So we have a max force construction update again if you're new to my construction updates I kind of go over what we're seeing at theme parks across North America and soon Across the pond in Europe excited to announce those details soon, but yes We have we're on the media list for Six Flags Cedar Fair and soon to be some parks in Europe And we'll be getting some construction shots of coaster projects around the world soon So that's super exciting. So again, huge. Thank you to you guys for watching these videos Super awesome that people actually listen in And listen to an amateur talking about coaster construction. So I will say along the way I am definitely learning new terms proper terminology and the proper kind of like signs of what's going on on a construction site thanks to people reaching out to me So I've had construction workers reaching out to me just to correct me on my terminology and kind of like what flags Mean and what this could mean. So huge. Thank you to everyone who's taken time out of their day to reach out to me Anyways, so as you can see on max source, they've definitely had Caps for what you pour cement or concrete into to form footings Then you have the rebar cages and the threading the threaded rods that they'll attach the support beams to on site So construction is definitely moving forward Very quickly and this is usually what takes place on a lot of coaster projects. So once they start digging footings It moves very rapidly. So you're gonna see footings going in left right center They'll probably have line-ups of like four to five to six cement trucks at all times pouring cement to form that concrete for the footings So I believe this ride is called wizard again. I have to there's so many parts. I'm covering I have to learn everything. So it looks like wizard again, correct me down below if I'm wrong is missing track That's normal. We saw that at Canada's Wonderland with vortex. They'll remove track So cranes and cement trucks can move in there and do what they need to do Nothing is going on with that roller coaster. It'll be put back together once they're done For those of you that don't know and for those you that don't know what max source is again at the end of my construction updates That aren't typical Canada's Wonderland construction updates I'm gonna put a POV of the coaster in there or the announcement video for the coaster like this one So, you know what I'm talking about. So this is at Six Legs Great America. This is max source This is one of my most anticipated coasters for 2019 I don't care how short this thing is a lot of people have been kind of hating on me for my love of max source Again, I point out top till dragster was short and it was absolutely amazing And I know this is gonna be absolutely amazing. So as you can see back on topic Brendan Max source has its rebar cages on site. So they are ready to pour a ton of footings You can actually see the formations for the footings or the concrete or cement as well back there It is just rebar cages galore. So we'll be getting updates usually probably Every weekend every other weekend whenever we get photos sent in and then we'll have our behind-the-scenes construction tour Sometime in winter, which is super awesome that the park is letting us do that So again, not too much going on yet vertical construction hasn't started It is a smaller coaster, but still a massive impressive coaster at the same time I know that is very contradicting but for those that know coasters They kind of understand that so it's definitely got a very tall footprint It's kind of like goes all over the place for Six Legs Great America But it's still a smaller coaster in terms of length, but it's gonna pack quite the punch So I'm super excited. Anyways, hopefully next weekend or after this weekend I'll have some more exciting news to share about Max source. So about once a week I'll get you guys some max horse updates if possible. Thanks for watching guys Hit that like button subscribe if you haven't and share this video for others to watch. Have a good one guys. Bye


What's up everybody? Welcome to Road to Riot. I'm Let's Fly RC. Usually on this channel we fly drones They've got four propellers fly really fast and really agile, but they don't fly for very long. Airplanes fly for a really long time But unfortunately with an airplane you have to have a big long runway to take off or land on and they're not extremely agile So the best of both worlds would be an airplane that could take off like a quadcopter and fly for a really long time And then land like a quadcopter. A vertical takeoff and landing or VTOL airplane does exactly that It will take off just like a drone and then transition into an airplane, and it'll be the best of both worlds essentially So that's exactly what I did. I've got this prototype here, and we're at Road to Riot rampage, and we're gonna test it out Oh the wings fell off. Oh, that's okay. They're made to come off. Oh really? Yeah. Oh, that's cool. It's just a little pin Yeah, watch this It's alive again. Alright, if you're in quadcopter mode it acts like a quadcopter. Okay, as soon as you flip into transition mode It tries to hold its altitude as it's transitioning. Got you, but then you're basically an airplane flight mode So as you give it more throttle, you don't gain altitude you gain forward flight. Gotcha, okay, right? And then as soon as you flip the switch into complete airplane manual mode Then all the controls act like an airplane aileron elevator everything becomes an airplane I was trying to flip it back into quad mode so that it would stabilize itself But I ended up flipping it into an airplane manual by accident. Gotcha. Okay, and that way it flipped out Couldn't ask for better conditions right now. It is really beautiful out and sunny and hot and not windy And that's what we need for something like this because it's an airplane and they don't like wind We're gonna test flight for the first time ever as an actual airplane and hopefully it works Yes, make sure your video is working. Let's make sure I'm gonna be his spotter and safety pilot It's so easy FTV oh wow All right, here we go. We're gonna get a little more altitude a little more altitude to the way There we go airplane here we go. It doesn't crash. Oh boy. I'm flying like an airplane. There we go. It's working Oh, this is awesome. Okay. This is really cool. I'm gonna fly it out. Oh, this is awesome This is so cool. Let's see if I go back now. Let's see if you can transition it now I want to go back to a quadcopter. All right slowing here. We go All right. I'm slowly slowing down. Okay quadcopter mode only allows like angle mode. So basically with angle mode He's not an actor where you can do like flips and rolls. It's going to help stabilize him Which is going to really help him in this case. I'm going to let my feet. I'm going to let you fly it. This is so cool Nice job, Sean All right, let me fly this thing Oh, this is cool. It has a little bit of yaw twitch. It does but all right.  Yes. Okay. I'm in airplane mode now. Yes you are So awesome. Oh my gosh. It's so fast. It is really fast. It is awesome You're doing a much better job flying it than I was. I was scared. He's like, I don't care if I crash Sean's plane No, that's always the mentality is I don't care if I crash Sean's plane It does have a very high stall speed. There it is. That's pull pitch back. It's not tipping a wing or anything This is fun. This is like what you want in fbb. You want to be able to go somewhere far But then just be able to land it as well transition Inverted. Oh, it's so awesome The roll rate is so high It's like so fast go for the tube. All right, go for the tube. All right. Here we go Thank you. Thank you for not crashing. Don't break this one. I like this one a lot. Yeah, I don't really want to break this one I didn't even get that. I didn't even get it. Not even a little bit. I'll do one more fly by We're good. We're okay I don't know what it did. It just freaked out. Well, I know I touched the ground, but I like I touched it But boom, it just like did it You have to do it again. All right. All right. Hold on. That scared me. Oh my god I think I peed a little bit after that one Yeah Like I barely missed the cards. All right, here we go transitioning Gac Nice So awesome Boom right at our feet. It looks it's so much fun. It's easy to fly too The only thing is like when you give it like in an airplane mode when you're like above 70 throttle Like when I was trying to fly by it gets super pitch sensitive. Yeah, like I was like, okay I just need to make a tiny adjustment boom I could see this being used like for delivery people always talking about like Oh, wouldn't it be cool to use drones for delivering? It still hasn't happened. I don't know if it's ever really gonna happen Hey, but if it does this this might be a technology that's employed because you know a challenge with like trying to carry a payload You know far distances and deliver it to a very precise location It means that a you know a drone isn't good for that because it can't fly for very long And a fixed wing airplane isn't good for it because it can't necessarily like get right to your doorstep But this can building these things was a challenge I spent about three months learning the software. So there's a lot of the software already out there. I mean, what are you using? Yeah, so I was using a new software called rdu pilot and If you can imagine using beta flight and doing everything in cli or virtually everything That's kind of like what rdu pilot is extremely daunting to learn the great thing about it though Is it's so capable? There's like so many different types of v-tools you can make and it's just so customizable I love it. So these look a little bit different. What what are you got going on with this? It looks like to me you just basically took a quad because you got four props here And you took a plane and you just smashed them together. You got peanut butter in my jelly. You got quad in my plane Here we go. It's exactly what we did. Okay. This is a quad plane And that's what they call it a quad plane And you basically just have a quad copter that takes off and then when you get to a certain altitude The fifth props start spinning to gain the speed eventually You get up to enough airspeed where you can turn off the air four pillars and this one takes over And you're just an airplane so during transition you have all five spinning all five spinning So then once you keep and you stable right this is going to move you forward because you need actual air speed for the wings To do anything so then once this prop has done its job and you've gotten some air speed You actually got some lift going you can shut down the four motors And it's just straight up a plane and these motors are just hanging out adding drag doing nothing Because it actually has braking built in these actually completely stop which is kind of cool. Nice. Okay Yeah, so I mean the only criticism I can kind of see of this is that like you've got Four whole motors and the weight associated with that motors hanging out doing nothing for I say 95% of the flight right because you're only using them for the the volt holes So they're basically adding drag and weight to the right so it is kind of a bummer to see that So I see this one is different. I think this kind of Takes that into consideration because I'm seeing a lot less motors and I'm seeing that they do a little twisting This is a tilt rotor v-tool and the front two motors do multiple functions They tilt up as a quadcopter and because I quadcopter That's right when you think of a drone usually think of a quadcopter in the way quads do Yaw is by spinning two motors that spin the same direction faster than the two other motors spinning the opposite direction And that angular momentum differential creates the yawing action And now with a tricopter where you've only got three motors That means you've got to get the yaw from somewhere else A tricopter usually has a tilt motor in the back to give it yaw authority This plane doesn't need it because the two front motors act as yaw authority when both of them can tilt simultaneously To create that yaw and it's so cool to watch the best thing about this is that when you're in forward flight You technically only have one motor and one prop as drag right okay So the tilting achieves two things they actually tilt forward And that becomes the forward flight motors and then this guy just becomes useless Definitely have to think about with v-tool if the Useless motor is worth the extra drag or not So one of the greatest things about a v-tool versus a standard airplane is that you could technically carry a heavier battery Than you could in a regular airplane because you have the extra lift to get it off the ground and stable Or an airplane would have a hard time taking off with that much weight I would not have thought about it like that So you could get a longer flight time just by being able to put a bigger battery in it Well shan overall I think you did an awesome job as usual putting these things together And I love the 3d printed things that you've got going on here. They're very sculpted. My friend mark actually gave me these Designs and he's already built this so I don't want to pretend like this is totally my design It was so much fun to build. So what's the next thing? What what are you trying next? What are we doing here? So we are here at rotor ride rampage 2022 last year We did ring drone and we had a bunch of the community members helped me build it I thought it was so awesome and so much fun. Everybody loved it We thought why not try something this year as well and we're gonna take this and blow it up to a Giant scale size. You've got some people that came right here to the event want to help you out on community build I don't know. Let's get you into the build room and get this thing put together That is amazingly smooth I didn't even have to pivot in this one let's do a forward flight test on the back motor This thing flies so good It's better than all the other ones I've done so far. This might be one of the crazier projects you've done I like it. Oh, yeah hours worth of work. All right, foldable people involved. Here we go. Here we go One fpv All right, here we go transitioning Yo airplane Straight at the tent. I'm an airplane. I'm completely in airplane mode now complete manual. Really? Yes, how does it fly? Oh, it's flies great flies like an optara, but it's a little bouncy Okay, I could see that. Yeah, the pitch is a little bouncy, but it's flying We're in transition mode. Let's transition slowing down. It's slowing down on its own quad cupper mode. Okay. All right. We're backing up turning around That is so cool Literally looks. I love that so much. That's so weird to see a wing do that What? That was so weird Dude, it's going oh my gosh a wing is not supposed to do that This is literally this is literally some avengers Okay, I want the quad cup to know to save it That's so so weird looking that's like to stop. All right. We're in transition. Okay. We're in quad Yeah So, you know how amazon is like trying to do drone delivery I think this would be perfect because you can have a really long battery life If being a wing and then just have a quadcopter drop a package Are you going sideways intentionally? Yes. Yes. Okay So in quadcopter mode you have a lot of level Sean that was amazing. That is so cool. That is so cool. That's so cool That's the coolest thing. That's so cool. Yes. It works. Congratulations everybody that did this This was an amazing community project that wrote a right rampage 2022 Thank you so much to the guys that helped me build the giant airplane beetle We had so much fun with it. It was exciting huge Thanks to my good friend mark for helping me with this project and getting it up and running So that I could learn rd pilot which was really daunting and really hard to learn I had so much fun and I learned so much about rd pilot If you guys want to build any of these planes that I built I will have links in the description to All of the plans all of the parts and I will even give you all of my parameters So you can have a good starting point. Make sure you subscribe click the bell Don't forget to go to rotorite.com and come to rampage. Thanks for watching guys, and we'll see you next time on rotorite


People don't know this, but in the old D&D, right, you got experience differently than the new D&D. In the new D&D, you mostly get experience from killing monsters, and then you divide it amongst the party, and everyone sort of gets equal levels and whatnot, right? But in the old D&D, if you get an old D&D book, like the BECMI ones, right, basic, expert, master, companion, something, master, immortal, anyway, if you look in the red book, the first one, the basic one, if you look at the XP charts, killing a monster or getting past a monster encounter in a dungeon is like worth hundreds of XP. It's like chump change, right? The XP is all about getting the loot. It's all about the loot. You go into the dungeon just because you want treasure. You don't care how you get past the monster. You don't have to kill it. You can just talk your way past it. You don't even, you can just dodge the monster going through a secret tunnel or something. If you get the loot and get out, that is how you get the XP. So those games played very differently. You couldn't, if they had made Final Fantasy and these other PC RPGs based on that, you'd be playing them very differently. You'd run from every encounter.


This is Gordon Manor reporting for Oknoe TV from Kathmandu, Nepal, on the 8th of November. Today, Sainte-Arc Law and IDLO signed a Memorandum of Understanding. For Sainte-Arc Law the Memorandum was signed by its Secretary-General Hemant Bhatra, whereas for IDLO the document already stood signed by its Acting Director-General Jeffrey S. Waldron. This Memorandum aims to advance broad common purposes in pursuance of the respective mandates and objectives of Sainte-Arc Law and IDLO, to encourage and facilitate the improvement and use of legal resources in the development process as whole including socio-economic development, to contribute to the establishment and progressive development and application of good governance and the rule diverse facets of law in South Asia, and to promote sustainable development through improvement and maintenance of the legal and judicial systems and processes. On the occasion of signing of the Memorandum the Chief Justice of Bhuton, who is also President of Sainte-Arc Law, Justice Sonam Thabjee was also present along with Justice Kalyan Shrestha Judge of Nepal Supreme Court and Vice President of Sainte-Arc Law. From IDLO its senior functionaries, Naomee Brikshine, and Sarinardik Chia were also present. Batra, SG of Sarc Law, termed the Memorandum as a historic document. Sarc Law is an association of the legal communities of the Sarc countries comprised of judges, lawyers, academicians, law teachers and public officers, and has the status of a regional apex body of Sarc, and was established to bring together the legal communities within the region for close cooperation, developing understanding, promoting exchange of ideas and dissemination of information, and use and develop the law as a source and an instrument towards social change for development as well as for building cooperation among peoples of the region. According to Hemant Batra, Secretary General of Sarc Law and Managing Partner of the renowned law firm Kadentboros, development cooperation underpins IDLO's work in economic development like trade, investment and micro-finance law, social development like environmental and natural resources law, land law, and health law and institutional development like justice. Sector, governance and legal education, and Sarc Law and IDLO recognized the mutual benefit of cooperating and collaborating in pursuance of their respective mandates and objectives.


We've got two people asking similar questions here. So Rickin and Christine. So Rickin asks, does anyone know if certain responses on Microsoft Forms can be directed to certain teams? Christine says, looking for help, I've created a form which I would like to put on my website. When the form is completed online, is it possible to have the completed form emailed to a generic email address? The answer is yes and yes. That's the short answer. The long answer is Microsoft Forms collects the responses in an Excel spreadsheet format in the background. You can export that, but there's no way to automatically direct that to a certain place. You have to bring in some of the other tools that are in the PowerStack, and that is Power Automate using a flow. You can pretty much take that using logic for the one question, certain responses directed to certain teams, there needs to be some trigger in there, what category is it, or what type of response that they're looking for. Yes, and then the completed form email, that's a real easy. That's like an out-of-the-box flow that there's a template for that. You don't even really have to do much for that. A common scenario. Yeah. I just actually wrote an entire course on my platform of how to take information from a Microsoft Form using Automate and post it in a SharePoint list, because this is a very common question, and I'm tired of answering step-by-step. I just recorded the videos, so anybody's interested, let me know. Is that one of your Wednesdays? No. It's one of my sessions that I present on, but this one is actually a step-by-step video course, that it's about an hour of time. Yeah. Well, add the links. We'll include it here in the email and the video. Shameless plug. Shameless plug. What I like about this scenario is that you've got just normal users who are taking the tools out of the box, like forms, getting the responses, and then now there's a bit more maturity happening, and they want to come to the next level and either centralize that information or take further action on it. You're able to use some of the other tools in the stack, like Sherry said, with Power Platform, specifically Power Automate to do all that moving around. Now you're getting into this Citizen Developer, the Maker scenarios where you're taking data, you're moving it from one form, you're taking action on it, and it can become very configurable, and the tool in Power Automate can be very flexible. So triggers, assignments, other types of actions, maybe you post to that SharePoint list for more long-term tracking or centralized tracking, like Sherry outlined. Maybe you want to develop an email notifier to that generic account that you mentioned, or maybe you take it a step further and you create something like a Teams adaptive card and it'll push it out to that particular user with a button that they can click on that will acknowledge that the message was received or take further action. So it's one of the great things to get. You start modestly and then you start to grow as requirement, time, and your desire to learn more of those things.  So the resources are there. It doesn't always have to be a paid engagement from a consultant, but the tools are there. You've got them in your Microsoft 365 and Power Platform toolbox. That's what you use them. You know, I just thought of another scenario that I really love that builds on top of this. Exactly what you said, Norm, is it creates an adaptive card, post it over to Teams so that the internal Teams, so that customer success team or sales or operations based on the response, you can even have different routing of that card based on the responses in the form to go to support or to sales or to marketing or whatever IT support. And so somebody can see, hey, customer XYZ, just respond to this. Here's the issue they're having and then go take action. You can have that internal discussion of, you know, hey, who should best handle this? Is it something that's really us? Should we pass it off to this other team? But that's a great next level automation that you can build based off of this scenario. Yeah, I think the only thing that's still kind of hanging out there as far as this question is the generic email address. Because it's important to know that you can email a channel of a team. You can email a whole team. Each one of those has their own email address or you can create a group mailbox that multiple people are assigned to. So there's different options you have to within 365 to for your generic email address. Yeah.


So but just for clarification is everybody seen Toy Story 1 2 3? Yeah, I'm not seen 3. Oh I've probably seen one a really long long time ago I'll pick up what they're selling. I was gonna say I don't know that You need to know much everything's the same except that is there any new characters for you that probably? Well They didn't pick up anybody from the Wait, what about what about the the toys that that girl had in her house? I guess they're part of the group aren't they? Oh, hey, do we get to know them yet? I Don't know. No, really. I'm not sure. I imagine this film functions just fine without having seen three to be honest Yeah, I've probably seen one and two but like way way back what I will say and I've heard this from a lot of people is a Lot of people if they don't like three they still like it's ending Okay, the way three is Andy gives all of his toys in a big box to a little girl who's like playing and it's supposed to symbolize sort of like hand me down That it's her generation now and that the toys will make her happy sort of thing and the toys are all happy about it You know Andy's growing up And so that and I think that makes for a good bookend for Toy Story. It's like, yeah, of course That's what toys are for But then they made a fourth one I can see the problem So, yeah, they've said this is the last one for sure now, right? Well, I'm pretty sure I read that Tom Hanks has said something along the lines of like he's hanging up the stirrups of Woody's not playing Tom Hanks says he's given up on it. It's like, yeah If he's not doing it, you can't make I imagine they guilt him into it be like loads of children. What this Tom? You're gonna say I don't know. I've got a lot of respect for Tom Hanks. He seems like a really nice dude I don't know.  I thought it would be higher cuz yeah, but maybe he just spins a shit-turn lives like a player. Oh wait What was the length of yours, Mel? Please don't die.  Wait, I thought she was unable to move properly Like she had a lot of Full moment.   Oh So issue he just moved like Four inches when the extension is like two meters. It's like that would have flung him so far forward man.  I Wouldn't even close probably Well in that box right now and just get her out It's time for the next kid, but isn't she was from the little girls room was she yeah, she was even standing there. What's Kids lose their toys every day Not care about all of your friends.  So rushed wow are you gonna explain that to everyone else?  I Just like to point out that in the toy store universe sex dolls are alive Like a plastic fork that's alive.  Oh my god? No, think of all the plastic forks that just get Exactly it's just like what constitutes a toy if I stick like a button or something on my Kind of did that in three when they had mr. Potato head hack himself into a pancake remember or whatever it was I I've really got a feeling of this was over This world is actually rather nightmare It's a chair that's alive, but they what chairs are Oh He's in the back No play with you No, I don't want to get me too. I don't my first take in a garden I'm too young for this shit Also, why would the moving lunchbox be any weirder than the moving cowboy?    Hey, it's okay. Come on out.  Does it become alive with the zipper for its mouth or something?  Oh Jesus Christ. Oh Parts have to fall off before it's not alive anymore. I know this is a little strange Trust me oh It's desperate to become a part of the trash again, that's its life's purpose. It's horrifying Terrifying my potential level. I'm oh my god. This is worth So much got nothing on there.  I wish you could have seen it.  What does he have? How would she know it's like how a baby knows how to gasp for air when it's born or no No, because they establishes a toy story once some toys are actually out of where that they're supposed to be toys. Oh, yeah In fairness people establishes one of the potential plot holes Yeah, well, I mean it doesn't help this movie though What is this is disturbing with our new net is really creepy Woody's these don't woodman stop it Who wants to go on Seriously, how could you possibly keep this going come on? You need help with him on the road trip no no no I got it you can't possibly do this We know because so you could argue that the law is that whenever a human looks at them They lose the ability to move or speak But that's not true either because of sin Yes, yeah, this is ridiculous. What this is the story.  I wonder who this film is gonna be about But it's like what about these other characters that were attached to you know, then we've been attached to for 20 years It's not it's not their story.  Oh What he just kills the fork in the end snaps his neck.     I'm sorry I'm gonna walk five miles. Come on.  Why would forky answer? He doesn't want to he doesn't like If you saw a fork he was like stuck so I guess he wanted to help get non-stuck because you have Bonnie's name written On the bottom of your sticks. Why do I have Bonnie's name?   It's weird. Yeah Like it or not Well right now it's to make sure So how retarded is this thing he seems to be reasonable, but he has a desperate desire to be in a bin So he thought Andy's room was a planet.  I get it now. I'm Bonnie's trash. Yes. Wait, what? Without me what we gotta get going. She needs me. Yeah. Why was that simple? Okay, his existential crisis is over Imagine if one guy just went out in the street and saw this They made really good time for toys They actually walk in most of the way for key. Look Bonnie's right over there Yeah, and you see how look how much distance they make and how much time it takes I'm also The shape Yep Just so happens. She's here. What? So me and friend you already know the bow people significant of this storyline that's Little bit I guess Woody's interest in seeing Bonnie super seeds is sorry to see Bo Peep super seeds is interested in making Bonnie happy I'm telling you man.  What he can't choose I think that's what is ox gonna be in this film. This is so convenient. I can't believe this She's just I mean it's not that big of a country, right? No About the whole elements of the film being creepy, uh-huh. Oh God My name is Gabby Gabby and this is my very good friend Thank you for your help. I haven't seen bow in years. I ask when were you made You have a voice box like me Benson show him Oh, that's that's really not necessary.  What are they going? They ran away extremely fast. They did a John Wake ninja. Yeah Well played Woody after some boon-tang and you've just lost the only reason you left in the first place Plot twist he was after the sheet Maybe we should have gone with the fork. The spoon is safer.   You're like, I'm sorry.    He's quite smart He's really listening to Come on Is Remember this music too. Yeah on a sense of theme. Yeah, that's a good pump Really Man, I feel like that would have broken him.      I want to create some great memories for her. Why is it why? Yeah, why does it arbitrarily have to be Bonnie?  Yeah, I was about to say I feel like there should be better at this by now Like he's like an expert toy like toy level five or whatever The sheep must be trying to direct him. There's no way that's a coincidence again Really?  I'll see car What? How come the skunk isn't alive? Right? Sorry guys girls girls, of course Oh, just misgendered. Really? Wow. Okay. Let's get started together like some terrible horrible I always found that creepy since toy story one Believe me, we need new characters because our old ones are boring. No.  I need to get back to my kid. What you got a kid.  All right. He left the guy haggard.  No, no Who are you? Oh, my kid really needs this toy Will you help me for all time sake? Could you describe the toy? It must be really amazing Thank you All right It's really retarded and wants to go into the family when bow meets that toy. She's probably gonna be like, what are you? You okay? That thing is awfully fast by the way.    She had a bandage on it. I'm fine. Don't worry. It happens all the time Right. So does the tape maker fingers work as well then I was about to say the tape would never if she's actually porcelain The tape's not gonna be very good. It's like a body All right, you'd need like super duper glue and that's not even that great as a solution I mean, I guess the tape would work fine because of how light she is No, man second chance antiques straight ahead heavy foot traffic at the entrance easy sway in is gonna be some good tape Okay, yeah, that just works that way fine I have a feeling I can buy it. I can buy the tape. I think the tape is acceptable I I approve of the tape. I don't think it would work. I approve of the tape moller I just prove the tape. She is very light her her little arm is so light that the tape and that's medical tape She's that's medical tape. That's not just regular tape. It's gonna come out. I mean No, no, no, no, you gotta scale it down Scale it down that tape is already good tape I don't like I'm so down for like a little person. This is super tape. I know what a porcelain doll is It's so that's so light and that tape is so strong that for the scale of this tiny doll Tape would need to be thicker tape would not need to be thicker 100% need to be thicker No, it wasn't you could make it thicker. You wouldn't have to somebody would say this No Yeah, someone saw that They're really really pushing the uh, they're stretching it man. Yeah Stop doing that Wow, all right Christ like Jesse is loving it.  Oh people's never this Do you guys remember Bo Peep? How did they get up here?  We could literally make one for four cents, honey And we have to keep we have to stop them. How we could frame dad for a crime so he goes to jail Go back in time Sounds better coming from the unicorn Jesse something's new this character the way I remember this character. Remember toy story two happened How did she do that? Wow, that's impressive Okay, daddy's gonna use some All right, yeah the mantle fix it we're not going anywhere if you get my toy Hey I nailed it. I'm sure buzz and woody are Are they ringing? Yeah Wait, what's the plan I missed it? Yes, I'm curious if like Bo Peep like viciously murders that of the doll it turns out like That was not so bad. She's like the punishment for toys. Yeah Come on maker that sheep has three heads. No, no, no All spits eyes just they remind me of the two robots from The two robots from transformers and transformers too, they just like I mean people call them races all the time, but you could the whole thing was just keep cracking jokes crack though jokes Yeah, yeah, we can handle a cat.   How are we supposed to do that? You know the whole We know exactly what it's like. Why don't you just tell them what you're gonna.  All right Okay Oh, I almost wished I would have been real Oh No, it's gonna be the same thing again, isn't it? Oh, no, not in the car. Is it really long-winded and then it ends the same way Oh, yeah, yeah, of course it is Oh my god I want to see jet movie You may as well go for it at this point How does she get in and out of there what he's back and you're sure it's bo peepoos with him Couldn't take it out there, huh? Jesus Christ I like how they wanted to assure us he's fine. It's like that's not the assuring at all He's about to die. He's gonna he needs a battery I'm so thrown. Oh, this is supposed to be keanu Reeves, right? Gabby Gabby has his toy And my sheep No, Billy. She doesn't have your sheep.  It doesn't does it everybody knows the best route is behind the shelves That would have been a better route, wouldn't it?  He does Wait, we get it. We get it.  Oh no Rijon Rijon was so excited when he got me after christmas It was the happiest boxing day of my life Come on another sad story. I was ready to finally do what I was made for the thing I don't know if you remember, but jesse has this exact thing in Toy Story 2 But you take it very seriously. This is more of a joke clearly be Who I am Stop pulling strings and pressing buttons to answer people's questions. Do you get it? How do we get that key? So, yeah, like I'm not gonna deny it's funny, but this film is filled with convenience.  Wow It's almost like John Wick 3 I don't understand why they brought in so many new characters. Yeah, I mean you've already got Characters to work with because kids just want more we want more more Someone might be like are you an idiot? We're supposed to sell more toilet.  They're on their way I don't know a couple years. I didn't want to sit on a shelf waiting for my life to happen I left. Wow.  Yeah Yeah And that tape is uh, that tape is all together But just as I predicted it would by the way Because this film is running entirely on reality.  Yeah, the tape is fresh. No, because he's heavier.  They didn't need this.  They could have just walked up to it. Yeah, okay.  I'm sorry. That should have broken already.       I don't have anything else.  We've got a carnival that leaves in the morning Oh back to the rv. What about woody?   That's pre-recorded before he helps. Okay. Are they pulling his voice box out? Is he just okay with it?  Bye She'll realize she left it at the antique store and we'll head back in there Okay, really buzz everything you good Bonnie. Yep. Great.  What do we do now? Hmm.  How about that? Your backpacks in the antique store. Let's go All right, let's okay. He's all right How did the mom not hear that? The toy just said your backpack is in the antique store.    Bye forky.   That's Wow, that's that's actually like legit sad. I don't know what's going on with this movie like it It wants to be almost dark But what about gabby?  Do you know what she's done throughout this film? What are you like? Okay To the merry-go-round you understand. Absolutely. What is a merry-go-round the spinny ride with lights and and horses. Oh, you mean a carousel? Yes, yeah Christy knows though, it's been alive for two days. I don't know how that works It's very obviously carousel discussion So what was the toy's plan like buzz and stuff? Were they just hoping that when she got the backpack that she would get woody Yes, yeah, they assumed that woody would be with the backpack. She just okay I guess buzz.  I say that as if woody's been really useful Come on gabby What really? Why do you know stop it? Oh, do you remember this scene for stinky peat or for lotso? Yeah, I don't remember this Stinky peat is still currently being toyed.  It's like wow Well, I just ran out in the street.  Oh no, the baby is dead Is the gps sound funny to you honey? It's fine. Just drive. Hmm thought it sounded funny. Really? Another right really turn right Again, they're really pushing it. Yeah, how does no one notice this?  I don't care about you. Yes Wow, no, no, yeah, no one's again. We're in a world. We're apparently all people are blind. So what the hell?  You can hurt people very badly by doing this Oh Are you really what is this happening everyone is getting distracted. It's so annoying We don't have time for a moment. The whole reason they just did that was because they're oh my god Okay, there's a kid who's on his own. Okay, it's fine. She's not white. Let's go. Come on No, wait, never mind. She is let's go gotta go save her. What remember last time remember last time come on What if it doesn't work in this world everyone just gets ideas randomly and that distract them Did don't think about is this do it? Oh my god, what the? We didn't get them arrested I don't know what's happening. What are you gonna do?  You will never see the light of another morning.  No one in the audience wants this character to succeed Well, they were on a time limit weird creepy doll Listen infant Halle Berry needs a friend Wow good thing that worked. We have time to spare guys. Come on. Awesome. We know them to hurry at all Some instant feels just add water sort of moment that is Bumped into a security guard one meter in front of her. Okay I look security guards got a gun soon. Oh, I know she doesn't I love I love they're implying that toys make all this It's like the security guard is clearly important to All the competent characters of this are just not men Oh, it's filthy. You can't have that thrown away Oh, it's pro we need to take that to lost and found that's obviously belongs to somebody Oh, there's the auntie store right there. Just throw it in front of it. This is so contrived All right This happens now. Okay Victory guys. We did a thing. We had no intention of doing five seconds ago Yeah, we did we succeeded that side mission that just popped out. Oh my god run over everybody's children here What are you doing?  Will you please step out of the vehicle? That's totally going to jail No, he actually might be though. Well, no, I think it's a guarantee. How could he not go to jail? They'll check the car. Nothing's wrong with that. Don't give 40 a job. Don't give 40 a job Oh, the cops are just fine with it.  Yeah, because eventually just go to the other door. Woody's not gonna go There's something that's all staying. You don't have time, Woody Are you guys like sisters to me? This is gonna last like 10 minutes. This is gonna be a whole introspective moment.  He's just like He's grown up now. He doesn't need a kid to be a value. That's that would be a bull.  Bonnie We'll be okay. Oh, yeah What wait what? Yeah This is happening. This would never happen This is insane. This is actually insane.   Oh my god.   They're up here.  They haven't even done that yet How did they get from the car up here?  Yep, of course Oh Oh Here you go.     I know that they go You're up here. Let's go.  Oh, yeah No, they're all they're all uh, no Okay, right. What is going on? Oh I'm not happy I'm really upset.     I can't believe Who's woody gonna be today? Who's gonna be tomorrow?  I can't believe that you mr. Why didn't they go anywhere wild ride with a kid? We can make that happen. You can really? Leave it to us Jeremiah Also, no date do the same thing Jeremiah was bullfrog Get it They're making it so the toys get to be connected with kids Yeah, oh, is that what people want? Oh, is that the most amazing thing? It depends on the toy really you could be a toy that prefers a kid.   I never threw them away.    This is sad I'm forky Trash no, no toy. We are all toys Unique, but she'll get over the existential crisis quicker. I guess I will explain Alive Oh my god, that's a heavy question I don't know is Try the best way you could have answered that Well, so that's a very deep question No, surely there's like a a religion of toys where they try to answer these questions of how are we alive? What is giving us this movie power?   It needs to be decanonized Oh god I'll skip ahead. See if there's anything else. No, that's it. All right.     He'll regret in a week Absolutely. No man. He's delivering toys to kids. That's the happiest Woody could ever be We didn't start this movie out with Woody being in a depression toy depression No, no, no, no, he was remember when the little girl gave Jesse the sheriff badge and he was like, oh man I'm supposed to be the sheriff Yeah, he hated that part and I was like, no, you can be the one. I don't have a voice box anymore I'm worthless. Well, never he's never ever gonna say there's a snake in my boot again Or somebody's poison the water hole.   I thought it would be like a ha It's toy story four. Okay.  It's it's only The united states in america. We just happened to beat each other Just does that thing where just ignore all the previous characters Just like look at all those new characters at the underground toy club Where a half dead toy is like that's all good. I don't like anything in this movie No, it looks like three jokes Yes, you canada. Yes, you canada. It's called a carousel and The the high five that the guy didn't get I like that. Oh, yeah my god Me and mel didn't even We were gonna watch a different movie. We're gonna chill out instead. We went with this one Oh I I was almost in a position where I never would have had to see this movie Mm-hmm. You know what? I was doing I I was eating because Tomorrow I I'm gonna finish up this gears five review. So I'm powering through the campaign. That's what I was doing Before we started watching this. I gotta go back to that Now that it's like a it's not bad.  It's like, how dare you? I bet uh, I bet audiences loved it because they're like, uh, this is lights and shiny Well, the critics liked it.  I'm sorry story four Let's load this up Metascore is 84 from critics. It's a 8.0 from users That's very high. I don't know how anybody can do that You don't accept change. That's all You know, I'm sure there's a lot of people saying this can make complete sense Even though it doesn't make any sense at all Even though it toy story four is an immensely fun movie that caps off the series in a perfect way No, oh Not even slightly.  What'd you bring me?


So welcome to today's webinar, Introducing Data on Information and Communication Technologies. I'm Marguerita, I work at the UK Data Service and I'm based in Manchester. And today I'm presenting with Cara Booker, our research fellow at the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex. Right, before we start, just a couple of things. So all attendees are muted throughout the webinar so we won't be able to hear you. However, if you do have any comments or any questions, you can type them in the questions box, which you should see on the go-to-webinar interface. Also on the interface, you should see a expandable menu called the handouts. And I have uploaded a presentation in PDF format if any of you wants to download it before the end of the presentation and wants to note an air or click on the links or so on. That's available to you. It should also be available on our website a couple of days from today with the recording of the webinar if everything goes smoothly. Right, so before I start the actual presentation, I have a question for you. And I'm going to launch a poll and just to check that everybody can hear me. Right, you should see it appear on screen now. Okay, most of you have voted. Right, give it a couple more seconds, three, two, one. Oh, and as you can see, all of you can hear me, which is great. So the next slide is not necessary, fortunately. Right, so overview of today's webinar. I'm going to talk about some data on information and communication technologies. And I'm going to show you how to search and find it on our website. I'm also going to talk through the supporting documentation and useful resources that the UK Data Service holds. And then Kara will talk about her research. So she will give an overview of the aim of this study, the data used, which is understanding society, the methodology, and the discussion. And at the end, we'll take your questions. Right, so information and communication technologies are reshaping the world, transforming the way in which we communicate, work, manage crisis to business, and even spend our free time. And these changes, in turn, drive new policy development to address the societal impacts of digital technologies. So it's an important element of the social world, and there's lots of research that's being conducted around this topic. The UK Data Service holds data on a wide range of ICT topics, such as mobile communication, telework, social media, radio, television, internet use, mass media, security trust, and so on. These key research areas help you understand how the fast evolving world of digital technology impacts people, lives, and communities. And it also changes the way we interact, and that's why it is one of the key areas of interest for many social scientists. So many surveys collect data on information and communication technologies, but the information collected can vary. So the first task in the beginning to research ICT is to search for a good source of data. And that's where the UK Data Service can help. So for those who are unfamiliar with the UK Data Service, we provide a single point of access to a wide range of social science data. If you're new to the service and want to know more about how to search and access our data holdings, you can find many video tutorials, and there's a link here at the bottom, and especially if you've downloaded the slides, you'll be able to click on it. Right, just very quickly, let's talk about how to find and search for ICT-related data on our website. So this is our homepage, ucdataservice.ac.uk, and obviously you can type a keyword in our Discover search box, or you can go to data types if you already know which type of data you're looking for. So if it's census data, international data, longitudinal data, UK service, or so on. However, we do also have theme pages, and information and communication technologies is one of the themes that we have them on. So let me just give you short demonstration of these pages. So you get to them on our website, we're going to get data, and then data by theme, and this one is information and communication. So under the key data tab, so the first tab, you just find a list of the main studies that we hold that are related to ICT, and you can see, for example, the British cohort study, British social attitudes survey, community life survey, and so on. It gives you an idea of the coverage and of the topics. These are only the main studies, it's important to remember. So if you go onto the Discover search box, you can see the links for this Discover tab here. There's links to just all the range of studies related to information and communication, and just also links to discovering other resources that we hold. Under the Analyzing tab, we've got some video tutorials on how to visualize and analyze ICT data using our platforms. For example, Nesta and UKDS.stat. Under Research, we've got some examples of how data has been used in research, so our case studies. The first one is the research Kara is going to talk about later on. Then here, for example, we've got one about broadband access in the UK. Then last but not least, we've got a tab on internal and external resources that could help researchers conducting research on ICT. Right, so back to the presentation. I just wanted to give you a few examples of what kind of data statistics you'll find. So I just have some simple frequencies to show you. So for this one, I've used Nesta and the dataset that it comes from is the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Internet Access Module, January, February and March, 2014. And you can see there at the top. And the question that has been asked to respondents is do you or anyone in your household have access to the internet at home by any device, regardless of whether it is used? And you can see the percentage of people that responded yes, for example, which is 83.6%. The percentage who said no, don't know, refusal, and then the valid cases, the missing cases and so on. So this is an example of what kind of variables you'd find. And then I've got another example. This one comes from the Community Life Survey, 2014, 2015. And the question is, speak on the phone or video or audio call by the internet with family members or friends. So they're asking if they have these phone or video calls more than once a day, once a day, two to three times per week, about once a week. And I think these are really interesting statistics that you could find on surveys. And then my last example comes from the World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2014. And it's about internet users per 100 people, though, of all countries. As you can see, I've left the first one out, the one in pink, 98.2%. And I've got another question for you. So I'll give you a couple more seconds to look at this bar chart. And then I'm going to ask you, what do you think the first country then is? Let me just launch this poll. So which country had the highest number of internet users per 100 people in 2014, according to the World Bank? And let's see what you think. Right, you can see most of you have voted. Okay, interesting results. I'll give it a couple more seconds. And now I'm going to close the poll and let me share the results. Right, so 50% of you said Iceland, 4% of you said Latvia, 36% said China, 0% said Italy and 11% said Hawaii. And most of you were right. So it is Iceland and I'll show you in the next slide. So Iceland had the highest number of internet users per 100 people in 2014. Well done to whoever said that. Right, and then before I hand over to Kara, I'd just like to talk to you about accessing and downloading the data from the UK Data Service. So access to our data can come from different forms of license and access conditions. The different access arrangements reflect the risk of potential disclosure. All the data are anonymized, but if you had detailed information about say a person's job, which sector of work in the area they live in, as well as the age and gender and other information, there's a cost danger that in some cases you could identify who that person is. Most of our data is in the second category. So under the end user license, which only requires registration. So just a username and password. However, we do also have more restricted data sets, which come under special license or secure access. We've got a small number of open data sets, some international data sets, for example, DOECD, IMF and World Bank data are open. But as I said, if you're not registered with the UK Data Service, you should do so, and then you get access to most of our data. So other resources and support we offer. So we have webinars as this one. They do talk about research. They talk about data types. We also have webinars on particular software. So you can see all of those on our events pages. And we've also got face-to-face workshops. We have guides and video tutorials on different topics, data sets and methods. Case studies that showcase how researchers have used data. And then we have help. So we have a dedicated help desk. And we usually get back to our users within a couple of days. And there's also some very useful FAQs. And you can join our mailing list if you'd like to know what's happening in the service. You can sign up to get our newsletter, which is quarterly. And then we're on Twitter, like understanding societies, and we're on Facebook. And now let me hand over to Kara, who is going to talk to you about her research on screen-based media and youth well-being. Okay, hello, and thank you for attending this webinar. As Marguerita said, I'm going to talk to you on screen-based media use and youth well-being. So a recent off-com report published now a couple of years ago looked at technology and social media use among UK children and adolescents. And they found that 80% of adolescents 12 to 15 years old regularly viewed television. 69% of them used a mobile phone. 49% had a PC or laptop that they used. And 43% used a tablet. And among the same age group, we see that 71% use social networking sites regularly. And the most popular site, which they had a profile on, was Facebook. Although many of them had a profiling site on Facebook, most of them used other social networking, like Instagram or Twitter, more often. And something of note that I thought was interesting was that only 20% of 8 to 11-year-olds also have a social networking profile. So you can see that this starts young, either with parents putting their children up there so they can share with their friends or with other family members, and then it increases as they get older. And just as a comparison, 80% of 35 to 44-year-olds use social networking sites. And among this age group, 78% use them daily, as compared to 92% of 24 to 34-year-olds who use a social networking site daily. What we're really interested to look at is whether social networking is related in any way to adolescents' happiness. So in another report by the Good Childhood Report, which is put out by the Children's Society and the University of York in 2014, used a variety of data, including understanding society to look at well-being and happiness among children in the UK. And what they found was that your six and eight children rated their overall life satisfaction as 8.5 out of 10. So you can see that satisfaction is fairly high among these children. And again, with happiness, their happiness is quite high, 8.6 out of 10. There were differences by age, so younger children are happier than older children. So amongst, say, 10 to 15-year-olds and 10-year-olds are going to be happier than the 15-year-olds. And boys are typically report higher levels of happiness than girls. And when they looked at trends over several years, from 2000 to 2008, they found that among 11 to 15-year-olds, happiness increased. However, starting in 2009, the level of happiness decreased, and it hasn't really gone back up to the 2000-2008 levels. And there's a few reasons for this one, is that in 2009, understanding society started, so it could be a slightly different sample that was used compared to 2000 to 2008, which was more of British household panel. It could also be a reflection of the economic changes that was going on between 2008 and 2009. What was consistent, however, were that boys were consistently higher levels of happiness than girls. Although, when you look at different domains of happiness, for example, satisfaction with school, girls were more satisfied than boys. But the biggest difference was that boys were consistently happier with their appearance than girls. And this is a trend that has been getting wider over time and not narrower. So our research questions is what is the pattern of screen-based media use among UK young people, and is screen-based media use associated with well-being in the same population? So we used Understanding Society, which is a successor to the British household panel survey. British household panel survey members were included in Understanding Society starting from Wave 2. So we do have some people who have been in the study or have been in both the British household panel survey and now Understanding Society since 1991. It's an annual household survey in which we aim to interview all adults 16 years old and older in the household, and all young people tend to 15 years old. And then when those 15-year-olds turn 16, they become part of the adult panel. It was representative of the United Kingdom population in 2009. It's comprised of four sub-samples, and one of those sub-samples is an ethnic minority boost. I will just be using the general population sample. There's also a comparison sample for the ethnic minority boost and an innovation panel sub-sample. At Wave 1, which was in 2009-2010, there were over 100,000 individuals who were interviewed across three of those four samples. Some questions are asked annually and others are asked on a rotating basis, and I will explain a little bit more about that when we come to the questions that I used. So the youth panel of Understanding Society, as I said, is given to young people 10 to 15 years old. It's a paper pen questionnaire that they are given while the adults are given their questionnaire and the youth are usually given the questionnaire in a separate room than the adults in order to protect their confidentiality. Again, similar to the adult interview, there are some questions that are asked annually and some that are asked on rotating modules. At Wave 1, there were just under 5,000 young people who completed the questionnaire and a little bit more than half of them are male. Currently, five waves of data are available from the UK Data Service and it has just over 10,000 young people across the five waves who have participated in this youth panel. So we looked at the following questions. Hours spent on playing computer games on a school day, whether they use the internet for playing computer games, playing games on a games console, chatting on social networking sites such as Facebook and watching television. And we also have questions on happiness. We have six questions and we added those together and then we looked at the top 10% those who scored in the top 10%. We also use the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, which is a questionnaire that assesses young people's emotional difficulties. And again, we looked at the top 10%. So we looked at those who had particularly low well-being as compared to those with fewer problems or fewer problem behaviors. So first, we looked at who spends more time on these activities, whether boys or girls spend different amount of time, whether younger or older adolescents spend different amount of time doing different activities. And what you can see from this figure is that there is no difference in computer games between genders. However, older adolescents, 13 to 15, play more computer games than those who are 10 to 12.  And here, kind of the opposite of what we find earlier, younger people play on a games console. Girls tend to watch television and chat on social networking sites more than boys. Older adolescents use social networking sites more than younger adolescents. Again, not surprising seeing that some of these social networking sites do have an age limit at which you cannot join if you're too young. And there are no differences by age for watching television. And then looking to see if these activities are related to happiness, we looked at compared to those adolescents who reported doing any of these activities less than one hour a day, we looked at those who did activities once in three hours per day or four more hours per day. And this is during a school, your typical school day. So these kids are in school. So if they're doing any of these activities four more hours per day, it's quite obvious. And as you can see, those who played on computer games one to three hours a day were less happy, but no association between those playing four more hours a day. And that might be just because there were very few adolescents reporting playing four more hours a day. You see that games consoles, really, there was no significantly higher association between being less happy or more happy between kids who played less than one hour a day, reported playing games consoles less than one hour a day, and those who played more. We do see that social networking was associated with being less happy for those adolescents who reported chatting for one to three hours per day as compared to those who chatted less than one hour a day. There was no association for the lower amount of watching television compared to those who watched the least amount, but there was for those adolescents who reported watching TV for more hours per day were less happy than those who reported watching television for less than one hour. And then going on and looking at socio-emotional difficulties, so we're kind of now looking at the low well-being part of the scale. We see different patterns here, so we see no associations for any amounts of playing computer games, but we do see those who played games consoles pretty much more than one hour a day had more difficulties compared to those who reported playing games consoles for less than an hour a day. And like what we saw with social networking sites and happiness, we don't see an association for the moderate amount of social networking sites, so that from one to three hours, but we see those adolescents reported being on social networking sites for four or more hours per day had more difficulties. And here we see no association with television or we didn't see a slight association with happiness. So from this research, we concluded that there were different patterns of social screen media use behavior by both gender and age, and there was an association between screen-based media use and well-being. However, these associations differed by type of screen-based media use and the measure of well-being. So we kind of wanted to look at this a bit more and look at changes over time. So the analysis that I just showed you was from Wave 1, and it was just looking at a snapshot. It was looking at associations right as the study was starting. And we wanted to, now that we have five waves of data, we wanted to look at changes over time and whether social networking use and happiness change with age among UK young people and whether these changes are related. And again, looking at initial levels of social networking use and looking at or happiness and seeing if they're related with changes in the other over time. So this is kind of the overall model. It's very busy, but I hope to be able to explain it to you quite quickly. So at the top, you have social networking use between ages 10 and 15, so as adolescents get older, and we're going to look at their initial use, their level of initial use, that's the intercept, and then we're going to look at the slope, which is the change over time. And we do the same thing with happiness at the bottom. And we look to see if there's any differences by child's gender, by parental marital status, by their parents' ethnicity, and their parents' highest education qualifications. So what I did do is just split these up by males and females, because we saw at the beginning that males and females had higher levels of both social internet use and at levels of happiness. And here, it's just important to note that the top and the bottom, there's no arrows going from social internet, social networking use, and the intercept and happiness intercept, or between the slopes, or going across. So we do see that their adolescents increase their social networking use, males, over time, and their happiness decreases over time, but there's no association between those changes among males. And then among females, you get the same patterns where social networking use increases over time, however it increases more than males, and we see that happiness decreases, and again, happiness decreases more than males. But here we see that there is an association between the social networking use at the beginning and happiness at the beginning, in which we see that there are lower levels of social, those with lower levels of social networking use are happier with the converse, those who are happier use social networking less, and that we didn't see in voice. We can also see that girls whose mothers are Asian or other have lower levels of social net use at the beginning, and those with Asian mothers use social networking less as they get older. So looking at some of the strengths and limitations of this study, it is one of the first longitudinal studies to look at the associations between social networking use and happiness among young people, and it was taken from a large nationally representative sample. Unfortunately, we don't have information on non-school use days, and this is where looking at rotating modules versus annual modules come in. So they do ask about social networking use every year on the youth panel. However, they only ask about non-school days or use on the weekends every other year, and so therefore we weren't able to look at that. We also don't ask about social networking use on other platforms to smartphones and tablets, which most of you know is a much more common way of adolescents accessing their social network these days. However, when the study was planned and started out in the field in 2009, smartphones and tablets were much less common, and it's hard to get these changes into a study as big as understanding society so quickly. We also do not know why they use social networking, so other than chatting for friends, which is what the question asks about, you don't know if they use social networking for other kinds of information. Or which sites are used, which specific sites are used? Do they use Facebook for family and Twitter for friends or Instagram for school friends and Pinterest for other types of friends? We don't know this information. So we do want to look at non-school days and all of the things I just said used on different platforms the reason why they're using social networking apps. The quality of relationships with other users, are they talking to friends that they actually know from school or are they talking to friends that they met on these social networking sites? And the role of parents and policy makers, schools and when they use them and how they're able to use these social networking sites. So quickly I just want to acknowledge our funders from the ESRC who fund all of us, myself and my co-authors Professor Amanda Sacker and Yvonne Kelly who are at UCL and Dr. Alex Andes-Cue who's now at British Airways. There's more information you can contact me or you can contact anything about ICER from our newsletter or on Twitter or on Facebook. And that is me. Thank you very much. Thank you very much for attending. Thank you to Cara for presenting and our webinar and sharing all of this knowledge and have a good afternoon everyone.