وأقولوا في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزال وأقولوا قال الله جل جلاله والمصطفة الهدي ولا أتأوّاله الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على عبد الله ورسوله نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين السلام وعليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته مرحباً لكم في another part of this short course on the Muslim family بروت to you by المدرسة العمارية ونحن now at the stage where we're talking about the problems that happen between husband and wife ونحن as I mentioned at the end of the last episode people might say well this short course about the Muslim family why are we talking about problems why do we not leave it at the obligations of the husband and the wife and then move on to talk about children and parents and siblings and other relatives in reality we have to understand that all marriages or almost all marriages have some degree of things happen in them some bumps in the road especially when that marriage has gone for a little time there are bumps in the road there are things that happen and we need to be aware of the best Islamic ways that we're supposed to deal with these things so that the marriage can last in a way that is pleasing to Allah سبحانه و تعالى and we need to start off by saying that الله عز و جل decreed and Allah سبحانه و تعالى chose for us the institution of marriage to be an institution that brings peace to husband and wife and it brings love, affection mercy and forgiveness and we've already spoken about this in the ayah in Surat Al-Rum و من آياته أن خلق لكم من أنفسكم أزواجاً لتسكنوا إليها و أجعل بينكم مودة و رحمة إن في ذلك لآيات لقومية فكرون from the signs of Allah is that He has created for you from yourself spouses that you may live together with them in tranquility and He has made between you love, affection love and affection and mercy indeed in this there are many signs for people who give thought so Allah عز و جل has made this institution of marriage to be happy a happy time to be a time where you find tranquility to be a life partner that helps you to worship Allah سبحانه و تعالى and Allah سبحانه و تعالى has put between husband and wife love affection care support for each other mercy forgiveness overlooking each other's faults and that's what we should go back to and that's why when we start this discussion on marital issues and marital problems we're going to go right back to the beginning and right back at the beginning is that the marriage should be one of tranquility and peacefulness and peace and happiness and love and affection and mercy and kindness and sometimes we don't always match the high standards that we have been set and that we would wish for ourselves and there are times when the marriage breaks down and has bumps in the road and problems that happen in the marriage and so we need to understand the framework that Islam has given us to deal with those to deal with those problems in this episode I'm going to really focus on general general things that will help you without getting into maybe all of the details of what happens when a woman no longer feels she can obey her husband or what happens when her husband no longer feels he wants to spend any time with his wife we're going to kind of delay those until a little bit later on but here we're just going to talk about general principles general rules and things that can help us as it relates to getting over some of the difficulties that sometimes happen in marriage the first principle that I want to mention and the first evidence that I want to mention is the statement of Allah عز وجل ربنا هبلنا من أزواجنا وذرياتنا قرّة أعيون وجعلنا للمتقين إماما Our Lord grant us from our wives in our offspring or our spouses in our offspring those which will be the coolness of our eyes the pleasure of our eyes and make us examples إمام's examples for the people of تقوى and I brought this ayah for two reasons as it relates to حل المشاكل الزوجي and getting out of marital problems the first is دعاء دعاء and turning back to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and asking Allah عز وجل to correct our spouses for us and to correct us for them because both are mentioned in the ayah ربنا هبلنا من أزواجنا وذرياتنا قرّة أعيون والله make our spouses make our children the pleasure of our eyes وجعلنا and make us examples for the people of تقوى so it contains asking Allah to correct our families and to correct us and to make that peace and that mercy and that love that brings that coolness to the eye the pleasure of the eye when it exists so it's a beautiful دعاء to make it's not the only دعاء it's a beautiful دعاء to make though and it contains in it a request to Allah سبحانه وتعالى to bring about the things which will bring about pleasure as it relates to our family and happiness to us and to make us our us our families our children our wives our spouses to make us all examples of تقوى examples for the people of تقوى and إمام is someone who is followed right like the إمام in the prayer is the one who is followed in the prayer who leads the prayer وجعلنا للمتقين إمام make us إمام make us examples who can be followed as an example for people of تقوى and this also tells us that ultimately if we want our marriage to be successful it's got to be based upon تقوى it's got to be based upon obedience to Allah and leaving disobedience to Allah and whatever problems we have whatever difficulties have happened to us in our marriage have only happened to us because we failed as it relates to تقوى of Allah and that's why it's famously said that ever befalls a people except because of their sins and it's never raised up except because of تقوى so تقوى turning to Allah leaving disobedience to Allah becoming more obedient to Allah trying to be an example for the righteous people trying to make ourselves and our families an example for others in terms of our تقوى and our coming near to Allah this is what he's going to bring about peace between the husband and wife and what's going to bring about the happy family that everybody wants to have so it's a nice place to start as it relates to talking about solving issues that relate to the marriage our next ayah this ayah this ayah we brought it for two reasons number one the ayah talks about some of the difficulties that the Prophet ﷺ had in a situation that happened with some of his wives and that tells us that even the household of the Prophet ﷺ there were some difficulties there were sometimes some things that happened there were sometimes some challenges that happened between the Prophet ﷺ and between one or more of his wives and so if it happened to the Prophet ﷺ we should not be surprised that would happen with those who are far far less than the Prophet ﷺ in their تقوى and their fear of Allah and their nearness to Allah so ultimately if it happened to the Prophet ﷺ we should not be surprised that there might be some difficulties sometimes in our marriages as well and I also wanted to highlight the statement of Allah ﷺ the Prophet ﷺ recognised a part of it and he left a part of it and this is a really important principle as it relates to the issue of how the husband should deal with issues that come up in the marriage and that is that for some of them it's better just to let it go and to walk away you can't pull upon every single individual issue and you can't you can't get into every single problem rather there are some things that you have to turn away from you have to let them go and you have to let them pass and that's why the Prophet ﷺ he let it go he let it pass and so this is something also that we can take from this ayah as a benefit some of the people of knowledge they mentioned that this mentions that the need of the husband to let things go and not to pull his wife up for every single thing but to focus on the things which are the most important in the sight of Allah ﷺ and that's what the Prophet ﷺ قال he said the most the one who knows everything and the one who is the most aware of everything is the one who inform Allah ﷺ so what matters is what is important in the sight of Allah and as for some of the smaller things then if the husband lets them go and lets them pass then this is from the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ and there are other ayat and a hadith which indicate this as well and we might come to some of them and this is the hadith or mother Aisha رضي الله عنها in which she said in it she said that the Prophet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ he never took revenge for himself but when it was a matter that was from the haram the things that were there the boundaries that were set by Allah that's when the Prophet ﷺ took the matter to hand and took it seriously and took action based on it otherwise for himself and his own personal things he didn't take revenge or he didn't make it into a big thing when it was something for himself but when it was something related to the haram the Prophet ﷺ would take action and I think this is a beautiful principle that a husband should use to monitor and manage what goes on in his house if it's something that his wife does and likewise it also applies to the wife in terms of what she gets what should she complain about and what should she raise as an issue and what should she make a fuss about let's just let go ultimately there are going to be things that relate to the haram and the things that relate to the haram those are the things that should be important those are the things that should be red lines the haram should be a red line as for the things that relate to personal issues the person should learn to let go the things that are personal to them and that don't involve something which is haram in the sight of Allah it's a personal issue and for example many husbands pull up their wives and have a go at their wives for things which are personal tastes of theirs they don't really relate to the haram it's just personally I like my dinner a certain way and I like my clothing put a certain way and these were like it's not it's not befitting for a husband to pull his wife upon these issues rather he should leave his his serious side to that which relates to the haram primarily even if he has a right to ask his wife to respect his the things that he thinks are important and likewise has a right to a certain extent in that but what should really matter is when it falls into the haram that's when it should be serious and that's when it should be important when it relates to personal preferences and personal issues then as much as a person is able to overlook those that will help to reduce the amount of marital problems and marital discord that could happen between the husband and the wife and in this there is a beautiful and comprehensive statement of Allah at the end of an ayah in صورة البقرة in which Allah said ولا تنسأ الفضل بينكم إن الله بما تعملون بصير do not forget that grace that exists among you that wonderful behaviour between the two of you and that graciousness you know being graceful being kind to one another don't forget that between you indeed Allah is all seeing of what you do and this has a couple of of principles we can take out of it as it relates to solving issues of marital discord number one don't make Islam a stick that you beat your spouse with and that usually happens from the spouse that is more knowledgeable towards the one that is less knowledgeable but not always but usually it happens like that and I mean that could be either the wife could be more knowledgeable the husband could be more knowledgeable don't use Islam as like a weapon to to attack your spouse with and someone starts saying well I saw in this video and you don't do this and it's not sincere if that makes sense it's not genuine advice it's not نصيح for the sake of Allah where a person is saying look honestly I think you know if we could work on this insha'Allah we would have a happier marriage it's just a matter of winning points you know I know a hadith I'm going to use it against you I can bring this I saw it in a video I'm going to use it against you I memorise this hadith I'm going to use it against you while I attend Don't forget the grace and the graciousness that you should have towards each other don't use Islam insincerely like that as a way to attack each other but make it sincere الدين النصيحة this religion is sincerity towards people sincere advice and sincerity and that includes the husband towards the wife and the wife towards the husband we saw a wonderful example of that with رضي الله عنها and we saw examples of that from the husband to the wife the wife to the husband from all the examples we mentioned of that beautiful نصيحة and sincerity between the husband and the wife وَلَا تَنْ سَأُلْ فَضْلَا بَيْنَكُمْ Don't forget to be graceful and gracious and kind and considerate to one another and this ayah was mentioned as it relates to divorce this ayah comes among the ayahs in صورة البقرة that deal with divorce so even in that extent even when the situation of marital discord reaches such a level as the couple are actually on the way of breaking up their marriage still there should be that fuddle that graciousness between each other and so when we're talking about the problems that exist between husband and wife should never get to the point where Islam is being used as a crude stick to kind of beat the other person with and just score points that I'm better than you or I know more than you or whatever it might be it's also really important and another benefit we can mention here is the importance of being precise when describing the problems that happen between husband and wife there are a couple of points that I want to raise here I think first of all one of the most important things is when to discuss problems it's never a good idea to discuss problems with one another when you are angry with each other so the anger is gone it's flared up and bad words have been said and you know people are shouting at each other and maybe one of them stormed out the room or whatever has happened at that point it's not a good time to go and see the other person and then start going through the problems in the marriage and trying to solve them it's important to have that discussion when you're talking about problems in the marriage between husband and wife to have that discussion with grace to be graceful and to be gracious towards each other as it relates to discussing marital problems you know be gracious to each other be kind towards each other and to do that you have to pick the right time to discuss these problems you have to discuss them at the right time in the right place when the two of you are in the right frame of mind to discuss some of the problems in a constructive way and that's part of what what we can take from the ayah being constructive when talking to each other about these things well I tend to say أبينكم don't forget graciousness between the two of you from the ayat that can give us principles that deal with solving marital problems is the statement of I swear by the soul that blames itself Allah only swears by that which is significant in His sight سبحانه وتعالى and one of the things that is significant in the sight of Allah is a soul that is that sees itself as being at fault now no doubt this first of all refers to your relationship between you and Allah that you see the sins you do that you appreciate the fact that you that you are blame worthy in the sight of Allah but it's also a very good way of approaching marital problems instead of blaming the other person look at yourself look at what you might have done that didn't match the standards that you would want for yourself and if anyone is honest from among husband and wife and they look at themselves honesty they will see many things in their own behavior which are blame worthy and which are deserving of being corrected and for a person to start with those instead of starting with those of their spouse is a huge sign of إيمان and and nearness to Allah سبحانه وتعالى that a person looks at themselves first وَلَا أُقْصِمُوا بِنَّفْسِ اللَّوَامَ and I swear by the soul that blames itself and for a person to look at themselves and say I have got my faults and yes the person is in that situation because they are upset with their wife about something that their wife has done or the wife is upset with the husband about something and that's why they're in that situation but for a person to have the maturity to say you know what it is I'm not innocent I have my own faults and to work on those more that is a sign of Allah is a sign of إخلاص of sincerity before Allah سبحانه وتعالى because you realize that every one of your faults will be or could be a cause for misery يوم القيامة so you want to get rid of as many of them as possible and you're more worried about your own faults than you are about the faults of your spouse because you the end of the day if your spouse has faults and oppresses you then that can only be a means for you to be forgiven or raised in rank يوم القيامة whatever it might be but it's not the case that if you have faults and it may be you the one who are giving out your good deeds and taking on other people's bad deeds on the day of resurrection so that's why it's narrated from the likes of أمر ابن القطاب ربي الله وعنه and others they said that that they that they showed gratitude and kindness and they said may Allah reward the one who brings my faults to my attention and so the first person who should bring your faults to your attention is you the first person who should really know yourself is you and if you lie to yourself then what is there after that you know like how much worse does it have to get that a person lies to themselves and isn't honest with themselves about the faults that they have and it's easy to point a finger say my spouse doesn't do this and my spouse doesn't do that but it's not easy to look at yourself and say I don't do this and that doesn't mean that your spouse is perfect because all of us are all of us make mistakes but ultimately it means that we start by correcting our mistakes and we're not the more you do that the more you'll find it easier to get out of marital problems now that doesn't mean that your spouse is perfect and sometimes you'll put it here but my spouse is the one who you know did this and my spouse is the one who did that and that can be true but honestly when they see you correcting yourself they will want to correct themselves when they see you looking at your mistakes they will want to look at you correcting yourself and being honest with yourself they will want to do the same generally speaking it's very rare that it doesn't work like that it's very very rare that the situation happens that a person sees their spouse correcting themselves and then they say I'm not going to do anything or I don't have to do anything see I told you it was your fault it's very rare that happens and it's very advanced stage of discord usually the case when you're yourself they themselves will make that effort to correct themselves as well and insha'Allah this is بإذن الله a beneficial principle as it relates to marital discord try to blame yourself first and look at yourself first and correct yourself first that will make a big difference insha'Allah in helping your spouse to come to the same conclusion and take the same and take the same أبي هريرة رضي الله عن narrated the messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم he said إن المرأة خرقت من ضلع لن تستقي ملك على طريقة he said indeed the woman was created from a rib and this rib no matter what you do it will never be straight for you لن تستقي ملك على طريقة ملك على طريقة ملك على طريقة that rib it's not going to be straight it's not going to be straight and therefore one of the things we can take from this and we're going to come back to it later on the topic of divorce إن شاء الله but one of the things we can take from this it's you can't about pulling your spouse especially not the husband towards his wife on every small fault because whatever you do و لا تستطيع أن تنظر لك كل شيء بشكل صحيح أن تنظر لك و لا يجب أن تفعلها بشكل مهم و هناك أقل الأشياء مختلفة التي تمكنك تفعلها يمكنك أن تفعلها بشكل مهم التي تكون كبير و سيارة و أخبرني هذا من الموضوع من الموضوع من الموضوع أليس سأجد أن تقوم بإمكانك حديث for it. But there are a couple of things that I would advise. I think you either look at big wins or quick wins. Big wins are things that are really important to you. And usually they are around about revolver on the haram and the harumat, the sacred, the boundaries of Allah. And they're big things, very serious. All you focus on quick wins. And quick wins are things that might be small. But if you can get some movement on the small things, in sha Allah, to out of the big things we'll follow. So it might be something small that you know, the husband, the wife say, look, we've got big issues between us. And we fear that we might actually end up, you know, this marriage is not going well. We're not happy with each other. I say, okay, what's the problem? And the problem is something big. It's a big thing. And it's huge. But there are some small things that could be done immediately, that would just make the situation instantly better. Just in a small way. It could be something simple. Like, when my husband comes in, he's got his phone in his hand. Small thing, just put your phone down when you come in. It's a quick win. It might not solve all the problems in your marriage. It might not be the big thing that is causing the marital problems. But it just makes everything so much easier. It's all, you know, my wife, when I ask her for such and such a thing, she does the opposite. It's a small thing. It's minor. But it can make a big difference. So there are two ways you can look at that. You can either look at the big things, which you have to work on. And ultimately, that's where you need to be. You need to get over those big things to solve this problem of the problems that exist between the husband and the wife.  But also look at the small things that you can do that will instantly make things better. Because often it's those small things that lead to the bigger things. When the husband and wife sit with each other and say, we want to, you know, we want to, we want to get over this big marital problem that we have. And we want to solve this big, huge marital issue that we have. Often that issue looks like a mountain in the eyes of the husband and the wife. They can't imagine getting over it. They can't imagine getting out of it. But when they start talking about very small and simple things, it's like, yeah, okay, you know, maybe I can't do ABC. But what I can do is this small thing. And that small thing leads to another small thing. And that small thing leads to another small thing. And that leads to finally to get over there, to get over their problems. So definitely you can't go about correcting everything. But when you're looking at correcting something, ideally, you're going to look at those big things that relate to the Haram. But sometimes in order to get to a stage where you can solve those big things, it helps for the quick wins. The small things that you can do that just make the two of you feel better about each other from the beginning.  And that's just من باب النصيحة. From the point of advice from myself to the people who might be experiencing some difficulties in their marriage. We then come to an ayah, statement of Allah عزوجل وليعفوا وليصفحوا. Allah عزوجل said forgive and overlook. Do you not wish for Allah to forgive you? Forgive and overlook. Do you not wish for Allah to forgive you? And you know the story that came along with this ayah. The ayah in سورة النور. That in the story of the ifk that happened between our mother Aisha رضي الله عنها. When she was falsely accused of adultery. رضي الله عنها. And it got to the point where her marriage with the Prophet ﷺ it was it was very it became at a stage where it could have broken apart completely. And she had gone back to her parents' house. And the Prophet ﷺ was getting conflicting advice about what to do. And he was feeling conflicted ﷺ about the situation. It was a very very serious situation indeed. And in that time there was a صحابي who أبو بكر عائش his father أبو بكر رضي الله تعالى عنه عرضا. He was looking after that صحابي and his name was مصطح. And Abu Bakr was looking after him because he was a poor relative of Abu Bakr. And Abu Bakr he swore that I am not gonna help him now again. I'm not gonna I'm not gonna give him anything because even though he was a good person but he got himself involved in spreading this rumor. And you can see he got caught up in the crowd. And he got he started spreading this rumor about عائشة. Even though Abu Bakr عائش his father was the one that was providing for him given him given him you know his his financial support. And but even because of that he was but he had spread that rumor about عائشة رضي الله عنها.  I'm not gonna give him any more help because of what he said about عائشة. And Allah عز وجل revealed this آية واليعفوا واليصفحوا. Let them forgive and let them overlook. Do you not wish that Allah will forgive you? ألا تحبونه يغفر الله لكم. Don't you wish that الله عز وجل will forgive you? And I think this is it's profound really when you think about it. That how serious that situation was. And still Abu Bakr was told to forgive him an overlook. Whatever any husband has done to his wife. Whatever any wife has done to her husband. He's not gonna reach what مصطح did to Abu Bakr and عائشة رضي الله عنهم اجمعين. But Allah was Allah commanded Abu Bakr to forgive and to overlook. And that's what has to be the basis of solving these marital problems. Forgiveness not going back and bringing the past stuff over and over again. And overlooking people's mistakes in order that Allah would forgive you. And that I believe is a very important قاعدة. A principle as it relates to dealing with problems between husband and wife. Let them forgive. Let them overlook. Let them leave the past in the past. Let them look to move forward. And what did Abu Bakr say? He swore that I'm not going to stop giving him now. Since that I was revealed. He swore I will not stop giving him. And he continued to give him and support him financially. He didn't bring that past up again. He didn't go back to that issue and keep bringing it up again and again. And likewise. And this issue the issues we're talking about in marital discord are way less than that. Don't bring the issues up.  Solve the problem. Ask forgiveness. Stop doing it. Make changes. And move on as a couple together. This I believe is a very important principle. And that's what we have time for in this episode. And Allah عزو جلنو's best. والصلاة والسلام علي بي محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين. السلام عليكم. If you're enjoying these videos and you'd like to keep up to date with all of the courses we're going to be running. Make sure you head over to amauathome.com


So, we will start with this important aspect of mechatronic systems, which is a selection of sensors and actuators. We have done the modeling so far, so we need to use this model to now get to some of these estimation of sensor parameters or a sensor you know specifications that we need to get to and actuator specifications ok, we will see some relationship and some interesting ways of computing the sensor or computing or arriving at specification of sensors and actuators. So, I will talk about little bit more detail in the sense we may not have to do entire simulations to kind of get to this, but we can do some kind of you know ballpark estimations of the parameters in some way. So, as we go along we will we will talk so, let me get into the slide show more here ok. Now we first bother about what are the interfaces for sensors and actuators and we have seen already like you know couple of interfaces so, PWM you may have the digital analog converter for actuator or say simple digital output for actuators like solenoid ok, for sensors you may have ADC and a digital conversion interface that we have we are here to see that in diva we may see at some point or you may take a tip in the project digital input outputs we have seen for sensors again we can use that and encoder interface as QA interface we have we have programmed and you may use UART in some cases where the data from sensors is available in UART kind of a form already processed and you get only the numbers in the in the micro controller ok. What are the important considerations for like development of this sensor actuator specifications is first whatever are the system requirements like what is the requirement for your control application or megatronics application that we need to know first or we need to kind of we given abstract problem we arrive at those requirements first and then we move on to sensor requirements ok. So, we map them to the sensor requirements and for this mapping we will need a modeling for the system ok. So, what we have seen in the different forms of models like Lagrangian formulation given of the thing or Newtonian formulation. So, whatever like know these models that we are doing some mathematical development that can be used for this map ok and in fact, that should be used for this map because then we will be able to kind of very clearly get all the you know necessary specifications and we do not over design actuators or sensors ok. So, for that you need this kinematic dynamic analysis to get to do that. Then other thing is like you know you need to make sure that about the noise considerations. Now system specifications will be in terms of some resolution of positioning that is required or resolution of some whatever output that is required and we need to make sure in the presence of noise we get that kind of a requirement satisfied and noise. So, you need to see what is the noise in the environment around it and like know what is what is to be done to suppress the noise and some kind of a filtering that need may need to be done. All those kind of things are to be accounted for will dwell more about noise little later actually. So, you need to keep this in mind when we develop the sensor specifications ok. Then you can have a choice of analog versus digital. So, mostly the recommendation is to go for a digital sensors for making sure that noise consideration is not bothering too much actually and analog you will do only in cases where like you do not have any option for the digital sensor. For example, strain gauge for a to sense you typically will go for analog strain gauges there is no digital output for the strain gauges. So, you use that an amplified output of that then you need to kind of bother about some noise filtering and then use that data from ADC channel to convert. Then you will need to of course match the interfaces and its compatibility in its interface specifications. For example, if you are using encoder interface and you have some range say 50, 60 mm and some resolution for encoder then you get a number of bits. So, the number of bits of the encoder channel should match the range requirement for you. So, number of numbers that are getting represented within that range say 0 to 60 mm I want to kind of go and I have a resolution of maybe 0.01 mm or like that is one encoder count or that is what if it is given then one can estimate how many number of numbers that will get represented from going from 0 to 600 0 to 60 mm and then correspondingly I would have number of bits estimated and like say that encoder channel must have a minimum these number of bits to kind of get the sensing done properly. So, that within that range I do not have to have deal with this number overflow situation scenario. Then of course, use of filters I talked about for noise consideration one has to do that and then filter has another implication for increasing your sampling time because the filter calculations have to happen within the sampling instance. So, again those details will talk little more in the future. There is another thing that you need to think about whether you want analog filter or digital domain filter to be done. Analog domain filter and so, this filter discussion will will reserve for the future part ok. When you go for digital domain filters then only like you will have to do computations in the microcontroller in analog domain filter you may not need to reserve a time in the sampling time for filter calculations. Then of course, cost implications and then you you can do this mathematical modeling and do the preliminary simulations to get to the sensor requirements or actuator requirements and then of course, one has to see the manufacturers catalog to do the proper choices because you may not find exactly of all the specifications you have drawn. The sensors may not be available, but there will be some conservative like you know the the the you will have some sensors which are beyond satisfying all these specifications and having some more kind of a you know additional features we can go for that ok. So, we need to have this minimum estimation done and then choose something which is better than that that is how we choose from the manufacturers catalog ok. So, let us take an example of linear motion stage and then work about how do we get going for the specifications here. So, you have say motor stage we considered like you know lead screw configuration which with spring loaded elements for. So, when we have such a kind of a system motion stage with a lead screw and we have given this problem ok. So, we would like to have this closed loop control implementation ok for such a stage such that the drive accuracy is about 5 micron and speed of operation to be achieved is about 20 mm per second and range is given to be 60 mm. So, what should be sensor and actuator specifications? So, this is like a typical problem that could be appearing. So, some of the data may be given, some of the data may be missing and you need to kind of make assumption or make a reasonable assumption for the application that is required. So, this is now we are given this already. So, this may not be in this form some people may give ok oh look I want to use this stage for biological slide scanning purpose ok. Now, only with this kind of a specification given you need to ask some more questions to the people for whom you are kind of developing this stage and get to know like know what are the more detailed specifications that they require in terms of design ok. So, these design specifications arriving at is based on the what is the requirement for a user of the application. Then we will need to get for more detailed kind of a now sensors. So, here you based on this data given one can kind of now come up with say ok if I mount this sensor on my motor side and then there is a lead screw. The lead screw will have some specifications of like know lead for one rotation is say 1 mm, 2 mm some kind of a specification. Then one can say for more motion of 5 micron I need to have some kind of a kinematics estimated to see how this 5 micron on the lead screw side or on the motion side like know linear motion side translate to the rotary motion side that you can do very easily by using some kind of a you know simple kinematics ok. So, that kind of a estimation needs to be done. So, to get to actual sensor specifications. Then other thing like for example, to get to actual specifications one has to kind of do some kind of a think about some kind of a dynamics ok. So, we will get to that what are the moving masses in the system and things like that ok. So, I will give you some kind of a broad outline of the process that can be followed. So, where to start I mean know. So, this again all these things will be little bit of a common sense if you keep it active like things will be falling in place. So, how do we go about doing this what you think? Just think about like ok suppose you are given these specifications and now you want to get to the sensor and actual specifications as we have seen like know considering this lead screw one can get of get to little bit of kinematics. So, I will just give you some broad outline of the process that you will follow. I mean it is just a common sense I mean if you think there are some additional steps that can be done this is all up to you ok. So, see first like you know you can do this physical construction of system in sketch and observe like know what are the kinematic connections in relationships ok. This is very simple for this linear motion state, but it may get into little bit more complexity for more complicated kind of problems. So, we will see we will say similar kind of a thing one more example of two R manipulator to get to this kind of discussion. So, then now you can get sensor resolution and range specification based on these kinematic relationships as I said for like you know the specification phi micron on X side motion how much it translates to the rotary motion for the sensor. And typically if phi micron is a resolution and corresponding to that you have estimated resolution on the motor theta side you will need to be better than that from the from the digital control perspective.  Now, if you select resensors which is sensor which is exactly of this alpha resolution ok. Then the problem is that like your control is happening every sampling instance and then there are many different kind of other elements that are there for example, some of the noise considerations. Noise in this case would it would be like you know it is a digital sensor if you select then noise from the sensor may not be there, but there be some kind of a friction in the in the system which will affect the positioning resolution ok. So, there are the errors that are there in the positioning that will happen based on some kind of a dynamics of a system that need to get accounted for in the in the resolution ok. So, we need a better resolution than alpha and it is typically like one fourth or one fifth of alpha that we can go for. So, it is very hard to get single count of so say see. So, when we say resolution is alpha it is a single count of the sensor which is alpha. So, one count within one count you get to the accuracy it is very hard problem to solve from you know digital control perspective. So, it may be better off by solving up to two or three times it is comfortable to solve like you know. So, your resolution is alpha by three for the sensor and what you get after like you know the control is alpha that is scenario. And why that happens we can see some some part in the simulation see there are many different error inducing that happens along the different elements in the whole of the path of control ok. So, one of them is like say you can see the sensor quantization. Quantization aspect will have some kind of effect on the dynamics. Like that there are the noise I have talked about then like in the friction I have talked about. So, from this perspective like you know you need a better kind of a resolution than your estimate of what is required from the you know given the user specification or application specifications ok. So, this is an important point to note here and one has to kind of this if you to get to that exactly it is a hard problem ok. So, one can work with this ballpark kind of a estimates that you know base comes based on mainly kind of experience that you are able to kind of position within like know. So, when we are within say 3 to 4 times like you know the resolution of the sensor actually is there.  And that typical number is maybe 3 or 4 times better. Then you can note this other step that you follow is like you know noting like moving elements in the system and give some rough estimates of what is their mass and other stuff. Then so, then they can be kept as a variables sometimes depend upon like you know what is the application that you are dealing with. Then you can determine the equivalent inertia or load inertia and load on motor that is coming and then this will help to get the motor specifications done ok. Now the motor specifications would come not by like you know you can one way you can go about it is millet entire kind of a process of whatever you want to achieve little cube or some, but you can get simple ballpark estimates by using like this you know force into velocity of power relationships like you know force into velocity or torque into angular velocity this kind of a power relationships you can use. So, you can go directly like you know say you are given this linear stage the force on the output side is estimated is friction force and some inertial load force that is estimated to be some value and then you have some velocity maximum velocity that is coming up in the system. So, you can use maximum force and maximum velocity to get like you know the conservative estimate of total power required by the system or one can kind of translate that into torque and angular velocity on the motor side and then do that ok. So, wherever you do power calculations like you say you do say power calculations on the load side if you have done by this linear state for example, for this linear stage then while translating to the motor side one can use some kind of a efficiency of power transmission ok depending upon like you know friction say for example, in this case you have a spring loaded element that is coming up right. So, that is you remember this stage assembly you have this spring loaded element which is loading onto the screw. So, as to kind of prevent a backlash now with this spring loading will your friction will be very high in this case. So, your transmission efficiency will go down because of the friction and you need to kind of account for that while building your actuator. So, right now we are thinking of using some kind of a servo motor as an actuator in this case and this will start affecting the power required for the servo motor ok. So, one can start with the estimates many times when you do not have a actual kind of a thing and then. So, this design process or like this is little bit an iterative you start off with getting some kind of a details and then use those details to get to the manufacturer catalog to select a proper sensor and once you select a sensor you see other more details information and then see whether that will suffice what you have you know made a choice ok. So, and if it is not then again iterate like you know next time to kind of select other kind of specifications ok. So, that is how the process will typically go on and this process you may probably need to use it in in your project now. When you do not have like no real choice in these sensors and actuators we may do that ok oh look I have estimated, but I do not have whatever sensor I have is this only because of the resource constraint then you can say ok how this suppose you select that kind of a sensor how it will translate to the you know resolution or accuracy that you will achieve for your final task ok. So, that translation that that we would like to see in your you know project presentations and anything like that ok. So, we will select for example, here for linear encoder we will select for these if you are really interested in the output side positioning and we know that there are some kind of a backlash elements in the system which will affect linear to rotary part, but if we say ok we do not have much of a backlash or backlash is taken care of by the spring loading then rotary encoder can also be sufficient because we know that there is no uncertainty between the input and output ok. So, then so, rotary encoder if you want to select then it will be much what do you say coarser resolution than a linear encoder because there is some kind of a lead screw connection between the linear and rotary part and for a for a entire rotation of 360 degree on encoder side or or motor side you will have a displacement only of 1 mm on say linear side ok. So, that that is corresponding to the lead of the screw and that is how like know your requirement of coarser or like finer resolution will change based on where you are mounting the sensor. So, you need to think what is the place that you are going to mount your sensor on and according to that the resolutions have will change and one has to be one needs to be little smart to choose this properly. So, that not to harm the applications also and at the same time you do not increase the cost unnecessarily ok.  Then as I said earlier this we decide like know diameter of the lead screw and lead of the lead screw. Now, this all like know the choice of the lead screw and the sensor you know there now we can see that they are coupled here ok. So, once you choose the lead screw a particular thing for the for the same application the sensor requirements gets frozen or if you think ok know I want to kind of like know have some some kind of a better possibility that I do not want to use to costly sensor here I want to have coarser sensor used and I can choose a lead screw which is having lesser lead than you know previously a previous choice ok. So, like that one can think about and this is this is all I think the the based on some kind of a simple common sense understanding of you know these concepts of kinematic relationships ok and making use of them to to think and get get to what we want finitely to achieve ok. There will be these considerations of manufacturing and tolerances which will have some kind of a cost implications. So, we need to make sure that these tolerances on manufacturing are not like know directly seen on the on the you know resolution that we want to achieve for the for the sensor. Say for example, if I want a 5 micron resolution in the motion my manufacturing of the lead screw should have a better kind of a surface undulations than 5 micron ok otherwise the surface undulations will start moving the stage there and then like know I may not get a perfect linearity that that I would look I am looking for ok. So, those kind of considerations will be will be there in addition. But this is about surface finish surface finish would be most most of the times like no better or what happens is many times as we do the operation I mean more and more you use use screw then like know it will get more and more smoothened and it may get better. You might have seen you know your car also has this kind of a brand new purchased car the piston and cylinder you know there is these tolerances are such that their friction is little higher. But as you kind of start using like running the car in first few months like you know they get automatically better by where little bit of where that is happening there. So, rotary and this we talked about now based on the speed required ok the dynamic response also is important to see. So, based on speed that is required you will have a good dynamic response estimated like know on the encoder side. So, say speed is given on the load side say lead screw x speed we saw 20 m per second what it translates to on the on the motor side ok on the rotary side which is how many pulses per second are coming. And we need to have a sensor which can give you output which is resolving those pulses nicely ok. So, if the sensor inside is such that like the pulse has some kind of a finite rise time and like the fall time you may not be able to kind of get those pulses nicely for very extremely high speed ok. So, you may observe that maybe we can see you may not you do not have oscilloscope to observe, but we can try doing this experiment where we start running motor pretty high speed and see that you know you will find your encoder may start giving some spurious data ok. The data will not be completely matching what is happening there ok. So, that kind of a scenario would happen and at that time if you kind of look at the signal in the oscilloscope the pulses will not be very sharp like square pulse, but it may be more like a like you know half way to rise and then again fall ok. Because the rise fall rise time and fall times there kind of start now merging without any flat on the complete rise may not happen there ok. And then you will get the resolution based on the resolution you get the resolution and range you will get a bit accuracy for the channel and then this dynamics. So, there are some kind of a dynamic consideration for the sensor, but they are typically not so stringent actually. Many times sensors will be responding much faster than your application requirement, but application requirement especially if the speeds are very high ok. Now, these are relative terms very high you get to know what is very high only after like the estimation of these and like you know calculation and seeing ok oh these are the number of pulses coming in say one revolution and that is why one pulse time will be some something like that and then you estimate that pulse per pulse time seeing that ok. Now my rise time and fall time if they add up to the pulse time then you will find that ok oh no that encoder is now on the verge of getting worst kind of a scenario ok. So, that needs to kind of be given some consideration ok, but most sensors you will find that this requirement is not very stringent ok.


on the ground. Presented by theCUBE, here's your host, John Furrier. Okay, hello everyone. We are on the ground in Seattle for IBM's Open Computing Architecture Summit. The future's so bright, we got to wear shades. I'm John Furrier, the host of theCUBE, with Jesse Proudman, CEO of Bluebox. Now, I don't know what your title is at IBM. IBM Distinguished Engineer and CTO of the IBM Bluebox product.  Congratulations. Thank you. All right, so the update on Bluebox, obviously the integration's done. You guys are embedded in. You got some more headcount budget. You're fully funded. What's new? I mean, obviously Docker Madness, really talking about applications. What's under the hood? You know, I think it's been, for us, it's been a year of integration. I mean, that's been the entire year. The team has tripled. We've really done an incredible job integrating the technology into the broader IBM community.  IBM itself, for example, uses GitHub Enterprise and that offering for all of IBM runs on top of a Bluebox installation. So it's been really a question of how do we build this layer? Okay, we've been talking about for the last year with Bluebox at the foundation. You feel excited now. You got the backing of IBM, sales, engineering. What's the new technology that you guys are bringing into the Bluebox that you're taking from IBM? Must be some new stuff you're integrating in. What's the coolest thing you got going on? Yeah, it's a great question. So I think that this notion of public dedicated and local where we've got three consumption methodologies and three different geographies or wherever you want to put them, but delivered all as a service has really been, it was the reason we were interested in IBM and it's been the reason we've been excited about IBM over this last year. And so now the question is, how do we bring the rest of those IBM pieces on top of our stack? And so we've got container services coming. We've got lottery and metrics coming. We've got a bunch of other, the service catalog that supplements what's in open stack is the next big push for us. And what is this open cloud architecture summit all about? Share with the audience, what's this event here? It's obviously bolted on the day after DockerCon, so application containers and container management is kicking ass, big rage there, a lot of interest. What's this event about? Yeah, it's a great question. So if you look at the cloud ecosystem, all of the big vendors out there are building proprietary sets of technology. And at IBM, we really believe that the infrastructure and the actual code that underpins everything that we're doing should be open. And by making that open, customers have the ability to choose, do I want to work with IBM because I'm getting value from the service or do I want to try and do things on my own? And so this day is really about sharing the technology, the pieces that we're using and how we're using them so that customers can make a decision about where they want to pick those pieces into their infrastructure. What's your take on DockerCon? We just were there live with theCUBE. I want to get your thoughts. We never had a chance to bring you on theCUBE because we're busy, everyone thing was full. I was out of town. You were out of town? I was out of town for DockerCon. What's your take on this whole ecosystem? You know, I think Docker is one of the most phenomenal stories in this space, the infrastructure space over the last couple years. If you look at sort of the pivot they made from the platform as a service into actual Docker and then the rise of popularity in the technology, it's an incredible story. The challenge everybody's experiencing right now is going from using a single container in development to thinking about how we deploy and manage a lot of this infrastructure at scale. There's big companies like Google that have these things figured out and then there's everybody else that's trying to figure out all the additional pieces. So how do we monitor the containers? How do we ensure they're being restarted? How do we collect logs? How do we do governance? All those pieces that sort of been figured out for VMs over the last couple years now need to be figured out for containers and there's a lot of work to do there and that's where we're seeing all this investment into new companies in the ecosystem occur. What about OpenStack? What's your take on the current state OpenStack? Yeah, you know, OpenStack is super boring now which I think is actually a great thing. So this is my commentary from this last summit in Austin. There was no controversy. There was, everybody was there and the customers were there and we were all fine with it. And I think that's, it's a good place to be after six years. So maturing. Right. Maturing not in a bad way. Right, no, it's a good boring. It's a great boring. And it's works, right? There's nothing to argue about any more to a large extent. And so now it's the question of continuing to push for stability, continuing to push for performance. All the key pieces that if you're going to use this kind of technology as the foundation for something need to continue to be there. But yeah, I think all the, sort of all the excitement and the drama is now up the stack in other portions. Final question. What are you guys going to be doing over the next year? What are the new things on the horizon that you could share? Yeah, it's a great question. We've got a new product that's in work. So we can't talk about it yet but it is a variance on the technology that we've been, we've written over the last couple of years and we think customers will really dig it. Jesse, thanks for taking the time. We're here on the ground. This is theCUBE here in Seattle for the IBM Open Computing Architecture Summit day after DockerCon. This is theCUBE on the ground. Thanks for watching.


Ways to access indigenous wisdom and knowledge can't just be done solely off internet research. I would encourage anyone to reach out to community. It must be done through elders. When you sit with elders and you sit with community and you ask those questions, you sort of get a better sense of their life, their perspective, their ways of knowing and doing. And that in turn I think impacts educators in the classroom. And watching an elder speak to a class is a literacy lesson in itself. And watching the kids engage with the community member or elder or traditionalist is really rewarding. A lot of people are waiting for a new curriculum to come. A lot of people are waiting for a teacher quality standard to be solidified. We don't have to wait for all of those things to be mandated. It should have happened ten, five years ago. It can be happening now. So bringing in literature is the easiest way to start bringing in foundational knowledge into your classroom and start expanding the minds of students that you teach. I think one of the biggest things that teachers can be doing to enhance their own literacy and level of understanding is picking up the calls to action and understanding what role do you play in reconciliation and how is literacy going to impact your class and you as a change agent. I always start with the ancestors. So if you can access local knowledge keepers within your space, if you can access elders, if you can access language keepers, if you can access knowledge keepers, of course we know that our elders are getting older and sometimes we give them a lot of jobs and we ask a lot of them but it's okay to ask those younger elders too. It's okay to ask those escapios and it's okay to ask those people who are learning, who are just learning their experience and maybe the elders helper. So access those people in your community and create relationship with indigenous educators. Look at consultants, look at liaisons and really create kind of that relationship extend. Other practical ways might be using the circle in your classroom. When you're sharing, when you're turn taking, using that circle model, ensuring that children can't talk unless they have a talking stick, a sacred rock or a sacred stick. So kind of using that model of weight, weight and listen, listen and learn and that's a deep way of learning because often in spaces of learning it's usually the children who are the loudest, who are the most assertive, who get to take those turns and when you nurture a place of turn taking, it's a wonderful place to ensure that all people are part of that collective, all people are part of that collective wheel and that creates balance, that creates harmony in our classrooms and it creates harmony in our greater local communities too. Another great way would be to honor the seven sacred teachings using that as character development. If you're in a public school honing into that, you know, in a Catholic school system those are essentially all good ways, the basis of living and so kind of nurturing courage, nurturing humility, humbleness, nurturing all of those seven sacred teachings and using that as a model and a guide in your classroom. Ensuring that it's posted, is it posted at the front of your room, is it posted around your room? Can children see that? Do you explore that daily? Our children honored and I've heard elders say we need to honor the teachers, we need to honor our elders and we need to honor our students. So how do we honor our students? We need to look at those seven sacred teachings and how we infuse that into our daily practice of being in our classroom. I think you can incorporate a lot of indigenous ways of doing or traditional education methods in the classroom all the time. One is through the circle process. Reading a book and then just having a discussion in the circle about what does that mean for you. It could be done in kindergarten, it could be done in grade 12. Anyone can do model the circle process. As long as you're following those guidelines and you speak to elders and community members about how to properly do that in your classroom. Another great suggestion is to bring in an elder or a traditional storyteller. Have them show you how traditional storytelling was done. And then try to model that in your own classroom. Try to model how kids could be telling stories through just an oral process. I remember reading a few different stories, particularly one was about Wisaki Chak. And Wisaki Chak is a Cree trickster. And there's many stories about Wisaki Chak and how he's always trying to trick people but there's always a moral to the story. There's a reason why things are the way they are. And I remember trying to bring that into the classroom and talk about stories in a way that was engaging. So I actually just sort of tried to remember the stories. I put the book down and then I would just do the stories out loud through my own memory. And it was actually quite surprising how engaged all the students were. They liked that excitement and it's great practice for educators to try. What do I want to see different in modern day classrooms? I would love to see the traditional teachings of that territory posted on the walls, respected. I would love to hear in the morning greeting when the principal gets on the big system and says, good morning, we're in Treaty 6. I'd love to hear Tensei or if you're in the Northwest Territories, I'd love to hear Tantei or I'd love to hear Chima Gwich or I'd love to hear all the beautiful indigenous languages being addressed by leadership and by the teachers. And I'd love to see an active involvement with cultural keepers and knowledge keepers in the schools. I'd love for students to be using the language as much as possible and being genuine with it and being grateful that they are in this territory wherever they're involved in. That's what I'd love to see.


If you watch Common Ground online, consider becoming a member or making a donation at lptv.org. Common Ground is brought to you by the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, with money from the vote of the people November 4th, 2008. Playing live, it's fun to provide the entertainment, so to speak. It's a real surreal experience, having people there just to watch and listen to what you came up with. It's really a cool feeling. We're Crimson Winter and I'm John Murphy and I play the bass and I also take care of vocal duties. My name's Nathan Kelly. I'm the drummer for the band. And my name's Sebastian. I play guitar and sing vocals as well. Collectively, as individuals, we've played together for about two years, but Crimson Winter has been together for about nine months or so. It's a good question to ask, like, what our sound is, because I think that's a question we don't even fully understand ourselves. Well, it's been described as like 70s, like kind of on the progressive rock scene and infused with a bit of metal. We also kind of have some a little bit of punk elements with how Nathan drums and how he incorporates his own style in there. It's interesting just how everything comes together as far as the writing style comes. We have multiple elements in it, all the way leading from your prog rock and your hard rock towards your metal and everything. And when everything comes together, it seems to work out nice. We're able to get everything to flow the way we want to and we're very happy with our sound. Writing music for us, the way we approach it, there's a couple different ways. Sometimes Sebastian comes in with a quarter of a song written or like most of a song written or sometimes all of a song written and he'll be like, guys, what do you think about this? I threw this together and we're like, yeah, that's awesome. And we'll write different parts for an arrangement like he'll throw in a drum track or two. And sometimes we'll get together and we'll be jamming, you know, we'll be doing just random stuff and we'll stop and say, hey, you know, what was that? You're just playing right now and they'll come in. Well, I don't know. It's like, okay, well, that was really cool. I like that what you're doing. And then we just kind of take that and we roll with it and see what happens. I'd say in general, as far as like melody or lyrics, it's typically more of like the backing music behind it all will come up with like the riffs and the drum parts. And then once that's kind of solid and we're getting a feel to that, typically me or John will start like coming up with some melodies and then we'll all like throw in some lyrics to it. That's kind of true of my own writing as well. I'm Barry Riff's first melody later. And I wouldn't say it's anything like in disregard to the melody. It's just that's kind of what presents itself last to us at least. I think it's a lot more like focused on the motif until the melody eventually reveals itself because I think it's a lot of what I like thinking about when writing a song is serving the song and putting into the song what it deserves. You need a good pancake batter for the pancake. The overall feeling of the Terrapin station show. I mean, I was really excited, but there was a little part of me that was a bit nervous because this was a bit of our pioneering show for the community where we practice and write our music. So this wasn't just, you know, Minneapolis where people are like, sure, it's another band, you know, this is like our home turf. There was a little bit riding on you in that way, but I think overall it became a really fun experience for me and it was something I was able to walk away from and be like, yeah, that was a really good show. Going into it, yeah, I'll admit, I'm sure they could admit too that, yeah, we were nervous. If we weren't, then we wouldn't have had the passion behind it. Definitely for the first few songs, like, I was a bit nervous, but kind of once we got playing and more in the rhythm of things, the groove, it kind of died down, got more comfortable with it. But I mean, it's really crazy just like being the focal point of 50 plus people. I'm Kiki Carter Webb and our band is called Dancing Light. This is my husband, Greg Webb.  And so they all wanted to hear us play. They wanted to hear Sebastian and his band play. So we called Brian at Terrapin and said, hey, how about a show over at Terrapin while the family's here? He thought it was a great idea and we put that together. It was so much fun. We love Terrapin Station. Playing at Terrapin Station has always been a real treat for us from the very first time we performed there and we performed there several times over the years. I love any environment that's comparable to that that's really designed for listening to music. And there is really no other focus going on there. Very different than playing in a bar where there's some other activity that sometimes is more important to the people in the room. When you're just there and everybody's just there for the music, it's so beautiful. It allows you to really go deep into the playing, into the performance and into the interaction with the audience. The idea of bringing Crimson Winter in there to perform, I just knew that they would love it. I knew that it would give them an opportunity that they hadn't really had yet. The night at Terrapin Station was just a wild night. We had family there, we had friends there, we had the public there, it was open to the public as well. And there was just such an energy of anticipation both in performing for family that lives far away and our grandchildren being there and then having Crimson Winter play a real concert for the first time. And it was just so much fun to watch those boys come alive on stage. Having our son get into music is sort of a dream come true. We have other children who connect with music, but he is the first one who we feel the camaraderie of being deeply into music and passionately loving to play and to write and to perform. We've sort of been mentoring Crimson Winter just in the sense of offering them our experience as musicians and doing a concert together just seemed like a really good idea. And I think they had some question about, well, how is that going to work because of the difference in our musical style? We all had that question. Yeah, I think we did. When I was approaching people to even to tell them about the concert, there was at first a little bit of wondering, well, now is this person going to like both of these musical genres together or is this person going to prefer one over the other? And there was an inspiration behind the whole idea of doing a show together. And I started to just allow that to be what it was and to trust that I didn't really have to decide for the people coming to see us what they were going to like or not like. And I could just say, well, come out and experience it. It was amazing to be playing songs that we've done for years like, yes it does, with Crimson Winter because they were just had all this youthful energy, so powerful. And there too are the grandchildren coming up on stage. The energy was just electric for me personally. I had such a good time playing music with Crimson Winter. We had some beautiful rehearsals here days than the weeks before we did the Terrapin show and to do that with them on stage, it's kind of amazing really in so many ways because of course we've known Sebastian all his life and he's known John Murphy since he was probably in third grade and there was a long time there where most of what they would do together is play video games and it was never really, I never imagined that there'd be a day not only that they would both be so focused on music but that we would get to play with them on stage and be a part of a concert together and having the grandchildren come up on stage and play percussion it was a lot of fun and I know for them it was huge. They were just like beaming afterwards like that they had been a part of the band. They were rock stars. I think the general feeling you get from playing with Sebastian's parents I think practicing up to it, it's kind of a cool feeling because you get to play out of your style and you get to play with something that's a little bit softer and yada yada and you kind of get a different sonic experience and musical experience and in a way it's a nice sort of break for you as a musician. Playing with my parents and we all had family in the audience even if we totally botched the show they hate our songs whatever like they're still going to love us they care for us.  True and another aspect of that is that it's also your family so it's like wow I don't know what these guys think of it because it's like here's the first time it's like hey mom, hey dad check out this heavy riff. This is what I do. If you watch Common Ground Online consider becoming a member or making a donation at lptv.org.


Let us continue our discussion, we are discussing unit 8, that is on logistics and supply chain management, we shall discuss the remaining part of the unit in this third video. So here we have taken up the learning objectives, it is basically based on the self learning material that you have been studying. We need to understand the different channels of direct marketing, this is basically about direct marketing. And then I explain the advantages and disadvantages of direct marketing. So direct marketing as you all know, all of you, you and me, everyone is experiencing direct marketing. So means what, that companies are directly reaching out to us with their products and services. So this direct marketing is one of the priorities of marketers today. And many times they are concerned about developing a long term relationship with customers. Let us take the example of airlines. The airlines companies use direct marketing, say the frequent flyers and shops, malls, etc. You are entitled to some cards, so whenever you visit them, whenever you make the payment, you are subjected to some discount and you are entitled to receive some facilities. So one of the priorities of marketers today is to build long term relationship with customers. And they say, they will say the birthday cards, they will say some information materials to customers. Basically to establish relationship.  And you, the hotel knows about your priorities. Say the guest is diabetic. So next time when they will be asking for the food items to be served. So the beverage manager might ask you, sir, are you feeling okay with your diabetes? Is it under control? Should we serve this kind of food? So the guest is likely to be surprised that how do they know that I am diabetic. I am having some food priorities. So this is all about direct marketing. Means establishing the relationship with the customers and customizing the services. Not the general services to the specific requirements of the customers. So airlines, they will be knowing the food priorities. Suppose the previous time you had a window seat. So would you like to have the same seat. So this time this is not available last time. Hope you enjoyed the flight. These are the ways and techniques of doing marketing through in a direct manner. So it's basically consumer direct channels to reach and deliver goods, services to customers. Without using marketing intermediaries. So this is called disintermediation. So no more uses of marketing intermediaries like wholesalers, distributors, retailers etc. Direct. This is customer direct. That is direct marketing. So there are different channels of direct marketing. One is direct mail, telemarketing, email marketing, direct response television marketing, direct selling. More or less philosophically all these are direct to customers. But we may use varieties of modes. Suppose we may use direct mail. Earlier it was quite prevalent. In 1960s, 70s, 80s when there was no telephone. Right facilities were very restricted. Internet was not there. It was mostly direct mail. Even your online courses, ODL mode, the courses offered through ODL mode. It was known as correspondence courses. Means what? Directly from the education service provider to the education service user. So it means sending an announcement of our reminder etc. to individual customers. The marketer might have a mailing list and they can send or the multimedia devotees. It's a popular medium because it can reach the target market. And we see these direct mail pieces are sent. Many times the customers feel that these are junk mail. So that's why that needs to be avoided. That the customers don't get a feel of junk mail. So that this is important. Somehow we need to convince the customers. So once they receive some kind of materials which are of use today, they are likely to receive those in future. Another thing you all have experienced even me that is telemarketing. So in case of telemarketing, marketers contact consumers by phone. So how they are contacting the consumers by phone? Because they are giving their phone numbers. And they are asking the consumers to make a phone call. And that's how they develop a database. So in telemarketing the salesperson uses telephone to attract new customers. Many times you may have received calls from HDFC life insurance. Informing about some new insurance products.  These are all direct marketing examples. So the call centers are used to attract prospects. And sell to existing customers. They provide the services. And many times they establish their relationship with a direct contact. So that they can specifically handle the customer related problems. Image marketing that is also frequently used. And these are basically inexpensive and flexible. As they can deliver text, videos and audios. Not only text, they can deliver. Text, videos and audios also. That's why this is also an important mode of direct marketing. And then direct response television marketing. Direct response television marketing which is known as DRTP. You may have seen it in some TV channels. That is a long form which is usually half an hour. May be going for one hour also. It's a long segment in which explains the product in detail. Suppose a vacuum cleaner. How does it operate? Or say some, right? Sometimes this I'm also questioned also about the ethical aspects. But the marketers make the claim. They demonstrate. And they demonstrate all the things in a detailed manner. So that's why it requires time. Half an hour to one hour. It's maybe short term which refers to typical 30 seconds also. Or maybe 60 seconds, one minute commercials. That asks viewers for an immediate response. That this is the product call us. This particular thing is open for three days. Please call us at this number. So that is basically seeking response from the television. With the help of TV media. So that is DRTP, direct response television marketing. So for an immediate response which means they ask their viewers to call immediately. To the number given. Or say log on to the website. They will give details of the website also. They will give details about the products. They will give details about the phone numbers. And they will make the required claims. And you have it. You feel it. You get it experience yourself. So have a discussion with our persons. So that is one aspect. Direct selling. It is the oldest medium of direct marketing. Which means the sale of products by face to face. Contact with the customers. So now it is many companies are using it. Professionals sales persons. They are doing this. The propaganda distribution. Or say in pharmaceuticals. The companies are selling through the medical representatives. So it is more used by say insurance companies. It is mostly done by the insurance companies. Personal selling face to face contact. That is widely prevalent. So advantages of direct marketing. It is flexible targeting. It is not mass. If you give an advertisement. And television. It will be through for all. Anyone. But in case of direct marketing. It is flexible targeting. That we want to reach to the school t-cells. So if we are having a database of the school t-cells. So immediately we can send an SMS. A bulk SMS. Or you can send a group email. We can send email to all the t-cells. So we can have multiple uses. It is easy to manage. We can give the rapid delivery. If an SMS is delivered. If an email is delivered. It will be immediately received. Likewise it will be immediately sent. Means. Then testing capability. We can find out. Suppose yesterday we sent 500 emails. Out of those 500 emails. We have suppose received 20 replies. Means what? We get a response rate. So these are all important. We can establish a relationship building. Suppose one particular guest has stayed in a hotel. So in the next day. Or say. The person will receive an email. The thank you for staying with us. We look forward to give you the similar kind of services. This is our toll-free number. This is our distinct. Please maintain relationship. We are glad to serve you. These are our messages. These are the information that we can provide to direct marketing only. So we can target message to different customers. At the same time we can geographically target also. Say we want to reach to the school t-cells in Kamroop rural district. Say if we are having the database of the school t-cells in Kamroop rural district. We can specifically geographically target them. So that is important. So with this we have come to the end of unit 8. So in unit 8 it is all about logistics, supply chain management and direct marketing. So you may have understood the basic aspects of logistics, supply chain management and direct marketing. Ultimately we are concerned about delivery of the right kind of products. To the right type of customers at the right time, at the right places with the least amount of cost. That is basically the essence of logistics and supply chain management. And if we can do that the organizations, the companies will be in a better competitive position. They will be in a better position to serve their customers in the most efficient manner. Thank you.


It's time for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, a presentation of the Lawn Jean Wittner Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope? Larry Lasser, CBS News correspondent, and August Heckscher, Chief Editorial writer for the New York Herald Tribune. Our distinguished guest for this evening is Henry Steele Comager, the noted American historian. This, of course, is the time of year when we count our blessings, try to forget our petty ambitions and frustrations, and bless the Lord for letting us live in these United States. Now, our guest tonight, as one of our foremost historians, has been living with and writing about our American history all of his adult life. So, Professor Comager, we'd like to ask you, do you think that this country, when it was smaller and less powerful, but when we had less responsibilities, you think we were happier then than we are now, or had more to be thankful for or less? Well, I think happiness is rather a relative thing. Each generation probably thinks itself happier than any other. From one point of view, it's very fortunate not to have heavy responsibilities. From the point of view of perhaps the intellectual, it's rather an exciting thing to realize that there are great victories to be won, or perhaps great defeats to be suffered. And in that sense, I think maybe said that we're living in a more exciting age than perhaps any other, but not necessarily a happier one. When you look back, Professor Comager, over the history of the country, do you see it in terms of the crises that we've lived through, or do you see it more in terms of a steady progress? Well, I'm inclined to think I see it in terms of steady progress, though progress itself is rather a modern concept, and a very debatable one. We have, however, had a whole series of crises, and I think some of them have appeared at the time to be graver than any that we have in our own day. I think each generation exaggerates the nature and extent of the crisis it faces. But in the historical perspective, I'm inclined to think the Civil War, for example, is a far more serious crisis to the integrity of the Union, to democracy, to a great many things than anything we're facing at the present time, but always with this one obvious exception that never before in our history, in the history of any other country, did man have the opportunity, the danger of annihilating himself, as we now have in that sense, there is a crisis before us of an entirely new dimension, an entirely new character, one which simply can't be explained on any degree of relative more or less by comparing with earlier crises. Professor Commissure, is it your feeling that our traditional feeling of freedoms now, such as that of speech, are more circumscribed now than they have been in the past? I think they are definitely more circumscribed, not so much by legal action as by public opinion. You remember that Tocqueville, in one of those remarkable chapters in democracy in America, pointed out that while there was a great degree of freedom in America, in no country as far as he knew was there as much actual freedom of opinion, freedom of non-conform, no western country was as little actual freedom of opinion as in the United States, and that wasn't quite true in the 1830s when he wrote. What's happened in recent years is that large segments of society have come to bring pressures on freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of communication, freedom of joining and things of that kind, and that the danger doesn't come so much from governmental action, though that always is present, as it does from the general climate of opinion, which operates to discourage things. Surely, Professor Comerger, there's less conformity now than there were in the days of the Puritans. Well, non-conformists were invited to leave in the days of the Puritans and did, and there were lots of other places to go. The Roger Williams went his way, and Anne Hutchison went hers, and other people went elsewhere, and there we had religious conformity, but not conformity in certain other things. I think in an earlier period there was probably a greater degree of social non-conformity, a greater degree of eccentricity than we may have in our old times. Yes, but you have described the danger today as coming more from popular pressures than coming from governmental action, and yet it seems to me that Tocqueville said that the great danger was the danger of the tyranny of the majority, and certainly that has always been, and is today, the danger we live under. That is right. I think he exaggerated the tyranny of the majority. I think this, like Lord Acton's famous aphorism about power corrupting, is one of those aphorisms that has misled us a bit, but I do think there has been a growth in the last decade or so of pressures of opinion that have dissuaded people from exercising their freedom of thought and expression as they should and as we need them to. What are some of the examples of that, for example? Well, I think the examples are very clear. In public service, in the civil service, in the diplomatic corps, for example, a number of very distinguished veterans of the diplomatic corps pointed out that a great many persons in the Foreign Service are no longer prepared to take a chance of discussing controversial questions as candidly as they once did. I think it's undoubtedly true, likewise, in the whole field of education, elementary and secondary, and even in higher education, particularly in state or municipal universities, that people are afraid of controversial subjects, they're afraid to subscribe to dangerous magazines, they're afraid to join suspect organizations, and that there is a growing up a general feeling that it might be better not to stick your neck out. Professor Coman, would you say that this freedom is really necessary to us to survive or is security even more valuable than freedom? Well, I think that is putting the question round about, if I may say so, Mr. Lucer, we have security in order to achieve freedom. We don't have freedom in order to have security. The ultimate security is, I suppose, the security of the grave or the security of the prison, and there's nothing more secure than those can be. Obviously, the whole purpose of security, or of all other programs, is to develop freedom individually and collectively, not only for ourselves but for others. And here it seems to me with elementary consideration possible that without the utmost freedom of discussion, without freedom to explore error, we can arrive at truth. And unless we encourage our scientists, our civil servants, our diplomats, our scholars in every field to discuss and explore every conceivable subject, we have no guarantee against making catastrophic errors of judgment so that freedom is absolutely quintessential for security. Would you say that we actually have gone so far as to diminish America's strength or to harm its security? Yes, I'm persuaded that we have seriously endangered our strength by many of our so-called security measures, which tend to close certain areas for investigation or for discussion, and that we are liable to fall into serious error unless we can reopen questions and discuss them. Here's the historical perspective again. Surely our standard of living now is higher than it ever was before. Do you think that's come to us at a cost of spiritual values or other values? Yes, of course it is higher in some very obvious ways, Mr. Lucera. We all go around patting ourselves on the back because our technological civilization and so forth is given as a very high standard of living. But I think there's a good deal of wishful thinking about this. I think we sometimes flatter ourselves that our standard of living is markedly higher than it was, let us say, a hundred years ago. After all, it isn't necessarily true that a family that can afford two cars and two children has a higher standard of living than a family that has no automobile but eight to ten children. Certainly in the middle classes and the professional classes, families were just as well off or better off in 1800 than in 1950. They had more spacious houses instead of small apartments. They ate larger meals or not necessarily healthier ones. They generally had more land to move about in. Their clothes were perhaps not as numerous but lasted longer. And they were able to raise very large families in general as you give them some form of education. I think we do exaggerate the increase in standard of living in this country. Would you say the same thing is true that we exaggerate our standard of living in comparison to the standard of living of foreign countries, for example? I would say we do exaggerate it with respect to some of the countries of Western Europe. I think our standard of living is distinctly higher than that of a great many even European countries. But to suppose that it's higher in necessity and in all respects than that of Sweden, for example, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Britain, and so forth is to some extent an illusion of some material things that obviously is higher. In other respects it's possibly not quite as high. Mr. Comer, do you think our country is more or less unified in some areas on foreign policy, for example, now than it has been in the past during some of our crises? Oh, I think there probably is a larger degree of agreement but I think the disagreements are perhaps sharper, more vehement than at earlier times. I think we have to go back perhaps to the 1790s and the early 18th, 19th century, the days of the conflict over the French Revolution and Napoleon, for disagreements quite as sharp and divisive as they are today. I think we have to go that far back for the language to find an analogy to the language of Billingsgate, if you will, the language of trees and counter-trees that is so commonly used now. I think let us say quantitatively there's a much larger agreement today. The vast majority of Americans of both parties are in fundamental agreement on what we should do with respect to, let us say, the UN or European policy or Britain, but that where there are differences of opinion, as over far eastern policy, those differences are sharper and deeper and more divisive than they have been for a very long time indeed. Do you think there is ground for a modest encouragement? Are we a rising civilization or perhaps a falling one? You know, that reminds me of the famous little episode before the conclusion of the Federal Convention when old Franklin got up to make the final speech and he looked at the President's chair and noticed a picture of a son and said that the artists had long found it difficult to distinguish between a rising and a setting sun. Often and often he said in the course of these discussions looked at that chair and wondered which it was and now at last I have the happiness to note that it is a rising and not a setting sun. And I'm inclined to think it is still a rising setting sun, but with this final observation that there is greater danger that it may set once and for all today than there ever was before in history and that it will take greater skill and wisdom on our part to prevent it, to prevent an eternal darkness from settling down over us than it ever took before. Thank you very much, Professor Conrader. I'm very pleased to have you here tonight. The opinions expressed on the Launcine Chronoscope were those of the speakers. The editorial board for this edition of the Launcine Chronoscope was Larry Lesser and August Hector. Our distinguished guest was Henry Steele Comager, the noted American historian. Launcine is called the world's most honored watch. Now just what does that mean? It means exactly what it says. It means that in direct comparison with the finest watches of the world, Launcine watches have won more honors for excellence, elegance, and accuracy than any other watch. 10 world's fair grand prizes, 28 gold medals, and countless honors for accuracy at great government observatories are some of Launcine honors. And this explains why Launcine is official watch for sports and contest associations the world over. The American Automobile Association, the National Aeronautics Association, the American Power Boat Association, and many others. It explains why virtually all American track records established in the past 10 years were timed by Launcine. And why Launcine is official watch for timing major college and professional football games and major league baseball as well. And this is only part of the story. When you buy a Launcine as a Christmas gift, you know that you're buying just about the finest watch made anywhere in the world. And there are many beautifully styled Launcine watches, each a perfect Christmas gift priced as low as $71.50. Launcine, the world's most honored watch, the world's most honored Christmas gift, premier product of the Launcine Witner Watch Company since 1866, maker of watches of the highest character. This is Frank Knight reminding you that Launcine and Witner watches are sold and serviced from coast to coast by more than 4,000 leading jewelers who proudly display this emblem. Agency for Launcine Witner watches. For your enjoyment and for that of your entire family, there's a special treat coming tomorrow Thanksgiving Day. Launcine Witner 6th Annual Thanksgiving Festival, a gala hour long extravaganza in music, song and pantomime. See it on this station tomorrow Thanksgiving afternoon.