Okay, welcome everyone to the Provost Lecture Series. So today we're here to celebrate Professor Takahashi before he leaves Oise for his beautiful retirement back in Kyoto. And so please take a seat if you can move towards the front. And so in addition, so we have several speaker phones. Speaker phones, so if you have any questions after the talk please come forward, okay? And just a very brief kind of summary. Since we started the Provost Lecture Series in November 2022, and so we have many excellent speakers and all OISE faculty members, these are they have received significant awards or reach significant milestones such as being promoted to associate professor or full professors. And so today is the number 11 for the lecture series. And again I want to thank everyone who has been very supportive of this Provost Lecture Series covering many different divisions from Office of the Provost, the CPR, and also the core facilities engineering support section. They have been helping us to also CPR to design the gifts and also 3D print the test from the frame, special picture frame. So I just want to again thank everybody who has been a strong supporters for this lecture series. And so there are also some upcoming lectures before the end of the fiscal year. So in 22 days, Yaxia will be given Peace Provost Lecture Series and also professor Satoshi Mitori and also Yoko. And so the two last lectures are pretty close to each other due to people's availability and also the chair's availability. And so we'll send out reminders to remind everyone. And without further ado, so I would like to ask Professor Tengizoya to introduce Professor Takahashi and chair Takashi. Thank you Amy, yeah, right. So it is my great pleasure to take the role of a chair for Tomoyuki's special lecture. Yeah, I was honored and surprised that Tomoyuki nominated me as the chair for his lecture. Yeah, so but, yeah. So probably one of the reason is that we are graduated from the same high school. So in Komaba, yeah. So I didn't know that when I was a high school student but he was a few years, several years senior to me. And then actually, so his classmates includes quite the important people. For example, Dr. Omi who took the role of guiding Japan through the COVID and also Mr. Kuroda who guided the Japan's economy for the last decade, right. Yeah, so and after a few decades, I started my postdoc in New York biology and at that time the patch clamp was the coolest new technology. And I don't know that at that time but this is the kind of method Tomoyuki developed together with the birth sacrament. Yeah, so and then after joining OST, we took serotonin as one of the major research target. And then I realized that Tomoyuki was already doing in very pioneering work of how the serotonin works. For example, in this case in the spinal cord. Yeah, so and then basically wherever I go, I found Tomoyuki's previous footsteps. So I'm very much impressed. And furthermore, most recently we are working on like a functional MRI of mice using our mouse MRI facility here. So at that time, the difference of the brain response with and without anesthesia was a big issue for us to get the paper accepted. And then I again realized that Tomoyuki has already been working on this problem. Yeah, so I'm very honored to have this senpai, the senior from my school leading us in many different ways. So today you will hear a lot about his research career in the last half a decade, half a century. But yeah, so most recently I received an email like this. So Tomoyuki is also like an active person in the OIST tennis team. And then we have, I get this kind of mail and when I go to tennis court, I always find that Tomoyuki always already playing, yeah. So and then without spending any more time, I would like to ask Tomoyuki to present his lecture. Thank you. Thank you very much, Kenji and Ami for nice and introduction. And so I didn't know that I left my footstep. And but I know that he's coming from the same high school, yeah. And it's very nice to know. Anyway, so today I'm going to talk about my past work. And in the initial part I'd like to play back very quickly the work before I come to OIST. And thereafter I'd like to go into a little bit more through a play back of the work I did in OIST. And but it is, I found it very difficult to squeeze 50 years into a 40 minute, to be honest. And so let's start. So when I was a student in a medical school and I was interested in the brain, how brain works like other students. And I was particularly oriented to do a basic brain science and decided to do that. And they eventually wants to contribute to the therapy of the neuronal brain diseases, if possible, that was my dream. So I knocked the door of the pharmacology laboratory which is headed by Masanori Otsuka, who has discovered GAVA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in Harvard University in the Kufla's laboratory. And now he's a professor there. So I asked him and he proposed me a very interesting project, interesting but very challenging project which is to discover primary sensory neurotransmitters. So sensory neurotransmitter was not totally unknown. The motor transmitter was established to be acetylcholine in 1931 by 35 by Henry Dale, but no information about sensory transmitter. So if you know a little bit of anatomy in the spinal cord, there are two roots. One is a dorsal root and the other one is a ventral root. And the dorsal root is exclusively sensory fiber and ventral roots is a motor fiber which innervates to the muscle. And so the strategy or working hypothesis of Masanori was that if there is a sensory transmitter it must be in the dorsal roots but not in the ventral roots. So it's a very strong hypothesis. But, and so we then started to find a bioactive substance which is exclusively expressed in dorsal roots. So you went to the slaughterhouse and collected the dorsal roots and ventral roots and made a rough, very crude extraction and put it to the ghetto filtration column. And we found that there is indeed a bioactive peak which is just on the dorsal roots but not in the ventral roots. Do you see here on the side? And so this peak has a peptide properties can be abolished via chymotropic treatment. So we called it dorsal root peptide with unknown origin. But anyway, so it has a gut contracting bioactivity. So it's a far from the sensory transmitter by itself. But it is anyway, it is a dorsal root bioactivity. And so and then we realized that the substance peak has a similar bioactivity. Substance peak was discovered by Von Neuerer in 1931. And so this was actually the primary sequence was elicited at that moment. And it was a undecopt peptide. And then we obtained the synthetic substance peak and compare the properties dorsal root peptide in two-dimensional electrophoresis, high voltage electrophoresis and found that they're identical. So we identify the dorsal root peptide is a substance peak. And so and then as a next step, I wanted to know the sensory ending in the spinal code where it goes and where is it substance peak is concentrated. And I did a separation of the region in the dorsal in the spinal code and found it in the dorsal lateral part of the dorsal home. It was highly concentrated there. But when you did that, so when we transact, when we cut the dorsal roots and if you wait several days, then this high concentration in the dorsal lateral part of the spinal cord is disappeared. And also at the cut end of the dorsal roots and there is a huge accumulation of this substance peak activity. So it means that substance peak is synthesized in the dorsal root ganglia and it is transported to the spinal cord and mainly released as a dorsal lateral part of the spinal cord. And so this actually is okay for a candidate for a sensory transmitter, but I thought it is more likely to be a pain transmitter rather than a general sensory transmitter. But Masanori has a different opinion. And so he wants to regard it as a general sensory transmitter. And so the key question is whether it has an excitatory response to in the motor neuron. So I tried to apply it to the motor neuron in first in vivo and failed for one year because pharmacology in vivo and was extremely difficult. And there is no clear cut results obtained by that. So I changed my strategy and into the slice. And I thought I have to see the motor neuron directly to make a proper pharmacology. So to see that, you need a thin slice. So for the right trapezee transplant, so I made 130 micrometer thick slice. It's open to a millimeter. And then this is a spinal cord slice. And then I managed to see the motor neuron under the TIC condenser with 40X auto-imagine objective. And I penetrates the micro, glass microelectrode into the motor neuron and I recorded the action potential and spontaneous potential. And when I applied glutamate by all of races to the motor neuron directly, I have got various responses of the glutamate. So it has, it certainly has a glutamate receptors, but unfortunately it couldn't produce a substance-free response. And then later it was established that substance-free the pain transfer effect. And it has no effect on the motor neuron, no direct effect on the motor neuron. So my failure was not too long. And about that, but at least I had got a preparation here. So which might be extended in the future, I thought. But I quit the project here and then went to the post-doc training to the University College London in 1977 in the laboratory of Bernard Katzen-Milleri. And so where I was trained to monitor the intracellular carcin dynamics. And that was away from my previous experience, but as a post-doc, it's a good experience, I thought. So I followed that. And then we have used a cooling, which is a jellyfish luminescence protein. And which we are donated from Dr. Shimomura. And then we injected it, I injected it into the skeletal muscle of the first twitch and throat twitch muscle. And I found that the kinetics of the intracellular calcium is very different. In the first twitch muscle, the calcium dynamics is much, much faster. So it corresponds well to the first construction and through construction. And this is against the dogma that the first and through construction is made of the myosin properties difference. So but it is, anyway, it is a results. So then, anyway. So after that, I come back to Kyoto. And I come back to Japan and I joined in Kyoto in the laboratory of Moto-Ikuno Physiology. And we are in the same campus. The famous molecular biologist, Numa, was cloning a lot of function receptors. And he actually cloned acetylchone receptor and asked us to help him, help them. With measuring the current caused by acetylcholine to be sure it is functions of their cloned receptors are real functional receptors. So they have used the CDNA, CRNA, into the xenophilic sites alphabetically modulated subunits. And I have made a two volt electrode voltage clamp and applied acetylcholine. And then I had a response which was reversibly blocked by the Clare, which is antagonist of the acetylcholine receptors. And thereafter, Numa wanted to go into the depths of each individual subunit function. And so, in fact, he has found alphabet gamma delta subunit and also epsilon subunit. So, and it was a bit too much for me to work on that. And they have decided to collaborate with Bruce Suckman in getting in. So I went to getting in. And then in the laboratory of the Bruce Suckman, we have used the outside expressed with alphabet gamma delta epsilon first. And then we have seen two different type of channels. One is slow and small conductance. The other one is fast and large conductance. But when we separate, separately expressed, alphabet gamma delta and alphabet beta epsilon delta, they are clearly separated. So it means, and then when we have seen it, we have got an idea. It must be a developmental switch from gamma to epsilon because it has been reported that the receptor channel is small and slow in early stage of the development and it become fast and larger. And it, in fact, it was confirmed in a bovine muscle in the Twitter and adult muscle channels coincided with gamma and epsilon containing receptors. So these are the kind of collaboration with numerous group and I have got that. For the first time, I've got a collaboration with a molecular biogest and it was quite educational and but it was also very, very hard because that the way of thinking is very different between molecular biogest and physiogest. So we had a lot of collision many times. But it was by itself, it was quite educational too. And during the time, I realized that I'm a physiologist. So I talked to Bruce Sackman and whether he's interested in applying the Patrick Lamp technique, he devised it to the Synthesized Collaboration which I developed in 1978. And he become extremely excited and become very positively agreed with it. And so we decided to collaborate together. And in the next two years, I come back and forth between getting in and Kyoto and we established the method. But it was, it took so long time, but at the end it turned out to be very, very simple. So to do the Patrick Lamp recording from the slice neuron, you have to remove the tissue covering the surface of the neuron.   And so we have applied the post-pressure from pipette, big pipette, and then it removed. Now this is a standard method now. And so, and it was established in 1989. And so this method has distributed to many, many laboratory in the world because this is the first time that one can record from the real neurons in the slice with Patrick Lamp method. And the advantage of Patrick Lamp is that it is extremely stable so that you can record one hour easily. And also you can control the intracellular ionic concentration, et cetera. So it is far better than microelectrode recording I did initially. And hence, it becomes universally available. And then I have to survive. So after several years, I was appointed to chairman in Tokyo University. And I've started, decided to start recording from press and after the tunnel. It's more challenging, not just from the neuron. And so to do that, I invited Ian Forsyth from West University and who has been working at this particular synapse colleagues held. That is a giant synapse in the auditory brainstem. And it's a glutamatergic synapse. And by doing the plan post-synaptic paired Patrick Lamp recording, we are able to see the response like that. And also we can load anything we like into the press and after tunnel. So that I think is a quite useful method. And so we decided to concentrate our work to the press and after tunnel because nothing much is known about the press and after property whereas post-synaptic properties are well known. So this is a black box and a new field. So we can actually cultivate by using this method. So among many things, I most my, one of my favorite work is about the challenge to the saturation hypothesis. So it was strongly believed that post-synaptic glutamate saturate post-synaptic receptor, glutamate receptor and preceptor. And if it saturate the synaptic efficacy is determined by a receptor density or receptor sensitivity, not from there is no room for the post-synaptic contribution. So but I wanted to test it directly and the direct method we can do is to, to load glutamate at high concentration in the post-synaptic tunnel. So that if we, if the receptor saturated the high, if you load high concentration glutamate that is incorporated in the vesicle by a vesicle transporter using the ATP. And then, then it is released but then it should, if it is saturated, it doesn't work. So there should be no difference in the response size. But when we unloaded the glutamate at high concentration, in fact the single vesicular response and multiple response are both enhanced clearly. So it means that is post-synaptic receptor is far from saturation. So this is quite revolutionary at this moment. And at that moment and other synapses, there are different strategies with experience made. And now people believe that the receptors are not saturated. So, so this strategy we use in opposite way.  But so that was after I retired at Tokyo University and I went to the, I moved to the Doshan University in Kyoto and in 2007 and where I worked with Tetsuhori here. And so, we first wash out the glutamate from the presynaptic site soil. Then the EPSC size declines to the close to zero. And then we, at the same time, we load a caged glutamate. Caged glutamate is glutamate but it is inactive because it is bound to caged compound. But if you apply UV light, it is cleaved so that the glutamate is freed and the glutamate concentration quickly goes up. So we used it and then the EPSC amplitude and goes back to the original size. So from this time course of the recovery, we estimate the refilling time of glutamate into the vesicle and which turn out to be 14 second at room temperature and seven second at physiological temperature. And so this is quite slow in a way. And so it means that it's a late limiting step of the vesicle reuse after recycling. So if there is a very fast endocytosis, something like sub second and millisecond endocytosis, it doesn't mean much to the total physiology because the vesicle is empty so it doesn't do any physiological contribution. So the vesicle has to wait another 10th of a minute, 10th of a second before it is fully filled with neurotransmitter. So it has a big physiological impact to measure the time course of the refilling. And another piece of work is made on the question of the distance between the synoptic vesicle and the calcium channel in the nerve terminal. And so this was made just by collaboration with Angus Silva in the University of Scotland and David DeGorio in the past two. And Rui Shigemoto in Aista and so we work together and so Nakamura headed this work. And we measure the calcium transient from the terminal, calyx of the terminal in the top, which follows action after action potentials in a confocal spots in different spots of the terminal. And we loaded EGTA into the present terminal to chelate calcium and to see how much the EPSC size is attenuated. And we made a simulation out of this and other results, including the freeze fracture identification of the gold-stained calcium channel particles by Shigemoto. And we found it and he found it is clustered in the terminal. So it's a calcium terminal clustered and calcium channel has a cluster. And so the measurement should be from the vesicle to the cluster of the calcium channel. So it's a perimeter of the calcium channel. So this perimeter vesicle distance is turned out to be a 10th of a nanometer, which we calculated and estimated from the simulation. And then it fits very well to the reality. And when this distance become longer, the response become smaller and slower so that the transmission, signal transfer becomes smaller. And in fact, it was a case in the very immature synapses, the distance is longer, and then it becomes shorter during the development. And that's other synapses like hippocampus in this coupling distance is much longer. So the response itself is very slow in hippocampus compared with the delay synapse, the KXFERD, which is extremely fast synapses. So then I, at the same time to the Doshi University, I've got an appointment in OIST. So from now it is working in OIST. So in OIST, I have got a small laboratory in Urumasete and that was with Yamashita and Oisei Buchi and worked and worked on the building also. And so Yamashita, I have been working in the Urumasete and I have been working in the Urumasete and I have been working in the Urumasete so Takayuki Yamashita introduced the capacitance measurements, which is a capacitance measurements of the pre-snap membrane. The membrane capacitance is proportional to the membrane area, as you know, if you know a bit of physics. And this, so that it is to measure the membrane, pre-snap membrane, yeah? And so in fact, one femur followed response to 12.7 vesicle. vesicle has a 50 nanometer outer diameter so you can actually calculate that. And so when vesicles are exocytosis and they are the release transmitters at the same times, many, many vesicles used at the same time. So there is a big jump in initially this exocytosis followed by a slow recovery, that is because of the endocytosis, which is occurring more randomly. And so that using this capacitance measurement, you can actually separate exocytosis and endocytosis. So this is a very useful tool for the dissecting mechanism of the pre-snapt function. So, and Eguchi used this, Yamashita used this and reported that endocytosis by itself is calcium dependent, not just exocytosis, but endocytosis is also calcium dependent. And Eguchi found that exocytosis and endocytosis are kind of balancing. So when there is a massive exocytosis, endocytosis become faster and to compensate the loss of vesicles. And so this compensation is mediated by the very sophisticated cascade, starting from glutamate to NMDA receptor, neutral nucleic acid NO, and PKG, G-kindness and low-kindness and PAP2 to the endocytosis. And so you can say that because if you use a blocker, it can be easily abolished. So the monitoring the endocytosis slowing by the, in the presence of the blockers, which was in many cases loaded directly into the north tunnel, Kaxwell, the president of the tunnel, and we have to use that. And that dimeter of after it become a full time professor in OIST 19 at 15, no, 22, sorry, 215 dimeter of has developed a very nice preparation, for culture preparation. He dissected out the presnapdic and post-snapdiculation separately and co-culture and the four new snaps which is turned out to be giant. And so this is a calyx-like terminal in culture. So if you put it in the culture from slice, the advantage is that it is transparent so that you can easily make an imaging studies. And also you can easily manipulate genetically. So this advantage we take the after the, after it. And using this preparation, the low end gear, monitored, loaded basic, basic fluorescent tag into the, into the, into the vesicle during the endocytosis. And he actually levered abundant vesicles in the nocturne and monitored dynamics of the vesicles directly in the nocturne. And Oomachi, as a postdoc, he loaded instead a few vesicles and then follow the single vesicle traffic. And during the high frequency stimulation, he managed to see the directional movement which started after stimulation. And so these are the kind of advancement. And the ZAK topic and who came from Maruyama unit and joined us and helps us for the PRT issues and everything. And but now he become interested in the proteomics and he devised, he elaborated very high resolution proteins by himself. And so I advise him to learn the synaptic vesicle fraction from Reinhardt yarn in getting in. So he visited Reinhardt yarn in getting in and learned how to separate synaptic vesicle fraction from the synaptosomal fraction. And so he did a synaptosomal and vesicle fraction proteomics and found three times more abundant protein than previously reported. So it's a lot of protein hidden because of the similarity in the structure and also the abundance is low. So he has actually picked up many or almost every less abundant, unabundant protein. And so this is a quite a nice catalog and a platform for the future study. And in fact, many of the this protein including the very rare proteins can be associated with the neuronal disease and cognitive and sensory and motor and these are all associated like this. So this is a big future for the future studies. So but we are still in the electrophysiological side and we thought it's important to characterize the synaptic dysfunction in the major brain disease and which is Parkinson's disease and other disease which is most abundant among people and which is very serious and very difficult to cure. And these two diseases have a common features and both start from the low part of the brain for instance and go up to the higher upper brain. And so the protein, both are carried by protein. In the protein, the alpha-synclin for Parkinson's disease and tau for the Alzheimer's disease and alpha-synclin is a wild type alpha-synclin monomer is soluble type alpha-synclin accumulates and then polymerized and then precipitates into the so-called levy body, LV. And then you can see by history where it is so that they found that it is in the basal ganglia which is the center of the motor control. So when the alpha-synclin precipitates into the basal ganglia, motor control is distorted. And this propagation is like prion and it's an interneuronal or trans-synaptic transfer. And in the case of Alzheimer's disease and it is tau protein which is tau is usually attached to the micro-tubes and in fact it is assembling multiple micro-tubes but when it is phosphorylated it's detached from the micro-tubes and phosphorylation is made by different factors including beta-ameloid. And the beta-ameloid usually increase early in the age say up to 50 or 60 years old and then when it comes to the plateau the tau starts to increase. And as tau increases the cognitive problem starts so it has a more direct correlation between tau and cognitive impairment. And so we thought it is important to follow up the tau as a target. So first we wanted to know what happens if you inject tau or alpha-synaptic into the characteristics of the trans-synaptic tunnel. So we did it and then we found that it works quite strongly and it actually reduced the EPSC size to 20% or less within 30 minutes in the case of tau but when it is stimulated at one hertz that when it's stimulated open to one hertz you have a very little effect. So it's a frequency dependent run down of the EPSC. And similarly the alpha-synocrine when it is loaded at open to O3 hertz stimulation it has no effect but when it is stimulated at 100 hertz the transmission from plateau to post-synaptic by action potentials decrease. So it's a fidelity of transmission is declined with time. So and then alpha-synocrine actually repairs the fidelity strongly in the presence of others in the native network. And so this is so together this is a sort of you know low pass filter effect. So it just blocks the high frequency transmission but low frequency transmission is going through. So it's a low pass filter so-called. And this low pass filter we see also in the effect of the general anesthetics isofluoran so which was found by Honey One post-doc. So in the case of the isofluoran blocks synaptic transmission and that it is more strongly at higher frequencies at 200 hertz it has a very strong effect but open to hertz it has no effect. So it has it is again it is a low pass filter. So the frequency of the transmission is very, very important. And the low frequency transmission is important for the maintain the life. And if you block it the life is lost but high frequency stimulation you can lose it but you lose a high function between such as a cognition and a motor control or the release of the important molecules like a monamine transmitter like a dopamine, silicon and noradrenaline and also peptides including substance. So this needs a high frequency stimulation to release. So the high frequency stimulation is a kind of a key point to the high function of the brain. And so these key functions are in here. So it is not surprising that if the tower accumulates if the alpha-cylinder accumulates a basal ganglia it's function is impaired. And if it accumulates the tower accumulates in the hippocampus it appears it's low role of the cognition, the learning in the memory. And it is not surprising also that when general anesthesia is applied everything is attended. Everywhere. So that is our tentative conclusion. And so the next step is to find out the target of the peptide and the pathogenic protein. And so we did a capacitance measurement and we found that it was endocytosis. It was attacked first. So the tower alpha-cylinder actually appears endocytosis first. And when endocytosis is compromised then the exocytosis gradually declines. And because of the recycling and the recycling cannot catch up the basic supply at the release sites which is more severe when the release is at high frequency. So it explains why high frequency transmissions appear so easily. So, but anyway the target, main target is endocytosis. So the next question is why is the endocytosis appeared by tower synchrine? So we have, and you have to remember that the tower is a microtubus binding protein and it actually assembles tubulin into microtubus. And also our synchrine has a similar effect. So, and in fact if you inject the tower into the karyx terminal in the green picture and you'll see that the tower loaded in that karyx and in this karyx microtubus also increases in pink color. And the important thing is that there is one another player which is called the dynamin. And the dynamin, the GTP is nomadic and GTP is of the 100 kilodalton large monomeric GTP. And this is important for the endocytosis because it cut off the membrane from the plasma membrane to the vesicle. So it's the final cutting off of the membrane. And the dynamin, surprisingly the dynamin is a microtubus binding protein which I found in the old literature. And it was discovered as a microtubus binding protein. So I thought that it must be the dynamin which sequestered, which is sequestered by the microtubus over assembled by the tower. So that was my hypothesis and we actually tested that. And in fact here in the vitro experiments made by Takei and Nupayama and so dynamin by itself is soluble most of the time but if you put the microtubus, most of them are kind of insoluble. So it's a PPD in this. Likewise, in the slice loaded with the spikes with the tower, the insoluble immobile dynamin in places. So it means that the free soluble dynamin decreases. So this is consistent. So it's a time to rescue the disease. And so we actually, the simplest way to rescue the synaptic dysfunction is to depolymerize the microtubus. So we have used the nocodazole which is known to be depolymerizer and it's nicely or perfectly this decovers and the synaptic entailment in both of the synaptic tower and the NBTSC lander and the fidelity lander. So all are actually solved by breaking out the microtubus. But we need more specific. We need to rescue because nocodazole is not going to be a good drug. So we actually try to find out the interaction side between microtubus and dynamin and which is not known. So we had to make a screening assay and we randomly made 20 peptides at the pH domain which is sort of the same as the NBTSC lander. pH domain which is sort of the pH domain which is instructing so. And we found that the number five peptide which is D-H-D-P5 we call has a risking effect. So we could rescue the in vitro binding and rescue the endocytosis in the brew and then rescue the synaptic lander. So this peptide pH-D-P5 is quite good in vitro. So we have a very small time left but we have another two slides to go. So then we wanted to load it to the NBTSC lander real animal in the brew. And so we decided to infuse it into the Alzheimer's disease model mask. And so before that we have to be sure that it goes into the brain. So we put the other cell permeable peptide sequence at the pH domain and monitor to monitor the FITC in the end tunnel. And also we made a scrambly control and then we infuse the mice through the nose. So nasal infusion. So five times, no, no, four, five days, once in one day and five days a week except for Saturday and Sunday. For four weeks. And then when we see how that cutting the tissue section we found that fortunately this peptide was found in the hippocampus. So this is because probably the noses, nasal membrane is very close to the hippocampus. That is one advantage. Another advantage that that part is not very much protected by the blood-brain barrier. So these two, we have got that dragging into the brain. These are the hippocampus region. And these white spots on the right-hand side is the other FITC of the THD design. And then we did a behavior task. And so this is a Morris water mice, so-called the famous and standard method for the learning and memory test. And so when the mice is put into the autobus, which is a target solution, and although there is a platform, mice don't know whether there is. And the mice learn how to get it with time. And it becomes faster and faster in normal cases. But in this AD, Alzheimer's disease is more than mouse. It never learns, and so it is nearly flat. Even after all these try-ups, and it's the same for the scrambled infused mice. But if you infuse this DP5, then it learns like a wild type, so it actually acquires memory, learning ability during the Pfizer infusion. And the right-hand side is a memory test. It's testing the memory retention. So in the fifth day, you remove the platform and let the mice swim in the bus, and then you follow the trajectory. And the original place of the platform is one quadrant. And so how many times the mice visit that quadrant is evaluated. And in the case of the AD mouse, it never visits there, so preferentially. So it's less than 20%, 5%, but in the case of PhDP5 applied mice, this improved and more than nearly 40% of time they are staying in that program. So they are remembering whether that there is a platform in that quadrant. So it actually recovers the memory, so learning a memory is required. So it is our interpretation. So just to follow my trajectory, I started to find out the sense of the transmitter and then made a since last preparation and the test and the excitation. And then after some training in the UCL and also in collaboration with molecular biologists, I developed a particular method in synthesize. And I actually put it to the personality kind of preparation for this health. And we introduced capacitance measurement and basically N-cytosis. And also presented to the measuring instruments, but then we tested the synaptic dysfunction mechanism in Alzheimer's disease and part of the disease. And we were able to rescue synaptic dysfunction at least in the AD mouse mode. So the final end should be to rescue the patient. But the time is over. So that is, but it's okay. It's not my job to do that. So it's a job of the pharmaceutical company for the clinician. So I'm happy to open these results to the world and to some good laboratory to advance that. So these are our members, staffs. And so thank you very much for your listening. Thank you very much, Tomoki, for your long-time contribution to OIST and then the high level of research. Yeah, okay. Yeah, and then there's a reward for this seminar. So the provost office prepared this plaque so that sentence is a dear Tomoki in admiration of your pioneering investigation into what really happens in the synapses in our brain. So enjoy more time to play tennis in Kyoto. Thank you very much.


Carolina Plushkova vs. Magnet Lynette is the third quarterfinal for the ladies singles at the Australian Open for 2023. And both ladies have been impressive to get to the quarterfinal stage. Lynette started the tournament off unseeded and would take on Shariff in the first round. And after a close first set she'd get through in straight 7-5-6-1. In the second round she'd take on the number 16 seed Contovate. And after dropping the first set would have to fight to get back getting through in 3-3-6-3-6-4. In the third round she'd take on the number 19 seed Alexandrova. And this was by far her best performance beating the Russian in straights 6-3-6-4. In the fourth round she took on the number 4 seed Caroline Garcia. And after a shaky start and a close first set she caused one of the upsets of the tournament getting through in straights 7-6-6-4 to get to her first grand slam quarterfinal. Plushkova started the tournament off as the number 30 seed and would take on Wong in the first round. But this was no trouble getting through in straight sets 6-1-6-3. In the second round she'd take on Putinseva. And again this was an easy match for Plushkova getting through in straight sets 6-1-7-5. In the third round she'd take on Gracheva who had beaten Kazakina in the first round. And again Plushkova looked great getting through in straights 6-4-6-2. In the fourth round she'd play against the number 23 seed Song. And again Plushkova just dominated from the start winning in straight sets 6-1-6-4 to get to the quarterfinals again in Australia. These two have played nine times before with Plushkova leading the head to head 7-2 in their last meeting happening back at the Billie Jean King Cup last year. But they did play a very close three set up at the US Open last year. If Lynette's going to win she needs to keep the variety and get Plushkova on the run. We all know that Plushkova isn't great at moving around the court. She loves to stand there and hit winners so Lynette has to get on the offensive before Plushkova does. If Plushkova is going to win this one she needs to serve well and take over the baseline. Make her opponent run. I mean just like what she has to avoid happening to her. She needs to keep aggressive and she gets off to that good start again. She'll probably be in the semis again. This is a really interesting match because I think a lot of us didn't think we're going to see this match up with the names that were around. I mean Garcia and Kazakina were in this part of the draw. I'm going to go with Plushkova. I think experience will win the day and she'll get to the semifinals in three sets. But let me know down in the comments below who do you think is going to win this one.


The Jack Venie Program presented by Lucky Strike ... and I'm REIIICKNNNN. Lucky Strike, and Lucky Strike alone offers you important evidence gathered in the tobacco country by the world famous Crosley Pole. This evidence reveals the smoking preference of auctioneer buyers and warehousemen the men who really know tobacco. Here's what the Crosley Poe found for their own personal smoking enjoyment. the independent tobacco experts, again named Lucky Strike first choice lucky strike first choice over any other brand these experts know their business their overwhelming preference for lucky strike we believe has a direct relationship to the quality tobacco we purchase for luckies and to the real deep down smoking enjoyment you may expect from fine tobacco and when these veteran tobacco experts name lucky strike first choice for their own personal smoking enjoyment then you know ls mfd ls mfd lucky strike means fine tobacco and in a cigarette it's the tobacco that counts so smoke the smoke tobacco experts smoke lucky strike remember independent tobacco experts again name lucky strike first choice lucky strike first choice over any other brand the lucky strike program starring jack belly with fairy living in philharis rochester dennis day and yours truly down will ladies and gentlemen as most of you know last week jack benny visited the ronald colman's and he persuaded ronnie to lend him his academy award oscar as jack left the colman house the following incident happened she was awfully nice and ronnie to let me take his oscar home so i could show it to rochester true as dark tonight no moon oh well he had a d dot on the d dot on dot on d dot on d dot on hey bud bud huh you got a match yeah yes i have one right here don't make a move this is a stick up mister put down that gun shut up i said this is a stick up now come on your money or your life look bud i said your money or your life i'm thinking it over now look mister come on give me a wallet i'll let you have it all right mister don't you don't you here's my wallet good and i'll take that package you're carrying too this this packet but it isn't mine belongs to ronnie colman he wanted to hide down and give it to me or i'll drill you all right all right don't drill me here it is i'll lay down on the sidewalk and count to 100 yes yes one two three four five six yes ladies and gentlemen that's what happens sunday night as we look in on jack now it's the following morning mary i thought of a million different things i don't know what to do oh jack stop pacing the floor and sit down you're making a nervous wreck of yourself he was like that all night miss lives in never slept away what am i going to do how can i ever explain this to ronnie jack you've got to control yourself you'll have a breakdown now why don't you have some breakfast no ma'am i couldn't eat a thing i don't care if i never eat again he hasn't been this upset since tita baron got married i'm at my wit's end i can't tell ronnie as oscar was stolen never speak to me again i can't tell the police about the holdup because then it'll get in the papers i don't know what in the world can i do why don't you care yourself say that's not an oh stop i'm not in the mood for jokes there must be some way i can get that oscar back well why don't you put an ad on the beaverley health paper and offer a reward no mario reward would just be a waste of time who'd return it for what i'd offer mr billy if it'll get you out of this mess why don't you make the reward substantial give a thousand dollars well we're back for killing yourself yeah there must be some other way out it seems impossible that i should be held up right in front of my own house you know you still haven't told me what happened i don't know any of the details yet you you don't well mary this is exactly what happened as i was leaving ronnie's house he loaned me his oscar so i could show it to rochester i was walking home carrying the oscar under my arm when a sinister looking man steps out of my head hey bud bud huh you got a match yes i have one right here don't make a move this is a stick up a stick up put down that gun or i'll press you to within an inch of your life no no no not just a second mister don't you come any closer they think you scare me with a gun where i'll break your arm look mister i didn't want to do this but i had to i had to get money for my wife but children well you didn't have to pull a gun on me if you wanted money all you had to do was ask i'm going to take that gun away from you and you'll see look i'm one of you don't you come any closer all right you ask for it take that oh yeah well you take that and that uh jack what were you doing to the crook one you said take that man he was handling this wallet in the oscar i was not mary while i was beating him up i dropped the oscar he picked it up and ran off down the street honestly i was never so no who could not be i don't want to see anyone oh calm down jack i'll go to the door gee i feel so sorry for poor jack he's trying so hard to be brave but i know he's been crying mascare is running i'm hoping get out of this mess oh hello don hello mary where's jack i've got something very important to tell him well don this isn't a good time to talk to him he's very upset suppose you tell me what it is well it's about the quartet they won't be able to appear on the program sunday why not well now very you may not believe this but all the members of the quartet became fathers this morning don you mean that each one of the four singers had a baby all except the baritone he had twin no yes but waiter they had five of the cutest babies you ever saw and mary you'll never guess what they've named them what ls mf and barbara barbara it was a girl well that's logical look down i'll go in and tell jack all about it okay mary thanks a lot goodbye bye imagine all the singers in the quartet having babies the same day that's what you call close harmony oh brother bagged my eyes and called me fred alan what took you so long mary who was it oh it was dawn he said the quartet won't be on the broadcast sunday oh fine everything happens to me well they couldn't help it jack their wives all had babies the same day and you'll never guess what the baritone's wife had unless it's an Oscar i'm not interested she had twins but jack what he's going to do about a quartet for the broadcast i don't know the fine time for them to have children why couldn't they have transcribed them for release at a more convenient time anyway i got enough to worry about without the quartet say boss i've got a great idea what some friends of mine are making a personal appearance here in town and maybe they'd come over and help you out who are they rochester the ink spots the ink spots oh they would be wonderful do you think they do it rochester sure i'll call them have them here in a few minutes but good use the phone in the hall well yes sir i better call them right away so that you'd better answer the door first hello chester is the master of the metropolis at home yeah come on in mr has you'll find him in the library but he's feeling mighty low well that's a good thing i came over i'll cheer him up i'll go in there throw some of that hair as sunshine on him and bring back the bloom to those withered old cheeks oh hiya liby you dreamed out hello how are you jackson hello hello hey jackson did you hear the one about the two sparrows who were arguing on the pump and one of them kept flying off the handle looks like the smog is moving in on that hair as sunshine look bill i'm in no mood for jokes well that's right bill the jack's feeling pretty bad on the way home last night he was held up well that's not to be ashamed of i've been held up many times on my way home bill i was robbed now why don't you come over here for yeah look jackson i'm figuring on buying a small ranch and i got most of the dough but i need a little more to swing the deal and i was kind of wondered if you'd lend me uh ten thousand dollars mary tell him i'm not at home oh wait a minute jackson i don't like asking you but i went to the bank and they turned me down now if you turn me down too well well i'll well i'll just have to go to alice well phil i i'd like to help you wait a minute jackson i ain't asking you to give me nothing we'll make it a regular business deal like when you loan me money before i'll sign papers for the loan pay your interest and everything well are you are you willing to put up security yeah but not like last time we missed the kids right phil i'll have my business manager draw up the paper excuse me free erupting boys but mr ronald colman called oh no oh yes he said he's having guests for them wants you to return his oscar immediately phil you better go get the money from alice now ronnie wants his oscar back this is the last straw mary you know what i'm gonna do well not now jack a gun is so noisy and i've got a splitting headache i don't mean that i'm going to check a list of all the people who ever won oscars and maybe borrow one of them so i can give it to ronnie till i get his back hey that sounds like a pretty good idea let's see now last year the officers won by fedric march and livy to havin well that won't help pretties out of town and olivia hasn't talked to me since i put too much starch in her doilies who else is there well ray malan won an oscar ah what a picture yeah and so did john crawford and loretta young and bing crossby and uh hey that's it mary he's the one bing crossby i did him a big favor i was on a show a couple of weeks ago and it isn't easy to be on his show the needle scratches go over to see bing right away and ask him to lend me his oscar okay jack i'll drive you there i have my car right outside good good now who can that be i'll give it boys well hello gentlemen come right in hey boys boys yeah it's the end spots the end fellas hello mr benny i'm glad to meet you you thank you now gentlemen as i told you over the phone mr benny's quartet campy on the program next week and he'd like to have you do a number for him on sunday's show we get very happy to yes very happy good good well fellas i was just leaving so could i hear the number right now do you happen to know if i didn't care do you know loving blue oh oh i see what you mean well go ahead boys uh let's have it if i didn't care the same would my end can end in with just your name come back would all this speed if i didn't care if i didn't care what i smoke baby smoke any kind of a cigarette but i do care honey child that's why i smoke lucky strikes i smoke lucky strikes cause according to that crosslet pole their first choice baby you want to know something else on your child they're so proud so proud so full of that so free and easy on the draw unless they haven't been what they see are fine beyond the company this must be true you do it on the show thank you mr benny yes thanks very much roger sir come here a minute yes uh how uh how much are they going to charge me to be on my show well boys they send us a favor to me they're going to show up with nothing for nothing well i wouldn't think of it that's ridiculous go in the kitchen and fix them some sandwiches not you boys when it comes to guest stars brand is no object come on mary drive me over to crossbees there's been crossbees house over there on the left just pull into the driveway here i can't jack there's a sign it says keep driveway clear trucks loading must be sending his money to the bank well toot the horn we'll see if he's home well there's being in the upstairs window honking in seashore this is a pleasant surprise come up to the front door i'll let you in come on jack now remember you just can't come right out and ask him to lend you his Oscar be a little subtle about it i know i know watch these steps right hello barry come right in it oh jack's with me all the way what come in come on come on in hope you folks will forgive the way i'm dressed i wasn't expecting anybody right it's sort of dressed up and shirt you've got on looks like finnian's rainbow especially with that part on the end of it well well well it's rumored you're pretty funny on the air too we'll not discuss one's alleged talent in the entrance hall first time you've been to this house isn't it you have any trouble finding it no no no i just followed my nose hope tried that once wound up on mouth wilson to shoot him down well well it's rumored you're pretty funny on the air too yeah you're pretty fast to the old ad lib there kid all you have to do is hear it once isn't it yes yeah you know being we were just driving by and thought we'd drop in for a social visit jack get to the point but be subtle leave it to me a big how about showing us the house you know take us into the den or do you keep your asker in another room ask oh i got that in the trophy room oh good no if you insist on seeing the den i'd love to show it to you no no no we've been right through this door she what a beautiful den well we've been here long enough now let's go into the um let's go to the trophy room oh jack look at that picture on the man of peace bing are those your children yeah those are the four boys the two in the end are twins twins well that's a good incident you know this morning my baritone's wife had an asker jack i mean it must be wonderful having four children by the way where's dixie oh she had to go to the hospital to visit her cousin bing are you sure it isn't the store positive i got him in my trophy room well let's go see him you know i've never seen a stuffed asker i mean store okay just follow me here oh excuse me a minute well hello hello fancy here from you sure i want you on my show i've been expecting you for a long time how long will take you to get here two days well good i'll meet you at the train bye so who is that rudolf schmohappa i'm gonna take him a couple days to get here no where does he live the do what did he or people come from there i mean now bing how about going to the trophy room oh yes the trophy room right down this hall here mary i'll lift you over no i'll just walk around him find place for a horse to sleep i can't understand why bing i was stepping over him and he got up and he can't stand up low yeah i guess you're right for old thing yeah the veterinarian said he was gonna die yesterday but none of my horses finish on time kids here's the trophy room jack look at all the heads mounted on the wall gosh bing you sure must have done a lot of hunting yeah what's that big head over there yours you're looking in the mirror the one with the brown eyes that big head over there that's our moose oh what's a small one a mouse has sir shot the mouse in Wyoming and caught the moose under the icebox you ought to try hunting jackson you ought to try it especially the big game bing the only big game that jacks interested in it's a buffalo and it has to be on a nickel mary he traps him with one finger in a telephone slot well it ain't easy sister well bing this is really a beautiful room i never saw some wait a minute say bing why have you got that picture frank's a knock around the wall kids throw darts at it chicken pox there now bing let's see the trophies when there they are right over there in the cabinet oh boy look at all those cups what'd you get them for bing well i grabbed this cup here for winning a golf tournament at lakeside i got this one for winning the saturday i need a handicapped saturday the handicapped one horse no horse ran myself paid six pennies just got up the last jump oh that little tiny cup on the end that's not a cup as a thimble the four kids got to do a lot of sewing yeah you see this one here jack i got this one i got married when you got married yeah it's a dixie cup why do i take jokes from phil harris and brother well look bing the trophy that i'm most interested in isn't the oscar you won for going my way yes we'd love to see that one bing oh the oscar why didn't you say so i'll get it for you then eight you in there yeah pop what do you want you'd have to give me my oscar i can't know i'm taking a bath oh for heaven's sake why don't you use something else for a stopper you let your son use the oscar for a stopper in the bathtub yeah it's on his web too when i want to crack nuts with it it's murder well i'm really anxious see the oscar bing but we can wait till your boy gets through with his bag he'd be two in a minute say bing while we're waiting how about singing a song for us oh mary bing doesn't want to sing i do too any well i'll try out a new tune on your called haunted heart clever number i hope you like it let me be my song was beautiful thanks mary it's pretty good for a chorus denise day gets a chorus and a half i get a quarter i'll sing a couple of more you up to that right say bing look your son brought out the oscar put it on the table yeah gee doesn't that oscar look wonderful now bing i might as well get right to the point i'm in an awful spot i've just got to borrow your oscar for a little while well look bub if you need an oscar instead of going around trying to borrow one go make a picture win one hey i never thought of that but bing it's too late for that i need it now you can't make a picture in one day they took longer on the horn blows at midnight sing a couple of days it took almost a week to make but bing look i just wanted for a few days i'll give it right back to you what's the deal jack why do you need an oscar all of a sudden well jack why don't you tell him the truth tell him what happened all right i will you see bing i was over ronald colman's house and he let me borrow his oscar to take to my house to show rochester i was walking home carrying the oscar when suddenly a sinister looking man stepped out of the head hey bud bud huh you got a match yeah i got one right here i'll make a move this is a stick up what you heard him this is a stick up oh two of you huh do you think you're scaring me with those guns i'll make you eat them and spit out the bullets hey paint this guy's pretty tough we better call the rest of that gang yeah all right then come on we need help now look mr we don't want no trouble with you we've got guns and hand grenades so watch it can't scare me i'll take on your whole outfit and bing when the whole thing was over i knocked out all their men but one independent tobacco experts again named lucky strike first choice lucky strike first choice over any other brand the famous crossley poll has just completed an impartial survey in 11 southern tobacco states this poll taken among tobacco experts reveals the smoking preference of the men who really know tobacco yes for their own personal smoking enjoyment the independent tobacco experts again named lucky strike first choice lucky strike first choice over any other brand these are the experts auctioneers buyers and warehouses and we believe their overwhelming preference for lucky strike as a direct relationship to the quality tobacco we purchase for luckies you've heard the poll results now listen to what mr floyd played better on warehouse owner from kentucky recently said up through the years i've seen american by tobacco that's ripe and mild tobacco with real flavor and melanus i've smoked luck 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What is up, everyone? It is Coach Rob DeBorah with my great friend over here, Dustin Schaefer. We've been having a lot of fun with this series. We'll call it a series late night with David Letterman style. The top 10 objections, you know, Letterman always had the top 10 list and now every talk show I think has copied that and we thought we'd do the same. So here we are, the top 10 objections to drinking ketones from the health fitness nutrition industry. And Dustin, really kind of the motive behind this wasn't to be like, see, we told you so. It's really to educate people on all the questions that you and I probably have had over the last eight years and certainly that we've answered multiple times. Today, we're working on number seven, the number seven objection from the health fitness nutrition industry to drinking ketones is, I'm not trying to lose weight. Oh, well, good. It's Rob, you know what's funny about that is anytime somebody says that to me, what it tells me is they really don't know what this is. It's just, it shows them the level of understanding, not that we're trying to make you feel bad or ignorant about that something, but it just shows me you're up the bat. They just don't get it, right? When you think about what ketones really do for the brain, the muscle, the heart, the body. I would agree.  I mean, look, the health fitness nutrition industry is premised around weight loss. You know, I don't even like calling it weight loss because that's very different than fat loss and it's certainly different than creating muscle. You know, I would love to change the narrative. Even the terminology, losing a negative term, negative work, losing weight to winning muscle. Like if people would win muscle, they would almost always lose fat. If people focus on losing weight, they almost always lose muscle. And so I would say to speak to this is let's look at the core benefits of what ketones is. And when we say ketones, drinkable ketones, prove it as the category King. Like we've created the largest online community, probably truly the leader in exogenous ketone supplementation. Certainly we've aligned ourselves with all the experts. It's a multi-patented, can't be reproduced product. And now we have an eight-year track record. Depending on when you see this, we are at the beginning of 2023 before jump-starting into January. And we've just got a very special product with very real science that's protected by true patents. And in saying that, a lot of people do come here for weight loss, quote unquote, weight loss, but really it's about ultimate performance. I mean, what if we can improve mood and mindset? Dustin, I don't know about you. I make better decisions when I'm in a better mood. Appetite cravings. Again, if I can control or have some level of control over appetite and cravings, I make better food decisions. It's easier when my appetite's under control to pick chicken and vegetables than spaghetti, meatballs, and garlic bread. I know which one's better, but also I don't always choose that. We like to say energy and endurance. If you go look at one of the other objections, we talked about what this really is. It's a true macronutrient. It's an energy-containing molecule. It's an energy source for the body. So when we say energy and endurance, this isn't contingent upon spike crash stimulant energy. And when I say endurance, that really means you don't need the afternoon nap. And then here's what I would argue, Dustin. Forget about weight loss. What about winning muscle? One of the greatest benefits to this product is muscle preservation. In this realm, branched chain amino acids, essential amino acids, glutamine, there's a lot of supplements out there where the goal is to preserve and protect muscle. Nothing stands up to the science the way drinkable ketones do. And so I would argue one of the greatest benefits would be muscle preservation protection. Right. And for me, I come in with this with a brain injury and cognitive decline early in my life, knowing, unfortunately, too many high-level athletes not end very well at the end of their life. And ketones are vital for brain function. We know that the brain, one of the primary fuel sources, and the brain loves ketones, right? Your muscles love ketones. And so when you start looking at this, this is a metabolic tool, a tool that helps metabolic, you become more metabolic-efficient. It's a tool that helps your body perform better. You mentioned that too. It's like, true story. I'm gonna tell it anyway. I was out of the weight loss community for a long time. I was only in the performance neuromuscular work and I came back to Southern California and some old clients of mine called me up. You know, like, Dustin, can I hire you? Now, I didn't charge us a little bit.  And I'm like, what's your goal? And she goes, I need to lose 10 pounds. And I'm like, sorry, honey, that's not what I do anymore. Now, Proobit didn't exist then. I go, you want to talk about, I go the same 10 pounds you wanted to lose 10 years ago. And she goes, yeah, pretty much. I'm like, why don't we go and perform better in your life? I go, what if our metric was, how do we think clearer, think faster? How do we move? True story, Rob, I actually gave my mom at 72 years old one serving of our product before she went for a mile walk. She took two minutes off of her time. Two minutes. Awesome. And you think about that is like, that's performance. Now, if she wants to lose fat, she's performing better to lose fat. And then now she can maintain it. That's why she's maintained her new physique, her new life for seven years. And so this is a true performance product. It's just that people are attracted to the weight loss or the picture they maybe saw. But I think if we see what it really is, it elevates performance of the human body in so many avenues. And one of those performances, metabolism, fat metabolism, the ability to be more efficient, which ultimately leads towards a better body composition, which you and I are both all for. Yeah. And we can't make claims and, you know, we always say, hey, can't make claims, but well, after but is comes the claim. But I love something you said, you know, I've been quoting you over the last few objections. You said some to the fact about, look, do you want to age well? I mean, look, that's something we all want to do. Forget about weight loss, weight gain. What if we all just agreed aging well is so important? And you said some to the effect of, hey, try this on for size. Protect your brain, protect your body, i.e. protect your muscle. Like that hit home for me. Like if you can protect your brain and you can preserve and protect your muscle, you are doing a lot in the process of aging well. Yeah. And I mean, the aging, the anti-aging side of it, which, you know, we don't even talk about or we call it better aging. I mean, I get the chills just thinking about it.  And let's see. Well, I'm 52, so. But you think about it. I mean, we've both been through it, you know. You and the high level sports, I played sports not at his level, military background. I mean, our bodies have been beaten up, but we get around other people our age. It's like, people always think like, what do you do? Like, I don't understand. And it's not because of my knowledge of the fitness industry. It's because I've learned this to keep me functioning at a high level. But the same thing applies to somebody that's not healthy, that's just getting started, that maybe wants to age better. So this is, I asked Rob, how old are you? And he goes, 52. And I go, have you lost weight? Since joint improvement, he goes, he goes craziest thing that happened.  Most of them do it the opposite way.  And this is a big part of it, not just the product, but even the community that reinforces it. Yeah, Dustin. And I would just, I would kind of probably finish with this look. What's the practical application? Because if we're speaking of the health fitness nutrition, yes, we all know it's about performance and helping people live a better life. But you are going to see a lot of people that are looking for weight loss. And so don't mistake this. Imagine it just being a tool that creates compliance. So if you're looking for practical application, follow us, follow this series, ask your own questions. We have this concept, ask, answer, discuss. We want to discuss what are your thoughts? What's your feedback? The only reason we're doing this is because we were part of the skeptical health fitness nutrition industry. I mean, think about it. When we first heard of this, there's no way you can drink yourself into ketosis.  It's a condition that can be achieved through supplementation that has all of these benefits, none of which have anything to do with fat burning, right? It has to be with brain function and muscle preservation and all these different things. So Dustin, thank you so much. Today, number seven was, I'm not trying to lose weight. Hope we gave you something to consider and think about. Thanks again, Dustin. Cheers, y'all. Thanks, Rob.


Welcome back to Kids Fun Science. My name is Ken. Today's experiment is how to make a floating compass. What you need for this experiment is a magnet, some thread, a steel blunt tip needle, bowl and water, cork or leaf. So first we have to determine the polarity of the magnets, right? So every magnet has a north and south pole. There are no magnets with just one pole and the simplest way to figure this out is if you had an electronic pole finder which you probably don't. So we can use a little bit of science to find the north pole of your magnets. The magnets north pole is attracted to the earth's north pole, technically. The earth is labeled backwards. The magnetic pole near the north pole is actually the magnetic south pole of the magnet, if that makes sense. So the way to do this is to hang your magnets from a long thread that is freely rotating and once it stops wobbling the north pole should be facing north. If you don't know which way it is north, the best way to determine this is to know that the sun rises in the east and it sets in the west. So you'll find north is directly up in the middle. Once I determined the sun rises in the east and settles in the west, I was able to mark my magnets with the N and S. There are two ways to magnetize your needles. The first way is here is to take the tip of your needle, the point, and touch it against the S, the south part of the magnet. Then take the I and touch it on the north side right there. And now your needle is magnetized and can be used for a compass. So now you need a floating device for your needle so it's able to point to the north once it's magnetized. So the second way to magnetize your needle is to take the whole set of magnets, since you know which is north and which is south, and put the I of it on the north and the point towards the south, which is technically, remember the earth is labeled backwards so we're pointing it the opposite way. Once you do that, now your needle is magnetic.  So now that I've got my needle magnetized, you can use any kind of floating device. This time I'm using a leaf from the tree in the backyard and you can see it's turning around and it's pointing directly to the north. So just to check it out here, I'll use my iPhone's compass and you can see that it's actually facing directly north, which is pretty cool. So that's how you make a compass with a needle. So this time we're going to use a cork to be able to make our compass. You pretty much could use any floating device to make a compass. You could also use other devices besides a needle to make the compass. You could use a paper clip, a hair pin. So go ahead and try those and let me know in the comments below how those worked out. And what we did today, we are able to figure out the poles of a magnet, the north pole and the south pole. We're able to make a needle into a magnet, which is pretty cool. And of course, how to make a magnet. So I hope you enjoyed this video. If you did, please remember to click thumbs up and to subscribe and click that little bell on top if you wanted to remind me when I post my next video. Thanks for watching. Yeah, that sounds good. But this one right here, that's the bomb. You want to try that one. That was pretty cool experiment, but you should really try this one right here in the bottom corner. That's pretty cool. Sounds interesting. But this one right here, that's the one you want to watch. That's cool. But this one right up here, it is fire. That's awesome.


Forseshia have started this unique coding contest called CodeHeat which actually starts from September and ends in February. It's a six month coding competition which actually helps new developers who are new to open source to come and contribute to some of the Forseshia projects. This year we kicked off the second CodeHeat contest and we have some amazing stats now. We were able to get 650 developers registered during the six month time period for the CodeHeat contest and we were able to close around 2000 plus pull requests with the help of 37 mentors. I think you should give a big round of applause. At the end of the contest, we picked up three winners who have made some amazing contributions and have made a great progression. We have helped them fly to Singapore to attend Forseshia and get a chance to meet other developers and bring up their networking network. So I'd like to invite Mario to take over the ceremony session. Yes, so for anyone who has seen the program, maybe we have a lot of people coming here on stage in a moment. So give us a few seconds to get everyone here aligned and I can tell you a bit about CodeHeat in the meantime. So CodeHeat is our coding contest and we started it because we saw this works really well. You have a coding contest, people get a certificate, there are some winners and they built up their GitHub profile very good for their future and everyone just learns a lot. So it's really fun to do this and we do this nearly six months. It starts right after Google Summer of Code. Google Summer of Code is a famous coding program here in the world. Many projects like 1500 take part but we ask ourselves what do we do after Google Summer of Code? We need to engage people. The same question that we had on the panel, how do we engage with people? In other countries, even other continents, how do we connect? Contest is always a good way and everyone benefits. So let me show you a little bit here in details. So we have the website on CodeHeat.org and that's how it works. The jury chooses three winners from the top ten code contributors. Very easy, not so difficult. You just look at which are the top contributors and then you check like there's a jury saying this one did more quality commits, other contributors maybe made more like front end or something not so deep. So there's a jury in the end deciding among the best contributors. So the contributions also include scrum reports and technical blog posts because we want people to connect. It's not just like here's my code, somebody check it, hey mentor, please check my code. We want people actually to engage in the community and to share their knowledge. Then winners present the work here at the Fossil Asia Open Tech Summit. So we have some lightning talks, we have workshops and so on. And they're not just prizes for the top winners. They're also like t-shirts, swag, vouchers and of course the certificate of participation. Maybe like I know like some Germans ask me certificate of participation. Why do I need it? I know that I participated. But in Asia it's often very good. You get a certificate, something written down and you know it. So this is our Quoteet contest and maybe there are some other projects and companies who want to join us next time when we run it the next time so we run it annually now. So it can come back to me. Okay, so now in a moment we're getting started and we have three people here who have agreed to like congratulate and hand over the prizes directly to the winners. So I would like to ask Hon Phuk on stage again. Hon Phuk, please come here. Yeah, applause. By the way, have you seen this beautiful dress of Hon Phuk? Have you seen it? So yeah, please show us the flowers also. Yes, it's an Ao Yei by the way from Vietnam and I can tell you it took a very long time to choose it and a very long time to make it. So you can check it out but this Ao Yei you can only see today because Hon Phuk has an Ao Yei for every day. Is that correct? So different Ao Yei for every day. So if you want to follow with this Ao Yei you have to come today with Hon Phuk, yes? Okay, good. Okay, so thank you very much for joining us and the second one I would like to ask Italo. Italo, we know each other for many years. Yeah, please applause also for Italo. Why you don't comment on my dress? It's special. You know, special jeans from Italy and t-shirt from United States. Is that okay? It's fantastic. And I will have a different one tomorrow as well. Okay, great. And so Italo also has a t-shirt in black which represents the developer and designer community. So thank you very much for bringing diversity here to the stage. Thank you. So many of you probably know Italo through LibreOffice. You've been instrumental in LibreOffice in the organization. But you're also now a director of OSI already for some time. So if anyone wants to know more about open source for the last 20 years, come to Italo. And there will also be a BA event and different activities over the next few days where we celebrate the 20 years of OSI. Exactly. I will speak tomorrow morning at 10 and I will be at the booth tomorrow for questions all day. Okay. Thank you very much. And finally we have Michael here, Michael Christen who made this big experiment. And finally it worked out. We could see the offline Susie talking. So thank you very much. And you were also a jury member and looked through pull request, merged some. Sometimes it's difficult though for you to know who is who because you don't have the faces, you just see the code. And then you always ask me at the First Asia Summit, who is this person? Yeah, he has this nickname and made this code. Oh yeah, this person is fantastic, right? Yeah, with some of code and code he is always such a big mess of new people coming and it's amazing what they are doing. So it's a lot of work to get them sorted out. Good. Thank you very much. Thank you very much for joining us. So I see like people coming in and out and I wonder if, I hope we have everyone here, we have all the winners here because we have prepared something and I would like to switch to the next slide here and call the winners on stage. So big round of applause and now I want to really big. I see some people in the back not clapping. Please clap, clap everyone. Okay. Raghav Jayoda, actually we've never talked with each other before and I don't know if I speak your name correctly. How is it correctly? It's Raghav Jayoda here. Okay, so we have a few days to practice now. You contributed to different projects, Bad Shae, Open Event, Yay Dog, Suzie AI, the Creery Server, Suspa Search Engine and Lock Lock over the period of the contest and 2000 Merge pull request. You were one of the top 10 and you convinced the jury. How does it feel? It feels really amazing, like working on so many different technologies all together on a single platform. It's something like really amazing. Like there's a lot of learning involved in it as well. So if we have questions, I want to be a quoted winner in the future. I can come to the booth. Will you be there at the FOSS Asia booth at some point? Absolutely, sir. I'll be there. Okay, thank you very much. Please join us up here. How do we do it? Do we like one by one? Yes. So I would like to say, please hand over the prize. So we have a nice... We have a nice, what's it called, an English penant, right? Is that correct? Yeah, a penant. So we made a penant here and yeah, we take a photo together. No, but this is Manish. It needs to be Raghav. This is the wrong name. Yes, yes. So his name is on there. So how does it feel? It was on purpose. Yeah, we need it on purpose for you. Yeah, it also has a medal. Yeah, thank you very much for joining us. Stay here for the photo. How does it feel like? A lot of photos have been taken at the FOSS Asia Summit. I would like to get the next person here on stage here. So we have three winners here. Paz Chandelier. Paz Chandelier. Please come on stage. What? His flight was delayed. You guys have told me who will take the prize for Paz. So we can celebrate him and tell him later how we celebrated him. Yeah. You are his friends? You are his friends? You will take it for him, yeah? Okay, so make a big round of applause and you have to tell Paz everything about it, okay? Such a pity. Flight delayed. But how does it feel to take the prize for Paz? Amazing. Okay, please tell him about it. And we congratulate you in the name of Paz, but you don't get a photo because you are not Paz. Are you sure you are not him? It looks very similar. Okay, thank you very much. So Paz, hang on, I want to read out Paz even he is not here because he has done an amazing thing. And he has also made a proposal for the next thing which I really love. He participated in Lockluck's Sub-Spot Meleaks, which is a Linux distribution that we developed, a query server, Batchez Open Event and Susie AI. If you wonder what are these projects, come down to the first Asia booth later. Okay, thank you very much. Thank you very much for taking the place for Paz, but Manish is here. I already saw you. The next one. Thank you. Diana? Diana? Next one, yeah, thank you. So Manish, please come on stage. And a big round of applause. Philippa. Yes. Okay, Manish, thank you very much for being a member of this community and contributing to this project. So you focused on Batchez Career Server, Susie AI and Chromeboard, but I've seen you also since then after the contest, contributing to many other things. So you just keep staying engaged and that's really wonderful to see. Thank you so much. I would really like to contribute to this community more and more. I was involved in a lot of outreach programs. I actually helped spread a lot of awareness about FOSS Asia in and around my campus and universities. And I was really happy about doing this. And I'm really thankful to FOSS Asia for organizing. Cody, thank you so much. Thank you so much for participating. And I would like Michelle to hand over the prize. So thanks. That was it. But it wasn't at all. So we actually have a lot of people who more engage more. And I would also like to mention all these others. Not everyone could be here, but like some of our finalist winners, because everyone's a winner. Like everyone who participated as a winner are here as well. And I would also like to ask everyone who is here at the event to come now to the stage. We also have a small present for you. Who's here among the finalist winners? Ah, so you're twice on stage. Okay, good. Excellent. The finalist winner. And what about Ritika? She was also supposed to come, I think. Maybe also flight delayed. But thank you very much. So now in your own name, yeah, Nikit, right? So Nikit here, Nikit Bandari, yeah? Bandari, yeah? Okay. So you will tell us all about your contributions as well. You've also been like a very important contributor in the community. And we hope to see more from you. Yeah. Thank you very much. And Hon Phuk will hand over the medal for you as a finalist winner. So awesome. And awesome. So great. Thank you. And it's not all. Like in a moment nearly everyone could be on stage, because these are the mentors that have helped to run this program because people are asking, how do we scale? How can we become bigger and bigger and engage all these people? And then like sometimes people tag me at Mario or at Hon Phuk. I want to talk with you about this and the project. We can't do it all alone. Don't do it all alone. It's like a lot of people and many of them you will meet them here at the event, right? Raise your hand. Anyone in the room here who's on this picture? Okay. We have Saptak here. They're behind. I see Andre. I see like a few guys here. These are our mentors and you can meet them here at the event if you want to know more about it. So thank you very much. And so we have also something for the mentors. And this is a surprise also for me. So please come here on stage quick by run up because we don't want to also want to enjoy the coffee in the moment, right? Come down here with some energy. So quickly tell me your name. My name is Saptak. Which project? Open Event Server. My name is Chetan Koshik. Hi, I'm Saurabh. Suciay Azul. Hello, I'm Sumed. I was on Open Event Frontend. Good. So thank you very much. And... Hello, even I'm one of the mentor. Exactly. Can I join you guys? Of course. Come over here, Damini. Please. And we'll quickly put over the medal. Yes. Yeah. Michael, you're also a mentor. Yes, I'm a mentor. Okay.  Were you also a mentor? No. Hi, I'm Dilpreet and I was working with Open Event, specifically Open Event Frontend. Yeah. Andre, please come down. Stop coding.  And yeah, and we'll like move a little bit over. Yes. And please all take a photo. Actually, I was also a mentor. Thank you. Thank you very much. Okay. A round of applause here for all the mentors who helped to run our programs. A lot of applause to everyone here. So thank you very much. And guys, keep contributing. We're having a great time over the next few days. So thanks a lot again for coming here. Thank you. So we are nearly at the end of the opening and I handed back here to our wonderful host of the day. So we have come to the end almost, but not yet. We have the summit overview. We have 12 different tracks and we have 12 moderators who are taking care of these tracks and they have 30 seconds to one minute to pitch about each and every track so that they can attract participants. Come to my track, please. Fill the rooms. So I invite all the moderators to come and kind of pitch about the tracks.


Welcome back to the breakfast on Plus TV Africa. Now, open grazing will no longer be allowed in southern Nigeria. That's one of the decisions reached at a meeting of the governors of the southern region in Assaba yesterday. The governors say it's to check the incursion of amned headers, criminals and bandits into the southern part of the country. They also decided that it's time for President Mohammed Buhari to address the nation on the security challenges in Nigeria. Our public affairs analyst Mr Alesta Walcox is joining us this morning. Good morning Mr Walcox. Good morning the Ibu Kurian. Thanks for having me. Thanks for being here. All right, we know that about 17 southern governors met in Assaba yesterday to discuss crucial matters and that was happening even as you know the president was meeting with service chiefs in Abuja yesterday as well. So talking about you know one of the fallouts of the of the discussion you know in Assaba they said that you know open grazing would be banned in the southern states. Talking about that we know that time and time again southern governors have been asking and even declaring that open grazing would be banned but really is that the the way forward regarding the headsman crisis that we've been seeing in the country. Thank you. I don't have all the facts as to the as when this just came out I was so happy from the news yesterday. I don't have all the facts, the intelligence, the intel and all the issues that the governors had at the disposal to come up with such a joint decision. So I believe that they must have reviewed every facts and the informations at their disposal for them to collectively come to that decision. Is that the way forward? Well let's I will adopt a wait-and-see approach as to the modalities of how it can be implemented. Right now it is the joint decisions. Every state needs to go back to their to their states and do their same place and not enable environment legislation. For instance I know that sometime ago under fire shares governor of Kixi he enacted a law on is it open on ninth grade uh ninth grade and I can't remember which of them. On those states I think had a similar legislation in that respect. So when the whole issues are clear on the ground and the alternatives that are preferred are there then we can now begin to know if it's the way forward or not. I think at this point it's rather to mature to judge the actions of the governor. Whatever the governors are doing I believe they have adequate intel, they have adequate intelligence, they have adequate facts and they must have looked at the international interest in whatever thing they are doing. All right there's also something they mentioned there with regards restructuring and of course asking that the president speaks with the country. Can you quickly react to those two? Well I'm not a fan of those who called the president always talk. Yesterday the president was speaking with service chiefs and they told me team in about three weeks or so to say the president was doing that and then sorry I think sorry about that. The president was discussing with the group with the service chiefs and everybody they come up with solutions and ideas and all and one of the things they said is they are not going to disclose any more the strategies being adopted by the security by the security agencies in combing some of these national crime national security challenges. As opposed to the speech of the nations I am not a fan of it. If he wants to that is his responsibility. I don't do that call and I will not do it at this point in time. Talking about restructuring we have done too much on that on that from that grounds and even yesterday I traveled I traveled yesterday and in the in the capacity we are traveling that was one of the discussion we are having very detailed one. Up to today I think I'm yet to get the proper definition of restructuring. If if I'm if I would now keep saying devolve power devolve power devolve power the question I ask the amount of power already devolved what has been used for what are the restructuring we're looking for. Easily resource control as a restructuring because if you ask 10 people about restructuring they'll resource control and all that so I'm not I don't want to join that but sincerely I'm not a fan of all those noise we can work better with what we have what we have to do if we work with it and I'm not sure we have any issues within state within development within providing for the masses that that that's my thing. All right Mr Wilcox going back to the issue of this open grazing I need to mention that beyond all the fallouts including you know farmers headers crisis the clashes how they both you know pull out their swords and begin to fight each other beyond that you know challenge with open grazing there are other factors we need to consider we know that experts have warned about the dangers of desertification and about you know when these cows graze and how they destroy crops and how that affects food security in Nigeria so even if we're not looking at it from the loss the irreplaceable loss to human life looking at it from the aspect of how it threatens food security would you say that you know the decision of the southern governors to ban open grazing is a commendable one? I'm not commending any of the decisions well first and foremost I want to even be happy that the southern governors have finally found their feet because I can't imagine the last time the southern governors had their have met they used to have a regular meeting in time between the from 1999 to about 2003 2005 they used to have regular meetings and all that I'm happy they are back trying to also have a nice position I'm not commending the effort sincerely there are too many sides to it and most of the time we look at the negatives I'm not I know that the farmer headers classes clashes has always been very current decimal all over the country in the country sometime over exaggerated today every crime committed in Nigeria is attributed to estmen and powers not and given the real criminals a better way to run I mean to keep focusing their act today some of the most some of the worstest challenges you're having today is because we have we have profiled crimes to a particular tribe particular people and so every crime is at work with them I'm not so I'm not in that school of thought and I need and I think the southern governors understand the this fact very very well the issue of grazing it's an issue now if you have body to come grazing what is the alternative I will say we don't want cows in the south of Nigeria any longer let's be clear on that if you want cows what are the this thing first is the the middle idea of Ruga and everybody against it they say oh some people want to grab land and all that we talk about ranching has any of the governors of these states been able to provide enough facility for there to be adequate ranching I think bystanders try to do something with sometime with a that's a plain the co-plantation in bystanders state that they try to do something providing a lot of facility there I don't know how they understand that that green government since they're growing as governor I don't know how extent that went has there been alternatives is it just to come on the field of the ground and play populism and shout and incite the people against each other what is the alternative um but we know that govna govna carry the loop I'm coming I'm coming go ahead miss a walkout what about food security go ahead miss a walkout we can hear you yes yeah we're talking about food security what are the other activities that we do down south that threaten the reef food security today today the activities do even consider the activities of land speculators in taking away most of the lands of the small farmers in in places of wanting to be as they now let me be as deeply and I've said that day before I don't know if it's on your own platform before now from a place like a jet to a quay you have all kinds of manner of small farm holders holding up food but today last week I'm taking all that they're all building one estate or the other no more production of those basically two groups we're not talking about that nobody talks about that from from now from beggar to shagam before apart from the income now before we are not this common today and let me just make this point there is to be farming communities along that up to shagam today there is no one it's not for my head that's classy so the activities of our economic activities our our our other activities are what is really threatening food security and I can tell you that for free so if you don't look at those areas the population is widening up the farming lands are killing in because there is now urbanization in every area businesses are taking over churches are taking over lands religions are taking over lands camps everywhere estate that people are not inhibiting everywhere these are the real threat to food security not just these headers are only because most of what they're doing is they graze the graze bushes I'm not holding brief for them I'm not a header I've just have not been there visited before but something from if I'm traveling we see them grazing bushes once in a year they stroll into farms like in those farming communities like the in the interlands the graze and those questions been there we must manage it and not attribute every problem every any problems to this particular set of people that is wrong that is not right that is not fair because we're not addressing usually and we keep walking in that all right so I was just gonna you know throwing finally do you think the decisions of the resolutions of the southern governors should be you know one step towards a national order to ban open grazing across the whole country yes I will I will want to bring reason to be banned like we must progress we must progress as a country I want to bring reason to be uh to be banned but of course this has to be a face ban what's the alternative almost all I've done alternative so we want to provide if I'm a state governor sincerely like if I'm a state governor of riverside and from riverside and present and in protocol if I'm a state governor of riverside I know where there are lands if you are going through the the east west road going to Al-Aqaibor the vast land there vast land vast land I could set up a big ranch and and make money if you go to Ugunstate Ugunstate has so much land assets that I don't know what they're doing with it you can set up a big ranch same for your state these are say they have big land assets that they could set up big ranches and make a lot of it but if they're not doing that and everybody's going to the gallery it's a good decision because we must progress and uh Kathu Bahrain must be a business I have a friend Lagos who has who has who has Kathu in a small quantity he has a ranch a little ranch also once they want to pay the Kathu he does a ranch for them and then they are they are all then they are doing so this is a friend of mine Lagos so people we must advance the the provision is increasing the demand for protein meat protein is increasing by the day and so there must be a serious solution to not not political solution not ethnic not exercising anything but seeing this thing as a problem that needs to be torn into a business and except we do that we'll be growing in that and be exciting ourselves against each other now South Angolan has made a decision watch the video this month North Angolan governors if they're not taking a decision that also will cut this out what will we do when I start shouting so we must be careful in what we do so that we don't we don't destroy the fragile national uh a question that we are existing right now let me see that we promote these rather things that will uh that will shake it for them all right Mr. Wilcox just to throwing some facts here we know that the understate governor you know has mentioned that he's taking ranching very seriously and he's reactivating some of the ranches in understate but um other governors like the understate governor Shane McIndy has said that ranching is a private business and he wouldn't be giving out state lands to private investors or private herders to do business but it seems this is a conversation we'll continue to have for a long time but we'll be glad to bring you in in future to discuss this more let me sorry sorry please just let me add back to the mapping day okay and when there's a problem you find a solution and that solution does not mean standing that is what I'm saying business if I'm a reverse governor today I would be bigger profit and so understate has first land we're not giving it out you you sell land after the sale and to churches they sell land to people that build schools don't they sell land so you sell land or you develop it and make brand copy my brother that is who we should go uh finalize say god bless Nigeria and may god protect our troops I believe they can also buy land in other states that are willing to sell to them it's not uh you know nobody can be forced to sell to them or convince to sell to them Alissa Wilcox thanks you so much for joining us this morning thank you all right uh short break when we come back still here on the breakfast it's world facilities management day and we're going to be having a conversation about that of course uh in this space of a COVID-19 era how do we move forward we'll talk about it when we come back stick around


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Now, the Navin governor's firm has expressed sadness over the passing of former deputy governor of Kaduna State, Banapas Bala. The chairman of the firm and governor of Plattos State, Simon LaLong, eulogized in the deceased as an accomplished professional. He condoned with his immediate family, Governor Sir L. Rafai and the people of Kaduna State over the passing of the ex-deputy governor. He described the deceased as a politician of high repute and integrity, having served his community, stage in Nigeria with passion, honesty and patriotism.