What? You use Facebook? Lots of people use Facebook. I've been walking around the aisles, watching people use their Facebook while they're listening to the lectures. So, but even the, clearly even for people who don't use Facebook, I think there's a market for the Freedom Box, right? The Freedom Box. You clearly missed the big lecture this morning. I mean, Evan, Ben Moglund's talk this morning was, I thought it was pretty interesting. I'm curious. I guess there's gonna be a BOF about that that's getting scheduled right now that I'm supposed to make an announcement about later on tonight and I guess there's, I mean, who's, show of hands, who is interested in, okay, two questions. Who's interested in owning such a thing? All right, that's pretty good. Who's interested in developing for such a thing? That's cool. Yeah, okay. For those who don't know, basically the whole focus of the talk this morning was a proposal for this device called the Freedom Box, which is essentially a server in a small embedded device that you plug in in your home and it serves all of your whatever information you want to be public in the world. So, for instance, your home page, your, you know, free Facebook equivalent social networking sort of thing. It serves as a network proxy, telephony, which was actually what this talk was supposed to be about, and privately owned router, right. So something that would be running completely free software on a embedded device that you would plug in in your home and it would own all of your data, would control all of your data and how that data is distributed on the network, and then also act potentially, I mean, in Professor Moglen's dream as, you know, a proxy for other people and, you know, Tor Router or whatever. Consumer friendly, dead simple. And his, I thought the talk was interesting, was very interesting because he had such a concrete proposal about what to do, and the point was that it, you know, would exist on, you know, hardware that currently exists right now and, you know, with built, operating system built with stuff that we already have, like Debian. So, well, it would be, well, it would be dead simple to the, the idea is that it would be dead simple to the user, but it needs, you know, however many hundreds of smart, well, the idea is that it wouldn't need a system administrator. That's the hope. That's the ideal. It's just that a box that you would just plug into the wall, and it would just work. I mean, clearly that needs a lot of work for that to happen because that sort of thing just doesn't even exist. All the things that claim to do that clearly don't do that, like your, you know, your home, well, I think the thing that's closest to that is your home router, your home gateway, without wi-fi. Those things generally just work, I would say, but as soon as you add wi-fi, then they, they stop working. Yeah, here's the microphone. Has Mr. Sugar showed up yet? No, okay. I'm gonna keep ranting on this, then. Does anyone know if the chipset in those, those boxes? I think he was, by the way, I think the hardware that he was referring to is probably the guru plug. That's what it sounded like. Yeah, I think that's right. Does anyone know if that chipset supports host AP yet, though? Supports what? So it can be an access point? Because a lot of the chipset still don't support that, right? Those things are access points out of the box, I believe. Oh, okay. Right? Somebody, there are people who own guru plugs around here, aren't they? They have bluetooth and wireless? Hello. Yeah, I work with these devices and on the arm side. Yeah. And there's the guru plug, the first one didn't have wireless. And now they're shipping, they call, it was the Shiva plug without wireless. Then there's the guru plug, it has wireless. These devices are based on ARM V5 instruction set. It doesn't do much graphics. And there are a lot of devices coming up, like EFICA MX boards. Also, they are based on ARM V7 instruction sets. They can do multimedia and have Wi-Fi. And you have all the software from Debian to make an access point to have your server at home or do whatever you like. I mean, I've been running a system which is used for Debian building these at home. And I have my server there with my IRC connected, have my website, my documents. And I can use it as I want. And this is not, for me it's not new. You could do this for like three, four years. And now there's more, there's this plug computing and there's like a hype on these devices. And I mean, I think this is great. Yeah, I think that probably most Debian people, I mean, I'm sure everybody, most people in the room like maintain servers in their room. So I mean, he actually mentioned that, that most of us probably already do basically what he was talking about ourselves. But the idea is to make it something that's dead simple that anybody could just use and plug in. And so clearly the challenge there is not the, since I'm being the speaker now. It's clearly, clearly since the idea is, I mean, clearly the challenge is to make the actual thing that's going to run on the device, not the device itself, since that's done, obviously. So yeah, go ahead. I just met a gentleman next door. He's working on a project called Linaro, it showed it to me. And what they want to do is they want to coalesce all development efforts regarding the ARM platform, providing APIs, everything so that everything from Mimeo and Android, everything can be found there in one place, making coalescing all APIs and making development on the ARM very easy, in other words. So that could be something that could be used with this project to move forward towards the project that he was talking about this morning. Yeah, I think that, I mean it sounds to me like what he's really asking us to do is to make a Debian, essentially a spin-off distribution where you make a installable thing that you just can load into one of these devices and it just works. Something like Ubuntu where it's, you get a core, not just a core set of packages, but also all the way up through the very top such that you've got all of the components already there, already installed when you put the image onto the device. It doesn't have to be a complete spin-off. You just have to have enough meta-packages and a way of putting those together as a bootstrap environment. So you can do it with the multi-trap that we've been looking at already for this kind of thing. You just select the packages you want and you put them together, you put, you give it its own configuration and you have a turbo at the end. We even have a name for that. It's called Debian pure blends. Well actually Neil, you're actually the, seem like the person of the content. I mean you're the one who's been organizing the Mdebian stuff, right? So I mean, is that, how close is that to being able to provide, well how close is that being able to provide a system that'll just run? It is in commercial production today. Oh okay, well there you go. But clearly we still need the integrated experience of having the pre-configured services and stuff that would run in the system. Yeah, go ahead. About six years ago I bought a machine called a Redi NAS and that company was bought by Netgear and it came pre-installed with the version of Debian for like home file storage and it was pretty much, it was pretty much what we're talking about. You know, you bought a machine, it was pre-installed with Debian, they gave you the root password if you wanted to install anything else. I didn't think it was an Intel architecture either. I think it was something strange. Okay, oh yeah, Spark, it's a Spark architecture and I think that the way that they had that set up, you know, was like a proven business model and that there's probably room for lots of small companies all around the world to do the similar thing. And these, the kind of Shiva plug computers are very low, you know, with ARM, are pretty powerful for the given that they're the size of a power supply. But I think that yeah, you know, lots of people have got old computers sticking around that they could use for doing this kind of thing. And so I think the idea of it being one specific like Shiva plug thing isn't that relevant. I mean if the packages are in Debian. Yeah, no, I think that the particular, I agree with you. I think the particular hardware implementation is not as important as the software stack, the operating system or whatever you want to call it that gets installed on the thing and having that be a unified top to bottom thing that works. Yeah, and installing these things is something that small companies can copy the ready NAS model and do likely. So the next step seems to be to me kind of figuring out what stuff, what is in that stack, right? So clearly, well, do you guys know about the diaspora project? He mentioned it.  So this project, I'll give a very brief overview of what happened. So this project actually spun off of the lecture that he gave on this topic in February. And it just for NYU kids decided they were going to basically try to implement the social networking component of what he was talking about. And they started a Kickstarter account and the Kickstarter account drew in like $200,000 and it blew away by like an order of magnitude everything that all the other projects that Kickstarter had ever hosted before. And so now these four guys are often in San Francisco basically trying to implement this thing. But they're trying to implement essentially the social networking component of that, which would be something that, you know, I don't know, they're still trying to work it out. But basically a service that runs on this embedded device that you would maintain control over or ideally and then, you know, gathers information from particular other nodes in a distributed manner that you have identified as nodes that you want to have communication with and who you want to share data with. Excuse me. I think now would be about SIP and asterisk, right? Yeah. This is super cool and super interesting, but I'm just thinking maybe we should like, are we all agreeing that this is, that we have a high tech... I don't know. I was just doing it since the speaker never showed up. The speaker won't show up because he hasn't arrived at DevCon. So he won't show up. So how about this? One of the things that he was proposing talking about being on this device was a SIP asterisk server. So clearly, hopefully people are in here at the room are interested in that topic. Yeah. So maybe I can jump in here. I missed the beginning of the discussion. So one of the things we wanted, we had an informal buff after the session this morning, the presentation by Morgan, where we tried to coordinate a little work team to work on that and it by no means was meant to be restrictive or whatever. But we now have a wiki page in the Wiki. It's called Freedom Box. So people want to look it up. It's there. We wanted to organize a buff for this, but it seems that it's self-organized already. So that's fine. So we can like talk about all this. But one of the things we have already done is tried to come up with a mission statement or a vision statement. So if people want to look it up right now, it already has some good grounds. I can't read it because I don't have it on my computer. But my point is that the idea behind all this is to really create an integrated stack of software with a common, very easy to use interface that will allow to do multiple things, including VoIP, including email, including software application services at home, and all this stuff. So for me, it's a very important project that I've already, that I was already interested in. And for me, what even has changed is that he's officially promoting it and getting people interested in the project, which means that a lot of people are going to stop, well, not stop, but instead of just doing it all on their own in their basement, which I've been doing for the last 10 years, but they are going to stop sharing that expertise and creating a distribution that anybody can install on whatever machine, like the Shiva plug is a good example because people can relate to it more easily than installing a crappy old gray 486 or Pentium or whatever it is now that is a crappy computer. So people can more easily relate to that. But basically, the idea is to create what we said earlier, like a custom demo distribution or a bunch of meta packages that are going to bundle everything together for everyone to make it easy to install, easy to set up, easy to use. Hello. Yes. Did you want to describe, this is, I guess, an example of the form factor. This seems to have an actual LCD screen on it. What is this exactly? Does somebody who knows what this is want to describe what it is? This is a balloon board. Wait, let's get you a microphone. This is a balloon board. It's attached. Well, this is a development platform. It's an ARM device. It has a PXA board. It's open, so you can show the board. Does this good for people? Can people look at this? Can I pass it around? Yeah, you can pass it around. Be careful because the board is loose. It's a little bit not flaky, but there's one in a box. And then it has an LCD. And this is a development platform we use. And it could be like the freedom box or something like that. It's willing to show. And there's some other devices. People have like efficacy mix or maybe you want to show. The only catch is it's actually quite hard to buy a balloon board. You can ask us nicely and we'll keep not getting around to sending you one. How similar is this to the, oh, is that, is this a similar device as well? Oh, okay. So that's an, that's an EffiCat MX, which is a rather newer board. It's Cortex A8 base. So that's a modern ARM V7 current generation. How closely related are these to the Guru plug? The Guru plug is an ARM V6. So that's about in between halfway. But it's the Guru plugs quite a lot faster. That's a gigahertz, I think. So it's got, well, so, you know, the EffiCat MX has got quite a lot more welly than a balloon board has, but balloon boards got more memory and flash on board.  There's an awful lot of these boards. Fundamentally, as you say, the hardware doesn't actually matter that much. Right. I think it's interesting that there's an LCD on that, on the balloon board device though. Is that just? You can plug it into a TV version or? We've done a TV adapter board as well. So you can actually plug a good old fashioned monitor in the back if you really want to. The problem with that is that it uses almost all the memory bandwidth that's plating your screen. So it's not really very useful. So getting back to the SIP telephony asterisk issue. Is there another question? Yes. Go for it, Vinner. Hang on a second. There you are. Nicely. Don't move now. Yeah. Well, yes. I went also to go back to the talk topic and, well, in any way, still related to this presentation in the morning. I think for most of us, well, we don't really need much of a Skype replacement because we have several. I mean, I use a key on a frequent basis and I know that although I haven't successfully used it, I know that Pigeon already supports voice as well. But the problem here again is the end users. Yes. And not so much in terms of a hard to use interface, but as for network friendly protocols, which is quite a problem with SIP even more. I often do video conferencing at my university. H323 really, really, really sucks when used from non-public IPs or so. And, well, I have been trying to get some friendlier programs, standards, protocols that my non-computer literate, well, let's say clients can use to connect to participate not even in a one-to-one meeting, but a one-to-many, which is quite problematic with the applications we now have. We have something called OpenMCU, which is an audio and video call multiplexer, which is packaged in Debian. But as far as I could test it, it works fine when one person connects. It still works mostly when two people connect, but then a third person connects and it dies. So, I mean, clearly, it's no improvement overall. So, I'm curious about what's the interface meant to be for the phone part of this? Well, yeah, yeah. The problem is not the interface. The problem is that most home users or most small enterprises will not have a full-blown public IP. At least in my country, in many places, I've seen you have non-rotable networks mass-created. Or, yeah, but you can control it. Yeah, IPv6 would be good, but I cannot control what the provider gives the customers. So, one of the problems we have right now with SIP, and even I don't know if any of you here run a SIP server at home. One, people, two, a few, okay. So, you probably experimented with the various problems related to NAT and firewalls and all this stuff. SIP isn't denying to deal with heterogeneous networks and stuff like that. So, one of the things I think, one of the objectives of the SIP, which project, is to work around those issues, the routing problems we have on the Internet due to censorship, due to restrictive ISPs that break our networks and things like that. From my understanding, the other objective of the project is also to provide cryptography and security and confidentiality to the calls. Because SIP, as it is right now, is completely in the clear, has no security whatsoever.  So, it's always something that's much harder to adopt than if you start from scratch and say, okay, we're gonna replace Skype. And I agree that I personally don't use Skype, but I would really appreciate having that decentralized network available for me to work my way around restrictions. Right now, if I wanted to create it, do a SIP connection here, I don't know if I'll be able to, because there's maybe a NAT, maybe there's some policies here that make it impossible to do that. So, I think there is a requirement, there is a need for such a software to be available. And I think in general, one of the ideas behind the Freedom Box is to have all the services we have decentralized and secure, so that we bring back the original ideas of having a secure network and a decentralized network at all parts of the infrastructure. Not only, like, well, I was about saying, not only email, but even email is not secure, right? Because we don't encrypt our emails, we rely on, like, the crappy security email provides. So, if we try to provide tools for people that bundle all those secure alternatives, then people are going to start using them because, not because they're worried about their privacy, because obviously they don't worry enough to change their habits. But because it's cool, or it's the latest thing, or it's, you know, bringing back, like, a better tool to, as I was saying, replace your wireless router with this little cool gizmo with a monkey on it, or whatever. Because they've got LCDs now, which the guru plug doesn't have, and I think the LCD can go a long way. And I think you have a very valid point about the interface. Like, a phone is a very simple user interface, and when it got in, when it started, people started using it, some people weren't able to use it because they couldn't remember the phone numbers, they couldn't know how to type it in there. It's not necessarily intuitive interface. We consider it intuitive because we're born with it and we've been taught how to use it. But a phone already isn't quite easy. Yeah, I mean, you're talking about, you know, if people could remember the IPv6 addresses of their friends or something like that, then it wouldn't type it in. So when we talk about SIP, we talk about email addresses, we talk about something already much more complicated than phones. And if we were talking about an interface, then it means that we need to have either a phone device that you pulled here, here or something. But you still need to figure out how to dial the person you're going to dial. Exactly. That requires some screen or something. So one of the things you were talking about was to have a cell phone connecting to your device, so that instead of relying on the device itself doing everything, the device is kind of a focal point. It's a server that you have multiple clients attached to it. Yeah, when you're away from your home, you would connect to your home to get back to the other people. Yeah, I think to follow up on that, that's, I think, highlights a key point about the freedom box idea is that it's not going to be your phone, it's going to be your phone server.  I mean, there is still the problem of what you're talking about that SIP kind of sucks over the internet, and Skype has done a really good job of like penetrating all that. But there was a lot of discussion about the interface, and like this thing is kind of in the middle. It's like your email box. It's your phone server. It's your Facebook server. It's not the interface to your Facebook. It's not the interface to your phone. It's not the interface to your mail. That you can use other things. So one of the things that worries me about the situation is that most of these services that we rely on right now, we work because of high availability. We rely on email services and phone services that are essentially always on. But I don't know about you guys, but my home network is flaky as all hell. And it's supposed to be, from Time Warner, it's not a sophisticated business thing. But in order for this device to work as advertised, you need a good reliable net connection. So that's going to be, that's I think going to be the hardest thing to overcome since we're not going to be in control of that at all. And Evan was, you know, he was pretty adamant that sort of if we build it, they will come sort of attitude. And if we build it, we can push them to do things, them being all the other things that we don't control.   So I mean, when I first moved to New York, I had an unbelievable battle with Verizon because flat out denied that they were blocking port 80 from my apartment.  And they just said, no, we're not doing it. We're not doing it.  I can't believe you're lying to me. And I finally got to like some upper manager after like three days and said, oh, yeah, we're block.  You just like, I just spent three days on the phone battling you about this. And they wouldn't even admit that they were doing it. So I don't I don't know how we're going to necessarily overcome that sort of thing because that stuff's going to have to be dealt with for any of this to work as he's outlined it. I just wanted to go back to the comment regarding remembering your buddy's IPv6 address. Because I think for any technology to really be successful, it's the reason that cell phones have taken over on smartphones and things like that is because they're extremely convenient that they they basically decrease cognitive dissonance. And I think we may find ourselves getting into, you know, it FRC's and stuff because what it seems like what you really want is you want an ID. I know this guy. He's team answer with that mean dot org. And there's a DNS server that that has a lot of things on it, including something encrypted web finger. That's just me. I just thought of that. Okay. You guys heard about this web finger thing that people are talking about. Okay. So is does it include some way where I can encrypt with all of my friends? Public keys. Thank you. So that because what I want to do, I want to put a lot of information about myself out there, but I only want folks whom I know to be able to get to it and not including Zuckerberg from in fact, actually, some people that I work with have been talking to the diaspora folks about that exact issue actually how to use public key cryptography to make sure that those those like point to point connections are secure and authenticated and that sort of thing. I have I have another thing to throw into this whole puzzle, which is when we're talking zip, as I guess some of us here is interested in is the latency problem. Because one of the things that I fear that upstreams will fight us with is to optimize even more aggressively for bandwidth, which means that it kills the latency so that we cannot do interactive. What I what I what we have today in Denmark is that the biggest provider is providing this little five port Ethernet box with direct ADS DSL inside it. So you have to do their box. You cannot open it. You don't know the password for that ESL encryption and this box, one of the parts if you pay for it has optimizing for a latency so that you can use it for what and the other ones do not and things like that. So you have provided their phone connection. It's a phone provider. They also sell DSL lines, but then they deliberately lower the latency of the other parts. So what I could imagine that is easily done for them is to just make it clutter so that you always get a delay long enough that you don't want to use it for sip. Yeah, especially if they're trying to sell you phone service. Exactly. So I wanted to comment quickly on two things. The first one is the question of identity. Basically, what you were raising like touched on earlier for me, phone numbers are going down the drain in my mind. Email addresses are way easier to remember and have actual meaning and work already. They're used for sip. They're used for email. You can use the domain part for a website like it makes sense. So that can already be used. So for me, that problem is technically resolved. It's not a technical problem. It's a social. It's the question of who owns the domain names, managers, all this stuff. I feel like there's a little bit of a technical challenge there, but that who knows about webfinger? Who's heard about webfinger? Oh, wow, surprisingly few people. I thought I was a late comer to this. Both? Oh, it's the same thing. I don't know. Who knows about both? Not that many more. So briefly, what the idea with webfinger is from what I understand is that basically, email addresses become resolvable. Like, they become something like a DNS record where you can, using somebody's email address, you can find out information about the sort of services that person provides on the net. Maybe somebody who knows about it more can correct me if I'm wrong. I'll add a small thing. The way I understand it, webfinger is a slightly distortion of a different approach to the same as Fof plus SSL, which is the inventor of the web who is now working on the extension of using the HTTP layer itself. So it's not email addresses, it's web address, it's URLs. So it's a web address which then you tag as also being your identity. Right, but you have to somehow resolve the email address to a number or to a URL. Yes, and that is the reason I mentioned Fof's friend of a friend network. So the networking relationship and the linking into email addresses and other resources on the internet is done through the RDF databases. Well, it sort of sounds like a panacea to a lot of these issues about identifying where your friends are on the web. As long as you know somebody's email address and you can webfinger that email address and figure out where their freedom box is and that sort of thing, then it makes that a lot easier. So if you want to make phone calls or whatever. Is there a microphone on this side?  And reference to what you mentioned before in terms of Verizon, fighting with Verizon.  So basically, unless you're going to go through an ISP that's going to deal with Verizon for you, which I've done before, you're probably going to have to go to DSL reports and do a search for a provider that's going to give your service. Cable service sucks, but if you want to have your ports open, you probably would have to go with DSL. That used to be speakeasy, but I've been pointed out. There are lots of different companies. I've never used speakeasy. I use, for a long time, I use Cyberronic, they're located in Boston. They're DHCP service. You can get 6 down and 768 up. So you can get higher service, but it's going to be a little more costly. Okay. Well, yeah, he was speaking about Verizon. And that's the thing that came to me. Yeah, it's an example. And so basically, they don't block your ports. You have less chances of having these independent companies not blocking your port than these large corporations in terms of Quest, Verizon, Comcast, have a tendency to want to block ports because they're also irresponsible people running applications, things that they're trying or misconfiguring web servers or especially mail servers. That's why they usually are blocking out ports. What I wanted to say to him is that if you want, if we want to circumvent, I'm going to speak about the US because that's what I'm most familiar with. If you want to circumvent certain vendors like Verizon, you might want to go, you might want to look for smaller companies, which are, which are going to give you the service between $40 and $100. You're going to pay more in cable, but you're going to be able to use all your ports and do everything. There's no limitation as far as I've used with them. And I've had them for years. No limitation whatsoever. You can run any server you want. That's true. But it also makes it the adoption issue is harder. If you want to get adoption, it's harder to say, oh, buy this box and find a service provider that does this. Here's a list, but oh, and you're going to pay twice as much. And those are all difficult. Because of the core list, the coalescing of services with these large companies that are buying up smaller companies. And so you have Time Warner. Time Warner doesn't allow cable vision, for example, to get into their zone. So there's no need for competition. They don't need to improve service at all. Verizon has their own stuff. And then it becomes very difficult. Basically, those are social political problems. My first point was that the identity problem was not really a technical problem. We have a lot of solutions. It's mostly a matter of adoption. And I think that the fight for network neutrality, which is what we're talking about here, goes beyond just which provider you choose or which board is blocked or how they walk with your latency and all this stuff. As long as we're just a bunch of geeks that want to play with asterisk at home, they're not going to bother. Nothing's going to change. When we have the freedom box, when we start operating those systems, then we have leverage. Then we have leverage to start asking for things saying, people want to own their own infrastructure. People want to operate their own services at home, and this is legitimate. This is not just a bunch of geeks in their basement. Everybody uses them. Everybody tries that. And some providers do it, but they're getting rammed down by Verizon or by Durge Telecom or by whatever company out there. So the idea is to have leverage. The idea is to have a good use case on how the internet should be.  That's a lot of the vision that's in public administration and that's partly true to some extent. Like the way Amazon or Google or a lot of companies operate on the network is that they build those gigantic websites and those huge data centers and they own the data and they push it to you.  It's the same way that happened with television or radio back then is that companies own the network and they own the data and they own the information. And by changing that, then we start talking about the rules and why we want to change the rules. And that's why this whole thing is interesting. I think that as long as we just say, oh, they're blocking my ports, that's too bad or I'm going to change providers, some countries in the world right now have 100 megabit at home and don't have those kinds of problems. We need to demand better services. This is ridiculous right now. We're completely capable of offering proper internet connectivity at home and we're not doing it because those companies are in conflict of interest. There used to be laws against that, against monopolies. UD, AT&T was broken up back then and it's reunifying everything. So those things are policy decisions that are made at a higher level in every country in the world right now and those things are things that can change and having proper leverage for that will help. Going back to the identity issue, it seemed to me, I was thinking about this earlier, as several of us have been. If you've got a dynamic IP, which I imagine most people have, you've got to have some way of being able to get that information out onto the net. I don't know if this both thing helps, I don't know anything about it, but it seems to me that it's impossible not to rely on some external service in order to broadcast your IP address at least so that you can get back to the box to say this is the box responsible for this particular identity and therefore the authentication of whatever services are provided. And then the question arises, what is that service? We're going to use dindianes.org for this, they're tiresome people. Clearly we need IPv6 now. Does that solve that problem? I think so. Well, you don't need because you don't need to have a dynamic IP address with IPv6. If your IP address is not dynamic, then it's not an issue. You just publish the mapping from your email address or your URL to your IP address and then people know where to find you, right? That's great if it works, but I suspect we're going to have a transition period where in practice we haven't got that and we're going to have to, okay, I guess if it's any transition, that's cool, we'll just have to put up with some intermediary for a time. Well, Debian is pushing IPv6 at least as well as anybody else's, maybe better. So obviously we're in a position to push that forward more. I wanted to kind of bring it back to, I guess, what's on the subject of this talk, which is replacing Skype. And Skype actually is actually for more of the ISP discussion that we just had is a really good model. As far as I know, no ISPs have kicked people out for using Skype. Skype is a peer-to-peer service. It is serving. Skype is like many network administrators hate it because it looks for any open port and it just, it doesn't obey the rules of, you know, this port does this service. It just is like, I'm going to do whatever I can to get a working phone call. So we can do that as well. And when you look at ISPs have contracts, so this is something I think it applies in most the world. I don't know about it, but the contracts say you can't do this. So if you violate the contract, they terminate it. Maybe they find you. You don't get arrested. I don't think there's many places in the world right now yet, but I don't think there's many places in the world where you'll be arrested or really much punished for violating the terms of your ISP, terms of service. So I don't, I don't feel like that's the worry though, right? I mean, just having your service terminated is bad enough, I think. If you have no other options, yes. I mean, if plugging in this device got your service terminated in a couple of days because it was doing something against your ISP terminated service. Right, so can we go back to Skype? Does any ISP terminated service because of Skype? Skype abuses, Skype is serving. Skype is abusing a lot of rules. Yeah. Okay, most of the world, I don't think so. Yes, I don't know if who here has actually studied how it is at Skype works. It's not quite correct to say that Skype is peer-to-peer. It can be peer-to-peer. Most of the time, it's peer-to-proxy. And so I'm leery of any suggestion that relies upon some external thing like, you know, when the Great Pumpkin comes and IPv6 is available. So, you know, how long have we been hearing about that one? So, I mean, it seems like the key elements are like a distributed hash table with supersedes, which is the way that Skype works, is that there's a set of known hosts that are guaranteed to be on and a community could provide those.  Either you try to find out the address from a super or one of the cached secondaries and then off you go. So, it seems like that in combination with some of the work that Dan Bornstein has been doing with high-speed cryptography, I don't know if anyone has looked at DNS curve at all. It looks like some very interesting stuff. So, I think a hybrid of some of what Dan has been doing with the basic idea of the distributed hash table and the peer-to-peer, if possible, but typical case peer-to-proxy could actually be quite viable. Apparently, we only have 10 more minutes left of this lecture. Hello. Yes. Yeah, there's a question. Well, we've been debating on IRC as well, and there's a question from Timo Lindford, Timo Lindford from Finland. And do you really think IP version 6 is going to help with NAT firewall problems? And if it does, what about mobile IP, moving around and using wireless LANs with your PDA and going through? I certainly can't answer that question. It's not a question for you. It's just for the audience. Of course. And also, you have to go through all these firewalls and all these things. It may be useful to design some kind of library or something that can get through all these... Well, certainly the point of all in the network is that we don't have NAT anymore. That's sort of like baseline point of IPv6 is that we don't have to deal with NAT. But firewalls, I think, you still have to deal with. Go ahead. Is the light on at the bottom? Hold down the button. I just wanted to reiterate something that was said this morning, and that is the target audience of this project is really not geeks, because many of us in this room can already do this. And so we need to make sure that this is familiar and usable by people on average ISPs with average connections. And it's only by being usable with what people have now that will gain the leverage to be able to change things. So we have to make sure that, for instance, if the average person wants to use a device to be able to make calls to people that don't have VoIP or don't have a freedom box, that we can provide some sort of interface to do that, maybe through any number of SIP providers out there or whatever else if SIP doesn't work. But similarly, we need to make it easy and with something that they can understand right now. One example would be you can get an analog telephone adapter. They're less than $100. You can plug a regular, any old-fashioned phone into it. There's your interface. You know, more expensive than a soft phone. Except for the dialpad part, right? That's what I was worried about before. I mean, if you don't know where your friends, if you don't know what their friends IPv6 address is, or whatever their internet address is, it's hard to dial it in. You need to have something to Right. If you're going to call somebody. Yeah, you need some mapping. If you're going to call over the internet some way to let them punch in a phone number or something. But I think that a lot of people are going to want to not just talk to other people with a freedom box. And so, what can we do to make this exciting for that kind of person too? And can we let these third-party vendors that do sip termination get involved and have a marketplace or something out there? So, I wanted to answer the RSC question. I think regarding IPv6, it's just one of the pieces in the puzzle. I don't think it's going to solve all the problems. People always make fun of IPv6 as coming real soon now. But actually, IPv4 is going away now. That's what's happening. We're running out of IPs. This is going to happen in one or two years now. It's a very clear and prison danger, and it's going to change a lot of the things that are possible right now. Right now, you can just get a server, get an IP. It's cheap. An IP is cheap right now. You get an IP at home. You get usually a real IP at home. You're usually not netted, at least in North America, as far as I know. There is something that do it now. So, that's changed already from my perspective. So, those things are going to change. So, we are going to require some change in infrastructure. And the reason why we talk about IPv6 is not because we're geeks that want to play around with little toys. It's because we're technologists. We're scientists. We're people that actually build the infrastructure. We're the people that are building the future technology. And if we keep on doing the right thing, then the right thing may happen. We need to stop whipping ourselves and saying, oh, we suck, or this is never going to happen. We need to start building those things. And I think it's cheesy to say that, but we need to just do it. And I think if we build it, yes, they will come. And I think the Freedom Box is exactly that. It's one of those tools that we're going to build on. The thing that was mentioned about mobile IPs is, for me, is missing the point. Of course, phones are becoming more and more powerful and they're becoming general purpose computers. But they're always computers. You don't host a server on your laptop. You can, but it's just a tool. I don't host my personal emails on my laptop because it's moving all the time. It's not convenient. And if I lose my laptop, then I lose my emails. So my emails are at home. So my IP is at home. It may change. That doesn't matter. I used to be on the dynamic IP for a long time with the DNS. It was working fine. I changed just because it was more convenient today. It's actually a more security problem to have a static IP. So I'm thinking of changing back, but my IP is kind of cute, so I keep it. But basically, this is irrelevant. This is all very simple technological problem we need to solve. And what we need is to have the proper leverage, the proper tools to offer people so they can start playing with new tools, new toys that anybody can use and to have those cute things that people want. The new Gmail, like Gmail at home. It's better than Gmail. It's your email. You can offer a Gmail to a friend. You can offer a phone number to a friend. You can provide a gateway to the phone system to your friends because you have a phone line at home and you hook up the Shiva plug to it and then boom, you're a gateway to the traditional phone system until it dies. But this is all stuff that's doable right now. This is stuff I've been doing for a while. And this is stuff that everybody here has been playing with. It's just that we need to start sharing it instead of like acting like basement geeks and like, I've got the boy working now. We need to share this stuff now. We need to share this stuff and make it accessible to everybody. That's the real concern we have right now. And if we stay in our basement, then we're going to stay in our basement. We need to get out. Yeah, I agree. You're here. So I think that's probably as good a place to stop as any


What is up everyone welcome to a brand-new review a retro review in fact because Avengers Infinity War is coming out this weekend and holy Crap we've been building up for this and I thought hey Why not talk about the very first Avengers because of course this Avengers was like one of those event films one of those films that really Changed the dynamic in I think the Hollywood space in general because look at all the cinematic universes going on today. I mean Most of them don't work most of them have failed But the MCU for some reason the one that really started at all the one that really kicked it offers is the one that worked a 100% and worked completely and why is that I mean we look at the dark universe because that's the one I'm mostly talking about that failed completely and didn't make anymore You look at the DCU which I do appreciate I just think it could have been worked better But you look at the MCU for some reason they started off with Iron Man They went with Iron Man 2 and credit or it went Iron Man incredible Hulk Iron Man 2 Thor and then straight into Captain America which built us into the Avengers and All these heroes who came together for one unique film the Avengers and this film again Like I said is an event film. This is a film that really changed the dynamic So overall a little story time for you guys is as Iron Man was coming out I wasn't the biggest Marvel fan. I was more of I like Spider-Man and Deadpool They were to my favorite characters in the Marvel universe. That was really it. I wasn't a huge Marvel fanatic I was more of a DC reader growing up with Justice League Batman Superman the flash and so on and so forth But when Iron Man came out it really changed the game Maybe go back and look at the comics and I really got delved deep into the Avengers and everything like that So coming into the Avengers this film not only bonded with me with one of my best friends who like now every single MCU film We see together like it doesn't even matter like opening night We will go and see it which is a big accomplishment of that You know it started with Iron Man and now it's gone to the Avengers and it's always stuck with us with that fact And I'm really excited to see what Avengers Infinity Wars, but it marvels Avengers what it started out is is An idea I mean Nick Fury says that it started as an idea to bring these unique people To do the things That others cannot I know I'm paraphrasing a bit, but we know that is what Nick Fury says And really that's a statement for this film as well You bring Kevin Feige a great producer who's produced all these Marvel films You bring great talents into your John Fabro to build up this universe Kenneth Branagh Joe Johnson and whatnot But then you bring in fantastic actors to embody these roles because each and every actor looks to be great for the role And then of course you bring in Osweden to direct and write Avengers now Of course this guy has done Buffy the vampire slayer. He's also done Firefly both really good cult classic and loved through the geek culture so he was a perfect match for the Avengers and Really, I think the Avengers is like a near masterpiece of a film I have my small small nitpicks and issues with it is not actually one of my favorite MCU films But it's one of those films that you appreciate because again like I said, this is an invent Film this is a very special unique film that we had never seen again Again throwing shade at the dark universe and throwing shade at the DCU for some reason the MCU is working People are going back and forth to see it and I think a lot of it goes to this film the Avengers which changed it So overall Avengers it is an amazing film. You look at the choreograph you look at the cinematography You look at the field I mean the back and forth with all the characters is great You get the dynamics between each and every person throughout this film that we've already kind of seen throughout the other films Of course Nick Fury with some of the others black widow with Iron Man But now we get more dynamics you get Iron Man talking with Thor and Cap and then Iron Man's banter back with Bruce Banner Of course, that's a great one because they're both smart and it's just Great the banter is what really makes the film you believe in these heroes But one of the biggest pros to this film is really that last third act for me This is one of those films that each act got better and better and by the third act You were so gross in this film that is truly the definition of a blockbuster summer hit That whole last battle of New York is one of the best action sequences in any comic book movie and especially in the MCU Especially since the MCU's had some pretty damn good action scenes now But this one still holds up that tracking shot of it going around with the theme blasting I mean this is easily still the best score in the MCU because I don't think the MCU does good with scores But the score for this film is brilliant. I love the score for this I love the sound of it and seriously that tracking shot when it's just going around following all the heroes When they go kick ass, I mean, I love when Captain America is like Hulk Smash and Hulk just punches the Leviathan. It is such a crowd-pleasing moment A lot of this film has crowd-pleasing moments in it and this again, it's just a special film I know everyone has memories of going to it. I have a memory of going to see the Avengers for the first time If you don't watch my last podcast with Durbin and Cody We were talking about this where I said like my dad took us on a Saturday morning to go see this So when we went to these theaters that the seats actually like move to the thing So when Iron Man's flying you the seats go like this when Cap throws its shield that might turn a bit It was or like when you're on the ships It would like tilt and stuff a bit when Hulk's punching it might fly. It was such a unique experience I've done that for a couple theaters now and sadly, they don't have that theater anymore in Arizona But it was such a memorable moment and it just engrossed you more into the film. I Don't know what else I can say about this Avengers film. There's moments in here that you love There's moments in banter back and forth. The third act is amazing and really Loki is a great villain in here You get the diabolical He's that comic book villain the perfect match for the Avengers and for me Like one of the best parts about having Loki is that we built him up in Thor to come in here And it just it's crazy to see how much has changed and how much dynamics have gone into the Marvel world now, especially going into Avengers Infinity where how many characters we brought along the way and Really I I've said all my pros. I've said this is pretty much a masterpiece of a film I think most people will agree with me the one thing that I actually do not like about this film is the first act Like I said, the first act is very slow for me and I feel like you've already built up these films I wish they would have just gotten right to the punch given I still enjoy the first act I just felt like it was very weak compared to the last two acts When the action's hitting the fan when all that's going down But once the team starts getting together that is like the best when the Avengers assemble I Love this film. I think it is Fantastic, like I said, this is a masterpiece of a comic book summer blockbuster thing Is it the best film in the world? No, but for me is a summer summer blockbuster film This is a near masterpiece with all that said I'm gonna give the Avengers and a plus besides my nitpicks Like I said, this is really a fun summer blockbuster hit. It's a perfect Summer blockbuster masterpiece of a film that has so much fun to it But guys the most important thing is is I want to hear what your guys's thoughts are of this film Do you guys have any fun stories with the Avengers? Do you have any cool stories with it that you guys can relate to I want to hear about it down below in the comments Because that's something that I think it's gonna be really fun to talk about So make sure to leave me down your comments down below about what your guys's thoughts are of the first Avengers And also let's just hear about some stories that you guys have with this film I think a lot of us have fond memories with it And also guys make sure to look out for the rest of the week because the rest of the week is going with the MCU I'm not gonna let you know when my Avengers Infinity War review drops, but it will be soon I'll just let you know that but also some other videos will be dropping this whole week So that'll be a ton of fun to make sure to look out this whole week is pretty much going Marvel and then back into the week And I'll be going into some special kind of videos that I've been putting together of course guys You guys are seriously all the best I want you guys to know that for sure make sure to get that like and subscribe button Go check out all my social media links so you guys can follow me on all those things when we talk more geeky stuff And of course the most important thing is go check out sandwich on films where you guys can check out movie news movie reviews And also maybe when some advanced screen takes to go see some movies early Trust me it's a cool website and you better go check it out And guys seriously you guys are all the best and I can't with talk more bender stuff. So until next time stay classy


Hello everyone. Welcome to another international relations capsule for the Shankar AAS Academy. Today we tell the story of a lost paradise. Sri Lanka, which was once a prosperous island, very modern, sophisticated, a tourist attraction and many ways a cosmopolitan society. Of course, the Tamil issue in Sri Lanka started fracturing that society some years ago and it must have brought the economic situation to some trouble at that time. Now that the war is over and there should be now rebuilding the nation, now we hear that there are very serious financial crisis in Sri Lanka. It did not happen all of a sudden. We knew it was coming but somehow we felt that this would be managed by the Sri Lankan government and so the news that has just come in about the very serious situation or they are not being able to pay for their imports, very important imports from abroad and therefore prices have gone up of everything. The value of the Sri Lankan rupee has gone down dramatically and in fact a few people have even started leaving Sri Lanka to come to Tamil Nadu just to rescue themselves from the very difficult situation. I'm not an economist but when I was reading the story of Sri Lanka and its details, I heard what Shakespeare said many years ago, neither a borrower nor a lender be or often lawn loses both itself and friend and this is a lesson that Sri Lanka did not learn. If you borrow money from others and spend it on unproductive projects, unproductive I mean projects which do not create returns to pay for the pay the interest of the loan and the principle of the loan, then naturally that country cannot survive and this is what has happened over the years. The most important reason for this neglect on the part of Sri Lankan authorities is the temptation of the Belt and Road Initiative of the Chinese. As you all know the Belt and Road Initiative has embraced the whole world, most countries in the world have accepted or joined the BRI even while knowing that this is a grand plan by the Chinese to dominate the world. But the attraction of the BRI was that they were giving these countries, the countries which needed most soft loans to build massive projects and these appeared to be very generous, very soft loans but what happened was all that was built under the BRI were projects which were not really of great relevance to the country's concern. These projects were designed by the Chinese on the basis of the money they had to spare on the basis of the workers and laborers whom they can send to these countries and on the basis of excess material cement and steel and others which were accumulating in China. So it was a very China centric move but it deceived people into thinking that China is a very benevolent country and is lifting the people out of poverty. But many of us including India, Government of India warned that this could be a debt trap and that was one of the reasons why we kept out of it because these were projects which were not priority to us and at the same time they imposed on us and the money has to be paid and huge amounts of money will be paid for projects which do not require the kind of facilities that these countries need. Much lower costs they could have built much more relevant projects. So these massive amounts of money that they received and you all know about the Haman Tota Port, they could not pay back the money and therefore they have given away the port to the Sri Lankans for 99 years and thus virtually cleared the debts by giving away the port to Sri Lankans. So this is one of the reasons but this is not the only reason we cannot just play the Chinese there have been other developments. The pandemic hit Sri Lanka very badly as we all know and that was a big blow to tourism industry and therefore their foreign exchange earnings started drying up in 29 particularly in 2020. Then there was this bombing of the church which also resulted in dropping in the introduction of tourists because a terrorist attack definitely created havoc in the country. So combined with these two things it became much worse than before and then there was this very unwise move by the government to replace all their chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers imported from China and completely replacing the existing architectural practices and this destroyed the tea industry. Tea and tourism were the major foreign exchange earners for Sri Lanka and tourism died because of the pandemic as well as the terrorist bombing and tea industry suffered heavily on account of this experiment with organic fertilizers and that was another big blow. So the conflict the Sri Lankan Tamil conflict then the pandemic then the bombing then the kind of situation that has developed over the economy and today it is unable to pay even the debt that is the debt servicing costs they don't have to have the money to pay. So the debt service cost which was 96% of the GDP in 2019 and 119% of the GDP in 2021. So which means your payment debt payment is more than all the money that you own that you that you create and the projection is that the public debt will remain 64% of the GDP till the year 2026. So you can imagine what the economic situations prices of essential import communities have risen to unprecedented levels and there is a trickling of as I mentioned the economic refugees to India. Sri Lanka has no choice except to reduce imports, adopt a tighter monetary policy and build foreign exchange reserves. These are easier said than done. President Gautabaya is in a fix of course his brother is the prime minister and the finance minister also a Rajapaksha. So he is thinking in terms of a dissolution of power. He can dissolve parliament after March 20th according to the constitution and he is counting the days for the dissolution rather than counting his dollars because he expects that the election will provide some kind of relief like a comic interlude in a tough tragic situation. So normally countries in such guide streets resort to loans from the international financial institutions like the IMF and the World Bank and the ADB etc. But with Sri Lanka's record of dynastic rule, poor governance and corruption, President Gautabaya was not very keen to go to the IMF. So instead he decided to ask friendly nations particularly China and India for additional financing to get over this problem. And later he also went to the IMF consultations. I'll come to that later. In his report on the consultations issued on February 25th, the IMF identified the possible reasons for the person's situation. The same that I mentioned earlier, the pandemic, vulnerability of external shocks and high risk to public debt sustainability, the Easter Sunday Terrorist Act 2019 and then policy changes including tax cuts in 2019 which contracted the GDP by 36% due to loss of tourism, loss of access to international sovereign bonds and market and the alarming deficits amounting to 10% of GDP. The civil war of course they don't mention but the civil war also resulted in the loss of several Tamil intellectuals and civil servants who used to be the backbone of the intelligentsia in Sri Lanka. So the IMF has recommended a tighter monetary policy, the building of international reserves and prudent management of infrastructure facilities like the Colombo port. Since none of these is easy to accomplish, no amount of possible assistance is going to rescue Sri Lanka from its tight spot. To restore macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability, IMF has recommended the implementation of a credible and coherent strategy covering both the near and medium term, a comprehensive set of policies with specific measures such as sustainable revenue-based fiscal condition solidation, fuel pricing policy, controlling inflation, restoring a market oriented and flexible exchange rate, development of social safety mechanism and other tough measures. And the IMF though it has complimented Sri Lanka on some aspects of the administration has been very critical and has predicted a bleak economic outlook for the future. As I mentioned earlier the IMF funds will take time to come but it will also come with conditionalities which the government may not be able to fulfill. So they first went to China and asked for a credit line of 2.5 billion US dollars to pay for all the imports so that ordinary people can live without starvation and difficulties. So the Chinese response was not immediate or favorable but the Chinese ambassador to Sri Lanka confirmed that China is considering a 1 billion dollar loan and a 1.5 billion credit line to purchase goods from China both of which would be new lines of financing without linking it up with the other projects like VRR. Because he gave no details as to when this money will come and how it will come and what the conditions would be. Of course they have the lessons of BRI and therefore much more cautious and in any case they have no choice and therefore they are considering as to how best they can bank on China. It is no secret that China's agenda is to subjugate Sri Lanka economically that we all know. India on the other hand has very quickly and promptly extended a 1 billion dollar credit facility to Sri Lanka to assist the island nation to enable it to procure food, medicines and other essential items. External Affairs Minister tweeted that this was a key element of the package of support extended by India and this was in the spirit of neighborhood first policy and India stands ready to give these US dollars 1 billion. And certainly the external affairs minister, Rishan Swiranka today to discuss this further and maybe there will be further enhancement of the Indian support. So you all know that we were at a disadvantage in Sri Lanka because of China's generosity and Sri Lankan's successive governments went to China rather than to India for any assistance that they required. But this time it has become very clear that China is not rising to the location and China is not benevolent like India to give credit lines because their agenda is very different. So the commentators are saying that this particular crisis has brought Sri Lanka closer to India rather than to China whether it is a temporary period or whether their heart has changed we do not know. But certainly they were getting much bigger concessions from China and therefore naturally they went after them. The successive Sri Lankan governments have been generally socialists in their approach and many of their projects are aimed at pleasing the public and this is something a characteristic of socialistic communist governments. Of course Sri Lanka is not communist but there is a tendency on their part also to use borrowed money to undertake populist measures to get more votes and therefore money is available in plenty but unless they are invested in viable projects with adequate returns for paying the interest as well as the principle the consequences will be disastrous. The present controversy in Kerala many of you may have heard about a high speed railway line it is known as the K line which would cost about one lakh crores of rupees is being pressed by the communist government and all this money is supposed to come from borrowings and the concern in the country in the state not only by the opposition but also the general public there are two concerns one is that a lot of land of the poor people will be taken to set up this huge project which will take a traveller from Tiruvannamthapuram to Kasargod in three hours now it is more than 12 or 14 hours and just for that is it worth building a super rail service and this is being pointed out as an obsession there has been resistance to the project but also from the opposition but also from the public on considerations of losing land and also about environmental degradation. The resistance move has only hardened the position of the government but unlike Sri Lanka Kerala has a supervisory authority in the central government will keep an eye on this and they will not be able to behave like Sri Lanka has done but the lesson that not only Kerala but also anyone who has development assistance program is that spending borrowed money on unproductive projects beyond its means and running the risk of endangering its people people's lives would be a lesson to learn from Lanka so we are looking at a period say 22 to 26 about four years time for Sri Lanka to set its house in order and hopefully nothing else will happen and they'll be able to put this together and the government will deal with corruption and corrupt bureaucracy and work hard and but these four years the people will suffer a lot we do not know whether there will be any discriminatory treatment of the thumbnails which may prompt them to quickly come to India as refugees there was some discussion about whether they would be accepted as refugees at this point but it is only a trickle not too many have arrived and people don't know how they arrived also poor people how did they pay for those boats and how did they arrive in Tamil Nadu is a mistake but as it happened in the past if this happens that'd be another dimension to be to the whole problem so it's a sad site of what was considered a paradise near India and a friendly country a democratic country at that is now gone to this situation let's hope some wise policies and some assistance from India and Sri Lanka they'll be able to regain the paradise which has been lost thank you well the percentage that they have to pay is very very high 64 percent of all your earnings paying back as debt relief that is not a helpful situation I'm sure they'll recover from it but but certainly this would be a very hard time for them yes that is an accepted fact even the Sri Lanka government will accept that when the whole thing is in the hands of one family or Rajabakshis they have been in politics for a long time and they have themselves admitted it and good bureaucracy has also been lost after the war because the Tamils have been sidelined I remember in the Sri Lankan mission in New York and wherever else I have served there are very good Tamil diplomats Sri Lankan diplomats who are of Tamil origin but none of them is there but of course you must have heard yesterday they've closed down all their embassies abroad because the expenditure and running these embassies is too much for them that may be a saving but they'll also dry up their contacts with institutional institutionary financial institutions and other governments to brief them about the problems and try to generate some financing so it'll be a lot it will be a gain on the savings that they accumulate to them by closing these embassies but at the same time in important countries they may have to maintain some office of some kind particularly in Washington in Beijing in Italy etc and that will still cost money yes remember the time when we had no foreign exchange at all but then after that we had the liberalization, globalization and dramatic growth in the economy. I was in Delhi during Mr. Chandrasheep's Prime Ministry ship then we did not have to have the money to buy anything and therefore we had to export our gold reserves in order to pay for the petrol and other necessities but the difference between Sri Lanka and India is Sri Lanka has no production of any kind they concentrate on tourism and therefore tourism does not create anything and the tourists stop coming that is the end of it and that is sudden and immediate and no food. Sri Lanka did not import milk at all can you believe it all their milk came from New Zealand and Australia so they have no infrastructure to produce anything for the people and so then what happens if the people are starving and they cannot get petrol so this is the situation they are in and therefore it's a basically a structural problem also because if they're not just being a country with a ship-to-mouth existence there are plenty of things in the market but none of that was produced in Sri Lanka and even the fertilizers if they were producing and having a good crop of tea suddenly was removed and because of some deal with China organic fertilizers was brought in and the agricultures did not know how to deal with it and also they did not know how to stop the fall in production and so the the best in the world comes from Sri Lanka and if they cannot sell it then what is the purpose what is the way in which they can recover so it's a little more gloomy than the kind of situation we have been through because of the fundamental difference in the economic structure so but I'm sure they'll overcome but the longer it becomes the crisis will become serious and of course in the Tamil areas there's already a political problem and the Sri Lankans believe that they are no minority or majority everybody is equal and therefore there's no need for them to do anything by way of a political settlement of the Tamil issue and Tamil leadership also is very weak and therefore it'll take some time for them to recover from the present situation and you know seek redressal of their grievances politically because all sudden done the war may have been won by the government but we know we know history this is a it's a cycle you may defeat somebody today but the idea does not die the idea has remained and unless you sold them by political means and meet their needs which are vital and legitimate then that will be the beginning of another strife so that is something which they need to understand but at the moment the focus is not on that that the form in the focus is people will have to survive they need to their need their essential goods and that is what they are trying with India's supply of material from India and China helping out and eventually IMF money will also come but then all that has to be fully utilized better utilized because if Mr Rajapaksha goes for an election now he may be dead because people will think that you know a non-government is better than a non-government but Premadasa the leader of the opposition is also trying to win the people's hearts so that'll be another event which will take place but on the whole unless you live within our means unless we do not accept money and spend it on unprotected purposes no country can survive but Sri Lanka is a small country people are homogeneous to a certain extent and intelligent people so they should be able to overcome it that's all that we can say. Thank you very much. Bye-bye.


Mention India in Russia, the Middle East, or even Africa, and chances are someone or the other will break into Merajuta He Jaapani from Sri 420. The person responsible for this widespread acceptance was none other than Raj Kapoor, who communicated with the world in the language of cinema and love. He travelled extensively showcasing Indian cinema to the international audience, winning their personal and professional appreciation at the same time. The R.K. Banner became the hot house of many a young talented professionals of their time. Through the decades, it continued to launch the artist who became the darling of the masses. He was a true Indian legend. How often do you come across a person who refuses the biggest national awards? The answer would be very rarely. Sitar maestro Ustad Vilayat Khan did just that time and again. Such was the stature of Ustad ji that other prominent artists would usually refuse to be referred to as Ustad in front of him. Music was his only inheritance. His entire world was the Sitar. He started mesmerizing audiences at the tender age of 12. His mastery and hold over the seven notes would make people gasp. Ustad ji was a darling of international audiences. One of the biggest reasons for this was that he was the first one to explain his craft through musical phrases. He would often sing out what he would play. His firm conviction being that music is for everybody. He brought the world closer, not just to his music, but to the entire range of Hindustani classical music. A musical genius, a true disciple of music, a true Indian legend. He is one of the few people who know that when a tiger walks unafraid and unthreatened, our heritage is retained for future generations. Meet Valmik Thapa, an authority in tiger conservation, a wildlife photographer, the tiger man of India. Saving the tiger means saving the forest, every living organism and water. 600 rivers are born in forest India. So when you save it, you save the water supply of a nation. He is credited with almost single-handedly saving the tiger from being wiped out. I am very happy knowing that I contribute a tiny little amount in the larger process of saving the tiger. Valmik Thapa, a committed conservationist, the tiger man of India, a true Indian legend.  The sound signified to the world that India after a long time had a bowler capable of generating disconcerting speed. The bowler was Kapal Dev, the wisdom Indian cricketer of the century. The speed of the hour required to be the ball little fast. We didn't plan. It just happened. It happened so beautifully. He led us against all odds to a remarkable World Cup crime for 1983. We played well. We played like a team. I think the ball was moving towards us. He did. What few Indian cricketers have been able to do. Both fast and take wickets by the hat full. Batsman, bowler and captain, he was overwrought neither by his adversaries nor by situation. You want to succeed doesn't matter. You live in village. It is your own determination. Make all the difference. As far as I am concerned, I love my country. Kapal Dev, a winner as a captain, a resilient sportman, a true Indian legend. At the age of 20, he was the first Indian to obtain a commercial pilot's license. His first flight from Karachi to Bombay in October 15, 1932, started civil aviation in the subcontinent. A little later, he set up the Tata Airlines, which was later renamed Air India. He reenacted his first flight at the age of 78 and was an honorary Air Vice Marshal of the Indian Air Force as well. When 34, GRD became the head of the Tata Empire, which thanks to his genius soon became India's leading industrial house. GRD was that rare businessman who transcended the world of business because the objective of his life was not to make money, but to build industry. India honoured GRD with a Bharath Rakhna and he would remain in our collective memory as one of the builders of modern India. GRD Tata industrialist, aviator, humanitarian, our true Indian legend.


Okay, so your character isn't exactly the same as the Unreal Mannequin, and you're not sure how to augment the skeleton. Not a problem. So here you can see that we have the original Unreal 5 skeleton straight from the engine, and it really only has bones that a normal human being would have.  So the question is, how do you do that without f***ing up the skeleton? Well, the rule is pretty simple. You can add whatever bones you want, no problem. You just can't delete the old bones. So for example, my character has more feminine proportions than the original Unreal 5 Mannequin. So if I wanted to add new bones to control the boobs, then I can really just go ahead and add new bones. And if I want to do the same thing for the butt, it's basically the exact same process. We can add those new bones too. Adding new bones is not a problem. But if you do something like delete the left hand, even if your character has no hand, when you export to Unreal, then Unreal is probably gonna scream at you and tell you that it's missing some bones. Now the second thing that you really have to be careful about is not f***ing up the rotation of the joints. Unreal and Maya share a rig joint system. Blender operates on a bone system. This is why Unreal works very well with Maya, but doesn't really work well with Blender. Every single normal rig joint has a direction and a rotation. And if you want to be able to use Unreal 5's retargeting and replacement animation system, then your bones need to share the same rotation as the originals. This is why most people's rigs fall apart and need to go through major retargeting when they get to Unreal. A lot of beginners make the mistake of dragging the joints like this to fit their character. But watch what happens to the rotation of the hand if we try and do that. I want you to pay attention to the direction the hand is facing normally. Now if we move it up here to fit our character, it might seem like nothing is wrong. But check out the rotation. See that? It still thinks it's facing this direction, even though it clearly should be facing towards the fingers. The easiest way to get around this is when you are adjusting the original rig to fit your new character, move and rotate the skeleton joints naturally. Do not drag them around to a new position one joint at a time. Rotate them naturally until they are organized the way your character needs them to be. If you do it this way, your rig is way more likely to make it to Unreal without any errors. Now I personally have made my own custom joint system specifically to help me with this purpose. If you would like to use my Unreal Skeleton placement system, you can download it for free from my art station. Basically the way it works is it uses nerves that are oriented exactly the same way as Unreal 5's skeleton, which I can then move, stretch or rotate and place exactly where I want for my new character. The reason this system helps is because I disable the nerves from being able to rotate, move or stretch in ways that would break the skeleton. So for example, the hips can basically go wherever you want and you can change things like the length of the legs, the lengths of the shins and the lengths of the forearm, but you can't actually rotate them in ways that would break them. The only direction you can rotate them is in ways they naturally go. If you are using my system then it's pretty straightforward. Disable all these selection types except for nerve. Start with the root bones first like the pelvis, then work your way outwards to the outer limbs like the hips, the shins, the toes, and while you're doing this you might notice that the twist joints in the middle of the hips, shins, biceps and forearms all adjust themselves automatically. So you don't need to manually move them into places. Just go through each joint and rotate or extend it naturally until everything fits your character. And everything is mirrored in real time so you only have to do things once on the left side. And remember all of the real IK and FK rig stuff is controlled and unreal. The only thing that matters before you get to unreal is that the joints and skin are weight-painted properly. So once you've placed all the joints where you want you can then start adding your new joints for your ears, your tails, your chest, but whatever. Weight-painted the way you normally would and export to your engine guilt-free no errors necessary. Now if you do get errors like the bind skin error then my free skeleton system also comes with the mail script that you would need in order to fix those errors. So basically you just follow my previous tutorial and then copy and paste the last piece of code in this text file to create a new bind pose and get rid of the error. So that is a completely free option that is available to you if you need it. But yeah that is how you edit the skeleton without breaking it. Hope that helps and as always I hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


He just be staring at me, man, and it's like, man, do it again. I'm like, I see that. I said, that's the young K.A. See, I'm gonna tell you why. It was like that with court, right? First of all, when court came, we was in his apartment that he had us in. Yeah, he told me, and hey, isn't that what? He would, he would, that's what he said. It was three n****s, bro. Me and that, me, serve, Mia, and Moby. Yeah, we on boss talk, one on one, one on one. I don't have to worry about telling you, now you need to change this, and do this, and do this, and do this, and do this. So it's like when, when I hear, when I hear something in an artist, and I see them, it's nothing about them I wanna change. Because that's what I'm looking for. Wow, well, wait a minute, now I gotta call y'all on that. Only I gotta call, call Big Court. Big Court's, now this one, it was y'all. Now see this, the young K.A. This is the young K.A. This is the young K.A. No, he said Big Court, he looked to the side, like. Big Court say, man, I came up to California, how would a Haywarder somewhere, and he said, when I would rap, man, he'd just be stirring at me, man. When P flew us out to Oakland, he had an apartment where everybody stayed in Hayward. Okay. And it was when I met Beach by the pound, I met KLC, Moby Dick, it was Mia, Servon, all of them were in an apartment. And KLC used to be so hard on me. We ended up going out there to do the Down South Hustlers. We did the song R.I.P. So a lot of people are just putting together 20-something years ago that that's me on the inside of the cover, on the CCG cover. But so we ended up recording the album out there as well. It was the first time we got to meet K.L.O. You know, we got to meet from out eating. These are the folks that was doing too short. You know, we thought we'd made it. It's up, it's up, it banks and all over. Yeah, man, isn't KLC used to like, I felt like he used to make me stay after class. Like, you know what I'm saying? He would just stand. I would be in there doing my verse and he would stand in the window and just look at me. Do it again, bro. Do it again, bro. And he would just stare at me while I'd be, and I'd be like, read my, I don't even stand in me. Like, KLC was so hard on me back then. Do you appreciate it now? I did, of course. He was trying to make me better. He was trying to pull, you know, the best out of me. Yeah, for sure. Through the window. Through the window. I said, what? He'd say, he'd just be staring at me, man. And it was like, man, do it again. I'm like, I see that. I said, that's the young K.L.O. I'm gonna tell you why this, this, this, it was like that was court, right? First of all, when court came, we was in his apartment that he had us in. Yeah, he told me, and hey, is it, he would, he would, that's what he said. It was three n****s, bro. Me and that, me, serve, me, and Moby. Okay, that's what he said. He said, he said, beats by, beats by the pound. Was there, that's him. But it was just me and Moby. It was just me and Moby. This was before the rest came, because this, this is the hotel where we started Beats by the Pound. This is where it all started. Was he there at the time when it all started? The court. In fact, court, this, this was before we came down and got all of these artists. Okay. This was when I came now, and it was only me, me, a serve, and Moby. Okay. So when we up there, we working with Elle Eaton, two-shot producer, who was up, there was a couple of producers that we worked with. I know Elle Eaton was one, K.L.O. So court was a product that P bought in. Okay, yeah. He said that. So it wasn't on me. So now the reason why I was so hard on court was, was that one of the guys, he was the one that was in a group with him. Yeah, yeah. He talked about it. The manager. No, he said he wanted a guy, the one that didn't like Master P. He didn't like Master P. No, he didn't like P. No, he said he didn't like him because he was trying to get him. He wanted to advance. He thought he would, and court was like, this is an opportunity, so they was having issues about that. But see, the thing about what court was, was that court from Kansas. Yeah. Kansas City, Missouri. Kansas City, Missouri. Let me get that straight. Let me get that. You know about it. Right, right, right. So when I take in somebody, first of all, they're from where I'm from. Where are you from? So, but when court came in, it changed. He came in to P. So my thing is, as a matter of fact, outside of Big Ad, and the one that was with True, court was like the first one that P bought in. In. That's what he said. Outside of what he had and what I had. Yeah. So when P bought him in, I'm just trying to figure out why I'm not gonna make this work because court was dope, though. But his sound was different. But his sound and his lingo was different. That's, that is something else. This is different. That's what that's what Masterpiece saw. Right. But you know, it was to the point like when court came in as a producer, certain things by me being from New Orleans, I didn't have to tell Slim because it's just the New Orleans in them. Correct. It's just gonna come natural. So I'm just trying to fix a way to make it work with me and court. Now I knew I was holding on. Now you think about this. I was holding on to anything. But listen, though. It made him better, though. But think about it. It was nothing. It was to make him better. But think. Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101. 101.