First of all, I apologise for the delay. I tested my hardware and software last night before I went to bed and this morning after breakfast before packing it all up. So of course as soon as I plugged it in here, it refused to work as it normally does. That's what you get for not just doing live demonstrations or worse live demonstrations with hardware but live demonstrations with home-built hardware that's held together with rubber bands. So I think the actual problem is my MacBook that the networking between the MacBook and the Raspberry Pi is not working as it should. You should be able to connect them via a USB cable and the Raspberry Pi will go into a certain mode and will be available in this case to a MacBook that as well as providing power is also connecting to it with a network connection. So this means I'm going to have to do a bit of swapping, typing on an unfamiliar keyboard. There might still be a problem with the Pi and so we might have some other troubles as well but I feel you're probably on my side rather than against me. Not like that keynote speaker yesterday where some people were rather unkind. So this is me. I'm Daniela. That's what I look like on television. As you can see, I'm Python software. Can we turn the volume down a little bit because I'm getting it rather loud in my ear. Thank you. I work at DVO. We have a web cloud hosting platform built in Python and Django and four Python and Django developers. But we also host other things. So please come and talk to me if you want to talk about Docker or Django or deployment or any of those things. I'm a core developer of the Django project itself and an ex-vice president of the Django Software Foundation, which is not really actually as grand as it sounds although. I go to a lot of these events. It's part of my job. So I'm really fortunate to have a job in which I go to events all over the place. I love going to these events. I love meeting people. And what happens at these events is this kind of valuable, friendly magic of your pythons and pycons. And after all these conferences, I still enjoy coming to them. But this magic works hardest on the people who are new to their careers or to Python or to programming, or even in places where Python and programming are quite new as industries. So for the people who aren't yet confident, who aren't yet sure whether this is for them, who aren't sure of their future success, there's something really brilliant going on in these events. And I see it particularly in my African travel. So I'm amazingly fortunate to be able to do some of these things as part of my job. I've been involved in Python Namibia since 2015. We've held five editions. And from that have come several others. There's also a regular pycon in South Africa, but that can run under its own steam. So if you saw yesterday in the lightning talks, I mentioned that we're holding pycon Africa in August this year. These are some of my friends from Namibia, part of the organizing team of Pycon Namibia. There's Pycon Africa, if you want to know about that, come and talk to me. And as I mentioned, we have opened a fundraising campaign just to try and get a little bit more money into our financial assistance programme. You probably know where to find me here, but you can also find me online. So when I go to conferences, for example, in Namibia, one of the things people are interested in is robotics. And there are all kinds of robotics projects you can do with Python. You can find out a lot of information about them. And they look really good, but they all seem to involve things like 3D printers and laser cutters and hackspaces and university laboratories and so on. And most people don't have that kind of thing. So I wondered if I could build a pen plotter. This is an axial pen plotter where the pens move on two axes. So the challenge that I set myself was what is the cheapest and simplest pen plotter that could possibly be made? Well, I've got a camera here so I can also show you some more video, but here it is. Here's one of the first iterations of it. What can you see there? You can see it uses a ballpoint pen for the drawing in the hinges. It uses the part of the tube of a ballpoint pen. And those are some wooden sticks I found. Here's another version. I found it's a good way to get your talks except of a conference if you flatter them by printing out their logo with your robot. Those are some rather nice servos that I blew up so I don't have those. This is how the pen lifts up and down. You can see it uses the arm of the servo to do that. I had to call in to play all my high school mathematics, which is from a very long time ago because I'm probably older than you think I am. So I had to relearn a certain amount of trigonometry. This is how it works. It's a pantograph, which is the same kind of mechanism that's used on a tram to lift the... Not on a tram, on a train to lift the connector up to the wires. So we have two motors at the top that rotate and there are two... There's a yellow and red driving arm and a green and a blue following arm. So it forms a pentagon. There are five sides because you've got to account for the space between the two motors. So two motors, four arms, five sides, and then when you're doing the maths for this, after a while the whole world seems to be composed of triangles. It's remarkable. This is the mathematics. You don't need to worry too much about that. Because this is intended as an educational thing, it's actually broken down as much as I could possibly break it down. So you can see that as long as you're able to break down a shape into triangles, you can do this with fairly simple trigonometry. So the Bill of Materials, this is crucial because, say, a Namibian student does not have a 3D printer or something like that that was bought on a whim. The total Bill of Materials, Raspberry Pi zero for five dollars, three server motors for about three dollars each, some stiff card, some wood glue which you need to buy and a ballpoint pen which you can probably steal from somewhere. And then the tools are very simple. You need something to make some holes with.  So there's a very incomplete, in progress github repository for the code that I've written for this. I'll show it again afterwards, but it is very incomplete and I'm not doing a very good job at updating it. Right, so there we are doing an update, you can go away. That was the slides part. Now I want to show you what the machine looks like. So if I switch over to this and with this magic camera with a delay apparently, or maybe not a delay, maybe it's not working at all, now that Martin Cayman showed us how to set this up and get it going, I'm going to just, oh, well that is quite a delay. Oh no, there we are, I think that's, so you can't see it. Why can't you see it? Because I've got to do that. Yes, okay. So this is really difficult with a delay. Can I make this full screen? Well probably I can make it full screen, but you know I'm pushing my luck here with hardware and software. So this is the pantograph, so we've got, there really is a delay there. Maybe it seems to stop, okay well you can see that. You can see the two motors and the forearms. You can see a weight on top of the pen to hold it down because it needs a bit of pressure to keep it drawing on the paper. And there's the, well this is not actually tremendously useful now that it's stopped doing that. What is going on? I'm going to just try that again, so I need to uncapture device, that's it, and I assume I need to. Okay, this is not the most terribly reliable thing. Oh, there we are. So what we have here are the two motors. We have a Raspberry Pi Zero, all the software is running on that. I've got a little wiring loom that I soldered together to make it easier. And here is the, and it's stopped again, and there is the control for the pen. So let me just leave that there. Ben, could I have a helper please with the camera? I'm going to try doing some, now this is going to be really difficult because I'm going to be typing blind into a terminal because we had that hardware issue. So I'm just going to show you the plotter moving its pen up and down, pg.pen.down. Now for the gentleman who lent me this keyword, can you show me where the brackets are please? No, no, what do you call the embraces? Paranthoses. Paranthoses, yes, yes, yes. You've heard you've heard, yes, so this is new to me. Shift, yes. Good. You open that and close them. No, I didn't mean to close it now too. Okay, so if I've done the right thing. Oh, there you are. Did you see the pen? Oh, you haven't seen the pen has moved but the video hasn't. Oh, there you are. Okay, so good. And I can do pg for pantograph.pen.up. Can you show me again where there's a shift? Shift function and see it's on the end. Shift, oh my goodness. Okay, like so. And that will, I mistype something there. So let's pg.pen. Do you know what's going to, well then we can't have both, can we? Can you dictate the typing to him? Yes, my God. In the 1970s there's a terrible air crash when engine number two of a DC-10 exploded and severed a number of the hydraulic lines. And the only way they had left, they discovered a new way to fly a DC-10 which was through asymmetric thrust of the two engines they could control because they could barely control anything else. And the captain called in other pilots who happened to be on the plane and there was a team of them in the cockpit and they basically invented a new way of flying. So he stepped back from the controls completely and they managed to land the plane at Sioux City. You probably have heard of this terrible accident. At the very last moment there was a downdraft or a gust of wind and the plane actually some assaulted but they saved most of the lives of the people on that plane. So this is not as heroic but I'm very grateful that we've got some pilots on board. So PG. PG.PEN.UP and then the parentheses. There you are. Okay, now. So I'm going to switch back to this here and I'm going to show you how Ben, perhaps you can shine the camera on one of those.  Oh, I've got them on here. I can show you what they look like and you can come round and have a look. Any minute I'll be on the screen. So there you are. So this is the kind of output we can get. It makes me look like a narcissist that has pictures of me. Do this picture instead. So there's a little boy holding a teddy bear or a rabbit. As you can see, it's a very accurate pen plotter but I think it has a kind of charm through its wiggly lines. Now it's a little bit, you have to understand, to draw a straight line with an axial plotter is very easy. You just move the pen down one of the axes. On this, the only movement that I have is rotation. So if my point, my XY point is over here and the end of my line is over there, another XY point, I want to draw a straight line between them. But if I make the motors go from the position they need to be at for that point to the position they need to be at for that point, what I'll get is not a straight line but I'll get a curve because the motion of the motors is rotary. So every line I get, I have to break it down into lots of small pieces. So I break it down into 1 tenth of a millimetre as if I'm going to make that kind of accuracy, but that's what I do. So every line has to be broken into many, many smaller lines so that we can get a straight line. So, with a little bit of confusion here because everything is in the wrong place due to the little panic I had earlier. So I adapted a library that I found, let me make this, a library that I found called LineDraw that vectorises bitmaps and I adapted it to give me some JSON output that I can feed into the plotter. So, for example, this morning, just before I came into the building, I took this photograph and LineDraw, I'm going to run it on my Mac. I could run it on the Raspberry Pi, but the reason that I don't is that it uses NumPy and OpenCV so although it does work, it is rather slow. So I'm not in the right directory, where am I? CDLineDraw.Mac. Probably need to make it a little bit bigger. What line draw? Oh, thank you very much. OK. So, OK, thank you very much. But don't go too far. So what I've got, I've got that crane image and I'm going to do LineDraw. I've probably got, there you are. So, I'm going to take some input. Can you see that well enough, I hope? There's the crane jpeg. I'm going to put it out as a JSON. I'm not going to draw hatches. I'm not going to fill in the image. It makes it faster. And I'm going to simplify the contours. So I'll show you if I make this. If I simplify... See, I'm such a bad programmer. I always do that because I like it. So, I'm going to simplify the contours a lot. So it only makes 28 strokes for the whole thing and that's going to be looking like that. OK, that's the rendition of that. But if I did it without any simplification it would take quite a long time. But I was experimenting earlier and 1.5 will do it reasonably quickly and give me a reasonably accurate output. So has it finished yet? There you are. So that's what I'm going to send to the plotter. And that is just some JSON. As you can see, it looks exactly like the crane, doesn't it? So, earlier I sent that over to the Raspberry Pi and I think we'll go ahead over... You're good at typing, aren't you? I've got to remember now. It's... Yes, let's switch this. Let's do this. That's probably better. And then we can always switch back to the camera afterwards. OK, so actually if you just go up that will be his one I made earlier. If it's remembered the command. I was experimenting with some stuff. There we are. No, don't make it plot me. Make it plot the crane.json, please.  Fire. OK, can you exit from there? Let's have a look at the... Are you aware in the right place? There is no crane there. OK, never mind. We'll print another image instead. Let's... OK, go back into Python and can you do from... pantograph... Sorry, from... Oh, God. Yep. OK. Let's go and find the... from... I want to show you some of the calibration routines so that it makes this more accurate, but never mind that for now. We'll have to do something else. Let's plot my little nephew Oscar. So he was... Where's the... OK, OK, let's... OK, let's... So, pg.plot underscore file. No, yes, correct. Sorry, correct. Parentheses, quotes, and other quotes. Yep. And it's ep19.json. And this is the logo of EuroPython. Let's try that. OK. I will... Let's go so we can see... It's going to take a while, go ahead. Great, so you can see it's... You need to switch back. Yep, I'm going to. So you can see it's looping all over the lines in that JSON. Now you'll get the delayed action over here. I think this is what they use on live broadcasts when they think somebody might do something obscene in the audience and they've got three seconds in which to... We need the camera, don't we? And... Don't worry. I'm going to start that again. We're not having too much luck with the camera. Martin, would you... Sorry, we're trying to get the video, but it's very laggy. This is another pilot coming to help us. This is... Go ahead, yes. OK. Yep, OK. And will it show live? OK. OK. Let's get a better angle. Let's make it that bigger. Can you get a better angle, Ben, so that we can see? And... Now what I normally have to do... It's drawing. Normally I rub the pen a little bit to prime it, but you can see that it's... I'll take... It's not very fast, but it does plot. As you can see, it's tracing out its wiggly line. Let's see if we can... Catch it from there. And it's drawing a long line right now. And the moment... You see the pen is in the down position. When it's finished this line, that servo will... Twitch and will lift the pen. There you are. It's going up and down. Can you see that well enough from where you're sitting? Yeah. So it's pretty simple. I mean, that's really the whole of it. And I'm kind of running out of time now. So I think we've... Thank you very much. We've landed safely. By all means, come and have a look at this afterwards. And maybe you've got some ideas about how to make MacBooks and Raspberry Pis talk more reliably when they're at conferences and not just before breakfast. I can probably leave this there, so it's still drawing. I just want to quickly go back and finish off here. So I'm always... It's a work in progress. I want to make this better. I've got another design now, which I think will be much simpler. And this is going to... Instead of having a pantograph, we'll just have two arms. Still the same number of motors. One, two and three. This will have better reach. I think it will be simpler to make. I think it will have more mechanical advantage on the motors. So I think I'll get better results from this, but I haven't actually written the mathematics to drive that. I think it will be simpler, which is the important thing. For me, I don't mind that the lines are all quite wiggly on this. I think it's just part of the charm. So I don't want to make it more precise. I want to make it better, which means I want to make it simpler and cheaper and easier to build and reproduce because somebody who doesn't have success with it first time is going to give up. So I want to be able to make a kit or a set of instructions that almost anybody can do something with this. So I'm going to be sprinting on that, perhaps on Saturday. Another reminder of that. Please take a look. I'd be very grateful and talk to me. Thank you very much. I don't know if we have time for questions, but I think we just about made it. We do have time for questions. Great. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you, Donila. I think we can let a plot while we have questions and answers. Would you mind getting to a microphone? Ben, could I ask you to hold the camera again while it's drawing? I can't think and hold the camera at the same time. You definitely could. You just need motors powerful enough to do that. I did have some larger motors that could draw bigger and were more accurate. Ironically, I found that the cheapest motors sorry, the volume is rather loud for me again. Donuka, could you turn it down a bit for me please? If you use digital servo motors which are faster and stronger and more accurate, you just get lots of oscillations because they're trying to constantly correct. So this has got lots of dead spots in the movement. And that actually absorbs many of the problems that I had with digital motors. So cheapo actually worked better. A powerful motor with rigid materials, yes, of course it could be scaled up. I wasted a huge amount of time trying to make those better servos work. But in the end the cheap ones worked best. If you've got a few minutes and there are no more questions please come and crowd around and have a look at it actually working because you'll get a much better sense of it when you're standing in front of it. If you think of any questions, go ahead. Let's close the session. Thank you very much. Thank you for your patience.


Yeah, we're at the track, covering the sport of kings, coming up this week. The film Mercedes driven to victory by top junkie Ricky Walcott in the Michael Parvaccino Memorial hopeful breeder stakes at the garrison savannah in Barbados, odds on favorites dominate the weekend's main events at Jamaica's Caymanna Spark, Divine Force in the Lynda Della Penna Memorial and Teflon Dawn in the Mercury Sprint, before an exciting finish to the Ash Wednesday trophy midweek feature, plus the usual weekly stats on Caribbean success on the North American continent, our opening story this week as it was last week, night racing in Barbados. Six runners entered for Saturday's Michael Parvaccino Memorial hopeful breeder stakes and trophy feature. The six horse Mercedes trained by Richard Dean with Ricky Walcott in the saddle, the heavy favorite for the 7.8 furlong trip coming off a win in December's Express cash trophy. Number one queen of the South only a length and a quarter second to Mercedes in the Express cash on Boxing Day is the 7 to 2 second favorite. Number two Moschara is at 6 to 1, 5 to 1 on Brunei, a winner last time out. Number four Showtime is a 9 to 1 outsider, premise a winner on debut of a five and a half furlongs on Boxing Day is at 9 to 2 and Mercedes the even money favorite in the come box for the Canada's first stakes race for native bred three-year-olds Dean Springer picking them up mid-race. Half mile completed in 51 and four Mercedes is just pointed Showtime, queen of the South still in third, Moschara's found her best right as she comes a calling, Brunei is flattered out and we can safely discard premise inside the quarter pole they come and it is Mercedes who's opened up by two and a half nights now from on the outside, queen of the South, Moschara's flattered out as Mercedes into the middle of the course, inside the front furlong they come as Mercedes and a left-hand drive, queen of the South trying desperately, Mercedes, queen of the South on the outside, Moschara, it's Mercedes in the middle of the course who's going to get home wins the whole full skillfully handled by jockey Ricky Walcott who in the home stretch makes a switch from left-hand whipping to right he gets Mercedes to fend off challenges from Queen of the South on the inside and Moschara on his outside. Bred by Aston Martin out of the Janaki Mir Janak, Mercedes gives Walcott his third Michael Barvechino win in four years having scored with 2021 upset winner Basel E. Gall and afternoon delight in 2022. Trainer Richard Deena repeat winner of the event following up here on his tramp last year with indelible. Owned by Curlan Felician and Stephen Jardim the even money favorite Mercedes makes it three wins in five starts taking the great two Michael Barvechino Memorial hopeful breeders by a length and a quarter over the six to one bet Moschara closing well for second Mercedes clocked 137 and two fifths for the 7.8 for a long trip. Let's check in now on two events from Jamaica's Cape Man of Spark on Saturday the first the Mercury Sprint run in honor of the 1972 champion two-year-old and the Linda Della Penna Memorial that one honoring the late sportscaster who played top flight football in England in the 1950s. The Linda Della Penna Memorial feature had eight starters none better supported in the betting than the ac k-stables four-year-old called divine force after taking control down the back stretch on a jockey Tevin Foster a clear leader here heading for the home stretch. They slip past the 716th and it is a divine force out in front large and in charge leaving the three with about an eight length gap hooked up to I realize regal and royal now sent in chase moving best of the rest the head cornerstone is asked for an effort I realize his shuffle back through the back further and beyond his racing on the extreme outside and blows the turn but divine force into the lane with a commanding lead the head cornerstone now beginning to nibblat it with regal and royal it's a divine force being driven flat to the boards the stick comes out now in the right hand the head cornerstone continues to make gains a furlong to run divine force just the leader the head cornerstone cutting into it as they come past the 16th pole it is a divine force the head cornerstone now sprouting wings on the outside but divine force repels them all and wins. Tevin Foster digs deep here aboard the favorite divine force repelling the outside challenge of ex-champion jockey Dane Dawkins with the head cornerstone in his first start for 2024 divine force from the stables of the maestro Philip Fiani secures back-to-back wins scoring by a length and a quarter as the four to five favorite chased by the head cornerstone and winning the one mile linda de la pena in 139 and four fifths six runners went in the mercury sprint and Elizabeth the cost of three-year old Cole Teflon Don with Robert hardball halloween riding for champion trainer Jason the Costa the popular betting choice not expected to lose and did not in what was a no contest. Teflon Don has been in charge from the off and attempts to go gate to wire bowl shadow will try to deny but Teflon Don under a hand ride halloween having a look between his legs and Teflon Don is just cruising as they leave the quarter pole behind them bowl shadow can't land a blow and needs to find several lengths along with the rest warrior stomp maybe third over the general down against the rail but it's all over at this stage a furlong to run what can happen to stop Teflon Don from romping the mercury sprint and nothing has happened so far inside the final 16th it's all over Teflon Don and Robert halloween for Elizabeth the Costa and Jason the Costa they win on a trot owned by Liz the Costa and trained by her son Jason the Costa Teflon Don by casual trick out of the latest court looking classy on debut toying with the field on their halloween Teflon Don wins the mercury sprint by nine and a quarter lengths over the 72 shot the general the winning time 101 and two-fifths four five for a long straight Richie Zanz Leban was a favorite here on the inside with jockey Tevin Foster and the neon green and orange silks but with work to do approaching the home stretch as they come charging past the five 16th it's wide open she's my friend at Abigail Abel on the rail rambling rose kicking in on the outside these two going at it Torus boy looking for room in between them and finding it Leban now wound up for a burst down against the rail it is a rambling rose just a leader in the center watch Torus boy now kicking in and Torus boy now looks to have it Leban he's storming forward down against the rail get a Pepsi now begins a charge and out wide it's a green gold rush it's anybody's raised Torus boy on the far side green gold rush nearest to us with get a Pepsi green gold rush get a Pepsi green gold rush a very tight finish here green gold rush widest of all snatching the wind by a neck over get a Pepsi with Torus boy only a further half length behind in third one of two wins on the afternoon for ex-champion jockey Dave Dawkins two Ash Wednesday trophy wins in three years as well for the 30-year-old jock who won in 2022 with DJ's boy a sixth lifetime win this for the PJR racing clubs green gold rush scoring for trainer Dalton Serju and Groom Cedric Hardware our usual weekly tally of wins for Caribbean men in the USA before we go in the past week since our last show have counted 15 victories among them three wins each in Florida for the Barbadian trainer Saffy Joseph Jr and the Jamaican trainer Rohan Crichton that happening between Tampa Bay Downs and Gulfstream Park where the Jamaican jock is Anthony Thomas and Sean Bridgenmohan won Jamaican trainers Willoughby Simpson and Colin Mirage also won at Gulfstream Park and there was a Wednesday double for the Barbadian jocky Rashawn Lachman at West Virginia's Charleston race track we've been at the track covering top stories and exciting races in the sport of kings check us out again next week


There are some questions that people have raised in the live documents which are some of which are quite general and Maybe addressed if not now then Later Q&A today See we have we have one question already specifically about lecture, but I will hand over to Emiliano Dimitri Thank you. Thank you Arno. Okay, so I see from the chat the first question for from Merth that is say I cannot seem to understand the last part Of the lecture where you say this is not suitable for production run Can you elaborate on more on that? Merth is referring to the last slide of the Of the lesson where I give a short introduction about the basis set that The basis set let us say names that are available in CP2k when you want to decide which kind of Gaussian type orbital you want to use it In particular introduce the names like single zeta double zeta triple zeta and so on as a basis set with increasing accuracy which refers to the number of Of primitive fun or really contracted functions that are inside this basis set and that are necessary to describe the the molecular orbitals Usually The of course the first the minimal The minimal description that you can have to In order to have a Correct, let's say the wave function for For a molecular orbit is to include Let us say Include the functions only the function necessary to describe the occupied orbitals of the of the atoms involved in your Involving your molecular systems The orbitals in particular in for the basis set we are talking about here atomic orbitals because A molecule will be described as a Described the atoms will be described as a linear combination of the molecular Orbiter will be described as linear combination of atomic orbitals What is the minimal description of these occupied orbitals that we can get it using only just one Contractive function pair atomic orbital. This is called the single zeta basis set because Zeta is the The name that usually we give to the to the exponent in the In the primitive function in the Gaussian type orbital primitive function and So this means that I have only one Primitive of a contracting function for Atomic orbital to describe describe the atomic orbital which is occupied such Basis set allows you for sure to give a Correct description where correct means the minimal description possible For your molecular system correct, but it is not really sufficient to have a good accuracy a good the chemical accuracy in this sense and usually Let us say today's as a golden standard for sure then not golden standard is too much Let us say as a standard a minimal Minimal accuracy criteria to in order to publish a paper etc is not to just employ single zeta Basis set but at least goes to go one level after double zeta for example Ideally what you have do if you do a very good job. You should start to verify and do a convergent test of basis set increasing the step by step your Your basis set in terms of size of how in size of your of your basis set and see when The your calculation converge in the basis set so that you are sure that the the minimal one that give you a Nacuracy good enough is a sufficient is a the correct one that you can use for for all your calculations Related to this system. I would say that Of course, this is a very good practice to do when the system is small enough that allows you to get them, but Larger is the system more problematic is to do such a A test a convergent test that in any case would be the the best thing to do any time said that Said that when the convergent test is not really possible or is there limited to say at least the Criterium to use at least a double zeta size basis set is Is the one that currently is adopted and I suppose this is also the reason why in the tutorials we start using such a kind of size for the basis set just to give you Typical example of what we can And what we should do let us see Let me see so can I can it be used? For M and J opti but not on MD run especially for MD run. We need to choose this or a more accurate one I Would I would say what usually what I usually do etc. I usually usually Start with the single zeta Basis set just at the beginning to have an idea of my system, but also for geometry optimization After that I Immediately move after After testing that everything is working and so on and so on. I immediately moving to the double zeta once Really? The computational cost of course increase from this time But it's still usually at least for what I I have experienced so far is always affordable moving from single this zeta and double zeta and so After the preliminary test I move already with the double zeta Basis sets to better was it a basic set In any case Merth if you have if you want to elaborate more and ask me more just writing the chapter I Another question from Vinay. Can you please say differences between D3 dispersion and many body dispersion? Transistor state correction and that's the P2k have this many body dispersion correction as well Okay Many body dispersion. I do not know what you are referring to transition state correction Maybe you know you can elaborate. I can tell you something regarding the difference between DT2 and DT3 and Dispersion correction that were introduced in the in the in the lecture and Of course during the year we move from in this The FTD scheme we move from DT1 DT2 DT3 Making the correction the Functional form of the current order of correction. So the analytical form of the correction, but also the parametrization More accurate optimizing in some in this sense and the main Difference between the DFT D2 and DFT D3 is that the DFT D2 contain only two body Corrections with both body terms. Let's say terms that refer that that Taking to account only interaction between two body two atoms in the case of the DFT schemes while in the DFT D3 scheme there are there is only not only the term the Dispersion energy term that I mentioned in the in this live here the FTD in the as the DFT D2 scheme, but there are also additional terms in particular terms which Taking to account the interaction between three atoms at the same time and These of course are correction to the correction are terms which are Small with respect to the dominant effect of the two-body terms, but we have seen In the optimization while they tried and where they were trying to optimize the the parameter for to get the best The best dispassion correction that a three-body term was really essential to him to get an accuracy a Better accuracy in in this sense so Optimize only the two-body the parameter in the two-body Term was not if enough to improve the convergence. There's the sorry the accuracy Beyond a certain a certain threshold to make this is improvement the introduction of the three-body terms was crucial Did I understand Matt you say did I understand the Correctly from the presentation, but the hybrid Wait, I can add to the There is a different type of corrections Kachenka and chef of correction instead of Grime Not they know they are not available in 2k for now That type of one the dispersion corrections and Yeah, so I think for now in TP2k and promo TP2k interface you should stick to that if it is free I guess it's the best available method for now Of the dispersion correction so you can use Yeah, that's the second part of the question in a yeah. Thank you. Thank you. They make you Um, let's see Matthew didn't think what Lee They have the functions that they ever ubiquitous be three leap aren't recommended into P2k Why are not recommended? I Would not say that are not recommended a bit leap for sure what I can tell you be three leap Is a hybrid functional so as an exact exchange term is it? Inside that so of course the exact exchange term is computational more expensive really the They are more expensive Within the framework of the plane waves basis more of a plane wave as he sets and by the way this was also the reason why TP2k was Developed at a certain point historically the first code that implemented the Carparinello molecular dynamics Etc was a cpmd And from them that many developers move to other code Other code them in particular a cp2k with using this gpw approach this Combined plane plane waves and gaussian basis that approach In order to get the better performance in And the cure sum of deficiencies coming from an approach full plane wave like the cpmd one and one of these Let us say deficiencies was the fact that in cpmd that which is Full plane wave best set approach the Effort to calculate The exact exchange term is really large with cpmd is with cp2k this effort was Significantly in the radius of the still expensive, but it was significantly reduced and so With with cp2k The use of hybrid functional is possible is not only possible in the sense that is implemented, but because it's implemented or also in cpmd for example, but the computational of computational effort is Reasonable, let us say is more reasonable of course is not so straightforward like for example when you use gaussian, which is a full Localized basis set approach where the exact exchange and the effort to calculate this exchange is minimal But of course they still is still possible and B3 lip is a very popular hybrid functional because it was It been tested to be proved to be a Let us say a reasonable Functional in many kind of Situation approaches and a situation and the environment around of course there are alternatives The choice of the functional has to be done in general We have to pay attention when you choose it because because The results the calculations For your system could depend significantly from this choice Of course the first The first let us say way To move in order to make this decision should be going to the literature and look at what Was done at what was the results previously on system, which are very similar or identical to yours Because this is what is the first source any time going on the literature and look what the others already did and With more or less success and so you can have an idea the second when you have more or less an idea of which are the functional that better behaves with the with your system and with your Not only with your system, but also with the kind of calculation that you are interested in at this point Ideally you have to verify which ones which are functional are already Implemented on your code and for example CP2k in this sense as a very large offer of Offer of Functionals in general so you can Be rather confident that probably the best ones or some of the best that you have Identify in the literature for your system and your kind of calculation are available in CP2k do So about the hybrid functional sense P2k is a problem here That's the exact focus change is not very well working with plane waves. So for the exact focus change CP2k using direct Gaussian Direct Gaussian integrals like for example Gaussian So and and they also of course have a cutoff. So you cannot do it in periodic again. So what happens in your with your calculations that Hartree-Fock exactly change part of your Of your functional will not be periodic that the problem also it only have within the cutoff Calculates And that's also kind of the drawbacks. So you're losing partially the Periodist basically of your system. So it still can do periodic calculations, but Hartree-Fock part Exactly for the change will be not periodic So the dropback Yeah, but you can use them. So I mean, yeah, you can use them but with these drawbacks and also they will be slower slower Normal Cj Dj Okay, Thomas is asking I'm still confused with the non-local plane waves They seem very interesting for periodic system like crystal, correct Could you elaborate for their application in person for biomolecular system? Do we need to choose that them similarly as best set GTO? Are different type of non-local plane waves they why they do and they are not popular in other Quantum mechanics software at least I have seen them. Okay Okay Let's say why Say historically, let's start a bit historically. First of all, why we physicist Starting working with plane waves. You are right. For sure. The reason was because there were Solids solids in the first approximation you can consider as periodic one of the best way to treat it Condense matter solids, etc in this way is using the basis set, which is periodic as well And so plain ways starting this way Then moving towards Molecule, etc. Of course instead The first approaches was using basic set which are localized because molecule are molecules are Let us say very localized in space and so basic set which are localized Results to be much more convenient At At the time of course the most of calculation that were possible where only single point calculations a certain point people starting to become to became to become Interested to molecular dynamics to Abinacian molecular dynamics and Because going because they are interested to To investigate the dynamical behavior, not only the statistical behavior of the structure structural information of molecules All and large molecules and of course one of one of the first approaches was the born open-heimer scheme and Which would require? Let us say Which requires really a In optimization and a fun way function optimization at each time step so was a computational very expensive at the time and a breakthrough was in the 80s the The carparinello molecular dynamics the scheme of carparinello molecular dynamics that at that time Realists was able to speed up the The molecular dynamics quite a lot really you would be able to reach one order of money to the larger Time scale let us say and so starting to really see Events phenomena that were before impossible with with the computer At the time carparinello, however Requires as formulated as is requested plane waves a plane waves basic set And so for this reason they started to for this reason let us say they started to To be interested to use plane waves with molecules in order to be able to To be able to to do simulation with With the carparinello molecular dynamics schemes scheme And this was the reason why at the beginning it was used of course in the years the The meto that approaches to improve on one side the And on the other and both on the localize and the play and play wave ways one Of course now that wouldn't all this limitation In one sense on the other way are reduced The fact that CP2k use The combination of both localize and all and on the local basis set show you how I go it's improved in order to try to get the best from the feature of one and the others and And Still there are some feature of the localized the local the non-locum play waves waves which are Very very useful still when you deal with the molecules for example Still in the dynamical schemes When you have to write down the equation necessary to be implemented on a computer in order to In order to implement the a dynamical scheme You can see that if you use a localized basis set you have to take into account Additional terms to say the pull I for what I call pull I forces which are not present in When you write down the equation that you have to implement with the in a local basis set so this means that when You have to ask a computer to calculate your time step if you use a plane wave basis set Approach you have less term that have to be calculated Of course this end to be then you there are many magic that is around the numerical Implementation in in order to make them Let us say the calculation as fast as possible, but ideally consider that In the dynamical scheme non-locum plane waves a basic set is Simpler to as less term. Let us say to take into account with respect to localized one I want to just of course I Cannot enter now in them any detail, but I just just I want to just to give you an overview of which are the problem and the advantages of the two schemes and why people still are still are let us say Working and trying to optimize one and the other both with solid and more molecules even if the first Let us say Idea that you can have is that okay for more views localized basis set and for solids for condense matter I use plane waves basis set this is in the first approximation is true would be the best things to do but of course You can improve one on one side improve on the other side and what you want to have at the end is the scheme which is a As With performant as best as possible reaching the compromises in one sense of the other in particular when you are You are interested to the dynamical behavior because you want to do a vanish molecular dynamics Yes, so there is should be in terms of KMM what is important that you should Remember that I mean latest 80s and early 90s all molecular dynamics in classical have been done In non per is a in non periodic system or in periodic system is a cutoff So the problem is once the people realize that these produce a lot of artifacts on the edge For example, if you do a droplet simulation with cutoff without the periodicity Then you have a surface tension large surface tension for example, which can deform your system a lot in molecular classical molecular dynamics Then the people then in the 90s that starts using of first evolved summation. So fully periodic MD and then eventually the PME Algorithm evolved and then people start using full only fully periodic molecular dynamics in most cases Why because then you have these no problems with this surface tension effects and after that, of course Then when you want to move in such a scheme to the QMM then logically rises a question that we should also use some periodic scheme for QM forces as well and That's where there's this connection between the solid state and current biology because by physics Yeah, I can say because in in in in by physics as well. You are dealing usually with a system in a periodic box Of solvent. Yeah, basically set of solids periodic solid state You have no periodic box of solvent with inserted molecules and that's why you also want to do this periodic calculations and for this Gaussian basis set as Emiliano suggested there is no interesting periodicity With a localized motion basis, there is some tricks how you can impose that Even on the basis of the PME, but they're still evolving and they're still very numerically unstable And what yeah, so CP2k is one of the types how you can combine Localization from the localized basis set and predict of plain ways in one code. I don't know if there are any other codes which are doing similar things, but Yeah So that's why the idea is behind the CP2k. For sure CP2k is the more popular in this sense. Yes Or we can that employ this approach. There are others, but less popular in this moment There are other questions regarding the lesson Don't think so


In these videos we don't reveal any addresses and even though I've done a house tour of my own place please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Jamie Lee Curtis and her longtime husband Christopher Guest have been living in the very same Los Angeles home since they fell in love with it back in the early 90s. The couple renovated and customized their home over the years and these days the Spanish colonial revival style estate also offers a modern aesthetic inside. In 2016 Jamie Lee and her husband further added on to their property buying up the neighbor's home for 2.2 million dollars. Way back in 1992 Jamie Lee Curtis and Christopher Guest would set their eyes on what would become their beloved family home. The couple has been happily living here for about three decades now adding on to the property with the purchase of a neighboring home in 2016. Since 1992 was a long time ago there's no word on how much Jamie Lee paid for her Spanish colonial revival abode. We do know that at the time of purchase the estate which dates back to 1929 needed some work and the actress settled to customize the place to her liking. Jamie and Christopher's home is located in Santa Monica reportedly in a canyon in West Los Angeles and when they first saw the place it seemed dark inside and was full of antiques. Jamie claimed many of the rooms such as the traditional kitchen hadn't even been updated since it was built back in the 20s. She added about these features. It was an upstairs downstairs kind of house it was designed for live and help. It was very much a house for people to be served in. While there was a lot to be done Jamie knew that even then the home could be wonderful. She recalled this memory to architectural digest saying I'm one of those impulsive people I believe that I can make almost any place lovely I can make it a home almost any house I see it's fabulous. Christopher on the other hand is very different when it comes to house hunting but their current home was definitely an exception for her husband. When they were looking at the house to purchase he first climbed onto a hill above the property and looked down towards it then he saw Tara caught a roof tiles and eucalyptus trees which prompted him to say that they should buy it remembering this time Christopher said about the grounds it felt like a park like setting I was happy with that today the home is dark and old no more it has an airy feel throughout and while it's quite modern in many spaces there's still a warm and homey energy with lots of personal touches to show for Jamie and Christopher's family life. Jamie said during this 2002 interview with AD I'm gonna sound so pretentious it's sick but my goal for the house was to bridge something old and tired with a much more contemporary aesthetic which is the way we live is the blending of these two elements an old traditional Mediterranean house with a sort of zen the thing I'm proud of is that blending which is very much a part of me the couple certainly managed to make this stunning house a home and right when you arrive at the Mediterranean style structure you see this personality even in the front yard there's a plaster statue here of a figure with a top hat holding a mallet by the front door and a silly portrait of Christopher above which is a prop from an old TV series while Jamie Lee's family home is very casual and welcoming it still took a ton of work to transform it into something so stylish before the couple moved in they started to renovate it upgrading the electrical and plumbing and doing some cosmetic work then they worked with architect Michael B. Lehrer and transformed the formerly two bedroom abode two large scale renovations changing the floor plan in the first one they added a child's bedroom and two new bathrooms while another children's room in the home was reconfigured as well and Jamie and Christopher's master suite and bath was too then later on a large part of the lower floor was renovated taking that small kitchen and opening it up into a new and open space combined with a family area from photos we can see the main living room has soaring double-height ceilings which are also wood paneled and beamed and there's a large fireplace on one wall with French doors on another and hardwood flooring underfoot while there aren't too many furnishings here the custom made large pieces and uncluttered walls allow the original features like the ceiling and angled fireplace to stand out nearby the dining room wasn't super fancy either but it boasts the same hardwood flooring and French doors for help with the inseriors Jamie turned to Jan McFarland Cox an Idaho based artists with whom the couple has worked with before on several places including a cabin they owned in Idaho for their abode they decided to emphasize this house's Mediterranean origins Cox said I said let's make the floors dark and the walls white and live with that so they went for a clean line design for the most part and used a large modern and classic furnishings Jamie has also admitted that she doesn't like a ton of furniture and so they kept things more simple and spare the kitchen with family area was definitely more Zen after the renovations is before Jamie said the space used to be a tiny kitchen a tiny breakfast room and a weird little guest room the banquets in here were designed by Cox and Curtis and they have pullout drawers which doubles footstools the updated kitchen blends into this functional area and breakfast nook seamlessly with space for the whole family in the home Jamie and Christopher also lovingly selected their photography collection and have those pieces on display as well as items like a Chinese red lacquer chest which was a giveaway at the Golden Globes and an old collectible photo of Louise Reiner an actress who lived in the house in the 1930s along with a ton of mementos of the couple's families and children more recently we can see Jamie and Christopher are still happily living here as the actress shares snaps of her home life on social media from time to time in recent years it appears the kitchen was made even more white and we can see it's a bright space with white walls matching cupboards in the same wooden flooring along with a luxe marble island in the center there are also motivational pieces of art throughout one print reading no to self be kind time be kind while Jamie and Christopher have spent years making this place their happy home there is always more to be done Christopher revealed a while back I think it's like anything it's a work in progress this house is going to keep living in 2016 it was also reported that Jamie and her husband purchased the next door home for 2.2 million dollars adding on to their property makes sense considering how long they've lived in the same house and while there aren't photos or many details of the bonus estate records show the home is a two-level residence spending just over 1900 square feet of space it was built in 1987 boasting three beds two baths and out back a swimming pool and garden and before we wrap this house tour up in the spirit of our scream Queen Jamie Lee and Halloween ends let's just see where the real house from the movie is located unlike many of today's horror flicks the original Halloween from 1978 was filmed in a real house instead of a movie set word is that the one-time home of Michael Myers is 1000 Mission Street in South Pasadena California the home was recognized as a historic building and therefore hadn't been torn down and aside from being the Halloween abode this structure built in 1888 was the city's first duplex marking the arrival of settlers from Indiana a little known fact is that the crew of Halloween had to fix up the house and whitewash the entire front to capture the opening scene where a young Michael Myers murders his older sister the home was relocated at one point thus the addition to the back for the filming of the movie had to be removed but aside from that it's the same as it did in the 1978 film it's no longer private residence along with interior modifications to convert the rooms into office rooms the exterior of the house was given a facelift and painted light blue with red trim fans hoping to visit can still see the famed landmark from the exterior all you do is get off the train at Mission Station and you're close by to the Mr. Myers former abode well that's gonna bring this Jamie Lee Curtis house tour to a close let me know what your favorite part of her longtime home is or if you'd prefer to visit the Halloween house instead thanks for tuning in please hit that subscribe button if you haven't follow me on Instagram to chat and I'll catch you all in another video bye


We're here at CBS 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya and I'm very pleased to be joined this morning by Ms. Ilana Milkes who is founder and CEO of World Techmakers. Ilana, thank you very much for being in the studio with us this morning. No, thank you for having me. Now, you're here representing a new generation of innovators and you're going to be taking part in a panel session this afternoon of innovation which is essentially helping socioeconomic development of technological kind and I wanted to ask you a little bit about World Techmakers and what's your innovation? Okay, great. Thank you. So World Techmakers is a technology education start-up and we're focused in unleashing human potential in emerging markets. So we pioneer on-site coding bootcamps which is a new type of very practical training focused on developing self-earned hardware skills in very short amount of time and we have also evolved by creating other apps. So there's one called Bootcamps Online to have those bootcamps online and live. Another app called GoNativeo focused on empowering children with the 21st century skills which are programming skills and a job-matching app to match demand with what the talent that is available. Now, you're based in Colombia. Have you started this off there? Are there any particular challenges locally for you and globally as well? Yes, so we started in Colombia and we have been able to scale to other countries like Brazil and Chile and we are looking at Mexico as well. There have been, of course, a lot of challenges. The IT industry is very male dominated so as a young woman you have those challenges plus being in a context of emerging markets but we have had good results and a great team so I think that helps a lot for sure. How many people have you managed to gather around you to bring this idea to fruition? We have 16 people in different places. That's our core team right now. And they're all working remotely? A lot of working remotely, yes, from different places. This is a very new trend but it helps a lot in terms of the dynamic of the team. It's very agile, focused on very short sprints of work and iterations like software development. So we're also very virtual in that sense. And what's your timeline for world domination then? Well, one of our goals is to really make emerging markets a very important center of technology development. One of the main problems that we have seen is that talent is universal but opportunities are not. So just one fact, for instance, digital natives which are the children who can work with devices from very early ages. One out of ten are digital natives in emerging markets versus eight out of ten in developed markets. And if you think about the context and implications of this, we're going to continue in a position where our talent will not get full capacity. So we're really pushing and trying to make programming part of the national curriculum, create apps where children or teenagers and adults will be able to reach their capacity and build software on their own. So beyond having a metric of, hey, we're going to get to two million users, our goal is to have the entire region create awareness about this and hopefully reach a level where a lot of South American countries will get to that point of empowering through coding skills. So that's kind of our goal right now, yeah. I understand at the end of this session they'll be voting for the best innovation. Yeah. Obviously at this stage we don't know who that's going to be but I wish you the very best of luck with that. Thank you so much. Yeah, thank you.


Hey, thank you for joining us here at Psych2Go. Your ongoing help, sharing, and liking has helped Psych2Go continue our mission to make psychology accessible to everyone. References are listed at the end of the video if you want to learn more. Humans have the amazing ability to feel emotions that are so profound and complex that we sometimes have a hard time expressing them through our language and other means of communication. It can be frustrating when you feel something you can't quite understand or explain. This is why the brilliant writer John Koenig penned and put together the compendium of all of the most complicated and indescribable feelings you may not even know you're experiencing. With that said, listed here are the 12 most common emotions you might feel but can't explain. 1. Saundre Saundre is defined as the sudden realization that you can never completely know a person. It's when you start to understand that everyone around you has their own story that you might never get to know about. You realize that you can only get to know as much about a person as they'll allow you to. 2. Hankersaw This is an emotion most of us wouldn't want to admit to feeling. But Hankersaw refers to the phenomenon of finding someone so attractive that it makes you feel angry at them for some reason. It differs from jealousy in the sense that it's subtler and more subconscious. When you feel Hankersaw, you don't feel explicitly hostile or envious towards the person. But deep down inside, you can't help but feel upset at their random stroke of luck for winning the genetic lottery. 3. Lakeism Have you ever felt the sudden desire to have something bad happen to you for no reason? Well, that feeling is what we call Lakeism. It's that deep, dark impulse most of us have to be struck by tragedy and come out of the other side. It's born out of our innate desire for challenges and growth, which pushes us to test the bounds of our courage and resilience. 4. Ellipsism Ellipsism is a feeling that people often misinterpret as curiosity or inquisitiveness. But really it refers to a desire to understand the world and to know what will happen in the future. This is something most scientists, scholars, artists and inventors can probably relate to, as many of them have a hard time coming to terms with the fact that they might never get to see how history will turn out, how they'll be remembered, or what legacy they may leave behind. 5. And please bear with me as I try to pronounce this. Mauerbauer-Troerig-Eit Mauerbauer-Troerig-Eit is defined as the sudden feeling of wanting to push people away and put your defenses back up. It often happens when we let our insecurities tell us we're not good enough and feel afraid that if other people saw us for who we really were, they'd reject us. 6. Nasien Similar to Saunder is Nasien, which is the feeling you get when you realize that you don't actually know someone as well as you thought you did. It's the realization that even your closest family and friends have a part of themselves that they hide from everyone else, a secret inner world that only they will ever know. 7. Liberosis Have you ever wished you could just stop worrying so much and relax? If so, you've already experienced liberosis. Liberosis is the feeling you get when you're afraid you're not living your life to the fullest, and it comes from a desire to be more carefree and easygoing. 8. Monocopsis Monocopsis means feeling out of place for some reason. It can happen even when you're someplace familiar or surrounded by your friends and family. You don't understand it, but you just can't shake off the feeling that you don't belong here, or you just don't fit in with everyone else. That's monocopsis. 9. Onism Next is onism, which refers to the awareness of how little of the world you will ever be able to experience. Those of us who love to travel and go on adventures may sometimes feel wistful over the realization that there are still so many beautiful places out there we might never get to see. Onism represents those unfulfilled desires and goals we fear we might never achieve before we die. 10. Nighthawk This is what you call that feeling you get when you can't sleep for some reason. Psychologists believe that nighthawks are reoccurring thoughts that only come to you late at night, maybe because of some unfinished business you need to resolve, but haven't acknowledged yet. 11. Potoptric trites Similar to Sander and Nocien, Potoptric trites is a specific kind of sadness that comes from the realization that you can never really know what someone else thinks of you. Wanting the approval and acceptance of others is something all of us feel burdened by, which is probably why we all struggle with Potoptric trites from time to time as well. 12. Jauska Finally, Jauska is defined as the feeling of wanting to have a conversation with someone in your head. While it may sound somewhat strange, it's something most people have experienced a number of times in their lives. Did you ever want to get something off your chest but just didn't have the courage to say it? Or is there something you wanted to let someone know but never got the chance to? That's Jauska. And it's a feeling you get when you want to give yourself closure for something that was never resolved in your life. Have you felt any of these? Does this give you a little peace to an emotion you've experienced? Do you have any other word discoveries to share? Let us know in the comments below. Don't forget to like this video and share it with someone who would be able to relate. Be sure to subscribe to Psych2Go for more psychology content. And as always, thanks for watching.


This is from the side of the president, from the side of the state for the president. Europe in pre-war era due to Russia's threat, Poland's Prime Minister warns. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has warned that Europe is in a pre-war era, but still has a long way to go before it's ready to confront the threat posed by Russia. War is no longer a concept from the past. It is real. And it started over two years ago. The most worrying thing at the moment is that literally any scenario is possible. We haven't seen a situation like this since 1945. Tusk said in an interview with German newspaper, Develt published on Friday. I know it sounds devastating, especially for the younger generation, but we have to get used to the fact that a new era has begun. The pre-war era. I'm not exaggerating. It's becoming clearer every day. Last weekend, Poland said a Russian cruise missile aimed at Ukraine had entered its airspace, a repeat occurrence during more than two years of war, and demanded an explanation from Moscow. Despite Europe's efforts to bolster its defense, Tusk said the continent still has a long way to go. He said it must be independent and self-sufficient in defense while maintaining a strong alliance in the US. Polish President Andrei Duda also stated that Russia could soon restore its military potential and attack NATO countries as early as 2026. Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs Annalena Baerbock also says that Vladimir Putin is trying to drag NATO into a war, but Germany will not allow him. Putin's goal was and is to destroy the existence of Ukraine as an independent free country and drag NATO into a war. Baerbock said, noting that the German government will not allow this to happen. The German Foreign Minister adds that the Kremlin leader is not open to arguments, calls for humanity, and does not want to engage in negotiations. Russia knew about preparation for terrorist attack at least a month in advance. Ukraine. Russia knew about the preparation of a terrorist attack at the Kroger City Hall shopping centre near Moscow for at least a month. But despite this, the Kremlin decided to allow the shooting of its citizens according to the statement of the head of the Defense Intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Kirill Burdanov. At least, as of February the 15th, 2024, Russia knew about the preparation. I'll tell you more. This information passed through the intelligence group in Syria. That's where it went to Moscow. It's strange how everything materialized, said Burdanov. He clarified that the Russians knew where the combat groups would come from and through which countries they would move to Russia. According to Burdanov, there are several versions of why the Kremlin allowed the terrorist attack. The first is, as they usually do, towers fighting in Kremlin to now remove several officials. Another option is that they actually underestimated the scale of what would happen. They thought it would be more localized and wanted to blame Ukraine for everything the head of the Defense Intelligence believes. He reminded that the Russian authorities have already changed the version of what happened near Moscow three times. In attempts to blame Ukraine for everything. In particular, there was a version from the head of the Russian Federal Security Service, Alexander Botnikov, who blamed Burdanov himself. It's nonsense. By the way, if we touch on this painful issue, even though he's an enemy, I don't approve of terrorist acts against civilians in principle, he added. As Burdanov emphasized, Russia sowed chaos itself, hoping to control it. There is such a persistent expression, even truth. It always works among special services. Everyone tries to create controlled chaos. Quite all more or less serious organizations tried to do this at different times. And the axiom is that none of them could make it controlled. The same thing happened here, he noted.


My name is Gary Watts. I am an Acting Detective Superintendent of the organised crime group, State Crime Operations Command. Arm Robberies on the Gold Coast have been widely spoken about lately, as has the newly created Task Force Resolve. At the direction of the Commissioner, State Crime Operations Command is committed to work with the South Eastern Region to combat serious and violent crime on the Gold Coast. And we're now calling on the community to unite and to be the eyes and ears to assist police in shutting down Arm Robberies. Queensland Police Service has a strong partnership with the community organisation Crime Stoppers Queensland and will again join forces to launch Dobbina Robber, a South Eastern Region phone operation on Wednesday 22nd of June 2011. The campaign will specifically target Arm Robbery type offences and offenders operating within the community. The Queensland Police Service is seeking to utilise the strength and vigilance of the community to prevent these serious crimes continuing. We need you as a community to unite, stand up, speak up and report any suspicious behaviour or activity relating to Arm Robbery type offences and offenders. For every one of those Arm Robbery offences committed, someone in the community knows who is responsible. The partnership we have with Crime Stoppers Queensland is vital to police. We rely heavily on information supplied by the public through the Crime Stoppers Program to help us target these offences. This year to date, information provided through Crime Stoppers has helped police arrest seven people for Arm Robbery and a total of 506 people have been arrested and charged with Arm Robbery type offences since Crime Stoppers began in Queensland in 1989. This call to the community has proved to be successful in the past and I am sure it will be successful into the future. Even the smallest piece of information could be the link in the chain that leads to an arrest of an offender or the solving of a crime. The State Crime Operations Command provides statewide specialist support and is working with the South Eastern Region to solve violent and serious crime on the Gold Coast. These offenders are a danger to society and we are committed to prosecuting them and taking them off the streets. I ask you to contact Crime Stoppers if you have information in relation to any serious of violent crimes committed in Queensland. Dobbin and Rubber is a positive way you can take a stance against these violent offences that affect us all. Calls to Crime Stoppers are anonymous. Callers may leave their confidential details with Crime Stoppers if they wish and a detective will contact them if so provided. Crime Stoppers pays rewards of up to $1,000 from information at least on arrest. So next Wednesday the only number you need to know is 1-800-333-000 and Dobbin and Rubber.


Have you ever wondered just how to calculate that beta sub 0 and beta sub 1, the intercept and the slope in simple linear regression? In this video I'm going to show you just how easy that derivation is. Here we have a typical dataset where for every x value we have a y value. We need to predict a y value that is our outcome for every x value which is our feature. In order to do this we can create a linear function. At which function will best represent the data point values? Is it this one? Or this one? Or this one? Perhaps this one is best. Note that it is a simple linear function in the form y equals the slope times x plus the y intercept. But our data point values do not lie on this line. For every x value the y value is some distance away from the predicted y value at that point. These distances are called errors. To find the real y value we have to add the error value epsilon which may be positive or negative above or below the line. Through simple algebra we can create the function for the error. This equation shows the function for every error and to stick to statistical notation we replace the y intercept with beta sub 0 and the slope with beta sub 1. Once some errors are positive and some are negative we simply square each of them, makes them positive. Now the sum of all the squared errors is written like this. Note that it is a multivariable function in two variables beta sub 0 and beta sub 1. The x sub i and y sub i values are constants, our data points. We need to minimize the error. Remember that as a two variable function it is simply a shape in 3D space. It will have a minimum somewhere on the z axis. This is easily done by taking the partial derivative of beta sub 0 and beta sub 1 and setting these derivatives to 0. Let's take a look at how to take these partial derivatives. So now we have this equation for the sum of squared errors. Let's just have a look at it. I said we'll call it s and remember that this is a function of two variables beta sub 1 and beta sub 2 and that is purely the sum of yi minus beta 0 minus beta 1x sub i all squared. So I've just distributed the negative sign in there. And it is a three-dimensional shape. Some way it is going to have a minimum and that is what we want. We want the minimum, what line can we draw. We want these two coefficients so that we can minimize those little errors because that will give us the best line. So this is a multivariable function. We're going to take the gradient, we're going to do the partial derivative and we're going to take the partial derivative first with respect to beta 0. And that would just be the same as having a function in x and y and we can take the partial derivative with respect to x and respect y. It is confusing of course that we have x and y here so we're just not used to these terms. That is our two variables yi and y sub i and x sub i are just constants. They are two values in your data column for every x there's a y, for every x there's a y, for every x there's a y. So those are actually constant values. So these are constants and those are my coefficients. We're just not used to seeing like that. But how do we take the partial derivative of something inside of a sum? Well, let me show you how easy that is. At least for me the easiest way is just to expand the sum. So what are we saying by this summation sum? Remember this is going to go from i equals 1 to n. How many of these data points or pairs of data points do I have? But let's just expand this. It's quite easy to expand. The first one is just going to be, or let's just write s. This is going to be y1, the first one, minus b0, minus b sub 1, x1, all squared, plus, the next one is going to be, sorry, y2, minus b sub 0, minus b sub 1, x sub 2, squared, plus, and it just carries on. Next one will be 3, next one will be 4, next one will be 5. So that's just a simple polynomial and we know how to use the chain rule to get that derivative. So let's get, let's do this, let's take the partial derivative of s with respect to beta sub 0. So I'm going to have that ds, d beta sub 0, it is going to equal, well I can differentiate this. This is easy to do. That is just going to be 2y1, minus b sub 0, minus b sub 1, x1. So to write that, now I've got to do the derivative of the inside, that's a constant. That's the derivative with which respect to which we want to take. So that's just going to be negative 1. And we're doing the differentiation with respect to beta sub 0, not beta sub 1, that's a constant. So nothing happens there. Plus let's do this one. Again I'm going to bring a 2 in front, it's going to be y sub 2, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x2. And I've just got to do that derivative, which is negative 1 again, plus and we carry on. And what we want to do is we want to set this equal to 0. Remember when we wanted to get a minimum or a maximum, we take the derivative, wherever our derivative, our slope is 0, that is where we get a minimum or maximum. So we're just going to set that equal to 0. So if we set this equal to 0, we can take the 2 out. We can take the negative 1's out as common factors, so there's a negative 2 here and I'm going to divide it by this side, but it's 0 divided by negative 2, so I have nothing left there. So all I have left is basically this, y sub 1, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x1. So I'm going to have plus y sub 2, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x sub 2, plus, et cetera, and let's go to equal 0. And all I do now is I see I have y sub 1, plus y sub 2, plus y sub 3, plus y sub 4, well that's just the sum of all the y sub i's.  It's going to be n, remember there, it's going to be n of n, so that's minus n b sub 0. And what do we have left here? I can take this negative b sub 1 out, negative b sub 1 out, and I'm just left with then x sub 1, plus x sub 2, plus x sub 3, that is just the sum of the x sub i's and that equals 0. And all I have to do now is solve for this. If I take that over to the other side, that's going to be n b sub 0, and that's going to be the sum of y sub i, minus beta sub 1, sum of x sub i's, and I'm left with the fact that beta sub 0 equals the sum of y sub i, of y sub i, minus beta 1, the sum of x sub i's divided by n. So I have an equation now for beta sub 0, it unfortunately has beta sub 1 in it, but what I can do is take the partial derivative with respect to beta sub 1, and I'm going to get another equation which also contains both of these, and I can take my beta sub 0, and I can put that in place of the beta sub 1. I'm going to clean the board and I'll show you how to do the partial derivative with respect to beta sub 1. So we've cleaned the board and I've just put the equation for beta sub 0 on this side. Now let's take the partial derivative with respect to beta sub 1. Let's just do an expansion here, so I still have my function s, which is a function of beta sub 1, beta sub 0 and beta sub 1, and let's just expand this. So I'm going to have beta sub 1, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x sub 1, and that is squared, plus I'm going to have y sub 2, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x sub 2, and that is squared plus, and it carries on n times. Very simple to take the partial derivative using the chain rule. Remembering this is a constant, that's a constant, and that is a constant. Let's just use the chain rule, so I'm going to be left with 2, times y sub 1, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x sub 1, and I've just got to take the derivative of the inside as well. That's a constant, that's a constant, that is a constant. So I'm just going to be left with negative x sub 1, plus I'm going to take a 2 out, y sub 2, minus beta sub 0, minus beta sub 1, x sub 2, and I'm negative x sub 2 out there, plus that carries on, and I'm going to set that equal to, simply set that equal to 0. So very easy to do, very easy chain rule. Now let's just take some constants out as common factors. I can certainly take a 2 out every time. I can take this negative 1 out, but I can't take the x sub 1 out because x sub 1, x sub 2, those are totally different constants. So I can't take those out, but I certainly can take the negative 2 out, divide both sides by negative 2, 0 divided by negative 2, that's still going to give me a 0. And I'm just going to put this, distribute that in here. So that's x sub 1, y sub 1, minus b sub 0, x sub 1, minus beta sub 1, x sub 1, x sub 1, is x sub 1 squared. Plus, what do I have here? I have x sub 2, sorry, y sub 2, multiplying that throughout, minus beta sub 0, x sub 2, minus beta sub 1, x sub 2 squared, plus goes on for n times, and that equals 0. All we have to do is simplify using summation notation. I see I have an x sub 1, y sub 1, plus x sub 2, y sub 2, all the way to x sub n, n sub n, they all add it to each other. So I can use summation notation, x sub i, y sub i, very easy to do there. I see I have negative beta sub 0, negative beta sub 0, each time times a different constant there, so I can take negative beta 0 out as a common factor, and I'm just left with the x sub i's there as a summation. If I were to expand this, x sub 1, plus x sub 2, x sub, x sub 3, until x sub n, inside of parentheses, multiplied out by negative b sub 0, I get exactly what I get all along, and I'm going to do the exact same thing with beta sub 1. I'm going to take beta sub 1 out, and I'm left with a summation of x sub i squared, and it's each of those squared, squared there, and that should equal, and that should equal 0. Very simple notation that I have now, here with my summation notation, I have an equation with a beta sub 1 and a beta sub 0, but I know what beta sub 0 is, which I can just place inside of here with substitution. So let's have the sum of x sub i and y sub i, and negative, let's put this in here. That is the sum of the y sub i's minus beta sub 1 times the sum of x sub i's divided by n. I still have this sum of x sub i's that I have there, minus beta sub 1, and I have this sum of x sub i's squares, and that equals 0. We can multiply throughout by n over n, just to get this common denominator.  And on that side as well, I can take 1 over n out as a common factor, multiply both sides by n, n times 0, still stays 0. So what do I have now? So in essence, I've just gotten rid of my common denominator there. So I have n times the sum of x sub i, y sub i. Now I've got to be very careful what I do here. I've got this negative here and that, so don't make a mistake. So that is going to be negative the sum of x sub i, sum of y sub i. So I've multiplied that in there. I have negative times a negative, which is a positive. No problem there. Negative times a negative is a positive. I have my beta sub 1 there, and now I have this x sub i squared. I have two of them. So the whole thing squared, which is different from that. Because now here I'm left with negative n times beta sub 1, and I have the sum of x sub i squared, and that equals 0. All I have to do now is just get my beta sub 1s on the one side. Let's do that. So I'm left with n times x sub i, y sub i, the sum of that, minus. I have the sum of x sub i, sum of y sub i. So those are, remember, two different things. And I take these over to the other side. So that is going to leave me with n. That is going to leave me with n beta sub 1. I have the sum of x sub i squared. This over to the other side minus beta sub 1, and I have this summation, which is squared. Now let's just swap left and right hand out with each other. So on this side, I'm just going to take beta sub 1 out as a common denominator, as a common factor. I should say, if I have that as a common factor, what do I have left here? I have n times x sub i squared minus, I have this summation x sub i squared, and that equals this left hand side, which is n times the sum of x sub i, y sub i, minus the sum of x sub i, sum of y sub i. And all I need to do is divide both sides, divide both sides by this value here. So I'm left with beta sub 1, beta sub 1, and equals, that is going to be n times the sum of x sub i, y sub i, minus the sum of x sub i, sum of y sub i, and I divide that all by this, which is n times the sum of x sub i squared minus this summation squared. And there you have it, quite easy to do. Once you remember that you can just expand the summation. It's normal polynomials, they just remember what are constants and what are variables.  Substitute what you know for beta sub 0, because we've already done that, that's easy. And just don't make a mistake with multiplying out the negatives. Keep things like these two separate, the sum of x sub i, y sub i is different from that, and keep these two quite different as well. And I brought those two over to that side. If I kept them on this side and took these to the other side, I would have had to multiply out by negative one over negative one on the other side. Not an issue at all. I brought it over to that side to swap left-hand side and right-hand side, no issues. And I'm left with those beautiful two equations for the y-intercept and for the slope of my linear regression line for a single variable.