Greetings dear aspirants. Today is day three of Main Scholarship Test 2020. Today's question is available in the last session. Now let us begin with our daily news analysis for the date 29th July 2020. The list of news articles along with the page numbers of five different editions is given here for your reference. Let us now begin our analysis. This discussion is based on this editorial and news article which talks about GST compensation to the states. In this discussion we will see the related provisions about GST compensation and compensation says. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of both these articles is given here for your reference. See recently the central government had released the final installment of the GST compensation for the financial year 2019-20 to the states and this amounts to 13,806 crore rupees. So finally with this amount the states can finance the urgent need in this COVID-19 pandemic like increasing public health care capacity and they can also spend more to contain COVID-19's detrimental effects on the vulnerable sections of Indian society. So in this context let us see about GST compensation from exam perspective. First know that the compensation will be provided to the states for a period of five years from the date on which the state brought its state GST act into force. Now with respect to GST compensation to the states keep three provisions of GST compensation to states act of 2017 in mind. First is section 7 as per this provision the loss of revenue to the states on account of implementation of goods and services tax shall be payable as compensation during the transition period. The compensation payable to a state shall be provisionally calculated and released at the end of every two months during the transition period of five years. Second is section 4 of this act according to this section financial year 2015-16 has been taken as the base year for calculating compensation amount payable to the states for the loss of revenue during the transition period. So for this purpose the growth rate of the revenue for a state during the five-year period is assumed to be 14% per annum and this is as per section 3 of this act. Then if you see as per section 7 C of this act the total compensation that is payable in any financial year to the states shall be the difference between the projected revenue for any financial year and the actual revenue that has been collected by that particular state. Further know that GST compensation says is levied on the supply of goods and services as recommended by the GST council. So what is this compensation says know that it is assessed that will be collected on the supply of select goods and or services or both goods and services till first of July 2022. It is imposed to compensate the states for any revenue loss and account of implementation of GST. So these selected goods mostly belong to the luxury and demerit categories of goods like tobacco and its products then pan masala, then aerated water, motor etc. See compensation says will not be charged on goods exported by an exporter under bond and the exporter will be eligible for refund of input tax credit of compensation says relating to the goods exporter. In case if the goods have been exported after the payment of compensation says then the exporter will be eligible for the refund of compensation says that is paid on the goods exported by that person. Also if you see the compensation says is not levied on supplies made by a taxable person was decided to opt for composition levy that is those who opted for composition scheme under section 10 of the central GST act then a compensation says is not levied on supplies made by such persons. This composition scheme has been formulated for small businessmen especially who are suppliers of goods and suppliers of restaurant services. So these are some of the aspects that you need to know about GST compensation from exam perspective. We know that every sector of the economy is now tied to this COVID-19 pandemic because it has affected every sector in our economy. So the economy is facing slowdown due to this COVID-19 pandemic but if you see in fact Indian economy was facing slowdown even before the pandemic and because of this the compensation says that was collected for the previous financial year was very less and this year also it is likely to be low. Last year if you see the compensation says under GST was almost 70,000 crores less than the payments that were due to the states. So the author of the editorial suspects that this gap of collected compensation says and the payments due to states will enlarge further which will even make paying the due GST compensation to the states even more difficult. The main reason for this is people are restricting themselves from spending on the luxury goods due to this COVID-19 pandemic so that they can spend more money for essentials. Then another issue noted by the author is that the shortfall in payments due to states was funded by using various sources such as SES balances from the first two years of GST implementation and then debiting the integrated GST collections to the consolidated fund of India which were lying with the center etc. As you know the integrated GSTs levied on interstate supply of goods and services and whatever integrated GST amount that has been collected has to be a portion to the center and the states accordingly. But according to the author of this editorial some of this levy collected in the financial year 2017-18 had not yet been allocated to the states. So now from this money the center has paid compensation to the states. So this means you can see that the center is yet to pay this share of integrated GST to states as well and along with this the current year's GST compensation has also to be paid which is going to make the job quite difficult for the central government. Now supporting this fact the news article also mentions that the central government is in no position to pay the GST share of states as per the current revenue sharing formula. This is due to the revenue shortfall caused by COVID-19 pandemic. So the government is in a difficult position to mobilize the fund. Now to discuss the possible alternatives the union finance minister announced that the GST council will meet in the month of July but if you see this month is going to end and still the meeting is not convened. So we need to wait and watch if this GST council will be held or not. Now one of the solutions suggested by the officials is that the center has to raise special loans against future GST says accruals so that it can help to pay the GST compensation to the states and if you see in contrast to this one of the suggestions that has been put forward in this news article is to rework the formula for paying compensation to the state governments as per the provisions of the GST act. So all this indicates that in the current pandemic the central government is in a dire need to have clarity on the cash at their disposal. So we need to wait and watch how the central government is going to mobilize the fund in the present state of the Indian economy which is hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. So this is all about the discussion of both these news articles and editorials. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the Greenfield project connecting Salem and Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu under Bharat Mala Pariyojana scheme. See earlier the Metra's High Code had said that prior environmental clearance was mandatory for the project. As per this news article the National Highways Authority of India has told the Supreme Court that the road project was of national importance and hence it did not require environmental clearance prior to land acquisition. So this is in brief about this news article. Now what you need to know from exam point of view is about this Bharat Mala Pariyojana scheme. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See India has about 55 lakh kilometer of road network. That is the second largest in the world in terms of length. And if you see the national highways constitute about only 2 percentage of the total road network. But if you see it carries around 40 percentage of the total road traffic of India. So in order to improve the national highways infrastructure the Bharat Mala Pariyojana scheme is defined as a stepping stone in improving the infrastructure. So this scheme is an umbrella program for the highway sector. The focus is mainly on optimizing the efficiency of the freight movement as well as the passenger movement across India by building quality highways. See this is an integrated scheme that includes many other related schemes as well. It is one of the biggest schemes proposed by the government. So this scheme is divided into seven phases. As of now the first phase is under construction. Now let us see the highlights of the scheme. See this scheme focuses on improving the efficiency of the existing corridors through development of multimodal autistic parks and also elimination of choke points. That is the places where the highways meets with the arterial roads of the cities. Then if you see it focuses on improving the connectivity in the northeastern states and also by having synergies with the inland waterways of India. This scheme emphasizes on the use of technology and scientific planning for project preparation as well as the monitoring of the road assets. Now let us see in detail about the phase 1 of the scheme that is currently under implementation. See the target is to construct at least 18 kilometer of path on a daily basis which will be raised to 30 kilometer per day. The target total length to be constructed is 34,800 kilometers out of which 24,800 kilometers will be constructed under phase one of the scheme and remaining 10,000 will be the balanced road works under the national highways development program. And this phase one will be over five years from 2017-18 to 2021-22 and the estimated outlay is 5,35,000 crores. So the objective of this phase one is optimal resource allocation for a holistic highway development or highway improvement in India. And these are some of the implementation arms under this phase one. See there are several categories of projects under Bharat Malaparyojana which is given here for your reference. There are plans to construct economic corridors then feeder route or inter corridors. Then there is one more component called as national corridor efficiency improvement where around 5,000 kilometers of roads will be constructed for the better connection between the roads. Then we have border road and international connectivity which will connect the cities in the remote areas situated in the border regions. Then there is also one more category called as port connectivity and coastal road development. And also we have expressway category where the main stress will be given on construction and development of green field expressways that is new expressways for better management of traffic and freight between important places. So these are some of the categories under the phase one of this Bharat Malaparyojana. So we can see that it is quite a huge project and the government by itself cannot fund this project. So the government is encouraging multi-source funding through this project. Nothing but public-private partnership that is attracting private investments. If you see an amount of 60,000 crore of private investment is planned to be sourced in the phase one of this project through public-private partnership mode. So these are some of the important aspects of Bharat Malaparyojana and especially about the phase one of the Bharat Malaparyojana that is currently under implementation. Try to know the different categories of projects under this scheme from exam perspective. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This editorial speaks about the light of Indian migrants who are working in the Gulf countries. In this editorial the authors discuss about the problems faced by the Indians who are working in the Gulf countries and for that matter South Asians as a whole who are working in the Gulf countries. And they also talk about the government initiatives to rehabilitate the citizens who had to return back home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. And finally if you see the authors suggest certain mechanisms to reduce the sufferings of migrant workers. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this editorial is given you for your reference. We know that India is the largest country of origin of international migrants and India is also the world's top most recipient in terms of remittances. And since the 1970s oil boom the Indian migration to the Gulf countries has served as a valuable source of income for India in the form of remittances. Not only India the Indian migration also served as the backbone of economies of the high migration states such as Kerala through the transfer of remittances. So we should know that Indian migrant workers have made substantial contributions to the economic development of the Gulf states as well as India. As I told during the discussion of the first article every sector of Indian economy is now centered around this COVID-19 pandemic. And there is also a migrant crisis which is happening because of this COVID-19 pandemic at present. The authors of this editorial note that the COVID-19 has exposed much of the problems faced by the migrant workers in these countries. Know that most of the migrant workers in the Gulf countries work for meager wages in these countries and they live a very simple life so that they can send their savings home. And if you see these workers are not covered under any safety net or any sort of social security protection or there is no welfare mechanism or even labor rights for these workers who are working in the Gulf countries. Most of the men migrant workers in the Gulf countries live in labor camps where 8 to 10 people stay in a small and congested room. They sleep in bunk beds which contain more than two or three deaths.  Now if you see the spread of this COVID-19 disease in these labor camps happened mainly because of the overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions. And employers particularly the construction companies have used this crisis as an opportunity to reduce the wages or allowances of the migrants. And among the migrant workers if you see the most neglected segment is migrant women domestic workers. Many go to the Gulf countries to work as maids and nurses and if you see they are exploited by the employers in most of the situation. So it has further worsened because of this COVID-19 pandemic. Many people have lost their jobs and many were left without proper food. So that is some sort of crisis happening amongst the migrant population in the Gulf countries. The authors also note that these migrants were not even getting medicines because of high prices and they were not able to reach India due to the cancellation of flights. Now how the central and the state governments in India responded to crisis faced by the migrant workers in the wake of COVID-19. According to the authors the Indian missions could not adequately cater to the needs of the migrants because of inadequate administrative personnel. But still if you see the Indian government successfully repatriated over 7.88 lakh in RIS through the Vande Bharat mission. And to rehabilitate, reintegrate and de-settle these migrant workers returning to India in the wake of COVID-19 the Indian government has announced a scheme called as SWATES. It is basically for skill mapping the citizens who are returning from abroad. Remember that the SWATES mission is different from Swadesh Darshan mission which has been launched by the Ministry of Tourism. See SWATES is a collaborative initiative of the ministries of skill development and entrepreneurship, then the Ministry of Civil Aviation and then the Ministry of External Affairs. And if you see this initiative is undertaken as a part of Vande Bharat mission. This seeks to empower the returning citizens with relevant employment opportunities in India. Then if you see this scheme also aims to create a database of qualified citizens based on their skill sets and their experience to fulfill the demand of Indian and foreign companies that are operating in India. In this scheme the returning citizens are required to fill up an online SWATES skill card and the collected information will be shared with the companies for suitable placement opportunities within India. Know that the implementation arm of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship which is the national skill development corporation is supporting the implementation of this SWATES project. As per the skill mapping the citizens had been primarily employed in sectors such as oil and gas, construction, tourism and hospitality, then automobile sectors and then also in the aviation sector. So this is one initiative by the central government. Now if you see at the state level we have a scheme which has been announced by the state government of Kerala which is called as Dream Kerala project. Now why we see this project is because Kerala is one of the largest beneficiaries of international migration in terms of remittances. So there is a huge population of migrant workers from Kerala. So the state government through this Dream Kerala project aims at the rehabilitation of the returnies and using their skill and knowledge to revive the state of Kerala from the restriction of economy caused by COVID-19. So these are some of the initiatives in India. Then if you see the authors of this editorial also talk about the initiatives by other Asian countries. Here the special package announced by Bangladesh for the resettlement of returning migrants has been discussed by the author. This includes money on arrival, then money to launch self-employment projects and then providing compensation for the families of those who have died abroad from COVID-19. And even if you see in Pakistan the overseas employment corporation in Pakistan has come out with special programs to upgrade the skills of the returning migrants. So from our discussion so far we can see that the South Asian countries like India who are sending migrant workers abroad are facing twin problems. One is they are promoting migration at the one side so that people will have a good life. On the other side they also have to protect the migrant rights in the Gulf countries where they are working and also in some other countries where they are working because if you see especially the Gulf countries are turning hostile in receiving the migrants. They have come up with their own policies to restrict the increase in the population of the migrants. Here the authors mentioned that no South Asian country except Sri Lanka has an adequate migration policy. So the authors conclude this editorial by telling that the need of the hardest to have a comprehensive migration management system for India as well as the countries to which as citizens migrate. Also we should effectively raise a voice to bring the South Asia Gulf migration corridor within the ambit of international organizations like the international labour organization under certain event conventions and also under SARC. So this is all about the discussion of this editorial. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Now look at this question on COVAX facility which has been framed based on this news article. See this news article is basically question and answer session with the regional director of the world health organizations Southeast Asia region. In this let us focus only on COVAX from exam perspective. See during the discussion the director mentions about the access to COVID-19 tools accelerator which is a global collaboration to accelerate the development production and equitable access to COVID-19 tests, treatment and vaccines. There are four pillars under this accelerator wherein one pillar is vaccine and this COVAX facility which we are going to discuss now comes under this vaccine pillar. Now coming to COVAX know that it is collated by three organizations. It includes GAVI, then Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations and then the World Health Organization. Also know that any country can participate in this facility. The aim of this COVAX is to accelerate the development and manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines and to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country in the world. The goal is to deliver two billion doses of safe effective vaccines which have passed regulatory approval and or the pre-qualification of world health organization and it is to be done by the end of 2021. After these the vaccines will be delivered equally to all participating countries proportional to their populations and the initial priority will be given to the health care workers then it will be expanded to cover 20 percentage of the population of the participating countries. Also if you see to maintain a buffer of doses for emergency and humanitarian news including dealing with severe outbreaks and if you see this COVAX also aims to end the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and rebuild economies across the world. So this is in brief about COVAX that you need to know from exam perspective. Now look at this question which is a two statement question you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct. Here the first statement is correct COVAX facility recently seen in news aims to accelerate the development and manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines. Look at the second statement it is an incorrect statement because we saw that this COVAX is a collaborative effort of three international institutions the ones which are mentioned here are national level institutions and the second statement speaks about COVAXIN which is India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine developed by these institutions mentioned here. So the second statement is incorrect the correct answer is option A1 only. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now look at this question on coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure which has been framed based on this news article. This news article discusses about the interview with the Minister for South Asia and the Commonwealth of the government of United Kingdom. Know that the 2021 United Nations climate change conference also called as COP26 is to be hosted at Glasgow by the United Kingdom in partnership with Italy. In this context the article stresses on the need for India and the United Kingdom to shift to renewable energy and if you see the terms green growth equity fund and coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure are mentioned in this article. So let us see both these from example perspective first let us look at green growth equity fund seen 2017 India and United Kingdom announced a joint UK India fund which is called as the green growth equity fund. The aim of this fund is to attract private sector investment from the city of London which is also called as the commercial capital to invest in green infrastructure projects in India. So both the governments have committed to invest up to 120 million pounds each in this joint fund. Know that this fund will be established under the national investment and infrastructure fund framework. See this NIIF is a joint venture by the Indian government and external investors. It is India's first sovereign fund seeking to create long term value for both the domestic as well as international investors. This fund will invest in energy, transportation, urban infrastructure and other infrastructure related projects in India. The fund manager for this fund is ever sourced capital so the funds will be invested in scalable operating companies and platforms across various sectors like renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy storage, immobility, resource conservation and associated value chains. Next let us look at coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure. See this coalition was launched by the Prime Minister of India during the United Nations climate action summit in 2019. See this coalition is basically a multi stakeholder global partnership. It consists of national governments, it consists of United Nations agencies and programs then it also consists of multilateral development banks then financing mechanisms and it also consists of private sector then academic and knowledge institutions.  So at present it is not an intergovernmental organization. Remember this fact know that the secretary for this coalition is based at New Delhi in India. See this coalition aims to promote the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks thereby ensuring sustainable development. This coalition aims to expand the development and retrofitting of resilient infrastructure in order to respond to the sustainable development goals. So it will also develop disaster resilient infrastructure and it will also work on retrofitting the existing infrastructure to become disaster resilient and we know that the private sector is a major player when it comes to infrastructure development around the world. So the private sector will have an important role in this coalition. They will share the experience, expertise, good practices on the design, development and operation of disaster resilient infrastructure. So this is in brief about the Green Growth Equity Fund and coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure that you need to know from exam perspective. With this background information let us look at this question. It is a two statement question about coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure and you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct. Look at the first statement. It tells that this coalition is an intergovernmental organization. You can tell that the first statement is incorrect because we saw that this coalition is a multi stakeholder partnership which also consists of private sector along with the government's multilateral banks etc. So it is not an intergovernmental organization. So the first statement goes incorrect. Now look at the second statement. It tells that this coalition has formed a joint fund of 240 million pounds known as Green Growth Equity Fund to invest in renewable energy sector. This statement is also incorrect. Know that this coalition is nowhere related with the Green Growth Equity Fund. As I just told, this coalition is basically a multi stakeholder partnership with participation across the world. Whereas if you look at this fund, it is just between India and United Kingdom. So it is a bilateral arrangement. So both the statements are incorrect. The correct answer is option D, neither one nor two. Now let us move on to the next news article. Let us look at this question on Kongka Pass which has been framed based on this news article. We know that India and China has border standoff along the line of actual control at many regions in the Union territory of Ladakh. Right now the disengagement process along the line of actual control is going on. This news article tells that the Chinese and Indian troops have completed disengagement at three locations, Galvan Valley, Hot Springs and Kongka Pass. And the only area where this engagement is left to be implemented is along the Pangongso Lake. So just have an idea about these locations from geography perspective. Know that Kongka Pass is located in the Union territory of Ladakh as per the official map of India. So the correct answer to this question is option C, Union territory of Ladakh. Now let us look at both these news articles which is related to Tigers. Day before yesterday we saw about Tigers, their conservation status, about the National Tiger Conservation Authority and also about WII. Today we will see about a report called as Tigers Co-Predators and Prey that was announced by the Prime Minister of India in July 2019. At that time the Prime Minister announced only the excerpts of the report. Now a detailed report has been publicly released yesterday. And we know about the status of tigers in India. So let us focus on two important aspects discussed in this report. One is that this report has attempted to segregate how many tigers were largely present within the reserves and were dependent on the resources within the reserves and how many tigers went outside the reserve and again came back in for their resources that is basically for their food. The reserves are defined as a source and the place where the tiger moves out of the source in search of prey are called as syncs. So this report aimed to know about the population dynamics of tigers by understanding this source-sync relationship. So based on this they have told that many of the reserves are approaching the peak of their capacity in sustaining the tiger population. The second thing is the scientists have plotted a relationship between how much prey was needed in order to sustain a certain level of tiger population. Since they have come to know that some of the reserves have reached their maximum capacity. And if you look at this news article it also mentions about Global Tiger Forum. Before moving on to know about Global Tiger Forum this news article mentions about the International Tiger Day which is celebrated today that is on 29th of July. Now let us look at Global Tiger Forum. See it is an intergovernmental international body that is working exclusively for the conservation of tigers in the wild. It is basically an intergovernmental body that focuses on saving the five subspecies of tigers that are remaining in the world which are distributed over 13 tiger range countries of the world. These are the 13 tiger range countries which are a part of this Global Tiger Forum. I know that India is also a tiger range country and also a member of this Global Tiger Forum. In fact, if you see it is one of the founding members of this forum and the secretariat for this forum is located at New Delhi. Know that this Global Tiger Forum implements Global Tiger Recovery Program under Global Tiger Initiative Council. These are some of the aspects of Global Tiger Forum that you need to know from exam perspective. There is a chance that a question can come related to tigers because the population of tigers has increased in India and it has been acknowledged by the government. So try to know all aspects related to tiger, the conservation status, the conservation authorities that are focusing on the conservation of tigers in India and also some of the international forums and institutions that are working towards tiger conservation. One such is the Global Tiger Forum which we saw now. So with this information let us look at this question on Global Tiger Forum. It is a two statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct. Look at the first statement. It tells that this Global Tiger Forum is an initiative of international union for conservation of nature. No, it is not. So the first statement is incorrect. Now look at the second statement. It tells that India is a member of this forum. Yes, this statement is correct. So the correct answer to this question is option B21B. Now look at this previous prelims question on fly ash which has been framed based on this news article. This news article tells that works have begun to dredge the backwaters of Ennoor Creek which is located north of Chennai city to clear fly ash. So what is this fly ash? See fly ash is basically a by-product from burning the pulverized coal that is used in electric power generating power plants. And know that this fly ash is a substance that primarily consists of oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium that are toxic in nature. And if you see fly ash is used as a key component in cement based products such as cement concretes, concrete blocks, cement-based bricks etc. So the application is in construction sector. So remember this fact. So based on this discussion you yourself can answer this question. The first and the second statements are correct because they are related to construction. Now look at the third statement. It tells that fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium dioxide only and does not contain any toxic elements. See you might not know the exact chemical constituents of this fly ash but from the second part of this third statement you can use logic and eliminate it because it tells that it does not contain any toxic elements. It in fact contains toxic elements. So the correct answer to this question is option A 1 and 2. Now if you closely observe the previous problems question there is at least one or two questions related to coal. So try to go back and refer the previous questions. You can find there are many questions related to coal and coal sector in India. And this fly ash is also related to coal because it is generated out of the coal that is used in power generation plants. Now let us move on to the next news article. See this news article mentions that the National Investigation Agency has questioned the former principal secretary to the Chief Minister of Kerala regarding the Gold Smuggling case. If you remember on 25th of July 2020 we have discussed in detail about the background of this case and then in connection with this we also saw about the National Investigation Agency and few facts about the relevance of Unlawful Activities Prevention Act of 1967 from exam perspective. So we request the aspirants to refer to this news analysis. Now let us move on to the practice questions discussion session. Look at this question about Bharat Malaparyojana. The question is which of the following are the different project categories under the Bharat Malaparyojana program. Economic corridors, border road and international connectivity, greenfield expressways, coastal economic zones, special economic zones. Here number 4 and 5 are not a part of this program. So the correct answer is option A 1, 2 and 3 only. Coastal economic zone is related to the national perspective plan of Sagar Malaprogram and special economic zone is a geographical region which has more liberal economic laws compared to the typical economic laws in India. So they are not a part of this Bharat Malaparyojana program. It is related to roads and 4 and 5 are related to an overall economic zone. So going by logic also you can eliminate 4 and 5. The correct answer is option A 1, 2 and 3 only. Now look at this question about SWATES scheme which one of the following statements regarding SWATES scheme of the Government of India is correct. The correct answer here is option C, it is a scheme for skill mapping of citizens returning to India from abroad as we saw during our discussion. Here option B speaks about the SWATES DASHAN scheme of the Ministry of Tourism and option D speaks about Vajra scheme of the Ministry of Science and Technology which is basically a faculty scheme that enables NRAs and overseas scientific community to participate and contribute to research and development in India. So the correct answer here is option C. Now look at the third question for the mains scholarship test 2020. Read the question carefully, enumerate the concerns of the states concerning the GST taxation regime. How far can GST compensation says address these concerns? It is a 10 mark question you have to write the answer within a word limit of 150 words. You can take a print out of the mains answer sheet for which the link is available in the description in the comment section. If you do not have access to the printer you have to draw margins on an A4 sheet. The access to this link on how to draw margins is available in the description as well as in the comment section. So we hope all are aware of how to upload your answers in the portal. In case if you are not aware you can access the answer upload portal link which is again available in the description as well as in the comment section. One important thing to note is that the link to upload your answers for today's question will be disabled tomorrow evening at 6 p.m. So make sure to upload your answer before the upload portal is closed. Once the portal is closed no answer will be accepted and know that answers that are posted in the comment section or those answers that are sent through email will not be evaluated. Dear aspirants the reference material for yesterday's question has been given in the description section as well as in the comment section and very importantly before uploading the file please ensure that you rename your file name to your unique ID and the link for today's answer uploading portal is different from that of yesterday's. So make sure you upload your answer by 6 p.m. tomorrow without fail. With this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session. If you like the video press the like button comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


In a recent study, researchers have identified RUNX3 as a protein that drives cell differentiation into specific types of innate lymphoid cells, OILCs, that reside in the gut. These cells play important roles during normal immune responses to infection and in inflammatory conditions such as colitis, making it critical to understand more about how they develop. Protein lymphoid progenitors, or CLPs, give rise to numerous types of immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and three major subtypes of ILCs, ILC1, II, and III, through a sequence of differentiation events. This so-called lineage specification is driven largely by proteins called transcription factors, which turn on whole suites of genes to specify the characteristics and behaviors of a given cell type. Transcription factors in the RUNX family are known to have roles in lineage specification in T cell subsets, which share some features with ILCs. For this reason, researchers were interested in the role of RUNX3 in ILC differentiation in mice. They found that RUNX3 is expressed in both ILC1 and ILC3 cells, but not ILC2 cells. Furthermore, eliminating the expression of RUNX3 and its cofactor, CBF-beta in ILCs and their precursors, led to lower numbers of ILC3 cells and ILC1 cells. At the same time, there was an accumulation of a previously undescribed precursor cell type referred to as ILCLNs for CD127-positive ILC lineage negative cells, suggesting that the cells stalled in their development at this stage. However, the lineage specification to that point remained normal. The researchers also observed that RUNX3 regulates two genes that are important for ILC3 identity, further supporting a role for RUNX3 in the final step of ILC3 specification. Importantly, mice lacking RUNX3 expression in ILC1 and a subset of ILC3 cells were more susceptible to infection with the bacterium cirrodentium. The mice without RUNX3 had higher counts of cirrodentium in the spleen and shorter colons, indicating more severe infection. The mice also expressed lower levels of the cytokines that activate the appropriate immune response to pathogen attack, and they exhibited more persistent inflammation-related damage after infection. Together, these findings reveal the critical role of RUNX3 in the differentiation of cells that protect the gut from infection and inflammation, and suggest RUNX3 as an important target for future research relevant to colitis and other intestinal inflammatory disorders.


At a rally in New Hampshire on Tuesday, Joe Biden said something regarding Donald Trump and the Republican Party that is so naive, so almost borderline delusional, it nearly made my head explode. Essentially, what he's going to do is cleanse the Republican Party of all their wrongdoing and say, it's not you who's the problem, it's Donald Trump who's the problem. And not only will he imply that, but he'll take it a step further and actually suggest that once Donald Trump is out, the Republican Party will suddenly have an epiphany and they're going to fundamentally change because seeing how bad Donald Trump was is going to make them want to do better. He's actually going to suggest this. He says, we found ourselves in a position where an awful lot of Republicans have become intimidated, intimidated by the president. The thing that will fundamentally change things is with Donald Trump out of the White House. Not a joke. You will see an epiphany occur among many of my Republican friends. And it's already beginning. And the house now, you've seen people that in fact, we're not willing to vote for any Democratic initiative, even if they agreed with it because they didn't want to be the odd person out if it wasn't going to happen. There's not sense in getting politically beaten for something that's not going to happen. But you are seeing the talk, even the dialogue is changing. So look, let me put it another way. If we can't change, we're in trouble. This nation can't function without generating consensus. I can't believe he thinks this. Now I don't know if he's pandering to moderate Republicans who he's trying to win over, or if he genuinely believes this, but this is absurd. What he's saying here is Trump is the problem. And if you get rid of Donald Trump, if you take out that one blemish on the Republican Party's otherwise okay record, I guess, then everything else will be peachy keen. Joe. I don't understand how you don't remember this, but in the pre-Trump era, when you were in the White House for two different terms, you literally adopted the Republican Party's right wing healthcare reform. The ACA was modeled after a plan that was devised by the Heritage Foundation. It was basically Romney Care. You took their plan, Joe, and they gave you zero votes. And on top of that, they went on to try to repeal that more than 50 times. You selected a center-right Supreme Court justice to get them on board. And Mitch McConnell didn't even allow one hearing to be held for Merrick Garland. They literally stole a Supreme Court justice from you. This was all pre-Trump. And you're saying that once Trump is gone, then Republicans will suddenly have an epiphany? Joe, Donald Trump isn't some kind of aberration. He's not an exception to the rule. He is the rule.  But with Joe, he's not too down on the policies that Donald Trump is implementing. Neither are these center-right Republicans. These so-called moderate Republicans like Anna Navarro. Because if you remove Donald Trump from the situation and you replace him with someone who doesn't do mean tweets, who isn't as belligerent, who's at least somewhat intelligent, but you just have him doing all the same policies, they'll be okay with that. So the one thing that really differentiates Trump from the rest of the GOP is that he's angry. He's mean. I don't honestly understand how someone who was the vice president for two terms can come to this conclusion. And he saw their obstruction, their extremism firsthand. And the reason why, Joe, they're so insane is because you let them get this way. If you have a strong opposition party who firmly plants their feet on the ground and says, we're not gonna follow you off a cliff as you march towards the extreme right, then you force them to return back to the center, but you haven't done that. Democrats have been so weak they've just followed Republicans towards the right. And now we're in this awful hellscape situation where both parties are right-wing. One is center-right, the other is right-wing. And now it really doesn't seem like there's any change when we elect a president in different parties. Think about this. When George W. Bush left office, did Obama end the war in Iraq? Did he end the Afghanistan war? No. He ramped up the drone war that Bush started using the Bush doctrine. And then when Obama left office, we had someone else come in and say, look, I'm non-interventionist. Now there were a lot of signs, a lot of red flags that indicated Trump wouldn't be as anti-intervention as he suggested on the campaign trail. But what did he do? Immediately ramps up the drone war. Is escalating now into Venezuela, into Iran. I mean, I don't understand how Joe Biden can say this, but maybe it's because the difference between Democrats and Republicans, it really is becoming more blurred. That line is getting less distinguishable and there's still considerable difference. I don't want to do this false equivalence, but what I'm trying to say is that if you think that Trump is the exception to the rule, I don't know what to say. You're just not that bright, Joe.  I mean, it's unfathomable to me that someone can think this. The Republican Party would suddenly have this epiphany if Trump is out. Donald Trump is the perfect representation of the Republican Party. And guess what? The base loves him. The base absolutely loves him. Because he has, what, 87, 90% approval rating after his first 500 days in office higher than other party approval ratings of presidents in the past, of most, anyways, I mean, this makes no sense. It just shows that Biden here in saying, you know, the nation can't function without consensus. What he's telling you is that he's going to get an office and he's going to do the exact same thing that made President Obama so ineffectual. He's going to extend a hand to Republicans and they're going to shoot him down. They're going to spit in his face and he's going to keep coming back from war.  There's an old saying in Tennessee. I know it's in Texas, probably in Tennessee that says, fool me once. Shame on.  It fooled me. You can't get fooled again. So in other words, if you keep trying to meet them halfway, you're meeting crazy halfway. It's the same thing with climate change. There were two individuals close to Biden who claimed he wants some sort of middle ground when it comes to climate change policy. Now he has since backtracked and said, no, I'm not seeking middle ground, but we all know that that's exactly what he's going to do. But if you even have this thought that you need to seek out middle ground between denying climate change and doing something about climate change, or at least acknowledging that it exists, then you're already losing. Because if you concede halfway with someone who's insane, then that's a loss for you no matter what. Because you're agreeing that this insane person is at least partially legitimate. So Joe Biden is out of his mind if he genuinely believes this. Part of me thinks that maybe he's just pandering to Republicans who he thinks he needs to win over. But Joe, if this is actually your strategy, look at what Hillary Clinton did. She was not successful in winning over moderate Republicans. And you won't be any more successful. It wasn't necessarily because Hillary Clinton was unable to win over moderate Republicans. It was because she didn't pursue the correct electoral strategy. And it seems as if you're not going to do that as well. The correct strategy, if you make it to the general, which I hope you don't. And I hope it's Bernie or Tulsi or Warren. But if you make it to the general, what do you need to do to defeat Donald Trump? You get people who haven't voted to come out and vote for you. You galvanize the base. You go after non-voters because these so-called moderate Republicans, they're going to stick with Donald Trump. They like what he's doing. They don't mind the mean tweets. And even if everyone in Washington, D.C., the elite media class, the pundits, all screech about how decorum is ruined because of Donald Trump, understand that the base likes him and acknowledge that Trump isn't that much different than Republicans. If anything, I'd say McConnell or Mike Pence even is worse than Donald Trump because politically, I think they would be more dangerous because they'd actually be able to get their agenda accomplished because they have experience. They know what they need to do to win politically and appease their donors. So I, again, am puzzled by Joe Biden's ignorance here. If he genuinely believes this, but I hope he's pandering. I mean, well, I don't hope he's pandering, but it would just be bizarre to say something that dimwitted after he saw firsthand how insane the Republican Party was even before Donald Trump was in the picture. Look, we've got to defeat Joe Biden because if he wins you, you've already seen he's been on the race now for a couple of weeks, maybe a month, and it's not going too well.  And this could be a disaster if he wins.


Welcome back MechanicalEI, did you know that thread designations drastically help reduce drawing times and make up for a much clearer depiction of an engineering drawing? This makes us wonder, what is thread designation? Before we jump in, check out the previous part of this series to learn about what machine elements are. Now, thread designation is an M number indicating the major diameter of the thread followed by the pitch measured in millimeters per thread. For example, an M22 x 1.5 screw has a nominal outer diameter of 22 millimeters and each thread is 1.5 millimeters thick. Based on their forms, threads are classified as first isometric thread which is used for all general purposes, second square threads which is ideal thread for power transmission, third ACME thread which is stronger than square thread and finally buttress thread which is designed to handle heavy forces in a single direction. When the drawing of a component in its true projection involves a lot of time, its convention may be used to represent the actual component. Shown here are the conventional representations of three common types of gears namely, spur gear, bevel gear, worm wheel and its worm. Even engineering materials due to their complexity are assigned certain designations so as to ease their representation in an engineering drawing. Given here are some of the common engineering materials and their representations. Hence, we first saw what thread designation is and then went on to see how machine components and materials are conventionally represented. So like, subscribe and comment with your feedback to help us make better videos. Thanks for watching. Also, thanks a lot for those constructive comments. You helped the channel grow. So here are the top mechanical EIs of our last videos. In the next episode of Mechanical EI, find out what limits, fits and tolerances are.


Life with Luigi, a new comedy show created by Si Howard and starring that celebrated actor, Mr. J. Carol Lash, with Alan Reed as the squalorist. When Luigi Vasco left Italy to start his new life in America, he promised his mother that he would write and tell her about his adventures. So now let's read Luigi's letter as he writes to Mama Vasco in Italy. Dear Mamma Mia! There's one thing I'm going to notice about the Americans. They're crazy about sports. In all the news and papers of today, all you're going to see is the stories about the Yale ball, the Rosa ball, the Captain a ball. Just to think, Mamma Mia, they build all these places special for people who's alike to ball. That's a very big thing about the American, Mamma Mia. Always, he's alike to play games. To show you how much of people here they're crazy about their country, they even name a very popular game after the government of those things. Is it called post office? You know something, Mamma Mia? In this country, everybody is a play game, even unemployed people. In Brooklyn, they got a special organization for people who don't know how to work. Is it called the Brooklyn of Bums? And the right to know in America is a big thing. The football season. This is a football game. It's like a war, only rough. But Mamma Mia, I'm a wish I could have played football. Because in America, that's a short cut for citizenship. I'm going to read to some place, if you play very good football and you're far enough, they're making you all American. Even though I'm not understanding a lot of things about this football game, someday I'm going to go and see one just like a real American. Mamma Mia, I'm going to finish this a little later. It's getting late and I'm going to go to my night to school at class. America, I love you. You like the papa to me. It's a promotional tour. Alright class, quiet, quiet. I'll call the roll. Mr. Basco? Here. Mr. Harwick? Here. Mr. Olson? Here. Mr. Schultz? I object. Mr. Schultz, why do you object? Because you always call me last. What am I, a stepchild? Black sheep? A rotten herring in the barrels? Mr. Schultz, don't be silly. I call the roll alphabetically. If you were Mr. Basco, you'd be first. And if Mr. Basco were you, he'd be last. That could never be, Miss Spaulding. Our clothes don't fit each other. Oh, thank you, fellow boobles. I'm so lovable. Alright class, let's begin our lesson. Now today we had a geography lesson to prepare and I hope you've all studied. Mr. Horowitz, can you tell us the area of the United States in square miles? With pleasure. The United States has 2,022,387 square miles. Is that correct? Well, you left out a million square miles. Himmler, Horowitz just chased Texas out of the Union. Miss Spaulding, I would like to clear off the situation. The area of the United States is 3,022,387 square miles. Also, I can inform you that the distance from New York to Chicago is 851 miles and from Chicago to Los Angeles 2,175 miles. There he goes, Sweden's answer to the roadmap. Oh, please, Mr. Schultz. Mr. Basko, you're rather quiet tonight. Now suppose you try naming the eight great rivers of the United States. Colorado, and Hudson, Delaware, the Potomac, Ohio, the Columbia, the Missouri. How much more you want? Two more. You take one maybe? Two more rivers, Mr. Basko. Well, Colorado River. Good. Now one more. I'll give you a hint. Mrs. Missive? It's a marriage. Miss Spaulding, may I step in? If he names that river, I hope he falls in. All right, go on, Mr. Olsen. There must be Mrs. Ittbe river. That's very good, Mr. Olsen. Now, Mr. Horowitz, can you tell us how many great lakes there are? High. Mr. Basko, you name them. One, two, three, four, five. No, no, name them. Oh, name them. Uh, like, superior, like, uh... You're on. Huh? You're on. I'm on a what? Mr. Basko, your mind's far away somewhere I can tell. Now, is something troubling you? Well, Miss Spaulding, it isn't no trouble. I was just thinking about the football. Football? I was thinking maybe this Saturday, if I'ma can afford it, I'ma go see a footballer game like a real American. Oh, Lovigia, what a coincidence. I have two tickets to the football game this Saturday which I can't use, and you can have them. Oh, thank you, Olsen. That's so wonderful. Now I'ma go see my first football game. Mr. Basko, it's going to be a great game. Notre Dame and Michigan State. But there's one catch, Lovigia. I was supposed to take my niece, Martha, but I can't make it, and you will have to take it. How am I going to take your niece, Martha? That's the catch?  She has beautiful blue eyes, and she weighs about 116 pounds. Lovigia, you'll go. That's a catch you don't throw back in the lake. Lovigia, Lovigia, wait for me. Oh, hello, Schultz. Oh, listen to me. I feel like a shittin' that's got one cockle left in the coop. Lovigia, I saw how nervous you got when Olsen was talking about his niece, Martha, so I just wanted to cheer you up. Thanks, Schultz. Oh, believe me, you got nothing to worry about. All the American girls, they are alike. It's a cinch to make them happy. Just give them what they want. You know what they want, Schultz? Everything. Oh, Lovigia, Schmal, don't worry about it. The American girl is not a selfish type. Just give her a yacht, a mean coat, two cars, and a swimming pool, and she'll be perfectly willing to struggle through life with you. Mother Schultz, what if I'm not going to give these things to an American girl? So what's wrong with the Czechoslovakian? Schmal, Lovigia, you'll make a wonderful impression on Martha. But Schultz, you're making me feel much better already.  That's right, Lovigia. And she'll be like me. Always lovely. My womanism is killing me. Luigi, my friend. Luigi, hello, hello. Hello, my girlie. Luigi, guess who was it just to ask it for you? Who? Ha, ha, ha, ha. I'm going to give you a hint. It's a girl. She's a-related to me.  She's crazy for you. Can you guess who I'm talking about? What kind of first initial is I? I know, it's a rosa. Hey, wait, are you supposed to guess? No, but, please, please, there's no rosa to talk to. Why not? You want to be always a bachelor? Luigi, insurance accompanies a figure as a show that in a marriage, for every man, it's got to be one woman. That's the sadistics. But Pascuali, I entered the only bachelor in America. As far as the roses, you can say who you are. Luigi, what right do you have to act so stubborn? Do you think any other girl is going to go out with you? I'm going to think so. Pascuali, see, these are two-foot-a-ball tickets. It's for this Saturday. Not to the day my boys are going to play with them as you're going to state the boys. And I'm going to take an Olsen's and these Marta. Oh, so you ain't even married to my little girl and already you're committing a bigamy. That's not a bigamy. Oh, no, how much is a rosa weight? 250 pounds. That's not a small of me, that's a bigamy. All right, Luigi, go ahead and now in your lesson, it's about time I let you test yourself. Have your fling, but one thing you've got to promise me. What? If this Marta girl, she's going to get a disgust at it with you, you've got to come back at the rosa and settle down in the holy bonds of a deadlock. Have I started you mean a wedlock? When the roses are got to you, is there going to be a headlock? Are you telling me what I made? Well, is it bargaining, Luigi? Oh, Pasquale, the whole thing is so silly. Marta ain't going to be disgusted with me. That's not a Luigi, are you afraid? All right, Pasquale, it's a bargain. Good, and now let me see them football picks. All right. Section five, six to six, that's not too bad. Do you think I'm going to enjoy it, Pasquale? Well, sure, little banana nose. Sure, you're going to have a good time. Look, Luigi, I've been to a lot of football games, so let me give you a little tip. You're going to a college of football games, so you've got to act like a college man. Important thing is, you've got to know how to yell. Let me hear you yell. Oh, no, no. It's a special of football to yell. For instance, when you're watching the Rams, you yell it like this.  You know where you're going to be, the people around you is all going to yell, yay, a Michigan. You've got to do that, too.  Yay, a Michigan. The way you've got to yell aloud or they're going to stick you in the laryngitis section. Now, come on, a yay, a Michigan. Yay, a Michigan. Again, a louder. Yay, a Michigan. Ah, it's a fine, a Luigi. All right, then I'll go, go. All right, then let's go in and thanks it for your elevators. That's all right. Yay, a Michigan. Wait till he finds out he's a sifting with a note today of a section. Well, the second act of Luigi Vasco's Adventures in Chicago, we turn to page two of his letter to his mother in Italy.  Just like Mrs. Tarantella's chicken at Calate is a felt when she was introduced to a chicken at Giuseppe.  Anyway, anyway, I was a practice in a holiday. Yay, a Michigan. When he needs to come to Pasquale. Hello Pasquale. Yay, Luigi. I heard you, Luigi. You sounded very good. Very good. Thank you, Pasquale.  Well, I don't want you to get the short end of the day. What do you mean, Pasquale? Well, I'm a martyr, you should make a good impression on a martyr, so I'm going to teach you a few things about football. Oh, thank you, Pasquale. You know all about the footballer? Do I know about... I'm the best player in the neighborhood. Ask anybody in the block they can hardly wait for Pasquale to kick off. Luigi, first and the most important thing you've got to remember about a football team, Luigi, there's a 14 a man on each side. Pasquale, I'm afraid it was only 11. Well, that's enough to count to the coach and the referee and the water boy. Of course, an offensive of colleges are like a Harvard. They ain't got a water boy. They got a cocoa boy. Now, listen and align. The main idea in a football is it to win. If you don't win, that's a call to lose. Am I talking too technical a field? Let's pause here on KNX. Attention, fans of Oltime Radio. Call now and get the greatest Oltime Radio shows of the 20th century as selected by Walter Cronkite raising $20 off the $59.98 catalog price. 60 programs and 20 cassettes are written in audio forward by Walter Cronkite and a booklet with rare photographs and show histories. Order now. 1-800-RADIO-48. That's 1-800-723-4648. Now back to Life with Luigi on KNX. It's explained by the players on the team. A team is like a loaf of bread and both sides is the ends.  He's a call to the guard. That's a very interesting first quality. Now what the kinds of players is it a quarterback to the half a back and the things like that?  That's no players. Here, I explain to you. Say you pay a dollar to see the game. If it's a drizzly, you get a quarterback. If it's a rain of hard, you get a half a back. Do you know what's to happen if it's a snow? You stay home and watch the television. Hello, Pascuali, you got no idea how much I'm appreciated what you teach you. Well, I'm glad to hear you say that to Luigi because what I'm going to teach you, you can learn in no place else. Now, to show you how fair I'm going to be as it regards our little bargain, in America you've got to dress especially for a football game. I'm going to lend you everything you need. Oh, you're so good at doing it, Pascuali.   Pascuali, you think Amarte is going to like me in all of this? Like you, Luigi, take my wire. She's going to go crazy. I told you before. I'm sorry, Martha, I'm a keeper for getting it. Oh, everybody keeps looking at us when you yell for Michigan. We're sitting with Notre Dame, so cheer for Notre Dame. But I'm only practice for Michigan. Oh, yes, you told me. You certainly know a lot about football. Fourteen men. I'm sorry, Martha. Oh, that Pascuali's really fixin' me good. Never mind. Luigi, will you get me a pop? A what? I said, will you get me a pop?  You ain't to get to know Father. Look at Martha. Oh, one of those, Luigi. Oh, sure, sure. Hey, boy, over here. Wait, wait, wait. I'll get up. Here, Martha. Oh, thank you, Luigi. Come on, Notre Dame. Everybody's a get-a-side-a-side. Come on, Notre Dame. You've got to make it. There's a beautiful homerun. Wait, wait. Here, boy. Two-hack-of-dogs, please. There's a new plan. I'm a-side-a. I'm a-side-a, mister. Here, here, boy. Here's my 20 cents, sir. Right. Hey, watch out. Oh, I'm a-side-a, Marty. He's all over your dress. Oh, it's all right. That's a little mustard. Wait, wait. I'm gonna wipe it off away from my... Oh, Luigi, you spilled the pop all over me. It's all right. I'll buy you another one. You've been stealing and dropping things all afternoon. If you only took off that ridiculous raccoon coat and put down that ukulele, you wouldn't be so clumsy. You don't like the raccoon coat and the ukulele?  Everybody in the stadium keeps staring at us. All right. I'm gonna take off the coat and I have to... Sorry, mister. Oh, never mind. You're freeze to death. You might as well wear the coat. Oh, no. It's like Michigan's happened. Oh, get him. Somebody catch him. You and I should have caught him. Oh, no. Michigan's ahead now, seven to six. It's the end of the first half. Oh, this is terrible. Come on. If you want those and not three dames, you should have won, huh? Oh, they must win. I'll just die if they don't. You're gonna want them? I'll just die. Come on, Mami. I'm gonna do something right and I'll wait. Wait to hear it, Martha. I'm gonna run the right to down it. Jesus, I'm in trouble. The back is shown to Martha. Martha, don't worry. I'm gonna come back. Come on, Mami. I hope I'm running too late. Excuse me, lady. Here's the least I'm gonna do for her. Excuse me, mister. Before I pipe that raccoon coat. Excuse me, please. I hear it. Please. Please, mister. I'd like you to go in the side there. I'm sorry. Only players are allowed inside the locker room. Please. There's a life and a death. I'm a gut to speak to the boys. Life and death? Well, okay.  You, Stanislavski. You carried that ball like it was a horse's neck. And Chattacowsky. You tackle that guard so gently I thought you'd both be engaged by the time you hit the ground. What's the matter with you babies anyway? Didn't you get enough sleep last night? Please, sir. Maybe they could use a little napper for 15 minutes. Who's this polar bear? It's a raccoon. Please, sir. You boys are must the winner of the game. I'ma spill the mustard all over her dress in a cocktail. Oh, no. Who's the dress? Come on. She's the girl I'm about to hit. Here. She's in the showers? No, she's upstairs. Who the heck am I talking to? Get this sea lion out of here. Now let me tell you guys, if you don't snap out of it and hold those punks, you'll see plenty of fireworks tomorrow.   Oh, what a team. What a team.  If you wanna shoot her out and get her changing from a dollar, I'ma go right to that.  Please. Please, I'ma want the Notre Dame to shoot a winner. Throw them out of here. Get out of the portion. Notre Dame's. Do me a bit of favor. Please win. Out. Mr. Pleaser, you're telling me where they throw me out. All I'm asking them is, Notre Dame should have won. You were in the Michigan locker room. She's the winner. Hey, Luigi. What are you doing here? Oh, it's a little surprise, Luigi. I'ma remember you see the numbers, so I thought I would go down here and see the game with you. Nice you gave, Luigi. Yeah, I would have been here for nothing for you. Hey, Pasquale, what's your girl to sit in here? You see her sometimes. You mean a pretty little girl in a browned coat, a little greener hat with a long feather and a nice blue eye? Yeah, yeah. No, I didn't say it. Mr. Pleaser, stop the joke. Oh, yes. I must see this a girl, Luigi. She was a run out of the stadium telling everybody how certain her fellas would make a fool out of her. Well, Luigi, she's a lefty of you. You remember a little bargain with a rosa? Yes, Pasquale. Oh, wait a second, Luigi. That's not the fair. We shouldn't think about it as no bargain as a rosa. You're right, Pasquale. Rosa is a no bargain. That's a funny thing. When I'm going to say it, it's a come out of there for it. Well, anyway, Luigi, you look like you need a little cheering up and I've got a juice to the tonic for you. Rosa. Rosa. Rosa. My little gold post. Rosa. Say hello to Luigi. Hello, Rosa. Oh, come on, Luigi. Smile to your bride-to-be. I remember when I was the first... Luigi, I've been looking all over for you.  When you left before, I realized how terribly I'd acted to you. Will you forgive me? Sure, my friend. Oh, Luigi, look. She's going for a touchdown. Come on, Notre Dame. Well, Luigi, where's she looking? Hey, Pasquale, maybe you see better if you stand up for here. Right in front of the bathroom man. All right. Hey, who's to throw this a hot dog into my face? I told you to sit down and talk! Come on, Maria. I'm going to throw my first footballer game and it was a wonderful experience for me. Later, I'm going to take a mart to a movie. Then we stop off for a coffee and a cake. I'm riding home in a streetcar by her ice cream cone and from $3, I still got $2.12 left. It was almost a midnight when I was standing with her in a hallway and she just said that. Thank you, Luigi, for a perfect day. It was a perfect for me too, my dad. Well, goodnight, Luigi. Goodnight, my dad. Luigi. Didn't you forget something? No. No, I'm a gut to my trolley transfer into my pocket. Oh, silly. Come here. All right. Luigi, do you like my perfume? Oh, he's wonderful. You like to smell my aftershave or shave? Yesterday was my birthday and my friends all kissed me. Uh, you weren't there. Well, I'm not going to wait to 364 days. Well, if I'm with me, I'm going to do it pretty good and I'm going to have to buy you a mink coat.  Seems to be at the same time over most of these stations when Luigi Basko writes another letter to his mama Basko describing his adventures in America. Life with Luigi is a Cy Howard production and is written by Mack Benhoff and Lou Derman and directed by Mack Benhoff. J. Carol Nash is starred as Luigi Basko with Alan Reed as Pasquale, Hans Connery de Schultz, Mary Schiff as Miss Balding, Jody Gilbert as Rosa, Joe Forte as Horowitz and Ken Peters as Olson. Welcome to the direction of Love-Guskin, Bob Stephenson speaking.