Until the lion learns how to read and write, every story will glorify the hunter. This is an African proverb that I know that every African out there knows it. It's time for us to unite as one Africa and help change the narratives of Mama Africa. It's time for each and every African to be an ambassador for the continent.  So it's your duty, it's your responsibility to represent the motherland wherever you are. I'm so happy today, I don't know why because a sister is telling our own story in Accra Ghana. This is a black library and it's just incredible. Like I mean I'm here already and what I'm seeing I feel like I just can't wait to have a conversation with this beautiful sister who left the UK, came to Ghana and established something beautiful like this. It's time for us to support our own so I'm here to support this sister. So if you're watching me for the first time, my name is Mr. Ghana baby, the annoying village boy from Ghana. If today is your first time on this channel, please do me a favor. Subscribe and like the video to be part of this family. Let's hit the 500,000 subscribers by the end of this month. Come with me, let's go talk to this beautiful sister. Hi. Welcome to the library of Africa and Africa and Accra. Thank you so much. I've heard a lot about you and I really want to talk to you. Are you ready for me? We need to sit down and talk. Thank you. My sister. Hello. Do I still have to introduce myself? No, I think I know who you are. Oh, okay. All right. No need of introduction. So which means that you have to introduce yourself. My name is Sylvia Arthur and I was born and raised in London, but I'm of Ghanaian heritage. Obviously, I'm Ghanaian and I've been living in Ghana since June 2017 and I'm the founder of this library. Wow. You're born in the UK. Yes. Born and raised. Born and raised. I didn't come to Ghana. Yes, I didn't come to Ghana for the first time until my 20s. What brought you to Ghana in the first place? Do you know, I just finished university. It was turn of millennium almost and I was looking for something different and I felt there was something about my identity that was missing and my mum had started coming to Ghana quite a lot and I was wondering like why is she going to Ghana. She'd never spoken about moving to Ghana, never spoken about like living in Ghana and so I was interested in as to what she was coming back for and so I came myself for the first time in 1999 and I realised, okay, now I understand what she's coming back for because I just felt at peace. I felt like these are my people and yeah, I understood in the moment why she was coming back. You felt at peace. What are you saying? You're living in the UK, you're not having peace during that time? I definitely had peace but I think it's more about knowing who you are and when I came to Ghana, there were certain things about my identity and who I was that suddenly made sense that didn't make sense to me when I was in the UK. Now obviously when you're brought up in a western education system, the things that you're told about Africa is not the reality of how things are. What are the things that they told you about Africa? Oh you know, I mean obviously we're talking about the 80s, there was famine in Ethiopia, there was war in certain countries of Africa, so when we were growing up we were always teased about oh you know eating bananas and you know you can't you can't read, you can't write Africans are backward people and then obviously you come to Africa, you come to Ghana and you see that that's not actually how things are and it's an awakening and it's not that I didn't know that that's how things are, it's just that I think it's different when you come and see it and experience it for yourself. You moved to Ghana in 2017. Can you tell me why you moved to Ghana? Yeah so in my day job I worked with the European Commission, we just had Brexit in the UK, the Brexit referendum and you know things were not looking too good let's just say they weren't looking too good economically, socially, culturally the UK was totally changing and so you know where else but Ghana by that time I already had like an established connection I'd been coming and going you know maybe twice a year at that point and so when it came time to consider a move yeah Ghana was a natural a natural choice and how has the experience been it's been interesting I mean honestly I didn't think I would last three years so now I've been here for three years thank you it's just been it's been a challenge I'll have to say it's not as easy as people think to just pick up and you know go and move to Ghana I think the most difficult thing for me was a kind of adjustment in culture and pace of life and so for example in the UK I can maybe do three things a day four things a day I can go to east London south London west London and I'm from north London in Ghana in a car honestly if I'm going to a shimon where we have another library that's all I can do in that one day because a shimon it's not that it's far but the roads are you know not the best and so yeah it's just an adjustment of I think expectations and knowing that this is not the UK or it's not America it's Ghana and I think people come here thinking that they're going to get a lot from the country and yes you will but I think it's about you giving back to the country as much as you taking from the country and that's where people sometimes go wrong which means that I need to tell you to advise your fellow brothers and sisters who are looking forward to visit the continent what are the things that they need to be ready for like you know they are just moving from one continent to another so what are the things that they need to be ready for I think it's as I say you need to be very realistic about what you're coming to and you know I think one thing is that maybe certain little luxuries such as you know electricity and water you'll have to buy a generator maybe that's going to be money you know all those kind of things that people may may not be used to I think you really need to have like a real reality check and you know let's forget about that for now and you know the reason why I'm here yeah because I've got this beautiful library that's dedicated to African writers to me and I was like you know what I need to look for you yes and how do you find it like this is beautiful and incredible because I never even the person behind it is young and well I'm not saying you're too young but I mean like it's not I look young that's good let's yeah yeah you know let's let them take it like that I just want to know what really inspired you yet to start this beautiful library yeah I mean honestly sometimes I can't believe that I've done it because I walk in here and it is such a beautiful space but you know I've always been a reader since a very young age that's one thing that my parents especially my my dad who's no longer with us but he was also a reader and so I think that's where I got it from and he was a collector of vinyl so when I was really young my mum would take me to a shopping mall and all the children would be playing and I just want to go to the book shop so I've always been interested in reading I had all these books lying around at home because I've collected them over the years and what happened was is that I got a job in Brussels in 2010 and that's really when I started to collect and so it got to the point where I ran out of space in my apartment in Brussels for my books I ran out of space in my apartment in London for my books and my mum at that time was living in Kamasi and so I would ship the books back to her house in Kamasi and then every time I would go and see her I would think wow look at all these books that are not being read when there are people who could be using them it's such a waste so it was back in 2011 that I had the idea for the library but obviously I moved here in 2017 in June and then we opened the first library in December 2017 so it's been a journey it's been a journey yes this library I think it's a library of Africa and the African diaspora is it only black books in yes 95 percent of the books in here are by African and African descended authors so when we say African descended we mean obviously African African Caribbean African American black British black European anyone who is African descended in the world yeah we have their books have here is the total opposite of a library that you would have in the western world in that the focus here is totally on African writers and African descended writers so this shelf here is all African writers and we have books by 41 or books from countries from 41 countries of Africa's 54 so we have books here and then this middle section here is Ghanaian writers obviously we're in Ghana so we have to highlight our beautiful prolific writers here really quickly here we have African Caribbean writers from various islands across the Caribbean here we have black British and European yes this section here is poetry and then here we have politics as you can see African politics predominantly but also diaspora politics so you can see their Stokely Carmichael Malcolm X etc etc here we have books about the craft of writing from a black perspective and an African perspective here we have afrocentric books and you can see we've had some famous visitors to the library and so it's going to be there it's going to be there trust me it's going to be there and then here it's the only shelf that is not African descended writers this is world writers we call this world writers which is the opposite of when you go into a library in the western world there would be a tiny section that's called black writers which wouldn't even get to here so you know that's that and then here it's African American writers and you can see that we have everybody from the great such as Maya Angelo exactly my name is what am I oh yeah so there you go you've got your book you've got your writer your grandmother Maya Angelo and then very quickly here we have like a little archive container which has books in here that you won't find anywhere else in africa or even the world so signed um Kwameen Krummer autographed Kwameen Krummer and then the whole collection of i.e. Kwamei our first edition some of them signed some of them with letters so okay and so what we have here is the children's library and in this library we have books for children up until the age of about 16 and they are mostly by african and african descended authors and this is a really important shelf here so i don't know if you've heard of Emmanuel Fosso Yobua the Ghanian disabled Ghanian athlete that's a book about him um Schomburg from the united states from Puerto Rico in the united states Sulway by Peter Nyongo obviously Mandela here from south africa Wangari Mathai from Kenya so all of africa is represented in this children's library and all of the diaspora as well so even footballers as you can see Lukaku Venus and Serena Williams they're all here they're all here and what children's library have you been into where they have a portrait of Malcolm X or Alice Walker so yeah this is new and i feel like we need to promote you more so that a lot of Ghanian kids are definitely coming and not even Ghanian kids but someone like you who is so blank about african history but it's not just you i find that a lot of Ghanians are not just Ghanians probably Africans are blank about their history as well but you have to think about what our education is and what we've been taught even though obviously we have been independent for 63 years you know our education system is totally biased towards the western education system this is why you are important in here so you know what just tell me who are the people that you're looking for where to come and visit your library yeah so we welcome all kinds of people here i should say that you pay to be a member of this particular library and this library you pay we have two different memberships we have 600 Ghanian cities a year which is 50 cities a month or we have 1200 a year which is 100 cities a month and the differences between the number of books you can borrow so for 600 cities you can borrow two books at a time for 1200 you can borrow four books at a time but you can also use all the facilities in this library but we also have three free community libraries which is very important to say so we have a library in a shaman at the gem star school we have one in kumawu in the ashanti region and we have one in ensutem in the eastern region and they're completely free and before coronavirus we used to go especially to a shaman every second saturday and do reading and creative play activities with the children and that's definitely the best part of the work all right thank you so much for taking me around and now you need to answer these questions for me yes you've been in Ghana for three good years yeah do you believe that africa is a future i do i think it's the present and the future so yes definitely i mean if you look at the way that the world is going and the way that people are thinking now especially with the black lives matters protest etc a lot of people are thinking about africa in terms of relocation and i think that's a good thing obviously you know relocation yes so you believe that africa is home i believe that africa is home yes yes definitely can you tell your fellow brothers and sisters out there it's time to make africa home again i definitely think it's time to make africa home again i think first of all come explore try to spend a significant amount of time here your first time like don't come for two weeks three weeks because that's not enough to do anything you need to come for at least three months i think in the beginning and work out you know who you are where you are etc because i'll tell you something from the beginning it was really disorientating for me in the beginning walking around and seeing all these billboards with black people on it so for example i'd see a billboard for nivia or for you know a car and there'd be a black person in it i'd be like wow why is there a black person on that billboard like nivia is really doing well and then i remember oh i'm in a black country i'm in africa so why shouldn't there be a black person on the billboard so i think you know you really need to take time to readjust and that takes at least three months so come for an extended period of time if you can and then work out where it's best for you it might not be the city it might not be a cry it could be outside of the big cities and yeah explore and find your find your base so yeah there's something you didn't tell me what's that how do people find you in here okay so the best way to find us is to follow us on instagram and facebook so on instagram we're at low tad that's loa tad underscore org and so find us on instagram find us on twitter and also on facebook if you just search library of africa and the african diaspora we will come up um also i should say we do lots of events here related to african and diaspora literature so spoken word film screenings book readings talks and debates music performances so if you follow us on any of our social media channels you can find out what's happening and when exactly so upstairs is also library no so upstairs actually is a residential space so we rent out the three bedrooms upstairs which are all named after ghanian writers by the way and so if anybody wants to come and stay with us and have a unique travel experience here in gana here in akra definitely um dm me or message me and um i can give you the details about renting upstairs thank you so much i'm definitely going to spend a night here you should i have a lot to you've got a lot of reading to do so bye thank you see i went natural i left my nap thinking my black pro they try to say that my black was a natural


Good afternoon Foundation staff, this is Dr. Theron Sherman. Today's briefing does not contain any objectionable content, so let's begin. Item number SCP-6383 Object Class Non-Anomalous Special Containment Procedures SCP-6383 is stored in a specialized chamber, comprised of a combination of materials rating no higher than 0.5% on Foundation Anomalous Certainty Scales. Description SCP-6383 is a non-anomalous stop sign, constructed from materials identical to other traditional stop signs throughout the United States. All forms of sentience and near-sentient life, humans, anomalous entities, artificial sentience, plant life, have expressed feelings or symptoms of severe discomfort and anxiety when in SCP-6383's direct presence. This effect is non-anomalous and believed to be a fundamental response in nature. In contrast to all other forms of existing matter, SCP-6383 has yielded consistently negative results when tested for anomalous properties. SCP-6383 testing results Anomaly Certainty 0.0% Potential Object Class Non-Anomalous 100% Certainty APME Rating 0.0%, while the average APME rating for stop signs is approximately 45% over approximately 23%. In contrast, all other forms of life and other existences in the universe display a minimum of 0.5% when measured for anomalous properties, and at least a 0.3% likelihood of becoming anomalous in the future, via various circumstances or half-instance. Current anomalous prevention protocols and containment efforts to lessen such occurrences are ongoing. Due to these inherent properties, SCP-6383's nature is deemed enigmatic by all sentient beings, causing feelings of dissimilarity towards SCP-6383 in comparison to everything else in existence. Discovery Log SCP-6383 was discovered following event 6383-Alpha, a universal reality-altering event which resulted in all forms of existence obtaining various anomalous properties. This event had initially gone unnoticed due to a vast majority of these changes being minute and going unnoticed by the major population. In response, the Foundation developed the APME rating system to confirm changes between baseline normality as compared to before event 6383-Alpha. SCP-6383 was found several months after the event, having been the least affected by these alterations. Due to it being the sole remaining non-anomalous object remaining from before the event, SCP-6383 has been placed in a specialized exclusion chamber to decrease the risk that may come from exposure to the anomalous reality around it. Can confirm, that thing gives me the willies. Alright staff, that ends our broadcast. Use your Foundation encrypted YouTube account to like, comment, and subscribe, hit the bell, and support our broadcasts at patreon.com.site42. Secure, Contain, Protect Thank you for listening.  Please become a patron or visit our merch store at the link in our bio to support our work. Secure, Contain, Protect


Good morning guys. Welcome to another vlog. If you guys are new here, my name is Kinsey. I live in Dallas, Texas I'm 24. I almost said 23. I just turned 24. We have some cute birthday vlogs up and stuff But anyways today is a day that I'm prepping for my trip I leave for the Bahamas at like 3 a.m. I ordered so much clothing for this trip And I overnighted it like literally 10 days ago just to be safe and it still hasn't arrived So obviously there's bigger problems in the world. So like that's fine I just don't know what I'm wearing and I need to pack and stuff today Anyways, I'm taking you guys through a vlog where I'm prepping for a trip. My house is already clean I always like to come home to the clean house I worked out this morning So I just showered and I'm in like cozy clothes because I'm about to go get a wax Fun and give me no sense. So I also have some Starbucks here You know the check top where it's like girls with their iced coffee How many times do I reference tiktoks and blogs at this point guys? It's a lot Anyways, I have a lot of women in 30 minutes. So I'm just gonna head over that way get there early I don't like being late. I would much prefer to be like five minutes ten minutes fifteen minutes early Comment below if you were someone who arrives abnormally early to places or if you arrive just on time early Like being late is literally my worst nightmare I get to my workout class at 7 a.m. Every single morning at 6 45 so I can set up my mat and just sit there for 10 minutes Do do off to the Bahamas off to the Bahamas I already have anxiety about waking up at 3 a.m. to my flight tomorrow Does anyone get anxiety when you take a really early flight? I I feel it like days before I don't know why Okay, something I will never get over is how I was so afraid of getting a Brazilian Sorry, this is TMI, but like whatever I was so terrified of getting a Brazilian for years Like it was literally my biggest fear I was 23 which is you know weeks ago when I got my first one because I was so terrified of it And I just cannot trust you enough how they are not that bad like I was in and out in literally 11 minutes I love my girl. I go to Elizabeth at European Wax Center on Greenville in like Old Town. I really just cannot Express to you enough how they are not that bad like they're really not scary And it's a controversial take as people say they're like the most painful thing in the entire world But I literally it's to me. It's like fine. I don't know Okay, so task number one is done now. We're off to get my nails done for my nail inspo. I want to do colorful tips Kind of like this shape longer, so I guess more like this But it'll be like bright colors and do multi. Oh My gosh guys. I am the luckiest girl in the world. I ordered some jewelry from Princess Polly and clothes from misguided I like paid for exonetic shipping for both of them and I was worried they were gonna get here and they're both arriving today I am so happy. Okay. I'm now getting really excited for the trip. Honestly.  That's really exciting. I don't know if that makes sense Like I feel like things don't hit me sometimes Guys, I'm literally listening to notice out and wearing full disclosure. Yep. Yep. Yep. My nails are done I love them. That is my rug shedding in the corner I have been to my brows and my normal girl wasn't there and they look totally like okay. They're still red I look like a different person Maybe I'm just being dramatic, but I also like I'm not really picky about my brows. I just never want them to be smaller I like them thick. I just said I literally said I don't want anything to change I just want them cleaned up like same shape same everything. I'm not kidding probably five times and they're like So much smaller.  Okay guys. I'm home. I just self tan I'm gonna show you guys kind of a bit of my self tan routine for the past few hours I was just working on my laptop I don't know if I'm alone in this but sometimes actually like more often than not when I'm working from home And I'm just like sitting on my computer all day and then I look up and then I I feel kind of claustrophobic at my house And then I get like really anxious And then I just feel really weird I broke it up by self tanning still waiting for my packages to come So I haven't been able to like actually pack really I did start getting together my toiletries and I didn't make a list for packing I'm not always this organized honestly But I wanted I want to start being this overnight and this video is inspiring me to do it So I have my makeup case. This is from Zara. It's a terry cloth with my initials on it I've already been attacked for how this is Chuggy. I don't care. I have this which is like skincare toiletries Of course my up and away cleansing balm my favorite cleansing balm from Emily June Glow screen sunscreen, of course, I'm gonna bring some hair clips my bruce. I love this thing I don't work with them, but I fair truth brush every you guys all need one Bruce I would love to work with you because I genuinely use this toothbrush Obviously every single day they're not into myself tanning routine the one I will say the two things that have made the biggest difference one I got these exfoliating gloves I have an exfoliating towel and I think that that works You know that works great too when you actually have gloves on you have a lot more control And you can just really exfoliate like to the point where like you don't see anything also I will say using this an exfoliator. I love Which one so I love I like the parts exfoliator. I like Luxe unfiltered.  I wash my hands completely and then I will just take a little bit of self-tanner I kind of go over my hands like this and then it gives me a really natural tan on my hands because I Don't know I feel like this is the hardest part to tan on your body in a brush like this I will link one below that similar has changed my life next thing if you are able to get the Ashley Graham Self-tanner. I have that with me here. I have it I'm almost out and I don't want to be out so I don't want to touch it best self-tanner I've ever used I will link it below, but it's always on a stop I hope you think it a permanent thing because it is the best self-tanner ever It's really hydrating you doesn't make your skin super like dry and scaling gross can actually glows and looks healthier with it It's the most beautiful table another self-tanner that I love is the st. Tropez st. Tropez self-tanner express I really prefer express tanners because I'm just impatient always the man I like this tanner. I love Luxe unfiltered gradual tanner, but if I'm going on like a trip or something I'll use this Really good. I love loving tan body sands I mean, there's a lot that I this is what I use today If you want to entertain the last longer use a lotion, but specifically I would recommend the Luxe unfiltered conditioning body cream I use it in fragrance free. I don't really care though. Luxe unfiltered originally was like a self-tanned brand, right? So I really trust that her body creams because it elongates the tan and like they know what they're talking about with keeping your body Moisturized or a self tan. So I love this. It's also just like really good Lotion that is what I do for my self tanning routine and right guys It is only like 330 all I want to do is nap now I can't lie but my packages came in and I'm really glad they came in now I'm like so grateful because I was worried that I have to stay up late and like you guys know me Okay, also, I got this huge package from bare minerals and I'm gonna try the different lip gloss I'm gonna do imagination trying this out cute. Oh, it's moisturizing. I'll see how it looks Yeah, okay, so like see this is pretty much my dream of getting ready for a trip and like having this whole Thing out and then like I'm not gonna hang the clothes because that's too much work But it's pretty much my dream happening right now. All I want right now is a burger like that just sounds so good I haven't had a good burger in a while. I guess I'm doing a haul for you guys I'm also only going for like five days and I really went overboard in my opinion I will link everything that is available below as well by the way Okay, so I got these terrycloth shorts as a cover-up. I believe there's a matching Set with it. So I just thought this was so cute and these are really and I've seen them like pretty much everywhere recently I thought this would be really cute just for the beach and just throwing on over my swimsuit Okay, I've got these shorts with the intentions of them being like those. Okay. They look too big kind of I Don't know. They're supposed to be big. I wanted like the super mom Jean. I don't know I'm gonna try the mom. These are gonna potentially We'll see, you know, I don't know how I feel about these. Oh my god. This top is so cute. Wow I mean guys it is just so cute Also, I will be posting like so many photos from the trip and stuff So follow me on Instagram because you guys will see them all styled on there. I don't remember this side at all Oh, okay. This is just another little beach cover-up. It's white and sheer. Oh, important No, this is not sponsored by the way. I would love it to be though, but it's not so I had these sheer white Pants and then I have this sheer top another Swimsuit these are just some bottoms. Oh, I got one piece. I guess we'll try it You know, I don't really feel like trying on any of these clothes before I go so It's a gamble, you know Here's the matching Bottoms for that blue suit too. Cute. Cute You know what I'm really miss right now mommy burger in LA those burgers are bomb This is just like a little skirt for over your swimsuit really easy next thing. Oh Can you tell I'm happy that my clothes came this I didn't get for this trip But I might actually wear it on the plane now that I think about it I feel like that could be cozy with just sweats and a tank top like I'm into that look and I don't really need a hoodie So oh this dress I remember it seems so pretty. It looks like a lot of fabric It's just like one of those cute dresses and the ties Love this color. I forgot what this is. This is just like a little bandeau top this I am obsessed with this swimsuit top like Are you kidding the bottoms are like I just like I'm not Super into like the bathing suit trend where like your butt is completely out like for myself And I just feel like awkward in it But like that's pretty much the only ones available So I have backups that I really like as well. I forgot that one terry cloth set actually came with a top So that's cute.  Oh, this is another matching set leave I don't know. Oh, maybe not. Yeah, so this is um a cute little Outfit I Love these. I don't know how I would necessarily wear it though Because it's like so sheer and I want to wear it like out out So I'll have to find like cute stuff, but anyway, so that was really cute, too I'm gonna be tricky with a self tan now. Oh, yeah, I got this one piece. Hopefully I like these Oh Okay, oh Okay, so one of these swimsuits. Okay, so with these just normal black bottoms. It has this like halter top Like tankini almost it's so cute. Okay, so that is it for misguided I'll obviously have other things that I'm gonna wear like I'll show you guys This was actually sent to me this week by beginning boutique and There's this dress that I think is so cute. Like I love This little like matching set thing. I just think it's so cute By the way, it's not a spotter, but if you guys want 20% off my code is Kenzie 20 I know I got a lot of stuff bear with me.  Oh my god. I love these love these so much I feel like I'm gonna just bring a lot these earrings. I thought we're so cute and just like simple and Really perfect honestly. I wanted to do a lot of like colorful fun jewelry So I thought that this like little choker necklace would just be fun to add with stuff in like so fun I got some like inklets because I just felt like that would be really cute for the beach and like I don't know I don't really ever wear them, but I thought why not when I'm quite a little like accessory haul Shopping sprit these are I mean, they're just so cute. I'm obsessed. Oh, did I get two inklet sets? They like this inklet. No, these are different They're just so similar. It's like pink necklace that I think is so fun So I love all of this stuff. I just think it is the cutest last but not least This is not for the trip, but it was sent to me and I'm just opening it opening right now This is from pink Look cute back to Kenzie. So this looks pretty cute Thank you so much pink. Oh my god. Well first off. I love so soft. Oh a nice little cream matching sets I'll probably wear this isn't like an airplane today. Honestly.  I think I said cream. It's definitely beige matching said Highways campus joggers. I mean, this is cute. Why am I doing wrong here? This is really soft I'm definitely gonna bring this and it's also lightweight, which is like good for summer.  So thank you so much pink. Um, my like younger self is screaming right now Myself as well. Thanks pink. I'm crying. Also. It's just like my younger self I think I was my younger self only knew this stuff is so crazy. All right, so we have some outfits planned out right now It's a little bit tricky guys for swimsuits right now. I have one Two three Four five But I have ones in here I throw these out here just like two or three work outs that's because I asked UK if we're working out and she said she packs up I have this set that's like super small, but I feel like maybe the only time I'll even wear it is like in the Bahamas Okay, so I have one like really nice suit from Monday's swimwear. Actually, I would rather have Way too many swimsuits than not enough. Okay. I don't know where my triangle one is which is a bummer because I love that seal and it was expensive. I'm going through like my tops that I know I Love that are like flattering Just to bring them out or like more summery. I have like a potential Kind of thing so I'm gonna put these over here. Okay guys. I love you shorts I know they're definitely not gonna be everyone's like cup of tea But I went up a size so I got a size 8 and normally I'm between like a size 4 and a size 6 again I wanted these kind of like mom short things and they're cute over a suit too. You just like play around with them Also, this top is really messed up, but this top is cute. It's fine. And it's like good to have but I love these shorts They're so comfortable. I'm really impressed and I went up a size honestly almost two sizes, but I Really really love them. I just think that I will get so much wear out of them I wish that I had them all summer I would be like wearing these out with a cute top and like heels right now Like I will be getting so much use out of these so I will have them linked below. I Love them. I mean, they're like the perfect Short, I know a lot of you guys will think they're ugly, but I think they're really cool All right I have a lot of stuff here some jewelry and I haven't even packed like my normal stuff Swimsuits these are just tops. I'm just bringing a few tops that I think are cute I have like six dresses. So that's really enough to last me. I have one outfit That's like more clubby if I wanted to wear that I'm bringing these shoes because I haven't worn them yet and they're so cool I also have this which is like a matching set. So actually This is kind of here.  Here's like a cute little thing that pink just sent me in case I need sweats I'm gonna wear that on the plane in case I like want a sweater or whatever just a comfort ability And here are just some tops some like tanks and more fun Tops in case and then I have two pairs of shorts and a pair of jeans Yeah, I feel like this is good pretty much for clothing So I'm gonna try to fit everything in like this is gonna be quite a mess. Don't get me wrong Also, I'll probably wear these on the plane. So that's like one last pair of shoes for the plane ride These shoes are talked about them before but they are Steve Madden. I want them in every single color I'm the biggest fan of Steve Madden shoes. I have been like my entire life But they are so comfortable I can do an entire night out in these and I'm the biggest wimp when it comes to like shoes in general I literally wear boots and sneakers every time I go out, but I wear these out because they're so comfortable For the plane tomorrow, I have most things packed up. I have all of my clothes Swimsuits all that stuff I have like one little laundry kind of need to put away and then I'll put the rest in Besides like my jewelry bags and my carry-on which would be really easy But I'm actually really pleased with how much has fit in here. Alright, so here's my suitcase, you know Closing this is gonna be interesting But I have all of this and going through my list that I made like look at how organized this is I'm not organized to the point where I tried on all the outfits and I took photos So I like would know, you know one day I'll get there I like shouldn't need anything else in a suitcase that I might make it backpacks skincare Razor. Oh, I put it in here and that's like a little zipper bag. So hopefully that's good A hair tool with this will be for my carry-on. I have it as possible. I have my passport out I just need to grab my ice roller and then put the rest in there, but I'm feeling good about this I'm gonna try to close my Beautiful cowboy hat. This is Devin Carlson's collab With black of color. I'm obsessed, but my suitcase is packed. That's good. I have my clothes out for tomorrow Okay, so since I'm having this random anxiety I'm actually gonna take some of these. I'm also gonna pack them. They're just gaba calming support Little pills. I'm gonna take two of them in a morning reading book I always like to have a journal because I have a little sunglasses case Unfortunately, the new sunglasses I just got that I love. I can't find I know I have my little toiletries bag Mainly because it's like stuff that I might use tomorrow or whatever in the morning I've had isn't undone things yet, but I have this case. So I'll end up putting that in here I always take this with me when I travel and I just throw it in the little mini fridge and It helps so much with your face because my face will get really puffy on a plane my passport my ID basically Two most important things that I own And this will all just kind of go in here and then we're gonna go up top is in there iPad is almost in there iPad charger can no Kindle ice roller passport so in the morning all I have to grab is my Kindle iPad a Kindle charger vlog camera charger and then I'm good to go Last but not least I will tell you which books I downloaded for the trip. I read these three books this week So those are not for the trip. I have where the glasses green and the girls are pretty I randomly pick this up I had no idea what it was about and I just started. It's pretty good. I'm gonna read that tonight I am going to fully download the Golden Girl book have some business books completely downloaded By the way, I really liked that one. I thought it was really cute. Check this I can dig it into what I thought It was cute. I'm reading stop walking in eggshells I have a lot of nonfiction that I'm just kind of going throughout but the trip for sure I have this one. I'm gonna download Golden Girl and I just put so much spot treatment on like way too much way more than I needed I showered off my tan It is only like 7 p.m.. But honestly I might just take melatonin and go to bed as soon as possible because I have To wake up at 2 30, but I hope you guys enjoyed this video of me prepping for my trip from the wax to the nails to the Packing to the outfits to the package drama, you know Anyways, I love you guys so much and I will see you guys in the Bahamas. Okay. Bye It was a one-bedroom apartment downtown LA. Yeah, and we had parties there all the time all the time all the time I remember the balcony. I remember Puppy is a cocoa. Yeah, Coco. Yeah, I yeah those were some good nights though. Those were really fun You had a lot of fun. Oh my god. Wow


What's going on everyone? Sam here with Layton Sports Cards and I'm ripping one box of 2021 Penini Phoenix Football for Mike W. So good luck Mike.  Maybe a gold vinyl of some sort. That'd be so sick. Yeah, stop by at some point, CJ. For sure, man. Love to have you in. Got A Space, uh, Digi Zua, got DJ Chart to 150, 199 on the pink. Sorry if I'm a little rusty on the prism colors. Flamethrowers of Aaron Rodgers on the Phoenix colors. We've been doing a lot of prism. So it's a little bit, I'm a little bit more used to the, uh, the prism colors. Michael Carter got Devonta Smith on the, uh, Aqua to 149. Eagles. Nice one there. And then Trace Sermon Silver on the back. Silver Rook. Or pull like a case head, a Phoenician or volcanic or something. Be really cool too. Uh, Marques Brown, Baron Browning Rookie, got Marques Stephenson Red to, uh, 250, 249, 250 on the red. Nice one there. Also got Justin Fields Heatwave on the back. Silver Rookie. There you go. Grats on that one there. Uh, Mike. Uh, it looks like our auto in here. Uh, JC Horn got Hunter Long Rookie Autograph. Silver, not numbered. Nice one there. For the Finns. Could be a good Titan too down there. And then Hot Routes, Silver's Chris Godwin for the Bucks. Big RPI. Big RPI. That's what I want to see. A Yellow in this one. Uh, Zach Wilson Rookie. There you go. Nice one there. Uh, for the Jets. Find that to 75. It's going to be a Justin Tucker on the Yellow. For the Vens. Nice one there. Nice Ravens, uh, color. And Joel Montana on the Silver Flamethrower. Ooh, I'm jealous of this card. Moss, Diggs, Farmore. Got Hot Routes on the pink to 199 of Darren Waller. Or 175, excuse me. The inserts are usually numbered different. Uh, how about a color burst of Lamar Jackson? One of these per box. That's awesome. Nice Lamar. Like, I'm a big Ravens fan, so I am jealous of that. Nice hit for you there, uh, Mike Richie Grant. Got Nick Bosa on the teal. To, oh no, the green, excuse me. This is a green to 25. The greens and the teals look very similar, but there's, you can see the 25 on back. Teals are, uh, higher numbered. Uh, Silver Hot Routes of Julio. This one feels thick. Think we got, yeah, we got a hit in here. See who it's going to be. Wow, I'm really missing the trash here. Uh, Tutu Atwell got nice to 75. Rookie Duel, Kyle Trask, RPA. Nice hit for you there, Mike. That's sick. Again, that is to 75. That is five of 75 on the Trask. Nice Trask.  Uh, Heat Waves, Silver of, um, AJ Brown. Yeah, I don't, I don't dislike, uh, I don't, yeah, I don't dislike, uh, Bateman. Uh, Cornel Powell got orange, sorry about that. They say it got orange to one night, er, to 99 of Calvin Joseph to the Cowboys. And Silver Flamethrowers is Brady. I think, I think Bateman can be really good. It's just like, I love Lamar. He's just like, it's like the, the scheme. It's tough to be a real, like, succeed as a receiver in Baltimore right now. Uh, Shy Smith got Hot Routes Jarvis Landry. I believe that's the teal. Nope, that is also a green to 25. Nice. On the Jarvis. Now a New Orleans Saint. Grats on that one. Mike and a Silver Jacoby Myers on back. It's got Newton, the Sean Watson, Joe Tryon, got Nick Bosa putting together this rainbow to 125 on the purple. Nice Nick Bosa and Cadarius Tony on the Silver Rookie Rising for the Higantes and should have our patch in this, uh, this pack. That looks like we do. Uh, Fitzmagic, Davencook, Givante on the Rookie. Then to 99, the Cardinals got a Rondale Moore Jumbo Purple Patch. Nice one there. Cardinals. And, uh, Silver Hot Routes of Raymond Cooks to 99. That'll do it for your break there, Mike. Congrats on all the hits. Get those right out to me and thanks again.


The former chairman of the now defunct pension reform task team, Abdul Rashid Mena, has been sentenced to eight years imprisonment. Justice Okona Bang of the Federal High Court will read the judgment and Abuja said Mena was found guilty of money laundering. The court held that the prosecutor, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, EFCC, produced essential evidence through weaknesses called to prove beyond reasonable doubt that Mena was guilty of money laundering in the sum of 171 million Naira. The court added that Mena called only one witness to his defense when he had the opportunity to call as many as he could. The evidence in chief of the witness did not help the defendant as they did not relate to the charges against the defendant. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Stop manually converting a date to day of week or month name and instead use this simple Excel formula. Start your formula with the equal sign and then write the word text. Next, select your cell containing the date value and then within quotations, we're going to do four lowercase ds to identify we want the long form day name and then copy that down the entire range. Next, for month, we'll be using exactly the same formula. However, this time in quotations we'll be doing a lowercase m four times to identify the long form month name. If however you want short form for both the day of the week and the month, all you need to do is enter three characters rather than four. Please don't forget to hit that like button if you enjoyed this video.


after a big week of results this week we have some big changes in the top 10 and some big names getting trophies for the first time in a long time let's go to the past results and start with that because on the wta we had one tournament and on the atp we had three second look at the past results starting at the doha open for the wta a wta 500 event and igash fjontek defending her title defeating pagula in the final 636 love she had a hell of a week defeating everybody at least six love in one of the sets so well and truly deserved in delray beach we had fritz defeating catch menovich six love five seven six two to lift another trophy in his career and he got a little boost in the rankings because of it at the argentina open carlos alcraz back for the first time on tour for a long time defeating nori 6 3 7 5 and he closes the gap on the world number one jochovic and at the rhododem open an atp 500 event daniel mevvedev winning his first trophy of the year against janik sinner five seven six two six two and mevvedev got a big boost in the rankings you'll find out in a second let's get to the players that have gone up in the rankings this week from the atp and wta to a mukava she goes up 11 spots to 112 in the world slowly getting back into the top 100 grigsport who got to the semifinals of rhododem and he goes up to a career high number 40 in the world 21 spots higher than last week and various he's up 20 spots to 81 in the world a career high for him as well so some big results there for some players and getting some big boost in the rankings having looked at the players that have gone down on the rankings this week osta panko she's gone down six spots to number 20 in the world after failing to defend the points that she won in doha last year on drusiva she's gone down 28 spots to outside the top 100 102 in the world and for nini he's gone down 20 spots to number 86 in the world after also failing to defend the points that he won this time last year so some names there that have dropped down big time and we'll have to play well this week to try and maintain their ranking starting with the wta rankings now and no big changes at the top fjontec adding to her total and getting even further ahead at number one savelenko is back this week in dubai she's at number two we do have a change in the middle with pagula going up one spot after making the final of doha pushing jaber down to number four gasia stays at number five with goff at number six closely followed by sakiri number seven kazakhina stays at eight with benchage just behind at number nine and we're back in a rounds out the top 10 for this week and out of those 10 players nine of them are playing in dubai this week which is worth a thousand points or big chunk of points up for grabs this week having a look at the race of the finals now and things are starting to look interesting starting at the top with savelenko still at number one after winning the australian open and rebakina at number two thanks to the australian open final but balinda benchik she is closing the gap between her and rebakina at number three adding a few points to her total this week and we have a change in the middle with pagula going up two spots to number four in the race of the finals pushing azarenka and linette down to number five and six respectively and another change down the bottom with fjontec getting into the top eight for the first time this year 14 spots higher than last week after winning in doha pushing gasia down to number eight kutubatova also got a rise going up to number nine with koko goff coming into the top 10 again at number 10 with zuvekic and ostapenko all dropping out of the top 10 to the race of the finals having a look at the ATP rankings now and no change at the top with jokovic still at number one but elkerez closing the gap there on points at number two since he passed still at number three with rudder number four rublev at five just behind him is raffer at six taylor fritz though closing the gap between those guys after a win in delray beach at number seven but we have a change in the bottom with daniel mevvedev getting back in the top 10 for the first time in a couple of weeks going at three spots into number eight spot after winning in rhododam pushing down ojalia seam to number nine runa to number 10 and her catch drops out of the top 10 again this week looking at the race of the finals now and things are starting to take some shape with jokovic still at one since he passed adding to his total last week in rhododam to state number two hash number three poll stays at four with some changes to the middle sinner going up three spots to number five after making the final in rhododam fritz also going up to number six after winning in delray beach and daniel mevvedev going up 28 spots to number seven after winning in rhododam so one week can change a lot to start the season nori also got a boost he goes up two spots to number eight after making the one is aries final pushing shelter down to number nine four spots lower than last week and grigsport after making the semifinals rhododam he gets into the top 10 four spots higher than last week pushing quarter and lehachka out of the top 10 completely this week they have it they are the rankings for this week and a lot of movement to the rankings especially the race of the finals those are going to get changed pretty much every week until probably the clay court season when things might settle down a bit or maybe even after the french open after those big points but let me know down the comments below is there any shock for you in the rankings it seems like the players that have played well for the first two months are starting to get recognized in that top 10 and it's really starting to you know see the familiar names you're getting schveontech in the race of the finals mevvedev back in the top 10 but big points up for grabs in the next couple of weeks let me know down the comments below what's been the biggest shock for you in the rankings this week


This week has been a very exciting one for Rustations because on Monday, the White House put out a press release saying that future software should be memory safe. And they also linked to a report from the OWNST, the Office of the National Cyber Director, calling on the technical community to proactively reduce the attack surface in cyberspace. And in this technical report titled Back to the Building Blocks, A Path Towards Secure and Measurable Software, Rust was specifically mentioned as one of the tools that could be used to achieve this goal. So what they mean here by software that is memory safe is software that you know isn't vulnerable to bugs and attacks that exploit memory access. One of the more well-known memory access errors that you might have seen is level 256 in the game Pac-Man. The root cause of this glitchy unbeatable map is the fact that the number 256 cannot fit within 8 bits of memory. The highest number you could have is 255. So the level counter for the game ends up overflowing back to zero. And that ultimately causes the algorithm that draws fruit in the bottom right hand side of the screen that represents the current level to go haywire. And it tries to draw 256 fruit icons onto the screen. And of course that quickly goes outside of the bottom right area where the icons are usually contained in. And it wraps around to the top level of the map and starts overwriting pieces of the level with icons. And also the fruit drawing algorithm itself ends up accessing parts of memory that it's not supposed to. So after a few icons, it's not even drawing fruit anymore. It's drawing other stuff as icons to the screen. So this memory bug causes level 256 in Pac-Man to be unbeatable. But that's a fairly mild bug compared to what malicious hackers can do with memory bugs in online software or software that they're able to interact with in some way. Oftentimes those memory issues can be exploited to get the vulnerable system to just execute the hackers code and ultimately give them full control over the system. Or it can be used to read out sensitive areas of the system's memory like usernames and passwords that you obviously wouldn't want some random person to be able to view. Memory issues are responsible for something like 80% of the critical bugs that we hear about in the Infasec world. So of course this is where Rust is going to come in, right? This is the perfect fit for Rust since memory safety is one of the core principles of Rust. But I think it's important to point out, even though I love Rust, that it isn't the only answer. And it's not even the best answer a lot of the time. And hopefully if you go and read this article for yourself you'll see that it really isn't so much about recommending that people use Rust for writing new software. But rather it's recommending that people should avoid writing new software in languages like C and C++ that are much more prone to memory errors. Because most languages these days, most of the modern languages actually are memory safe since the developer doesn't ever have to deal with memory directly. Like Python, C-Sharp, Go, and Java, they all have automatic memory management in the form of garbage collection. And even though these languages weren't mentioned in this White House memo, they were mentioned in memos that were published by the NSA, CISA, and other agencies a couple of months ago. Those other languages are perfectly fine and actually better for building certain kinds of programs than Rust, unless you're really proficient in writing Rust code. But if you need to design really fast software, software that has a very minimal run time and is running closer to the kernel, or even a real-time operating system that's as memory safe as possible, then Rust is probably going to be the best tool for the job, right? And in part two of the Onest technical report, they talk about how space, like outer space, is one of the frontiers in which Rust could really shine. It reads here that the space ecosystem is not immune to memory safety vulnerabilities, of course. However, there are several constraints in space systems with regards to language use. First, the language must allow the code to be close to the kernel so that it can tightly interact with both software and hardware. So it's got to be a systems programming language. Second, the language must support determinism, so the timing of the outputs are consistent. And third, the language must not have or be able to override the garbage collector, a function that automatically reclaims memory allocated by the computer program that is no longer in use. So that overrides all those other higher-level languages that I was talking about with garbage collectors and, you know, they're high-level, right? So they're not interacting really low to the kernel like CC++ and Rust is. So according to experts, both memory safety and or both memory safe and memory unsafe programming languages meet these requirements. At the time, the most widely used languages that meet all three priorities are C and C++, which of course are not memory safe programming languages. Rust, one example of a memory safe programming language, has the three requisite properties above, but has not yet been proven in space systems. Further progress on development tool chains, workforce education, and fielded case studies are needed to demonstrate the viability of memory safe languages in these use cases. So it's right here in black and white folks. Rust looks very promising for use in space systems and with a little bit more testing, Rust very well could become the recommended programming language of the space age. I mean, it makes sense that if mankind is ever able to achieve fully automated gay space communism, that the underlying code powering that automation would be written in Rust. We could become a species that travels the galaxy in total luxury. Everyone will have their own personal robot Fenboy assistant, whose AI is written in memory safe Rust to guarantee blazingly fast results with no seg faults. It's gonna be beautiful. In all seriousness though, I really like this endorsement like the government endorsement of Rust because I think the biggest downside to learning Rust right now besides just the pure learning curve, like especially if you don't have any experience with systems programming languages. Besides the learning curve, the biggest downside is the lack of jobs that are available out there for Rust developers. Because for a lot of people, possibly even most people, they learn programming like not necessarily so much as a hobby or a passion or anything like that. It's something that they learn to make money. It's just like how I would imagine any other field of engineering is. There's probably some guys out there that are really excited about petroleum extraction, but I would imagine for a lot of the people that get into that field, it's, oh yeah, the whole world runs on oil so I can make a lot of money by learning this field. And it's not to say that people aren't good at that, right? There's obviously plenty of talented programmers out there who are just coding for the money, but because they're coding for the money, they probably are not learning Rust, at least not yet. Now, learning Rust to make money or programming in Rust to make money is becoming more and more viable as big tech companies have started using Rust in their software stack, so obviously they've got to hire people to do that programming. But most of the job listings for Rust that you're going to see on places like rustjobs.dev are still just looking for blockchain development because there's a couple of different blockchains like Solana, for example, that's written in Rust and they use Rust as the language for writing. They're smart contracts. And of course, with blockchain development and also I guess kind of with AI development, there's some people who don't want to get involved in it because they think that it's just a fad, right? Or it's just something that's only going to be a temporary job and not really a career, right? Obviously, I don't feel that way about it, but you know, this is just how people think when they're looking for jobs. So government Rust jobs could be really attractive to a lot of people, especially those career-minded people or people that want a lot of stability because government jobs by their nature tend to provide a lot of stability, right? Like essentially your boss has unlimited money that he could potentially pay you, right? The only thing that I worry about though with the government starting to hire people to do Rust jobs or wanting projects to be written in Rust is an increased cost of development. Because like I said, Rust is a challenging language to learn. Like I would say it's probably the hardest mainstream language to learn. And it's not just because it's a low-level language. Like obviously that adds a degree of difficulty to it. And also another case with low-level languages is that implementing certain things like a web server in Rust or C or C++ is going to take many more lines of code than implementing that in a language like Go. But the biggest thing that makes Rust so difficult is the memory safety. The fact that Rust compiler will not let you compile code that isn't memory safe. So it takes much longer, especially if you're not experienced with Rust, to just get any program written in Rust to compile at all. So combine that with the fact that the government tends to give projects out to the lowest bidders. And we could see billions of dollars in taxpayer money just being thrown at devs to fight with the borrowchecker all day to get something to compile, like something like a Hello World program to compile. That could become a reality if Rust evangelism goes too far in the federal government. But my hunch is that even this potential increase in the cost to just ship government code like to get anything programmed in the first place is going to pale in comparison to the money saved from eliminating like three out of four critical security exploits across these government systems. But tell me your thoughts in the comments below. Are you excited for government Rust, federally endorsed Rust? Or would you rather a different safe language like Zig get endorsed? Or should people just get good and write better C and C++? Like and share this video to hack the algorithm and buy my merch from my online store based.win where you can save 10% off your entire order automatically at checkout by paying in Monero XMR. Have a great rest of your day.


I've got a lot in store for you for this January when it came down to voting for the next series by my patreon viewers they was kind of split between real-life programming and Addresses in location, so I decided to do both first in January will be looking mainly at real-world applications Which are mainly projects that I've been working on I'll give you a quick overview of each one and how they work and a quick overview of the code itself So be sure to check those out, but also throughout January I'll be doing sporadic little videos just on other topics some of them are viewer questions amongst other things and then once Ferry comes around we'll get into addresses and locations. Well, we'll look at you know GPS stuff and Going from GPS to address and back again taking an address and making sure that everything is Properly formatted and some mapping stuff as well We'll get coding from shell script to java script and everything in between not everything in between, but It'll be a lot of stuff that we'll look at on those topics, so I want to thank everyone for watching I hope you look forward to this month again this first month, January This new year will be kicking off with a bunch of little videos here and there, but the regular videos on Wednesdays will be on Applications and programs that I have been working on and just an overview of each of those Which of course are free open source and up on github. I thank you for watching Please visit my website filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris the K There should be a link in the description as always. I hope that you have a great day Okay, this is an introduction to Filmsbychrist.com I'm Chris. That's Chris the K That's me right there my daughter ember and my wife Jennifer We pretty much live in the swamps of Florida I'm a firefighter by day as well as by night. We work long hours, but that's not why you're here You're here about the videos. I put up on YouTube These videos are mainly about computers and Programming which means most of my videos look something like this And if that's what you're interested in great, if not, that's all right I do videos on other topics too such as video editing special effects photo editing 3d design and music creation If you are one of my viewers and you enjoy my videos my patreon page is a place we can go to help support my videos So I ask that you take the time to go to my patreon page and look at different levels of rewards You can receive for different levels of backing There should be a link in the description of this video if you were watching it on YouTube Otherwise you can visit patreon.com forward slash metal x1000 and I thank you for your time and your support Have a great day


So, let us before we go to the next example, let us revisit once more the example that we just saw with where the agents had imperfect but identical measurements. So, in this case, notice that when the agents have imperfect but identical measurements, then effectively what we are doing is what is happening here is that when the whatever be the measurement, see whether it is omega 1 or omega 2, the agents were both agents were playing the same action. So, this agent was, so the action of agent 2 in this particular policy was to choose R in this case and action of agent 1 was to choose U. So, what appeared in the cause therefore was U, R in this case and similarly U, R in this particular case. Now, however of course, the cost itself changes because you have, because it the cost also depends on the value of psi. So, when it is omega 1 here, you have 0 whereas when it is omega 2 here, you have 3, so the cost itself changes. But nonetheless, there is something to be exploited here because both agents have the same information, we can actually try and make a sort of smart use of that particular piece of information that we have about the problem. So, in order to do that, let us look at this expression once again, the expression that we have for J. So, remember J of gamma 1, gamma 2 is the expectation of L of gamma 1 of y 1, gamma 2 of y 2, comma psi. But now, because both agents have the same information, what we realize is that y 1 is equal to y 2, these two are actually equal, they both because, this is because both agents get the same information. So, therefore, what we can do is the following, we can write this as expectation of L of a new function gamma tilde of y, where y is this common information of both agents. So, y here is equal to y 1 equal to y 2 and gamma tilde, gamma tilde is simply a function which takes a pair of instead of taking instead of taking one action, it actually takes a pair of actions. So, the pair of actions that it takes is gamma tilde 1, gamma tilde 2 and its pair of actions is drawn from this set, it is drawn from the set u, comma d cross Cartesian product with L, comma r. So, it can take one of, so this Cartesian product basically talks of this, it is all the pairs that are possible here, so it is u, comma it comprises of u, the pair u, comma l, it comprises u, comma r, d, comma l, d, comma r is this is where this is the, these are the pairs of that these are the pairs that that omega tilde, the gamma tilde can take its values in. So, thanks to this effectively what we have done is we have now written out this new problem now just looks like a problem with one agent, one agent having an information y equal to y and whose actions are taken in this set of pairs. Now, why is this equivalent to the earlier one, well it is easy to see because now when I all I need to do is when I in order for me to specify a policy now, what I have to do is write the values of gamma tilde, gamma tilde for each value of each value of y and y being equal to y 1 equal to y 2 as can take two possible values. So, so you have y equal to omega 1 stroke omega 2 or y equal to omega 3 and in each of these cases you have some value, you have a you have a possible value for gamma tilde. So, gamma tilde itself can take values from this set of four possible four different values, you know each value being a pair of pair of actions here, right. So, for example, one strategy is as an example, one strategy could be that this is equal to equal to the strategy where you take say omega in in the case of omega when when the this thing is omega when the information is omega 1 or omega 2 you play the strategy D, you play the paired action D, R and when it is omega 3 you play the paired action D, L. So, what is this particular strategy, well once you substitute this you realize that you can see what this is, this is actually the expectation of this becomes the expectation of D, R, sorry this because this the the cost of this policy becomes L of D, R times comma psi but psi itself remember is can take two different values omega 1 or omega 2. So, it is omega 1 times probability of omega 1 plus L of D, R comma omega 2 times probability of omega 2 plus L of D comma L comma omega 3 times probability of omega 3.  So, as you can see what we have done is by combining these two agents into one agent this and who plays the strategy gamma tilde the combined agent plays the strategy gamma tilde we basically reduce this problem to a single agent problem. So, and this is j of D, D comma R, L in fact, if you recall was in fact R the optimal policy that we had it was equal to 0 points which was whose value was equal to 0.6 right. So, so why have we been able to do this combination the reason we have been able to sort coalesce gamma 1 and gamma 2 into a into into into one into one function which can take whose values are simply a pair of values is the reason we have been able to do that is because we have we have this here which is we have y 1 equal to y 2 and that is what we are denoting by y. So, because we have been because y 1 is equal to y 2 there is it is essentially there are really no instead of two different functions it is actually equivalent to having one function but taking a vector of values or a pair of values and that is that is the only little simplification that has been done here and that then effectively makes it a single agent problem. So, the lesson in short is that once agents have identical information the there is barely no nothing multi agent about this problem the the the two agents can be thought of as one one agent just taking value whose who just takes actions in a different space right. So, all the complexities in team problems therefore arise when agents have non identical measurements agents having imperfect or perfect measurements but having identical measurements reduces the problem to a single agent problem right. It you can also see that this this problem can reduces in in some ways to to a to also a problem of perfect information. See one can one can do the looking at this this cost expression here what one can do is one can come take take this come this particular combined cost as as the cost of as the cost of a new event which is omega 1 stroke omega 2 right. So, we can we what we can do is we can we can come we can write out the following. So, we can think of a new event so we can think of omega as comprising of not 3 but 2 events the first event is omega 1 stroke omega 2 the third is the second event is omega 3 itself and now what is the probability of omega 1 stroke omega 2 this this is probably is what was the erstwhile probability of omega 1 or omega 2. So, this is equal to 0.6 and the probability of omega 3 remains the same it is equal to 0.4. Now, what happens to what is then the cost in this event in the cost in this event. So, if you have any pair of actions a comma b and if you if you wanted to define the cost for this well this cost can be thought of in the following way this is this cost can be thought of as the cost of taking action a comma b in omega 1 plus times the probability of omega 1 plus the cost of taking action a comma b in omega 2 times the probability of omega 2 divided by the total probability of omega 1 and omega 2. So, effectively what you are doing is taking a weighted average of the of the cost corresponding to omega 1 and omega 2. So, now with we can now once we can basically just think of the problem as if it is on it is on this new space here the new space let us denote it by omega tilde it is as if it is on this new space omega tilde and where the new event here omega 1, omega 1 stroke omega 2 occurs with probability equal to 0.6 and you can see that you can check for yourself that these this will all come down to the same earlier earlier expression. So, what is happening is a problem with imperfect measurements but with identical measurements for both agents is not only equivalent to a problem with one agent having that information but in fact equivalent to that one agent having perfect information itself because we can you know remodel the cost and remodel the space of events in such a way that the information is effectively you know perfect on that remodeled space. So, this is this is a little bit of a digression but it helps you think of what really is the complexity when we have when we have team problems like this. So, team problems the in team problems the complexity all arises from the diversity or asymmetry of information with the agents. If multiple agents have the same information then there is not much you know there is not much interesting that is going on because in many ways it is really a single agent problem there. So, with this lesson let us take another example which is also kind of extreme example but let us do it for completeness sake which is suppose both agents get none of the agents get any measurements whatsoever. So, this in this case so we are assuming the case of no measurements. So, here is another example suppose you have no measurements. So, this is a special case of identical measurements but rather extreme special case because we are assuming no there is no information with the agents. Now, if agents do not have any information whatsoever then their action is the same regardless of the value of the of psi. So, the value of psi does not affect their information the information they get is a constant independent of the value of psi. So, as a consequence of that their actions are also a constant. So, agents therefore have to pick only here not a policy but just an action one for each agent because there is nothing that they have to decide as a function of their information. So, there are as a result to there are only two policies and two trivial policies for the for both agents. The agent one can choose the policy to always play up or always play down and agent two can choose the policy to always play left or always play right. So, the therefore the cost matrix then becomes something like this. It is easy to write it out we will just quickly write this out. So, you have agent two here agent one here agent two can take action either left or right agent one can take up or down and you can evaluate what the what the cost would be by using the same logic as above. It turns out that if it is UL it is 1.3, if it is UR it is 1.7, if it is DL it is 1.5 and if it is DR it is 1.4. And then in that case it is easy to see that the optimal the optimal cost is 1.3 and the optimal policy is to for agent one to always play U and agent two to always play L regardless of anything else. So, they do not get any information this is all they have to do. So, this here is another example. So, let us call this example 3. Now let us look at another more involved example. In this example now we have non-identical measurements for both agents. So, this is the example with non-identical. So, in this case what we will assume first because we are building up things slowly we will first we will assume first that the case where the first agent gets no information. So, Y1 is empty regardless of the value of omega regardless of the value of psi. So, Y1 is empty. So, the first agent gets no information, but the second agent here gets to see the exact value of psi. So, you can say Y2 is belongs to. So, Y2 here belongs to either omega 1 or omega 2 or omega 3. So, he gets to see the exact value of this of the exact value of psi. So, in other words I1 you can say is equal to sigma of this one set he gets omega 1, omega 2, omega 3. So, this is essentially saying that regardless of what happens of the value of psi whether it is omega 1 or omega 2 or omega 3 agent 1 has no way of distinguishing. Agent 1 can just cannot tell whether it is omega 1 that has occurred or omega 2 or omega 3. So, for him they are all identical that is equivalent to him getting no information. Agent 2 on the other hand is information is sigma of these individual sets. So, he can tell if omega 1 occurs, omega 2 occurs or omega 3 occurs separately. So, this is what agent 2 can distinguish. Now, how many policies are there for each agent? So, now let us do this calculation a little more closely. Agent 1 because he has no information his policies are trivial. He just has to choose an action because there is nothing to base the action on. So, he can choose he has two different actions. So, he has two different policies and these policies let us denote them as U and D. So, he has two policies U and D. Now, agent 2 on the other hand he has a much more finer amount of information and he can make use of this information to decide his action. So, agent 2 can now choose he has to choose an action for every possible piece of information that he gets. His information can take three different values it is omega 1, omega 2, omega 3 and he can take his action can take two different values which is L and R. So, the number of policies for this for agent 2 then becomes 2 raised to 3 that is because for every piece of information which is omega 1 or omega 2 or omega 3 he has two possible actions. So, he can take action L or R in omega 1, L or R in omega 2, L or R in omega 3. So, this gives rise to two choices for each value of psi and therefore two raised to 3 or equivalent or essentially eight different policies. So, so he agent 2 has agent 2 has eight possible policies. So, now what do we how do we list these policies out well in we can list them out in a very simple way when I can say well the if I want to write out here a policy in which let us say gamma 2 of y 2 takes well equal to a, b, c if y 2 equals omega 1, y 2 equals omega 2 and y 2 equals omega 3. So, a policy this is a description of a policy but we can write this more briefly as something like this a, b, c. So, this is a policy. So, for instance if I for example you could have a policy it is saying say L, L, R L, L, R here would be this here is a policy in which if omega 1 here is the information then the agent plays L agent 2 plays L if omega 2 is the information then also he plays L and if omega 3 is the information then he plays R. So, you can see here there is going to be there are going to be eight different combinations like this. So, once again we can now write out j of omega 1, omega 2 for every j of sorry gamma 1, gamma 2 for every value of gamma 1, gamma 2. So, this is going to be an even bigger table. So, let me make some space here to write this out. So, this for agent 2 the choices are as I said quite simple agent 2 has to choose either up or down, agent 1 sorry agent 1 the choices are simple he has to choose either up or down and for agent 2 he has those eight different policies. So, he let me write out these policies first policy is L, L, L this is effectively the policy where agent 2 is always playing L regardless of what information he has another policy is L, L, R a third policy is L, R, L another policy is L, R, R another policy is R, L, L then L, R sorry R, L, R and R, R, L and finally last policy is R, R, R. So, I actually do not need such a big table I can make this shorter like this. So, now what we can do is as we have done before we will fill out the values of J for each pair of policies for each policy like this. So, I will fill this out we can compute them exactly in the same way as we did before. So, let us fill these out it turns out here it is 1.3 here 1.7, 1.6, 2, 1.0, 1.4, 1.3, 1.7, 1.5, 2.3, 1.2, 2 again 0.9, 1.7, 0.6 and 1.4. So, this is the table of values that we find. Now it is quite easy to see here that once again the lowest possible value we can get is 0.6 and that value comes from agent agent 1 playing a playing D always. So, agent 1 here is always playing D this is agent 1 this is agent 2 remember. So, agent 1 playing plays D since he gets no information he is always playing D and agent 2 plays R, R, L that means if it is omega 1 or omega 2 he plays R and if it is omega 3 he plays L. Now you can see although agent 1 here agent 2 here has the information of the value of psi you can see he is only partially using it he is only using it to distinguish between omega 3 and not omega 3 the he is not actually his policy is the same regardless of whether the value of psi is omega 1 or omega 2 because it is R, R, L here. So, as a result this policy is actually effectively the same as this policy that we had here the policy that we had in the previous lecture it is actually the same as this particular policy because this is where he was choosing R when it is omega 1 or omega 2 and similarly for agent 1 as well. Agent 1 there was playing the constant was always playing D regardless of the information. In this case in this example the agent actually agent 2 actually does not have the information.  So, and we and you can see as a result we get in fact also the same cost that we that we got earlier we got we are getting the cost of 0.6 for this pair of policies and that is actually the same as the cost that we that we got out here. Now you can check that there is a that that this this will hold not just for this particular policy but for other policies as well. So, for example if you look at this cost here this cost is for the policy where agent 1 is always playing D and agent 2 is always playing L. So, in our new problem where the agent agent 1 has no information it corresponds to D and agent 2 always playing L corresponds to agent 2 having the information but disregarding it.  You can check the same for every other every other sort of interesting pair that you can find here. So, this is this is therefore another example of a team problem. Now this kind of a problem has been simplified significantly because both agents although both agents have non-identical measurements agent 1 actually has trivial information he just basically has no information. So, he is only taking an action and thanks to that our search became rather easy. But if the problem were more complex our search would also become more complex and we would have to write out a much larger table in that case. So, this is so this is something that we will see more of in the next lecture.