Hello, my name is Gabi and first of all I want to thank Big Data Spain for having me here. Today I want to talk to you only about three things. I want to tell you about people's data and I want to tell you that I think that we as an industry, the fashion industry, we're going to be able to achieve something that we haven't achieved until now. We are going to be able to capture clothing habits from specific individuals. Then second thing I want to tell you is that with this data that we capture from specific individuals, we are going to be able to give it a structure. We're going to be able to understand it and build taste profiles in the same way that today Spotify perfectly understands what music I listen to. We call Closet Graphs to those taste profiles. Then third point I want to tell you about is Personal Assistance. I want to tell you that in my opinion Personal Assistance for your clothes, for your closet, for your outfits are going to come as a result of owning and understanding people's data. No one is going to create, no one is going to invent a fancy technology and then on top of that Personal Assistance are going to pop up. We're going to be using existing technologies. What is going to change is the availability of specific taste data. Before I tell you about these three things, I want to tell you a little bit about myself. One minute. I am the co-founder and CEO of Chiquísimo. We are super small. Three things I'm going to talk about. Before I do, a minute about myself, Chiquísimo. I'm the co-founder and CEO of Chiquísimo, which is a small technology startup. Some of you might know Chiquísimo because of our fashion app. We have a fashion app that helps women decide what to wear. But actually 100% of what we do is focused on building the infrastructure and the operations to create Personal Assistance for your closet. We want to know what you have in your closet, what specific clothes you have in your closet, what you take out of your closet and wear, and all the things that might be relevant to you, such as what occasions you attend to and how that affects your clothing habits and also how do you describe to yourself anything that has to do with your clothing needs and habits. We do build the infrastructure and the operations to make this happen, but we are company oriented towards the consumer. Everything we do, we ship it to the consumer as soon as possible. People's data. If you think about it, I'm going to use the example of music to describe what I think is going to happen or it's happening actually in the fashion space. If you think about it 25 years ago, when we listened to music, we were just listening to music. Today when we listen to music, we are sending our behavior, our specific behavior to some companies. And those companies, as a result of that, know what we listen to and have been able to build our technology. We have been able to build our taste profiles. Like 15 years ago, some people, me and some of the people, one of them is right here, we started building plugins and mechanisms to capture the behavior of people in the music space. So what we wanted to do is to understand what songs you listen to. So if you are listening to streets of Philadelphia, we would get that information through an ITUs plugin or other plugins. But then we soon learned that that information is very relevant, but there was another type of information that was also extremely relevant. So not only the item, but also the sequence in which you listen to music, the sequence in which you consume content. So when you scale these to many people, you start understanding the strength of the correlations that people establish among items when they consume those items together. Okay, this was 2003, 2004, so it was very early in the days of recommender systems. This was new. But there was a super interesting learning for us. Not only what you do, but also the sequence in which you consume content. And with scale, what we ended up building was what we call the matrix of association, like a huge brain that would understand what and how people or different subsets of people would consume this type of content. What the company was called at the time, music strands, we didn't make any money out of it, so we sold the technology to Apple, and now part of that technology is powering Apple music. We applied this concept of capturing data to the finance space, and we built FinTech in 2007. But then, when we got to the end of the world, we started another group of people. We started looking at the fashion space, and we thought, so there was an industry that had no idea about the specific behavior and taste of people, and a few years later, everything has changed, and the industry understands our behavior. Not the industry, but some specific companies within the industry. So that same shift happened in a number of segments. So the question we had was, will it happen in the fashion space? Will someone be able to create a capturing mechanism? So that's why we built Chiquisimo. We built Chiquisimo to create those capturing mechanisms. So what we wanted to do is giving an outfit, which is how you express your taste and your behavior. So given an outfit, how can we capture what specific clothes you have? So we built a website and a few mechanisms, and people share their content. What we learned when we got this information is the same as we learned in the music space. An outfit is a playlist. So when you get dressed every morning, you are establishing correlations among different items. You are saying that it makes sense to work two items together. So we not only started capturing specific items, but also the correlations that people would establish among those items. At scale, you start to understand how people combine clothes, different clothes, and brands, and anything. The result of all this is, again, a brain that understands how people combine their clothes, what people were, and how that evolves. Not only people, different groups of people, total and subsets. So we built what we call the social fashion graph, and this is a summary of the process that we had a couple of years ago, because now things have changed quite a bit. So given an outfit, we capture the correlations in that outfit, and on top of that, we built this graph of correlated items. And this system, this data platform, allows for a search and discovery experience. So given any input expressed by someone, I need ideas to go to school. I have a wedding in winter and I'm going to wear a red dress. With what should I combine it? So given an input, the graph does the job and then delivers an output. So this allows us to create an experience where people continue giving us further data about their needs and habits. Through the search engine and through other mechanisms. This is the consumer app. In case you don't know it, it has something that we call MyCloset, where you can store your digital clothes. You can tap on one of your items and it will give you ideas on how to work that item. It will tell you how other people are wearing that item. And it also tells you how you can combine that item with the rest of the items in your closet. So the consumer app is obviously a delivery mechanism.  But one of its main important roles is to serve as a tool to understand what interface is the most useful to capture whatever someone has in their head. So I have a need, I need to express it, what's the best interface to capture that need. Just a little bit of background to give you an idea of where the number one outfit is up in the world. It will be featured by Apple in 60 countries. And this is the distribution across countries. So it's basically Europe, the US, and Latin. And this is important because when we capture data, we capture data in different forms. And culture and language affect the type of data that we need to process. So first of all, we think that data from people is going to be the most heavy-capture, okay? But the fashion space is actually super complicated because it doesn't have a structure, okay? When you express your taste in music, and if a lot of people express the taste in music, they're going to use words and descriptors that the industry also uses. The type of music that you like, pop, rock, whatever. So in general, the taxonomies or the ontology that people use is the same as the taxonomy that the industry uses. So whenever somebody expresses an input, it is very easy to capture it and to understand it. In the fashion space, that doesn't happen. So when we looked at the data, we thought it was, we thought we were super cool because we had millions of unique, different descriptors, you know, describing people's taste, habits. But we understood that those, that chaotic and unstructured data was useless because our algorithms could not act upon it, okay? It was too complex, too unstructured. And what we did next is something that's been done in many other sectors, so it's nothing new, but it's actually quite new applied to the clothing segment. So we understood that the 200,000 descriptors, normally, sorry, the 200,000 descriptors cover 90% of people's input. So it's a huge long tail, okay? So we focused on those 200,000 descriptors. And looking at those descriptors, we understood that most of them refer to the same concepts. What is this? Someone could say, I need ideas to go to class. I need to decide what to wear to school tomorrow. Someone in Spain would say, I need ideas to go to El Colegio or the Instituto. So there are different ways of expressing the same concept. So we ended up creating a list of 2,500 concepts, and these concepts are a summary of 99% of the needs women have when they express their clothing needs or clothing habits, okay? So it grows little by little, but it's going to grow no much more than 2,500. So this is what we call our ontology, okay? The ontology is the backbone of our data platform, of our social fashion graph, and it is in charge of helping us convert and structure data, which is the problem in the fashion space, to data that we can understand and that our algorithms can work with, okay? So we have a lot of data, then we have a lot of clean data, so we have billions of structured data points, okay? And then one of the roles of the social fashion graph is to automatically attach the scriptors of the ontology to the outfits, to outfits and to people, okay? So as individuals communicate input to the device, okay? The ontology is transforming that input into understandable input and attaching it to the outfits and to people, okay? With this we can encapsulate what you've expressed in taste profiles, that's the way, like a spot if I would call it, or in closet graphs, which is how we call it. So a closet graph is a list of the clothes you have in your closet with very rich metadata, and that metadata defines your clothing trades, your clothing occasions, and whatever the scriptors are relevant to you when you get dressed. So, well, this is chiquisible. A data platform that receives data and forms a clean data set of correlated descriptors, outfits, and people, or bags of descriptors, that communicates with delivery mechanisms, with the consumer devices, okay? The consumer devices have an interface and content, and then they have incentives, you know? They have a number of habit forming technologies, and both the data platform and the consumer app talk to each other through the algorithms. So basically the algorithms, in our case, we have nine relevant algorithms. In our case, the job of the algorithms is to understand what descriptors are needed to deliver the right content for specific people input, okay? So, given a question by a user, the algorithm goes to content, goes to the social fashion graph, gets a number of looks, and chooses what descriptors of an outfit does it need to collect to return the right content for you. So basically I need ideas to go to a winter wedding with a red dress. So the algorithms bring you that content automatically. So the social fashion graph, consumer app, in the middle of the algorithms, and then a number of tools that we use and give us basically control, okay? All of this is patented in the U.S., the data capturing mechanism, the interfaces, and a system to tag fashion items with shopable products as well. So the way we see it, again, we're going to be able to capture data from people. By creating specific ontologies, we are going to be able to provide a structure to that data that we've captured. And as a result, we're going to see soon through personal assistance. And I'm going to describe now how I think this is going to happen. So if you think about digital clothes, this is an asset that is extremely recent, okay? Almost yesterday, brands didn't have their digital equivalent. And now, well, these garments, they do have their digital equivalent. And in most occasions, these clothes are listed as catalogs, are lists of clothes in the e-commerce website. And the role of the team there is to make sure that when somebody wants to find something, they can find it. So how can I add the correct metadata to my products? How do I build the browsing experience? What do I do with the search box? Okay? The problem is that there is a number of companies that have thousands or tens of thousands of different clothes, garments, in their website in any single day. Think of, I don't know, any large retailer, H&M, for example. You go to the website, you might see 200 garments, but actually behind all that noise, there are 20,000 garments. So what we're going to do, what I think we are seeing is some attempts from a few e-commerce companies or technology companies and brands to shift, to move from list of clothes to graphs of clothes. So what they are trying to do is to create, to offer the user mechanisms to go from one item to another. And these mechanisms are very different to the traditional browsing methods. So what we've seen, the technology that we've seen attempts these are recommended systems. If you're looking at an item, it shows you similar items. Okay? And a few companies employ these systems a couple of years ago. Okay? It didn't work for them. Now what we are seeing is the same concept but with different technology, basically MS recognition. So given an item, give me similar items. So what they are trying to do is they are trying to help you dig deeper into the catalog. So you not only see 500 items at a time, but you see, I don't know, 1,000 but are more relevant to you. What I think some companies are trying to achieve and some of them are closer than others is when someone is looking at a piece of garment and looking at a red sweater. The way I think about that red sweater is that it's comfy. It's that it is warm. It's ideal for the weekend. And it's, I don't know, tumbler style. So the way the company has classified that is as a red sweater. The way I classify that is as tumbler, warm, whatever. Okay? So somehow a few companies are enabling people to express the input, those descriptors, and that allows people to dig deeper into similar items according to the way I describe this item. So how can you, how can I find more clothes that are warm, that are tumbler style, and that are casual or for the weekend? Okay? So in order to do that, again, I think you need a couple of things. You need to own and to understand an ontology, so a list of descriptors that people use and that can be attached to your content. And you need a system for people to express themselves. Okay? So digital clothes are a new asset. Most of them are listed as catalogs, but some companies are trying to establish correlations among those items, especially if they have large catalogs, and especially if they have a discovery problem or a personalization problem. What I think is coming very soon is the combination of the graph of a shopper, so my closet graph, so my list of catalogs, my list of clothes, the list of clothes that I have in my closet, with the catalog of the e-commerce. Okay? So if both items, if I understand the ontology of both graphs, or if I've created the ontology of those graphs, I can easily match those graphs, so when someone comes to my e-commerce, I can tell them what from my e-commerce, from my catalog, they're going to like. But also as a user, when I go to a website, I'm going to be able to see what from your catalog fits my existing closet. So this is an example that we are not going to see in the short term, because it depends on, you know, a number of companies shipping it, and it's not going to be easy for them. But if you are looking at a piece of an item, what you want to see is how an item combines with what you have in your closet. Okay? Or you're going to be told how an item, how you can build outfits with what you are seeing and what you already own in your closet. Okay? So the two former use cases are going to take, I would say, some years. But there's another use case that could take a few months or maybe some weeks, which is the use case in which you go to a store, you scan a product, and this is not going to happen in all stores, you scan a product, and in real time, you are told your device tells you how that item combines with your clothes. So what specific outfits you can build with this item that you are looking at. And this is the beginning for me, for us, of personal assistance. So I think everything is going to change. I think we are in the fashion space where in the same moment as music was in 2006, there's lots of things happening, a lot of noise, lots of technologies, but there is, you know, we might see in the future a few unicorns with technologies being adopted by a lot of people. Technologies being adopted by a lot of people because they power very useful use cases. And what we've learned from feedback from millions of users is that the single biggest problem that people have is how to combine their clothes. There are different ways to express this. How to combine my clothes, how to combine colors, how to decide my looks more easily. I want to feel more confident when I go out to the office or the school or, you know, I know how to combine my clothes, but I want to innovate. I want to change, I want to risk a little bit. But combinations of the same problem, how to combine items. I mean, machine learning has solved this problem decades ago. The problem in fashion is that we do not have the data. We do not have the item, the described item. So that's the problem that people have the way we see it. But then the biggest opportunity for the fashion industry is to be able to build a mechanism to capture and to understand people's clothes and people's habits. And we think this is going to happen in five years. So close to data is going to be captured. Personal assistants are going to help us make decisions. And this is not something that is going to be owned by the industry. It's going to be owned, we think, by a few tech companies in the same way that the music consumers own also by a few companies. So it's a very large market. It's a very large market market. It's now owned by a number of companies, but maybe five years from now the ownership of this segment is changed. We think that. So a number of players that are looking closely into this space, what are the technology companies that want your attention because they want to sell you data or they want to sell you ads or they want to sell you clothes. So these tech companies, they're fighting, they're building the foundation to own the attention of people. Then there is obviously a number of companies that are very interested in understanding trends, but not trends as we define them now. So there's a number of companies who want to know if there is a brand in South Korea or in South Korea whose sales have multiplied by three in the last week, they need to find out as soon as possible. So that's what we refer to when we say trends. And then another type of companies are hardware manufacturers, like Samsung and others. A lot of people have talked about smart mirrors and personal assistants, but what these companies are doing is giving an input, giving a garment that you might buy, I'm going to tell you what other garments which are similar to these you might also like. So the software that is powering those smart mirrors, it needs to evolve. So a clear problem is that there are a lot of companies that we think is going to be solved by technology because there is a huge opportunity at stake. So this is what I wanted to tell you today. People's data encapsulating taste and then serving people automatically. If there is anyone kind of building similar things, I would love to talk later. So if you have any questions, please. So this is a question there. So the question is we are going to build this for men. I mean, eventually the industry will offer this to men, but today the sources of data, the interest doesn't lie on men, it's what women is. And then for men it's like a copy paste. This is another question. Which was the first value proposal of the app before gathering all this data? How did you obtain the data in the first stage? Yeah, so one of the things that I said before is that we've always thought, so in the past we've done lots of things focusing on the algorithm. In this project we are focused on shipping because we think it helps you learn quite a bit. So the first thing we did was we built a WordPress and we emailed people asking for their outfits and they would send us their outfits with a description of what they were wearing and what it took off. And the first technology that we built was we hire a developer from China and we paid $80 for a voting mechanism. So the voting mechanism is also a way to express your taste. So it was super basic. So as soon as we had the idea, we shipped it. Thanks. There's another question here. Hi. Yes. So I see two problems or potential problems here which is one that people don't have a lot of clothes. I mean we joke about it but we don't really have that many clothes to really know that much. Now on the other hand, taste and clothes changes over time probably very quickly. How do you deal with this? How do you want to deal with this? Yeah. So we ask our users lots of questions and one of the questions that we ask and we love the data we get is what do you think about your closet, about your physical closet, about your clothes? And I would tell you that maybe 5% think they have a very little amount of clothes. So most of them think it's boring. A lot of people think they have duplicated clothes. Clothes they don't use. Very few people love their closet. Okay. So what we found out actually a couple of years ago is that clothes and brands are very important that describe in your taste. But there are many other elements that are critical to describe your taste. As I said before, normally related to occasions, like special everyday occasions. Okay. And different descriptors how do you describe yourself? Okay. So for many people going to the office five days a week having to choose five different outfits, you know, and those outfits kind of send something to their peers. It's a problem. But it's a problem full of descriptors. And then about taste, about how taste evolves. Also we've seen it before in other sectors. I mean, in the music space what we saw early early on. You might like ACTC, but you might also like Beethoven. Okay. So I mean, there is two different items that you are kind of interacting with. But the context in which you interact with them is different. So evolution is also tracked. Because one of the pieces of metadata is time as well. I mean, time meaning you like this today. You express an interest for this today. You buy this item today. And we see also how, I mean, I was, there has been a lot of, the brand Nike has been in news lately quite a bit. And we looked at how Nike and Adidas had evolved over time. And obviously they've evolved a lot. One of them has gone down. The other one has gone up. So yeah, things evolve. But you track that. So any other question? Well, thank you very much.


What's going on everyone Sam here late in sports cards for been one box of 2022 bowman chrome baseball HDA choice for Greg be it's good luck. You're great. See what we got buddy a couple of greens in here Never a bad thing never we've got Willie Vasquez 37 out of 99 true green for the race Nice one there congrats on the first hit there Greg. We've got base on it For the Cubs Liam Spence not numbered on the first.  I would say Steve. I don't think I'm not gonna get to everybody in queue tonight But I don't believe we have any football Yeah, personals are full right now. My hell or Michael Then we've got Jorge Barossa 73 out of 99 green atomic going for the diamond backs. There you go, Greg That'll do it for your break there Greg. Thanks again for the support man. We'll get them right out to you, buddy


I'm talking about welcome to the Subcommittee on Land Management of the Amherst Conservation Commission. It is 1205. And this is Alex Horst speaking. Bruce Steadman is with us. Michelle Lobb, Aaron Jock, and Dave Zomak. And we have an agenda on the web, which we're going to proceed with. If we have any members of the public present, Aaron, I can't see them. So would you let me know? Absolutely. Yeah, we have we do have one member of the public. But if they raise their hand, I'll let you know. OK, good. So hello, Dave. Hello, everybody. Yeah. So what I wanted to do this morning is postpone talking about priorities and do justice to those who have done some work in the past that we haven't had time to cover. So Michelle did has done some work. I think Bruce has done some work. I've done some work. And if we could cover those items, start to get caught up. I really don't want to assign people doing new work without covering what they've already done. And frankly, adding the should we have more question adds a layer of complexity that takes some time and be interesting to see how we're doing there. So I'd like to start if I could just because I have it handy with the forestry section. Which I modified and that went out on September 28. I can share my screen and bring it up. And also if I could, we'll finish up on part of the garden community that has to do with the rules. I talked to Angela this morning. They don't have any rules posted. And they're expecting to change them. So I don't know whether what we're doing is useful to them or not. So I feel like we should probably get done with that and move it on. They're going to open up registration for the community garden in 2024 in February, or first part of February. Is that OK with everybody? And frankly, I couldn't find, I wasn't sure that I was looking at Bruce's most recent work or Michelle's most recent work. So when we get to that, you'll have to help me out. And you share my screen or can I share my screen, Erin? You should be able to share if you have trouble. Let me know. Yeah, OK, I can see the share. Good, so I have open what I want to share. Can you see that? Yes. You could say forest management at the top. And then when I submitted it, so with your indulgence, I'll quickly go down through what I did here and highlight what I think is the biggest change that's worthy of some discussion. The rest of it is editorial type stuff. So I'm not going to read it. I'm just going to go through the points that I changed. And that begins in the second line with five purposes. And saying that the Commission implements forest management for five purposes, salvage and ecological restoration. And I'll be honest, I'm not quite sure what ecological restoration is. Wildlife management, climate resilience was added. I'm not quite sure what climate resilience is. And I didn't try and define it. Education and recreation. Then I added a line saying harvesting standing trees for firewood and timber is not a Commission purpose for forest management. And that takes a different slant. And that is the one change that I think is worthy of discussion. And we'll come back to it. My reason is pretty simple, but I'll come back to it. The rest of it, the few word changes, individual word changes aren't really worth going through. It does say that we will prepare appropriate forest cutting plans profiling with the state to allow for a salvage of trees downed by high wind events and for harvesting trees to enhance wildlife habitat on conservation land. And that will get wrapped into our discussion about the sentence up there about commercial harvest not being a purpose. There is a section in here that was already written that says that we will not sell carbon credits. I didn't write that. I don't know the background. I left it. If you want to talk about it, we can. Since I changed, set this out where it says because of the ecological value of wildlife, the commission will one favor and promote trees and shrubs of produce mast, hard mast, and soft mast. I wrote legacy trees, meaning big trees. And then I realized later that we're not going to be planting trees as part of forest management in people's names. And I didn't realize that that's a meaning for legacy trees. So today I crossed it out. Large white pines, they're really important for bears. And large stands of unbroken canopies, which are important for certain species of birds, which I didn't go into, but that's the reason that's there. And leaving, standing, going to change here. Leaving standing dead trees that do not pose a safety risk to people or property. Dead trees are really good for wildlife. Lots of things live in them. Lots of things depend on the critters that live in them. So unless a tree is on a trail and going to cause a safety risk for people walking by, I just wrote that we would favor leaving them. And the commission will maintain an inventory and map for the forest land. I don't know if there is an inventory now. Dave can probably shed some light on that. But I would like to see us inventory our forest. And then I listed giving a minimum of acreage stand type composition and the size of the stand with unbroken canopies. That's it. Those are, that's all I did to that. And so I'd like to go back for discussion on the sentence that I, if you have any questions other than the sentence about commercial harvest, please, I'll stop so you can proceed, Michelle. Thanks. I'm good with the not commercial harvest as part of our intent. I just had a question about salvage. That can get sort of tricky sometimes. And in some cases abused, I'm not saying we're at great risk at that. But salvage can be like, well, say there's a bunch of downed trees, do we want to leave them down as habitat? Because downed wood is also very important for the ecology of forest. Or is there going an insect outbreak? Sometimes there's a big jump to salvage those trees under the assumption that it's going to stop an insect outbreak, and almost that never is the case, as in it doesn't stop the insect outbreak. But I guess on the West Coast, we're really careful about saying salvage because it can just lead to maybe things without ecological intent and more of taking the trees away. So it's just like kind of a trigger word for me. And I wanted to make sure that we're, what do we mean by salvage and what are the right circumstances to do it? Yeah. Anybody else have any comments on that? I'll respond. But anybody else got any comments on that topic? I have a question. Go ahead. By do you mean that the trees are still standing or that they fell over in one of these events? I envisioned falling over. Yeah. I think I did mention causes for high wind events where we've got a tangle of trees. So I think, yeah, this is a good little discussion. I think I hear you, Michelle, given the small nature, I mean, the number of acres we have. I mean, we're not talking thousands of acres here. We're not talking millions of acres. I think the commission, the town, would have a whole lot more control over what, you know, what the purpose of a forest cut might be. I don't, I agree with you, Michelle. I don't see a lot of room for abuse, if you will. The one thing, one example I could think of was like, we do have a fair number of red pine stands on conservation land. So they are subject, and I'm not going to get it because I wasn't thinking of this. What is the root? They get a root. I believe it's an insect. I'm so, so like. Can I get a pine bark beetle? Yeah, something like that. So like I could see where you could say, oh, that entire stand is dying because it spreads via roots, right? So do we, for safety purposes, do we take down, I'm actually thinking of, I would actually behind my house in South Amherst. There's conservation land with red pine on it. So do we take down a decent amount? Do we salvage the red pine, get it out of there because it's going to become a safety issue, you know, and fall down on the trail and potentially hurt somebody? Something like that, I don't know. I'm just shooting from the hip here. I wasn't really thinking through this much, but you know, that might be kind of a, oh, you know, we need to think about how much of this, let's not just take down five, let's take down, you know, 45 and be done with it because we have a contractor in there or something like that. So I don't know if that really fits where you were going, Michelle, or your concern. Yeah, I mean, I feel like red pine sort of a different story because those are all, I don't know if they're non-native, but they're like planted and yeah. So yeah, I guess it's just salvage also entails like some monetary, I think that word means some like monetary outcome. So that was just my concern. I don't really have a big problem with it. I just wanted to make sure that we're all on the same page. Gotcha, okay. That to me, the salvage means that the trees would not have been cut but for some event. And there's lots of room for a decision and management of it. So none of these purposes are defined. And like salvage is not defined, none of them are defined. The following sentence, put some sideboards on salvage where the town is not gonna have timber sales. I don't think that the reason I put that in there is we have so little forest that the timber industry in Western Massachusetts is by no means dependent on nor is it influenced by whatever the town of Amherst can contribute. And our forest looks pretty much like any other neighboring forest. And I think we have an opportunity to do something else with our forest land, which is probably not happening on neighboring forests. So that's why I wrote that. I think Bruce, you have your hand up there too. And I'm sorry, Bruce, go ahead. No worries. Unless I missed it towards the end, I wonder if sometime down the road, we're gonna wanna look at the question of the balance about standing forest versus solar arrays. I've tried to start looking into it. I've read at least part of the report that Mass Audubon did with the Harvard Forest team. I'm trying to get my head around all the different pieces of a pretty thorny question. And I don't know whether adding a section to this is a good idea or it should just be a whole separate thing. I also wondered if there was an opportunity by what mechanism, Dave and Aaron, could we have a conversation with our colleague who is on the Solar By-Loc Committee and might be able to help us think about this without it being something where it's, the open meeting law is problematic in some way. So. What is the question you're trying to address there, Bruce? Trying to figure out if there's something in those land use policy that should talk about the link between forest cutting and solar arrays. So, and maybe it's not the right place for it, but we have a town committee and is trying to write a Solar By-Loc. I don't feel like I know anything about where they are or what they've done. And we have a conservation commissioner who goes to is part of that committee. So I was just trying to learn more before I suggest that we do something. I have a thought on that, but I know Aaron's hand is up. So why don't you jump in there and if that's okay with you, Alex? Yeah, I just had a couple of comments. There was a wild lands and woodlands report which recently came out. It's a regional report from the former director of the Harvard forest. And it's a major push on public lands for, it's basically advocating for wild lands. So a sort of minimal management strategies on public space, public open space. So I just thought that might be an interesting thing for commissioners to refer to. I was involved with the June 6th, 2011 tornado when I worked in Sturbridge and there was a huge salvage free for all that happened after that tornado hit where by state agencies went in and basically clear cut all of the trees that came down during the tornado. And I think it was a little bit overboard, but I will say one comment relative to that is that sometimes during those storm events it does impact the flow of streams or the movement of water which can cause flooding and impact neighbors. And so just to keep that in mind and or if we wanted to have a policy relative to if an incident impacted water flow that that would be considered an emergency because in some cases it can flood roads or cause problems with washouts and things. To Bruce's question as far as solar on conservation lands I don't think that's gonna be much of an issue because typically structures are not permitted on conservation lands. So like lands that are acquired through article 97 or conservation through CPA they're not gonna be permitted to have structures on them under under state law. So I just wanted to mention that and that's all. Go ahead and make a follow up to Aaron's just. So that helps me think about this document and this committee. Does that mean that we're only talking about forest policy on lands that the conservation commission has jurisdiction over? That's our turn. And that goes to the sideboards. Okay, thank you. And that's if I could, Alex that's kind of where I was going prior to Aaron jumping in there is Bruce saying I was kind of distinguishing between what the commission's policy regarding lands they have authority over versus the broader should we be cutting forests on private land in Amherst that's something the commission certainly could weigh in on relative to the solar bylaw working groups draft bylaw which is coming out it should be if it's not out in the public yet it should be out in the public arena before the after Thanksgiving. So certainly the commission could weigh in on that and I might encourage the commission to look at that. So is that policy hit all Bachman's desk yet? I don't know if it has yet or not but it is soon if not it will soon be turned over to Paul. So could I make two other quick comments on anything related to forest cutting and harvesting? I just wanted to put it out there that in the past one thing we have done not extensively but there have been situations where we have actually felled trees on Amherst conservation land and milled them and use them for bridges and boardwalks on Amherst conservation land which I actually think is a really frankly a good use of this is a very small we didn't do a zillion board feet or anything but I just wanted to put it out there that I do think that wood for boardwalks comes from somewhere, right? It has to be shipped. You buy a piece of wood at Home Depot in all likelihood it could have been milled in the U.S. shipped to China and then shipped all the way back with the incredible markup and you buy it again at Home Depot. So I do think this policy should allow for some flexibility there for some sort of modest harvesting by the town to use that timber. I'm thinking of like white oak, particularly white oak, red oak can be very good for boardwalks and things like that. The other thing I just wanted to put out there not to complicate our lives but we do have the black walnut trees at the Fort River Farm that were that I negotiated with the previous owner to leave at the Fort River Farm and someday we have been gently managing those black walnut trees and at some point down the future, in the future they will be worth a decent amount of money and I think we ought to keep that, the opportunity to harvest those black walnut trees as a possibility for income for the town and or the department. Yeah, given the size of those, I've just seen them from a distance. Yep. I doubt you'll be harvesting them in your lifetime. Well, you never know, I have longevity in my family, I'll explain. No, you're talking, yeah, you're probably 25 years from now they could be worth a whole lot of money for the town. I just wanted to put that out there. The other thing is I noticed, I guess this is a question for whoever wrote this or edited this. We haven't talked at all about carbon credits and I noticed there's that one liner in there. Yeah. Put somebody comment on carbon credits and the pros and cons. I wanna get back to Dave's first question. Oh yeah, I like that idea back to the harvesting for onsite, so that's just my two cents real quick because it has a sustainability element to it. The carbon thing and I think Erin was on the concom when this came up first, I think it was Fletcher and Laura who wanted to add this and I don't really know enough about it but they were very cautious about considering this and seemed like it's a very fast developing market that isn't well-regulated all the time and anyway, they had a lot of caution, advise a lot of caution and I think maybe one of them put it in there but Erin, is that what you remember? Yeah, they brought it up and then I did some research on the back end after the question was raised and apparently what a lot of companies will do who need carbon credits, they'll contact cities and towns that have lands that are already preserved and try to purchase the carbon credits from them and the concern there is that it's not really, they're not really purchasing the carbon credits because technically if they're purchasing the carbon credits they should be purchasing the land that's associated with the carbon credits so it's kind of like a almost like a double dipping type situation and I guess a lot of companies are capitalizing on that so that's kind of the back story of how it came up and some of the research I did on it led to that conclusion. I just think we should do, I hear you on that but I think we should do a little more research on that. I'm cautious, very cautious about them but what I have heard is that for instance, municipalities, land trusts have sold carbon credits to companies and then put that money back into land acquisition or a land trust or municipalities so I think that achieves the goal, part of the goal is to protect more land and so anyway, I just like to look into carbon credits a little bit more, I'm very cautious about them, don't get me wrong, I've heard and read some of the very same things as you Erin and others so I know it, yeah. I support maybe reconsidering that if we can put boundaries on it, like it needs to be used for additional land acquisition because we're already saying here that we're not gonna cut our forests so it would seem like double dipping so anyway, that's just where I stand. Gotcha. Thank you, Bruce. We're gonna look into them more so nevermind. Okay, a comment about carbon credits and selling them. When I was working dealing with mitigation, we didn't favor people preserving land that already had good habitat on it because it already exists and they wanted to buy that land which had no threat and call it mitigation, we didn't like that and in terms of buying carbon credits that forest is already storing carbon and by selling the carbon credit allows somebody else to pollute so if we're gonna reconsider it let's consider what it actually does. Yeah, that was a lot of the backstory that I read as well. So going back to the white oak tree or the red oak tree for planks, there is a, in the up in the beginning second sentence it has the word recreation. So you could say that we manage conservation land parcels to meet the objectives one of which is recreation so you could probably work your way into cutting a tree to build a bridge but to get equipment in there to harvest the tree. I mean, I looked into cutting trees on my own property to build my own cabin because of the romance and glamor of the idea and by the time I tried to do that it was cheaper to buy it but if you're gonna go in and cut trees to saw them up from planks on a bridge you have to have access, you have to get it to the mill and so all of that, getting to the tree, getting it out is part of the impact of cutting and if you're gonna do that all of that should go into whether or not to cut those trees to build bridges or saw planks. So what is the, what's the zone of influence? So that trees right next to an existing road and you're gonna take it out anyway, great. But no sense in building a quarter mile access road to get a few trees to help build bridges. No, we would never do that but I'm thinking of Lawrence Swamp is where we did this and there are many, there's a whole myriad of woods roads that are already in Lawrence Swamp but what we did actually in one case was we did, we did saw some timber and some planks but we also, we just felt, I think we felt some maples and we actually built a bridge, a simple bridge over a small stream with the trees themselves. We didn't even cut them, we didn't even saw them up. We harvested them right where they stood and then we basically dragged them and lifted them to the stream and installed a very simple crossing there. So those are the kinds of situations. I would just, I always like to add the word passive recreation into these. Does anybody have a problem with that? Because I just know future generations and current generations, when they read recreation in any conservation related thing, I interpret that as, could be active recreation. So I always like to passive to me says trails and hiking and running and not soccer fields and playgrounds and jungle gyms but maybe that's my own background. comments, Michelle, Bruce, Michelle. Bruce is first, go ahead. Just I want to remind all ourselves this is a policy document and we can, we should have language and simply says that a commission would have to authorize any cutting plan for the conservation land that they have to be a full report outlining all the details of the stuff we've mentioned in this conversation and try to keep it so we're not adding too much detail to the document. Michelle. I just wanted to say that can we add passive recreation to our word list or glossary? And Karen, are you taking notes on this or should I write that down or what's our process? I do think we should specify it but also just say what exactly it is. I don't have a problem with adding passive next to recreation, but we don't describe education. We don't describe habitat management. We don't describe anything. There aren't any adjective. Well, we've got ecological restoration. I don't have a problem with putting passive in and I'd like the idea of putting in the glossary and I can add a regulatory type sentence but I noticed that we're at 36 minutes past the hour and I do want to give time to Michelle and Bruce and I'm happy to move this along if we can make the changes and come back that might save time during this meeting. Any comments? I feel like Alex has done really good work. We should have a clean version for the next time that has only the remaining questions that are in his mind still undecided. I do think we should add a terms, defined terms page to the document but I think we should wait until the end and maybe go through and highlight those and add them one at a time but I'm completely fine with adding those and I do kind of take notes during these meetings as well. Yeah, okay. I favor doing it as they come up, that way you don't forget but that's a small point. I can clean version. This version came out in August. You'll notice that it has a date in the front. I wanted to have a discussion on file naming because frankly, I had trouble finding this and I had to go back to the email that I sent it to Aaron and were to find it but that's a whole nother topic and I'm getting lost in the various versions. So, so far we have all comments, all changes preserved in what we're working on and what Bruce has suggested is having a clean version to work from. I need- It feels like we've gotten far enough along on this one that we're ready for that to me. Okay, so your comment was about forest management. For this section. Yeah, okay, I'm fine with that. Okay, if we're done with that, I want, we're halfway through and Michelle hasn't had a chance to say anything about her work nor is Bruce. So, I'm gonna cut off here and hand it over to either one who wants to go next. You can go ahead, Bruce. Okay, can I, am I able to share my screen? You should be able to, Bruce. Yeah, there we go. Okay, we worked on this in a previous meeting. So, this is general rules and regulations. I took, prior to the time we actually looked at it this way, I took the old one, I reorganized it and then I let what I felt like I left a few questions. You can see that there's a, in this case, I had a comment about what Michelle had done and I wasn't sure what it meant. And I'm just gonna scroll down to show the structure. And then Alex and Erin made a comment about designated trails. We talked about having an appending, the map and the appendix. In this section right here about watercraft, there was a modestly long discussion and this is my understanding of where we ended up, except for the mispronouncing of, that's wrong. The news, sorry about that. And then I think the only other thing that is still in here that we had last time for some reason in my notes, I underlined this and I don't know why I did that, but if someone can say whether they just like it or like it or we'll go from there. But that's sort of where we ended up. So I believe we're pretty close to a revised version of this section that could be incorporated into a complete version that the commission could look at once we solve some of these little things. Yeah, there was also comments about hunting. Hunting, let's see, where is the hunting part? It's up above. Worth is hunting, fishing and hunting. Fishing and hunting, yeah. So I made a comment, you might recall that given our definition of our mission, first word is protect and hunting doesn't protect anything. So, and I also looked at where people can hunt. It's on the mass, the Amherst website identifies all kinds of places people can hunt and there's a whole discussion to be had on where the boundaries are for Lawrence Swamp and how does somebody know they're on one parcel and another. But anyways, my basic point was that hunting appears to be contrary to the mission that we state very early in this document. Remember, we talked about catch and release fishing and then Aaron commented that they'd have to, we'd have to post all the land where hunting is not permitted but not all conservation land allows hunting only certain parcels. And I don't know if the parcels where no hunting is allowed are posted. So you can go to the town website and look up where you can hunt. Holyoke range, well, it's not the entire range. It's only Amherst conservation area that we're talking about and so on. So that's a fairly complicated issue and something that warrants some discussion, I think before we go back to the best of the body. Okay, is that so for you, do you wanna put that on the agenda for the next time as a concentrated 15 minute discussion? Sure. Okay, I'm fine with that. Michelle? I think there's another thing that we should probably take some time with which is the dogs, the rules around dogs. I don't know if we reviewed it or if we kicked the can on that one. I kind of feel like we- Thanks a lot. Yeah, just my comment is that we might wanna spend a little time on this section. I don't know, yeah, the hunting is, anyway, that was kind of my own, I don't know where you wanna start with it, but ready. Dave's comment when we brought that up is do we really wanna bring that topic up? Can I jump in, Alex? I think the dog conversation and the hunting conversation, I think in my mind, this is the time, this is the group and this is the time to bring these up and wrestle with them in depth because as you mentioned, is that gonna go, Alex? But you said before we bring it to the larger body. So I think this is the group, this is the arena, this is the space we need to really dig into these issues, have robust conversations, agree, agree to disagree, because I think once we bring them to the larger body, because ultimately this policy needs to come to a vote, that's when the proverbial rubber hits the road or whatever. So, and dogs and hunting are really hot button issues in this town, but also in this valley. So I agree, we should dig a little deeper on both of these. I would just add, I agree with the Alex, looking at hunting and fishing, there's some interesting complexities there, frankly, you couldn't even be consistent with fishing unless you made it all catch and release, right? You can't have a put and take fishery as we do, for instance, at Puffer's pond, we'd have to change that to put and, excuse me, catch and release. But on dogs, I quickly skimmed this and one thing that came to mind, the last bullet, dog handlers must bag and pick up their dog's feces, blah, blah, blah. It occurred to me that I'd like to have a deeper conversation. I'm not sure why we allow dog walkers and dog handlers, they're essentially profiting by using this public space. And so I don't know, that's an intriguing dog walkers, we have some of the most intense and consistent problems with dog walkers on down conservation land. So it occurs to me like, I'd love to have that conversation in a deeper way. Anyway, I'll stop there, but I agree with Michelle. And I suggest that we have an entire hour on dogs and we'll probably eat up a better part of an hour on hunting. And Dave, just so that you know, I did get on the web and looked up the maps for every single place where hunting is allowed. And I don't know if the boundaries are flagged in the woods, whether I would know when I'm on swamp land or those categories of forests that are right next to it. And you know, if somebody is gonna, there's a, from a public standpoint, there's a huge difference between somebody bow hunting, which is quiet and somebody using a black powder rifle, which is allowed in Massachusetts, within 500 feet of a residence, I think people would go ballistic if they had somebody in a deer stand within 500 feet of their house blasting away at dawn. So that's just part of that discussion. Yeah, it's complex, we should spend an hour on it. Yeah, I don't wanna, I wanna, I've done enough for this for right now, I think. And let's go to Michelle so that we know by the end of the hour, where we all are. We're catching up, we're catching up. We're gonna- Can I just ask a question back to Watercraft? Cause I got confused reading this, but just to clarify, Bruce, do you think you could just scroll up to it? Is motorized boats allowed anywhere? Like I'm just wondering why we're specifying two places. Like it kind of leads me to be like, well, where can I bring a motorized boat? Should we just have a period there, or are there actual places where you could have a motorized boat, motorized waterfront? Well, this is just where we ended up after the last conversation. Well, if you wanna scratch the places, it might just, as long as that's actually what we mean. Well, I'll just leave it in for now, we'll come back like that and then we'll come back to it. Okay, and I think, Dave, to your point about the professional dog walkers, I've seen like limits on number of dogs and if they are over that, maybe sometimes they need a permit or it's just not allowed, but I can maybe just do some Googling and see what other places do. That sounds good. Yeah, it just struck me that you have a commercial venture using our, and we generally frown on commercial ventures using public land. So. Do we have professional dog walkers in town? Yes, we do. There's a lot of dogs in this town. They actually come to Amherst Conservation Land from other towns as far away as Brattleboro, Vermont. Wow. There is one dog walker who lives in Brattleboro, but their business is Amherst based and they have been observed walking five to seven dogs at once off and on leash. So yeah, very consistently. So yeah, more on that. Okay. Well, we'll have a. I'm withdrawing my sharing. Yeah, Michelle, let's hear about the work that you did if you're ready. You're on mute. I don't have anything ready to put on my screen. Do you have a version with my edits that you could put up? That would have to be Aaron. Okay. I can look. I think it was their research on public lands. Yeah. I think you've covered that before. Okay. Well, then I don't know. It's been a while since we revisited this. Was there somebody going to cover agriculture? Bruce, was that you? No, I haven't started. Okay. That's been a couple of weeks. And then Michelle, you had another topic. Yeah. So I could ask questions for guidance because that is something I wanted to do. So my big topic was like managing like for climate change and sustainability. And I had a couple of ideas. So one is I found a list in the open space and management plan of all of our properties. And I've asked some biologists for advice on how to approach this, but I think having some kind of, not necessarily a database, but just a table of what habitats we have and what species are present might be useful and sort of guiding where our efforts could be. And then like for sensitive species, looking into their recommended, like state recommended climate management criteria or habitat management criteria. So that was my idea. And before I dove down into it, which I could do this Thanksgiving break, I just wanted to know if that's a worthwhile thing. And if so, like what kind of columns would you guys think would be useful to have on this table with the associated properties that Amherst holds? Are you talking plants? Hold on, Bruce. Are you talking plants? I'm like more like forest, early successional grassland. And maybe, you know, like is it mode? Or like, you know, it doesn't have public trails. Is it what's the purpose? Is it for wetland? There's no public access. I mean, watershed, is there no public access? Like some basic criteria to sort of get a sense of what we're even talking about managing. Cause that's something I feel like I need to see before I dive down, like what to do. Okay. Bruce. I went through all my remarks earlier. I have a whole agricultural thing that's gone through a couple of meetings and I could show it now or save it to the next time. Okay. Dave. I'm just commenting, responding to Michelle and I'm curious if Erin wanted to weigh in. So I guess my first response, Michelle, is yes. I think we need, we have never had that in my tenure nor the tenure of the previous conservation director. Have we really had that level of detailed approach to land management clearly 20, 30, 40 years ago climate change was not where it is today on our horizon and one of our layers of consideration. But as you were speaking, I was thinking, now again, cost, time, resources are everybody's concern here. We don't have unlimited resources. So how do we get to that level of information that we need to guide us moving forward? So I started to think about, well, what are those, what is the natural heritage information that we have on Amherst and the land that we manage and adjacent land? So rare and endangered species information, obviously with that climate resiliency lens, you mentioned the habitat types that we currently manage for. And really, we don't do any forest management to speak of. So it's mainly early successional habitat. And then thinking of like other layers that we can mine from bio map, what is it, caps, right? You know, Scott Jackson's work and all of that to really say, okay, where are those special places in Amherst? Cause it's not all special, right? Alex, you said this earlier. A lot of it is just, hey, we got a lot of that. We got a lot of that. It's kind of like that, you know? But there are rare and endangered species in Amherst and many of them may be the first ones to be in trouble. Maybe they already are. I'm thinking terrestrial turtles has a great example. Where are they? Where are those, where are our box turtles? Where are our wood turtles, roughly speaking, you know? And how are we managing those fields and forests where those two species occur? Because they are terrestrial, they are impacted by trails, other activity, mowing and all that. And again, there's many other species besides terrestrial turtles and our plants, et cetera. So anyway, I think it's a great way to go and I would welcome your investigation with folks in the field. Sure, I can start that. And one other idea I had about tying into this is if we knew some kind of acreage or general acreage for what is mowed, there's definitely ways to sort of figure out carbon emissions from certain like vehicles mowers. And you could get a very rough idea of what is happening right now and how much we could dial it back and sort of like get a carbon emission savings just from small changes in the management regime for certain fields and stuff. So that's... We can do that on GIS. We can figure out how many fields we mow. We don't mow them all annually, but we know how many we are trying to mow. And then we can tease out, like you said, the carbon usage on diesel and gas. Yeah, it would be kind of a cool contribution to the town's climate initiatives and goals I thought. But anyway, I just wanted to open this up if you guys had any ideas about what components to include in this kind of summary. So there's my idea. So just the general comment, hold on Bruce, I'll get right to you. But if you're gonna... I asked you, are you talking plants as opposed to plants and animals? If you're gonna do plants and animals, you will never finish. Well, I'm not gonna do plants, just habitat types. So early successional or young meadow wetlands, like general standard habitat types. Okay, Bruce. And special status plants and animals. That's it. That's how I would do it. Because yes, it would have to be manageable for sure. So something to look into, maybe it would be helpful. I know that the University of New Hampshire has a sustainability internship program where people, someone might want to be able to come and gather all this information for us by working with the town databases and such. But we can look into that offline. Michelle, would you, in the forestry thing, the last sentence has to do with creating an inventory. And I don't know if there's any kind of an inventory for habitat types now. I suspect not. But could that be done with just off of GIS, Dave? I would defer to Erin and Michelle on that. Yeah, I can do that. It's a rough, you know, I don't know what the resolution is, but that's not too difficult. Well, I shouldn't say that. It's always more difficult than I think it's, yeah. Everything takes three times longer than you think. I guess it's, yeah, I could talk to Erin about it. It's basically like what kind of data is available to work with, like if we have polygons of all of the properties and I mean, yeah, I'd have to put some thought in it. But in theory, I'd like to have some sense of what the habitats are and how many acres we have to manage or hold, like how much forest do we actually have? And like, what does that represent Amherst? And that's sort of the vague outline. And maybe, you know, if I get this done, I could send sort of a draft so you can see what I'm talking about, just maybe do a couple of properties and I can have a sense of what the undertaking is and maybe what useful components it would be. So the GIS folks can probably put the layers on to isolate conservation land and help you out in defining those properties and do it fairly quickly. We already have all the properties defined and Erin is a GIS expert. So Erin, do you wanna weigh in?  I've sort of envisioned that you're talking more landscape scale, but like, I think what would be really helpful is for example, Michelle, if you wanted to like sift through the mass GIS layers and say these are the layers that I think would provide the most necessary information to do this analysis. And then I can check in. We have a GIS coordinator for the town. So, you know, there's the potential that we could get those layers downloaded and actually like clip those layers to our conservation lands so that we could get, I mean, there are ways to do this that are not manual, right? There, you know, we can use the existing data to sort of extract what we're looking for. And if we did that, then it would be something that maybe Mike Warner, our GIS coordinator could do. I just wanna, like I would love for the, Michelle, if you wanna take it on, absolutely. If you have limited time and you want like some backup support, that's also an option. So I just wanna make sure that you know that we're here to, you know, provide that backup support if there are ways you can guide what you're looking for just let me know and we can try to get that together for you. Great, that's awesome. Yeah, I guess I just wanted to bring it to the group and then I'm gonna like do something very quickly to get a sense of what it would take and what Erin says is what kind of data layers I want. And then maybe I'll just come back with a better understanding next time of what this is and something to show you. I do have to go though, but. Yeah, well, don't let the perfect get in the way of the good. Try, still hasn't used it. So we're out of time and Erin, can you tell us when our next meeting is? Yes, and then before we go, I just wanna have an idea of what we're gonna do. We've got several suggestions on how to use time and we've got items that we've all worked on that haven't been finished in terms of our review. Well, so we would ordinarily be on for the 5th and 19th of December, but I have them whiteed out on my calendar for some reason, which I don't know if we had previously canceled those or decided not to meet in December or. I can do them. Okay. I do have to go, so is there a way that I can go? Can we do the 5th? Yeah. Yes. Okay, so we're gonna meet on the 5th and just real quick, I would like to get caught up on things that people have already worked on before we dive into dogs and before we dive into... I'll have agriculture. Okay. Okay, talk agriculture. So agriculture, we're gonna hear from Michelle with something and we'll get back to community gardens. Okay. Great. All right, nice to see you guys. Thank you, Alex. Thank you. Thank you. Bye-bye. Happy Thanksgiving. Yes. You too. Thank you. Feel better, Michelle. Bye-bye. Bye, everyone.


Okay, so this question is a little more convoluted, I guess, you could say. Which solution is more concentrated, a 0.04% weight by weight solution, or a 50 ppm solution? So, you've got to remember the formula for both of these, weight, weight, and ppm. So, percent weight, weight equals mass. These are essentially the same equation here, except for the difference out here. These are the only differences in this equation. See that? Okay, so what you want to do actually in this equation is, this is your actual concentration units, is solute over solution. So, you can set this equal to something else. Okay, so you're just going to compare this in this number, okay? So, we'll say mass solute over mass is a solution. Since that's the concentration, we'll just set it equal to C, okay, for concentration. So, now we have a different equation. So, both of these are C now, right? Because this is mass solute over mass is solution, mass solute mass is solution. So, let's just go ahead and erase this and put C. Now, we've got ppm equals C times n, and percent weight weight equals C times 100%. Okay? So, now let's just, we've got values we could plug in for percent weight weight and ppm, right? So, for percent weight weight, that equals 0.04%. And for ppm, so if we just, we want to isolate C here, okay? So, we could say this is C1 and this is C2. Let's go ahead and isolate that. So, for C1, just divide both sides by 100%. Now, it equals percent weight weight over 100%. C2 is essentially the same. It's now ppm by 100%. So, now all you've got to do is plug in those values. Sorry, not 100%. It's 10 to the 6th. So, if you just plug in these values, 0.04% divided by 100%. Percent's cancel. 0.04 divided by 100 to the negative 4. That's C1 is 4 times 7 to the negative 4. So, if we plug in 50 ppm for this one and divide it by a million ppm. 50 divided by 10 to the 6th. And we get 5. So, then we compare these two numbers here. And we say which one's bigger, this one or this one? Well, this one's bigger. Okay? So, which solution is more concentrated? That one next. 0.04%. This is bigger. Numbering.


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Snestrunk?


guys subscribe and turn notifications on leave a like and drop a comment down below get here first and win giveaway calls i will pin as first comment on some of my videos be fast and good luck what is going on guys welcome back to the channel and i appreciate you all being here today i am back with another video where i open spam open plenty of iron banner packages now i have about 450 iron banner tokens right there so i'm not sure probably 20 odd packages we can open if i am not mistaken and hopefully i've only thing i've got so far is the chess piece i mean i haven't had a weapon i haven't had anything else but i did have tokens stacked from the last event i think i had like 300 nuts so yeah i haven't played much but there's so many of these juicy weapons i need people the pool's rifle looks amazing the rocket launcher i need them in my life but before we go any further guys if you do enjoy the video leaving a like really helps me out and i do appreciate the support and if you are new around here and enjoy daily testing the videos be sure to subscribe and also guys turn notifications to get here first to win one of the many codes i give away by pinning them to the top of my comments section okay so let's get into it and salad bar please give me juicy lords let's go let's go let's go on let's okay so it says they're 550s wow but it's 534s really but i'm gonna put them on anyway i'm gonna put them on anyway that's that's weird that is really weird talents of the eagle we'll check out the weapons after legs woo i'm getting there guys i'm getting there oh looking badass bite of a fox looks beast breath of the dragon wow i'm gonna get everything people i'm gonna i can feel it in my balls i've got the helmet now all i need is the class item and i haven't had any duplicate so why do you say duplicates why do they say i got the cloak full gear that quick oh my i like it i like it a lot okay so let's go oh is it a wolf is that a pulse is that a pulse where's it where's it and head seeker i can't believe it guys reload speed all it's stability or range on that oh but we keep we keep going we keep going damn i can't believe that's amazing oh yeah come the duplicates of the best talents of the eagle i don't even know what is that these guys gotta be is there an auto rifle here i'm not sure there is oh come on game now you're taking a mick close the wolf again people give me a few more then oh how me what's that just pop and look at the bottom i don't even know what they are they try must be breath of the dragon chest piece breath of the dragon swarming the raven how am i going to bear last package guys last package pop up pop up pop up i got this i had definitely ain't got enough for one more and i can't cash in any of these yet okay so let's check out what we have but let's go to the postmaster first feed it because i know there's plenty of my loot in there let's see check out what's in my postmaster first let's see let's see over on that chest piece unflinching power aim and hang can reserves it's weird how it says the n-grams are gonna drop at 550s my level but drop at 532s that's that's weird i don't know what's going on there okay so here we have scout rifle target in infusion rifle reserves and we also have power weapon target in and special ammo finder not bad ashes two assets infusion rifle reserves and infusion he's found the future rifles on these helmets isn't that uh diesel you know i'll go for these after these probably ain't gonna be what i will probably try and put on some mud to these make them a bit better and shit but yeah if i'm going to use these i'll use my pvp and my pvp loadout is what you'll see on the screen now this a decent shotgun probably something like that or that and then i'd probably use a rocket launch or something but yeah so the arms don't really matter we can i quickly run through them with you guys if you want to see them but yeah it don't really matter to me considering i've already got my perfect pvp loadout oh not one cloak and one tree okay okay so weapons weapons people let's have a look at the talents of the ego zen moment and opening shot and it's a scout and it looks very beautiful with uh masterwork handling oh love it okay so you got snapshot sights and if you would prep other by the fox geez let's look at that fantastic with range on it man that looks weird okay so on the first well this is what fully-automated explosive payload i'm lucky you you'd be decent for pve fully auto an ambitious assassin an outlaw and opening shot why they're all good they're all good i might have to keep them all i have to keep them all people what else we got in these set rolls here can't change anything there so yeah okay so what is this what was that breath for the dragon grave rubber and kill clip i mean the kill clip part ain't too bad but yeah nothing great there um this is the first one they got the clothes of the wolf with a rampage and head seat on it and a little bit of stability and handling there but shame the masterwork is reload speed but hey it's still better than better than nothing so i'll lock you then we have outlaw and high impact reserves with a mod on it i want we got here reload speed again yeah i think i probably think my first one's a bit better to be honest a bit better but hey i'm gonna always improve this shit with a few other mods you know you know back up mag because this thing will shoot quick by the way if you haven't noticed it's a 540 rate of fire so it shoots pretty quick but i'll lock you as well because i'll try it out and then we have snapshot sights and tap the trigger on this breath of the dragon and we then have an oppression high impact reserves on this breath as a dragon so yeah these are weapons i'm definitely gonna be trying out on this we've got tracking module and quick draw with enclosure and rounds damn and the linear compensator with reload speed what was on that grenade launcher we have threat detector and ambitious assassin now thanks and then we have threat detector and range finder wow so i'm not great to be honest but i've got one with tracking which is my first rocket launch with tracking so you are getting a lot you are definitely getting a lot but yeah i can't believe that head seeker man page that's pretty good i might just give this a cruise magazine i'm not sure how much we'll take it up to looking for something i've got nothing else here apart from in a accuracy or better target acquisition that's probably a better one to go with hmm target uh targeting adjuster or back up mag i don't know i don't know people i don't know but either way this thing is a monster but it's gonna burn through that ammo like you don't know but rampage she may got something that makes it reload speed a bit faster but hey wow guys absolutely monstrous yeah we have come to the end of the video i can't believe my luck well i've got a full gear i'm happy with that i certainly am happy with that there's actually let's have a quick look a quick little look through some shaders what this gear will look like some of my favorite shaders this one here the malachite cold let's have a look we drove the red link wow how is that bling or what people um let's go with a golden trace not bad not bad it's like a tint of blue to that um this one here's a e p see that looks pretty cool as well definitely a tint of blue to that cloak if you look on the turn looking good um what else we got what else we got dawning festiveness what is this Sam at least this shader at least this armor looks good in shaders though i love it don't i love it just looks plain too lean divide wow so much good stuff so much good stuff and let's have a look at the tryouts i did a lot to try out there we go what did i get iron banner and iron banner packages packages and in well claimed in iron banner season four looking for anything that is it yeah that is it people i still got you gotta do things in fully kick it out iron banner gear um yeah so all gotta do wow every gift eh do you reckon you get something for that collect 50 iron banner packages in a single season that's pretty cool i'm probably thinking you might get something for that i don't know i don't know but guys anyway we have come to the end of the video if you enjoyed it even like really does help me out if you've had one of these clothes of the wolf it's definitely the one i am going for if you've had actually any great road iron banner weapon please let me know what you got down below within that comment section you know always send me a picture on twitter my twitter is at dpjsc08 linked within the video description or send it me on discord via direct message also linked within the video description while you're there guys you may as well like my facebook page too you can also send me messages there but guys if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps me out if you're new out here and enjoy daily destiny videos be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys i will see you on that next one


Ahead of the presidential elections, the Labour Party has urged Nigerians not to vote based on party or religious sentiment, but competency of personalities. The party promised to break the history of Nigeria's democratic systems, with last vote from the NOF to ensure Peter Obis imagines as president. Director of U2Fest, a Labour Party for Obidati presidential campaign cancelled, Issa Abubaka said Nigerians are fed up with the two major political parties who have failed them. Abubaka said Nigerians are clamoring for change from 20 years of bad governance, stressing that NOFs have been at the receiving end for decades. Nigerian youth, Nigerian women, should resist, resist any termitation by these two major political parties to resurface themselves back to power again, come 23rd, 25th of February 2023. The major vote for Labour Party is coming from the NOF, in the past 80s of Buhari administration like Northern Nigeria, or in the last 16 years of the PDP government and the Northern Andes. Northern Andes has been affected by insorgences and maladministration of the PDP and APC government. So Northern Andes will surprise these two major political parties and vote in Peter Obias in his president of Nigeria. He urged Nigerians to change the narrative by coming out en masse on election day to vote the Labour Party. I call to Nigeria is that we are about to do something new. We are about to overthrow an elected government that has failed for eight years to also enthrone a democratically elected president for the next four years. This election should define a new Nigeria. This election should give Nigeria that liberation it has been waiting for. This election should be a bloodless revolution. A bloodless revolution that all we needed to use is our PVC to elect a competent leader that will define or that will make Nigeria know they are important as citizens, that will make Nigeria understand the reason why good leadership is very, very good.