Item number SCP-1434 Object Class, Euclid Special Containment Procedures SCP-1434 is held in a standard containment cell, empty safe for a blank book labeled Charter for Aetna, and a copy of the Federal Criminal Code and Rules. Records of the state of Nevada have been altered to register the 25 square meters of the cell as the unincorporated township of Aetna, now abandoned. Second containment procedures were devised to forestall the transfer of SCP-1434's effect to larger cities or counties. A fresh copy of the FCC and R should be placed next to the SCP monthly, while the previous month's copy should be incinerated unread. All security personnel assigned to Site-47 are subject to annual participation in Foundation Standard Seminar, the application of force and arrest in you. This is in addition to all other regulation orientation and training sessions. Description SCP-1434 is a large fragment of extruded clay brick, dull red in color, which while totally inert somehow affects the insertion of increasingly bizarre and impractical laws into the legal code of the nearest sufficiently small municipality. Where borders overlap, SCP-1434 has always shown preference for the smaller body. Other legislators show no memory of instituting any such laws, but will enforce them without protest. During the early phase of the brick's influence, governments have been observed to pass laws of extremely limited applicability, such as a ban on smoking on Tuesdays. However, as the infection progresses, the activities prescribed in this manner become increasingly inoculus, while the penalties grow increasingly severe to the point of life-threatening. SCP-1434 further affects local law enforcement who develop progressively violent mentalities over time. These mental alterations do not linger after SCP-1434's relocation. Officers with more than six months of exposure compulsively apply excessive, often lethal force to any and all they suspect of transgressions. Incident Log Since recovery, investigations of several public disturbances have recovered other SCP-1434 fragments of varying size. Unrest is believed to have been subsided when a party or party's unknown removed the object from the municipality. The object's whereabouts between incidents is as yet unknown, though research is continuing. Any outbreaks of police violence linked to recently introduced legislation should be studied for signs of object influence by the appropriate mobile task force. Case 001, December 18, 1987 Montgomery County and Maryland outlaws the use of shrimp and clearing snow from highways. Six injured and collision with state-operated snowplows. Case 004, January 24, 1992 City of ██████████ makes the wearing a contact lenses compulsory for all residents who died between 1947 and 1962. City police officers conduct spontaneous mass disinterment which results in the exhumation of over 3,000 sets of human remains. Case 021, August 2, 2007 A small town in France limits consumption of all beverages containing less than 3% gasoline by volume, 62 killed by ingestion of toxic substances or in beverage-compliant raids.


Good morning My name is Vernon Smith, and I'm research services workplace culture and training manager You just heard from archivist of the United States David Ferriero. I Also welcome you to the 2019 virtual genealogy fair Before we begin our six sessions I have three helpful tips on how to participate with chat and access the captioning in the handouts First because we are broadcasting live You can chat with the other family historians and ask presenters questions First log into YouTube and then type your comments and questions there Speakers will answer chat questions at the end of their talks during the question and answer time Secondly for live captioning find the provided link on this page below the video screen Open the link in a separate browser window, and if you don't currently see the link simply click where it says show more Thirdly for handouts Look for the links provided on this page After the event the video presentations and handouts will remain available And I am now turning over the lectern to Andrea Matney the coordinator of the virtual genealogy fair Andrea Thank you Vernon Welcome, and hello. My name is Andrea Matney Please know that Vernon Smith my and my co-worker Amber Forrester and I are Responding to the YouTube chat and will be the voices of your questions at the end of each session So welcome to session of first session of the 2019 virtual genealogy fair exploring history hub for genealogists and researchers by presenters Rebecca Collier Darin Cole and Kelly Osborne They'll be introducing history hub the National Archives crowd source platform for history and genealogy Research including some background guidance for getting started and how to join the community Miss Collier is the research services history hub coordinator at the National Archives in College Park, Maryland Mr. Cole is a digital engagement specialist at the National Archives in Washington, DC Miss Osborne is a community manager and web developer at the National Archives in College Park, Maryland I am now turning the broadcast over to Kelly Osborne Thanks, Andrea. So History hub is our crowdsourcing platform for researchers here's kind of what the the What it looks like it's Not just for genealogists. It's for people who are also researching any kind of historical like documents or if they have questions about about military records Here's what it looks like when you go to history.gov It's very simple and Darren's going to show you later like kind of how it works on the homepage you can see a list of blog posts that are really helpful They're kind of our first stop for answering questions Some a lot of people are interested in finding out about it a Native American ancestor It's very complicated. So we have a blog post that kind of outlines first steps And you can see a list of recent questions and then you can see a list of communities that we have For example, we have our researchers help. It's kind of our catch-all for like if you don't know what you're Who can best answer your question just throw it in their researchers help and we'll redirect it So history hub is a platform where people can get answers from multiple sources You can ask a question and we've got people on the on the site who are like professors of history Amateur genealogists like a whole community of citizen experts people who are writing books people who are professional researchers It's also a knowledge base that scales and improves with time So you can ask a question and then see how other people answered it People can come back months later or even years later and add additional information It's also the result of ongoing research that we did into how organizations communicate with and serve their audiences We looked at a lot of federal agencies and also Outside the federal sphere So history hub the idea of it is based on trends and consumer research And it's powered by the same platform as the Apple support community So like if you have a question and you're not sure who has the answer most likely you will Google it and If it's you know if it's about a technology Problem it will take you to a community very similar to history hub So to kind of give you an example that is a relatable real-world example. That's outside of outside of history hub and I had a laptop that started making a disturbing noise. It's a very old MacBook. I love it It's a workhorse, but it's very old So started making this hideous beeping noise right before I had a big presentation where I had to like take it off So I googled why is my laptop making this weird beeping noise This is comparable to the research question that we would get in history hub Like how do I find whatever? So I Google it and I find this is a common problem My MacBook Pro is making a beeping noise. It was just like that. So I click the link This is kind of comparable to the Lucky Tracen is comparable to the researcher on history hub and you can see that this is a common problem So the person asked the question Why is it doing this? Within minutes they got a response from a citizen expert This was exactly the answer to my problem and then someone provided additional information that was helpful But it didn't show up in my original search So this was hugely successful for me. I asked a specific research question. I got an answer within minutes seconds really and the people who Who helped me were not the not Apple staff Which is important for the National Archives because if you are if you ask a question of the archives and you have You it's going to take a while for an archivist to be assigned to it and work through their Work through their workload to to respond So additionally the answer is available to anyone who googles a similar research question Which so this kind of paradigm has set user expectations not just for for tech problems, but for like knowledge in general for For problems in general people want to be able to ask a specific question instead of like reading you can I could read the Mac manual Which I'm never going to do ever. I want to be able to know exactly what the problem is asking a specific question and I want to get help pretty immediately. I don't care who the answer comes from and I want to be able to ask follow-up questions and have follow-up information Appended easily and I want to be able to search and find the answer easily because I'm not going to Like I don't want to have to search for it. I kind of I want to I don't want to have to spend a whole lot of time finding my answer So I'm going to turn it over to Rebecca Collier who's going to kind of talk about the problems that history hub can solve for for genealogists Thank You Kelly So what problems can history hub solve? At the National Archives we respond to over 25,000 25,000 non-personnel related questions a year on a one-to-one basis either by email Snail mail or telephone plus in-person consultations to one of our research rooms Many of the questions are similar and our responses for the record same records over and over again They may seem different to you, but they are the same for us Here's an example on history hub of a request that was made about a NATO operation and Since the US Navy was involved we offered Declogs for part of the information. Declogs are one of our very popular records But they don't contain all the information oops Sorry So much for me doing this right They'd always provide a complete answer to questions because the answers may be somewhere else As you can see we've referred the researcher to me to the Navy historical command the NATO archives for records in their custody that may Contain the rest of the information that they need to complete their research Here's another example of a request that probably won't be in the custody of NARA But we let the researcher know that there's various universities and the university and the Library of Congress Has information on their topic. So we don't leave you on limbo Here's an example of the Library of Congress Manuscript division responding to a request and Here's an example of a researcher sharing what they know with another researcher and The researcher who got the information was very appreciative So what are our goals with history hub? It's an additional tool that we can use to assist researchers and genealogists in a different way for them to connect with us Responses to request are not limited just in our staff But also the general public who have conducted Research can also answer To things that they've already looked at and are willing to share what they know Over time a knowledge base will be compiled and not only will this help with customer service But also meet the needs of knowing an answer in less time than they're currently receiving and we hope Eventually this will help decrease our reference load and what are the most popular communities? the military records is by far the most popular and it has everything from the Revolutionary War to the present genealogy Which covers everything from immigration naturalization census are and other records that are at the National Archives plus birth death and marriage records that are not researcher help which is Basically a catch-all as Kelly mentioned, but it's geared to our civilian agencies such as State Department FBI justice except and for those Concerning Native Americans or African Americans We have special communities set up for those questions and those topics because they have a unique Community that is interested in them and the Library of Congress has a community called crowd on our site And they have this for their transcription project NARA also has a transcription project under the community called citizen archivist and Darren will tell you how to use history hub Thanks, bucky. I'm going to give you a quick introduction. It's a sort of how to search and navigate around history hub As Kelly showed us earlier, this is what the homepage looks like and really the main feature of the homepage is that search bar right there That's where you can go ahead and type in your question when you first come to the site and as this demonstrates you just start typing in your question into the search bar and Then the system will automatically start suggesting potential questions and answers that may be related to your question So hopefully one of those suggested questions there that pop up will actually help answer your question right away So you won't have to search any further So if you click one of those links on one of those suggested questions, I'll wait for it to pop up here It takes you down to the question page and the first thing it asks you is does this help to answer your question? Yes or no and take me back Or you can search the entire community in more depth So let's say maybe you're not happy with that search result you can actually use the main search Button in the top right hand corner of the page And that will help search the entire site. So not just questions, but also blog posts and other content on the site and Then that will take you to the main search results page And that will give you options to filter your search results. You can filter it by The date how recent it is how relevant you can restrict results by author or by community and help to filter your results that way Now let's suppose that question was not Was not answered by some of those suggested options So then you go ahead and type your question you say my question does not have an answer yet in this instance And then you just click the ask button Now we're going to assume that you're probably not logged in and in order to post a question or post any content on history Hub everyone needs to have an account That kind of helps cut down on spam and anonymous posts and issues like that So you'll see this prompt to either log in or create an account And so now we'll cover our really briefly how to create an account on history hub So you see this page where you can either log in or if you don't have an account We'll assume that's the that's the case here You just go ahead and enter your email address and what will happen is the system will then send you a confirmation Registration link to your email So all do you want to do is open your email and click that confirmation link and that will take you back to the site and It will provide you with the create your account page And it has some basic fields there that you're probably familiar with first name last name username email and you also have to create a password and One of the issues users sometimes have is creating a password that meets our requirements and because we're a federal site We have heightened security requirements and users do sometimes have an issue with that So there are some basic minimum Requirements you need to meet you have to have a lower case letter uppercase letter number special character a minimum of 12 characters And then you have to enter the CAPTCHA code down there and again that prevents bots and other automatic registrations from spam bots and things like that, but it's a fairly simple process and Now that you're logged in you'll see the home page again, and you'll see some custom user links in the upper right hand corner You'll see a link that will take you to your notifications in inbox And you'll see a link that will take you to your profile and preferences page And if you click the notifications link, this is sort of what your inbox will look like You'll see if you're following various discussions. You'll see announcements about those And you also get various prompts from the system such as how to update your profile and user avatar and other options like that and if you click the the profile link you'll get options such as how to adjust your user preferences and other options Now let's say you follow the link to customize your user profile. You have the option to upload a Profile photo and that's entirely optional. You also have the option to choose a user avatar that helps sort of customize your content and again, that's also entirely optional you have the option of selecting from one of these sort of pre-chosen Images from NARA records or you can upload your own and again one caveat is that all user content Whether it's a post or a photo or user avatar all of that is all Moderated for appropriateness to meet our user standards Here's how you set your user preferences For example, the system will email you with various notifications and you can set how often or if you get emailed at all by the system For various updates such as if your question gets answered or if there's activity on another question that you've been following Now I want to get to the crux of the issue which is asking that question that you had originally So we're back on the home page. We start typing in our question into the search box And again presuming there's not another question that already answers it We'll go ahead and click that ask button And then that will take us to the question page And this is how you write a a good question post There are some kind of tips and guidelines that we offer to help people write an accurate question that helps you get a more Expedient and more accurate response Number one you want to use is succinct and descriptive title. Don't type your entire question into the title box Try to summarize it as best you can Here are some key details you want to include and these really help us to narrow down the type of records. We're looking at Number one. Who are you researching? What do you already know about them? These are really important details to share Where did they live? When do you think they lived who might have been their relations and ancestors and also super important Is where have you already searched what other archives and libraries and sources? Have you already checked so that we don't repeat that and make you you know backtrack down an avenue? You've already pursued Do you have any helpful images? Maybe you're trying to decode a census page and you can't decrypt some of the text Maybe you want to upload that and get some help from the community trying to figure out what that text actually says You can go ahead and upload a photo of that or add a link to where you found other information already and one important Aspect to note is please do not include what we call PII and that stands for personally identifiable information in the government And that really that means like social security numbers and other direct personal information such as that That would be stripped out, but it's just easier not to include it to begin with Again add any helpful images you might have and Then there's a you can see the small photo button and that's how you would go about adding an image to your post and If you scroll down you can choose the community or place where you want to post your question The system will default to researchers help but for the cases of this audience I assume you'd probably want to post it in the genealogy community But again our moderators will usually help to sort and organize those questions When they come in and redirect them if necessary and again as I mentioned all content is moderated according to our community guidelines Questions are moderated in the order they come in depending on our workload and the Volume of questions we're receiving moderation can take a couple days There is no moderation over our weekends or federal holidays days like that Questions may be edited for clarity or again to remove content such as PII Now getting response now. Hopefully you've asked your question and someone might have a response for you right away So here's an example. We have a researcher question asking about naturalization records And here you can see a response below that and that comes in from a national archives expert staff member and all National archives responses are indicated by that small little blue icon that sort of shows the columns of the main archives building So that way you kind of know that you're getting an answer from an expert The average response time from an our expert can take a few days often three to four working days Now responses from other community members may come in more more quickly again They don't have the same workload and hopefully they might have a Direct answer for you fairly soon And once you get your answer you can go ahead and click was this helpful or not And that sort of helps us to gauge the quality of our answers. You can click the helpful yes button And maybe you have some additional information you need to include So for example, you've asked a question and our expert has responded and they need more information to sort of pursue your Question, so you just click that reply button and post a follow-up response below that one important Issue to point out is that when you get a reply to your question, you will probably get an email Depending on your notification preferences an issue users often have as they will reply directly to that email Please don't do that that will go into a dead-end mailbox What you need to do is come back to history hub and post your reply on the site Otherwise, we won't receive your response and here you can see the follow-up response from the researcher with their additional information and Then the follow-up to the follow-up from the NARA staff member Now responding to a question now Maybe you're on the community and you see a question where you know You've already been down that road and you can answer and provide some helpful information to the other researcher, which is great We really encourage that We really need your help and you know the more information we can provide from the community the better it makes for a richer More useful site for everybody So you see a question that you think you can help with and you'll see the reply button down in the lower right hand corner of that question So you just go ahead and click that and You'll see the response field and it's it's not unlike the post-a-question field a lot of the same functionality You can embed links you can embed helpful images And anything that you think will help answer the question to the other researcher Now navigating history hub. We've seen a bit of the site already So we'll show you just a few more aspects to kind of help acclimate you Again, this is the home page just below the search bar and you'll see a list of recent blog posts You'll see a list of the most recent questions and on the right hand side You'll see a list of all the various communities Again, which Becky covered such as researchers help and military records and genealogy Which again is probably the community of most interest to this audience Should go ahead and click that and we dive into the genealogy community And this is what that home page looks like you'll see a list again of the most recent questions on the left You'll see a shortcut to the ask a genealogy Question field and then you also see a list of featured content Which is often recent blog posts and we'll put up blog posts to kind of provide More detailed information on certain popular research topics to provide users a little more information So we try to list those in the right hand side there Now maybe you want to filter the content a little more and see what else is going on in the genealogy community You can click the content button and this will show all the content and you can filter that You'll see various filters there. You can also see a list Listing the views and the number of replies that each piece of content has received so you can kind of gauge The popularity see where every really active conversation is happening that you want to help out with Now getting help and technical support Issues do pop up and we're always available to help and we do have a community setup to sort of provide some basic Technical responses and help deal with various issues that you might encounter So if you go to the technical help and support community again, you'll see a list of recent help topics that have popped up you'll see a Question bar and you'll also see a list of featured content and that really covers a lot of the common issues that users might encounter And hopefully that will help answer your your issue right away That's not always the case. So if you need additional help For example, maybe you're unable to create your account So you can't even get to the point where you can post a question You have an account and you're having trouble logging in You're having difficulty creating a post Or also, um, maybe you represent an organization And uh, you're interested in sort of partnering with history hub Maybe getting your your organization engaged in our community on um on history hub and we'd love to hear about that Please contact us But if you have any of those issues, uh, please go ahead and email us at history hub at nara.gov And that's purely just for these types of questions. Please do not email us research questions. We won't be able to respond So please join us participation is open to anyone Please sign up for an account ask your question Please help us to answer someone else's question. We would love to have your help. We would really encourage that So please go ahead and join us so you can visit us at history.gov And I'd like to see if there's any questions Wonderful. Thank you so much to all three of you. Thank you very much for your presentation We do have some questions that have come in from our online audience Starting at the very beginning as soon as you started talking So we have a question one. What platform is used by hub librarians in data collection? example Excel or specialized software So is there a particular platform that you're using for data collection? Um, I'm not sure I understand the question. So if the person wants to um, clarify, um, the There's not data collection, but the underlying software Is jive. It's the same, um, or or they were bought recently and it's the same software that's used by Apple support community and I think a couple of the other bigger tech companies So all of the data resides on history hub That's that's helpful. Thank you. We do have another question that's related It says can a history hub widget be integrated Into a website or app? Oh, that's a cool question. Um, you it does Generate rss feeds. So if you're able to embed From an rss feed It doesn't have a native app Do you want to add anything to that? No, I mean if you if you browns archives.gov, you'll see a few instances of the rss widget where we've got embedded Questions relevant to those certain pages. So on the genealogy page, you'll see a list of of current history hub genealogy questions And that's really just coming from an rss feed. So that's able to be embedded Um, almost anywhere. Uh, there's not sort of a more Dynamic widget which allows you to ask questions from a separate site Okay, thank you Because all three of you are out there our audience is asking you to speak a little bit louder. I'm sorry. So Go on to the next question. Um This is generally, you know, there's all kinds of questions that you get and this person asks Are there old maps quote unquote old maps available for states like new mexico that show the boundary changes For that state. So is that the type of question that you can have answered on history hub? Uh, we can actually yes and no will guide you to cartographic The cartographic branch that's out of the national archives if the record was of the change of Boundary or whatever was done through federal records, then they should have the map But other than that we might look on google and see if there there is a map available there And give you a choice of how to how to find it. So that's an example of a Research question that you might ask and that's an example example of a research question You might received we don't have the data on history hub We are answering questions about the national archives records and holdings and where Where you might find your information? Unless it's already scanned and put on a catalog and we'll look for there too And if we find a map or or whatever that we'll answer your question We'll put the url into the response so that you can find it Thank you for that thorough answer. I'd also like to put in a plug at this time for our session Number six, it's at 3 p.m. Eastern as part of the genealogy fair We're going to have james moon speaking About land records in particular about homestead act But if you're still with us at that time you might want to Check in with us again and ask that same question Going back to the questions specific for the history hub We have a question here how a question about questions How many questions have been asked are public reports available on history hub metrics? Do we have those available publicly? I'm not sure if we have them available publicly. Um, and how many questions? Whoops, we'll just start tipping that forward. Um, we've had uh, let's see how many so far Yeah Yeah, a couple thousand questions so far Um, actually over the pat we started this in january of of 2016 And during our first year we got roughly 200 questions On the following year we got about 400 questions and in 2018 we got about 800 questions this past year We up to this point we have gotten 1600 so it seems to be doubling And so we're very happy at that and those answers and and the questions are still in history hubs So if you ask the question even if it was ants, you know answered two or three years ago It will come up and you can see the response Okay, so a couple thousand a couple of thousand a handful of thousands It sounds like it's growing exponentially Yeah, it's over 2000 Okay, thank you Uh, going on to the next question that we have from our online audience They say i'm seeing a in the genealogy overview And then quotes seeking records on Name are those names compiled into a list? So again in the genealogy overview are those names compiled into a list? They're not compiled into a list, but they are indexed by um by the search and by google So if you're thinking that there's a list of here's a number of people who have been searched. Um, that doesn't exist now Okay, i'm going to give our online audience a moment to see if any more questions come up Oh, here we go. We have something uh, I get frequent questions from second or third generation farm workers Whose relatives came into the us under the radar during world war one and two Can you suggest resources? So again resources for second and third generation farm workers whose relatives came into the us under the radar during world war one and world war two Hmm, that's an interesting question and usually the person that I will send that question to to get her ideas Are lisbeth birds and she has a session later on today and uh, so if if you'd like to Re saying that question to elizabeth she'll be able to give you some better ideas than I can off the cuff But that's also a good example of a question to ask on history hub where it can be routed to a an archivist who can help Okay, uh, one of the first questions you got, uh, and I think it's worth reiterating They asked is the history hub curated content or is it more like wiki where any participant can update the content? It's not like wiki. It doesn't operate like um, you wouldn't be able to go back and edit someone else's response It's more like um, like a support community So not a wiki, but a support community where you would have someone ask a question And then their question exists as a discreet kind of thing and then You can have answers from from nara staff or from the public or from citizen experts so the um, the information that is is kind of grown from the question not as a discreet article Okay, and you can go back and and edit your own request And you can also edit your own reply, but only the writer can do that. Okay Oh, that's helpful to know and then Responding to another question. Someone was asking about finding family in civil war again. I would say, you know That's a good kind of if you can make a specific question for the online audience there then Um, ask your question on history hub So going back to the actual questions here, um Are the questions in history hub organized by national archives locations and documents held by the locations or by research topics Currently it's arranged by topic And so we pick broad topics that people can do rather than worrying about what the archive structure is Yeah, the archive structure is meaningless to most of the general public We probably care, but like we at the national archives care more than the public So if you ask a military question, you won't know what part of nara it comes from until the response is done And we'll say you need to go to these records or to these records and this unit has them That is helpful because if you're not with the national archives, you'll hear us referring to record groups And so that can be confusing. So it is helpful to have it under topics So going back to our questions, um The question is what is the library of congress crowd community on history hub? It is so cool. If you get a chance to check it out, please do. Um, they have this transcription tool that is for transcribing their records and Basically, it's a community of library of congress transcribers who they're just you can Sign up for an account on the library of congresses site yourself and Transcribe their documents and it's great because and and also for please do for the national archives as well but It helps because a lot of these when you digitize records Transcription is not always part of that. It usually isn't part of that. So We rely on people to kind of The the benefit of transcribing is that it becomes something that's searchable. It's um more portable information Yeah, so the library of congress, they have a really great community of people who are actively engaged in Transcribing and then talking to each other about the problems that they're having or if they have questions It's a pretty cool community And if you look at 18 and 19th century records, the handwriting can be unusual And and the spelling can be unusual Especially prior to 1850s. So the transcriptions help people understand the contents of the records a lot better Okay, so I want you to listen closely to this Next question that I have because it's about paper and record keeping How can we research black americans suffering from paper genocide? Records not in the on paper Who cannot trace their past from the early 1800s That is a great question to ask on history hub as well because that um That's the kind of question that is um so interesting and kind of broad and it's not really um You really want to be able to uh devote some time to it, but And also um on nara's website itself. We have a black history Uh section of our website if you kind of click down and and and go To where it says african americans And it is a wonderful source that archivists from the national archives have put together and really You know, they have explained, you know, how you can find things, you know, uh Especially, you know about slavery and about your family if you're trying to to figure it out And also there have been places that have done oral histories and and all sorts of rich material That is available that may not just be in the written form Okay, that's terrific. I'm glad that we had that question come in Um, I think you'll love this next question for the history hub. Is there a need for transcribers? Why yes, there is not um not on history hub, but there's always a need for transcribers The national archives and the library of congress both have Communities set up around um people who are interested in transcribing Um go to citizen archivist and you can find links there that would be amazing And you can go through the history hub community to get there Okay, thank you so much We love transcribers. Um, so very specific question Uh, I think you'll again refer people to go to the history hub community. They ask on census from 1840s How can you tell if the information is correct or not? Oh well You have to remember the people who wrote this or taking down Um information that has been given to them orally Uh, they've went to different census, you know House to house and the census taker actually wrote things down Now they were supposed to transcribe and use the same kind of handwriting They had to take classes to to to do that so that it all looks the same But they wrote down what people said so if someone called Their their parent Peggy instead of Margaret It may show up as Peggy in the 1918 40 census and in the 1850 census it might be Margaret So there are Some adaptations that you have to make sometimes people didn't ask How to spell a name or if they did they didn't understand the spelling and so they kind of can get creative But you know that that is the fun of working in the census records So following up on that Um We get this kind of question all the time about the census So the question is we know a spelling error has been made on the census How can we notify national archives to make the correction? Or is the misspelling just part of the legal record? It's part of the legal record, but you know, they are transcribing the census And so if you notice in the transcription of the census that something is spelled wrong that can be changed That's a great answer. Yes, you can always put that in the transcription So our next question is very specific They asked I know most world war one records were lost But where can world war one military information be found? And it continues So world war one military information specifically is their information on camp Jackson, south carolina And soldiers who had the spanish flu in 1918 That's a good question and yes, there are records about the spanish flu And and specifically in that area If they're talking about soldiers, they're talking about the army and yes, the army records Were burned, but the marine corps and the navy were not touched They out in st. Louis. They have gathered records immediately from The military and records that were normally not considered permanent were saved So just payroll records and what have you and so they can find As much as they can about an individual So yes, that is a perfect question to answer on history hub And we'll be glad to tell you, you know, where where you might be able to find some resources Okay You are such a generalist miss becky collier. Thank you We're so lucky from working on history hub for four years Yeah, we're lucky to have you there to answer so many different questions that are not actually specific about the history hub So thank you This is a researcher question about coming in person If I come to the national archives in washington dc Will I be able to obtain records at any time or do I have to make an appointment? And if able to acquire records, what form of payment do I need for any records? Oh So an appointment and is there a cost? It's always best to contact Of the unit that you're going to visit prior to coming Don't come cold Ask your question make sure that they have the records here on site if you're going to come and you want to look at the actual records There's also depends on whether records have been microfilmed and what have you you may not be able to touch the actual records So please contact the unit first and they will tell you how you know To come and what times records can be pulled Right now. I believe we're on a one pull it and It is not on a schedule. So it's best to talk to The archives and one staff First before you come but you should do that to no matter what part of the national archives you go to Please contact them first. Whether you do it through inquire Whether you do it through history hub or whether you write them a letter or call It's very important to do that. So you're not wasting your time when you come to visit us We know how important it is and we know that it can be expensive to come to the various sites So, you know, that's why we ask you to contact us first And we do have a number of blog posts on history hub about how to prepare for your in-person visit And also my co-worker amber just posted in the chat A website that has all of our location information. So, you know, uh, where to get that information on Who to contact Let's see if I think one more question came in I'm Okay, I'm just going to go ahead and read it. Uh on land owned How do you go about How far back it was owned by the family But if the family is related I'm not quite, I'm sorry. I'm not quite sure I understand. We have a whole land records group on History hubs that you could post your question there. Okay, but if it's land For instance, if the place where you live right now Your county will have documentation about The deed for that that land and then you can go backwards Beginning at the county records and then if that original person had gotten it from like a Federal bounty land grant or what have you then It will take you there. So there's a way to do it, but it's not necessarily at the national archives Okay, thank you so much Another question has come in about uh original documents being sent in for the census specifically Yakima Valley libraries archives has original documents of the census taker for the yakima reservation from the early 1900s I've never found these online. Should these be sent to the national archives? That's a great great question sign up for an account on history hub and ask it and we'll route it to the We'll we'll find an answer Okay At this point, I don't have any more questions But if you think of something later, uh, we or we just didn't get to your question because they were coming fast and furious Please submit it to our email account history hub at narra.gov And for that, thank you if our presenters, uh, like I just said if we didn't get to your question sent to history hub at narra.gov Videos and handouts will remain available after the event from this youtube page and from the fairs web page


And how are you doing? It's Gordon all the techs are here with my good old buddy and to the security guy. How's everybody doing? Dave Stephens in the house. Yeah Dave is joining us. We're talking cyber today. We're talking cyber today. We're not gonna talk election too much. I hope we keep. No let's go ahead. Give it one minute. There's only a 30-minute show now so we gotta behave myself. Gotta be quick. So please grab yourself a chair and a live ation come and join us and for the next 30 minutes. We're gonna talk about a really really cool project at the University of White Community Colleges regarding Black Box Mock Spear Fishing. Say that five times. Fantastic. It's really cool. So Dave just tell us a little bit about yourself. Who you are. You've been on the show. That's awesome. One of our favorite. He should be a monthly. So tell us a little bit about yourself and then we'll get into what we're gonna talk about on this Black Box Spear Fishing campaign. Okay I am a full-time IT instructor at Kepiolani Community College for the University of Hawaii but I'm also the University of Hawaii Cyber Security Coordinator for the TACT grant. So the TACT grant is a grant that has been going on for several years signed by President Obama and Joe Biden. Speaking of which. So that rolls right into that. Well this year we got about ten million dollars to split between healthcare and the cyber security. So cyber security we developed some curriculum some cyber security certificates at the community colleges all of them. And we just got that rolling. So by coincidence at KCC we developed an ICT club who came up with this idea of doing some Mock Black Box Spear Fishing campaigns some pen testings for companies for charity to get us to this conference. Black Hat Okay to get you that because you're not we're gonna talk about how we can get you there. Right. Right. And we're gonna talk about what you're gonna do or enable companies to take advantage of. Right. So that they get they win the companies win. Right. And at the same time you win and get to go to students win. The students win. Right. And it's a win-win for the campus but then I talked to my students who also agreed that we should take the system wide. We do the first couple of customers and then as more customers come in we make an actual non-profit organization that is system-wide. Right. And in all the community college systems and maybe even the UH main campuses can participate with their cyber security students. Yeah. And do these tests. It gets them two things. It gets them an internship opportunity. Right. An actual organization doing pen testing for cyber security. Pen testing because penetration. Not many. Penetration testing. So that's a penetration. There's several types of penetration. Right. So several types. But the most common as you guys know is social. Yeah. The biggest hole is social engineering. Right. That human loss is the biggest problem. So we're gonna do spearfishing which is identifying particular people and sending them personalized emails with links to click on or instructions so we can gather some personal information from the username, password, emails and then we tell the companies hey this person gave up some of their personal information. PII.  Okay. So okay. So you're getting a little bit ahead of me but it's a good but it's good though because we're setting the tone for what this is all about. Right. Because it is complex and it's it's the fact is you know there's an ability here that you're gonna create for students to be educated in a field that is growing like no one else. Exponentially. Yeah. And then we're gonna have an opportunity for businesses here to take advantage of it if they'd only open their eyes and I won't go down that path because I'm dealing with it all day long. Open up their eyes and see what's happening and be able to get on on top of that. So with that night we have we have this segment that we do called you know got one tech job and so you know yeah so the election election just happened as we all know and really and I must have missed that. Yeah. Where was I? Packing it. And Mr. Green. So and they passed a lot of marijuana laws in a bunch of states. Nevada. What is that? Vegas is a whole new place. You've got one tech job. Look at this guy. Zigzag. This guy. I saw this guy on the big island when I was on Halloween and he this was his costume. He's a pack of zigzags. He's a zigzag rolling paper. Oh that was at his rolling paper. Okay. Wow. Wait come on. You're gonna tell us you didn't know. I didn't know what that was. Oh really. Okay. I believe him. What do you think? Do you believe him? No. No. Okay. Gee. I believe you. I'm with you. I actually do believe him. He was my naive, howly boy. Oh. Let me get that out for you. They didn't have that where I was. It's gonna cause a scar in Kentucky. Okay. We're getting off topic. Here we go again. So anyway so so we're talking about the fact that you're putting this program together. I'll call it a program where students will get educated in this whole realm of cybersecurity and then you're going to be able to then do these spearfishing attacks. Right. And so tell me what's a spearfishing attack? I mean not a lot of people know what a spearfishing attack is except if you go like watch the fishing channel. Right. Right. Right. Different than shooting a spear. So fishing spelled pH 9F is usually a cybersecurity attack that's social and it's a targeted at a company or an organization that you want to enter through covert means. So you send emails to people with links or updated flash links or something like updated keys for the browser and people click on these links and actually enter information. So the most common one you've seen these they come in Bank of America needs your new account information or there's been a problem with your Wells Fargo account please update your account. So you enter your username and password but they've hijacked that account. Right. So you're actually entering that account information and giving it to somebody else a hacker who now can get to your bank account. And go to your bank account and log in very quickly. Yeah and drain your drive. So this is being used also to put worms and Trojans and backdoors in companies.  Inside your network and inside. You can be on the PC version.  But I have all these different firewalls on my computer. I have all these different I pay Mac a fee and everybody else for all this protection stuff. So why do I need this. I mean I got all this stuff on my my machine. Perfect answer is it bypasses everything. So the humans can let anything in the door they want. So you can have the best lock on the door on your front door that you have.  You've let them in. That's right. So it doesn't matter how good the lock is or how good your firewall is. The human factor is always the biggest factor is all the biggest fact. Right. And there's some there are some tools that are better than others. The Z like silence you know stuff that's looking for zero day at the malware you're talking about. Right. Another product. Well this is because first it's all that's all signature based on that. So that's different. Right. That has to be known. But again John John Q public you know most of the people are not in this business. Oh and they wouldn't know the difference between silence and macphie. I had a staffer. That's a price. Click a malicious link seven times. I don't know why. It came from a manufacturer who had something hijacked obviously. And I can see in the log. Semantic caught it. I can see in the log seven times. I said why did you keep clicking that. So I mean where we educate. Social. It's social. It's totally social and it's trust based. So no matter how well trained your people are somebody's always going to let this through. So you really need to do this test about. Quarterly. Oh. Because it comes in your company all the time. Right. I always got new staff. People are leaving. Oh. So you got to keep retraining. Keep retraining. No matter how many times you tell them don't click on a suspicious link. They're going to click on a suspicious link. And so training training training. And I team managers and tell them to just wake up and let us be more proactive than reactive. That's right. If you're reactive. You're done. Done. So now just. You're like the pioneer of all of this. I'm assuming at. You a. You've got a program at KCC now.  I have been pushing this. But there's been a Honolulu Community College has been leading the way. That's right. We have Mike. Yeah. Mike. So Honolulu has actually had the best program so far. KCC is tailing after that. Okay. And then West. Of course. Yeah. And then West Oahu has got a fantastic BAS applied science degree. Okay. Coming up. Yeah. But we've been pioneering this one effort to try to actually get people hands on experience. So as you know. Oh yeah. It doesn't matter how much you know. If you don't practice it goes away. Yeah. Right. So we're trying to get the people's hands on it. So when they get into a company to hit the ground running. And that's what employers want. They don't want to do a lot of on the job. No. No. Not at all. I mean you can't learn to drive a car by reading the manual. That's a fact. You can. You won't be good. Guaranteed. You won't be very good. So you you really need to read the manual and then actually execute something. So we put their hands on a wire shark and map and Zen map and burp suite and all the other hacking tools. Aircrack. We have a lot of lab these terms. Well these are all the tools you can get. I'm just saying. So is there a positive. Are you getting a lot of response or a lot of students coming out of high school say we want to get into these programs. As a matter of fact. Yes. Oh that's awesome. Kaimuki High School. I'm actually going to be teaching a basic security suite that will fill a requirement for our cybersecurity certificate. Okay. I'm going to be teaching that in spring. We have 10 students taking cybersecurity fundamentals at Kaimuki High School. That's awesome. Yeah. That's great. We got to come up with the kids. Who are the kids. The group of kids out here that do their their cyber guys. Oh my gosh. Well your gosh is gone. Anyway we'll keep going. But you'll think of it. It'll come. But wouldn't it be cool if Hawaii could become a cyber security melting pot for creating the talent that's needed nationally in this country. Well the NSA's got how many openings now. I know. 60 or 80. They come to us. Here. Not me here. The UHCC system every semester and say that you know you've got 10 months and get into this program now. You're zig-zagged. No. And then you you have 10 months to go through your security clearance and then you can get into an internship for a summer and we have a lot of applicants for that system wise. So NSA's got a lot of openings and there's quite a few kids going into that. But there's there's a lot of opportunities. I mean it reminds me of when I first got into this IT industry. It was like you couldn't find anybody and everybody was you know scrambling to find people that would just go in even without a degree. They would teach you. And now here we are in this whole cyberspace and people are just screaming for help. Screaming for help. Okay we're gonna we're at that moment in time when we have to take a break. You're kidding. That was 15 minutes. That was 15 minutes. Wow. We need to get to talk about the program too. Whoa. We need to talk about the election. Yeah. Okay we got. Will you take us an hour show? Anyway we're gonna take a very very short break. You go get Angus. We'll go get Angus. I'll make sure Angus doesn't talk too much. And we'll have Dave come on and talk more about the program. So we'll be back in about a minute. Thank you for watching Think Tech. I'm Grace Chang the new host for Global Connections. You can find me here live every Thursday at 1 p.m. where we'll be talking to people around the islands or visiting the islands who are connected in various aspects of global affairs. So please tune in and Aloha and thanks for watching. Hi I'm Chris Leitham with Think Tech Hawaii and I'd like to ask you to come watch my show The Economy in You each Wednesday at 3 p.m. Aloha I'm Kirsten Baumgart Turner host of Sustainable Hawaii. We live stream every Tuesday from noon to 12 30. You get a chance to hear what people are doing about sustainability in Hawaii and what the issues are impacting all of us in all the islands. Join us please. Aloha my name is Josh Green I serve as Senator from the Big Island on the Kona side and I'm also an emergency room physician. My program here on Think Tech is called Health Care in Hawaii. I'll have guests that should be interesting to you twice a month. We'll talk about issues that range from mental health care to drug addiction to our health care system and any challenges that we face here in Hawaii. We hope you'll join us. Again thanks for supporting Think Tech. Join us at Think Tech of Hawaii. Our show is Azure in reveal. Our next program is on November 17. This is Johnson Choi your host. Aloha everyone I hope you've been watching Think Tech Hawaii but I'm here to invite you to watch me on Viva Hawaii every Monday at 3 p.m. I'm waiting for you mahalo. Hey everybody welcome back is Drew the security guy. Just got a quick tip for you today. NIST put out a small business information security guy today fundamentals. So for your small business owners this is free you can we might see a I don't see the web link or not but you can go get download this document today it's a quick read maybe 30 pages but it's got some tools in there to help you do risk assessment of your organization. Ways to identify like your asset management and and so just some the things that you need to do to get started in raising the awareness of cybersecurity inside your own organization and it's a it's a great document it's free it's the government you know you basically paid for with your tax dollars so really good stuff uh check it out that's it uh Angus is here obviously as he always with something good what's up Angus. How are you doing there Drew? Hey buddy. It's me you know Angus McTrump. Right on. McTrump again. I saw you last time looking like that. You're not coming president of the United States of America. Right on. Good on you. What do you think there Dave? It's gonna be cold living up there. What do you think? How am I looking? How are my hands?  Don't stroke me with your hands because you might knock me out. That's just how we are. I was going to do a wee bit on the NIST as well you know I think it's a really cool thing. Yeah. So you know they came up with all that document the technology released the draft cybersecurity framework it's all there you know and you know there's a lot of businesses that got it and trying to get the pay attention to it but he has no luck at it but now that I'm the president you know what we're gonna kick some sorry okoli and make sure that right on you know so now I'm going to be politically correct now that I'm the president you know I like it. That's right. Anyway so anyway I mean we'll go after the email scandal a little bit later but anyway so anyway I got that but I got a wee gadget for you too but you know what this is this is the NIST framework you know and Dave you said it's all about the people.  Come on make it yourself this wee chalkboard tablecloth you know when you're bored at the dinner you can just draw on it and make notes. Nice. And it can't be hacked so you can't do a cybersecurity check on it. It's all set there. Anyway that's that's my gadget that's my security and you know you know here we go it's it's just you know change it's the really the inner chance to remember it like I always said but you're getting being free where are you being alone. It's always bringing to something so a chalkboard tablecloth think about that and uh definitely check out there another thing that NIST published was a um uh thing about the jobs like a pathway to jobs that flow into cybersecurity and even the middle manager guys that uh make 107,000 a year so if you could use that uh income check it out. I'd like to make 107,000. Welcome back brother. Welcome back. Let's talk about this program. So let's talk about this program so we're here with Dave Stevens we're talking about Hawaii Community College's opportunity that you're going to enable for the students and for businesses in Hawaii. You know the students for opportunities to grow and their skills in the cybersecurity space and businesses to take advantage of um mock attacks yeah because you would organization so talk about this. You would pay a lot for a pen test you would pay a penetration thousands of penetration tests like this so and you know to have the results and have it analyzed in in business out there I just want to say something expect to fail this you will fail you will fail badly sixty seventy eighty percent of your people will take this bait and they should that's a good thing then train them and go to NIST there's a ton of training that's what that's what I use securing the human right it's a great point you know if you if you provide a little bit of training for people then you perform this penetration test and it's phishing scam and people click on the links then you can provide the results to say this is how effective your training has been so far then you provide some more training and do another pen test and then you compare the results and then keep training and training and training it's an ongoing process that's the problem with folks who understand uh you know if you install antivirus or something like this you know you're done you can not think about this anymore but it's not it's a running game so no matter how fast I run if I stumble the bad guys are going to overtake right there so what's so what's your plan so how's the program going to work how can I as a company take you know um call a body call and enlist in in in this opportunity and how are you going to get it out there I mean we're hoping that we can help you get it bit get the word gosh I hope so yeah so so how what's the plan what's the program so right now we've got a lot of plans however I feel like uh nasa and the team mine is 60 countdown and we've got the the the bird on the pad ready to go and we're still deciding what astronaut to put in the capsule that's the that's the stage we're at right now however what we plan to do is like Andrew suggested provide some training do the testing have a 30 day windows so no one sees it coming and then after that provide the results and then based on results do some more training right and then if they want another pass we'll do another pass yeah and we we get people down to I think you were saying four percent as the biggest organizations I've talked to that started oftentimes 30 40 50 percent acceptance of of of phishing email right um are no one seems to be able to get it down below three or four I think that's terminal velocity right that's critical mass you can't pass and so imagine that you know just if you if you got to accept the fact that one out of 20 of your people are always going to be a vulnerability to your organization yeah I mean it's just now we're talking about ransomware basically it's not just private industry now no it's everybody I mean Hilary Clinton's email was hacked it was probably a social attack I mean they have network firewalls they have all these intrusion prevention intrusion detection systems and all these sophisticated pieces of software but you put a human in the mix you bypassed all of that I mean I have clients and clients that have called me or now my clients because again some secretary or clerk or whatever clicked on an email and now everything on their servers are all locked up yeah and they say okay now you got to get me out and I used to be going to I pay the ransom you do oh you got to pay you got to pay the ransom they don't have a backup well because they don't have a backup that's the other issue as well they didn't do a oh and they brought the backup in well this well they brought the backup on while it was still in the system that's right and it encrypted the backup now some ransomware actually will now actually time itself yeah you don't know you have it right until your third backup in the rotation is also corrupted so no matter what backup you bring online it's also corrupted people are very sophisticated but it's not new in 1999 I was working for a company called home store.com we got hit by the I love you virus okay think about that was the I love you dot VBS that was the 10 every geek in the company double clicked on I love you VBS yeah and we spread it everywhere so it was just instant I love you double click and and what I didn't get that what it's not doing anything double click again double click again double click again and you were telling me one person had like seven times this is the same thing it's not new but companies don't accept that this is a risk so how are we going to get how are we going to get company stuff up their eyes and and allow this to happen so we'll tell the story I think we gotta my biggest question is is that it's I think it's I if I was in a company and I was the IT director and I've been many times you're the first guys I would say yes come on in but there's my my problem is I have is it 80 to 90 percent of the IT directors that I'm in contact with will not allow this to be happening they won't it's a fear yeah there's a fear what if we're penetrated even if you are these guys than the bad guys that's right I'm sitting there going like you are already I mean what do I got to do so the banks have to do this now health care or you know the rate late industries have to do this training already right hippo it would be really fun to see because they in Steve Robertson he'll share his test with you he'll talk he'll talk about his well he's well he's fun to see if you went to their organization if you got similar results as he's been getting right you know I mean because it's nice to have that third party audit they're very progressive now they're one of the few one of the organizations in the town why Pacific Health it does a great job in and they'll bring stuff in they will do they will go out of their way to make sure that what they've done is right yeah but you know he's a rare rare yeah bird in this town that sounds like a jam really yeah I don't get that very often you don't get that very often we were still dealing with old school mentality people worked up their way in a corporate ladder and they really didn't come up through the trenches in IT so they really don't understand the vulnerabilities and they don't understand the risk until it's actually become an exploit I know I got 40 year olds who are acting like I'm supposed to be acting and I'm the one that's saying you know I'm going to wait a minute I'm the old school guy I've been doing this for 50 years yeah I should be acting like you and I'm arguing with them and they just literally arguing with them and they're not doing it we're not it's a hard sell yeah it really is a hard sell it won't be once they're hit yeah that's the problem once you're hit it's already happened and it's too late and they're so used to being in reactive mode and I keep telling them why don't you just start shifting your mind and why we get proactive so you're ahead of the game and plus it's it's basically free there's the training time right but so I use those securing the human posters saying you know sans has posters that show you what a bad it shows about all the elements and when you get stuff to take a look you know you get something you weren't expecting first of all don't click on anything look at the header go look at it and see what it is who's it from is it is it says Andrew landing but is it really for me no it's from somewhere else you know so they they've it just doing that type of training that awareness training for people and I'm the guy I'm paranoid so I got these posters like posts you know I move them around at the one time they're on the mirror next time they're on your desk when you come back next time they're on the toilet like I I'm constantly trying to keep that awareness because all you can do is go for constant awareness because it's a constant problem we can harden 80 plus percent of your environment technically we've got csc trop 20 controls we can do that but we can't fix that person the people and you can't and you can't and my message to the ceo's and co's and cfo's and so on is like you need to demand of your c ios or cto's or cso's you need to demand that they be doing this stuff at least like you said earlier on a quarterly basis at least and at least and then it's an hr issue too so you got to monitor it right so if you've got a person that fails three times after being trained for three quarters of training now you've got you've got an employee requirement right like this guy's not doesn't get it and he's actually a danger to your organization he's a risk actually the the biggest danger is budgetary yeah so i know and i'm not going to tell the company right now but i actually know of a company that implemented a cyber security group paid for them to all get their c isis p's they're all really good people okay and then they went through a merger and the emerging company came in and cut their budget in half well yeah can you imagine for the cyber security group right and i said that's bad yeah yeah you're going you're going to get hit and here's where you can help them get their budget back so here's you just hit on something so yes i want you to come in i want you to bring your students in i want you to try and do a phishing attack on me and if you find it then i'm going to use that information just to go to the budgetary hey wait a minute we brought in a neutral third party who's showed where we're vulnerable i need money to fix this if you can now once that's done it's on the record yeah if they ever get hacked oh someone's going to go down wait wait wait you know your cto or cio you knew brought new new about that you knew about this and you do it and then i said go like well that's why we don't want you back in because we like you tell us again but again it's you're going to you are yeah you will fail this and you should fail this i've never actually i don't actually know of a penetration test that ever failed actually no i don't get most testers will test until they get in and they they would there's just always a way well i remember one a long time ago where it was a social medium guy guy guy was trying to get into a bank the bank brought him in and he got in socially and he called from the help desk and his name was um shan lemongelo and his name was lemon jello and he called in as shan lemongelo and they let him in and that's and they were like spent two weeks trying to get into this bank and it was the human being the social part they got him and that even michael milkin i mean it's what he did you know i got a great story guys okay sure so it security i got it cybersecurity i told my class okay they're talking smack hack me hack my email five weeks 130 hours 23 students working in consort hacked me three ways they did a social attack they built an actual profile from uh of me on ancestry.com to get my mother's maiden name they did a they did a physical attack they misdirected my attention in class well someone actually put a keylogger on my system wow and they put it underneath the power supply so i didn't notice right and it's just a loose usb cable and they did a session hijacking attack in the classroom they did arp poisoning and dns poisoning to redirect my login to my email and they grabbed it duplicated the site stripped off the htps and i didn't notice okay then i'm the teacher that's awesome that's awesome so believe it or not we we have burned through 30 minutes and i'm gonna be back we're gonna talk about this and have you come back again and the message to everybody please listen today you've got to bring in the tools especially if they're offered at free 99 well you got to make a donation to the student just donate yeah but that'll come that'll come anyway so uh you 67 was your solo cup you got number 90 i won't give you this one we got number 91 coming up 91 right no one doesn't go unrewarded all right um we're gonna bring you back with a student next time to see what's going on fantastic anyway i'm exhausted this is really this is a really good one anyway want to thank you guys for joining us again on hibachi talk drew dave cyber security enemies say to everybody at the end of the show oh yeah one two three how are you doing


Hello everybody! In this video, I'm going to show you how to replace bulging capacitors on a motherboard, why it should be done, and when it's worth doing it. Capacitors are among the most vulnerable elements you can find in motherboards, power supply units, and graphics cards. Inside, they contain some electrolyte fluid, which tends to evaporate at high temperatures, and it makes the capacitor unoperable. In motherboards and power supply units, such elements are subjected to temperature effects regularly. As a result, bad capacitors can make a computer freeze, restart, show blue screens of death, fail to start from the first attempt, or even fail to start at all. Often, people believe that problems with their computers are caused by various software errors, viruses, or certain parts breaking down. But in fact, capacitors rarely die in new computer parts, the only exception being faulty items. However, if you notice any issues with your computer, it is worth examining the capacitors. What if they alter the root of the problem? In our channel and blog, you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. It's easy to tell a good capacitor from a bad one. Usually, the top part of a bad capacitor is swollen, and sometimes there can be brown stains. Seldom, the bottom part can be swollen too, which is also easy to see during a visual inspection. Also, you can test their capacity with an altimeter, but most of the time a close look at the capacitors can help you understand if there are any bad ones. This is the list of what you need to replace the capacitors. As soldering iron with a thinner narrow tip, no more than 40 to 60 watt. If you use a more powerful one, there is a risk of overheating the motherboard. Flux, solder, and something to remove flux from the motherboard. It could be spirit or refined gasoline. And the most important part – capacitors of required capacitance and voltage. Remember, if you get polarity confused or use a lower voltage capacitor, it may explode, so be very attentive when selecting an item for replacement and make sure that you install it properly. Read the markings carefully. They always specify the voltage from 6.3 to 10 volt and capacitance from 1000 to 1500 microfarad. You can select an item with the same voltage that the old capacitor had or with a higher one. At the same time, capacitance affects the time needed to charge and recharge a capacitor. And in some cases, this can be of utmost importance for the specific circuit. That is why capacitance should be exactly the same as your old element had. First of all, to replace a faulty item, you should remove it. Now that you have located the bad capacitor, you need to find its legs on the backside of the motherboard. There could be some difficulty in doing that, but as long as you are determined to do it on your own, I'm sure you'll manage it. Once you've found the legs of the capacitor, start hitting one of them, slightly pulling the capacitor away from that leg. As the solder melts, the capacitor will lean to the side. Then do the same to the other leg. You can try hitting two legs at the same time and slightly sway the capacitor from one side to another, from one leg to the other, until it gets separated from the motherboard. If you hit and sway it properly, disordering a capacitor is easy. When doing it, don't hurry or apply too much pressure. Boards are made of multiple layers of fiberglass, and if you press too hard, you can damage contacts between the inner layers of the board. Also, long time hitting can also harm the motherboard. It can get the solder pads to come off or peel away. That is why putting pressure on the soldering iron is a bad idea. Just position it so that it touches the legs and presses very slightly. If the existing solder on the motherboard doesn't melt, try adding a little bit of low-temperature solder. In the past, most motherboards used lead solder, but the recent trend is to use lead-free solders. The melting temperature of lead-free solder is 20 to 30 degrees centigrade higher. Therefore, you need to hit the solder inside longer or use a higher temperature. And we have just mentioned the dangers that can be caused by overheating. And as a good fix for that, before soldering, use a hot soldering iron to apply some low-temperature solder on the capacitor legs on the back side of the motherboard. This way, you mix two types of solder to get a lower melting temperature at the junction point you are going to work on. When desoldering a capacitor, solder tends to fill the holes made into the motherboard for the capacitor legs. So if you try to solder the new capacitor in the same way as you desoldered it, there's a risk of damaging the solder pad and the circuit connected to it. That is why you should remove the solder from the holes and make them a little bigger. To do it, put a needle, a straightened paper clip or a toothpick into the hole from one side and touch the hole with the soldering iron from the other side. When the solder is melted, the toothpick will slide into the hole. It should be done very carefully, as you may accidentally damage the circuits between the motherboard layers. If you use a needle or paper clip, rotate it so that it doesn't get soldered. But the best option of course would be to use a solder sucker or a desoldering braid, also known as a desoldering wick, if you have it. In case you are using second-hand capacitors as replacements, remember to clean their legs from any solder they may be covered with. Now, the only thing left to do is to solder a healthy capacitor in place. Put its legs into the holes. Here is an important thing to remember. At this stage, the most important part is not to confuse polarity. It is specified both on the motherboard and the capacitor, so be very attentive. I have mentioned the dangers of getting polarity wrong a few minutes before. Usually, you can see special markings on the motherboard to make your work easier. The colored part means the minus or negative contact. But it is also useful to remember how exactly the old capacitor was positioned. The capacitors also have special signs on them, usually at strip with the minus or negative symbol. Insert the legs into the holes, put some flux on them and solder them to the motherboard. When the soldering operations are complete, don't forget to clean this area of the motherboard with a special fluid. Something like a flux of spray, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or refined gasoline. Doing so is highly recommended, as there might be tiny droplets of solder all over the motherboard area that make us circuits to cross and short out the motherboard. Even the flux can come into action with other components, so it is better to be on the safe side and do some cleaning. You may find bad capacitors anywhere else, where they can be causing trouble. Such elements are used in power supply units, graphics cards and so on. If you notice bulging capacitors in another device, they can be replaced by following this particular guide. And that is all for now. Hopefully, this video was useful. Remember to click the Like button and subscribe to our channel. Hit the bell button to receive notifications and never miss new videos. Thank you for watching and good luck!


Section 7-3, a championship. Grand Rapids taking on Hermontown. Second half, Hawks up two with less than three minutes to play when Maddie Foster hits the triple. Hermontown goes up five, then less than 10 seconds to go with Underhawks down three. Heaven handling for the tie. She makes it tied at 54. Then an OT, Hawks down one. Jordan Thomas makes the layup. The end one, Hermontown goes up one. But in the end, Grand Rapids pulls away. Handling seals it with the jumper. They win it 65-60. They're off the state in overtime. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


It snowed it finally snowed Hi guys Just let me see your face you look like an Eskimo Drivers out there. Welcome. All right. What we do on this vlog as often as possible Hello flag we do a question of the day hashtag QD down in the comments today's question of the day What is your favorite winter activity? Huh? I mean you could do bobsledding Never been dog sledding never been or fort building. That's what we're doing right now What's your favorite winter activity? Thanks for commenting and welcome to the daily blog. All right careful Silly bugs Got you guys caught Seth in the act Eat nice. We are inside and the children are outside Hey, buddy a Sunday bump update It's uh, how many weeks to go? Bump update. Oh side view. Oh Looking good mama Looking good That's precious right Listen Your kids will fuss at you. They will yell at you They will spit at you That just all just happened like last 15 minutes, but Did see an article recently from the Germans Saying that they do not intervene in their children's fights supposedly They just let them fight who knows maybe we will adopt some of those methods With this next one Hi, and everyone's out shoveling. It's just a great little day a little Football game to close out the evening this fine Sunday, but we lost the football Until beauty work hard love each other