Okay, seems like this is working. If it is, please tell me. Tell me if I like video, audio, and everything is working. In here, I should have the chat. So, well, if you're in the chat, you can type and I should read. And let me see if it is actually starting from the YouTube page. Hello. It is working, very nice. So, here I am. And last week, I did this, the whole video live thing, and it was pretty funny. It lasted one hour, so I'm back trying to do another hour of answering questions. Last week, there were lots of questions and hopefully I can answer more. Of course, I won't be able to answer them all because there were just so many. That was pretty cool, very cool. I got a new setup and now I've got a green screen. Hopefully that's cool. I can also show you things that I have on the desktop. So, nice. So, let's start this. Does anybody want to start with the first question? Does anybody have anything to ask? I will start off by saying that these days I have exams, which is why I'm not doing many videos, but meanwhile, I'm also watching Baku Monogatari and Nise Monogatari, Animus, and those are pretty cool. So, yeah, I'm also, do you use Arc? No, I actually use Cadenion. I'm also following the Tita, sorry, the Steel, what's called again, Tata Steel Masters, chess competition. What do you think about Queen FT, so the fast track, K-Win fast track? That is an interesting project. However, I'm not a big expert of that project. I don't know what it's supposed to do and I've seen many people saying that it shouldn't have been done or that it should have been dealt with upstream, K-Win. I don't know. Honestly, I have no clue whatsoever and from what I was able to see, sorry, both K-Win developers and the K-Win fast track ones are nice people. So, there seem to be some issues in, I don't know. Is there any chance of getting KDE optimized for the Pie Note? Yes, actually very much. There is a strong chance because there is a team that is unformally right now working on it. And as an example, a bit of time ago, I did a mock-up for how, no, it wasn't a mock-up. It was like a semi-descent theme that was completely white and black for the plasma theme and it was descent, like it was actually all white and black which is a good start. Of course, you need to also have better touch handling which, well, we already have a descent like something you can do this, you can do this, this kind of stuff but it only can get better. But yeah, people are working on it so hopefully, hopefully, it will get better. When will KDE panels replace LATEDOC? Well, that's up to you. I mean, it's not like KDE panels one day will be replacing LATEDOC and if something like that happens is not because somebody makes that decision but because people stop using LATEDOC to just use KDE panels but honestly, I don't see that happening because A, LATEDOC is really good as a project and it will be very hard to for KDE panels, vanilla KDE panels to offer all of the functional functionalities of LATEDOC but at the same time, there's no need to like the KDE panels are not required to have all the things that LATEDOC has. So there will always be some users that want something simple and will use vanilla LATEDOC panels and some customization addicts that will use LATEDOC and that's normal. Why KDE pre-installed games are good? Why KDE pre-installed games are good? I have no clue what that question means, sorry. We don't have any pre-installed games as far as I know. We do have games like there's games.kde.org or something like that. Nothing super fancy, but I could have a feature for an app two days and I was pushing the code by pressing up button from history but accidentally run rm star and all things got deleted. That's so relatable. Like I did that so many times and you can accidentally run rm slash r, sorry, thingy r, I don't remember the name. And the idea is that you can even do things like you want to delete folder slash and then you accidentally put a space. There are various ways to mess up and I've done that. I've done that. What is the relation? Sorry, what version of KDE are you running that have desktop at the top? So this that I've showed you, this is the new overview effect that's been worked upon. It should be in latest Plasma so you will have 5.24, but it's off by default and it's very much still in development but still looks good. What is the relation between projects like LatteDoc and B-Smooth with Mainland KDE? Okay, there's a bit of a difference. LatteDoc is part of KDE, B-Smooth is not but it's a third-party project. It's not a big difference but it's fun and in general there's a good relationship. We are more in touch with the LatteDoc developer than the B-Smooth one but if the person developing that one day came to us and asked for something we'd be happy to discuss with him. Are there any thoughts of integrating window tiling? Nothing more than what's already being done with third-party scripts that can be improved though. As an example you could have an applet so in this bottom right corner, an applet that you click on it and you select if you want tiling or not similarly to POPOS, that's visible. So those can be done. Anyone at Dev Team working for proprietary drivers installer for everyone? I don't think that's KDE. I don't think KDE is related to such a project. What is in your opinion the worst feature to ever be in KDE? Okay, automatic updates. Like I reboot my computer to do whatever and then I'm stuck because I have to install some updates. I think that was turned off but it was turned on for, I don't know, maybe some weeks and it was so annoying. I hated that but now it's no more. I complained about that so many times that people probably got annoyed at me too. Should I suggest KDE Neon to people who are going to switch to Linux? Probably not, KDE Neon is a bit too rolling. You should try it out like Kubuntu. Let them try the thing that works best on their device probably but I would suggest starting with Kubuntu. How's situation with KDE, Wayland and proprietary Nvidia drivers? I don't know anything about proprietary Nvidia drivers but I can tell you that Wayland is improving a lot. There was a patch about Nvidia drivers merged not too much time ago so something is moving. Don't know exactly what, sorry. But it's improving and for me it's already usable but I don't have Nvidia so. Do you know how the progress of Plasma Mobile is going? Do you think it can be used on desktop? Why should we use Plasma Mobile on desktop? Maybe on a touchscreen computer even so I don't think that Plasma Mobile wants to fit that use case. Plasma Mobile is very like phone oriented. I think that development is going fine. There are people working on it and it's looking better by today at this point and hopefully it will be a viable solution for Linux smartphones very soon. Are there any defaults in Neon that you dislike? Send things you always change and such. Well it's not about Neon because Neon just uses KDE stuff but in KDE Plasma or K-Win. K-Win actually there's one that I'm super annoyed about which is that the meta tab key should always in my opinion open up the desktop grid. That just makes so much sense. That's what Windows does and it's the best. And instead it's an activity switcher. Now, who is using activity switcher regularly instead of the desktop grid? I mean, priorities. When will KDE upgrade to Qt6 in about a year or so when we'll switch to Plasma 6? Do you think we can get a consumer-ready Linux distro for mobile in like the next 10 years? 10 years probably, yes. I mean, I can't justify my answer more than probably. Seems like it's going pretty good, so. But I don't know. Apart from refreshing with better will and support and making things simpler and cleaner in the implementation K-Win fast track increases interoperability through WL routes which is a very promising will and project. Makes sense and again, I'm really not an expert on will and stuff so I take your word for granted, thank you. What other jobs do you do alongside KDE development? So a couple of things. One, KDE development is not a job, actually. I'm not paid and just a volunteer just like most of the people working on KDE Plasma. My most job job is the channel, this channel. So if you want to donate, there is links on any video except this one, I forgot to put the links but you can donate to me on Patreon and stuff and that's how I earn any money, so. But I also like to do other things in my free time. I love to write poetry, play chess, stuff like that. Your thoughts on Manjaro, controversial and the proposal to remove it from the recommended distributions? Even more controversial. Thank you for such a difficult question to answer. Okay, Manjaro, when you use it, I think it's not a bad distribution. They messed up in the past, nobody can guarantee that they won't mess up your distribution again in the future but honestly it's not a bad one. However, it is a bit shady behind the scenes and that's why there was this proposal to remove it and I don't know, I'm a bit, I don't know. It is a good disruptor role but all those shady things are a bit shady. So I don't know. I wouldn't use it. Can I make KDPlasma retweet for low-end systems? Well, it depends on how low-end the low-end system is but why not? I've got the Pinebook. The Pinebook, I think, is a very low-end computer and it works nice. Just disable lots of desktop effects and it will run super fine. I want to contribute to KDE for JS Google Summer of Code. So is there any project which uses Python or every project majorly uses QTE C++? It's mostly QML and C++, QML? Look, I know Python. I'm a Python guy, I love Python. When I started contributing to KDE, I had this same question, why can't just the whole world be Python? And well, it can't. But QML as an example, if you only know Python, is a good place to start. QML is easy, it's declarative, it's interpreted. It uses a bit of JavaScript, which is not hard to learn. So if you want to start with something that can do lots of changes, QML is a good way. Still, there are some Python parts. There is, it's not longer KDE but there was the MyGNU Health project. There's also like scripts around but you have to search a bit for them. QML is what I would suggest. What do you think about my wish shell in phone in comparison to Plasma Mobile? By the way, if I'm losing questions, sorry, I need to skip a bit, sorry. Just make them again. Well, my opinion about my wish shell is that it's a cool project but right now probably Plasma Mobile is more developed. So right now Plasma Mobile is the better option because it has had more developer time but in the future we'll know right now Plasma Mobile for sure, but which languages should I learn to able to contribute to KDE? Mostly QML and C++. If you know those two, you're set. If you don't know those two, start with QML which is the simpler of the two and then C++, I mean, there's so many resources to learn C++. What KDE forums or sites can you recommend that would interest the Linux community? The Linux community has a whole. So I think that right now the main KDE forum, the most active one at least, is Reddit. So alt.reddit.com, alt.reddit is better, clearly, alt.reddit.com slash r slash KDE or r slash Linux for Linux as a whole. Sometimes it's a bit toxic but it's clearly the most active one in my opinion. So it's a cool place to be. I often hang around there. What causes the application launcher back when having two disables in the first? Sorry, we're having two disables the first. Ah, okay. So the idea, I guess, is shortcuts. Like if I go here, right-click, configure this one. Keyboard shortcuts, you can see that there's alt F1, this thing here. Alt F1 is just a way to say the meta key. So weird, I wish that this was fixed or something but you get the idea. So of course, if you put a new application launcher, or then the new one or the old one, I don't remember, we'll have alt F1 shortcut and that one is going to work with meta. So, I mean, meta can be set to two things at the same time and if you remove the one with alt F1 shortcut, probably the old one doesn't get set back but yeah, it's not easy to try to understand how such thing would be fixed. Will KD use the new QML compiler? I mean, as soon as it's out, probably, why not? It sounds like such a cool project. Like, I honestly want to get my hands on it when it's ready. So I'm looking forward to it and I think we'll use it and unless something goes bad but we are waiting for it since years. So if I want to make design changes on breeze, can I just make the change and send a MR, even if it's a big change? You should probably go and chat with the visual design team first. Not to say that if you come with a lot of changes, you will never be seen as a bad person. That's for sure. However, it might happen that the merge request will be closed because it doesn't like follow what the VDG is doing. So if you want to make sure that you don't waste any time, go chat with the VDG group. It's on telegram and matrix and ERC probably. So give it a chat and we can talk about it. Do you know how Manjaro plus KD is running on the Pinephone Pro? I do actually have the Pinephone Pro in the, sadly it's still in the box because I haven't had the time to install Manjaro KD. Hopefully I will do that soon and as soon as I do that, you will hear about it. So sorry. I think Krita is the most popular KD software. I totally agree and it's really good. I totally agree. Krita is, I think objectively, the most popular KD software and for a good reason I guess. It's a very good software and doing art is such a good thing. Krita rocks. People say KD is bloated. Any plans to make it less bloated by theme? What do you mean less bloated? Like where's the bloat? Okay, if you see, if you go watch System Resources, KD is not bloated by any means. You can deny it. You go install KD Plasma on a low-hand device. You turn off a couple of effects if you need to and it runs fast and doesn't require much RAM. So in that sense, it's not bloated. As far as it goes with default apps, that really depends on the distro. As far as it goes for packages, that's a trouble way to define bloated. As far as it goes for options, well, KD has a lot of options and I guess we could remove some, but are you really defining how much a project is bloated by the amount of option it has? What causes for KWin to forget window position on Wayland? Very technical. Again, Wayland, lots of questions about Wayland, but guys, I'm not a Wayland developer who moved. Okay, interesting. I'm not a Wayland developer and I don't know these things. In general, windows position is a new thing that was implemented recently and it only works for KD applications. So third party ones not, but both, it's actually my sister's whether both battle, both on X and Wayland, you know. What about Nicholas ultimate tic-tac-to championship? I want to do that. I want to do that. As soon as I get to do that. After the exams, I can start organizing stuff, but I will. How do I pick default currencies in K-Runder? I don't know. My best guess is that you go over the currency and you press enter. And if you do that some time, a couple of times it by start pushing that up, but I'm not sure there is a way. Do you use KD as a daily driver? I have used KD as a daily driver for the past a couple of years, except the last two weeks when I've changed the desktop for a bit, but I will eventually get back to KD, plasma. I don't know if it's correct place to complain. In this case, it is. It shouldn't be, but in this case, it's fine. But one thing annoys me is that plasma panel, when it's put on top, it leaves shadow. Is it intended? But other than that, I love KD so much. Okay, let's talk about that. So let's set a light background because it's so much easier to see things on lighter backgrounds. You can see here the shadow of the panel. If we go here, right click, right click please, enter edit mode, drag to move on the top. Okay, and then we go here, there is a shadow. The panel does cast a shadow when it's put on any side and that's intended. If you do not like this shadow, you can get rid of it by using a third-party plasma theme or making your own. And in particular, I have a series of videos that talk about shadows specifically. So it's just a matter of copy pasting one, two top SVGs and then getting the shadow element and getting rid of it. Pretty easy to do so. If you hate it, you know how to do that. How many times in your life have you used the phrase have you tried turning it on and off again being the tech-savvy guy in the family? So many times and it's so funny. Like sometimes my sister comes with her tablet and she's like, Nicola, it's three days I can turn this on and I just take it, I press the on button for 10 seconds and it boots. And I'm the tech-savvy guy just because I know how to press the power button. Removing option from kitty plasma will make some people mad. The best way to remove some option is to hide them in some advanced settings. But then it's even worse because A, those people using those option will see the option disappear and we'll have to find them. And believe me, if an option you use regularly disappears even if it's now just after a drop box, people are going to complain regardless. Even if you, just like if you removed it and plus adding to that advanced dialogues generally don't work for reasons explained in a kitty plasma page actually. Can I give me Chrome, please? Chrome. There is this page called kitty lessons learned. I'm not using Firefox because for some reason it doesn't put on a Wayland server that. In here, you get basic advanced modes and you can read about this, why it's a bad thing and covering the text with myself but you can pop up this page and read the idea behind it. What's the difference between the new overview effect and the desktop view? I thought it was the new UI for the desktop view. So the new overview effect. First of all, it's not a desktop grid. It is, you see the windows you have open big and then all of the desktops on the top. And you can also search for stuff for key runner like this. Which the desktop grid doesn't have, you can create new desktops, but you can also rename them. So what's the most convenient way to migrate kitty settings from one computer to another? You can either copy paste .config files manually or use Plasma config saver. I've done an entire video about Plasma config saver so you can watch that if you're interested. Is it possible to use Vulkan instead of OpenGL as a Plasma rendering backend? There was some work in implementing Vulkan support. I don't know if it, like if it was probably, it was entry for the user, but it did kind of work. So check out the blog post by David Edmondson, I think it was. If you Google like David Edmondson, Vulkan, Plasma, Akwin, you should find it. What is that desktop effect? This one is the overview. It's coming sooner or later. I don't know when, but. Have you set export monthsable will and equals one? Sorry, actually I got it wrong. I did the opposite, sorry. I meant that I'm currently unable to boot Firefox on X. Right now I'm on X because I have to screen record. Usually I'm on wayline, Firefox works there, but not on X, sorry, opposite. Give some spoilers on GNOME. It's going to be cool. How do you think? Will QTK take over JTK over time? I believe people are very disappointing in JTK and GNOME. JTK will be used and I think it will continue to be used in GNOME software and stuff related to GNOME software and I don't see it that changing. As far as QT goes, it's a very different project. QT aims to be like multi-platform as an example and that's something JTK doesn't really do or at least not as professionally as QT, but it's just different. I don't think either will replace either. What, why? Wayline plus pipe wire, how to give you screenshot capabilities? That is true, I've looked at that, but I haven't had the time to set it up, sorry. It's not installed by default and I hadn't had the time to set it up myself. How do we set a shortcut for the overview effect? So by default it's metaW. If you are on Plasma latest, you can go into probably settings of the overview effect or the shortcuts KCM and search overview from there. Is it possible to add an item padding option for any widget where I can click on the padding and it clicks to the widget itself? Can you explain that better, item padding for any widget? I already talked about desktop widget. If so, probably not. Probably you're referring to desktop widgets and I don't think there's such option. Someone once told me there is no power user using Plasma. Where else are there?  Like GNOME as an example, it's not really, maybe power users, but people who power use their desktop is probably Plasma who has the crown. Will we get the new UI in KD Plasma 6? No. What is Baloo and why every time I want to move files from another file, it stops me? I have read that it's better to uninstall Baloo, but what is Baloo? What do you mean? It stops you. It shouldn't stop anybody. That's super weird. So Baloo is file indexing. The idea is we've got files and you've got lots of files and sometimes you have to find a specific files given maybe some content or some metadata. Baloo looks over all of your files and stores the important information in a database. So when you do a search, be it in Krunner, Kikoff or Dolphin, results will appear much faster. That's the idea. I don't know why it's stopping you to do anything. In Fedora, everything is 3D, Wayland and Piper. That's very cool. Use Fedora. Fedora is, I think, a good drive. Never used it myself, but I've only heard good things about them, so yeah. Do you prefer Plasma GNOME? Do you want to, like, they're both really good. I don't know why I should. They're made for different things and for different people. I don't see, like, I wouldn't feel comfortable with choosing either one, honestly. I'm not trying to, like, be kind. I honestly think they are both super cool projects. GNOME is a tablet OS. That's so false. So false. Like, in two different ways. So the first idea is if GNOME is a tablet OS, then it should work on tablets really well. It doesn't. I've got a touch screen computer and GNOME, as good as it works on touch screens, is nowhere close to being a tablet OS, in order to be one you have to work, like one. And even on desktop, the fact that, I don't know, touch areas are bigger, it actually makes it easier to click things with the touchpad as well. How many times do I misclick something in a context menu in Plasma? Context menu, please. Like this. They're so cramped, sometimes I just get the wrong one. Having a bit more space doesn't kill you. The screen is big. Honestly, I don't think that GNOME OS is a tablet device. It's fine, like, the kitty context menu is fine. I don't see any issue with it. Like, I think the size is fine. But if somebody wants to have it a bit bigger, that doesn't make you a OS for tablets. Compile this into large projects and Baloo will make sure the system will become unusable. That's why, actually, you can select certain folders with, as not indexed by Baloo. So if you're compiling something, you should disable Baloo for that specific folder. You can do that in the settings, search for search. What will Plasma 6 be like? Still not conceptual ideas or anything. So the idea is Plasma 6 will be mostly, mostly behind the scenes release. Most of the work will happen in making QT6 work for Plasma, making a new version of KDE APIs, sorry. And frameworks, we'll get frameworks 6 and that's so much stuff that's all behind the scenes. Now, of course, something will also be good for users on improvements, but right now all the work that's being done is behind the scenes and KDE Plasma won't change that much. There will be some improvements, but it won't be a revolution. So it will be a good step in a good direction, but do you prefer Plasma or Macaroni? Macaroni, I don't know, let me see. Macaroni, what kind of, I don't know, because it's really good, but Plasma is also really good. So you're putting me in a tough spot. Can you get a dock and top bar into Plasma? Yes. Okay, guys, I'm gonna show you how to make a dock in KDE Plasma. So right click anywhere, sorry. Right click anywhere, my mouse disappeared. Can I, should I move? Okay, sorry. Do you see that? Okay, so now you won't be able to see this because it's out of the screen, but there is a new empty panel. You go into edit mode. Let me move this panel to the right, so you're actually not to the left. I'm on the right, so on the left, so you can actually see this. You go to the panel, you right click. Please, Plasma, be kind to me. Work. You right click the panel. You go into edit mode. You add widgets on top. Add widgets. You search for the task manager, e-console task manager. You drag and drop this thing. Hello, touch screen, can you do this? Into the new empty panel. Sorry, today KDE Plasma is misbehaving and that's what I get for running master not properly compiled. But anyway, you put the icons only task manager into the panel, and then you proceed to is actually everything crashed? No, just Plasma, that's good. As long this works, as long as this works. Is this still working? Probably not. So nice, that's so good. Okay, I still see comments, so that's good. Sorry, I've done a video on how to make a dog. See that one for reference. You still see me? Hopefully, yes. KDE Plasma crashed. Okay, kill all Plasma show. Boom, dead. Thank you. Or now restart it. This happens more often than you would think. And let's get rid of this empty panel. It happens often because I'm on a development release, that's why. Okay, so let's get back to reading comments. Can I get rid of this bar? So weird. Okay, KDE Devs will defend this. Yes, I will. Did I say I'm from Genoa? Dev branches have unique features. Let's call them features. These are features, yes. Ara, you are aware of this low problem with Plasma. You couldn't be more vague. I don't know. How about maximizing, maximize menu in Windows 11 in KDE Plasma? Maximize menu. What's that? I don't know what that is. Is there a way to have a QtFish OS style control center in KDE? You need to make one, sadly. There is none that I'm already aware of. It should be feasible, but nobody has done it yet. Hopefully, I will do it sooner or later. So yeah. Next question. Can I just, let's do like this. Much better, thank you. As I was saying, any chance for Vulkan backend for Kiwin in the future? I answered this already. So go back in the live stream and watch it again. The whole thing, watch it the whole thing again until you find the right spot when I talk about Vulkan. What do you think of Plasma big screen? It's a cool project, but I'm not sure how it's like, I'm not sure if it really works as a product. Like, how do you use it? You either buy the thing you to connect your TV to, Raspberry, I don't know, or you connect your PC and either way it doesn't really work as a use case. So I don't know. What do you think about artifacts with rounded corners and blurred theme? You're talking about the corners bug. It's a tough one to fix, as I've said before. Hopefully sooner or later it will be fixed, but if a bug is open for 10 years, even though it's super talked about, it means that it's very hard to fix. Have you tried to make anything with MoicKit? No, personally, no. And actually, neither with KuriGami, I don't do applications that much. I mostly do Plasma and desktop. So yeah. About item padding on widgets, I meant panel applets, like adding a padding to minimize the desktop. Not really, you can't do that, sorry. The best you can do is try to edit the applets themselves because it shouldn't be that hard to implement this. If you do your own, whoops, that I wasn't meant to do that, sorry. You still see me, right? Yeah, sorry. As I was saying, you can edit the applets source code and you add a very big margin and then you change, or maybe it's enough to change the preferred width, and that should be enough. What improvements are coming? Make a deconnect cannot reply to messages from a phone from a notification popup. The send menu button doesn't click. That's a bug. Please open a bug request and we can try to fix it. Just connect used to work perfectly when I was unknown. Just connect is good, right? I think it's a really well done KDConnect client. And yeah, open up a bug so we can look into it. I wanted to have a RPY4 and install Plasma big screen so it's like a TV box. I mean, if it works for you, go for it. I just don't know how many people would actually do that. That's my issue with it. You're on a dev branch, so you can show how the new covers which task which, yes, I can. Let me open up settings, the new effects like KD Plasma 5.14 has super cool effects which I'm now going to show you which are blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Where is it? No, it's actually under thumbnail, no, not thumbnail. Switching, sorry. Switching task switcher, sorry. You change from breeze to cover switch, this one. Look at how cool this is, so cool. Look at here, blah, blah, blah. There's even it's blurred, I just love it. The other one is flip switch, which is this one. And they're new. They have been completely remade in QML. They won't be the default one. The default one is still this one for now. But yeah, cool, cool stuff. I've used KD Connect in Linux Mint and a big fan of it, but now I'm in a Chromebook. Is there an official support from Chrome extension? Thank you. Do you mean to use the Chromebook as a client for KD Connect? If so, not really an extension from Chrome, but Chromebooks should support Android apps. I don't know if it supports the KD Connect app as well. I have got a Chromebook, I can test it later, but in theory, the best way is probably trying to install the KD Connect app on a Chromebook. When will the latest KD come out in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS? Look, if you're making that question and you're in a LTS, you haven't understood the concept of LTS. So LTS long-term support, stable things that don't ever get updated, even if new versions of the things come out. Even if KD Plasma is a new version, it won't get on a LTS because that's the whole idea of long-term support. You do back fixes for that particular version, which is a whole version of Plasma, and you don't update. How are you familiar with Garuda Linux KD? I've seen it, but never used it. What is the new version of Plasma gonna have? A new wallpaper and cool stuff. If I talked about the cool stuff now, it would be anticlimactic, so there is gonna be an announcement soon. How's the trackpad gesture development in KDE going on? Right now, nobody's working on it, sadly. Like somebody worked on it for a bit and then stopped, and right now, nobody is. We hope that somebody will get back at working on it very soon, but till that happens, nobody knows. How old are you? 20, thanks for asking. Hi, been following your work for KDE for a while. I'm a student in computer science. I've never contributed to KDE. What do I need to learn to get started? QML and C++.  Did you ever figure out that on your bug? Yes, I think so. Oh, well, I'm screwed. Probably. I was wondering if you could answer something technical. Whenever I click on the taskbar, there is a line that goes horizontally on it. Seriously? Whenever you click on the taskbar, there is a line. Can you do a screenshot, please? Send a screenshot to Nicola at venerandee.com, please, so I can check it out. What do you think about the lack of implementation of free desktop cigarettes in KDE right now? Free desktop secret. What a weird name. Secret API specification. What's this? Done by GNOME K-Ring developer and K-Wall developer. Okay, so it's a password thingy. And the fact that it's done in a joint work from a K-Wallet and GNOME K-Ring developer makes it look like a cross desktop thingy, so I don't know if KDE isn't actually enforcing it. Plus two, it was plus two. Okay. Love from the Philippines. Hello. What are your thoughts on KDE developer tools and docs? Currently, there are many tools to add new devs and theme creators. Is there any plans for improvement, especially in the KDE developer front? Okay, so there is no specific plan as far as I know, except for improving the documentation, which is an ongoing task. The docs are generally good, sometimes a bit lacking. We're trying our best, but there is even a person that was hired to find the flows in KDE documentation. As far as tool goes, there's not much work on tools. Maybe you've got some stuff like Cattlefish, sorry, Cattlefish, and that helps you, but specific tools, I don't know. There is also the Plasma theme tool, which is cool, but yeah. Any plans for Vulkan supporting K-Win again? This is the third time I get this question. I've already answered this. Go back, see everything. There is a white stripe on the left of the screen. I thought I fixed this. I did, right? Whoa, weird. Look at that. Oh, it's because I touched, it's because I touched the, let me try to fix this. Wrong direction. The perfect, perfect. I'm such a cool person, right? Sorry, it went out of the green screen, so that happens. Anyway, did you know the part should? Yes, I know part should. It is no longer supported. Oh, that's sad. It doesn't work anymore in Mandaro. Now that's sad to hear that part should is no longer supported. It was a very cool stuff, so. But now we're getting this, so hopefully the feature remains. Do KD devs consider much about how their apps interact in Tiling Window Manager? I mean, they should work in any size and position. So in theory, yes. Of course, stuff like dialogues should not be tiled, but that's up to the Tiling Manager. But yeah, they should work. Has Google intentionally making life harder for KD devs to keep KD Connect on Android? Kinda, because they have done some security stuff which prevents KD not really staying on Android as far as I know, but rather, some features that were unsupported like the clipboard. Such a cool feature, but known for security reasons doesn't allow that anymore. Sad, does KD work on a touch screen? Kind of, you get some of this stuff, but not everything, so yeah, kind of works. I've done a video about that. It's called a challenge only use touch screen in KD Plasma and I see that there are some very big issues. Sadly, did you like the KD3 look? No, sorry. Maybe I'm biased because I came with Plasma 5 already, but I didn't like, I'm not a big fan of the old themes and stuff. When is the new KD Ignome-like overview coming to Neon? I mean, if you're in beta, you should have a Plasma 5.13.80 or Plasma 13.90 or even Plasma, sorry, 5.14 already. If you have that desktop effects overview, you select it up and it's meta-w should work. It's not 3D, but you can use it. Is there a way to mount SMB shirts in Dolphin or is SMB 4K the only way? I think there was a way, but I'm not an expert of this functionality, but let's see, if you go into network, there should be add network folder. I thought SMB was here, I don't know. I don't know, sorry, I thought it was here. So check it, maybe it's some plugin, I don't know. In a recent version of KDE, like around 5.23, did you notice any artifact while doing halftop window switching while you're hovering your mouse on task manager panel? No, sorry. We are seeing GNOME going the flat route. What about KDE? So KDE is not going the flat route and the idea is to have something that's kind of in between flat and too much not flat. There is shadows, there is depth and you can see it, like a bit of gradients, but not overusing them, that's the idea. I think I'll go back to Windows then, okay. Why is YouTube eating up my messages while it didn't eat up this one? Nicola, I just sent you the video of the weird line and also a screenshot via email. Let's check. Let's see if I can see the email, what is this? Don't read all my, okay, thank you for that. Thank you, download this video. Three seconds and we'll see what happens, okay. Hello, video. Hello, hello, it's showing folder. Oh, you're using latte, you're using latte, say it. You're using latte, you're totally using latte. That's such a latte thing to do. Yeah, those are custom effects that latte implements, so open up a bug requesting to latte. Not a KD bug, not a KD Plasma bug, latte is KD, but you need to open a latte bug and I don't know why it does that, but I only know Plasma panels and not latte panels. Task switcher on screen edge is buggy, just try it yourself. Task switcher on screen edge is buggy, could be. I usually use this one, this one works very fine on an attached edge. I just referred a new overview in the beta release, no, sadly, no. That's very sad, but it wasn't implemented. Nikonikoni, okay. Nobody clip that, please. Why I need to restart my PC every time I change in the screen refresh rate, for example, 60 to 144, that doesn't actually seem like a KD thing, so sorry, I don't know, it's probably not an issue of KD. Why more battery life in KD than GNOME? We shouldn't, that shouldn't happen. Could be like, I don't know, background CPU usage, but I find it hard to believe. KD has this power profile feature, but sorry. But I mean now GNOME has it too, so actually GNOME was first, so yeah, I don't see why it shouldn't be any difference. What Linux, there's no reason to scream, calm down, what Linux distro do you use and why? Neon, because it's master. I need master stuff, Neon is the most updated, so yeah. Where do you think a guy that only knows JTK and GNOME development could contribute to KD without too much of a learning curve? Tough one. You only know JTK and GNOME development. So I guess GNOME development has something to do with C++, so you probably know C++, and that's a good start. Something that could be interesting for a GNOME developer to work on. I really don't know, something that's not too QML-based probably. So some API stuff maybe, I don't know, because all of the UI is QML and I don't know if you're comfortable with using QML. I don't know, I'm not sure which particular part of KD. Funny how Nicolò is happy when he sees that a bug is not a Plasma panel bug.  Here we go again. Do you know a GNOME developer that we can reach to, just like you? I think there was another GNOME developer doing live streams, but I forgot the name, sorry. You could contribute to the Breeze JTK theme. The Breeze JTK theme is a very good idea actually. Very good idea, thank you. The Breeze JTK theme, we totally need people helping out with that one, so yeah. Why is the background contrast effect? Here we go again. It's my fault again. Not my fault, but my aerial competence. Visually broken when using the Breeze Dark theme. Mainly the edges of kickoff when it hides or on a panel without the hide. Okay, I guess, okay, yeah. Whenever, okay. No, this is actually my fault. Oh, okay. What's the idea? Did I touch again the monitor or stuff? The idea behind this issue that should appear actually regardless of your theme, but it's particularly visible in Breeze Dark is that we cannot use custom contrast effect depending on the theme. We need to have a single one for both Plasma Light and Plasma Dark. Now, the contrast effect makes things lighter on the background before the actual applet is drawn, which means that on the light theme, it's white on white, makes sense. On the dark theme, it's light on black, which makes less sense. But in theory, you shouldn't notice because the applet is drawn on top of that, so you don't notice it. However, during animations, the exact position of the applet and the background contrast effect are not the same, which means that you see some parts of the screen where you do have the contrast effect and not the applet and drone, which are white, which creates some ugly noise. That was kind of my fault because I made the contrast effect much stronger, so it was easier to see. 100, thank you, I'm gonna get to that question in a sec. And that's why you get that issue really. And there is not a clear fix, like you could make contrast effect more appropriate for each theme, I think I tried to do that, but if it's still there, I don't know how to fix it.  Do you think lightly application style visually more polished than breeze? Good one. Is it more polished? I don't think it's more polished. I think that it's more modern in its style because I think they're both pre-polished and if anything, the lightly is currently being changed a lot compared to breeze where it has been forked from. So it might be a bit less polished because it's in the works, but it's different. Polish is visually minor things, minor bugs, stuff like that. Breeze has been there for a long time and even though it was revamped, I don't think it has such small polish issues. Lightly could have them, but it's more modern. I think that's the main difference. Do you know any dev support from Caddy and Gnome projects? Like any people doing development on any project? Yeah. I mean, I know some people in the CS university starting from that. I'm not very close to any other project, but lightly looks better though. Yeah, yeah, I don't get me wrong. But polished and looking good are two different things. Polish is a bit more objective. It's about having small bugs, small inconsistencies when you see that something hasn't been worked upon enough. Looking good is very subjective and it's what lightly does probably very well. Don't get me wrong. Is there any way to have tiling Caddy? I'm really interested in trying Caddy, but I can't live without tiling. You can have tiling. You just have to use a third-party K-Win scripts and I know that sounds scary. It sounds scary, but it isn't. There are some really good third-party scripts that provide all of the tiling functionalities. I think Bismuth is one if I'm not confused. I have actually used K-Win scripts to do tiling for quite a while and there are some really good ones. So if you need tiling, it's there. You just need to activate it by choosing a third-party script. Thingy search yells idianrupe. Thank you. I didn't recognize it. Choose your fave, APT or Pacman. I remember that Pacman was pretty cool, but I don't have any reason to complain about APT. I can even like APT build the app and install all of the dependencies to build something that's cool. I don't know. It's hard to choose one when you're incompetent on the differences between the two. If one tiling Bismuth is the best, it probably is. Check out Bismuth. Bismuth. Will Caddy connect remote input work on Wayland anytime soon? I don't know. I really don't know. Sadly, I think I need to put a warning at this point. I'm not a Wayland developer at all. So I don't really know how those things work, sorry. Chronkite, Chronkite, I don't know, is unmaintained. I've actually used that for a bit, but I think there were some other scripts that fit me a bit better. Lots of them actually. You can choose whatever. Is there anything interesting I've missed? I find many new users get drawn to Caddy over alternatives probably because pretty and looks a bit like Windows. Does this affect how many advanced feature Caddy does have? No. The idea is that we try to, right now, we try to design Caddy so that it's user-friendly to even non-tech savvy people so new users as well, regardless of the actual use-based, the actual people using Plasma right now. We try to design Plasma so that it's for everyone. That's our goal. So even this doesn't affect us directly. Like it's not because of this, but we try to do that regardless. Your favorite Caddy reject? Probably some of these events that I loved. I totally loved the title menu. The title menu let you do like, okay, let me show you this. Just to let you know as soon as this finishes, the stream also finishes. So yeah, if you go on, thank you, Chrome. I never asked you. all.raddy.com slash r slash, slash oo slash vegeor. You can find all of my posts and if you go down enough, only submitted, please. If you go down enough, you will find my old desktop setups from before being a Caddy developer. So now we are going to get back in time and see how my desktop was years ago. I just need to press the back. How many videos do I post? Give me a sec. So there was this time where I had my personal theme. This was my personal one. It was, it's probably still on, let me replay this video. It's still probably in the store. It's called painting something. Can I play this? Please play, okay. Look at how pretty, how pretty, like all of the transparency, the colors. I love these things. But now that breeze is a bit more transparent than I might be. So no need for that anymore. Unix born with five up votes. Ah yes, this was pretty easy painting. It was probably removed because too little change. Then I did this. Look at here. How impressive this. This is the Samsung DeX setup. It's set up exactly like a Samsung DeX. Kind of the old one at least. Then I did this. Can I go down, sorry. Look at this craziness, like look at here. Let me start again. Look at this craziness. This is what I was doing. So this was a tiling script. As you can see, I was using a tiling script. It was cave quantum. So all transparent. The desktop was changing color. And then I had this plus button to open your apps and also activities. Those are activities and it actually makes sense. So crazy. I never actually used this setup. It was just a way to show how cool Plasma is. And then I had this. This was actually much closer to what I was using. So you get this fluent style. With the top panel, everything is transparent. And all of the apps are pretty consistent. So I was happy. But it's not the first. And I've done even more stuff. There is this 500 upwards. I'm very proud of this one. The fluent design, super transparent. Look at this. Like how pretty is this? It has some issues, but cool times. Even here, I did all of the, look at this. Very transparent. I was here. Okay, here I was 100% transparent. Like no background at all. I was just using blur as a background. It was crazy. Sorry, I'm digressing. So let's get back to... There is any plan to use Rust and Caddy. There is no plan to use more Rust and Caddy, but if you want to use Rust, you can. And there is at least one project I know of that uses it. If I remember correctly, which is Icona, I think it's called, I don't remember. Chrome not false. It's not false, but right now it's the only browser that works on my computer or next. Firefox for some reason doesn't work. So sorry, but yeah. Do you know anything about that new accent color interoperability with other desktop stuff? Oh, that one. Probably depends on what desktop's up. JTK apps probably should work. Why not? I mean, if the Breeze JTK theme does that, which it should. It should work for JTK apps and I don't think we will support more stuff other than JTK. Who could I bug about Caddy Connect and Wayland? Open a bug request on bugs.cd.org. If you don't know how to do that, I've done an entire video about it that almost nobody watched. So go watch that one. I think there are three actually projects in Rust, I guess probably, I only know one. Are you excited for the new Cosmic DE by the Pop OS theme? I don't know if I'm excited. It's cool to have new desktops, but at the same time, I'm not excited until I see something because doing a desktop is tough and even like Maui, technically Maui has just created a new desktop. I'm not excited about Maui Shell yet.  Who knows? Will you expect big performance improvements in the eventual switch to QT6? Not big ones, but surely there will be performance improvements. Is Kuri Gami similar to Libhendi or more like Granite? Does Kuri have plans for a HIG library or is there already one? Okay, so Kuri Gami, I don't know Granite. Libhendi, I do know, I think it's different. Kuri Gami is a QML library, mostly. Actually not mostly, it's a QML. Maybe it works with C++ too, I don't know. In general, I think it's mostly a QML library. You do UI stuff in Kuri Gami and the cool thing about Kuri Gami, the reason for Kuri Gami to exist, is the convergency. So you do something for desktop, it also works on tablet and mobile. That's why it's cool. An HIG library, I don't exactly know what you mean. Right now we only have the HIG. I don't know. Could you add a circular ball effect to the mouse pointer in KDE? I don't want to just turn off the mouse in effect, but isn't there something, let me see. What's the name? What's the name? What should I search for? So many settings. Where is it? Launch feedback. Launch feedback. Okay, there is no circular motion thingy. You do get static blinking or bouncing. Okay, I guess it's not really exciting. I guess one could be implemented, but I'm not implementing it myself. Sorry, I'm not interested. But if you want, I don't see why not. It's just one more option. How bad can it be? Do I need a different KDE account on GitLab to open a bug request? Yes, you need a bugzilla account and see my video on how to do a bug request on bugs.kd.org on how to make one, actually. But yeah, it's a different account. How can I have a close button for the window in the panel? You can have this. It's right click on the panel, add widgets. You get a sidebar, where is the sidebar? Asset. Asset, add widgets, sidebar, thank you. Get new widgets, download new Plasma widgets. You search for controls, something, window, title bar, I don't know. You ask for close, close button. Must be somewhere. Must be somewhere. Okay, minimize, maximize, close buttons. It could be this one. I think there is a prettier one somewhere. I don't remember the name, sorry. But there is, just search for it. Just one more option. How bad can it be? Is it like a KDE inside joke? Yeah, yeah, it was Psy, I can do this. Psy feed autos, Psy feed autos windows button. That one, yes, it's that one. Active window control, see it was window something. Active window control. Sorry, I am not omniscient. Will the desktop cube ever come back? Right now, nobody's working on it, but that doesn't mean that it could come back one day. It has to be rewritten in command. And I don't see much interest to do that from developers, but that doesn't mean that one could do it anyway. I'm not the one to bridge, bridge. How do you pronounce the bride, bride, just bride? You need to, if you're really interested, I can tell you which developer you need to throw money at if you want to try to convince them. I'm just kidding, that's not how you convince KDE developers, but yeah, somebody needs to do it. So I have piled up a lot of bugs in KDE, but didn't get the courage to report any of them yet.  No, it's really useful.  Of course, try to double check if you see that it's there already.  It's just something, sometimes it happens and it's even worse if you don't report a bug because that way there's no way to actually know the bugs are there. We'll run that Windows work again on Kwin. It works now already, so I'm not sure what do you mean. Run Windows for a mistake. Run Windows for a mistake, ah. Okay, boomer. They work so hard, devs are always busy. So the idea is keep in mind that most of us is doing this in their free time. I am doing this in my free time. Development, I try to make some money out of it using this channel, but most of people free time. Those who are hired do a lot of work on some more specific stuff. And I know it's annoying when something doesn't get fixed or implemented like the cube, but the reality is that it's not even about being busy. Is that sometimes if there is no interest in doing this, nobody will. That's the difference between a community and a company.  But if you're a community volunteers, what do you expect to do? Why are so many devs unpaid? Okay, so let me clear this up since I brought this up. KD developers, there was, and probably there still isn't. Let's say that up until some months ago, I could surely tell you that not a single developer was paid by KD, not a single one. There are people working on KD Plasma and KD in general, paid by other companies. Now, KD wants to start paying some developers for some specific stuff, but the general idea is that developers don't get paid by KD because it's a community project and it's always hard to get money involved in something that's not supposed to be for profit and stuff. Now, in the last months and years, many people stood up to ask that this was changed and now there is some attempt in hiring some people to do development work on KD Plasma, but as far as I know, this isn't very, not much, I think three people were hired, but I don't know, three positions were opened, but I don't know if those were hired, but it wasn't existing developers as far as I know. I don't exactly know, but yeah, the idea is that there are some issues with paying developers and we can overcome them and a big fan of paying the developers, but up until now, it was just mostly volunteers, we don't have that many money, so yeah. Do you think the new desktop overview and one-to-one jester will make it to the next Debian stable release? When is it? No, the answer is no, but when is it? If it's in two years from now, maybe, anything less than that, sorry, I don't think so. Is it bad when a community gives money to a member so he can work on the community more? If you pay, if you community pay a particular developer to do something, in my opinion, it's a good thing. However, I'm extremely biased because I've got a pattern and stuff and I did in the past ask money for specific features. Keep in mind that this comes with some caveats, so if lots of people pay a developer to implement something, he does and then the merge request doesn't get accepted, well, it doesn't, it doesn't land on KDE, master. So even if you pay for something to a particular developer, that doesn't mean that less talking, more developing. This is a chat, I'm not developing, I don't feel like developing right now, sorry. Even if you pay someone to develop something, that doesn't mean that it will be landed because money is not a good reason for landing something, but it is a good reason if for a particular dev maybe to actually implement that feature and try to propose it to the KDE community. I don't think it's a bad thing. Your mileage may vary. I don't know, at the end, the community decide. Would you rather give money to a certain developer to do a certain thing with all the caveats or would you rather donate to KDE as a whole and then let KDE organization choose how to use the money internally? Personally, I'm asking you for Patreon, so that's where I stand. Red Hat eats KDE, does them, I don't know. Do you think that KDE could benefit from a development fund like the one Krita now has? Yes, 100%, I do think this and it should come, like don't get me wrong. There are some skillful people that are currently working on how to improve the fundraising situation. We are improving in that sort of stuff and I'm always happy when KDE gets more donations. But I would like to see some more developers getting paid in KDE. That's for sure, I totally agree. The Krita development fund, I think was done with a good help with the fundraising group from KDE, so I think there is work being done, but I think Elementor US came up with a very good sustainable system. They use GitHub sponsored on day. That's very interesting and I was a big fan of that until I discovered it has significant fees. I think it is maybe like, I don't remember the exact percentage, but maybe 20%, 10%, something like that. Don't remember, sorry. But there are fees.  So ouch.  You know, this feeling is very common. This feeling is so common and sometimes I just feel like that regarding the whole KDE. Sometimes I'm just like, okay, let's do KDE from scratch. And that's actually something that people sometimes ask KDE to do. Can you do KDE from scratch? And then there is no, it's not possible. You can't rewrite everything from scratch. Although it is like, you get that feeling sometimes. Will Steam donate to Plasma when the Steam Deck will use it? Not as far as I know currently. Maybe they will, maybe not. Honestly, I don't think that they have to because already the fact that they use Plasma is big, big thumbs up for us. I don't think that going to them asking money is a good idea. It's a terrible one. You want other companies to use KDE Plasma and if you go to each company using KDE Plasma asking for money, that's gonna get bad. But I mean, if they decided, if they decided to do it anyway, we would be happy surely. The camera is pointing a bit too low. Thank you for telling me. This camera has the tendency to go down after time, sorry. Please tell me about these issues. I still have like 10 minutes. Where can I learn about desktop environment development from my videos? Okay, you can read the documentation on how to get involved regarding development. That's a really good start. There are lots of links. Get in the VDG chat. I think that's really a good start. I've done some videos explaining how to make your developers set up and stuff. You probably should start from those things. What do you think of Fedora's Kino Hite? I haven't used it yet. Hopefully it's good. It sounds like an interesting concept. Any plans to fix the clock for vertical panels? Oh, yes. Like, hopefully somebody will do it, but I haven't the time to do it yet. And believe me, the code for the clock is not an easy one to deal with. Not an easy one to deal with. So I don't know. Hopefully, yes. Right now use a third party clocks because there are so many cool ones even for vertical panels. Sooner or later, I will be a KD contributor, I promise. Just dropping in as a Zwei user to say hi. Hi. Clocks are very messy. And yeah, especially the code. What is the current preferred way to make a new KD app? Getting old pages and truly friendly following the HIG is also not straightforward. Go read the Kree GAMI documentation. Go read the KD frameworks documentation, which is bad, but at least the Kree GAMI one is good. Yeah, start off with the Kree GAMI documentation. That's a good start. What is the best distro to develop KD? KD Neon. Is KD Neon good? Yes. Because I use Manjaro for, but for a few days, Pacman is not working correctly. For development, KD Neon is really good, but you can use whatever really. Right now I'm on Ubuntu for reasons. I'm actually on Ubuntu, the stable one. I'm still doing development because I can build the latest version from Git and that's no issue. Greetings from Germany. Hello. Will Dolphin ever have Open as root option? We have it. We have it. Latest from framework's version is implemented. We got them. Have you tried Manjaro KDE? Yes, for at least a year. I've used it. It would be interesting if KD Neon had a version based on Arc, probably. I'm not against it. Can Vermette, I don't think wallpapers will be sold as NFT. Can Vermette, oh, hello, can Vermette. Would selling wallpapers as NFT be a good fundraising source? Or so do you think it would be asking for trouble? It is asking for trouble a lot. Like, go see the latest tweet from Mozilla. Just see, they just said that they could now, they now accepted money from Bitcoins, I think, or general crypto. And it was a terrible thing. Like, they had to do another tweet saying sorry. And that was just crypto. NFT is even worse. And even if you go into KDE dev chats and stuff, developers won't be happy to do NFT stuff because it has issues. Starting from the climate change one, which is directly against KDE goals. You know, actually mining takes up a lot of power and usually it's not exactly green sources. NFT in particular has bigger issues that I won't get into because I'm not an NFT expert, but people would be mad at us. So yeah, also, hi, wallpapers though. That's an interesting idea, that's for sure. But if there was a way to like, I don't know, NFT is sadly not the right direction. How soon in what Plasma version do you think the new desktop overview and I answered this before, I don't know. Probably, I don't know, a year from now. Let's say that, a year. I don't know. It all depends on when people will start doing more development about that. Do you come live each week? If I manage to, yes. So I try. Hope. I figured by hey, everything is worth a thought. No, totally. It's like, I do think that wallpapers selling through NFTs is a bad idea, but until you analyze it, it's not. So it's totally worth looking into it. And in general, new innovative ways to try to monetize content production, I think is a good way. But NFT, think about it. I don't think it would work. Your live streams have inspired me. I'm happy. Greeting from Mexico. Hello, Mexico. Why is the title bar, why is the title, yeah, by the way, Canvermats makes, as just a media blog post, I've read it saying that it will do a lot of live streams and if you're interested in making wallpapers, art, stuff, I don't remember the exact topics, but go check it out. It's interesting. Any news on fingerprint support for KD5.24? Yes, 5.24 will have a fingerprint support in the KCMs. That doesn't mean that fingerprint support is not something KD has. It's drivers. But if there is a driver, now KD actually listens to the driver and fprint and actually exposes the option to you. So yes, it's getting better. Do you feel the wayland experience on 5.24 will be stable enough to make it default? We probably won't make it default on 5.24, but there is actually this, this is the big issues that has to be fixed before we can only make it the default. The list is shrinking. For me, I don't notice any difference, except that I can't record because I haven't set up pipe wire, but except that, really good. Thanks for your video. By the way, YouTube desperately needed you to cover the kids side, KDS side. Kids side was interesting. Let's do videos for kids. Yeah, programming is fun. Even if you, yeah, just kidding. Yeah, yeah, thank you. I'm happy that I'm helpful. Five o'clock, I think I can go and I need to go to the bathroom, but I also have an exam tomorrow, which means that I have to study, sadly. And it's algebra, two, it's algebra, two. Whoa, good luck to me. I'll go studying and see you later. Bye-bye.


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Hi there, this is Krishnanth from Bytescout and in this video, we will be going to learn about the next operator of the T-SQL execution plan called a filter. The filter operator in the execution plan scans the input table and returns only those rows that satisfy the filter expression specified in the predicate. So for example, if you have some predicates in the where close, then it can be evaluated at the leaf level of your table or at the index access operations. So essentially the predicate is evaluated at the storage engine level. But sometimes the predicate in your query can't be pushed at the storage engine level and then you will see a filter operator instead. So filter operators are often used for known sargable predicates or when the predicates are too complicated to be pushed effectively to the index access operations and sometimes you can't prevent it. Let's say if you have a group by having close in your query and you cannot actually apply that having close until the aggregation has occurred. Query optimizer uses the filter operator to return the records that matches the having close predicate at the last stage. So if you see a filter in your execution plan, then they might be for a good reason. Like calculating things you don't currently know the answer to. And sometimes you will see this operator because of your less efficient query. Alright, now enough of this theory, let's see this operator in action. Alright, so for this filter operator demo, let's start off with this query where I joined two tables product and product category with this product category ID column. And here I want to find a product whose category is bikes. Now let's execute this query. And if we look at the execution plan, here we can see an index sick operation for product category table and index can operation for product table. Now here what you don't see is the additional filter operator and it is because this predicate get pushed to the operator at the lift level itself. So we have an index sick for product category table and index can for product table. Alright now in the next query, I want to retrieve the count of products by its category and for that I have to use the group by close by its category name. So now let's execute this query and let us check the execution plan. So now this time you can see that we have a little bit different execution plan than above query. So this time we have a stream aggregate operator, but we still didn't have a filter operator. Now let me uncomment this having close. Now what this having close do is it will retrieve only those category whose product category count is greater than 2. Now let's execute this query again and this time if we see the execution plan here we can see that now we have a filter operator. So we have this filter operator because we have a group by close and once the results are aggregated we have a predicate against those group results.  Alright now in the next video we will be going to learn about the next operator called stream aggregate.


To get to photography, you get to share a captured moment with other people. James Wilson Creative Earth Institute of Photography


Hello everyone and welcome to another video on Indian Radiologist's YouTube channel. I am Dr. Chaitali Pareh, consultant musculoskeletal interventional radiologist and today we'll be discussing on another topic in musculoskeletal radiology which is slightly tricky one and that is MRI anatomy of the finger. I know these are difficult times and many of you are working day in and day out as covid warriors to save a lot many lives. I hope by sharing the knowledge that I have gained through this video I can help you to learn something in these trying times. Hope you like the video. MRI anatomy of finger is really tricky because of the small size of the soft tissue structures of the finger. Two basic things that are needed to report a finger MRI is a good quality scan obtained in appropriate planes and second is you need to be well versed with the anatomy of the finger. Today we'll be discussing both these aspects in the session. Before we start the session let us understand what part of the hand we are going to cover in today's session. So this is the hand okay where you can see the carpal bones, metacarpal bones, proximal phalanges, middle phalanges and distal phalanges. Normally speaking we have five fingers that is you have index two little finger and you have a thumb but however with respect to MRI the thumb and finger need to be dealt with separately and that is because the anatomy of the thumb is slightly different and more importantly because the planes in which you scan the finger cannot be used to scan the thumb and vice versa. So the planning for both of them is different and hence they are considered as separate MRI studies. Thumb we will discuss separately in a later session. Today we'll be discussing the MRI anatomy of the four fingers. So four fingers means 12 joints and that's a huge number. But the good news is if you know the anatomy across any one finger that anatomy is applicable for all the four fingers. So basically all the four fingers have got the same anatomy. So now you only need to understand the anatomy across three joints which is one finger. We will start with the very basics of how to get an MRI scan done because getting a good quality scan in appropriate planes is very very critical particularly for small joints like finger. So if you have a good scan you're more than half the job is done. So first we'll discuss about the coils that can be used followed by positioning for MRI, protocol and planning of MRI then we'll discuss the anatomy of the finger and finally we'll look at the normal MRI appearance.  This is the image of a flex coil and all the MRI images that you'll see in today's session have been obtained with a flex coil and you can obtain very good quality images with a flex coil. So dedicated finger coil is not a necessity. If you have it you can use it if not you can get very good images with flex coil. In case you don't have both of them you can use a volume coil like a knee coil for getting the MRI images of the finger. The positioning for an MRI scan of the finger is called the Superman position. This doesn't mean that you're going to fly like a Superman while getting an MRI done. It only means that the scan is done in a prone position with the affected arm above the head just like this. So actually if you'll see it looks similar to a Superman flying in the air except for the flying part. So currently obviously we don't have MRI machines which can help us fly who knows it can happen in the future. In case overhead abduction is painful say because patient has a frozen shoulder. In that scenario patient can lie down in supine position with the arm by the side and the scan can also be performed in that position. So this is how you'll place the hand. So it should be in the prone position with the palm facing downwards. So this is this is the hand that is placed on the coil. Make a point to place a marker at the site of pain or symptom in the patient. Place the marker superficially and do not press down the marker. In case the patient is making some movements you can also tape the finger to the coil. So this is the MRI from two different patients showing the positioning of the marker. This is the wrong method of putting a marker whereas this is the right method. The difference is that this marker is placed superficially whereas this marker has actually been pressed down on the skin and when you do so you will actually deform the underlying structures and miss the injuries. So please inform your staff to put the marker superficially or you can tell the staff to put the marker one centimeter proximal to the site of a pain or the abnormality. So that way you will not even compress the underlying structures and you also know where exactly to look at. So coming down to the protocol first you obtain a stir coronal of the hand that is entire hand from wrist to the finger which is the tip of the finger which is the large FOV to look for the bone and the soft tissue edema and the areas of abnormalities. Once you know the area of abnormality please obtain the rest of the scan with small FOV images. So next is a proton density coronal image in a small FOV wherein you cover from the tip of the finger up to the discol shaft of the metacarpal. Then you have a proton density sagittal image, proton density axial images, T2 part saturated sagittal image and T2 part saturated axial images. Now amongst all these proton density images is a very important image for musculoskeletal imaging. It is really helpful for imaging of the ligaments, tendons, small structures like volar plates, pulleys and everything and even identifying the injuries. T1 weighted image is not required for injuries or internal derangement scans. So this is a proton density image and if you will see the tendon is also visualized better as compared to the T1 and particularly the small triangular black structures which are nothing but the volar plates they are not easily identified on T1 weighted images. But T1 weighted images are needed for imaging of the marrow so T1 weighted images are required for infections and tumours. For the planning first obtain the axial images and then plan the coronal on the axial images so they should be planned exactly along the finger of interest or parallel to the shaft of the finger of interest.  Now ideally you need to include an adjacent normal finger while planning the scan. So when we are planning a coronal image make sure that at least one or two adjacent normal fingers are included. Similarly when you are planning a sagittal image please include at least one adjacent normal finger so your planning should be this. Now this is important because sometimes the injuries to these small structures are difficult to diagnose and when you have an adjacent normal finger you can use it for comparison and come to a diagnosis. So in order to obtain good quality images a 3 Tesla MRI is better than 1.5 Tesla. Please get small FOV images because with large FOV identifying these small structures is very difficult. Call in your application specialist and set appropriate protocols. Ideally you should get 2 to 2.5 millimeter thickness images. Up to 3 millimeter is still acceptable beyond that if you obtain 4 or 5 millimeter thickness images you will miss those thin structures of the fingers and for the same reason you need to have 0 millimeter slice gap so that you don't miss anything. So points to remember place a marker and place it superficially. Imaging planes should be along the finger of interest this is very important because if the planes are not along the finger of interest diagnosis becomes very difficult. Include an adjacent normal finger so that you can compare and come to a diagnosis. So this is the list of all the structures that are present in the finger but this is not how you need to report a scan. So for scan reporting you can divide your anatomy into osteo structures or bones and joints and cartilage. So first look at them and then start looking at the soft tissue structures. The soft tissue structures can be divided into 3 compartments. The first one is the volar compartment, second is dorsal and third is the lateral compartment. The volar compartment comprises of volar plate, flexor tendons and pulleys. This is from deep to superficial. Dorsal compartment you have extensor tendon and sagittal bands and lateral compartment you have the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. Now flexor tendons are in the volar compartment and they are two of them flexor-digitorum superficialis and flexor-digitorum tropondas. Extensor tendons are on the dorsal compartment and they can be further divided into extrinsic tendons and intrinsic tendons. Extrinsic tendons are those which originate out of the hand say in the forearm or the elbow and insert on the finger. Intrinsic are those which originate in the hand and insert on the finger. So extrinsic comprises of extensor digitorum, extensor inbysis and extensor digiti minimi. Intrinsic you have the interoscia and the lumbar icles. Now this is the image showing the volar compartment and it looks pretty complex. So what we'll do is we'll break down each structure and look at them individually so that we can understand the anatomy well. So this is the diagrammatic image showing the coronal image of the finger and this is the sagittal image of the finger. This is the dorsal. This is the volar and you can see the lamelline. So this is metacarpal, proximal phallines, middle phallines and distal phallines. So the first structure we are looking at is the volar plate which is the deepest structure on the volar aspect. So it is an inverted triangular structure with a broad base attachment to the distal bone and a slender attachment to the proximal bone and they are present at all the joint levels. Next is the flexor digitorum superficialis. Now this is a flexor tendon which is a single tendon up to the base of the proximal phalline and then it divides into two tendon slips which go and attach to the base of the middle phalline. So if you'll see it has an appearance of a tuning fork. I'm sure all of you must have used a tuning fork in your physics experiments back in the school days. So the stem of the tuning fork is the single tendon and after splitting it forms the prongs of the tuning fork. The third structure is the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Now FDS is superficial to FDP and this relationship is valid till the base of the proximal phallines. After that the FDS divides into two tendon slips and while doing so it forms a loop or a gap in between and FDP passes through this loop and become superficial. So if you'll see that after the division of FDS the FDP becomes superficial to the FDS. As you can see over here the red tendon is the FDP and it is becoming superficial to FDS over here and then it runs all the way up to the distal phallines to attach to the base of the distal phallines. The key to remember that which one splits and attaches to the middle phallines and which one goes and attaches to the distal phallines is S for S that is the superficial is splits and will attach to the middle phallines while the profundus or the FDP tendon will run in the midline and attach to the distal phallines. And the last structure is the pulleys. So you have cruciate and annular pulleys. These are the cross ones are the cruciate pulleys but they're not much important so we'll only discuss the annular pulleys. There are five of them. The odd number pulleys are close to the joints that is the MCP the proximal inter phallinger and the distal inter phallinger joint and the even number pulleys are along the shafts of the phallenges. So A2 is along the proximal phallines and A4 is along the middle phallines. And the function of the pulleys is to keep the flexor tendons in close proximity to the underlying bone particularly when you flex the fingers. Now this is the dorsal compartment. I'm sure this also looks very complex and in fact dorsal or the extensor compartment is more complex as compared to the volar compartment. So as you see again this is the coronal image and this is the sagittal image where this is the volar plates to show you that this is the volar side. So the first structure is obviously the extensor tendon and at the level of the base of the proximal phallings or the mid proximal phallings level the extensor tendon divides into three slips which is one central slip and two lateral bands. Now the central slip runs in the midline goes and attaches to the base of the middle phallings whereas the lateral bands they are reinforced from intrinsic tendons on both the sides. Some of the fibres of intrinsic tendons also go to the central slip but predominantly they go to the lateral band and the lateral band joins with this intrinsic tendon to form conjoined tendon and this conjoined tendon then joins together at the level of the discylinder phalangeal joint and forms a single terminal tendon which goes and attaches to the base of the distal phallings. So the central slip attaches to the middle phallings whereas the lateral bands along with the intrinsic tendon attach to the base of the distal phallings. Now overlying these tendons similar to what you have police in the volar compartment you have got sagittal band and extensor hood on the dorsal compartment. So the sagittal band is a thin band of tissue that lies superficial to the extensor tendon at the level of the metacarpal head. Extensor hood is actually formed by a sheet which is contributed by all of these extensor tendons and triangular ligament is again a thin sheet of tissue that connects the two conjoined tendons distally. So these sagittal bands and extensor hood they prevent the subluxation of the extensor tendon of these the most important structure is the sagittal band. Now let's look at the lateral compartment so again the same diagrammatic representations and laterally you have only two structures that is the radial and the ulnar collateral ligaments. So the collateral ligament on the radial side is the radial collateral ligament whereas on the ulnar side is the ulnar collateral ligament and on the sagittal image you can see that they arise dorsally from the proximal bone and distally they go and attach more on the volar aspect. Now ideally there are two collateral ligaments a proper and the accessory on both the sides but clinically it is not much important and so all you need to know is there are radial and ulnar collateral ligaments you do not bother about the proper and the accessory ones. So let us now look at the normal MRI appearance of the finger the first image that we obtain is a star coronal image of the hand to look at the area of abnormality the next is the flexor compartment on the sagittal sections so this is a proton density sagittal image this is a coronal scout image and this line will help you to guide as to which level we are looking at. So currently we are imaging the middle finger and we're looking at the midline section so in this midline section this is the volar compartment where you can see the entire flex attendance and at the level of the joints you can see there are black inverted triangular structures with a broad base attachment to the distal bone and a thin flimsy attachment to the proximal bone. So these are nothing but the volar plates and volar plates can have intrinsic intermediate signal intensity this should not be mistaken for a tear. Now I know the proximal attachment is very thin but the good news is that the distal attachment is usually torn which has a broad base attachment and so identifying these injuries is not that difficult. So volar plates are the deepest structures on the volar aspect of the finger. Now we look on the sagittal sections and we'll be going from radial to the ulnar side and as we do so the first structure that we see is the radial collateral ligament here again you can see the radial collateral ligament at these two joints. Now we'll directly go to the midline section so here you can see that there are two flex attendance at the level of the proximal phalanx it becomes difficult to differentiate the two tendons after the mid level of the mid phalanx we know that only FDP tendon exits because FDS attaches at this level so this entire tendon is actually the FDP tendon and this is the insertion of FDP tendon on the base of the distal phalanx. Now you cannot see the insertion of FDS tendon on this particular section because FDS divides into two tendon slips and has a paramidline insertion on the middle phalanx so as you go back on the radial side here you can now see the FDS inserting onto the middle phalanx which is the radial slip and again when you go on the ulnar side you can see the ulnar slip that is attaching to the middle phalanx. Now let us look at the extensor compartment on the same sagittal sections so again this is the scout image and we'll be going from radial to ulnar side we'll directly go to the midline section and here you can see on the dorsal aspect this is your extensor tendon and this at this level nearly at the base of the proximal phalanx it divides into three components so the central slip runs in the midline okay so you can see the entire central slip which goes and attaches to the base of the middle phalanx and the other structure that you can appreciate here is the terminal tendon which is formed by joining of the conjoined tendon so this terminal tendon goes and attaches to the base of the distal phalanx. Now if you'll see there is no tendon appreciated in this region this does not mean that there is a tear in the extensor tendon as we know the lateral bands they run in the paramedline region where it is reinforced by the intrinsic tendon to form the conjoined tendon so again as you go slightly on the radial side here you can see the entire lateral band of the conjoined tendon which is on the radial aspect and similarly when you go on the ulnar aspect you can see the same conjoined tendon over here over here you can see this line so please don't just look at one midline section and label a tear of the extensor tendon please look at the paramedline sections to make sure that the lateral bands of the conjoined tendons are intact. Now we'll again look at the flexor compartment but this time on the actual sections so we'll be going from proximal to distal so this is the volar compartment and these are the flexor tendons and this is a thin flimsy structure that is enveloping the tendons this is nothing but the pulley now depending upon the level at which you are looking at you can know which pulley it is so this is at the level of proximal phalanx and hence this is the a2 pulley now as we go further distally here it is actually difficult but you can see that there are two tendons over here so the deeper one is the fdp and the superficial one is the fds and as you go further distally you can see that there is a tendon this fds has split and it is trying to go on the lateral side here you can see that this is the fdp and these two small structures are the fds and as you go further distally now you can see that the fds is trying to go deep to the fdp so basically the fdp is becoming superficial from the loop that is formed by the fds so here you can see that the fdp has become superficial and when you go further distally at the level of the middle phalanx you can see that the fds is inserting to the middle phalanx and the tendon overlying it which is the fdp and now further distally you can identify only one tendon which is your fdp because the fd has has already inserted to the bone and further when you go at the level of the distal phalanx you can see this small flimsy structure this black that that is nothing but the fdp which is inserting onto the distal phalanx and that will be actually better appreciated on the sagittal image over here now let's look at the extensor compartment so again here you can see that these are the intrinsic muscles so these are the interoscii and the muscles between the flexor tendon these are the lumbaricles now in this image which is at the level of the metacarpal head okay this is the extensor tendon and this is the flexor tendon the structure which has intermediate signal intensity seen deep to it that's the volar plate now this is a thin structure which is nothing but a sagittal band so here you can see this is the extensor tendon and this is the sagittal band which goes and attaches to the volar plate so this thin black structure is the sagittal band which goes and attaches to the volar plate and it prevents the subluxation of the extensor tendon now let's go further distally so this is your extensor tendon at this level now you can see three tendons so the one which is dorsal is the extensor tendon whereas the one which is present laterally are the intrinsic tendons so that is the extrinsic extensor tendon and this is at the intrinsic tendons and as you go distally you can see that there is a sheet of black thin black line that is connecting these tendons and this is at the level of the proximal phalange and this is nothing but the extensor hood which connects these tendons and keeps them in place and prevent the subluxation now as you go further distally you can just see one black structure so the central part is the central slip whereas laterally by now you know that the extensor tendon has divided into central slip and lateral bands and laterally the intrinsic tendon have actually come and join the lateral bands and this is nothing but the conjoined tendons so this is the central slip and this are the conjoined tendons and as we go further distally at this level you can see that this is the central slip and it is attaching to the underlying bone over here which can be better appreciated on the sagittal image and distal to this you can only identify your two lateral structures but there is nothing in the midline because the central slip has already attached to the bone so here these two are nothing but the conjoined tendons which run in paramedal line sections and distally again you can appreciate the conjoined tendons and as you go at the level of the base of distal phalanx they have joined to form a single tendon okay and now they are attaching to the base of the distal phalanx here which can again be appreciated on the sagittal image now let's look at the lateral compartment and they'll be better seen on coronal sections so we'll be going from dorsal to volar aspect and as we do so first thing to look on the coronal sections are the bones and the joints because they are very well seen so this is the metacarpal head this is the proximal phalanx middle phalanx and distal phalanx and here you can see the cartilage is also very well seen so this thin gray zone this is the metacarpal cartilage and this gray zone is the proximal phalanx cartilage so the black line is the cortex and the gray zone between the two black lines is the cartilage similarly here also you can identify this thin gray zone which is again the cartilage at the proximal interphalangeal joint so once you've assessed the bones and the joints the next structure is to look at the collateral ligaments and here you can see this black structure or it can have sometimes intermediate signal intensity so these structures which are arising from the dorsal aspect of the proximal bone are the collateral ligaments and as you go on the volar aspect you can see that they are attaching to the distal bone in fact here you can also appreciate that there are two bands so this one and this one and these are the ones what I was talking about as proper and accessory components but again it is not important from clinical point of view so on the radial side you have the radial collateral ligament and on the ulnar side you have the ulnar collateral ligament and you can also correlate these ligaments on axial images so this is the head of the proximal phalanx and here you can see this blacks this intermediate signal intensity structures they are the collateral ligaments again these are the collateral ligaments at the joint level and this is the base of the middle phalanx and here you can see again that they are attaching to the base of the middle phalanx over here so now further points to remember correlate the structures on all the planes in sagittal planes remember all tendon insertions are not seen on mid sagittal sections particularly the lateral bands with the extensor and the fds insertion for the flexor compartment please look at the paramidline sagittal sections carefully and this is a checklist so which structures are better visualized on which sections but please remember to correlate all the structures in all the planes thank you for watching the video and if you like the video please hit the like button and leave your feedback in the comment section if you want us to take any particular topic please do let us know in the comment section also subscribe to the indian radiologist youtube channel and indian radiologist group on other social media platforms to get information regarding future educational videos and if you have any queries regarding this topic please feel free to type in the comment section and we'll get back to you thank you


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