Good morning everyone welcome to this third round of virtual training on the SDG indicator to for one My name is the stephania bachi. I am Italian and I am a statistician working in the statistics division of FAO at quarter since 2008 I Immediately give the floor to a spandia for the official welcome address And they are to you. Thank you very much So Good afternoon everyone and a very warm welcome to all of you on behalf of statistics division of FAO on this First day of the virtual training on SDG to for one. I made the corona virus pandemic This is the third in the series of the three virtual trainings of which we have organized to successfully in September for selected countries from Asian and Latin American and Caribbean region My name is And I work as an economist with statistics division of FAO at its headquarters in Rome And we'll be your leading resource person for these these three days of virtual training For this training. I'm joined by my colleague stephania bachi who already introduced herself She is the one behind making all the organizational arrangements for this training And we'll be playing a key role of facilitator during the course of the next three days For this training, we are expected to be joined by around 80 esteemed officials from 10 countries Belonging to Africa near east Europe Central Asia and these countries include Armenia Belarus Burkina Faso Malawi Mali Oman Russian Federation Uganda Ukraine and united Arab Emirates Let me highlight that we have already collaborated with several of these countries at various stages of the methodological development of SDG 241 Especially Russian Federation That contributed to the methodology and its different aspects And Oman that got trend on the indicator methodology last year We will have a good mix of participants with diverse backgrounds including representatives from national statistical offices Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Environment and other institutions and organization relevant to sustainability issues We are also joined by FAO colleagues from from the headquarters here in Rome and different regions sub regional and country offices We hope that this virtual training will be a great opportunity for all of you to enhance your understanding about the fundamental building blocks of SDG 241 And its policy use when it gets implemented The training will be interactive As we gradually in a fierce manner will cover the different aspect of the indicator That is its conceptual and methodological basis scope and coverage the data collection and analysis tools and processes and mechanisms for reporting it back to FAO As we move along we will take breaks for questions and discussion and try to answer the questions that you may have We would like to extend thanks to Mr. Georgie the regional statistician for Europe and Central Asia And Ms. Katerina assistant liaison officer for Russian Federation of FAO Mr. Paul the regional statistician for Africa Ms. Nancy Chin the regional statistician for Near East and North Africa We are also joined by other colleagues From FAO regional country staff and we are very thankful for their contribution in supporting us with the organizational aspects of this training Especially making the last minute arrangements for Russian translation, which we really appreciate Most importantly, we would like to express our gratitude and profound appreciation to the country institution and organizations for supporting this training and their nominated representatives And officials who have made room in their busy schedule to attend this training in these extra ordinary circumstances We are expecting to have an active participation and constructive discussion throughout this training. Thank you very much once again With this brief introduction, I will now leave the floor again to Stefania Okay. Thank you. Thank you for this introductory speech Let me share with you my screen now Uh, sure. Okay Can you can you see my screen? Yes, yes, we can see it. Okay. Sorry. I had some strange messages. That's why I was doubting. Okay so Okay, now it is Let me give you immediately some quick A few instructions Actually, they were already listed in the concept notes, but it's important now to highlight again a few Uh, preferably use a pc or a laptop and not a mobile phone or a tablet This is because the content sometimes could be heavy to follow So it's important to have this green And also that you are comfortable in a silent place with no background noise, please Or echo and that you have a clear vision of your monitor Uh, a suggestion, please turn off all the sound sub notifications Skype, whatsapp emails and whatever If you have connectivity issues, so if our voice breaks or the video freeze Close the other application that you might have opened on your computer If it doesn't work Also, maybe you can check through your house or your office or wherever you are if you can switch off some devices You can access the zoom from all devices Both via web browser or via the application But the download of the application is strongly recommended Uh, both for a better user experience, of course But also because the simultaneous translation is only available through the application. So not via the browser Please consider that also zoom regularly provides a new version of the application So it's strongly recommended that you check That your zoom application is updated So that you know that all the new features works on your application and also to enhance the security Of it To do so, it's very quick. Very easy. You just open the application and click on your profile picture That is in the top right of the zoom window and then You check for updates if there is a new version zoom will download and install it Here it's displayed. Sorry For a better sound quality, please do not use our built-in computer microphone But it's preferable to use a usb headset with an integrated microphone or a wired earphone microphone But not bluetooth. I mean, this is a suggestion, of course If several participants use one unique microphone, please make sure that who he is speaking is close to the microphone For future use Sessions will be recorded and uploaded on the sdg web page probably So in case you don't want to show your face, please keep your camera off even when you are talking Let's go now through a few rules First of all, please follow the meeting the mute mode And click unmute Only when you are speaking or when you are giving the floor This is because today we are almost 100 participants And often it can happen that we have noises in the background that disturbs the trainers So we kindly ask also to have the camera switched off For not overloading the internet bandwidth. You can switch on the camera when you are speaking The two icons are quite intuitive and on the bottom left of the zoom interface If you have a question write in the chat box that you have one and wait for the sdg 2 for one team to give you the floor You unmute yourself you If you want you have the video turned off turn on sorry And unless of course, of course, you don't want to Uh, but please be ready to turn it off in case of poor connection You speak loud and close to the microphone, please And state your name and your question And when you finish you mute yourself back and you switch off the camera You can also raise the hand virtually for the quest in the floor. You just need to look for this symbol Uh, it is of course the hand raise function And it is in the participants menu so you can find it in the participants menu The floor will be passed to participants based on the order that appears on my screen Of course to the extent possible And if many questions are asked Don't worry, we will answer all of that all of them, but we will consolidate them by subjects Uh, and Still if there will be too many, maybe we will answer the following day But please be sure that we'll reply all of them Please ensure that your name And the country names appear in the name box to do this You just click on the dots appearing in the right hand corner of your image box You select rename and you insert your country name and last name Please this is very important for us because when we receive the questions we know immediately Which country are you from? From time to time we will be asking questions as a sort of quizzes through the poll function in zoom Uh, so please don't hesitate to ask clarification if something is not clear Since you will be asked to reply to all questions Finally, whatever issues you have, please write me. You can use the private chat You just need to change it easily in the general chat. You just need to change this The recipient's name I will be happy to help you for any kind of doubts question or technical matters you might have So as you know interpretation is available in russian and can be selected through In the bottom bar You if you prefer to follow the training in russian, you switch on to the russian channel by clicking here here as it is displayed You will hear the your translation at 80 volume with the original speaker at 20 So you can still hear tone and intonation for a greater understanding, of course Please be in mind that it's in a virtual meeting Audio quality may deteriorate unexpectedly and become insufficient for interpretation purpose So our interpreters will indicate this verbally and resume interpretation as soon as the sounds quality permits We have mrs. Xenia Panefkina and mr. Egor Kokriashinkin Sorry for the presentation They are our two interpreters today. You can see the word interpreter close to their names Please pay attention to the icons. So if you see the flags indicating the languages This is just an event. So it's displayed in spanish, but it's just for you to understand I mean this Uh picture here on the left So if you see the flags, it means that your zoom application is not updated So in that case, please update it before going forward You need to see instead the The the initials of the languages everything is displayed here. You see rule rule, which is the russian so Yeah, sorry So that's all for now. I hope everybody was clear in case not, you know, I am available through the chat And now Let's start The training Let me stop the sharing I switch on my video so you can see me again Okay, so let's start the training the agenda for today is quite concentrated We are going to learn about some of the sdg indicators and of course we will concentrate on the sdg 241 Specifically, we will see all the 11 sub indicators that compose the three dimensions The economic the environmental and the social dimensions Today, we should pay big attention to all that as from the yard will be explaining because it's the fundamental part of the whole training So let's start immediately the first session introduced the 21 sdg indicators and then under feo custodial sheets So as from the yard, you have the floor Stefan, can you please confirm if you can see my presentation? Yes Okay, perfect So, so let's begin. So before we dive deep into the methodology of sdg 241 and start disentangling its complexity step by step In this very first presentation, I will give you an overview of the sdg indicators under feo custodianship With focus obviously on the progress that we have made until so far both And capacity development friends During the course of the presentation I will also introduce to you our future plans for capacity development that is technical assistance and trainings And support to country data collection and reporting efforts to facilitate national regional and global monitoring of feo sdg indicators Briefly, we will cover the following key points in this presentation The 21 as feo sdg indicators and its current kf status Our work on sdg indicators so far on various fronts. That is methodological capacity development and support to data collection and reporting The overview of our potential future lines of work in support of maximizing data reporting on sdgs And lastly the presentation will illustrate Important resources that we have developed that is e-learning courses and website links, etc Where you will find additional and detailed information on feo sdgs So let me begin by giving you an hour arching and holistic overview of the global indicator framework and the process that was adopted by united nation for its Implementation and operate operationalizations at the national regional and global levels The global indicator framework comprises of 231 unique indicators And it was endorsed by the united nation journal assembly in july 2017 So in order to carry forward over see and manage this process The united nation statistical commission was made responsible for development and implementation of sdg monitoring framework and in addition an Interagency and expert group on sustainable development Goal indicators that is i a e g sdg Was constituted to prepare initial proposals on the methodology and to oversee this work until 2030 The i a e g sdg has 28 countries as members which represent their respective regions An important point to note is that the process with i a e g sdg has been fully led And owned by countries with international Organization only serving as observers So based on the level of methodological development and the availability of data on the respective sdg indicators the i a e g sdg has divided the indicators into three cares Tier one uh being indicators which are conceptually clear and and and Internationally established methodology and standards are available And that data are regularly produced by more than 50 percent of the countries And of the population in every region where the indicator is relevant Tier two being the indicators That should be clear and methodology and standards are available But data are not regularly produced by countries or is produced by less than 50 percent of the countries or population in each region And tier three are those indicators for which an internationally established methodology or standards does not yet exist But uh, but methodology are and standards are being or will be developed or tested As of 51 51st session of the united nation statistical commission The global indicator framework does not contain any tier three indicators So all of the indicators have already been uh reclassified either s tier two or uh r tier one So in order to support the methodological development and monitoring process For each sdg indicator a custodian un agency was identified and was assigned the following responsibilities First to lead the methodological development and documentation of the indicators Secondly, it supports statistical capacity of countries to generate and disseminate national data Thirdly to collect data from national sources Ensure its Comparability and consistency and disseminate it at the global level And lastly to contribute to monitoring the progress at the global regional and national levels for example to Develop story lines and data for annual sdg reports and agency flagship publications Now the global indicators are a core set of matrices that all countries are invited to monitor and report to custodian un agencies The key point to remember is that if national data are not produced regional and global indicators cannot be uh produced Another important point to be noted is that global indicators can be complemented And this is very important But not replaced with national or regional indicators This is as per paragraph 75 of the united nation resolution on on the 20 30 Based on data produced by countries With national statistical offices having a key coordinating role at the national level for international reporting So even if the estimates for some indicators are produced by the international organizations prior consultation triangulation and validation is needed or required with countries before it is published by the custodian agency Are custodian un agency for 21 sdg indicators and a contributing agency for five others Primarily related to food and agriculture space In this capacity FAO is supporting country efforts and monitoring the 2030 agenda The 21 sdg indicators are spread across six goals that include Gold to which is on food security nutrition and sustainable agriculture Gold five on gender equity gold six on use of water gold 12 on sustainable consumption and production Gold 14 on oceans and gold 15 on life on on land So FAO as a custodian un agency for 21 sdg indicators We are responsible for large statistical capacity development global data collection and its dissemination global progress reports and a voluntary review submitted by the countries to FAO and communication and advocacy around the 21 sdg indicators in terms of FAO work on sdg indicators back in 2000 Of the 21 sdg indicators 13 were tier 3 indicators This means that FAO had to develop new methodological proposals and concentration with countries and compile it with IA e.g. sdg criteria for tier 3 declassification This was the case for indicators 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4.1 2.3.1 and so on For some sdg indicators FAO also had to develop new international definitions for key concepts For example definition of small scale food producers in case of sdg indicator 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 And a definition of rural urban areas, which is used for desegregation of many sdgs is The work of course didn't stop at the methodological development stage sorry Yes, sorry to interrupt you. Is it possible to use a headset because the translators would prefer if you can Use the headset. Okay. Just hold on for one second. Thank you We can't hear you. I don't know if you're talking Hello, Stefania. Can you hear me now? Yes, now. Yes. Thank you. Thank you Yes, okay, perfect. Sorry for that No, don't worry So I was telling you that the work Didn't stop at the methodological development stage but continued at a fast pace We are in addition to methodological development for all indicators under our custodianship We developed improved data collection tools Guidelines and supporting material to facilitate country reporting on the on the newly developed methodologies And and to improve it and endorse it with IAEG sdg this slide summarizes Creators with red being tier three yellow being tier two and green tier one Now as of November 2015 13 indicators back then were tier three five four tier two and only three were tier one This meant a lot of our work was focused on methodological development of the indicators back in 2015 Hence given the intensity of the work involved we as FAO realigned our work programs Both strategically and operationally to support the methodological development of the tier three indicators with the four years of Teams responsible for respective sdgs at FAO headquarter while leveraging a participatory consultative and inclusive process and most importantly With the support from officials and experts from countries international organizations private sector and academia We were able to establish methodological basis for all the remaining tier three indicators As you may see in the matrix currently none of the indicator remains as tier three in parallel with the methodological development Lots of our efforts were targeted to support countries to enable them start adopting Implementing and reporting data on the 21 sdg indicators under our custodianship this included testing For organization of its methodologies development of e-learning courses organization of country regional and global training workshops to build statistical capacity of the countries and development of a comprehensive sdg data and communication portal that serve as a one-stop shop for all information on sdg indicators our new vision for 2019 to 2030 of courses to scale up capacity And our efforts to support to maximize country reporting the aim of These training workshops including this very virtual training visit that is progressing now Has been to invite countries to collaborate on testing of the new methods that were developed enlarge the pool of sdg monitoring experts at the country level Facilitates south-south cooperation amongst the country so 50 plus training workshops Between 2017 and 2020 that were participated by experts from 150 plus countries belonging to all regions of the world The ultimate focus was obviously to increase the number of data points. That is the number of reporting countries In order to facilitate countries in developing their understanding of the sdg indicators We have also prepared e-learning courses for almost all the 21 sdg indicators That have now been published and available freely online on FAO dedicated sdg portal These are excellent resources that will help you get acquainted with indicator methodology data collection and reporting as your own convenience Here are some of the e-learning courses And some more courses that that were that that are already available on our FAO sdg portal We are currently in process of finalizing the e-learning course on 1471 Which is an sdg indicator related to where you added for sustainable fisheries One of the key feature of these e-learning courses is that We have added recently a feature that upon successful completion of the e-learning course the You will be awarded a course completion certificate All of the information on these e-learning courses can be accessed by clicking this link here Going forward With our first steps to pursue and implement for future activities, particularly those focused on capacity development which includes first Further work on various methodological aspects of the indicators and its testing that is data desegregation techniques Forecasting now casting and small-area estimation to facilitate reporting on the 21 sdg indicators under our custodianship The second is In collaboration with our member states to carry out data gap assessments at the national level The third one is to further strengthen our engagement with national stakeholders Particularly particularly on the alignment of national and regional indicator frameworks with sdgs Which we believe In doing so will reduce data collection and reporting burden on the countries that already face resource constraints Another key area of work would be to provide support in further development and implementation of new data collection tools Including alternative data sources and new means of data collection Like cell phones and computer assisted web interviews, especially amid corona virus pandemic that has slowed down if not start the face-to-face data collection due to travel restrictions We will continue to provide capacity development through Including through virtual trainings To support countries in the adoption implementation and reporting of the FAO sdg indicators And lastly to provide technical assistance and improving the analysis and use of sdg indicators in making informed decisions And the practical policies at the national level With this, I will close this presentation Um for general information on sdgs, please don't hesitate to write to the office of the chief statistician That coordinate the sdg work of FAO at the global regional and national level using the first email address For matters related to sdg 241 You can reach out to us using the dedicated email address sdg 241 dash indicator at FAO.org Thank you very much Stefania the floor is yours. Yes Sorry, okay. There I am. Okay. Thank you Spandaya for this introductory presentation to the sdg under the FAO world So as he said we have 21 sdg indicator in FAO, but you know that in this training We are focusing only one The 241 so proportion of our agriculture area and the productive and sustainable agriculture So uh, Spandaya, you have again the floor for introducing to all the participants of this indicator We don't have any questions until so far Not yet Okay, perfect So before I you know, so the as Stefania mentioned the focus of our training Today is on sdg indicator 2.4.1 Which is defined as proportion of agriculture area under productive and sustainable agriculture The core objective of this three-day training are to first and foremost I will walk you through the sdg 241 conceptual and methodological basis Is compilation and interpretation. We will cover this part predominantly today Tomorrow, we will focus on the tools and instrument developed for collecting and reporting data on the indicator You will get to know about the survey questionnaire and related documents sdg 241 in context of agris survey and 50 by 2030 initiative and also the FAO data collection questionnaire Which is an instrument developed by FAO to collect data from from the member countries On the third day, we will discuss with you the data gaps And your concrete plans in the short medium and long term To collect data on the indicator in order to bridge those gaps and then finally report it to FAO And lastly and overall aim of this training is also to unite and Or assemble key stakeholders at the country level Those who are responsible for collecting and reporting that data that is representatives from the national statistical office But also those responsible for using this data for evidence-based policies Or sub national level That is the representatives from the ministry of agriculture and other relevant institutions So to contextualize if highlighted in the previous presentation at FAO We developed global public goods that is methodology standards and classification systems in coordination Consultation and close partnership with key stakeholders at all levels To give you some historical perspective in early 2016 the FAO strategic program was To improve agriculture and rural statistics Join forces to develop the pioneer methodology for the then tf3 sdg indicator 2.4.1 To measure progress towards target 2.4 Now as many of you may know defining and measuring sustainable agriculture, which is a multi-dimensional concept is challenging as it is complex and country specific And thus despite several attempts in the past 50 years since 1970 has never been done before Given the multi-dimensionality of the sustainability concept FAO initiated a global discussion to deliberate the fundamental questions That is what sustainability means in the context of agriculture What are its fundamental building blocks? What are the economic social and environmental factors that that effect and are in turn affected by sustainability in agriculture both in inter-temporal and Aspects to keep as part of the framework and what to let go off And how to strike a balance between different sustainability issues faced by different regions and countries How it will be measured and monitored consistently over time using a framework and data collection tool that are that are universal As you will find out in the course of this training the methodology is simple and involve are thematic rules to arrive at sustainability assessment of the country once the data has been collected cleaned processed and analyzed The approved and endorsed methodology of stg-2 for one is a result of this long participatory and conceptative process that involved discussions with and contribution of thematic or subject matters experts statisticians policy makers and researchers from And ministry of agriculture International organizations civil society private sector and academia on this very issue The reason behind us involving ecstasy coders with diverse backgrounds Was to make sure that this indicator is owned by everybody, especially countries The current methodology of stg-2 for one embodies this principle that is it is universal policy relevant and practical The way the methodology of this Dimensional indicator is designed and you will see that as we progress during this training. It's very simple logical And and easy to implement This was to ensure Sustainability of the indicator monitoring over time at the at the country level so with this With this brief context Let me begin the training now stg-2 Zero hunger has five targets the target that we are interested in today is 2.4 Which is written and extensive here As you can see like many other stg targets. This is a very complex one We highlighted in red some of the key aspects that needs to be captured as we try to measure progress towards this target sustainability resilience productivity production and environmental This climate change soil quality, etc all in one single target clearly This would require an approach that captures these different dimensions or aspects The indicator that was submitted to ieg stg and was approved in march 2015 Is proportion of agriculture area under productive and sustainable agriculture or stg-2 for one The indicator is now tier 2 Which means that the methodology of the indicator has now been approved and endorsed in october 2018 With further refinements in the biodiversity Subindicator endorsed in november 2019 However in general data is Not yet available or partially available As for country reporting is concerned The formula we propose too much of the indicator is very simple and straightforward It is the area under productive and sustainable agriculture divided by the agriculture land area So let us focus on the denominator first The agriculture land area Which is defined as arable land plus permanent crops and permanent meadows and pastures It is a well-known and established concept That is collected by statistical bodies In countries and compiled internationally via a questionnaire by f.a.o and It's disseminated through f.a.o stat which is an online platform developed by f.a.o whereby apart from Issues related to agriculture land area you will you will see many other thematic domains which are tracked On yearly basis for all the member states The issue obviously is with the numerator of the formula How do we measure area under productive and sustainable agriculture? Now what it what was cleared from the description of the target? um We have to look at sustainability across its Three dimensions that is economic social and environmental Meaning the agriculture land area under productive and sustainable agriculture Will be the agriculture area of those farms that satisfy the sustainability Being selected across all three dimensions of Of this of this indicator Here are the steps that were used in the methodological development of sg241 First we discussed and chose the scale of assessment for 241 The choice made was to adopt a bottoms up approach Whereby we selected farm or agriculture holding level sustainability That is then in turn aggregated to national or sub national level Then we determined the scope of activities of the holding to be covered by this Indicator and the choice made for 241 was to cover crops and livestock production systems We removed the dimensions to be covered and we decided to stick to the classical dimension of sustainability That is economic social And environmental In the in the sustainability assessments Sustainability assessments Let me add here in the beginning of the process when we embark on the development of the indicators methodology We selected five dimensions that included in addition to the three that I already mentioned two other dimensions That are institutional or governance and resilience However, later on it was decided to integrate resilience with economic environmental and social dimensions And to drop the governance dimension as we we are exclusively focused on farm level assessments We then zoomed into inside the dimensions into what we call teams or uh or aspects and then in turn Uh selected the sub indicators that are needed to measure the progress within each team Then we established sustainability criteria also known as threshold values or cut off points For each sub indicator to classify the farms and the agriculture area it owns or operates by assigning it Red yellow or green statuses Which we call the traffic light approach that we will cover in the upcoming slides in more detail And the next uh decision for us was selection of the data collection instrument for collecting and reporting data on the indicator And the choice made for 241 was the farm survey We also discussed and decided on the periodicity Or frequency for data collection and reporting for sg241 which is set at three years And finally the modality for reporting the indicator For this we developed both a dashboard approach where all the sub indicators or themes are presented in one chart Where each sub indicator is illustrated separately by sustainability status using the traffic light approach But we also developed an aggregate sg241 For dashboard the principles that were used to develop the indicator first policy Relevance action ability We wanted to make sure that every sub indicator selected as part of sg241 Had a meaning for the policy makers and thus provided information based on which informed decision came Be taken to improve the prevailing situation Meaning the sub indicators must be easily understood Obviously the reason why uh these were selected and the results easily interpreted by policy makers for example Is a great agriculture sustainability Increasing or decreasing and why and which policies needs to be implemented to address these issues Universality and comparability are fundamental. We are in sdg process a universal process Thus we needed to make sure that the indicator is valid every everywhere It must be relevant for all countries in the world both for developing and developed Machinability and cost effectiveness were very high Uh Trying to find the right balance between an ideal indicator from the subject matter perspective And one that can be easily measured consistently with the reasonable cost at the national level Therefore the ability of the indicator in terms of data collection and reporting was our top most priority Uh, and finally the minimum cross correlation between the sub indicators So in selecting a limited set of themes and sub indicators efforts were made to reduce cross correlation between different sub indicators Obviously high cross correlation between sub indicators would imply that two or more sub indicator capture the same sustainability theme And in this case the inclusion of one single sub indicator instead of several would be sufficient to adequately measure agriculture sustainability performances Um all these decisions had implication for the choice of sub indicator for the different dimensions the choice of sustainability criteria for each sub indicator and level of substitution in in data collection With regards to the measurement scope as we are interested in assigning agriculture area sustainability statuses at the farm level The basic unit of observation and measurement of farms or agricultural holdings with focus on those that primarily produce crops and livestock Or it's mixed to check as to whether these are economically feasible environmental friendly and socially acceptable So we include both intensive And subsistence agriculture holding as long as their primary activities are crops and livestock are mixed These may include both food and non-food products and as well holdings focused on crops that are grown for fodder or energy purposes The secondary activities like aquaculture and agroforestry are considered Only if these take place on the agriculture area of the farm as secondary activities Um in terms of what is out of scope holding that are exclusively focused on on aquaculture or agroforestry For for the holding for which these two activities are primary activities that will be excluded as from the scope of SG241 And as well we excluded production from gardens backyards and and and hobby farms Food harvested from the wild is also out of scope An important point to remember is that we are focused on agricultural land area of the holdings is defined by international classification systems meaning we exclude common lands that are not exclusively managed by the holding and the holding that that are engaged in nomadic pastoralism Which is a practice of rearing livestock by moving with the animals from one place to another in in search of a pasture So it's a way of life for people who do not live continually in the same place, but move Startly off area to another um seasonally or Depending on the timing of the year The periodicity or reporting frequency of the indicator as I mentioned earlier is set at three years due to various consideration First the scg indicator 241 measure progress towards more productive and sustainable agriculture And for many some indicators selected, it's unlikely that their values will change from one year to another And secondly The three year data collection and reporting when a label countries to have at least three data points on the indicator before 2030 This will in turn help them make historical trend to assess their performance over time And compare it with with other the PLs or other countries And one other factor behind us choosing the three year periodicity was Obviously to reduce data collection and reporting burden on the on the member states or the countries I mentioned earlier scg indicator 241 current methodology is designed whereby information is collected through farm service Sustainability assessments are made at the farm level And the and the final results are expressed as at a national At a national level as a national value However, the methodology is scale independent and can be adopted for any geographical or administrative level though any introduction or additional strategy Of additional certification variables will certainly have implications for the sample size And that's the cost of data collection processing and analysis In order to further enrich analysis for informed policy making The indicators can be designated at at a sub national level And according to types of farms as to whether You know the particular agriculture holding is operating in a household or non household sector The type of production activities as to whether this agriculture holding is focused primarily on crops Or primarily on livestock or a mix of both crops and livestock And thirdly as to whether the the the agriculture of holding is using water for irrigation Some other characteristics Of farms can also be used for further desegregation of the of the results By by size or by gender of the of Now as mentioned earlier the indicator is multi-dimensional This light presents a table or a matrix that includes everything that we need to know about this indicator Towards the extreme left You can see that the indicator cut across the three dimensions of sustainability economic social and environmental Within each dimension. We have a team We have a team for instance as you can see within the economic dimension. We have three things or aspects And corresponding three sub indicators that are used to measure the progress progress within that respective team likewise, uh, we have five themes in the environmental dimension and five corresponding sub indicators to measure progress within these within these teams And we have three themes in the social dimension and corresponding three sub indicators in the social dimension So in total we have 11 themes and 11 sub indicators This decision was of course in relation to the miserability and cost effectiveness of the indicator As the list of issues and themes and the sub indicators Is much longer That would be considered or captured. However, there was a feeling that capturing 11 in total would be a very good step forward another very important consideration To take note of is that we have developed a universal framework that covers the entire spectrum of agriculture Uh confronting Different sustainability issues that varies from one country to another or from one region to another within the same country or One type of agriculture production system to another That is household a non household sector and thus not all sub indicators are applicable to all kinds of farming systems So as you can see here Within the social dimension, we have two sub indicators That are applicable to a certain kind of Agriculture holdings. We will discuss this in detail as part of the as part of the next presentation Additionally, the recall or reference period for all the indicators vary varies for the reason that I explained earlier sustainability is a structural concept and thus Would require a much longer time period to assess the problems or issues and make judgments about the performance of the farm So as you can see here in the very last column For some of the sub indicator the reference period or the recall period is set at three years And we will discuss this as part of the Presentation when we will dive deep into the methodology of each sub indicator in more detail As I said earlier, the hardest choice was to limit the framework of SG241 to 11 themes and sub indicators A series of expert discussion in meetings consultations And literature review have shown that sustainability is so And used to capture sustainability in agriculture In this slide you can see some issues that are considered important But are not captured in SG241 framework. We still recommend countries to consider these themes if these are relevant In their national or sub national context In order to assess the sustainability of their agriculture at a national or sub national level But primarily from SG241 reporting perspective We would We would Want countries to stick to the 11 themes or 11 sub indicators that I showed you on the previous slide One critical aspect aspect that was That we will discuss in detail as part of the sub indicator in the next presentation Was the development or establishment of thresholds Or sustainability criteria that are used to assign sustainability statuses to each farm and the agriculture area that it owns manages or operates Briefly these threshold or sustainability criteria Are national policy based or international targets Or science based absolute or relative values or levels Below or above which for each sub indicator the farm is assigned sustainability status So for each sub indicator a criteria to assess sustainability level were developed Now in order to capture the concept of continuous progress towards sustainability A traffic light approach was devised in which pre sustainability Levels are considered for each sub indicator. So green desirable yellow Acceptable and red unsustainable The traffic light approach acknowledges the trade-offs existing between sustainability dimensions and themes And they need to find an acceptable balance between them So just to reiterate each sub indicator is assessed at the level of agriculture holding And thereafter the sustainability level is associated with agriculture land area of that particular farm or agriculture holding and then These agriculture areas With assigned sustainability It is Recollecting from the previous slide the reporting of sd241 can be done at various level Using both a dashboard and aggregate indicator What we require countries to report on is the dashboard and the aggregate indicator at the national level Now what makes the dashboard approach more appealing is that it Helps visualize the performances across the dimension as well as across independent themes or sub indicators separately This makes the dashboard policy relevant and actionable for policy makers The reason being that it gives the policy makers the tools The tool to quickly check at a single glance where the major problem lies Where to put in emphasis what policies To address the issue to improve the situation And and ultimately to move towards more sustainable agriculture Of course an added advantage of the dashboard is that it allows the possibility to combine or integrate data from from different So as you can see here, this is a fictitious or made up by example of country x in el y The all the 11 sub indicators when the data is collected process and sustainability levels are assigned To the agriculture areas of the respective farm based on the sustainability criteria that have been chosen for each sub indicator We can we can Come up with with a dashboard like this Both at both at the national and sub national level now at the horizontal Or the sub indicators and on the vertical axis we we measure the proportion of uh agriculture Area, so as you can see from this dashboard, you can at a single glance You can see as to where where the major problem is across the 11 sub indicators in terms of the sustainability themes or sub indicators So for this example, as you can see here, the the the most problematic Sub indicator or theme is profitability Which shows 40 percent unsustainable agriculture area Now I mentioned to you that 241 can be reported using both a dashboard and then the aggregate indicator The final aggregate as you 241 is derived from the dashboard at the country level. It can be done directly Uh just by visualizing the dashboard Um Just to corroborate further the final number of 241 is the result of the sub indicator that has recorded the highest unsustainability performance As I mentioned earlier, uh, this can be done using both the dashboard And using the formulas which are displayed on On on this slide So if we go back From here, you can really see as to as to which sub indicator has recorded or reported the most unsustainable agriculture area and hence The final number for aggregate 241 will be will be uh will be this one 40 percent Now the performances of countries over time can be measured by change in the proportion of agriculture area that is unsustainable Okay, so the maximum unsustainable agriculture area across the 11 sub indicator Or it can be also captured using the minimum sustainable uh agriculture area, which is which is uh An aggregation of both acceptable and desirable. So if we go back here, so You know, one way is to look for the most Or the least sustainable area, which is the both the green and yellow combined So we we said in the beginning that policy relevance and important consideration in this respect the dashboard approach is really interesting As it provides A structure and transparent framework to measure and report on sustainable agriculture It allows focus on many issues related to sustainability and encourage discussion by linking it to action and lastly It drives the policy towards agriculture sustainability issues with focus on intervention at various levels Um, of course in terms of interpretation the dashboard approach is easy to interpret In terms of the extent to which country agriculture is far from being productive and sustainable And it is very easy to identify and prioritize the area that requires that requires intervention I will stop here. Uh, please let me know if you have any question regarding the content that we have covered up until now Stefania the floor is uh is yours Okay, see my space. Yes. Yes. So In the previous presentation, we learned about the conceptual and methodological basis of SG241 That is its scope, which is crops and livestock Um themes 11 themes sub indicators 11 sub indicators periodicity three years And reporting to FAO in this session We will go through the 11 themes and 11 respective Sub indicators particularly focus on the rationale For selection of the theme and the sub indicators the data items required to construct the sub indicators The sustainability criteria to develop Uh to assign the farm and its agriculture area The green uh yellow or red statuses or the traffic light approach as we as we call it So as highlighted earlier, SG241 is defined using the formula, which is area under productive and sustainable agriculture divided by the agricultural land area So just to refresh what we covered in the previous presentation Let us focus On Which is based on Land use classes as such countries provide national level statistics annually via the relevant FAO state questionable FAO Very importantly, the same land use classes are collected by census which automatically addresses the issue of common land So common land because it's not part of the scope of 241 if we go by the By the FAO land use classes it it's going to be automatically excluded In other words, the agriculture census does not focus Does focus on farms only Just like 241 and exclude common land along the lines of the 241 So it's a it's a well established concept which is derived by adding crop land and land under permanent matters and pastures One important point to keep in mind is that for the estimation of agriculture land area we adhere to the system of environmental Agriculture and fisheries and world census of agriculture 2020 standards and classification systems So this is just to to Tell you so we are interested in agriculture land area, which is an addition of crop land plus land under permanent matters and pastures Another important point to take note of is that the land tenure of the agriculture holding Particularly from sg241 point of view The scope include the entire agriculture land area of the holding But there are few qualifications And that is if the agriculture land area is owned and operated by the holding If it is rented in or if it is other land borrowed for free or occupied then it will be part of the Common land as I mentioned earlier if those are managed exclusively by the holding Without sharing it with the rest of the community Then it will be part of the scope of sg241. Otherwise it will be out of scope The land which is owned by the holding but it is rented out Is out of the scope of the indicator. Okay, so just to exemplify here is um Four parcels of land owned by a given agriculture holding So parcel one is owned and used so this will be part of the scope of sg241 Parcel two is owned and used As well, this will be part of the scope of sg241 from land tenure perspective Parcel four it's not owned by the holding but you know It will be part of the scope of sg241 While parcel three Which is owned by the holding but it's rented out to another agriculture holding will will not be considered as part of the Sustainability assessment of that particular farm. I hope this is this is clear So before going into the details of respective sub indicators, let me provide you Let me illustrate once again the framework of sg241 the three dimensions economic social and environmental and 11 themes and 11 respective sub indicators as well as the applicability of of the sub indicators to some kind of farming systems and as well in the reference period which Which is or which is which is different for for some Sub indicators and I will explain to you as to why in in the in the coming slides So before going into the detail of respective sub indicators Let me provide you the with the generic steps that will be used to estimate each sub indicator So assuming once relevant qualitative information is collected through agriculture service And thereafter checked cleaned validated and stored on a computer as excel spreadsheets or you know and Stored using some other platform It must then be transformed into appropriate quantitative primary variables That are in turn used to construct the 11 sub indicators of sg241 A set of scripts and procedures typically carried out with statistical software like stata spss R or or any other Are applied to the survey data for constructing the primary variables that will in turn That in turn are combined to construct the 11 sub indicators So we will we will go through these steps as part of each sub indicator. So it will become more clear to you So the first sub indicator in the or the first scheme uh and the sub indicator in the economic dimension is The sub indicator that has been chosen to measure progress Within this team land productivity is from output value Per hectare Now land productivity is is a measure of agricultural value of output obtained on a given area of land For a given time period At a farm level the land productivity reflects technology and production processes for a given agro ecological condition or a region In a broader sense an increase in the level of land productivity enables higher production per unit of land And which may result in In higher revenues and and and and thus uh and thus uh higher higher profits Land productivity is driven by a combination of multiple factors, which include climate soil topography land use um and and management And in addition a land productivity varies not only in space But also in time this variability in land productivity occurs at different time scales from seasonal from seasonal to inter annual In in in response to variability in many factors such as such as rainfall and others In the context of 241 we use the same classical approach to estimate land productivity. That is first the farm output Value in local currency unit is estimated Which is then divided by the agriculture land area Measured using The classes which I just defined um typically in hectares And and lastly the farm productivity is then compared with the farm output value of hectares of the distribution of The farms to assign the farm the particular agriculture holding green yellow and red For this indicator one we are interested in the following uh data item management So the formula um Is very simple farm output value per hectare is farm output value divided by agricultural land area and hectares Well, what we are interested in and for us to estimate the farm output value We need the quantities physical quantities of the products produced And as well the farm get prices at which these products are sold by the agriculture holding In the context of 241 We recommend countries to You know basically collect information at a farm level for five main crops And the byproducts produced by the holding in a reference period Five main livestock ends products produced by by the holding in a reference period And other unformed products produced by the holding in a reference period provided if this holding is engaged in secondary activities Which I explained in my previous presentation Like say for example aquaculture or aqua forestry now the actual number of Of the products produced will of course vary by from one holding to another So there will be holding which will be producing only one product There will be others which will be producing more than five products. So this number. I mean it's Countries can decide as to as to when they want to stop In terms of the number of products that they want to collect information on at the holding level But ideally, I mean our recommendation is to to go up until five main products Then the so so so first, I mean we would need the physical quantities and farm get prices This will give us the value of output and in local currency unit, which is the numerator for estimation of land productivity Then of course, we need a agriculture land area of the of the farm Which I explained to you earlier in the previous slide. So for that we need agriculture land area which is summation of crop land plus land under permanent metals and postures and We would we would like countries to collect all this information in hectares So if country is using another unit of measurement for estimation of agriculture land area Or maybe some other Some other local units, then they should use conversion factors for them to for them to convert those units into hectares so that we have a standardized Value for for for this formula, which is very much needed for for comparison of of the farm productivity Now another very important point That I would like to highlight is that for this particular subindicator and in general for the rest of c241 I mentioned to you that feo is recommending Some desegregation at the farm level So for this, I mean as I explained to you on in the previous presentation We focus on pre stratification variables household and non household sector The second one is crop livestock and mixed Agriculture holding and the third one is as to whether this particular agriculture holding is using water for irrigating its agriculture area now the the reason behind us having Different categories of farm is to compare apples with apples. So let's say for example just to give you An illustration So if we are comparing the productivity of prep predominantly weed producing Agriculture holding with the one which is focused on on some exotic high priced You know fruits or vegetables then in that case it it won't make sense because the weed producing farm Maybe performing better if it is compared with other weed producing farms rather than If it is compared with with another farm which is focused or specialized in in some other agriculture activities Like say for example livestock. So in this case the weed producing farm may persistently or may consistently illustrate Lower productivity in comparison to other farms. So from this perspective, I mean we we we believe that this stratification of farms Will will enrich The analysis of sg2 for one to arrive at better estimation of the indicator for for the different categories So once we once we estimate the farm output value per hectare at a given agriculture holding level for each category of farm then what we do is Be comparing the productivity of a given farm with the rest of the distribution To which this farm belongs to see as to how the farm is performing with a we its with vis-a-vis its Other farms in the world Here is an example of typical crops and byproducts produced by given holding of course the situation that the list of the crops and the byproducts produced Will vary from one country to another and from one region to another within within within a human country So this is just an illustration. Just just an example that These are the crops or byproducts that to be that countries may want to focus on in terms of collecting information on the physical quantities and prices farm gate prices of of this variable This slide summarizes the list of other on-farm products and activities that the holding may carry out Again a secondary activity alongside its primary activities, which is predominantly production of crops or production of livestock and its products The list here is taken from international standard industrial classification revision for now depending on whether these Other on-farm activities or commodities that contribute to the farm revenues If yes, then it must be included in the estimation of farm output value or else it can be it can be ignored So as I was explaining earlier the recommended certification is You know at the holding level household and non household sector The activity type for the holding could be crop mixed or livestock And then as to whether you know, this holding is using water to irrigate the agriculture land area So based on these combination We can categorize. We can have 12 different categories. So it could be household It could be household mix irrigated It could be non household crop irrigated and so on So the reason again behind us classifying these farms into different categories is to then compare the productivities of each farm belonging to this category with with with with other farms in in in this particular world to to have to have more realistic Sustainability assessment So in the first step Um This is an example For a given farm the output value is estimated by first multiplying the quantities of each crop Livestock index by products By its farm get prices These measures are expressed in local currency units And represents the numerator of the sub indicator for a particular farm And is then divided by the agricultural and area of that farm which is the denominator to calculate the farm output value per hectare This is an example of the data that we Basically of the pilot exercise that we collected in Bangladesh back in 2018 19 Um, so for a given farm, I mean let's say for example, uh, this is a holding identification number So this holding was Uh, producing a certain kind of rice, which is which is a local which is a local variety The quantity produced in local currency unit was 80 units The farm gate price per unit was 750 per unit and hence we start multiplying these to estimate the farm output value And similarly this farm not only produced this variety of rice, but it was producing another variety Uh, why are we distinguishing amongst the different varieties of rice because the unit prices are different So some varieties could be very expensive While others are more Are more reasonably priced So hence, you know the the output value that is derived for a given commodity may may differ by different varieties Uh, it also produces mace This was the quantity per unit and And then we add up all these Uh, products to use It's way of output to estimate the total value of output for that particular farm now This is very important So once the farm output value per hectare has been calculated for all the farms That are that are part of the sample and of course these farms as I mentioned to you first needs to be categorized by different types Then each category of farm are ordered from lowest to highest Uh And then once we ordered these farms within each category from based on their farm output value per hectare We identify the uh, corresponding 90th percentile Using using this very simple formula now. I will I will tell you as to why we are Basically estimating the 90th percentile because we use this information Then to assign sustainability statuses To the farm based on their productivity performance vis-a-vis the group to which it belong or the category to which it belong So we identify the 90th percentile which for this fictitious or made up of this example is 600 right um, then what we do is uh, we derive from this, uh, from this 600 Productivity which is associated with the 90th percentile two-third of the 90th percentile and one-third of the 90th percentile Which is very easy calculation. We multiply this by two-third and then again by one-third to establish the two thresholds and now Once we establish these two thresholds Then these are used to then assign the farm green yellow and red statuses based on their productivity performances so These two thresholds are then used to assign green yellow and red statuses as I mentioned earlier and As well once we assign the farm the sustainability status By default, we are assigning the agriculture area that it owns or operates the sustainability status um, so In this case the farm is classified as green If the farm output value per hectare for a given farm is equal to or greater than the To the percentile estimated for the distribution of categories Again, uh, the farm will be classified as yellow or acceptable if the farm output value per hectare is equal to or greater than The value corresponding to the one-third but less than the two-third of the 90th percentile and the farm will be classified as red if the Farm output value per hectare is less than the value corresponding to the one-third of the 90th percentile So based on based on these Arithmetic values Then we start assigning farms the green yellow and red statuses so just to again an example so For this particular category of farm which is crop household Uh An agriculture holding focusing focused on crops belonging to household sector Which is irrigating, uh, its agriculture land area. So for this group the 90th percentile was estimated to be 600 the two-third of the 90th percentile is 100 And one part of the 90th percentile is 200 and likewise we do the same for the other categories of of agriculture holdings And we we estimate the two-third and one-third threshold now based on the Bangladesh example, uh Which which I referred to earlier the land productivity from For for this particular agriculture holding is was estimated to be 900 Which belongs to crop household sector irrigated The 90th percentile value for this category is 600 the two-third of the 90th percentile is 400 And the one-third is 200. So based on the rule that we all already established on this slide You know So 900 is greater than two-third of two-third of the 90th percentile. Hence it will be classified as green For holding two its productivity is 300 Which is falling between the two-third and the one-third Of the 90th percentile hence it will be classified as yellow And for the third holding the Land productivity is estimated to be 200 Uh, and for this group the one-third and the two-third of the 90th percentile is 467 and 233 respectively Which is lower than the one-third of the 90th percentile and hence it will be classified as unsustainable or red I will stop here. If you have any question, please please feel free to ask Okay, no question so far. We leave few seconds to everybody Before Aspandia goes with the next sub indicators. If you have any doubts on this first one You are free To ask question at this point In the meantime Aspandia you want to finish the economic before breaking, right? Yes. Yes. Okay Even if we are a little bit Late. Okay, it seems we don't have any questions. So you can go on and then we see if something comes up later On the last step Which I would like to basically emphasize. So once we classify the holdings Green yellow and red based on the criteria that we have chosen for this particular sub indicator Then what we do is we aggregate All the farms and its agriculture area that are assigned green status yellow status and red status And then we divide the green yellow and red by the nationally representative uh agriculture area of the entire country Which is of course Using the same information which is collected using the agriculture survey the same agriculture survey For us to estimate the proportion for As to how much area based on based on this sub indicator is green yellow or red so An important point a part of sustainability in agriculture is the economic viability of the farms Which is driven to a larger extent by its profitability In the context of two for one profitability is measured using The net farm income that the farmer is able to earn from farming operations Availability and use of information on farm Multitudes in profitability will support better decisions making both at the micro and macro economic levels Since performance measures drive behavior better information on performances can alter behavior and decision making by the government and producers both in the large-scale commercial farming and medium and small-scale subsistence or traditional agriculture Now one important point that I would like to highlight is that the reference period for this particular Sub indicator is last until end of the year and now I'll explain to you as to why you have chosen a different reference period for for net farm income indicator Now the as you do for one provides Two options or approaches to countries to on how to report on this sub indicator a sophisticated approach Which we recommend And a simple approach Uh, which is based on farmer declaration So I'll explain in term as to what I mean by these two approaches So using the sophisticated approach the net farm income is calculated using the following formula This formula mind you is adopted from statistics canada And it's it's widely used By by many countries If they're interested in estimation of net farm income or profitability at at at the farm level So NFI is of course is an abbreviation for net farm income Uh, CRS total farm cash receipts including direct program payments from the government in support of the farming operations Like say for example subsidies or support prices YK is the income in kind which is Which is uh, uh, basically, um Given to the farm for for for its for its activities that it's By the cultural holdings and I'm I'm going to explain this to you as well um OE is total operating expenses after rebates including labor cost debt is depreciation and Delta INV is value of inventory change now the The sophisticated approach which is uh, I again, let me reiterate it. It is adopted from statistics canada is recommended However, it's used Um by the country is made conditional on the fact of data on farm financial records That are documented or recorded daily weekly monthly Um on on monthly basis are available In general large scale commercial farms maintain detailed financial records using which the net farm income can be easily calculated the Farm financial records are not usually maintained by traditional or small scale Agriculture farm holdings So in this case, I will explain to you as to as to how Can you use the simpler version which I which I mentioned to you earlier? In my slide so Very easy. So value of output for us to estimate that so we need total farm cash receipts plus direct program payments plus income in kind Let's change an inventory change Now total farm cash receipts. It's what it's total value of output of the farm Which is quantity into prices for crops lifestocks and other on farm activities or product produced Direct program payments. I explained to you earlier that these are the payments Which are given by the government to the farmer in terms of subsidies or support prices Income in kind is something which Like say for example, if the given agriculture holding has provided some Holding and that Instead of paying the farm in cash They have paid him and in a certain physical units of wheat or maize or or or some other agriculture program and when your inventory change is the amount of amount of commodities At the beginning and at the end of the year, which usually the value of inventory change is calculated for for for livestock which is A more sophisticated approach in terms of arriving at the actual value of the livestock sector at the end of the year So we take the initial stock at the beginning of the year then we see as to how many of the livestock were born Got died or slaughtered or given away as gift or received as gift And then we estimate the balance at the end of the year and then using the the prices prevailing At that point in time in that particular Area in which the farm is operating we estimate the total value of livestock of that particular agriculture reporting Now in terms of cost For this more sophisticated approach we we take into account Um operating plus fix plus depreciation So operating expenses include labor labor labor expenses, which is cash wages or in kind wages fertilizer expenses pesticide expenses fuel expenses electricity expenses cost of feeding animal if it is a Livestock farm irrigation costs taxes depreciation charges and and others I mean if you if you need to understand More about this more sophisticated approach. I have provided yelling here. You can always go to this link for you to For you to access more information on each head as to as to how it is calculated or estimated But it's fairly straightforward Now I was mentioning that the simplified Option we are offering two approaches for the simplified options as well So these are to be used when the detailed data are not available at the farm level as I mentioned earlier It's better adopted to small holders or household sector. So in this case what we Recommend countries to collect information on is output quantity. I mean the physical quantity again The farm get prices of crops and livestock in this brought products and byproducts Whether marketed or self-consumed Okay Uh operating expenses including input quantities and its market prices And output quantity and farm get prices of other on farm activities carried out on the agriculture holding Again, aquaculture or agroforestry and addition to crops and livestock provided if these are practiced by the farm a secondary And then of course we need information on input quantities and prices utilized in the production of those on farm products For this option the simplified option one We we ignore or we don't consider the depreciation in value of inventory change, which is very Data demanding and time consuming The second simplified option that we propose as for for estimation of Net farm income subindication Is the is very straightforward. We just asked the respondent or the holder of the agriculture holding About his declaration on the agriculture holding profitability over the last three calendar years This last the second simplified option is used in case of sg Indicator 2.4.1 survey questionnaire that we have developed and we are gonna I'm gonna show that to you tomorrow And we have already tested, you know, this approach in in Bangladesh and it works just fine now, so once we collect all this information using either the sophisticated approach or Or any of the two simpler approaches Then what we do is we see as to whether the farm profitability or net farm income Was above zero for the past three consecutive years So if it if it was above zero for the past three consecutive years, then we classified it as green if it was between if it was above zero for At least one of the past three consecutive years, then it is Classified as yellow and if the profitability Is below zero for all three past consecutive years, then it's classified as it's right so In case of Bangladesh because we we resorted to the simplified option two The last three years last two years are none of the none of the three years Holding one was profitable in two of out of three years. So hence it was classified as yellow Holding two was profitable in three out of three years and it was classified as desirable or green And holding one at one was unprofitable in all three years and it was classified as So we assign the holdings and by default Associate this sustainability assessment with the agriculture area of that holding We then start adding up the area which is which are classified as green yellow and red Okay, which in case of the Bangladesh example pilot tests Was amounting to 237.5 hectares For yellow it was 250 and for the red it was 22.3 hectares Then we start dividing the the green yellow and red respectively by the total agriculture land area of the country which is derived from the sample survey for us to calculate the proportion of area For for for this sub indicators You know using the traffic light any questions so we can go To the last sub indicators and then we stop for a few minutes Okay So the third and the final sub indicator in the economic dimension is risk mitigation mechanisms The theme is resilience okay And the reference period is uh last calendar Resilience has emerged as a key factor in sustainability It encompass absorptive anticipatory and adaptive capacities And refers to the properties of the system that allow farms to deal with external shocks and stresses to persist and to continue to be well-functioned um in the context of 241 um Concert drought Which is a prolonged period of normally low rainfall into a shorted water Flood and which is an overflow of large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially or what is normally dry land pests Which is a destructive insect or other animal attack um on on crops uh food livestock, etc This can also include heat waves and market shocks or market failures, uh, which is any demand or supply shock that alter the price matching equilibrium in the market Uh, uh, which which leads to price reduction for the commodities produced by the holding So as a shopping coping mechanism or mitigation strategy so that the farm continues to be sustainable the sc241 Uh Insurance Which is a preventive protection measure to protect the holding against external shocks Has access to or avail credit both, um, which may which may have been obtained from formal or informal sources such as banks relatives or local landers and the fact If the farm is diversified, um, that is if the Share of the single agriculture commodity produced or activity carried out at the holding level Is not greater than 66 percent in its total value of production of the holding So the the third, um, the third, um, criteria So, you know, the first one is as to whether the holding has access to or avail insurance access to or avail credit and on farm diversification as I mentioned, um Can be readily calculated This indicator especially for this formula is again coming from This is the same information that was collected for the productivity and the profitability sub indicator So we need the total value, uh, of production for uh, for all the commodities And then we we need the total value of production of the entire farm and based on this formula We can really see as to whether the farm is diversified So if the value of this formula is above 66 percent, this means that the farm is not diversified It is dependent on or rely too much on one single commodity for its For its revenue throughout the years and hence it is most susceptible And vulnerable to external shocks in terms of market failure in terms of droughts in terms of Any other in terms of pesters pest attacks um, if if the value of this Particular formula is lower than um, then 66 percent of For its revenue is dependent on one single commodity So in terms of sustainability criteria that we have chosen or selected for this sub indicator A farm holding is considered resilient if it has a will or access Uh, has the means to access that is mitigation mechanisms as follows So it will be classified as green if it has access to or avail two Of the three mitigation mechanism, which I just spoke about It will be classified as yellow if it has access to or avail at least one of the three mitigation mechanisms And it will be classified as red if it has access to None of the three mitigation mechanisms So again based on the pilot study that we conducted in Bangladesh back in 2018 and 19 As you can see As the analyst of research So the first column which is on farm diversification In fact, the first three columns are on farm diversification. So you can see that the share of the commodity Number one in output value is 76 percent which is well above the 66 percent that we have selected for For as a threshold for us to classify the farm to be diversified or non-diversified So hence this form scores zero in terms of diversification Do they have access to credit? Yes. Do they have access to insurance? Yes, and hence this form is classified as green based on the criteria that we have chosen that I showed you on the previous slide This form form number three is Very much diversified. I mean it it is reliant on the three different commodities for its value of output so For the well on the farm diversification criteria But then it doesn't have any access to credit or any access to insurance Hence it qualifies one of the three criteria for this particular sub indicator. Hence, it is classified as yellow or acceptable And form number four It is Monoculture that this particular farm is practicing monoculture. They are dependent only on one commodity 100 percent of its value of output or revenue is coming from one single product or one single activity And it has no access to credit and no access to insurance So it fails all the three criteria and hence it is classified as red or non-sustainable So again the last the last step is is is is similar As in case of all other sub indicators, we then start aggregating the area classified as Green yellow red and then we divide it by the nationally representative agriculture area of the entire country For us to estimate the proportions under green yellow and red all the traffic light And I stop here sephania, okay So, uh, we don't have any questions so far. I think that maybe participants need to think a little bit All what has been said so far So since it's we are a little bit late on the agenda. We break now for Uh, spania was about five minutes maybe because we were a little bit late. So five minutes The floor is yours again Okay, thank you, siphanya. So just before I start with environmental dimension I mean, let me let me emphasize one thing So we covered three sub indicators in the economic dimension And as you may have seen most of the information that is collected for the For one of the sub indicator like say for example for For profitability or productivity is then used for For for for the other sub indicators as well So let's say for example if you collect information on the revenue stream and the cost stream Of a given agriculture holding For you to estimate its profitability then by default you are covering the The productivity indicator as well because it requires the same data items and variables of course, I mean the From analytical perspective, we will have to play with the numbers in a different way But you need the same data and to to a larger extent You know partially the The sub indicator on resilience will be covered as well because third criteria, which is on on firm diversification I mean it required the same data items or variables which are collected for the profitability or productivity So what I'm trying to say is that it it seems like A bit You know once you once you think about these sub indicators in in isolation one by one You then you think that it's too data demanding But but of you know in a way all these sub indicators are interrelated because the Same data items are used to to report on On different aspects of the of the holding So The first sub indicator in the environmental dimension is prevalence of soil degradation just to contextualize FAO and Intergovernmental technical panel on soils Have identified 10 main threats to soil health Okay soil erosion soil organic carbon losses nutrient imbalance acidification contamination water logging uh compaction soil sealing Salanization and loss of by soil biodiversity A careful review of the 10 threats to soil health shows that all except one which is soiled ceiling um, which is defined as loss of soil loss of natural soil to construction or urbanization All others are potentially and primarily affected by inappropriate agriculture practices In the context of 241 We have selected four main threats to soil health that are universal across the globe. I mean mind you all these sub indicators have been um Have been totally deliberated not only with thematic and subject matter experts, but with countries as well. So, um It's it's it's a collective effort which was uh, which was scared by FAO But we have taken into account the The the say of of countries of international organization institutions. So whatever you see as part of the Methodological construction of these sub indicators. Uh, it's not that FAO is unilaterally recommending it to countries, but it was a it was part of the process that was adopted by FAO So for this particular sub indicator Which is prevalence of soil degradation the theme of course is soil health And the reference periods last three calendar years we have identified these four major threats that according to experts are more universal globally soil erosion, uh, which is Wearing away of the field top soil by natural physical forces of water and wind These can be affected accelerated or reduced as a function of farming activities such as stillage reduction in soil fertility Which refers to the capacity of the soil To provide crops with essential nutrients without reduction in productivity over the years Reduction in soil fertility implies a situation in which capacity of the soil To provide crops with essential plant nutrients tend to reduce from one ear to another water logging or first salinization Which is soil accumulation on the land surface and water logging Which refers to a situation of water stagnation on the land surface or excessive volume of water on the land surface affecting production In the context of this sub indicator a simple question is Is in a farm survey is asked to capture farmers knowledge or declaration about the situation of agriculture holdings in terms of soil degradation Having said that let me tell you upfront that ideally all soil under agriculture land area in a country Should be subject of periodic monitoring In order to assess the impact of agriculture on soil these monitoring Tools typically include maps models the results from soil sampling or laboratory analysis field surveys Existing report on soil and land degradation at the national level However, you know, we've been told in the process As we were coordinating with countries, you know soliciting their their their feedback That these data sources are usually very costly But if it exists then it may either be used to complement the information collected to form survey or to cross check the farmer responses So That have been selected for this sub indicator is fairly straightforward So I mentioned to you for Four threats soil erosion reduction soil fertility salinization and water logging And the criteria that we have selected is if the combined area affected by any of the four selected threats to soil To soil health impact is less than 10 percent of the total agricultural land area of the farm Then it will be classified as green If the combined area affected by any of the four selected threats to soil health is between 10 percent and 50 percent Of the total agricultural land area of the farm, then it is classified as yellow And it is classified as red if the combined area affected by any of the four selected threats to soil To soil health is above 50 percent of the total agricultural land area of the farm. So so It's a basic arithmetic once information is collected using The farm survey question then it's very easy to assign the green yellow and red sustainability statuses Now again the example from Bangladesh So holding one we asked them the question as to whether you know first the question was as to whether there are any Issues in terms of soil health In terms of the four threats that we have selected So we got the answer for soil erosion this holding say no Reduction in soil fertility. Yes, water logging. Yes, linearization. No The total agricultural land area of this holding only one was 0.9 The total agriculture area affected according to the farmer declaration was 0.40 hectares It's a you know, it's very easy to derive The the total area affected of the holding Which was which amounts to 45 percent. So we simply divide This by the total agricultural land area of that particular farm um as You know, uh, let's let's go back here. So the total area affected for that particular farm Is by these criteria it falls in the in the yellow in the yellow status and hence we classify it as yellow Holding two. I mean, they said that they don't have any problems whatsoever At their agricultural holding level the total agricultural land area of the holding was 0 The total agriculture effective is zero the total area effective hands is zero and hence this agriculture holding is classified as desirable another example Um holding four they said that we have soil erosion and reduction in soil fertility Other two problems are non-existent Total agricultural land areas 0.27 total area affected is 0.20 it amounts to 74 percent And hence this agriculture area is classified as Non-sustainable because if you go here If the combined area affected by any of the four selected types of soil health is above 50 percent then the farm holding is classified as uh as right And again the last option is Is similar Like in case of the other subindicator We then aggregate the agriculture area The farms and it's associated agriculture area by green yellow and red statuses And then we start dividing it by the nationally represented agricultural land area of the country To arrive at the proportion of the agriculture area using the traffic light approach so um Agriculture more specifically irrigated agriculture is by far the main economic sector using freshwater resources Um in many places the water withdrawal from rivers and ground water Uh is beyond what can be considered environmentally sustainable uh sustainable agriculture therefore requires that the level of Use of fresh water for irrigation remains within the acceptable boundaries While there is no internationally agreed standard of water use sustainability Signal associated with unsustainable use of water typically include progressive reduction in the level of underground water That is drying out of springs and rivers And also increase conflicts amongst the water users The indicator this this particular subindicator in fact captures the extent which agriculture contributes to unsustainable patterns of water use Um, so Irrigation used on the holding means that water other than rain is applied to crops at least once during the During the reference period to elaborate further water can be sourced using different methods using well irrigation Which is the method of irrigation where underground water is tapped through a well It could either be a cube well or an open well Or secondly water supplied directly by diverting it from the rivers through canals using gravity or pumping it from the river lack or or ground water Third water can be applied on the field through sprinklers or micro irrigation or drip irrigation so um And and and hence, you know this indicator not only stopped there, but it goes well beyond by By taking into account water allocations as well in many countries water allocation to farms is implemented by organizations Mandated to ensure the delivery of water to different users according to established established rules These organizations are usually called water users organizations water ports or you know water districts Etc. And these can be public that these can be owned and managed by farmers or private operations so in terms of the creek thresholds that we have selected for So That the water availability remains Over the years for farm irrigating crops on more than 10 percent of agriculture aga So if there is a farm which is using water for irrigation And it's it's using water on more than 10 percent of its agriculture Area, but the water availability remains stable. Okay, then this farm will be classified as as green Of course, it will a default result will be for the farms that are Irrigating less than 10 percent of the of the agriculture area. So all the farms which are either Not irrigating or irrigating less than 10 percent of the agriculture area will be classified as green Uh, this is a bit counterintuitive. Okay. Um, you you may be thinking that FAO is is Is basically Recommending not to use water for irrigation for the farm to be classified as green, but then this is not the case The the the the issue is that we here are in in the environmental dimension primarily We are Analyzing the impact of the agriculture on the environment. Okay, so we are we are monitoring as to what extent agriculture Is contributing negatively or positively to the environment So if the if the farm is not using any water, it's not contributing to the water problem in first place And hence, you know, this farm will be classified as green The farm will be classified as yellow If it uses water to irrigate on at least 10 percent of the agriculture area of the farm But he doesn't know whether the water availability remains stable over the years or experience reduction on water availability over the years But then even if he's experienced water reduction There are The the water users and red if the Holding use water on more than 10 percent of the agriculture area of the farm They doesn't know whether water availability remains stable over the years or experience reduction on water availability over the years But there are no organizations that effectively allocate waters amongst the user then it will be classified as red so In terms of The tests Results from Bangladesh pilots Holding one They reply to our question. We asked them as to whether they experienced any reduction in water availability. They said no Water is always available in sufficient quantity, which was very good Um, we didn't even go to the second question. Okay, because Pardon this holder water whenever he needs water is available and in that sufficient quantity The total area irrigated is 89.7 percent and hence this Holding is classified as it's green Um, the second holding they replied. Yes, we are experiencing reduction in water availability In fact, water Level in my wells is progressively going down Then we asked the follow-up question as to whether there are organizations that are dealing with water allocation And they say yes, there are organization and they are working well this holding was though was Irrigating 71.4 percent of its agricultural and area Was classified as acceptable um, and the third We asked, you know, the the answer was yes There is I experienced reduction in water availability water level in my wells is progressively going down and They answered no to the follow-up question Which was no, there are no Organization dealing with water allocation. This holding was Irrigating 74 percent of the culture area with water and hence we classified it as unsustainable And and the last step obviously is is the same like in case of the other sub indicators that I've been explaining So we aggregate the areas classified as green Yellows and red and divided by nationally representative area to estimate the proportion Uh desirable acceptable and unsustainable Any questions So management of fossilized is the sixth sub indicator in the context of 241 sustainable agriculture implies that the level of chemicals in the soil and water body remains within the acceptable acceptable thresholds The team is fertilizer risk. The reference period is last calendar year now the This sub indicator is constructed using data collected through a set of To to To basically assess as to whether they comply with the the following list of eight management measures or or practices in terms of their usage of Of Of fertilizer And when we when we say fertilizer we talk about Um, synthetic mineral fertilizer, but as well about animal manure and slurry, okay And then we assess as to their awareness about the environmental risks associated with the use of fertilizers And their behavior in terms of the plant nutrients By shipment So i'm not going to go to the to the list this all these concepts as to what we mean by Um, these different criteria is well explained Not only in the methodological note, but as well in the in the enumerator manual so all all these Criterias have been well defined. Uh, well defined there, but just to just to Go through maybe a couple So one of the management measures is that the holding is following protocol as per extension services or retail outlet directions Or or local regulations not exceeding the recommended doses in terms of application of fertilizer for certain products um Then use of organic source of nutrients include manure or composting residues alone or in combination with synthetic or mineral fertilizers and so on So, um, basically these are the list of eight measures that were recommended to us by the experts um So if depending on the extent to which the agriculture holding is complying with these eight measures We assign the farm green yellow and red status Let me let me go to the to the Sustainability here For the funds and it is associated agriculture area are classified as green um If the if it is using fertilizer, but it is at least taking four specific measure to mitigate environmental risks Okay So of these eight if the farm is using fertilizer as and is complying with any of the four Out of the eight then it will be cons considered as green again it will be Farms by default will be assigned green status if they are not using any fertilizer Again, just to explain here here FAO is not recommending not to use fertilizer We still want farms to use, you know or recommend farms to use fertilizer But if they use fertilizer, they should Be adhering to or complying with these best practices Uh, so if the farm is not using fertilizer, it's not contributing to the fertilizer Pollution problem in first place and hence the farm is classified as as uh is green in terms of uh, it's uh, it's impact in terms on on the environment The farm will be classified as yellow if it at least Take at least two measures to mitigate environmental risks two or less than less than four and greater than two And the farm will be classified as red if it If this uses fertilizer and does not take any specific measure to mitigate the environmental risk So if the farm is not using still using fertilizer and not complying with any of the above it Then it will be considered as As uh, it's red or unsustainable So again some results from Bangladesh so The first form they said are you and in fact as you can see here most of the farms are using fertilizer, which is okay So yes, we use fertilizer then we ask the follower question Of the eight measures. Okay How many are you complying with and this farm answers that we comply with only two Okay, so two measures are adopted. Hence it is considered as acceptable if you go here The farmer uses fertilizer and take at least two measures. So it is considered as acceptable The second holding yes, I use fertilizer and they comply with none of the measures that are recommended Hence it is considered as unsustainable Okay Another example of the desirable You use fertilizer. No We don't even ask the follower question because they are not using any fertilizer. So it's redundant to ask them any question about the practices And their compliance with it. So but you know, this farm is classified as a screen And and 39. Yes, I use fertilizer and out of the eight this farm adhere or comply with Four of the measures and hence it is classified as green again Again, the last step is the same. I mean, I'm not going to go into that we aggregate the agriculture area assigned green yellow and red statuses and divided by the Nationally representative agriculture area collected through the same survey to calculate the proportions under the green yellow and red any questions no We still have five minutes We we can keep Going for like Then 15 minutes more. What do you prefer?  So maybe tomorrow. Yes.  Okay, perfect. So last the sub indicator So the fourth sub indicator in the environmental dimension is management of pesticide To contextualize pesticides are important inputs in modern agriculture But if it is not well managed, then It can cause harms to people health And as well with the environment So the proposed sub indicator is based on information on the use of pesticides on the farms The types of pesticide use and the types of measures Taken to mitigate the associated risks related to people or environment health So these managed management measures Are grouped in or or clubbed in One is health related measures Related to human health and the second one is environment related measures And then, you know, we ask a set of questions about the health related measures and the environment related measures and then again Likewise in the case of fertilizer We see to what extent the agriculture holding is complying with these set of measures or practicing this measure at the holding level If they are using pesticides So the first one is in terms of health Adherence to label direction for pesticide use including use of protection equipment while applying pesticides The second one is maintenance and cleansing of protection equipment after use And the third one is safe disposal of of pesticide waste that is cartons bottles bags Other other equipment, etc And in terms of environmental measures adherence to label direction for pesticide application again adopt any of the of the Of these good practices that is adjusted adjusting planting time applying crop spacing crop rotation mix cropping or intercropping And then and then so on So based on the based on the adherence of the farm to these these two set of Practices recommended by by FAO We classify the farms as green yellow and And red now mind you again all these concepts As to what we mean by biological pest control or what what is by pesticide Or what is posture rotation or what do we mean by By pests, okay All these are explained in the support documents that we shared with you already But we will be happily sharing these with you post the workshop post this training So if you are really interested in getting to know more about these concepts because this is really important So once the enumerator goes into the field Once he is administering these questions when he is seeking the respondent answers He needs to explain, you know All these in a very simple language for for the for the holder of the holding to understand as to what the question is about So all these different terminologies and concepts and measures are explained in the enumerator manual So again in terms of assigning Sustainability statuses Green Are the farms? that only use Moderately or slightly hazardous pesticides, which is World Health Organization class 2 and or class 3 And if the farm is using moderately and slightly hazardous pesticides It adheres to all three health related measures And at least four out of seven of the environment related measures, okay So first question is do you use pesticides? Yes, I do Which type of pesticide do you use? I use moderately or slightly hazardous pesticide, okay Then the follow-up question is of these measures Which which Which ones do you comply to and then based on the answer we then assign green yellow and red again In terms of pesticide usage it is We by default assign green status to the farms that are not using pesticides Because they are not contributing to the pesticide pollution problem Related to health or environment in first place So if there is there is a farm which is not using any beset well and good, they are by default green, okay Um, the farm is classified as yellow or acceptable if it uses only moderately or Slightly hazardous pesticide WHO class 2 or 3 again the WHO classes are Described at length and defined at length in the numerator manual So, uh, if someone is interested in getting to know more about what does it mean? Then, um, of course, uh, they can they can reward to that Uh So the farm is only using moderately or slightly hazardous pesticides And is taking at least two measures each from the health and environment related measures Then it will be classified as as yellow And the farm will be classified as red If the farm use highly or extremely hazardous pesticide, which is WHO class I one a or one b Or illegal pesticides Okay, so if the farm is using highly or extremely hazardous pesticide, it's by default is red Okay Or it uses moderately or slightly hazardous pesticide without taking specific measure to mitigate the environmental or health risks associated with their use Fever than two from each category Then the farm will be classified as as red So again the example from uh, Bangladesh pilots results Holding one do you use pesticide? Yes, I do. The follow up question is which type of pesticide do you use? I use highly or extremely hazardous or Even illegal pesticides And it complies with three environmental and two health related measures but That is even uh, this question shouldn't even be asked because you know this folding is using Uh, one of the most toxic and dangerous pesticides from health and environment perspective and hence we classify this holding as non-sustainable or red Holding two Yes, we use pesticide Uh, we use moderately and slightly hazardous pesticide then we ask the follow up question two two Two from the health two from two from the health and two from the environment related measures Hence this is classified as acceptable Let's pick up the desirable A holding 12. Yes I use pesticide I use moderately or slightly hazardous pesticide four from the measures are adhered to And three from the health measures are complied with and hence this holding is classified as as desirable So And then the last step is the same we aggregate the areas assigned green yellow and red Stratuses we divided by the national representative agriculture area to calculate proportion under a green yellow and red And I will stop here. Okay Thank you very much Um We don't have any question So we are quite on time because it's three 35 wrong time I still live Few seconds people that's If they want to have some questions If we want to raise some questions So apparently not That's not the problem. We will have any way All day tomorrow. No all day Till tomorrow session and Thursday session in case You will have all the questions you can raise in and tomorrow Um As you know, so we didn't finish the program for today, but we will Resume from Where we arrived today and we will continue tomorrow I think We can officially close because we don't have any questions. So Really thank all of you for having participated to this First day of the virtual training on the sdg 241 Today actually has been a very concentrated day Where we have seen so many concepts and I mean we have started to Talk about the fulcrum of the 241 methodology Um Yes, I think we can officially close the day I wish you a nice rest of your day for the countries where We still have Some hours and a good evening for the others and See you tomorrow Same time Bye. Bye to everybody Bye Okay, bye.