I'm Darren Marlar, and this is your Daily Dose of Weird News.  Well, if the lady's name is Lucille, then it's her fault because she's the one who left him. And a fine time she did, too. During next year, McDonald's will be using fresh beef in their quarter-pounders. Translation, what you're eating now is past its expiration date. A company has released what is purported to be the world's strongest coffee. It packs over five times the caffeine power of a normal cup of coffee. It's so strong, in fact, that during testing, not a single person fell asleep while watching the new chips movie. A 20-year-old woman in St. Louis has been banned from Tinder after making hundreds of dollars because her profile said, ''Send me $5 and see what happens.'' So she's banned for taking advantage of gullible idiots? That's what the home shopping network does. They still have their own cable channel. An American Airlines pilot died in the air right before the jet landed Wednesday in Albuquerque. Fortunately, the emergency blow-up co-pilot was available to take over. A teenager in China who suffered from headaches was horrified to discover they started because of a worm living inside his brain. The four-inch-long parasite entered Wen Ziaoli's body as a larva when he accidentally cut his hand and traveled up through his body to live in his head while it grew into an adult. It had been there for two years by the time doctors operated, opening up his skull so that they could pull out the worm, which was still wriggling. Neurosurgeon Yang Ziquan said it was alive, it was still moving inside the brain. The operation was not easy and came with risks. Dr. Yang said, ''That's why we had to pull it out slowly and carefully.'' Fortunately, the teen is doing well and now recovering. Amazon is shutting down diapers.com and other less-than-profitable sites that they own. But you never heard of diapers.com? Well, that's probably why they're shutting it down. Retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, who briefly served as National Security Advisor to President Trump, is said to be seeking immunity from prosecution in exchange for testifying to those conducting investigations into the president's ties to Russia. Uh-oh, Nixon's people didn't start asking for immunity until five or more years into his presidency. This in Melbourne, Florida, are looking for a woman who allegedly tried to pay for items in a store using what authorities described as an old dirty jar of pennies before getting into an argument and threatening to kill the store clerk when he rejected said payment method. The woman left the store and returned with two guns, which she bought at Walmart using an old dirty jar of pennies. Another couple you may not be aware of, Sir Tom Jones and Priscilla Presley. Priscilla has gone from Elvis to Tom Jones? Either way, there's a whole lot of shaking going on. A man resembling Santa Claus was arrested in the Florida Keys last week, and while spring and summer are vacation time for the jolly old elf, we know for a fact that the RST was not actually Santa Claus, but Fidel Guitarelle Gonzalez-Guitarez. The 58-year-old white-bearded man was arrested on six outstanding warrants for selling cocaine. We know Santa doesn't use cocaine to fly. He uses magic beans.


Y dynol gywnaeth y sydd yn ysgol fforbydd yn y ddynol mae'r ddillawel yn ei hyn yn ydyddai adael iawn. Rydym ein ddillawol ar gyfer ffyrdd y gynedd, gwneud hynny sydd yn rhan gwybod rhannu ac mae angen i Wesio. Y dynol yng Ngheirwyr yn y 80 ac mae'n ddillawol ar y cyflwyno. Y dynol yn yr ysgol, yw amser cyfnodd sprwythau fel y cymhail. Felly wedi gweld i dplidio'r canlyniad y gwlad bellach hyn ar gyfer maen nhw, Benad Odol, ac ydy'n ystafell yn y dyfodol, yn ganio'r Gwyrdion Bwrdd Genedlaethol, yn Loed Cymru, a wneud i gyd yn siŵr y fryth y Llywodraeth a gyffredinol. Felly ydw i'n meddwl am y bwysig yw, Maesys Iddica, Gwynffina, Nidi Gwyn700 ac Chawseltwg wedi ydy'r alwll. Ydw i'n rai datgyfiad yma yna, mae'n meddwl am y fadeddydd. Fel ydych chi. Mae'r meddwl am y gwein i'w meddwl, Of course, the name of the group that you represent obviously clearly spells out what, you know, the people in your area are facing. But let's paint a picture. So it's not just a boring stage. We all know what happened in Anambra to a senator of the federal republic. He escaped by the whiskers and most of his oddlies were shot and killed, one would say, assassin style. Why exactly is the situation in the South East the way it is? And why has it grown in lips and bounds as opposed to shrinking or being kicked out? Well, the South East, yes, like other parts of Nigeria are challenged. Nigeria currently has serious security issues. But these issues are called... Mr Dica, are you there? Mr Dica, you are quickly trying to tell us about the situation in the South East that's not being different from what's happening across the country? Yes. I can continue, right? Yes. Okay, yes. I would say that Nigeria currently is under serious security threats from the West to the North to the East. However, in the South East, the agitation of IPOB and the subsequent emergence of a non-government executive queue. However, over the last few months, the situation has kind of, you know, is beginning to normalize. But what you see in the South East now, most of the South is trying to politicize the security situation. Before now, the South East had said they were going to form an Eastern security network called the Gubago. But they assembled ex-military officers, police, DSS, and the rest of them who actually met and came up with a framework on how it is going to happen. And then advised that all the five houses of assembly in the South East are not publicly similar law that can guide the operations of those of the security network. But along the line, obviously, the secretaries that couldn't agree with the politicians led by the governors who, for all, for what reasons we don't know, have decided to bring in policies into security. And these two things cannot go together because we are going into the election now. The South East, the governors themselves, especially in Aberystwyth and Inwstwyth, are the ones who are trying to take advantage of the security situation to oppress the opposition. And that is what has been happening in Aberystwyth as we speak. Just today, the two local governments in the state announced that the Gubago security network is going to be doing random stuff and checks everywhere in the local government. And this is by extension going to happen in every part of the state. Where is the Nigerian police? Where is the DSS? Where is the military? Where is the civil defense? There is immigration and of course some other security agencies. So, when you look at this, you find out that these politicians trying to weaponise the security situation against their opponent. And that is what is causing discomfort and chaos in the South East right now.  A lot of people would rather think that the governors in the South East who raised the alarm over the insecurity in the region would be working tirelessly, tirelessly at Baker Park. To make sure that this situation is quelled, like I said at the beginning, an attempt was made on the life of a senator. There is also an attempt that was made on the life of another public office holder in Aberystwyth. And this has continued to happen. Let's not forget in a hurry the husband of a former minister in this country who was killed. Also assassination style. Why does it seem that, according to Ms Idika, that this issue is being politicised as opposed to quelling it, knowing that elections are around the corner. And if people do not feel safe, then elections may not necessarily happen. These people might not show up to the polls. Or could this also be a strategy, but I'm wondering to what end? Thank you very much. What is happening in the South East has so much to do with the selfish interest, like Idika pointed out, of the governors of the region. Particularly that of Aberystwyth. I'm particular about Aberystwyth, because the situation even anymore is not as worse as it is in Taiwan. The issues pertaining to the global security network and this creation from one set. The South East Governance Forum, first of all, hope to have clearly brought the status of assembling the South East together. Just like it was done in the case of Amoteco. If this had happened, we should have had a level plan to where the legislators should have clearly stated the rules and the doubts of this particular group. Amid them was fine, but from the work goal, the duty was to man the forests in the entire region against Marudin Fulani in Vedas, who were threatening the life and peace of the southern part of Nigeria. This was the original plan, but we know that the governor of Aberystwyth State, Ndebydw Mai, had other plans, as he had always had. The fact remains that these governors are losing grip. They are losing grip on a daily basis, particularly that of Aberystwyth. So that has increased the discretion. Like you have, Mr Idika, say, I'm not presently in Aberystwyth, but the reports I get in Aberystwyth is that in every local government now, the governor has said, look, for you to move, the government in power through Ebu Bagu has to search your vehicle. They have to search you to know to be sure of your entry into your own local government. These are preponderances of, you know, the foundation has been clearly laid for a violent election in the States. And anybody who has known the character of the governor and his modus operandi has every reason to be afraid. And that is why we are worried. And that's why everybody is afraid. I'm sorry, what exactly do you mean by those who know the modus operandi of the governor? What exactly do you mean by that? And what is his modus operandi? What I mean is that the governor has not hidden the fact since November when he defected. He didn't the fact that proof that he can force the ruling APC down the throat of Agonias. That is what I mean by his modus operandi. What has he done to this effect? This Ebu Bagu, other governors like Benway and even though they are begging for the fragment to approve arms, O maen i'n started equipping these people from the wargo by sending an appeal to the House of Assembly as we speak. That bill established by Ebu Bagu. Charles, I think we lost you briefly there, but let me quickly go back to Mr Dicat.  Let's talk about finally what are the people in the southeast doing to get their leaders to act? i gael y gallu hyn ar ôl i chi i gael ymddech chi'n gweithio ar gyfer o'r ysgolwyr yma. Mae'r dysgu sy'n ei wneud am y cyfnodd, gallwch chi'n mynd i ddweud roi'r cyfrifoedd y cyfrifoedd yma, a ymddech chi'n gwneud y plwyd yn hwnnw i'r cyfrifoedd yma, sy'n i'r cyfrifoedd yma ar gyfer y cyfrifoedd. yma ar y cyfrifiadu cyfrifiadau a'r cyfrifiad yma yw ddiolch mewn i'r argymell? Dyma'n ddau'r hynny, dyma'n ddwn y hynny'n ddysgu'r cyfrifiadauятся ar y cyfrifiadau a'r cyfrifiadau am y cyfrifiadau. Mae'n cael ei ddweud hynny am ddysgu'r cyfrifiadau o'r cyfrifiadau. Ynw'n gofynnodd, dyma'n ddweud hynny'n ddysgu'r cyfrifiadau, dyma'n ddysgu'r cyfrifiadau? Mae gennym hi wedi cael cyffraff i mi whileio, a llwyrwch anferd, adnwch'i heddiw y rŵw. Ychydig y peth bryd yn y gweithio, yn rhaiio'r beth, efallai miliwn y rheol. Wrth gwrs mae'r cyllideb yn ystafell. Rydych chi'r rŵj gwaith ei chweithio, mae'r gweithio'r sphyddau'r cyllideb yn creu. Pan atwewn, mae gen i'n ddiwedd o'r economu yw'r tynnu i'n fath o holl ymwyneth a ond, gwrs, rwy'n sefydlu'r bron ymwylo. Dyna, when you talk about security in the South East, you find out that there are certain peculiarities with different states. For example, in random brush, there is not going to be governorship election in random brush in 2023. Nid yw'n meddwl chyfnod yng Nghaerbyn i ddechrau'r unigol yn ddechrau'r unigol, a'r ddechrau'r ddechrau'n ddod o'r unigol. Yn y ddechrau chyfnod i'r senetoriaeth a'r ddechrau'r unigol, ac yn ddechrau'r ddechrau'r unigol. Yn ddidd chi, dwy'n cael ei ddweud o gyhoesol gyda'r unigol yn ddechrau'r unigol, ond ond hefyd a yn ystafell o yardddoedd sydd ond achos y dyfyniad. Mynd i ddweud, yr APC oedd y gymhwysoedd gwirio wahanol yn hynny. Mae'r hyn o'r syniad ar ddiweddau hynny sy'n hefyd yma sy'n ei ffagr o'r COVID-19. Yn maen nhw'n gweithio, mae'r meddwl honno heddiw o dysgu cyflyb yn Cwylun Cwylun Cwylun yn Gf drains yna'i gyffechddol ar gyfermun L-A-P-C. Llyfrgell Thetape hyd yn digwch y ffartre inni'r ddeithasod, yn dangos yma'n eu pointed. Eryd y gallai'r ffartre cysyllt o'r ffartre cyflyb yn cynllun i'r ffartre o gyflyb yng Nghymru yw'r ddeithasod a'r tyfnod yn I-Pobla ar gwrs, a'r cysyllt o bwysig o'r ddeithasod. Now, bringing insecurity to this political milieu is very counterproductive, because now you can see in a boy's day today, like I've said in several other outlets, you find out that everywhere you go in the towns, there is a bubabu checkpoint, Harassin Teker, Ocada Rhaidas and all that, not everywhere. Whereas the essence of the formation of a bubabu has initially continued was to protect the interlands and then provide credible intelligence to the police, the SS and the other federal security agencies to ensure that the Ben rampaging headsmen didn't have a headway. Unfortunately, that is not the case right now, because I know that we have a report that a new bubabu officer was also shot and killed. Unfortunately, time is not on our side, but I want to say thank you, Moses. Moses is the convener, a warrior Nigerian citizens, and Charles is a public affairs analyst. Thank you so much, gentlemen. We will come back and have this conversation again and revisit what's happening in the southeast. Thank you very much. All right. Well, that's the show tonight. Thank you all for being part of the conversation. Don't forget you can watch a replay of the program. Just go on our YouTube, which is plus TV Africa or plus TV Africa lifestyle.  And don't forget to follow us on all our social media platforms. I am Mary Anacorn. Have a good evening.


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Hello, hello everyone. My name is Laura and this is my channel Laura's Little Library and welcome to today's video Which is kind of my June TBR I'm going to quick run to the bookstore and then the library and Depending on what I find at the library is going to determine what my June TBR is So it's gonna be a partial I kind of come book shopping slash come to the library with me And then I'll go through everything that I want to read this month in June. So I'm super excited I already have one buddy read planned for the book that I plan on getting from Barnes & Noble today And I am almost done with an audiobook that I started yesterday that I'm very much enjoying and that is the Kindred by Alicia Dow Also, just so you know the theme for the TBR is Quickly queer because it is Pride Month and if I find anything with bi rep I'm gonna go probably straight to that just For myself for my own representation, I think it would be a lot of fun But just anything kind of queer I'm gonna go for it And that's why I started off with the Kindred because it's a sci-fi debut That are one of the main characters is bi and then a couple other of the side characters are gay as well as Non-binary so it's a great kickoff to you this month so far and yes I am back in my parents house So yeah, all right, let's get going The second book in duology and I read for the wolf earlier this year and I loved it It's one of my favorite books of the year so far And this one came out today the day that I'm filming it, which is June 7 and I have been waiting for this to come out I am so excited Can hear my dad cooking in the background But yeah, so I'm really excited to finish up this duology And I believe this is actually going to be a buddy read with a friend of mine from high school Who has recently been getting into the book talk world? So really excited to read this with her and just read it in general So this is the book I got in June I also want to mention before I get into the rest of this TV art that my amazing amazing husband Got me This cute little dragon cute little dragon pin this cute little bisexual dragon pin, and it's it's just so cute So I think I'm gonna put this on my purse I like it cuz it's not like overly in your face bisexual, but like I can still have something representing me on there I was gonna just put it on here and just have it for the rest of the video But I won't do that because it's a fairly hefty pin So yeah, I just want to find that out because it's Friday month and I'm excited So I think I'm gonna do the three books that I own that I want to read Before I get into the library books. So I have my dearest darkest by Caleb Cunningham This is a queer dark academia and I again got it when it came out in like April And I've been wanting to read ever since so I would love to read it this month Maybe on like a rainy day because it kind of gives me like rainy day dreary vibes If you know what I mean, then check out my rainy day recommendations video Then I have the night and it's noon, which is a book by Piper CJ and she's actually a book talk She's not a book talker. She's on tiktok But she does she talks about folklore because she has a master's in folklore And I love watching her videos and the main character of this is bisexual and it's fantasy And so yeah, my friend got me this for my birthday. This is the self-published version However, she is being picked up by a publisher and so they will republish this with the editing and honestly As long I'm gonna read this and if I like it, then I'm probably going to also purchase the republished version and just have them both Like I like this and Then the final book that I own that I'm going to read is Six of Pros by Lee Bardugo I have finished the original trilogy of the Grisha verse So it's time for me to pick this up And I believe there is a queer character in here as well. So I'm excited I like that not all of my queer books are just gonna be YA romance Even though a lot of them are just because it is summer, but yes Okay, now we get to go into the long Long bunch of library books that I got. I will say I'm not expecting to read all of these But I'm excited to get to maybe half of them because half of them were books that I got at the first two libraries I was like, I'm not super excited to read it, but I want to have something To read that I'm somewhat interested in and then the third and final library that I went to I found a bunch of books That I was really excited for so I also have dial A for aunties the last book in the school for good and evil series and I think one more book on audio other than my current read the kindred So just putting that out there those are books I'm gonna read just because I have them not necessarily to fit to be pride theme But one book that I do have over audio that I did pick up the physical copy just to kind of read along together Was the grim rose girls and this is by Laura Cole and this is another queer dark academia Kind of fairy tales ish vibes So again, this is one that when I heard what's coming out. I was really excited for so I I don't know why I'm just so into dark academia again like a secondary phase of dark academia Through the year this next one isn't queer. I don't think But it was cute and it's a graphic novel so I'm just I'll read it real quick And that's the prince and the dressmaker by Jen Wang I don't know the boy likes to wear dresses. What's so wrong with that? so Got that one and then I got cool for the summer and this is by Dahlia Adler and this book in the plot is Not one that I'm super excited for per se It you know It's one girl goes to North Carolina has a fling with a girl and then goes back to school and has a crush on a boy And then the girl that she had a fling with over the summer goes to her school Kind of gives me a little bit of grease vibes, but like not quite So it's a little bit of a love triangle But the reason I did pick this up is because this is the first book that I heard on Booktube like that was talked about that had a bisexual main character So I thought and follow it to fruition plus it's not too long. So Well, I'll give it a shot Plus it's a summery read so and then this next one. I was super excited for I was really hoping I would find it And that is the henna wars and this is by adiba jagirdar and I have read some of adiba jagirdar's other works And I very much enjoyed them, but this one just sounds so adorable It is about two girls who have rival henna businesses and I'm just so excited so This one will be one I'll pick up pretty early on and then another one I hope to pick up fairly early is a spindle splintered by Alex Iharo. This book is so short like this is Tiny like I'm gonna read this in a night, but it was Someone had told me that it was queer and then I saw it at the library in the their little queer shelf I don't know like how it's queer, but I don't really care because it's short and queer and fantasy So and it's like a sleeping beauty retelling if I'm misreimagining of sleeping beauty, so I'm all for it next Stack I have a master of gin and this is by P. Deji Clark I did not say that right, so just go ahead and look at it this one I had on my radar be because of gin I it's like a steampunk Egypt I think a steampunk Cairo and I'm really excited for that aspect But then again this too was like on a queer shelf and like there was a brief mentioning somewhere that was queer But I wasn't expecting it so I'm excited to read it and then it's also queer so I can read it this month And then I also have I'll be the one and this is by Laila Lee and this has I believe her main character is ace I feel like it. I'm pretty sure that's what I heard so Yes, but she it's about a girl who is plus eyes who's told that she can't be a kpop star and then she becomes one So I think it'll just be a cute little light story. I've heard good things about it So plus it's got such a summary cover and she looks so happy And then I have never night by Jay Kristoff and this was one I got at the very first library It was the only one I got and it and this is kind of on the lower end of my priority Because I like the plot, but I heard some things that Jay Kristoff may be problematic So We'll see Yeah, it might just be that I read it like from the library and support my library rather than like support the author But yeah another fantasy with queer somewhere in here I've been told So then the final book is not actually one that I picked up from the library But one that my husband picked up from the library a while ago And he is currently reading it and I think I'm gonna pick it up after him either This very one and then return it to library when I'm done Or I'll like recheck it out or extend it or whatever but that is getting in the ninth by by Tamsin Muir and This was literally described to me as lesbian necromancers in space so I'm here for it and it's so funny because the library copy has black sprayed edges, which I think is so interesting but Yeah, so those are all the books there are a lot of books and like I said There's no way I'm getting to all of these. Maybe I will read some of them in July as well But really it's gonna be all about prioritizing Thank you all so much for watching this ginormous June TVR If you have any more suggestions for me, I mean I'm gonna try and see how many of these I can get over Audiobook to try and read them faster so if you have any recommendations or what are you reading this month? If you're reading any books for pride month, let me know down below Otherwise give this video a thumbs up if you liked it make sure you subscribe and hit the bell So I make videos on Sundays and Wednesdays. I also have a bunch of bookish social media link down below So feel free to go and follow me there, but until I see you all in the next video. I wish you happy reading


CHAPTER 41 Teaching Wildlife Protection to the Young They are acting on the principle that the wildlife of today is not ours to destroy or keep as we choose, but has been given to us in trust, partly for our benefit and partly for those who come after us and audit our accounts. They believe that we have no right to squander and destroy a wildlife heritage of priceless value which we have done nothing to create and which is not ours to destroy. DUTY OF PARENTS This being the case it is very necessary that the young people of today should be taught early and often the virtue and the necessity of wildlife protection. There is no reason that the boy of today should not take up his share of the common burden just as soon as he is old enough to wander alone through the woods. Let him be taught in precise terms that he must not rob bird's nest and that he must not shoot songbirds, woodpeckers, and kingfishers with a .22 caliber rifle or any other gun.  Now those boys were not wholly to blame for what they were doing, but their fathers and mothers were very much to blame. They should have been taught at the parental knee that it is very wrong to kill any bird except a genuine game bird and then only in the lawful open season. Those two fathers paid ten dollars each for having failed in their duty and it served them right for they were the real culprits. Small caliber rifles are becoming alarmingly common in the hands of boys. Parents must do their duty in the training of their boys against bird shooting. It is a very serious matter. A million boys who roam the fields with small rifles without having been instructed in protection can destroy an appalling number of valuable birds in the course of a year. Some parents are so slavishly devoted to their children that they wish them to do everything they please and be checked in nothing. Such parents constitute one of the pests of society and a drag upon the happiness of their own children. It is now the bound in duty of each parent to teach each one of his or her children that the time has come when the resources of nature and especially wildlife must be conserved. To permit boys to grow up and acquire guns without this knowledge is very wrong. The Duty of Teachers and Schools A great deal of nature study is being taught in the public schools of the United States. That the young people of our land should be taught to appreciate the works of nature and especially animal life and plant life is very desirable. Thus far, however, there is a screw loose in the system and that is the shortage in definite positive instruction regarding individual duty toward the wild creatures, great and small. Along with their nature studies all our school children should be taught in the imperative mood. 1. That it is wrong to disturb breeding birds or rob birds' nests. 2.  3. That it is no longer right for civilized man to look upon wild game as necessary food because there is plenty of other food and the remnant of game cannot withstand slaughter in that basis. 4. That the time has come when it is the duty of every good citizen to take an active, aggressive part in preventing the destruction of wildlife and in promoting its preservation. 5. That every boy and girl over twelve years of age can do something in this cause and finally, six, that protection and encouragement will bring back the almost vanished birds. We call upon all boards of education, all principals of schools, and all teachers to educate our boys and girls constantly and imperatively along these lines. Teachers do not say to your pupils, it is right and nice to protect birds, but say, it is your duty to protect all harmless wild things and you must do it. In a good cause there is great virtue in must. We are losing each year an immense amount of available wildlife protection. The doctrine of imperative individual duty never yet has been taught in our schools, as it should be taught. A few teachers have indeed covered this ground, but I am convinced that their proportion is mighty small. 6. Textbooks. The writers of the Nature Study textbooks are very much to blame because nine-tenths of the time this subject has been ignored. The situation has not been taken seriously, save in a few cases by a very few authors. I am glad to report that in 1912 there was published a fine textbook by Professor James W. Peabody of the Morris High School in New York and Dr. Arthur E. Hunt in which from beginning to end the duty to protect wildlife is strongly insisted upon. It is entitled, Elementary Biology, Plants, Animals, and Man. Thereafter, no zoological or Nature Study textbook should be given a place in any school in America unless the author of it has done his full share in setting forth the duty of the young citizen toward wildlife. Where I am a member of a Board of Education, I would seek to establish and enforce this requirement. Today, any author who will presume to write a textbook of Nature Study or zoology without knowing and doing his duty toward our vanishing fauna is too ignorant of wildlife and too careless of his duty toward it to be accepted as a safe guide for the young. The time for criminal indifference has gone by. Hereafter, everyone who is not for the preservation of wildlife is against it, and it is time to separate the sheep from the goats. From this time forth, the preservation of our fauna should be regarded as a subject on which every candidate for a teacher certificate should undergo an examination before receiving authority to teach in a public school. The candidate should be required to know why the preservation of birds is necessary, why the slaughter of wildlife is wrong and criminal, the extent to which wild birds and mammals return to us and thrive under protection, why wild game is no longer a legitimate food supply, why wild game should not be sold, and why the feathers of wild birds, other than game birds, never should be used as millinery ornaments. As sensible Americans and somewhat boastful of our intelligence, we should put the education of the young in wildlife protection on a rational business basis. State Efforts In several of our states, systematic efforts to educate children in their duty toward wildlife are already being made. To this end, an annual Bird Day has been established for statewide observance. This splendid idea is now legally enforced in the following states, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Bird Day is also more or less regularly observed, though not legally provided for, in New York, Indiana, Colorado, and Alabama, and locally in some cities of Pennsylvania. Usually the observance of the day is combined with that of Arbor Day, and the date is fixed by proclamation of the governor. Alabama and Wisconsin regularly issue elaborate and beautiful Arbor and Bird Day annuals, and Illinois, and possibly other states, have issued very good publications of this character. The Philips Educational Campaign for the Birds Quite recently there has come under my notice an episode in the education of school children that has given the public profound satisfaction. I cite it here as an object lesson for Pan America. In Carrick, Pennsylvania, just across the Monongahila River from the city of Pittsburgh, lives John M. Philips, state game commissioner, nature lover, sportsman, and friend of man. He is a man who does things and gets results. Goat Mountain Park, 450 square miles in British Columbia, today owes its existence to him, for without his initiative and labor it would not have been established. It was the first game preserve of British Columbia. Three years ago Mr. Philips became deeply impressed by the idea that one of the best ways in the world to protect the wildlife, both of today and the future, would be in teaching school children to love it and protect it. His fertile brain and open checkbook soon devised a method for his home city. His theory was that by giving the children something to do, not only in protecting but in actually bringing back the birds, much might be accomplished. In studying the subject of bringing back the birds, he found that the Russian mulberry is one of the finest trees in the world as a purveyor of good fruit for many kinds of birds. The tree does not resemble our native mulberry, but is equally beautiful and interesting. The fruit is not a long berry, nor is it of a purple color, but it grows from buds on the limbs and twigs, something after the manner of the pussy willow. It is smaller, of light color and has very distinct flavor. The most striking peculiarity about the fruit is that it keeps on ripening during two months or more, new berries appearing daily while others are ripening. This is why it is such good bird food, nor is it half bad for folks, for the berries are good to look at and to eat, either with cream or without, and to make pies that will set any sane boy's mouth a watering at sight, Erasmus Wilson. Everyone knows the value of sweet cherries, both to birds and to children. Mr. Phillips decided that he would give away several hundred bird boxes, and also several hundred sweet cherry and Russian mulberry trees. The first gift distribution was made in the early spring of 1909, another followed in 1910, but the last one was the most notable. On April 11, 1912, Carrick had a great and glorious bird day. Mr. Phillips was the author of it, and Governor Tenor, the finisher. On that day occurred the third annual gift distribution of raw materials, designed to promote in the breast of two thousand children a love of birds, and an active desire to protect and increase them. Mr. Phillips gave away five hundred bird boxes, five hundred sweet cherry trees, and two hundred mulberry trees. The sun shone brightly, five hundred flags waved in Carrick. The Governor made one of the best speeches of his life, and Erasmus Wilson, faithful friend of the birds, wrote this good story for the occasion for the gazette times of Pittsburgh. The Governor was there, and the children, the bird boxes and the young trees. And was there ever a brighter or more fitting day for a children and bird jubilee? The scene was so inspiring that Governor Tenor made one of the best speeches of his life. The distribution of several hundred cherry and mulberry trees was the occasion, and the beautiful grounds of the Roosevelt School, Carrick, was the scene. Mr. John M. Phillips, sane sportsman and enthusiastic friend of the birds, has been looking forward to this as the culmination of a scheme he has been working on for years, and he was more than pleased with the outcome. The intense delight it afforded him more than repaid him for all it has cost in all the years past. But it was impossible to tell who were the more delighted, he or the Governor or the children, or the visitors who were so fortunate as to be present. County Superintendent of Schools Samuel Hamilton was simply a mass of delight. And how could he be otherwise, surrounded as he was by two thousand and more children fairly quivering with delight? Children will care for and defend things that are their very own, fight for them and stand guard over them. During this, Mr. Phillips undertook to show them how they could have birds all their own. Being clever in devising schemes for achieving things most to be desired, he began giving out bird boxes to those who would agree to put them up, and to watch and defend the birds when they came to make their homes with them. And he found that no more faithful sentinel ever stood on guard than the boy who had a birdhouse all his own. Here was the solution to the vexed problem. Provide boxes for those who would agree to put them up, care for the birds, and study their habits and needs. The children agreed at once, and the birds did not object. So Mr. Phillips had some hundreds, four or five, bluebird and ren boxes constructed during the past winter. These were passed out some weeks ago to any boys or girls who would present an order signed by their parents and countersigned by the principal of the school. He knows enough about a boy to know that he does not prize the things that come without effort, nor will he become deeply interested in anything for which he is not held more or less responsible, hence the advantage of having him write an order, having it endorsed by his parents and vouched for by his school principal. That he had struck the right scheme was proven by the evidity with which the girls and boys rushed for the boxes. The fact that a heavy rain was falling did not dampen their ardor for a moment, nor did the fact that they were tramping Mr. Phillips' beautiful lawn into a field of mud. Mr. Phillips, seeing the necessity of providing food for the prospective hosts of birds, and wishing to place the responsibility on the boys and girls, offered to provide a cherry tree or mulberry tree for every box erected, provided they should be properly planted and diligently cared for. This was practically the culmination of the most unique bird scheme ever attempted, and yesterday was the day set apart for the distribution of these hundreds of fruit trees, the products of which are to be divided share and share alike with the birds. Nowhere else has such a scheme been attempted, and never before has there been just such a day of jubilee. The intense interest manifested by the children and the earnest enthusiasm manifested leaves no doubt about their carrying out their part of the contract. Up to date, 1912, Mr. Phillips has given away about 1,000 bird boxes, 1,500 cherry and Russian mulberry trees, and transformed the schools of character into seething masses of children militantly enthusiastic in the protection of birds, and in providing them with homes and food. As a final coup, Mr. Phillips has induced the city of Pittsburgh to create the office of city ornithologist at a salary of $1,200 per year. The duty of the new officer is to protect all birds in the city from all kinds of molestation, especially when nesting, to erect birdhouses, provide food for wild birds on a large scale, and report annually upon the increase or decrease of feathered residents and visitors. Mr. Frederick S. Webster, long known as a naturalist and practical ornithologist, has been appointed to the position and is now on active duty. So far as we are aware, Pittsburgh is the first city to create the office of city ornithologist. It is a happy thought. It will yield good results, and other cities will follow Pittsburgh's good example. End of Chapter 41. Chapter 42 of Our Vanishing Wildlife. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Shrutagal. Our Vanishing Wildlife by William T. Hornaday. Chapter 42, The Ethics of Sportsmanship. I counted as rather strange that American and English sportsmen have hunted and shot for a century, and until 1908 formulated practically nothing to establish and define the ethics of shooting game. Here and there, a few unwritten principles have been evolved and have become fixed by common consent. But the total number of these is very few. Perhaps this has been for the reason that every free and independent sportsman prefers to be a law unto himself. Is it not doubly strange, however, that even down to the present year, the term sportsman never has been defined by a sportsman? Forty years ago, a sportsman might have been defined, according to the standards of that period, as a man who hunts wild game for pleasure. Those were the days where no one first saw the wholesale annihilation of species, and there were no wilderness game preserves. In those days, gentlemen shot female hoofed game, trapped bears if they felt like it, killed 10 times as much big game as they could use, and no one made any fuss whatever about the waste or extermination of wildlife. Those were the days of ox teams and broad axes. Today, we are living in a totally different world, a world of grinding, crunching, pulverizing progress, a world of annihilation of the works of nature. And what is a sportsman today? A sportsman is a man who loves nature and who, in the enjoyment of the outdoor life and exploration, takes a reasonable toll of nature's wild animals, but not for commercial profit, and only so long as his hunting does not promote the extermination of a species. In view of the disappearance of wildlife all over the habitable globe and the steady extermination of a species, the ethics of sportsmanship has become a matter of tremendous importance. If a man can shoot the last living virtual zebra or pronghorned antelope and be a sportsman and a gentleman, they may as well drop down all bars and say no more about the ethics of shooting game. But the real gentlemen, sportsmen of the world, are not insensible to the duties of the hour in regard to the taking or not taking of game. The time has come when canon laws should be laid down of worldwide application, and so thoroughly accepted and promulgated that their binding force cannot be ignored. Among other things, it is time for a list of species to be published, which no man claiming to be either a gentleman or a sportsman can shoot for ought else than preservation in a public museum. Of course, this list would be composed of the species that are threatened with extermination. Of American animals, it should include the pronghorned antelope, Mexican mountain sheep, all the mountain sheep and goats in the United States, the California grizzly bear, mule deer, West Indian seal, and California elephant seal and walrus. In Africa, that list should include the Ellen, white rhinoceroses, Blesbok, Bontbok, Kudu, giraffes and southern elephants, sable antelope, rhinoceroses south of the Zambezi, leercorax antelope, and whale-headed stork. In Asia, it should include the great Indian rhinoceroses and its allied species, the burl, the nilgeritar, and the gale, the David deer of Manchuria already is extinct in a wild state. In Australia, the introduction should include the thylacine or Tasmanian wolf, all the large kangaroos, the imu, the lyrebird, and the mallybird. Think what it would mean to the species named above if all the sportsmen of the world would unite in their defense, both actively and passively. It would be to those species a modus vivivendi worthwhile. Prior to 1908, no effort, so far as we are aware, ever had been made to promote the establishment of a comprehensive and up-to-date code of ethics for sportsmen who shoot. A few clubs of men who were hunters of big game had expressed in their constitutions a few brief principles for the purpose of standardizing their own respective memberships, but that was all. I have not taken pains to make a general canvas of sportsmen's clubs to ascertain what rules have been laid down by any large number of organizations. The Boone Crockett Club of New York and Washington had in its constitution the following excellent article. Article 10. The use of steel traps, the making of large bags, the killing of game while swimming in water, or helpless in deep snow, and the unnecessary killing of females or young of any species of ruminant shall be deemed offenses. Any member who shall commit such offenses may be suspended or expelled from the club by a unanimous vote of the executive committee. In 1906, this club condemned the use of automatic shotguns in hunting as unsportsmanlike. The Lewis and Clark Club of Pittsburgh had in its constitution, as Section 3 of Article 3, the following comprehensive principle. The term legitimate sport means not only the observance of local laws, but excludes all methods of taking game other than by fair stalking or still hunting. At the end of the Constitution of this club is this declaration and admonition. Purchase and sale of trophies. As the purchase of heads and horns establishes a market value and encourages Indians and others to shoot for sale, often in violation of local laws and always through the detriment of the protection of game for legitimate sport, the Lewis and Clark Club condemns the purchase or the sale of the heads or horns of any game. In 1906, the Lewis and Clark Club condemned the use of automatic shotguns as unsportsmanlike. The Shikara Club of London, a club which contains all the big game hunters of the nobility and gentry of England and of which His Majesty, King George, is honorary president, has declared the leading feature of its objects in the following terms. To maintain the standard of sportsmanship, it is not squandered bullets and swollen bags which appeal to us. The test is rather in a love of forest, mountains, and desert, an acquired knowledge of the habits of animals, in the strenuous pursuit of a weary and dangerous quarry, in the instinct for a well-divised approach to a fair shooting distance, and in the patient retrieve of a wounded animal. In 1908, the Campfire Club of America formally adopted as its Code of Ethics, the sportsman's platform of 15 articles that was prepared by the writer in place before the Sportsman of America, Great Britain, and her colonial dependencies in that year. In the book of the club, it regularly appears as follows. Code of Ethics of the Campfire Club of America, proposed by William T. Hornaday and adopted December 10th, 1908. One, the wild animal life of today is not ours to do with as we please. The original stock is given to us in trust for the benefit both of the present and the future. We must render an accounting of this trust to those who come after us. Two, judging from the rate at which the wild creatures of North America are now being destroyed, 50 years hence there will be no large game left in the United States nor in Canada outside of rigidly protected game preserves. It is therefore the duty of every good citizen to promote the protection of forests and wildlife and the creation of game preserves while supply of game remains. Every man who finds pleasure in hunting or fishing should be willing to spend both time and money in active work for the protection of forests, fish, and game. Three, the sale of game is incompatible with the perpetual preservation of a proper stock of game. Therefore, it should be prohibited by laws and by public sentiment. Four, in the settled and civilized regions of North America, there is no real necessity for the consumption of wild game as human food, nor is there any good excuse for the sale of game for food purposes. The maintenance of hired laborers on wild game should be prohibited everywhere under severe penalties.  The Indian has no inherent or God given ownership of the game in North America any more than of its minimal resources and he should be governed by the same game laws as white men. Six, no man can be a good citizen and also be a slaughterer of game or fishes beyond the narrow limits compatible with high class sportsmanship. Seven, a game butcher or market hunter is an undesirable citizen and should be treated as such. Eight, the highest purpose which the killing of wild game and game fishes can hear after be made to serve is in furnishing objects to overworked men for tramping and camping trips in the wilds and the value of wild game as human food should no longer be regarded as an important factor in its pursuit. Nine, if rightly conserved wild game constitutes a valuable asset to any country which possesses it and it is good statesmanship to protect it. Ten, an ideal hunting trip consists of a good comrade fine country and a very few trophies per hunter. Eleven, in an ideal hunting trip the death of the game is only by an incident and by no means is it really necessary to a successful outing. Twelve, the best hunter is the man who finds the most game, kills the least and leaves behind him no wounded animals. Thirteen, the killing of an animal means the end of its most interesting period. When the country is fine pursuit is more interesting than possession. Fourteen, the killing of a female hoofed animal save for special preservation is to be regarded as incompatible with the highest sportsmanship and it should everywhere be prohibited by stringent laws. Fifteen, a particularly fine photograph of a large wild animal in its haunts is entitled to more credit than the dead trophy of a similar animal, an animal that has been photographed never should be killed unless previously wounded in the chase. This platform has been adopted as code of ethics by the following organizations besides the Campfire Club of America, the Lewis and Clark Club of Pittsburgh, John M. Phillips President, the North American Fish and Game Protective Association International, the Massachusetts Fish and Game Protective Association Boston, Campfire Club of Michigan Detroit, Rod and Gun Club Sheridan County, Wyoming. The platform has been endorsed and published by the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the British Empire, London, which is an endorsement of far reaching importance. Major J. Stevenson Hamilton, CMZS, Warden of the Government Game Reserves of the Transvale, South Africa, has adopted the platform and given it the most effective endorsement that it has received from any single individual. In his great work on game protection in Africa and wild animal lore entitled Animal Life in Africa and very highly commended by the committee on literary honours of the Campfire Club, he publishes the entire platform with a depth and cordiality of endorsement that is bound to warm the heart of every man who believes in the principles laid down in that document. He says, it's reprinted on the back of every license that is issued for hunting in Africa. I am profoundly impressed by the fact that it is high time for sportsmen all over the world to take to heart the vital necessity of adopting high and clearly defined codes of ethics to suit the needs of the present hour. The days of game abundance and the careless treatment of wildlife have gone, never to return. End of Chapter 42, The Ethics of Sportsmanship. Chapter 43 of Our Vanishing Wildlife This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Sharon Bautista. Our Vanishing Wildlife by William T. Hornaday. Chapter 43, The Duty of American Zoologists and Educators to American Wildlife. The publication of this chapter will hardly be regarded as a bid for fame or even popularity on the part of the author. However, the subject cannot be ignored simply because it is disagreeable. Throughout 60 years, to go no further back, the people of America have been witnessing the strange spectacle of American zoologists as a mass so intent upon the academic study of our continental fauna that they seem not to have cared a continental about the destruction of that fauna. During that tragic period, 12 species of North American birds have been totally exterminated. 23 are almost exterminated and the mammals have fared very badly. If by their works ye shall know them, then no man can say that the men referred to have been conspicuous on the firing line in defense of assaulted wildlife. In their hearts, we know that in an academic way, the naturalists of America do care about wildlife slaughter and the extermination of species and we also know that perhaps 50 American zoologists have at times taken an active and serious interest in protection of work. I am speaking now of the general body of museum directors and curators, professors and teachers of zoology in our institutions of learning, a legion in themselves, teachers of nature study in our secondary schools, investigators and specialists in state and government service, the texturists and osteologists and the array of literary people who, like all the foregoing, make their bread and butter out of the exploitation of wildlife. Taken as a whole, the people named above constitute a grand army of at least 5,000 trained, educated, resourceful and influential persons. They all depend upon wildlife for their livelihood. When they talk about living things, the public listens with respectful attention. Their knowledge of the value of wildlife would be worth something to our cause, but thus far it never has been capitalized. These people are hard workers and when they mark out definite courses and attainable goals, they know how to get results. Yet what do we see? For 60 long years, with the exception of the work of a corporal's guard of their number, this grand army has remained in camp, partly neglecting and partly refusing to move upon the works of the enemy. For 60 years, with the exception of the non-game bird law, as a class and a mass, they have left to the sportsmen of the country the dictating of laws for the protection of all the game birds, the mammals and the game fishes. When we stop to consider that the game birds alone embrace 154 very important species, the appalling extent to which the zoologist has abdicated in favor of the sportsmen becomes apparent. It is a very great mistake and a wrong besides for the zoologists of the country to abandon the game birds, mammals and fishes of North America to the sportsmen to do with as they please. Yet that is practically what has been done. The time was 30 or 40 years ago when wildlife was so abundant that we did not need to worry about its preservation. That was the golden era of study and investigation. That era ended definitely in 1884 with the practical extermination of the wild American bison, partly through the shameful greed and partly through the neglect of the American people. We are now living in the middle of the period of extermination. The questions for every American zoologist and every sportsman to answer now are, shall the slaughter of species go on to a quick end of the period? Shall we give posterity a birdless, gameless, fishless continent or not? Shall we have closed seasons all over the country for five or 10 years or for 500 years? If we are courageous, we will brace up and answer these questions now, like men. If we are faint-hearted and eager for peace at any price, then we will sidestep the ugly situation until the destroyers have settled it for us by the wholesale extermination of species. If the zoologist cares to know, then I will tell him that today the wildlife of the world can be saved by law but not by sentiment alone. You cannot educate a poacher, a game hog, a market gunner, a milliner or a vain and foolish woman of fashion. All these must be curbed and controlled by law. Game refuges alone will not save the wildlife. All species of birds, mammals and game fishes of North America must have more thorough and far-reaching protection than they now have. Do not always take your cue from the sportsman, especially regarding the enactment of long-closed seasons. If you need good advice or help about drafting a bill, write to Dr. T. S. Palmer, Department of Agriculture, Washington, and you will receive prompt and valuable assistance. The doctor is a wise man and there is nothing about protective laws that is unknown to him. Go to your state senator and your assemblyman with the bills that you know should be enacted into law and assure them that those measures are necessary for the wildlife and beneficial to 98% of the people who own the wildlife. You will be heard with respectful attention in any law-making body that you choose to enter. People who cannot give time and labor must apply you with money for your campaigns. Ask and you will receive. I have proven this many times. With care and exactness, account to your subscribers for the expenditure of all money placed in your hands and you will receive continuous support. In times of great stress, print circulars and leaflets by the 10,000 and get them into the hands of people calling for their help. Our 42,000 copies of the Wildlife Call, 16 pages, were distributed by organizations all over the state of New York and along with Mr. Andrew D. Malloy's letters to the members of the New York State League aroused such a tidal wave of public sentiment against the sale of game that the Bane bill was finally swept through the legislature with only one dissenting vote. And yet in the beginning, not one man dared to hope that that very revolutionary measure could by any possibility be passed in its first year in New York State, even if it ever could be. It was the aroused public that did it. This volume has been written under great pressure in order to put the whole situation before the people of America, including the zoologists and to give them some definite information state by state regarding the needs of the hour. Look at the needs of your own state in the roll call of states and you will find work for your hand to do. Clear your conscience by taking hold now to do everything that you can to stop the carnage and preserve the remnant. 25 or 50 years hence, if we have a birdless and game-less continent, let it not be said that the zoologists of America helped to bring it about by wicked apathy. At this juncture, a brief survey of the attitude toward wildlife of certain American institutions of national reputation will be decidedly pertinent. I shall mention only a few of the many that through their character and position owe specific duties to this cause. No bless oblige. The biological survey of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is a splendid center of activity and initiative in the preservation of our wildlife. The work of Dr. T.S. Palmer has already been spoken of and thanks to his efforts and direction, the survey has become the recognized special champion of preservation in America. The U.S. Forestry Bureau is developing into a very valuable ally and we confidently look forward to the time when its influence and preservation will be a hundred times more potent than it is today.  Let us have both those developments and quickly. In 1896, the American Museum of Natural History became a center of activity in bird protection and the headquarters of the New York State Audubon Society. The President of the Museum, Professor Henry Fairfield Osborne is also the president of that organization. In several of the New York State movements for bird conservation, especially those bearing on the plumage law, the American Museum has been active and at times conspicuous. No one, so I believe, ever appealed to the President of the Museum for help on the firing line without receiving help of some kind. Unfortunately, however, the preservation of wildlife is not one of the declared objects of the American Museum Corporation or one on which its officers may spend money, as is so freely and even joyously done by the Zoological Society. The museum's influence has been exerted chiefly through the active workers of the State Audubon Society and it was as president of that body that Professor Osborne subscribed to the fund that was so largely instrumental in creating the New York law against the sale of game. There is room for an important improvement in the declared objects of the American Museum. To the cause of protection, it is a distinct loss that that great and powerful institution should be unable to spend any money in promoting the preservation of our fauna from annihilation. An amendment to its constitution is earnestly recommended. The activities of the New York Zoological Society began in 1896 and they do not require comment here. They have been continuous, aggressive, and far-reaching and they have been supported by thousands of dollars from the society's treasury. It is true that the funds available for protection work have not represented a great annual sum such as the work demands, but the amount being expended from year to year is steadily increasing. In serious emergencies, there is always something available. During the past two years to relieve the society of a portion of this particular burden, the director of the park secured several large subscriptions from persons outside the society who previously had never entered into this work. The Milwaukee Public Museum has entered actively and effectively into the fight to preserve the birds of Wisconsin from annihilation by the saloon loafer element that three years ago determined to repeal the best bird laws on the books and throw the shooting privilege wide open. Mr. Henry L. Ward, director of the museum, went to the firing line and remained there. Last year, the saloon element thought that they had a large majority of the votes in the legislature pledged to vote their way. It looked like it, but when the decent people again rose and demanded justice for the birds, the members of the legislature stood by them in large majorities. The spring shooting, bad glimate, and hunting license laws were not repealed. The University of Kansas Lawrence scored heavily for the cause of wildlife protection when in 1908, it gave the governor of the state the services of a member of its faculty, Professor Louis Lindsay Dyke, who was wanted to fill the position of state fish and game commissioner. Professor Dyke proved to be a very live wire and his activities have covered the state of Kansas to its farthest corners. We love him for the host of enemies he has made among the poachers, game butchers, and pseudo sportsmen and law breakers generally. The men who thought they had had the pull of friendship for law breaking were first warned and then as second offenders hauled up to the bar, one and all. The more the destroyers tried to hound the commissioner, the more popular is he with the great, solid mass of good citizens who believe in the saving of wildlife. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has at last made a beginning in the field of protection. Last winter, while the great battle raged over the Wharton No Sale of Game Bill, several members of the museum staff appeared at the hearings and otherwise worked for the success of the measure. It was most timely aid and very much needed. It is to be hoped that that auspicious beginning will be continued from year to year. The museum should keep at least one good fighter constantly in the field. The Boston Society of Natural History takes a very active part in promoting the preservation of the fauna of Massachusetts and in resisting the attempts of the destroyers to repeal the excellent laws now enforced. Its members put forth vigorous efforts in the great campaign of 1912. The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences is well represented in the field of protection by director Franklin W. Hooper, now president of the American Bison Society and an earnest promoter of the perpetuation of the bison. When the wind-caved national bison herd is fully established in South Dakota as it practically is already, the chief credit for that coup will be due to the unflagging energy and persistence of Professor Hooper. The Buffalo Academy of Sciences in 1911 entered actively and effectively under the leadership of Dr. Lee H. Smith into the campaign for the Bain Bill. Besides splendid service rendered in Western New York, Dr. Smith appeared in Albany with a strong delegation in support of the bill. The University of California was the first institution of learning to enter the field of wildlife protection for active, aggressive, and permanent work. W. L. Taylor and Joseph Grinnell of the University Museum have taken up the fight to save the fauna of California from the dangers that now threaten it. At this point, our enumeration of the activities of American zoological institutions comes to an unfortunate end. There are many individuals to be named elsewhere in the role of honor, but that is another story. I am now going to set before the public the names of certain institutions largely devoted to zoology and permeated by zoologists, which thus far seem to have entirely ignored the needs of our fauna, in which so far we know have contributed neither men, money, nor encouragement to the army of the defense. Partial list of institutions owing service to wildlife. The United States National Museum contains a large and expensive core of zoological curators and assistant curators, some of whom long ago should have taken upon themselves the task of reforming the laws of the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland at their very doors. This museum should maintain at least one man in the field of protection, and the existence of the biological survey is no excuse for the museum's inactivity. The Field Museum of Chicago is a great institution, but it appears to be inactive in wildlife protection and indifferent to the fate of our wildlife. Its influence is greatly needed on the firing line, especially in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Northern Minnesota. First of all, the odious sale of game situation in Chicago should be cleaned up. The Philadelphia Academy of Sciences has been represented on the AOU committee on bird protection by Mr. Whitmer Stone. The time has come when this academy should be represented on the firing line as a virile, wide awake, self-sacrificing, and aggressive force. It is perhaps the oldest zoological body in the United States. Its scientific standing is unquestioned. Its members must know of the carnage that is going on around them, for they are not ignorant men. The Pennsylvania State Game Commission today stands in urgent need of active, vigorous, and persistent assistance from the Philadelphia Academy in the fierce campaign already in progress for additional protective laws. Will that help be given? The Carnegie Institute of Washington, endowment $22 million, unquestionably owes a great duty toward wildlife, no portion of which has yet been discharged. Academic research work is all very well, but it does not save faunas from annihilation. In the saving of the birds and mammals of North America, 100 million people are directly interested, and the cause is starving for money, men, and publicity. Education is not the only duty of educators. The Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh should be provided by Pittsburgh with sufficient funds that its director can put a good man into the field of protection and maintain his activities. The state of Pennsylvania and the nation at large needs such a worker at Pittsburgh, and this statement is not open to argument. The California Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the New York Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, the Philadelphia Zoological Society, the National Zoological Park, appear to have done nothing noteworthy in promoting the preservation and increase of the wildlife of America. A few of the institutions of learning, which should each donate one man to this cause. Columbia University of New York has a very large and strong core of zoological professors in its Department of Biology. No living organism is too small or too worthless to be studied by high-grade men, but does any man of Columbia ever raise his voice actively and determinately for the preservation of our fauna or any other fauna? Columbia should give the services of one man wholly to this cause. There are men whose zoological ideals soar so high that they cannot see the slaughter of wildlife creatures that is so furiously proceeding on the surface of this blood-stained earth. We don't want to hear about the behavior of protozoans while our best songbirds are being exterminated by Negroes and poor whites. Cornell University should now awake into the new situation. All the zoological Negroes should not fiddle while Rome burns. For the sake of consistency, Cornell should devote the services of at least one member of its large and able faculty to the cause of wildlife protection. Cornell was a pioneer in forestry teaching, and why should she not lead off now in the new field? Yale University in Professor James W. Toomey, Director of the School of Forestry, possesses a natural, ready-made protector of wildlife. From forestry to wildlife is an easy step. We hopefully look forward to the development of Professor Toomey into a militant protectionist fighting for the helpless creatures that must be protected by man or parish. If Yale is willing to set a new pace for the world's great universities, she has the man already at hand. The University of Chicago should become the center of a great new protectionist movement which should cover the whole Middle West area from the plains to Pittsburgh. This is the inflexible logical necessity of the hour. Either protect zoology or else for very shame give up teaching it. Every higher institution of learning in America now has a duty in this matter. Times have changed. Things are not as they were 30 years ago. To allow a great and valuable wild fauna to be destroyed and wasted is a crime against both the present and the future. If we mean to be good citizens, we cannot shirk the duty to conserve. We are trustees of the inheritance of future generations and we have no right to squander that inheritance. If we fail of our plain duty, the scorn of future generations surely will be our portion. End of chapter 43, recording by Sharon Bautista in Evanston, Illinois. Chapter 44 of Our Vanishing Wildlife. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Stephen Kinford. Our Vanishing Wildlife by William T. Hornaday. Chapter 44, The Greatest Needs of the Wildlife Cause and the Duty of the Hour. The fate of wildlife in North America hangs today by three very slender threads, the names of which you will hardly guess unaided. They are labor, money, and publicity. The threads are slender because there is so little raw material in them. We do not need money with which to buy votes or influence, but money with which to pay workers, to publish things to arouse the American people, to sting sportsmen into action, to hire wardens, to prosecute game hogs and buy refuges for wildlife. If a sufficient amount of money for these purposes cannot be procured, then as sure as the earth continues to revolve, our wildlife will pass away forever. This is no cause for surprise or wonder. In this 20th century, money is essential to every great enterprise, whether it be for virtue or mischief. The enemies of wildlife and the people who support them are very powerful. The man whose pocket or whose personal privileges is threatened by new legislation is prompted by business reasons to work against you and spend money in protecting his interests. Now, it happens that the men of ordinary means who have nothing personal at stake in the preservation of wildlife save sentimental considerations, cannot afford to leave their business more than three or four days each year on protection affairs. Yet many times services are demanded for many days or even weeks together in order to accomplish results. Bad repeal bills must be fought until they are dead and good protective bills must be supported until the breath of life is breathed into them by the executive signature. With money in hand, good men always can be found who will work in game protection for about one half what they would demand in other pursuits. With the men whom you really desire, sentiment is always a controlling factor. It is my inflexible rule, however, in asking for services that men who give valuable time and strength to the cause shall not be allowed to take their expense money from their own pockets. Soldiers on the firing line cannot provide the sinews of war that come from the paymaster's chest. Campaigns of publicity are matters of tremendous necessity and importance, but their successful promotion requires hundreds or possibly thousands of dollars for each state that is covered. I believe that the wealthy men and women of America are the most liberal givers for the benefit of humanity that can be found in all the world. New York especially contains a great number of men who year in and year out work hard for money in order to give it away. The depth and breadth of the philanthropic spirit in New York City is to me the most surprising of all the strange impulses that sway the inhabitants of that seething mass of mixed humanity. Every imaginable cause for the benefit of mankind, save one, has received and still is receiving millions of gift dollars. Some enterprises for the transcendent education of the people are at this moment hopelessly wallowing in the excess of wealth that has been thrust upon them. Men are being hired at high salaries to help spend wealth in high, higher, highest education and research. It is now fashionable to bequeath millions to certain causes that do not need them in the least. In education there is a mad scramble to educate every young man to the topmost notch, often far above his probable station in life and into tastes at once far beyond his powers to maintain. In all this, however, there would be no cause for regret if the wildlife of our continent were not in such a grievous state. If we felt no conscious burden for those who come after us, we would not care where the millions go, but since things are as they are, it is heartbreaking to see the cause of wildlife protection actually starving or at the best, subsisting only on financial husks and crumbs, while less important causes literally flounder and surplus wealth. This regret is intensified by the knowledge that in no other cause for the conservation of the resources most valuable to mankind will a dollar go so far or bring back such good results as in the preservation of wildlife. The promotion of the bane bill and the enactment of the bane law is a fair example. That law is today on the statute books of the state of New York because 50 men and women promptly subscribe $5,000 to a fund formed with special references to the expenses of a campaign for that measure, and the uplift of that victory will be felt for years to come, just as it already has been in Massachusetts. At one time I was tempted to show the financial skeleton in the Clause of Wildlife Protection by inserting here a statement of the funds available to be expended by all the New York organizations during the campaign year of 1911 to 1912, but I cannot do it. The showing is too painful, too humiliating. From it our enemies would derive too much comfort. Even in New York State, in view of the great interest at stake, the showing is pitiful. But what shall we say of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New Jersey, and a dozen other states where the situation is much worse? In the winter of 1912 a cry for help came to us from a neighboring state where a terrific fight was being made by the forces of destruction against all reform measures and in behalf of retrogression on spring shooting. The appeal said, the situation in our legislature is the worst that it has been in years. Our enemies are very strong, well organized, and they fight us at every step. We have no funds, and we are expected to make bricks without straw. Is there not something that you can do to help us? There was. Only one week previously, a good friend, who declines to be named, gave us $2,000 of real money for just such emergencies. Within 36 hours an entirely new fighting force has been organized and equipped for service. Within one week those reinforcements have made a profound impression on the defenses of the enemy. And in the end the great fight was won. Of our small campaign fund it took away over $1,000, but the victory was worth it. With money enough, a reasonable sum, the birds of North America and some of the small mammal species also can be saved. The big game that is hunted and killed outside the game preserves and outside of such places as New Brunswick and the Adirondacks cannot be saved until each species is given perpetual protection. Colorado is saving a small remnant of her mountain sheep, but Montana and Wyoming are wasting theirs because they allow killing. And the killers are 10 times too numerous for the sheep. They imagine that by permitting only the killing of rams, they are saving the species. But that is an absolute fallacy. And soon it will have a fatal ending. With an endowment fund of $2 million, only double the price of the two old Velazquez paintings purchased recently by a gentleman of New York, a very good remnant of the wildlife of North America could be saved. But who will give the fund, or even a quarter of it? Thus far, the largest psalms ever given in America for the cause of wildlife protection, so far as I know personally, have been the following. Albert Wilcox to the National Association of Audubon Societies, $322,000. Mary Butcher Fund to the National Associations of Audubon Societies, $12,000. Mrs. Russell Sage for the purchase of Marsh Island, $150,000. American Game Protective and Propagation Association for the manufacturers of firearms and ammunition, annually, $25,000. Charles Willis Ward and E.A. Michael Henney, purchase of Game Preserve presented to Louisiana, $39,000. Mrs. Russell Sage, miscellaneous gifts to the National Audubon Society, $20,000. The American Bison Society for the Montana National Heard, $10,526. New York Zoological Society, total about $20,000. John E. Thayer, purchase of Game Preserve, $5,000. Caroline Phelps Stokes, Bird Fund, New York Zoological Society, $5,000. Boone and Crockett Fund for Preservation, $5,000. The Friend in Rochester, $2,500. Henry C. Frick, $1,500. Samuel Thorn, $1,250. Of all the above, the only endowment funds yielding an annual income are those of the National Association of Audubon Societies and the Caroline Phelps Stokes Fund, $5,000, in the Treasury of the Zoological Society. A fund of $25,000 per year for five years has been guaranteed by the makers of shotguns, rifles, and ammunition to the American Game Protective and Propagation Association. This is like a limited endowment. In the civilized world, there are citizens of many kinds, but all of them can be placed in two groups. One, those with a sense of duty toward mankind and who will do their duty as good citizens. And two, those who from the cradle to the grave meanly and sordidly study their own selfish interests, who never do ought save an expectation of a quick return benefit and who recognize no such thing as duty toward mankind at large. Men and women of the first class are honored in life, mourned when dead, and gratefully remembered by posterity. They leave the world better than they found it and their lives have been successful. Men and women of the second class are merely so many pieces of animated furniture and when they pass out, the world cares no more than when old chairs are thrown upon the scrap heap. There are many men so selfish, so ignorant and mean of soul that even out of well-filled purses, they would not give $10 to save the whole bird fauna of North America from annihilation.  As soon as you find one, waste no time upon him, get out of his neighborhood as quickly as you can and look for help among real men. The wildlife of the world can be saved by a few persons, even though they work their hearts out in the effort. The cause needs two million more helpers and they must be sought in group number one. They are living somewhere, but the great trouble is to find them before it is too late. There are times and causes in which the good citizen has no option but to render service. The most important of such causes are the relief of suffering humanity, the conservation of the resources of nature and the prevention of vandalism. If the American nation had refused aid to stricken San Francisco, the callous hard-heartedness of it would have shocked the world. If the German army of 1871 had destroyed the art treasures in the libraries of Paris, it would have set the German nation back 10 centuries into the ranks of the lowest barbarians. And yet, in America and in the regions now being scourged by the feather trade, a wonderful fauna is being destroyed. It took millions of years to develop that marvelous array of wildlife, and when it is gone, it never can be replaced. Yet the army of destruction is sweeping it away as joyously as a hired laborer cuts down a field of corn. That wildlife can be saved. If done, it must be done by the men and women of group number one. The means by which it can be saved are money, labor, and publicity. Every man of ordinary means and intelligence can contribute either money or labor. The men on the firing line must not be expected to furnish their own food and ammunition. The workers must be provided with the money that active campaign work imperatively demands. Those who cannot conveniently or successfully labor should give money to this cause. But at the same time, every good citizen should keep in touch with his law-making representatives and, in times of need, ask for votes for whatever new laws are necessary. With money enough to arouse the American people in certain ways, the wildlife of North America, north of Mexico, can be saved. Money can secure labor and publicity, and the people will do the rest. For this campaign work I want and must have a permanent fund of $10,000 per annum. Cash always ready for every emergency in fieldwork. I greatly need and must have, immediately, an endowment, wildlife fund, of at least $100,000, and eventually $250,000. I can no longer pass the hat each year. This is needed in addition to the several thousands of dollars annually being expended by the zoological society in this work. The society is already doing its utmost in wildlife protection, just as it is in several other fields of activity. Outside of New York, many wealthy men will say, let New York do it. That often is the way when national campaigning is to be done. In national wildlife protection work, New York is, today, bearing about nine-tenths of the burden. It is my belief that in 1912, outside of New York City, less than $10,000 was raised and expended in wildlife protection, saved by state and national appropriations. We know that in the year mentioned, New York expended $221,000 in this cause, all from private sources. In a very short time, I shall call for the $100,000 that I now must have as an endowment fund for nationwide work to be placed at 5.5% interest for the $5,500 annual income that it will yield. How much of this will come from outside the state of New York? Some of it, I am sure, will come from Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. But will any of it come from Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco? The duty of the hour. I have now said my say in behalf of wildlife. Surely the path of duty toward the remnant of wildlife is plain enough. Will those who read this book pass along my message that the hour for a revolution has struck? Will the millions of men commanded by general apathy now arouse before it is too late to act? Will the true sportsmen rise up and do their duty bravely and unselfishly? Will the people with wealth to give away to their duty toward wildlife and humanity fairly and generously? Will the zoologists awake, leave their tables in their stone palaces of peace and come out to the firing line? Will the lawmakers heed the handwriting on the wall and make laws that represent the full discharge of their duty toward wildlife and humanity? Will the editors beat the alarm gong early and late in season and out of season until the people awake? On the answer to these questions hang the fate of the wild creatures of the world. Their preservation or their extermination.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss a question which says that if alpha and beta are the roots of the quadratic equation x square minus px plus q is equal to 0 for the equation whose roots are alpha beta plus alpha plus beta and alpha beta minus alpha minus beta. Now before starting the solution of this question we should know some results. Now the standard form of quadratic equation is ax square plus bx plus c is equal to 0 where a is not equal to 0 and abc are the constants. Now here we take the roots of the equations as p and q then sum of the roots that is p plus q is equal to minus b over a. That is sum of the roots is equal to minus the coefficient of x over coefficient of x square and the product of the roots that is p into q or pq is equal to c over a which means pq is equal to absolute term over the coefficient of x square in the given equation. And if we have to form a quadratic equation whose roots are p and q then that equation can be formed by using the formula x square minus sum of the roots into x plus product of the roots is equal to 0 where sum of the roots is equal to p plus q and product of the roots is equal to pq. Now these results will work out as a key idea for solving out this question. Now we will start with the solution. Here it is given alpha and beta are the roots of the quadratic equation x square minus px plus q is equal to 0. So given alpha and beta are the roots of x square minus px plus q is equal to 0. Now comparing this equation with the standard form of quadratic equation here a is equal to 1, b is equal to minus p and c is equal to q. Now we know that the sum of the roots is equal to minus b over a. Therefore sum of the roots that is alpha plus beta is equal to minus b over a. Putting the values of b and a here it will be minus of minus p over 1 which is equal to p over 1 which is further equal to p. Also product of the roots is equal to c over a. Therefore product of the roots that is alpha beta is equal to c over a. Putting the values of c and a here it will be q over 1 which is equal to q. Now we have to form an equation whose roots are alpha beta plus alpha plus beta and alpha beta minus alpha minus beta. Therefore for the roots which are alpha beta plus alpha plus beta and alpha beta minus alpha minus beta the sum of the roots will be equal to alpha beta plus alpha plus beta plus alpha beta minus alpha minus beta. On solving here alpha will be cancelled with alpha, beta will be cancelled with beta so it will be 2 alpha beta. Putting the value of alpha beta here it will be equal to 2q. Now the product of the roots is equal to alpha beta plus alpha plus beta into alpha beta minus alpha minus beta. Now this can also be written as alpha beta plus alpha plus beta the whole into alpha beta combining these two terms and taking minus common it will be alpha plus beta the whole. Now here applying the formula of a plus b into a minus b which is equal to a square minus b square as you can see here a square minus b square is a plus b into a minus b. So this will be equal to here a is alpha beta and b is alpha plus beta so it will be alpha beta whole square minus alpha plus beta whole square. Now putting the value of alpha beta and alpha plus beta here this will be equal to q square minus b square. Now we know that if the roots of the equation are given then that equation can be formed by using this formula. Therefore the required equation is x square minus sum of the roots into x plus product of the roots is equal to 0. Now here sum of the roots is 2q and product of the roots is q square minus b square. So putting these values here the equation will be x square minus 2qx plus q square minus b square is equal to 0. So this is the solution of the given question and that's all for the session hope you all have enjoyed the session.


Following the series of ultimatums issued by the NUR, ASU and Nupeng to the government threatening nationwide strike by the unions, if some legitimate welfare and membership-related issues are not conclusively addressed, an economist has warned the government not to allow the strikes to commence as it will cripple the economy, Jacinta Obuco has more. It was first the Nigerian Union of Railway Workers, an affiliate of the Nigeria Labor Congress. The president of the union, InnoCenter GG, while on a breakfast show lamented that the take-home salary of the railway workers on level 46 is 26,000 Naira. He said they have been surviving on the general minimum wage of 30,000 Naira as the last time there was a salary review for the union was in 1983. We have the workers there and we are willing to do the work, but when you don't provide the materials for us to do the work, what magic do we perform? So in fairness to the administration of President Mohammedu Buhari, we are very satisfied with the infrastructural development that is going on in our cooperation right now. And that makes every Nigerian to believe that since railway is passing through a turnaround like this, in fact, the life of the workers is even better. So but the case is not like that. Also the academic-style union of universities as so has given the federal and the state governments a three-week automaton and then the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers, Nupeng, a two-week automaton. All are pressing the government over the non-implementation of agreements entered with the unions. This got an economist, Gospu Obele, calling on the government to do the needful to avoid the strike. It's quite specific that the strike conversation ends on key areas of the sector of the Nigerian economy, speaking to education, infrastructure and oil and gas that is where it's at. So it will affect the economy, business activities will slow down. In some cases, even in front of some form of artificial scarcity, avoiding the strike action will be the best bet. His stress that the reason for the continuous strike is because the government does not take the welfare of workers seriously. What is expected to a larger extent is for government to be more proactive in its political way, first of all, and political commitment is high time for the government to sit up on honoring social contracts, which ends on the welfare and functioning of the people in the society. Until that is done, we will keep going to the cycle of strike actions and strikes to go on strike. The thrust here is that the strikes can be avoided if the government commits to their part of the agreement reached. Jacinta Ubuku, for PLOS TV Africa.