asked and which those in the gallery have come to ask as well, is whether the minister will commit now to allocating the remaining £2.3 million by 2025? On allocating the remaining funding, we are continually assessing how we prioritise and focus our efforts under the guidance of the national advisory committee, some of whom are here in the gallery today as well. They are guiding us and prioritising the actions that will have the greatest impact for people who are living within neurological condition. Jackie Baillie, I absolutely endorse the process that she has outlined, but I think that the question was simple. Is the money still available to be spent? Yes, the money is still available to be spent. What we want to do is to spend it with the greatest impact. Let me quickly cover a couple of the other points that have been raised during this debate. I have met the Scottish Huntington's Association to discuss the points from Jackie Baillie's motion. We have since 2015 committed over half a million in funding to the Scottish Huntington's Association towards the development of the national care framework and to support the organisation's specialist support devices and initiatives to raise awareness of the condition. On patient information provision, through the neurological framework, we are funding several projects to improve the provision of good quality information to people with neurological conditions. We are also working with NHS Inform, which is a fabulous platform. It is basically our Scottish NHS on the web. We are working with consultant neurologists and third sector partners to review and to create content on neurological conditions for that website. New and updated pages have already been published for conditions such as MS, epilepsy, FND and Huntington's disease. Because I have taken a few interventions for a little bit short of time, I would like to thank everyone who has contributed stories and experiences today. I want to close by returning to the findings of Together for the 1 in 6 report. We know that data is not just data, that there are human stories and individual experiences behind those numbers, and I want to assure you that we will continue to work with the data to understand the underlying factors contributing to listening to the lived experience and developing solutions. We will continue the improvement work that we have begun through the framework, collaborating with partners across statutory and third sector to achieve better outcomes and maximise the quality of life for people with neurological conditions. Thank you Minister. That concludes the debate and I close this meeting.


Sometimes the things you need to know are buried under things that you don't need. Sometimes the people you need are hidden behind people you don't need.