money and you can do whatever. What drives you to this kid? Yeah, it could be slipping my ties on on a tropical island, you know, when surfing with naked models. Yeah, you know, some people do that. So what drives you to, I mean, obviously you work in our work. It's not white, why am I not, what's white? He even has a sense of humor. Why am I not doing that? And of course these, all these guys at Babylon B are all Christian conservatives and it's like naked models. You're not supposed to do that alone. I just realized, I've been wrong all this time. Why am I working 90 hours a week? This is crazy. Because when it's passed me the idea of like, I've made it. People always want to say, be able to say I've made it. I've arrived. Yeah.  I didn't put all this effort into building SpaceX and Tesla because I thought they were easy ways to make money.  Absolutely right. There are only two car companies that have not gone bankrupt in the history of the United States and that's Ford and Tesla. And Tesla came within inches of going bankrupt multiple times as to SpaceX. So, and like who starts a rocket company think it's gonna be successful. I thought about, I mean, both those companies I thought had less than a 10% chance of success. I mean, that's pretty amazing. You know, it's pretty amazing. The idea that you start a company and as you're here, he put all his money that he made on PayPal into these companies so all his wealth was tied up in them with it with a 10% chance of success. I mean, it takes a lot of self-esteem. It takes a lot of courage. It takes vision. It takes a certain joy in just shooting for the moon. Well, he is shooting for the moon. I mean, really, just going for it and going big, not going small, going big. Who does that? Who goes big? Everybody today is such a wimp and careful and worried and overly thoughtful and, you know, why just not go for it? And these are two companies that, yeah, other companies go bankrupt. That's what auto companies do. And rocket companies. Where does that come from? So, just that. Wow. Isn't it fun to be alive when there's a businessman like this who's going for it, full on going for it? That's truly the American spirit in the American sense of life. And I thought it was overwhelmingly likely that I would lose the money that I made from PayPal. You know, I came to North America when I was 17 just by myself. And I had like a few thousand dollars in traveler's checks back when traveler's checks were a thing, you know, in Canadian dollars. I landed in Montreal. I have some family in Canada. And my mom's uncle lived in Montreal, but like we didn't know his phone number. So I landed in Montreal and my mom says, I just got a letter back from my uncle. He's in Minnesota or something. So I'm like, okay, I don't know what to do now. It's like, just stayed in a youth hostel and like bought a bus ticket across Canada. And I worked in various odd jobs and stuff. Worked on my mom's cousin's wheat farm in Saskatchewan for six weeks. That's where I had my 18th birthday, actually. Worked in the lumber mill, chainsawed logs, did various odd jobs. And then went to college in Canada for a couple years. I paid my own way through college, by the way. But in Canada, it's like easier because the college is more subsidized. And I was a Canadian citizen through my mom. So, and I got some scholarships and loans and stuff. And then I applied to the University of Pennsylvania. And I didn't think I'd be able to go because tuition is really high, but they gave me a scholarship and loans and stuff. So I was able to go there. I graduated with about $100,000 in student debt. And I was going to do grad studies at Stanford and decided to put that on hold to try starting an internet company. I actually, I tried to get a job at Netscape, but they didn't, I'd send my resume and I'd get a response. So I was like, okay, I guess I can't get a job at the, there are only a few internet companies and it can get a job at anything. So I was like, I guess I want to do some of the internet and I got to start my own company. But I ended up writing the first maps and directions on the internet. I wrote personally maps, directions, yellow pages, white pages on a puny computer, like with hardly any. So you had to be like, the code had to be super tight. I even have some patents on like maps and directions and yellow pages and white pages and stuff from ages ago. They're lapsed now. But that company ended up getting bought by Compact for about $300 million. I own 7% of the company. So I got like $20 million from that. I put most of it into x.com, which was with Confinity to create PayPal. And then I got about $180 million from that. And for all of that into SpaceX, Tesla and Solar City, I've just basically kept, you know, kept all the chips on the table, just like let's play another round. And most people take the chips off the table or at least some of their chips. And then SpaceX and Tesla ended up being valuable. And that's where I'm but the reason for SpaceX and Tesla. So right. So there's a there's a rundown of his career. I thought that was a quick rundown. It was nice. The guy is a serial entrepreneur. He's done this more than once. He started a software company basically in grad school, sold it for $300 million. I think he said in the own 7% he got $20 million. And then of course, he's one of the founders ultimately of what became PayPal x.com that became PayPal. That is quite a resume. That's impressive. And somebody says who he's got the Canadian spirit. Well, the amazing thing is, and this is I think, I don't think you Americans like to hear this. But the fact is that the people who have the most American spirit are immigrants. In this case, he was he was he grew up in South Africa, where I have family roots to he grew up in South Africa moved to Canada and then to the United States. And as an immigrant, these are the kind of people you guys want to build walls want to keep out. He changed the world. But it's often immigrants who have that American spirit, that spirit of we can do anything. That spirit of nobody's going to stand in my way. That how it works for it, if you will. I am going to make it even after working a query for a while. And I think Elon Musk has exhibited that throughout his career. He just goes out there and does it. He makes it happen. He's obviously brilliant. He's obviously super smart. But part of it is that he makes it that he is ambitious. He's willing to walk super super hard. Super super hard. And he doesn't believe we need to go to Mars because the world is ending because of climate change or something like that. He'll he doesn't believe that at all. We'll see that in a minute. All right, let's switch gears. And let's talk about Elon's kind of how he thinks about solving problems. His you know, to some extent is epistemology. So let's look at this. This is from Lex Friedman show. And I think I think this is an interesting segment. See what you think. See what you think of this. You know, Lex has always asked super thoughtful questions. And Elon has these pretty amazing answers. What's the pause before he answers? What's your source of belief in situations like this? When the engineering problem is so difficult? There's a lot of experts, many of whom you admire who have failed in the past. Yes. And a lot of people, you know, a lot of experts, maybe journalists, all the kind of you know, the public in general have a lot of doubt about whether it's possible. And you yourself know that even if it's a non null set, non empty set of success, it's still unlikely or very difficult. Like where do you go to, both personally, intellectually as engineer, as a team, like for source of strength needed to sort of persevere through this. So that's the question is about belief about source of strength. And you'll see in a minute, Elon doesn't know exactly how to answer this question, because he doesn't think in those terms. And that I find super interesting. And to keep going with the project, take it to completion. Listen to pause. Just thinking. That's rare. source of strength. I just really know how I think about things. I mean, for me, it's simply this, this is something that is important to get done. And we should just keep doing it.  And I, I don't need source of strength. So quitting is not even like, that's not, it's not in my nature. And I don't care about optimism or pessimism.  We're going to get it done. Now that's the American spirit. After that, we're going to get it done. We just are. We're going to figure out a way. And we're going to get it done. That's the kind of attitude that, you know, America is always represented. And I can't think of anybody right now out there who represented more than Elon Musk. And it's like source of belief, source of strength. No, just, I just get it done. We just get it done. I tell the team, we just need to get it done, figure it out, get it done. Can you then zoom back in to specific problems with starship or any engineering problems you work on? Can you try to introspect your particular biological neural network, your thinking process and describe how you think through problems, the different engineering and design problems. Is there like a systematic process you spoken about first principles thinking, but is there kind of process to it?  Like I've met a lot of people that can break the law, but I haven't met anyone who could break physics. So that's great. You start with facts. You start with reality. You start with what the laws of physics are. If you're an engineer, right, that you cannot change, but that's kind of the first principles. So, so first, for, you know, any kind of technology problem you have to sort of just make sure you're not violating physics. And, you know, first principles analysis, I think is something that could be applied to really any walk of life, anything really. It's just, it's really just saying, you know, let's let's boil something down to the most fundamental principles, the things that we are most confident are true at a foundational level. And that sets you at your sets your axiomatic base, and then you reason up from there. And then you cross check your conclusion against the axiomatic truths. So he's missing the observations and all of that, right? He's missing the concretes, the experience and all that. But this is pretty good. This is pretty good. Only basics and physics would be like, are you violating conservation of energy or momentum or something like that?  So that's, you know, so that's just to establish is it is it possible? And then another good physics tool is thinking about things in the limit. If you if you take a particular thing and you scale it to a very large number or to a very small number, how does how do things change? Well, it's like tempo, like in number of things you manifest. Yeah, I mean, I wanted you to get that piece on first principles. And now he thinks about problems, how it starts with reality, physics represents reality really. And you always test against reality, you always confirm against reality.  I'd finally, I want to show this clip. At the end of Joe Rogan show, I think it represents a bit about, you know, what motivates him around, particularly around SpaceX.  I think, I think he's, you know, he's, he looks a little, maybe this is the episode where he smoked pot with Joe Rogan, I don't know, because he looks a little off. So ignore that. Listen to what he actually says. A lot of folks.  Try to maximize the probability that the future is good. Try to do useful things and try to maximize the probability that the future is good. That's not bad. You want rules for life. They kind of fit in there. It doesn't contradict them. Could could be more fleshed out. Make the future exciting. Make the future exciting. There's another one. I love that. Look forward to, you know, make it so you look forward to another one. You know, with Tesla, we're like trying to make things that people love. Yeah, it's like not. That sounds a little bit like Apple, try to make things that people love. And you know, that it's just, it's just he has this vision of I want to make amazing, exciting, thrilling things that will make the future better. I mean, wow, that's a great vision for an entrepreneur. I think how many, how many things can you buy that you really love that really give you joy? So rare, so rare. I wish there were more things. That's what we're trying to just make things that somebody loves. Well, make things that somebody loves. You could phrase it in a different way. You could talk about the fact that what business does is you create values, values for people. Why are these things values for people? Because it's stuff that people love, stuff that people love to consume, to use, to drive. Is my iPhone stuff that people love to use. This is something I love to use. That's, it's a beautiful thing. And it's, I think what ultimately inspires every great entrepreneur, the creation of value, the creation of value, making the world better by creating value and doing it by challenging yourself. When you, when you think about making things that someone loves, like, do you specifically think about like what things would improve people's experience? Like what, what would change the way people interface with life that would make them more relaxed or more happy? You really think like when you're thinking about things like that, is that like one of your considerations? Like what, what could I do that would help people? So this is a funny thing. It's like Joe Morgan wants something that help people. But when he goes to help people, he goes to meditation. He goes to relax. He goes to these superficial things. And Elan is all about creating real values. Exciting stuff, building stuff, making stuff. None of this touchy-feely, oozy or altruistic stuff. Now Elan wants to help people, that help people by creating great values for them. Yeah, maybe they wouldn't be able to figure out. Yeah, like, like what are the set of things that can be done to make the future better? Make the future better is much better than, you know, help people. So I think the future where we are a spacefaring civilization and out there among the stars, this is very exciting. I agree and I love that. It's super exciting. If the human race is out there in the stars, it's super exciting. If Star Trek or whatever come and become real, if all the sci-fi stuff that we read is real, that would be truly super exciting. It's not about planet Earth decaying or, you know, it's about how ambitious we're going to be. Any more than Christopher Columbus didn't set sail to find, you know, to explore new lands because he was worried about the decay of Europe but because he was an explorer. He wanted to discover new lands. He was ambitious. This makes me look forward to the future. This makes me want that future. Looking forward to the future, wanting that future. All positive things. You know, there are things, there need to be things that make you look forward to waking up in the morning. You wake up in the morning, you look forward to the day, look forward to the future. A future where we are a spacefaring civilization and out there among the stars, I think that's very exciting. That is a thing we want. I agree. Whereas if you knew we would not be a spacefaring civilization but forever confined to Earth, this would not be a good future. That would be very sad, I think. I agree. It would be sad in terms. You don't want the sad future. Of the just the finite lifespan of the Earth itself and the solar system itself. No, no, no.  Well, when Lex, in the solar system, really lacks imagination, he doesn't get Elon Musk at all. Well, it's probably, if you're saying that when does the sun boil the oceans? Right. About 500 million years. So is it sad that we never leave because in 500 million years that happens? Is that what you're saying? No, I just think like there are two futures and one future is we're out there among the stars and the things we read about and see in science fiction movies, the good ones are true. We have these starships and we're going to see what other planets are like and we're a multi-planet species and the scope and scale of consciousness has expanded across many civilizations and many planets and many star systems. This is a great future. This is a wonderful thing to me and that's what we should strive for. But that's biological travel. That's cells traveling physically to another location. This is Rogan getting to be all this mushy stuff, right? Yes. Do you think that's definitely where we're going? No. Yeah, I don't think so either. I used to think so. And now I'm thinking more likely less than ever, like almost every day, less likely. We can definitely go to the moon and Mars. Yeah. And we can go to the asteroid belt and we can go to the moons of Jupiter, Saturn, we can even get to Pluto. That'd be the craziest place ever if we colonized Mars and re-terraformed it and turned it into like a big Jamaica. That's where his head is. I think we should. That would be, I mean, imagine. Great. That'd be great. It's potential, it's possible, right? We can turn the whole thing into Cancun. I mean, over time. There wouldn't be easy, but yes. You could just warm it up. Yeah, you can warm it up, you can add air, you can get some water there.  We could be a multi-planet species. That would be amazing. We're a multi-planet species. That's what we want to be. Exactly, like air-conditioned Saturn. I'm pro-human. Yeah, I wanted to get to that. I'm pro-human, right? Why is he saying all this? Why does he want all this? Because he's pro-human. And if you watch these, you could watch a lot more. There's a ton of stuff. There's a bunch of stuff. But even when he's talking about climate change, his argument is not the world is gonna end in eight years. He's no Greta. His argument is, ultimately, this will probably warm the planet and this is gonna cause problems. He also says, oil is finite. It might take a long time, but it is finite. We're gonna have alternative energies at some point. Why not accelerate it? Why not reduce the risk? Now, I think a lot of that is rationalization. I think he's wrong about climate change. I think he's wrong about the urgency. I think he's wrong in much of what he's advocated. Somebody said he blocked Alex Epstein. I'm not surprised. I think he takes the wrong view on climate change.   He's not taking it. He's mistaken for whatever reason he's mistaken.  He wants to make life better. He wants people to have a better life. And if you're worried about climate change long-term, and he always emphasizes long-term, not tomorrow, then he's for finding alternative sources of energy. I don't know what he thinks about government subsidies and government, all of that. He has said, I think you all saw, I think I showed the video of him saying he doesn't believe in subsidies. Government shouldn't subsidize. He doesn't need subsidies. He has said that. Whether he's being consistent about that, I don't know, but he has said it. And I wish, I hope he is very consistent about it. But I just, at this point, I like him. I like his attitude. I like his sense of life. I like the spirit. Thank you for listening or watching the Iran book show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening. You get value from watching. Show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbookshow.com slash support by going to Patreon, subscribe star locals, and just making a appropriate contribution on any one of those channels. Also, if you'd like to see the Iran book show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course, subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. Those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


So let's just get right into the speech and make some observations about both the style and substance of what he's saying. So we'll first run his opening statement. Today I am present to inform you that the Western world is facing a significant threat. It is in danger because those who are supposed to defend the values of the Western world are co-opted by a worldview that inevitably leads to socialism and consequently to poverty and economic deprivation. Unfortunately... Like you said, this and I should have mentioned this at the top, we are running a, these clips are actually an AI translated version of Millet that is meant to approximate the tenor of Millet's voice. So some clever person ran the transcript through one of these AI voice generators and created this AI approximation of Millet's voice and that it actually syncs his mouth to either word. So this is a weird 2024 thing that we're doing here. I just wanted to disclaim that as loudly and forcefully as possible and mention that as always, we will link to our sources and the original transcript that you can watch. But we did check and it's accurate with the transcript that the WF posted. But we just thought for audio and video purposes, this would be like the best way to consume this. That aside, his opener there really is, like you said, Marcos, consistent with the message we've heard over and over again, which is that this is kind of an existential battle between individualism and collectivism in all its forms. Anyone want to put a way in there before we continue? No, I just wanted to say, I think, if I'm not mistaken, I think Millet was photographed as he was entering the plane that took him to Davos with a copy of individualism and economic order by Friedrich Hayek. So I think that tells you about the spirit that he wanted to convey with that speech and he did. Absolutely. Liz, anything else for you want to keep going? Let's go. I need more Millet. All right. All right, let's go. In recent decades, motivated by some well-intentioned desires to help others and others by the desire to belong to a privileged caste, the main leaders of the Western world have abandoned the model of freedom for different versions of what we call collectivism. We are here to tell you that collectivist experiments are never the solution to the problems that afflict the citizens of the world, but rather they are their cause. Trust me, there is no one better than us Argentines to provide testimony on these two issues. And we embrace freedom in 1860. In 35 years, we became the world's first dominant power. In 35 years, we became the first world power. While when we embraced collectivism over the past 100 years, we saw how our citizens began to systematically impoverish themselves until they fell to the 140th position in the world, 40 in the world. But before we can have this discussion, it would be important for us to first look at the data that supports why free market capitalism is not only a possible system to end world poverty, but also the only morally desirable system to achieve it. Okay, so he's saying that the arc of Argentina's history there is sort of a case study in what happens when you embrace and turn away from free market capitalism. Would you be able to flesh out a little bit of that political and economic history for us?  Take a second. In like two minutes, right? Yeah, thank you. Well, but Mille's right in that Argentina is sadly a remarkable example of what happens when you steer away from capitalism and free markets. Argentina back in the late 19th century was among the top economies of the world. It was second only to the US in terms of the countries that received the most immigrants, millions and millions of Europeans basically, but also people from Asia came to Argentina during that time among them my own ancestors from Italy and the ancestors of basically all of us who live here today, because this was a country where you could thrive, where you could just buy a piece of land and work your way towards the middle class and get yourself a home and buy yourself a home, get a stable job and be able to save. And this is because Argentina was a country that was open to the world where trade, international trade was very important. This was a country where restrictions to economic activities were low. There wasn't a lot of corporatism. The role of the state was very limited. Public spending was not super high. We had no central bank, we had no inflation and we just basically welcomed anyone who would wanna come to Argentina and live here peacefully. Beginning in the great... Stick out to me about Argentina's origin story is it seems like on the note that you're hitting there, there also have been for a long time these little ethnic enclaves. With so much immigration comes, yes, some amount of assimilation and becoming Argentine, but also at the same time, sometimes little communities of expats and there are still these little towns in Argentina where people speak entirely Italian or entirely German or entirely French or what have you. And I think there's an interesting, correct me at any point if I'm wrong, but I think that that's a really interesting thing. And then also Argentina used to be pretty like natural resource rich, right? With a lot of agriculture and just like so much to export. Is that correct? Correct, okay. That's correct. In terms of assimilation, I would say that you having towns where people speak a language different than Spanish, that's not something that you will find today. You could find that at the beginning of the 20th century for sure. And you can find towns today where the last names of everyone will be German or Italian or Spanish and you will see that correct or Weismilla, you know, like Zach's or you will find architecture that is entirely Bavarian. That's actually Bichet and El Belgrano where the Oktoberfest is held, of course. You will find ethnic enclaves like that, but the country, but people assimilated pretty well. I wouldn't say that there were, you know, communities that were left out or that decided to stay out on purpose, but they assimilated pretty well. But the main problem begins with the Great Depression and then in the 1940s with the rise of fascism because if you think about it, Argentina is the only country in the world where 80 years after the downfall of Nazism and fascism, there is still a very popular fascist party because Juan Perón was a general in the army, in the Argentinian army. He studied under Mussolini. He traveled to Italy while he was president and basically put in place the same corporatist model, fascist model to manage the country's economy, right? And so this is the time where free enterprise capitalism started to be left out basically. And this is a time where the government stepped in and this is a time where public spending rose, where taxation rose, where many people started fleeing and capital started fleeing. This was a trend that was opposite what had happened in the past say 60 or 70 years. Suddenly, people wanted to leave the country and not come in. Argentina stopped receiving immigration basically and we started having a succession of governments one after the other who would fight because they claimed that the prior one had not been as leftist as the new one, right? Because even the opposition embraced this Peronist model because Peronism was so popular and it was popular because Perón basically handed out all of the money that the country had, until there was none left. And of course, there was also no incentives for generating wealth, because if you're just going to confiscate it the way he did with nationalizations and confiscations and measures like that. Well, of course, no one's gonna, no one's gonna wanna give you anything in the future. So yeah, this is how Argentina started falling in the indices of economic freedom, but also in terms of GDP per capita, for example, because at the beginning of the 20th century, Argentina was very similar to Australia and Canada. These are two countries that are also small in terms of population. They're also huge in terms of the land that they have, but the trajectories have been very, very different. Australia and Canada are part of the first world, if you will, today. They're rich nations. They have their problems, but they're nowhere as similar as Argentina where we have a poverty rate of about 50%. So Argentina is indeed a perfect example of what happens when you basically abandon capitalism and liberalism in the old sense. And so I'm glad that Millay talked about this at Davos. Hey, thanks for watching that clip from our new show, Just Asking Questions. You can watch another clip here or the full episode here. New episodes drop every week, so subscribe to Reason TV's YouTube channel to get notified when that happens or to the Just Asking Questions podcast on Apple, Spotify, or any other podcatcher. See you next week.


One, two, three. It's a series called Africa America, and I used the cloth to create a connection between black people in America and black folks in Africa. Good. Okay.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unisor Education. I continue talking about systems of linear inequalities. In this case, this lecture is dedicated to solving a couple of problems. I do recommend you to go to Unisor.com website and notes for this particular lecture are there. So try to solve these inequalities yourself first. Then you can listen to whatever I'm saying and again, my methodology is not necessarily the best, but I will present my opinion about how to solve these systems. But it will be great if you have your own first. All right. Anyway, I have three different systems, and let me just go straight to solving them first.  This is a system of four linear inequalities with two variables. Well, first of all, there is nothing wrong with having four inequalities and only two variables. That's quite all right. It's only when we're talking about equalities equations actually, the number of variables and number of our equations usually is the same. But in case of inequalities, it's not. So every particular inequality sets out of the coordinate plane where points x, y are represented. A certain half. So half of the plane is defined by the first inequality. Another half of the same plane, but from another line, which will be solutions to the second one, the third, the fourth, and then we have to basically intersect all these four areas. Each one of them is half a plane from some particular line. So the methodology, as I was explaining in the previous lecture about the systems of linear inequality is. First of all, let's just separately find these half planes for each case, and then we will go and try to intersect them. All right. So we will have one coordinate plane, now the first inequality. Well, let's first draw the graph of the function minus x minus 2 equals to 0. Okay. Minus x minus 2 equals to 0, it means x is equal to minus 2. Right? That's the solution. So the graph of the function x is equal to minus 2 is minus 2 is here. So all the points on the coordinate plane, which have x coordinate equal to minus 2 lie on this particular line. Now, we are interested in less than 0. So is it left or right from this line? Well, let's just substitute 0 for instance. If x is equal to 0, this inequality becomes true. Minus 2 is less than 0. So the point 0, 0 really belongs to the area which we are interested in. Right? So this is the area we are interested in. Great. Next. x minus 2 equals to 0, x is equal to 2. What is this particular line? Well, it's this vertical line which intersects the x-axis at point x is equal to 2, and y can be in. Now, left or right half of the plane, they're interested in. Well, again, let's just check it out with the easiest point 0. If I will substitute, I will have true statement minus 2 less than 0, which means 0 belongs, point 0, 0 belongs to the half of the plane which we need. Right? So the plane, the half of the plane which we need is to the left. So this is, okay, next. Minus y minus 3, what if it's equal to 0? Y is equal to minus 3. Now, minus 3 is here. So what's the graph of this function? It's this one. It's horizontal. All y's are supposed to be minus 3, and all x's can be n's. Now, again, the same question. Which area are we interested in? Higher or lower than this particular line? Let's substitute 0, 0. We will have minus 3 less than 0, which is true statement, which means 0 is supposed to be in our half plane. So our half plane is to the top from this particular line. So it's this one. Finally, y minus 3, what if it's equal to 0? Means y is equal to 3. This is a line which is going here. It divides again our coordinate plane into two parts, upper and lower, which one are we interested in? Let's just substitute 0, 0. It will be a true statement. So 0, 0 is here, which means we're interested in lower part. Now, we have to intersect all these four half planes. The one which is to the right of this vertical, the one which is to the left of this vertical, which is higher than this and lower than this. And obviously, this is this particular rectangle. So solutions to this system of four linear in equations with two variables is the area on the coordinate plane, which is inside this rectangle. That's the answer. This is a solution. Granted, it's obtained graphically, if you wish. But in any case, it's as good as anything else. And if you can just word it in a way that, OK, that this is a solution. It's within all the points which are solutions to this system of inequalities lie on the coordinate plane inside this particular rectangle. Now, the rectangle is defined by either these four sides. Or if you wish, you can define the vertices. Now, this is obviously 2, 3. This is obviously minus 2, 3. This is minus 2, minus 3. And this is 2, minus 3. So these are three vertices. So either these lines or these four vertices, they define the rectangle. And all the solutions are inside. Border is not included because these are strict inequalities, strictly less, not less or equal. This is the end of the first problem. So write minus y, minus 3, less than 0. x plus y, minus 3, less than 0. Minus x plus y, minus 3, less than 0. OK, same methodology. Coordinate plane. Well, let's draw the graph. Graph of the first function. Minus y, minus 3, less than 0. So we have to graph the function minus y, minus 3 equals to 0, which is y is equal to minus 3. y is equal to minus 3. It's horizontal line, which intersects here. Now, we are interested in less than 0, which means the point 0, 0 belongs to our half the plane. Because if substituted, you will get a true statement. So we are interested in everything above. Everything above this line, this half plane, is basically the solution to this particular inequality. Next one. If x plus y, minus 3 is equal to 0, then the graph of this function can be expressed as y equals minus x plus 3. And we can build this particular graph by building y is equal to minus x, which is this line with 45 degrees, but this direction, and lift it up by three units. So it will be something like this. Or alternatively, we can assign what if x is equal to 0, then y is equal to 3. So it's supposed to go through the point 0, 3. Or if y is equal to 0, x is equal to 3. It's supposed to go to point 3, 0, and 0, 3. So in both cases, we get this particular line. It's at 45 degrees to the x-axis and to the y-axis. And it's lifted up by three units. Now, again, which half of the plane, this or this, we are interested in? Substitute 0, 0, which is this. You will get a true statement. So this particular half of the line is something which we are interested in. So right now, we have this section of the plane satisfying two inequalities. But we have the third one. So what's the third one? Minus x plus y minus 3 equals to 0. Or, again, y is equal to x minus 3, sorry, plus 3. Which is what? y is x is this one. Plus 3, it would be lifted up by 3. So it will go from 3 to minus 3. And again, you can use whatever I said before. If x is equal to 0, y is equal to 3. So at this point, and if x is equal to minus 3, y is equal to 0, it goes through this point. So which part of this plane we are interested in? Again, 0.00 would turn this into a true statement. So this 0.00 belongs, so this area is ours. So what do we have? We have higher than this towards this and towards that, which is this particular triangle. This triangle is our solution. Again, not including the borders, because these are strict inequalities. So the answer to the system of 3, in this case, inequalities, linear inequalities with two variables, is represented geometrically on the coordinate plane. Are all the points inside this particular triangle? Now it's very easy, actually, to find the vertices of this triangle. This is obviously 0.03. Now what are these? Well, it's an intersection between y is equal to minus 3 and this one, which is the second inequality. So it's y is equal to minus 3 and x plus y minus 3 is equal to 0. The intersection of them, well, if y is equal to minus 3, it's minus 3, minus 3, so it's minus 6. So x is supposed to be equal to 6. So this is 6. And this is 6 minus 2. And similarly, this would be minus 6, minus 3. These are coordinates of the vertices of this triangle. So when it's equal sign, these are equations of the lines. Now these are vertices of the same triangle. And everything inside this triangle is solution. When I'm saying inside, I do mean that the border is not included, otherwise I would say it's inside and on the border. But this is not the case in this case. OK, so that's it with the second one.  OK, what are these? OK, now we have four different straight lines to be drawn. And then we have to choose which half of the plane we are interested relative to each line. And then intersect them, exactly the same thing. Now from this, it follows y equals to 2. From this, y is equal to minus 2. So if this is my coordinate plane, these are two lines, which are the first two lines which characterize this particular inequality. Now 0.00 belongs to the first one and to the second one, which means from the first line it should go down, from the second line it should go up. So basically, right now, I have this area of the coordinate plane already representing solutions to only two of these inequalities. Now let's add two others. Now this means y equals to x minus 2 and y is equal to x plus 2. Now this line dropped down by two units, which is this.  This at 45 degrees y is equal to x, lift it up by two units. Now again, 0.00 fits here and 0.00 fits here, which means from this line I should go to the left and from this line to the right. So these are my half planes, which I am interested in. And before I had from these two towards 0.00. So as a result, I have this parallelogram between these two parallel lines and these two parallel lines. So the parallelogram represents the solution. So the answer is these four inequalities, linear inequalities, have a solution represented by this parallelogram on the coordinate plane. So every point inside this parallelogram has coordinates which are basically correspond to each and every of these equations. So that's basically the result. Now you can obviously find the vertices as well. So these are obviously 0,2 and 0, minus 2. And this point is what that can be. I guess this is 4, 4, 2. Yeah, and this is minus 4, minus 2. How did I get this? Well, very simply, this is the intersection of this and this. This is y is equal to 2 and this is y is equal to x minus 2. Is that right? Right, so if 2 is here, then x is supposed to be 4. 4 minus 2 is 2, right? And similarly here, if you're combining this and this, then if this is minus 2, then it's actually supposed to be minus 4, right? Minus 4 plus 2 minus 2. Right, I'm right. OK, these are three problems. I wanted to solve it basically with you. If you have some other way to solve these problems, that's perfectly OK as long as you have the same solution. I didn't really mention it, but probably if I think it's worth mentioning, if instead of less, you have less or equal, then obviously the border of this parallelogram should also be included. Well, that's kind of an obvious observation. And if some of them are with equal sign, some of them without, then those with equal sign will include the border. Let's say you have this and this. What does it mean? It means that not only everything below this, but also the line itself belongs. And here also not only above this line, but also line itself belongs. But these are strict inequalities, which mean these lines do not belong. So the answer in this particular case is the same parallelogram, but with this and this side, including into a set of all the solutions to this system of inequalities. That's it. Thank you very much. Don't forget to go through the Unisor other problems. It would be great if you can register with some supervisor or your parents, and you can basically just draw the whole course for you. Thanks again. Good luck.


The NBA draft is complete and the long-awaited question of where these top prospects end up landing is over. So now it's time to look ahead to the season specifically who's going to win Rookie of the Year. The odds have been posted on Fandall Sports because you can see Paolo is the early odds on favorite at plus 350 followed by Jabari and Chet and you've got Jade and Ivy there fourth at plus 850. There's been some John Moran comparisons for Ivy so I think it's pretty good value there plus 850 but we want to hear from you as always. Where do you see value on this list? Any dark horses for Rookie of the Year? Let us know.


Now in terms of the specifics, because this is usually after talking about these things people ask, well exactly how much should I do? And this is where people make another big mistake, is expecting there to be a single answer that works well for everybody.  Imagine that you went into a clothing store and you saw a mannequin and had a pair of jeans and a shirt on and looked great on the mannequin, looked perfect and you went up to the sales person and said, that looks great, I want that shirt and I want those pants and they said, okay well we'll go and find something that fits you, no, I want that, that looks great in the mannequin, I'm going to take it. Similar thing happens when people see people in the gym doing something and they say, well what are you doing? You see the big guy back in the corner benching or some guy flexing in the mirror like that guy looks awesome, I wonder what his program is or you pick up a magazine and it says, follow these five points to add two inches to your arms or something. People look at what other people are doing and they assume that that particular person's results can be duplicated if they follow the program that they espouse or that they are supposedly following, actually a lot of these magazine programs they make up. The people that you see in the pictures have probably never done these workouts, they hire them, they come in, they get a bunch of photos of them doing the exercise, they match them to an article which was probably thrown together over the period of a couple days and tailored to whichever advertisements it was going to be put with. But here's the thing, there is a general set of principles and these principles apply equally to everybody. Any normal healthy functioning human being is going to be able to get results if they apply the principles correctly. The problem is that there is huge variability in how individuals respond to exercise, there's variability not just in genetics but also lifestyle factors and variability in goals. And to follow a particular person's program just because they got good results with it does not necessarily mean that it's a good fit for you. And it's like if you were to want to succeed in a particular business, you wanted to start a company and you went and looked at somebody else's company who was very successful and how they went about it and tried to copy their exact plan but if you failed to consider that that individual's success in that particular business or any other endeavor might have had to do with factors other than the plan might have even had to do with factors that allowed them to succeed in spite of a bad plan, personal connections, being in the right place at the right time, having specific character traits that allowed them to excel in that particular endeavor. And the same thing is true with workouts because there's differences in how much exercise a person can tolerate because there's differences in how quickly some people are able to recover and adapt because there's differences even within some muscle groups between people and sometimes within individuals in whether a higher maybe a little bit lower repetition range will work better. If you try to copy somebody else's plan exactly, depending on how well the plan matches what you need it may work to some extent but unless you dissect it get rid of the specifics look at the principles and apply the principles in accordance with how your body responds you are not going to get the same results and this is a problem because a lot of times what people do is they don't even consider the principles. They think that there is a plan a specific workout a program that is going to do the trick for them and they try a program and it doesn't work instead of asking what about this doesn't work what could I change to make it better they just drop it and they jump to a completely different program they don't bother to look at any of the specifics of what they're doing they just toss it wholesale and do something else sometimes eventually they'll find something if they're lucky that does match them but this introduces another problem in that they will often make the assumption that they have found the program suddenly after failing at all these other things they find something that appears to be working for them and they figure this is it and then they become obnoxious like crossfitters and they start telling everybody else this is how you've got to train I did all these other things and it didn't work for me and then I discovered this this is a way to do it same with diet same with a lot of other things but then you've got somebody with a different set of genetics who's done something completely differently and they tried the program that that guy did and they didn't get any results from it so that guy doesn't know what the hell he's talking about he's clueless they did this thing and this is what worked for them and they completely miss the point because it isn't that it was anything about the specific program that makes it better than every other program out there but just that the way the principles were applied in that particular program was a better fit for them an analogy that I like to use is getting a suntan


And welcome to NewsClick's first international roundup of 2019. In this episode, we look at five countries which have had a momentous 2018 and for whom 2019 is also likely to be a decisive year. To talk more about this, we have with us Prabir Prakashan, editor-in-chief of NewsClick. Hello Prabir. Prabir, let's start with Syria. So Syria in December 2018 and January 2019 is a very different country from the beginning of last year. The battle lines have been drawn to some extent. The U.S. is in the process of withdrawing. The Syrian regime is maybe perhaps at its most stable ever. And even the regional negotiations have taken a particularly decisive turn and only Idlib remains as one of the last strongholds of resistance from the rebel forces. At the same time, there's also concern about what Turkey is likely to do and then the Kurdish question as well. So how do you see the developments panning out in the next couple of months? Well, the big picture first as you talked about is that the Syrian government has regained control of at least west of Euphrates where the main population is. It has been able to control almost from what I can see about 75 to 80 percent of the territory. Now this is a sharp change from the earlier period where say one year back as you said where the amount of territory it controlled was relatively much less. It controlled of course the population centers which always was under the control of the government forces but it had lost a lot of the territory. So it's regained most of the territory west of Euphrates. As you know, east of Euphrates it's really with the Kurdish supported militias and Arab militias, what are called tribal groups over there. I'm skeptical about the name tribal groups and of course also the U.S. which has been backing them. So that part of it still remains outside the Syrian government control as of now. There is one another territory which is still not under the control which is Altanaf and that enclave is with the United States and NATO forces which hopefully will also withdraw but it stops really the connection between Baghdad and Damascus. So in that sense Altanaf is an important enclave which that's the reason why the Americans are there and also Euphrates is another block. Therefore the fact that the forces supported by the United States at the moment controls the area east of Euphrates means also the relationship that Syria and Iraq can establish that also gets weakened. So this is still strategically Syrian government forces have some problems but broadly they have gained back territory and they have certainly appeared today much more stable. Then from the start of the 2011 insurrection some people would call it proxy war, some people would call it whatever we call it. From that time to now it seems that the Syrian government has really earned legitimacy. You have seen the Gulf states now willing to come back. Their embassies are coming back. This is the readmission of Syria back into the Arab League. So that legitimacy internally and externally now the Assad government seems to have got. Coming back to what you raised, what about Turkey, United States and so on. It's also interesting, it does appear that Turkey, the Syrian government, Russians and Iranians seem to be in negotiations what to do about Idlib and what to do with the Kurdish areas which actually as you know are basically pockets and some areas contiguous to Iraq which is spanning from northwest to northeast of Syria. But they have occupied a lot of territory which is not really Kurdish areas at all. So what happens to that? The Kurdish forces seem to be at the moment also talking to the Assad government as well as to Russia. We do not know how it will pan out but it does seem that the major player in all of these negotiations is Russia and they are acting in order to broker a peace and agreement both with Turkey and remember Turkish and the Kurdish forces are really the oppositional ones and using that shall we say contradiction to say that the Kurdish forces may be better off being an autonomous region, some local autonomy, regional autonomy and being a part of Syria and let the Syrian government handle the border. The problem that has been there and I think that's a big one which also we need to take stock of that Israel could bomb Syria at will and they have been doing it for last five, six years. Whenever they wanted they would bomb Iraq, they would bomb Syria and claim they are bombing Iranian forces in Syria and so on. That with the S-300s now being placed in Syria, integrating of the air defenses with the older weapon systems they had S-200 and so on with the S-300, it seems that Israel's ability to counter or ability to hit Syria has weakened considerably. So I think we are seeing a new equilibrium where Syria is actually in terms of air defense. It's much stronger than it ever was and the impunity with which Israel could attack Syria has now stopped. So I think yes, a major shift globally with the US talking about withdrawal to see when they carry it out what happens. So I think this is a big, I would say it's a big victory in larger geostrategic terms for Russian intervention over here, Russian policies and for the Syrian government survival and also the regional importance of Syria and Iran now growing with Iraq sort of coming over in different ways to this alliance. One should not underestimate the importance of this because Syria has always punched far beyond its weight and Damascus is one of the oldest cities in the world, settled cities in the world. I think therefore influence of Damascus and Syria is coming back to the Arab region and I think that's also significant development for this year. And moving on to another country in the region, Yemen. So the year ended on what seemed like a positive note after this conflict which had lasted for years, for nearly three years and was almost completely ignored by the West as well as the global media in which Saudi Arabia had a lot of impunity to murder at will. There was a ceasefire that was announced in which the attempt was to basically try to resolve the humanitarian crisis so to speak in Hodeidah and both the Houthis and this alliance were to withdraw. So do you see this as a building block for something more positive ahead or is it just a moment of, say, truth temporarily? Well, it was one of the consequences of the Khashoggi murder, if you will, which took place as we know in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. And one of the consequences was the legitimacy of Saudi Arabia and government itself, for the regime itself. As you know, monarchy as a regime is a problem in today's world. That's what Saudi Arabia is. So it seemed therefore that Americans and the British were more pressured to make some overtures and Saudi's ability to also continue the war is going to get increasingly limited. That's what we thought. What we see now is Saudi regime has sort of weathered the storm and the kind of ceasefire talks that were going on centered around, as you said, the ability to reach food. Now, if you see Yemen today, about 2 to 3 billion under a dire conditions and there are another 15 to 17 million also in pretty bad condition, which need food from outside. And the only port through which the food can come in at least in the Houthi control areas is Udeda and that is where the battle has been between the Saudi forces and the Houthis. So the agreement that the UN we thought had broken meant that food aid will continue. And the forces would, both sides would withdraw from Houthi and UN would control the port. But what seems to have happened recently is a threat which has been given by the UN food program, which is the one controlling the food flow, that Houthis should control the theft otherwise of the food aid, otherwise they will stop the food aid completely which is roughly 3 billion people near starvation. While the same complaints about pilfering of supplies are there on the forces supported by Saudis and the Americans, but the UN food program does not seem to have given them any threats. So this is still something that we have to see, whether it's a serious attempt to reach peace, whether the UN can be an honest broker today when we have seen repeatedly in getting compromised under US pressure or NATO pressure. These are the things we have to see, because as it stands today, the ability to reach peace in Yemen would be Saudis have to come to the table with honest intentions. At the moment we still don't think they have done that. So I think that seems to be the problem in Saudi Arabia today with the Yemen war, the cost is to the Yemenis and it's a huge cost to which the world has shut its eyes to no food, no electricity, no medicine, no water, all of it barred by Saudi and United Arab Emirates. I will not call them forces, I will call them mercenary forces and also the shipping, this ban that they have installed over there, put in place over there and the support of the United States and Britain without which Saudis cannot bomb or continue this attack for more than a week or more than two weeks. And again if you move on to Afghanistan which was again recently the news after Trump's Jaibet Modi for building a library. But this year has also been very crucial for Afghanistan because reports now say that at least 50% of the country if not more is under the direct influence and at the same time there have been more attempts at negotiation and now with Trump's recent announcement there is even the possibility that half the US forces might withdraw. So how do you see the negotiations, the various kinds of negotiations that are going on, panning out and for instance does India have any real say in this whole issue as of now? You see the first thing let's look at the geography of Afghanistan which I think is the most important in this issue. It's a very rugged place. It's a rugged place which has been impossible for the British to also subdue. And Russians did intervene on the side of the democratic regime which had taken control over in Afghanistan. And the faulted on the feudal shall we say lines, fault lines of Afghanistan. The warlords or the local lords combining against the democratic government as well as the other republican government as well as the Russian forces over there, the Soviet forces over there. But if you look at the Afghan size you will see that this is a difficult area that it is roughly about say 5 to 6 times the size of Pajab for instance with almost similar population, numbers. So if you look at the numbers and the size of Afghanistan it could be even larger than what I said that this is not an area which is going to be easy to control against the wishes of its people. Americans coming in, winning Kabul was an easy one but staying in Kabul and getting control over the entire country and being able to have its regime which it supported, control Afghanistan was always going to be the difficult task and that we now see the Americans are accepting that this is a battle which is either continue for next 10, 15 years or they should really find a way to withdraw from. What Trump's problem is. So he might fulminate against Pakistan against every other country in the world but if you again see the borders of Afghanistan you will see it has Iran on one side you have the Central Asian Republic Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan you can see all of them over there then you have Pakistan and then of course you have India which is not having a continuous border with Afghanistan but still wants to be a player there. So in all of this mix if China has a small border with Afghanistan if you say in all of this mix it's very clear that everybody put together must cooperate in order for Afghan problem to seize to be a problem for all of us and I think that's where the problem lies because international diplomacy still operates on basically understanding it's a zero sum game and if Pakistan wins, India is going to lose if America loses, Russia is going to win or China is going to win this is the vision with which we are coming to the table this is not the vision that can solve the Afghan problem and yes I think that Taliban as you know are people who are important today because they have 50 to 60% of the territory or at least control directly or indirectly 50 to 60% of the territory and as you know the Afghan government barely controls the major population centers given this Taliban is a player whether we like it or we don't so Americans are trying to approach it to Pakistan as you can see after Trump's or American fulminations against Pakistan now they are making nice with Pakistan talking of the new government how good Imran Khan might be and Imran Khan is also making overtures so Pakistan is definitely back in Afghanistan Iran has also said we are also a player because they have the Hazara influence over there Hazaras are Shias who were attacked by Taliban so they also have shall we say interest in this part of Afghanistan so I think that this Taliban how it comes back in Afghanistan will depend a lot on Pakistan, Iran, United States and the Central Asian Republic some of whom have very close relations with Russia and how India will play in this is the real issue will we be shall we say talk about our library or the parliament building which we have built and should we accept Trump's nub and be and sulk is something we have to see question is this is a regional issue and it's the players in the region which would determine this not United States and if we don't fight with each other yes all of us can come together and say whatever our differences are Afghanistan will all come together is the only way I think a long-term solution to the Afghan problem can be reached and moving on to the Korean Peninsula again another historic year maybe after many decades and what we see is that it's also been a very uneven year so for every step that has been made there have been maybe two steps backwards or every two steps that have been made it's been a step backwards and even the latest announcements have been greeted with some skepticism there's a lot of various players pushing there's China of course both the Koreas which are working in one track there is a United States which different officials have different voices at various points of time so do you see things smoothing over the year or is it likely to be as chaotic well you know one thing is predicting the United States is always going to be difficult they have reached agreements from which they have gone back it happens with different presidents it can happen to the same president Mr. Trump because quite possible he does not agree with himself the next day so I think this is always going to be difficult to predict what we do see yes there was a major breakthrough in the Korean Peninsula last year we had the Singapore summit which Trump and Kim Jong-un met and it appeared that there has been a process by which certain agreements have been reached which will be carried out in the future negotiations well it started by the fourth item on that list being put in the first one by the United States and saying they have to denuclearize we have won and they have to now surrender to us before we do anything further so as you know there is an armistice but there is really no declaration of shall we say peace that has not happened and that is I thought the first step or all of us thought that would be the first step to take the United States is not willing to take that it is sort of I think the size that should be the last step otherwise the undeclared war should still continue and what it has done of course is that at least the major irritant in the relation with the US side which is this large scale military exercises it seems to have toned down abandon some of it and so on so let's see where it goes on that but I think the important part is not the United States important part is south and north Korea are coming together and they are continuing on their peace discussions and normalize of relations at the moment can South Korea do it without the consent of the United States without their support is something we have to see but they are creating conditions on the ground which will make it very difficult for the US to actually sabotage this peace process but here is the catch in the next election in South Korea do they have enough strength the United States to have a new government because US has always played this card the ability to influence elections outside its borders it might be screaming about Russia and its influence let's face facts the South Korean government quite often has been selected in the White House and not in South Korea so how much they will they can play with that is something we have to see but yes I think I will say cautious optimism because South and North Korea are continuing their peace process and I am still hopeful that the United States will not be able to scupper it the way it has done for instance vis-a-vis Iran and the Iran agreement that it had signed and moving on to the last country Brazil which kind of this year emerged is in some senses a classic example of how the right wing is mobilizing across the world so we have Bolsonaro who won a considerable victory on of course the basis of the law fair that was mounted against Lula and how he was eliminated from the race and at the same time his antiques or his actions after the elections have been have been as provocative as his campaign his decision to appoint Sergio Moro as a minister the kind of terminology he's used against social movements and for that fact that immediately after coming to power one of his first actions was to slash social security benefits so it's clear that there's no pretend so subtlety here and it's an all out war that is being launched against the legacy of the broad left as well as progressive movements in Brazil so how do you see the year going out going on for Brazil here and the possibilities of resistance well let's put it this way he said that he's not a Hitler he's Winston Churchill now for us in India where Winston Churchill was the cause the single cause of the great famine that took place particularly in the Bengal the Bengal famine that's not a very good shall we see analogy for him to seek but rest of the world may not see Winston Churchill in the same light Bolsonaro represents the Christian right and there is always an understanding that Brazil is a Christian country there's a Catholic church which is very important therefore what is the Christian right well then obviously the church has different faces as it and it is also different kinds of movements that are within the larger rubric of the Christian church and he represents the evangelical sections who have been far more right-wing in that sense and also today have growth are growing fastest in Latin America in Brazil 27% today are these evangelical churches so here the issue is that the Christian right and Bolsonaro represent one broad block which has been against a whole lot of things the Christian right has been against LGBT rights it's being against women's rights women should really be in the homes and should be producing children they should not be in the workplace it's been against also the homeless people's movements which has taken place of seizing land which under the constant should be given to them and building communes on that it's been against the workers rights as well but the workers rights also combined with the big capital in Brazil who are against of course all these sections so it's a combination of big business and Christian right with the United States direct support that's has been the shall we say the block they failed to win the elections but repeatedly this time they seem to have succeeded because of the what's called the car wash campaign the anti-corruption car campaign with just Judge Moro was the figure head he was the main inspirer of that campaign and the fact that he's not joined the cabinet would seem to throw under open to the question that was this all just a witch hunt against the pete whose candidate Lula was and the fact that Lula was disqualified was all of this only that because Judge Moro's campaign in actually involved far more oppositional right shall we say functionaries of the other parties who are all aligned to Bolsonaro that Bolsonaro could get them with the cabinet into the cabinet with ex-generals and fact is Bolsonaro himself has always supported the military rule earlier and in fact said that more people should have been killed only so many thousands were killed more should have been killed that does not portend well for democracy and Judge Moro's credibility because if he was this great defender of clean politics how come he's now a cabinet minister with all the other people who are involved in corruption from these parties that's an open question but I think it Brazil also is very important though overall Latin American scene and therefore the role that Brazil played to counter US influence and at least those kind of neo-colonial approaches Latin America in terms of trade deals various other things what has weakened considerably with Bolsonaro winning so I think for Latin America it's a bigger issue not just for Brazil alone that we have the Christian right coming in this form a relatively rapid right-wing government coming into coming into power in Brazil and therefore we do see the rise of what would be called ethno-nationalism so you have a Trump like figure you have Modi here you have Erdogan and the of your Bolsonaro that all of these seem to represent forces which are in some sense using religious as an identity and using that to fight against what would be called liberal progressive values in society Thank you Papir that's all we have time for today keep watching Newsclick


After the cabinet meeting that was shared by the council ministers and the ministers of public health there is a lot of amendments and cardio lifting that have been lifted or have been put in place that is to lift the COVID-19 restrictions and one of these ones that the cardio lifting we are talking about we are talking about what you call the wearing of the face masks and also what you call the application of the green etheras. Remember in this video we are going to look at the categories of workers or we are going to look at those people that are mandatory or they should put on what you call they should put on the mask or they should have the etheras application that will be posted in one or the other. When you look at that kind of scenario we are looking at the category of workers that should have or should continue putting on what we call the face masks or should continue wearing on the face mask regardless of what kind of restrictions that we have around. Remember we are looking at the latest publication that has been put about in the business of public health and it is showing that they have been what you call the cardio or have been what you call the COVID-19 relaxing or lifting of what you call the public or masks in the public places. As you look at the latest development stills according to the information we have the following category of workers should continue putting on the masks regarding the green friction they should continue putting on the mask remember. The minutes we stated that people are advised to take personal responsibility to protect themselves and others particularly those that they care for by wearing what you call face masks indoors in areas if they are vulnerable or have what you call coronal diseases or have what you call symptoms or are near people who seem to have symptoms or in what you call crowded or what you call poorly vented areas. That people much as the mask are not mandatory in most and other closed doors and other open places but if you seem to be in the condition whereby you are vulnerable to what you call coronal diseases the minutes of public health still argues you that you should continue to put on the mask. The mask should also continue to put on the mask and in that other situation if you come into close contacts or if you are living in close contacts with people that have symptoms the minutes of public health still stresses that you should continue wearing on the mask or should continue wearing on the mask. And still if you are moving in what you call crowded places or if you are moving in areas which are crowded the minutes of public health still argues to or still tells people that you should continue putting on the mask. And still if you are living in what you call poor vented areas the minutes of public health still argues people or argues in people in Qatar that should still put on what you call masks to avoid the spread of the disease or spread of the COVID-19 to other people or contracting the COVID-19. However in this scenario we are going to looking at the categories of workers that will continue putting on the mask with the effect 21st May they will continue putting on the mask. The following categories of workers in any restrictions have been advised by the minutes of public health continue putting on the mask. For individuals who are working within what you call the health care facilities as per the minutes of the public health the latest developments or the latest directive you should continue putting on the mask because you are working closely contact with other people meaning that you need to take care of yourself and also need to protect the people around you. The for individuals that are taking what you call the videos in public transport for people who are taking the car work bus transports for people who are taking the metro stations or for people who are using what you call the public transport as per the minutes of public health you should also continue putting on the mask. Still also we look at people working what you call the customer service employees as per the minutes of public health you should also continue putting on the mask. People who are working as cashiers people who are working as receptions and also people who are working as security guards or security personnel even to some extent the cleaners who have close contacts with other people or who are working what you call the customer service environment as per the minutes of public health you are advised to continue putting on the mask. Remember still as much as we are talking about putting on the masks we cannot fail to mention that as much as we all advise to put on the mask as per the minutes of public health all the citizens residents and visitors coming to Katal should have what you call a green address. When you look at the green address they should activate what you call a green address on their mobile as one way of vaccination it will be a requirement for you to go to some of these public places and it will be a requirement at random inspection that will be taken and anyone who is found without a green address activated on his mobile it should be a criminal case that will be moved on with what you call fine in one way or the other. So different kinds of those people if you are working the security personnel if you are working as receptions if you are working as a concept you are working as a cashier or you are working as a healthcare worker in one more data as per the latest development the latest development we are supposed to be putting on masks mandatory and you should have what you call a green address that is being activated on your mobile. Thank you so much for coming back this channel remember it makes creation by the way if it's your first time come across this channel please consider subscribing by the way don't forget to hit that notification bell because it's always very important for you to get updated wherever we upload in your video. Thank you so much for coming back to this channel see you again in the next video as we are looking at the latest developments the latest updates around the growth and Gulf countries and the world at large. Thank you so much see you again.


Good morning, everyone, and happy to welcome you here. My name is Artem, I come from Russia, and recently I have completed a T-SOUL certificate, so right now I want to share some of my experience with you. As a matter of fact, I have been teaching English for quite some time now, both general English and IELTS preparation, but unfortunately, due to excessive workload, I never had a time to get down to this certificate, so thanks to our summer holidays, I finally got a chance to do it. Now, I believe that this certificate is beneficial for two things, at least two. The first one is that you can actually add it to your portfolio, and that is going to be a very nice addition to it, so it increases your chances of being employed. The second one is that this certificate gives you a chance to look at your teaching experience from a different perspective, and it provides you with some guidelines, tips, tricks, techniques, that you can actually implement into the starting process, and your students should be able to achieve better results. Finally, I really enjoyed that at the end of each module you have to write a short essay, summarizing all the points that you've learned and sharing some of your experience, because for me, this self-reflection was really beneficial. So, if you want to upgrade your teaching experience to a new level, then I believe Diesel Certificate would be a very nice addition to your collection. Thank you.


Hi, everyone. I'm Sriman Thakumasi. I'm a research associate in Delhi University. I've been working with Magma community from the past one year. So Magma is an open-source software platform which gives an open, flexible, extendable mobile code network solution. And there is no vendor lock-in, so anyone can jump in and start using their existing equipments with 3GPP standard with 4G or 5G or Wi-Fi cellular networks. And its community is growing very rapidly every single day. So this is the right time if anybody wants to jump in and explore new areas. We are expanding in very different ways. There are a lot of opportunities in terms of jobs, in terms of learning, in terms of research. So this is the right way and right time to start.