Okay, as we start, just want to remind us about a few verses or few places where Paul exorts, meaning encourages, the church, encourages the believers in this way. So he says, if you notice, some of Paul's writings, 1 Corinthians 12 and in 1st Corinthians, you'll see that many places, he says, now, brethren, concerning this, I don't want you to be ignorant.   So over and over again comes that, those words, I do not want you to be ignorant. Okay, what does it mean to be ignorant? What does it mean when you say ignorant?  Opposite is, what does ignorance mean? Knowledge, yeah, knowledge, wisdom, right? So when you say I'm ignorant, which means, see, I don't know. I don't know that information. I don't have that information, right? So Paul is saying over and over again, I don't want you to be ignorant about something, which means, you know, right now, I don't want you to remain in that place of not knowing about this subject, of not knowing about this topic. Okay, so the understanding is that God does not want us to be ignorant. He wants us to grow in knowledge. He wants us to grow in understanding.  It is enough. I want to keep it simple. You know the Lord, I know their salvation. I want to keep it simple. But when we read through scripture, we see that, you know, the exhortation. And God does not want us to be ignorant, but to be knowledgeable in everything. Everything that the scripture talks about, where there is a time in place and the season where God gives revelation. But the fact is that we need to have that mindset. You know, I do not want to be ignorant. I do not want to know, not know or be in that state of not being curious or not being knowledgeable. Okay, so I just want to encourage us that, you know, this end of this term, you know, whether we continue certain subjects or not, let us continue to grow in the knowledge and wisdom and understanding of the Lord, of His Word and of the ways of the Holy Spirit. Right? Okay, let's pray. Father, we thank you for this exhortation that you do not want us to be ignorant Lord. Father God, we thank you that you want us to grow in our knowledge, in our understanding of your Word, of your will, of your ways and about the Holy Spirit. So many things, Lord. You want us to grow in, Father God. At the same time, being people of childlike faith, trusting in you, depending on you for everything. But Lord, you want us to grow, God. And Lord, we pray that throughout life's journey that we will have that perspective, that we will not be ignorant in anything, that we will, Lord, search your Word even as you lead us by your Spirit and take us from a place of ignorance to a place of knowing God. We thank you, Lord. We pray, Spirit of God, even as we open our hearts to you this morning, we pray that you would speak to our hearts. We pray that Lord, even as only you can give us revelation and understanding, Lord, we open our hearts to that ministry of the Holy Spirit. We thank you. We give you all the praise, all the glory. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen. Amen. Okay, so let me just share the notes. We've come to the last few topics in our notes. Okay, so I hope that's come up. So we're looking at, today we're looking at the last few topics and it's about some practical guidelines about financial stewardship, right? Some of those practical things. The last topic that we looked at was investment, right? Investment meaning, if God has blessed us with financial blessings, then we use that as part of using it well is also to invest in it. Okay, use the money to invest so that there is a return. You get something more than what you have put in. And when we looked at, we considered several options, right? Like putting it in a bank and also investing in different, you know, different tools and which are available for as fixed deposit, recurring deposit and so on, right? So whatever works and if you get information on that, you can go ahead and do it, right? Okay, so today let's look at work and retirement. Okay, so now when we consider work and retirement, many of us have this understanding that work happened because of the fall, fall of man, right? We think, okay, man is, you know, confined or, you know, he's made to work, he's made to till the ground and by the sweat of his brow he needs to eat and all that and that all that came after the fall. Yes, it is mentioned after the fall that, you know, this is the condition, right? But if you look at scriptures before that Genesis 2 verse 15 and so on, we see that work is something that is instituted by God, right? When he looked at Adam and Eve and he created them, placed them in the garden to tend and to keep it, okay? To guard, to work, keep. So work is something which is God breathed even, you can say, God created work, okay? So it's for the good of man, like to be occupied with work. So when we say work, we're looking at various things, right? Ministry is also part of that, okay? So sometimes we think, you know, he's working but he's in ministry, right? But if you look at it, we do the work of ministry, right? We do the work of an evangelist, right? And so on. So when you look at work and all of us are commanded to work, right? Work with our hands and so that we can get something in return so that we can take care of our needs and also we can take care of others' needs, right? So when we say work, we're talking about everything. We're talking about ministry also, the work of ministry as well, okay? So when we look at work, yes, as part of it, God also has given us times of risks, seasons of rest, so that we can recharge, be refreshed and work, okay? So many times what happens is that rest or leisure is seen to be the objective. Now that is not the objective, right? You know, I want to just rest. I just want to just take it easy. I just want to do anything. I just want to just be on one long holiday, right? Sometimes we have that, right? Because maybe work is tough, maybe because we're looking at all this Instagram posts and people are saying, you know, I'm just traveling from one place to another to another to another and enjoying life. Sometimes we think, oh, I wish I could also be like that. I just want, I don't want to work at all. Why should I? I just want to reach a place where I just live beyond one full holiday all the time, right? But if you look at it, God created work, God created us to work and God also created rest or instituted rest so that we will have times of work and times of resting. So leisure or rest should not be our objective all the time, okay? Should not be saying, I'm, how can I rest? Or how can I take it easy? Or how can I, you know, not work? That should not be our objective because the whole of our lifetime, we are called. We are called to work. And with that also have times of resting which will, which will refresh us, recharge our body and mind so that we can work, right? So, you know, we got calls us and along with that call comes the work, the details of the work. Where should I be? What should I do? What should I, you know, be engaged in, involved in all that, you know, comes attached to the call, right? The kind of call that God has. So we don't need to compare ourselves, but we need to, you know, connect with God and receive that call from Him, right? So God leads us, leads us in seasons to bring us to the fullness of what He wants us to step into in terms of work and, in terms of, you know, work and leisure and so on, right? So, when it comes to work, yes, they will come at time or we will reach a place in life with regard to age and, you know, capability. They will say, okay, I want to retire. Okay, what does retire mean?  So we need to consider that also, think about that, okay? Right? So what will help us is some financial planning right now, okay? It might not be much, we may not be making much money, we may not be receiving much money, but we can think about it, okay? What can I do, right? When I reach the place of retirement, what should I do or how should I start investing now so that there can be some, some flow of money so that I can take care of retirement years, okay? Not to fear, but to think and plan. It's always good to do that, right? And God will give us ideas, God will leave you, okay? Okay, next one, you know, this whole thing of net worth, okay?  So how much is it worth? Sorry? 12,000. 12,000 is when you bought it, okay? But now how much is it worth? 3, 4, okay, so 3 or 4,000, why? Sorry, you used it and so if you need to sell it, it will probably be worth 3,000 or 4,000, right? Okay, if it's in good condition and if it's not broken, etc., okay? So the value of every, in every product that you have, you know, whether it's a water bottle, whether it's a, you know, your watch has a worth, okay? So how much are you worth? Right? If we are asked, okay, how much am I worth? So in financial terms, you know, if you look at it, see, definitely, we are worth much in God's eyes. Maybe not in our own estimation, you know, we may not be, you know, I'm not worth much, we might think like that, but we are supposed to look at ourselves through God's eyes and God assigns value and worth because he says, he so loved the world that he came, that he gave to redeem. So we know that we are of high value to him, okay? So and that value does not go down, okay? Now you said, okay, when I bought it to us 12,000, now it's 3 or 4, but your value does not go down with God. In his eyes, the value is the same. He loves us the same, which is something amazing that in God's eyes, it is, if it's 12,000, it remains 12,000, does not go down just because, you know, you are older or just because whatever reason, right? So our worth remains the same with God. He values us, he values us, he loves us, he cares for us, okay? But in strictly financial terms, if we were to, in terms of, when I say financial terms, in terms of money and in terms of things that you own possess, you know, we can calculate how much we are worth. It depends on what is our investment, what is our bank balance, what are the things that I have possess, you know, is it good to do that or is it, and why do we do that? The motive is the thing, you know, why do we want to do that? Well, it's good to do that because you can assess and see what are the things that we have, what are the blessings that we are enjoying, okay? It is good to do that in terms of maybe a crisis or maybe if someone is very deep in debt, it's good to do that, you know, especially when it comes to debt and repayment of debt and if somebody doesn't have any money, it's good to assess and see, okay, what are the assets that we have? Assets meaning, is it their land, is there some jewelry, is there some, so some money that I put away, you know, something that I, it's there, hidden away that I forgot about it, or maybe we, you know, put money in some fixed deposit, we forgot about that, it matured, we didn't draw it out, something like that, right? So to consider that and see, okay, what is the value, what is the net worth so that it can be useful for repayment, okay? So it's good to assess purely in terms of seeing, okay, how much God has blessed us, we are thankful for that, how can we be a blessing to others, right? And in terms of crisis, it's good to know, okay, this is so much I have, therefore I can do this, you know, I can maybe sell it off, I can repay and things like that, okay? So but net worth is something you need to understand, it goes beyond money, right? Not just money, but it's the value which God assigns for us, okay? So you will see in the market, you know, in the market in the sense of when you read about it in the papers and, you know, you see this is a high net worth individual, you know, this person is valued as so many crows, which means that he has so much wealth, like, if he sells off anything, everything, this is what he will get. So you will read that, you will see that in the papers and so on, but you know, the thing is that our value is assigned by God, we need to understand that, our value of every human being cannot be just measured in Rupees and paisay, but it is actually something that is assigned by God, but it's good for us to do that exercise to know ourselves, to, like I said, to see what kind of blessings have we enjoying and how much God has blessed us, to be grateful to God, okay? Yeah, I'm not going through all the scriptures mentioned here, but yeah, let's just read just one second, okay? I just want to turn to Psalm 20 verse 7, he says, some trust in chariots and some in horses, okay? Some trust in chariots, some in horses, okay? So what does that talk about? It means we are thinking about the two-wheelers and four-wheelers and whatnot, okay? That's what they are talking about, okay? I would drive a Benz or drive a, you know, BMW, some trust in horses and some chariots, but we will remember the name of the Lord, that's what the Psalmist says, okay? So we will remember the name of the Lord, it's not that we don't have chariots or horses, okay? It's respective of whether we have chariots and horses, we will remember the name of the Lord, okay? Irrespective of whatever worth, you know, in terms of finances we have, but we will remember the name of the Lord, you know, that's the thing, which means that we, esteemed God, we know whom we have trusted and these are, you know, to trust in wealth or riches is, you know, it's not foundational or it's not solid ground, but we will trust in the name of the Lord, okay? That's what the Psalmist says, right? Okay, let's remember that. Okay, taxes, we saw, you know, tax is something, whom do we pay the tax to? It goes to the government, okay? It comes in different ways and you buy some product, you know, there is a goods and services tax, GST, which is added to it, so we, you know, everything, there is a, the government gets revenue through taxes. If you're working in an organization, then there is a, you know, there's some tax which is deducted, there's tax deducted at source, you know, professional tax and so on, right? So it's, tax goes to the government, okay? Now we might, we might argue and say, okay, this government is corrupt government, right? I mean, say, you know, this, they've not done anything, right? Look at the road, look at the electricity, you know, like, things are so much better now, but, you know, we, sometimes we can ask those questions, so they've not done anything, why should I pay taxes, right? You go back to times when the Lord was ministering on the earth and you think about that government, okay? So much more corrupt, so much more not accountable to anyone, right? What they think is what they did, right? So at such a time, the Lord said when it came to taxes to pay what is due, okay? So we understand that, okay, if there is a tax and if it's something that is due to the government, and then we will pay it, okay? So, so when you, when you look at, okay, let's say you're getting a salary or you're getting whatever tax that needs to be paid, even in ministry, you know, when we look at ministry, let's say you start a church, you know, there are some, there are some guidelines, right? And you will learn more about that in the last year, church administration, right? So we see for ministry, we are supposed to be accountable to God, to people, which means the law of the land, right? In so that people will not point fingers, people will not accuse. So when it comes to taxes, you know, we are supposed to pay taxes, okay? So never forget that, right? But the government itself gives us some benefits, right? So we can find that out, okay? If we invest in some things, then we don't have to pay so much of a tax, or we don't have to pay a high tax, the tax can be reduced, okay? And if you're giving to a charitable institution, for example, an NGO, which is doing some good work among poor people, right? So when you're contributing to that, then there is certain, in certain cases, there is what is called, you know, Section 80G, it's called. So when you make a contribution, then your tax, the tax that you're due to pay is marginally reduced, okay? So things like that. So in the West, you know, in the US, I've heard that when people give contribute to church or any ministry, then that is, you know, they have the tax benefits, right? But it's not so in our country, right? In India, those of you who are watching through e-learning, you know, maybe in your country, the policies could be different, you know, there could be some benefits when you contribute to a ministry or church or whatever, or, you know, some NGO or non-governmental organizations, but this is how it is, you know? So we can make use of that, okay? We are not avoiding tax when we do those things. So it is legal, like it is instituted by the government. It's recognized by the government that when you support some good work that is being done through these organizations, then there is a reduction in the tax that you need to pay. So we can always do that, you know, and the government gives some subsidies, like, okay, if you're working in an organization and some amount of money goes to your children's fees education, right? Then again, there is some kind of a reduction, marginal reductions, you know, these are all small things, but then all this adds up to substantial reduction in tax. So the question is, you know, is it okay to do that or not? Yes, it's okay to do that, right? Because it's recognized by the government and it is legal, okay? But what is not okay is avoiding, totally avoiding payment of tax, right? So as long as these kind of policies are there, it's okay, we can make use of that in order to reduce our tax, okay? Because it's money that we've earned and out of which we are paying taxes. So if there is something, we need to be again aware of this, right? Sometimes we are not aware, hey, I can do this, I can probably invest in a, you know, let's say there's something called NSC, right, national savings scheme, right? The post office and so on. So you use that and then there is some kind of a reduction in the tax. Suppose you're investing in NSC and it's within that financial year, okay? So it's not like, okay, I invested some three years ago, but I can make use of that information to reduce my tax. No, it's within that financial year. Financial year is April of a particular year, till the March of next year. In India, it works like that, right? Some countries have a calendar year, January to December, okay, as the financial year, which means all the accounting, all the tax payment and everything needs to be within that. Whereas for us here in India, it's April. Now, we are coming to April, we are in April, right? So financial year has started 2024 till March of 2025, that's the financial year, okay? Okay, life insurance, what do you know about life insurance? Is it okay or not? Why is it okay? If it's not okay, why is it not okay? Yeah, I can use the mic, sorry. When you are taking the life insurance, you need to pay the GMS and all, but later if anything happens, it is a security, at the time when you need it, the money will come. It's like, according to the scheme, what the return you will get, on the basis you will like, it's like if it is a health insurance or it is a life insurance. So according to the terms and all, what kind of, how much return you will get by investing in that. So it's like, it's beneficial actually, it's history you can take it. So is it lack of faith in God? Oh, it's not like that, it's just planning, you're planning for your future, that is the thing. Okay, right. So yeah, so like, yeah, go ahead. It's okay to be wise and take a life insurance, but it is not okay to be completely reliant on that and overly ensure yourself. Yeah, like we saw in Psalm 20 verse 7, this again, it extends to all these things. We are not putting our faith and trust and life in this one thing, but our trust is in God, our hope is in him. But this is something that you can plan when you take, when you say life insurance, it is some amount of money, you take a policy and some amount of money which is paid, sometimes it's monthly, sometimes it's once in six months, or sometimes it's annual. And that amount that you pay is called a premium, insurance premium. So you pay that. Then what happens, you know, this for an extended period of time. So every year you keep paying and it has a maturity date, maybe 15 years, maybe 20 years, it depends. So there's a maturity date. So at the end of the maturity date, there is a payment which comes. Okay, let's say something happens. Okay, this means the Lord invites you to go up or maybe some kind of your martyred for working for the kingdom. What happens is the people whom you nominated in the policy saying these are the beneficiaries, if something happens to me, then my wife, my children, or my brother, my sister, whatever it is, these are the beneficiaries of it. So all they need to do is take that policy. So which means that we need to inform our family or inform the beneficiaries, hey, there is such a policy in the event of anything happening, you can actually access it. You can go to the company from which the policy was taken, show the policy, show the proof of death, which means death certificate. And the benefit of that policy comes to your family, which is a good thing. Now, if you look at Elisha and what happened then, we see that the widow, we don't know why they came to that place of debt. We don't know. Maybe this is one of the prophets who passed away. So we don't know how they ended up in debt, but it was a difficult situation. Now, the prophet is not there. Now, the widow is there and the children are there and they have to repay the debt and it's a difficult situation because she's saying that the creditors are coming. They will come to take away, so we don't have anything. And then God intervenes and they are able to pay back. So this insurance is something that would help. In the event of something happening, then the beneficiaries, which is our family members, they are taken care of. Well, there are some people who say, for me, I don't want to take life insurance policy. Like there are some people who say that and I know some people who say, no, no insurance policy, doesn't matter. Whatever happens, let it happen. We respect their choice, but this is something that is available for us. It doesn't mean that I don't have faith in God or it doesn't mean that I don't trust him to keep my life, to save my life. No, but it's also possible. There are too many factors. It's also possible that, yes, something could happen and in the event of that, it's not in the knowledge of God, without God knowing, no, God knows it. But something happens and the family is taken care of. So insurance, we have life insurance, we have, like Sagar said, there is health insurance, etc., which can actually benefit us. So when we come to a place or when we reach a place of maybe some kind of a income, steady income, then we can consider this. We can consider this and I believe there are some policies where you pay 1 rupee, something, it made it very easy. Even if you book a train ticket on your app, you get health insurance for that journey and it's some 1 rupee or 2 rupees for that particular journey and you mention who are your beneficiaries and so on. So yeah, it is useful in that sense. So think about it, that is something for us to plan, ensuring a life, health and so on. Two more things, which is transfer of wealth, in a sense. The Bible talks about that we leaving an inheritance for others, others meaning your children probably, family, leaving an inheritance. Now it doesn't say you need to leave so much. It has to be lax and lax or grows and grows, but whatever it is, it says a good man leaves an inheritance for children and children's children, like two generations. So it doesn't specify the money. So this is something that we can also think about. After I go, after I pass away, something of a physical nature, financial nature, something that is an asset maybe, which can be left, which can be given to our family. So that it can be like something that will bless them, something that takes care of their needs. So that is what we mean by something that is planned and a transfer of wealth. And this also, the planning for that is during our lifetime. We plan and say, okay, so what are we doing? We are actually thinking ahead and saying, okay, I'm putting away this so that after I'm gone, it can be a blessing to my spouse or my children or whoever else. And it really helps us. So it's again comes under the purview of being a good steward. Okay, God has blessed me with this, so I want to steward this well. Some people have been so generous. So some people write a will or leave their entire wealth to maybe an educational institution, maybe an orphanage, maybe a ministry, something that they have been blessed with or something that they see there is a need. And so they pass it on. It's a small observation. In the recent past, there are quite a few of them who are in a different level of riches and extreme wealth. You can call them from philanthropists or royal family and they choose to forego everything and then everything that's absolutely everything and then they just walk away to something. What's your take on that? So they choose to give it away to society, give it away to someone. They choose to, there could be many reasons, maybe the sick and tired of it, maybe they want to bless others. But in any case, it's a normal gesture, right? Yeah, but sorry, sorry. This is the intent is also to attain salvation by Oh, I see. Okay, okay. So maybe they are pursuing austere life, life devoid of all that. So the motive could be a wrong motive. So the motive also matters, like they are sincere in their attempt to do this, they are sincere. They just want to give away and sometimes they do it because they think that for them it will be something that will benefit them like attaining moksha or whatever and leaving behind such a life. And we know of some people who did that, right? Mahavit Jain, Gautama Buddha, all those people who did that. And it was in pursuit of something, the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment. And they felt that this was injuring. And so they said, well, the motive is, we need to appreciate the sincerity and also see that they have a hunger, which goes beyond wealth, a spiritual hunger. I mean, we can appreciate that, but an if possible guide. So that's the thing. But obviously, this is going to help someone. But whether they are being helped is a question. That's the thing. So again, transfer of wealth, it's something that we can think of, think of and plan ahead. Then the last thing is that when it comes to the next generation, when it comes to the next generation, suppose there is, you're leaving behind whatever wealth or whatever, it could be land, house, whatever, they should know how to handle it. How to handle it, meaning not just spend it, but they should know how to use it well. So when it comes to the next generation, when it comes to children, maybe grandchildren, they need to be trained. We see again over and over again the need for the next generation to know what we know and even more when it comes to money. For example, in our family, we never talked about money. We never talked about money in the sense what we should do with money or these are the options that are available. We never talked about it at a young age. It was always, don't talk about it. It was always something like a taboo, sitting around and talking, don't talk about money, don't forget it. That's all big people. They will talk, elders. Why do you want to know?  Why do you want to know? So leave it to the elders. But the thing is that children need to know, not to burden them, but they need to know how money functions. They need to know how to use money, how not to abuse money. They need to know the right perspective, all the things that we've looked at that God is the God who provides, that God is not against money, but we need to be careful. There could be hindrances to receiving the very things, the blessings that God wants to give. There could be hindrances and our own motive and our own attitude could be a hindrance or our ignorance of it. And we need to know that there is a real enemy who comes to steal, kill and destroy. We read in Malachi that he's a devourer. So all these principles, they need to know and they need to know right from a young age. I know of a father in our church, I know a father who actually has like one hour teaching sessions every Saturday. Like if not all Saturdays, Saturdays, he takes time to teach these children. Now these children are teenagers, one is in the last year of school, the other one is in college, but he takes time to teach them. These are options. This is how you can say, this is how you can, sometimes I wish somebody told us when we were younger, but that is something which is necessary. We teach them everything, we teach them how to cook, we teach them how to ride a vehicle, we teach them, they go, we want them to get a good education, etc. And about this also, about money, we need to teach them. Only then, when you leave something behind, they will be able to use it well. Use it well, meaning not just hold it and keep it for themselves or not spend everything away, but really be a good steward of it. So we need to, there needs to be some kind of a training, equipping, because if wealth is left, it will just go through. They will not know what to do with it. Either they'll be too scared to spend it too careful so that they won't use it anywhere or they won't know the value of it because it was given to them. It was given to them one day, it's a huge amount, oh wow, they get excited, I can spend it on this, that and the other and it's all gone. So when we're saying to the next generation, of course they will be adults when this wealth comes into them as an inheritance or something that comes to them, they will be adults, but if they are not trained as children, then they will not have the right perspective. And training also would mean what does the Word of God, what does God think about money in their lives? They need to know that the biblical perspective of finances. And sometimes I remember growing up, the constant thing that I heard from my parents over and over again, hey, we are poor. I don't know if you have heard it, we are poor, we cannot afford it, so don't try to be like the other people, be careful, don't try to be like the other people, we are poor, we cannot afford it. So I grew up hearing this, I'm poor, I cannot afford, I'm poor, I cannot afford. Now while it could be reality, yes, we are poor, we cannot afford all these things, that's a fact. But the truth is that we worship a God and to him belongs the cackle on a thousand hills, the gold and the silver, they are his. And he is the one who gives generously without holding back. And he's Jehovah Jaira. So that aspect also, we need to know. The fact is this, today we cannot afford this, tomorrow maybe we cannot afford this, but that is not the final resting place, that is not the final destination.  So that we need to know as children. So it is just, it is a mindset as well, not just kill and information about the money market or saving schemes, not just that, but also this mindset. Okay, with that we come to an end or the end of this course. Any questions, anything? Couple of closing questions. First of all, how much of hindrance do money please in the role in our ministry life? One, and the second one is the challenges that people go through ministry. Is it in areas of finance, is it because God is teaching us to depend more on Him or is it because of the poor choices He or she has actually made? Sorry, what is this in the last line? The challenges that people go through ministry in the areas of finance, is it because God is teaching us to be more dependent on Him or is it because of the poor choices He or she has made during? Yeah, yeah. So first question is how much of a hindrance does money really play in our lives or is that, sorry? That's of ministry. In case of ministry, yeah. So the thing is, see, ministry or work or otherwise, we need money to function. That is a, that is a reality. But money should have its right place in the ministry. One, we cannot be in denial saying, okay, I don't need money to work or to do the work of ministry. Every small thing requires finances. So that's the reality of it. But where is your heart at? What is God asking you to do? So that's the thing. So because if we are going to keep our focus on money, we are going to keep our focus on the need. The need is there. But if we are focused only on the need, focus only on the money that we are not focusing on the one who takes care of that need, one who wants to provide for the need. So we need to have the right perspective in the sense that, yes, I know this is the need. This is the reality. So it means you need to know the state of affairs. What are the bills to be paid? What is the monthly expense, daily expense? What is it that we need to function or daily as a ministry? We need to know the reality of it. And over and above that, we need to know that who is the one who takes care of our needs. So that should be there. Third thing is, what do I need to do now? What is God leading me to do? Yes, the way God has designed church and ministry is that people who are blessed to give to the work of ministry. But we also see it as a, what do you call it, a bivocational thing where Paul worked with his hands provided for the needs of ministry of himself and for his team. And people also gave. So we see that in Paul's life. So we know that it's a scriptural framework. So what is God leading me to do? Has he graced me, anointed me to be in the marketplace? According to this call of being a minister, has he graced me to be in the marketplace so that that can be an avenue of provision for the ministry? So it all comes down to that. Because if you've not thought about these, we're not afraid about these things and we could be in a wrong place and saying, I'm living by faith, whereas we've just ignored the prompting of the Spirit, the leading of the Spirit.  So that's the thing. So it can be a challenge when our focus is not right. So you need to be real, not live in denial, but also know that God has called us to do maybe a list of things and be faithful to that. So that's it. And the second one is about... When people go through challenges in ministry, so again, that's the thing. When let's say a church borrows, takes a loan as a trust, takes a loan, then the focus is on repayment and that is monthly with interest. So well, I'm not saying that you cannot do it, but do it with the right heart, which means that you're going to put unnecessary pressure on people in order to get, in order to pay, because there's no other source. Be careful of all that, be mindful of all that and that's the thing. And it could also, it's a mix of that also, the choices that we make. Like we saw, it is the choice, it is the motive which can be in hindrance also. So is God teaching me a lesson? Well, God, we know primarily teaches us through His Word and the Spirit. So that's God's way of teaching, God's way of teaching a lesson. He doesn't take my hand, put it in the fire and say, see, that is fire, it burns. No, no, no, that's not God. That's not the way of teaching of any earthly father. So how much more are heavenly father? He's not going to break my hand and say, okay, this is how the fracture feels, so you be careful. No, but my choice lead me to those consequences, to those, but then the Lord is redemptive. Despite that, He still teaches, He wants me to be back on my feet so that I can complete the race that He's called me to run. Last question, Pastor. Is it okay like when you, to do your ministry in whichever area God has called you and to run your business or do something so that you support your ministry without being dependent on people, not talking reference to being dependent on God. Absolutely. It depends on the nature of ministry as well. Because I know of people and we see the scriptural example of Paul, for example, in the New Testament, who did the work of ministry and was gainfully in this business of tent making. So that's why we said tent maker, that kind of thing of people who do their work and then support them and also known people. So the nature of ministry is that, I know of a person who's passed away now who worked in Chennai for trust. So in the harbor and as an engineer and all through his life, from the time God called him till he retired, he worked that way. He will work, weekends he will minister and he was the work of an evangelist. So weekends he will travel. The tough Saturdays, Sunday he travel, he'll be preaching somewhere, but everything he will take care of, his travel and his stay and everything will come from his own thing. So that's something he said, God call me to do this and I will do it. So it's perfectly fine, just be sure. So with that, we come to an end of this course. Please do go through the notes again, check through it and let it stay in our hearts. At least the broad concepts or the broad things that we looked at, the principles, let it stay with us so that our life can change accordingly. Sanjay's question is, when will we get our final assignment? So it will be this week. So this week we are on the 17th. So it will be this week, the second quiz. E-learning students also around the same time. Thank you so much. Hope to meet you all next semester. God bless. See you guys.


on everyone Sam here with latent sports cards and I am ripping two boxes of 2021 contenders optic football for Brian H so good luck Brian here we go man oh I drink a lot of water when I'm here too every time I walk out I'm drinking like three glasses of water basically zero like after this break water I have to do I am all hopped up I'm out and do Blazing Bob you know it all hopped up and I love it all right box one here we go to 175 Devonte Adams nice one there we've got pink Bill Romanowski and John Elway X's nose that is to 75 for the Broncos nice one there got Travis Kelsey base for the Chiefs first rookie is going to be a Najee Harris nice Najee there for you on the contenders optic rookie we've got Noah Gray base autograph for the Chiefs nice Noah Gray catching passes from my homes and second autograph for box one is a Silver Auto that is Brevin Jordan for the Texans nice one there geez now stay on caffeine there jb for sure all right I have not seen one mills come out of this yet not one which is crazy box two let's see if it's a little better than box one here for you Brian hope so nice all right to 175 we've got Dak Prescott on the red there nice one here green pulsar to 30 I believe yeah 25 of 30 Josh Allen for the um bills that's a nice one there for you Brian very solid got CD lamb base rookie is nice rookies in these two boxes we've got Devonta Smith Eagles base rookie got a Trevon Morrig that is not numbered base ticket auto and we've got some 149 on the color maps that is red on card Cornell Powell for the Chiefs that'll do it for your boxes there Brian hopefully do a little bit better next time for you congrats on all the hits and we'll get those right out to you thanks again man


Boris Karloff on Inner Sanction Mystery, brought to you by the makers of Carter's Pills. Good evening, friend. Let me welcome you once more to the Inner Sanction. This is Raymond, your host. Tell me, won't you, and sit down? No, no, I'm not being polite. I'd prefer you to sit today, because within the next five minutes you're going to be so weak in the need that you won't be able to stand. Inner Sanction Mysteries again has the pleasure of bringing you the famous star of radio screen and stage, now featured in the current Broadway success, Arsenic and Oleis, Boris Karloff. This evening, Mr. Karloff appears in Robert Newman's dramatization of Edgar Allan Poe's famous story, The Tell-Tale Heart, presented for your entertainment by the makers of Carter's Little Liver Pill, the best friend to your sunny disposition. Now our story. The story based on the tale by the greatest master of the macabre that ever lived, Edgar Allan Poe. The story of a man who could hear not only every sound on earth, but even things that don't exist. So, turn down the lights, call in a friend or neighbor to keep you company, and listen to Boris Karloff as Simon in the Tell-Tale Heart. It's early evening, the sun is just setting behind a range of low hills, and top of the nearest hill is a huge rambling building surrounded by park-like grounds, a road winds from its gates down to the little village below. Down this road comes a man. He's tall, gaunt, his hair is snow white. He's so busy with his spot that he doesn't see the small dark man who sits by the roadside, but just as he is about to pass him. Good evening. Oh, my good evening. Nice evening, isn't it? Nice. Why, it's the most wonderful, perfect evening. I'll ever know this sight of heaven. You don't say. And you can't know what it's like to feel as if you just risen from the dead, as if your tomb was open, and you were told that you would return to the world that you knew and loved. Can I? You can't. You see, my name is Simon. I was a musician. Two years ago, I went stone deaf, suddenly, completely. Do you know what deafness means to a musician? It's like dying, or worse, like dying and knowing that you're dead. I went to doctors, but they could do nothing for me. But finally, one of them sent me to see the doctor who has the place up on the hill here. Dr. Adair? Yes, Dr. Adair. He kept him with him for six months, and now, now I'm going home again. We cured you? You can hear? Hear? Listen. Listen hard, and tell me what you can hear right now. Nothing very much. The wind? Cricket? Cricket and the wind. Do you know what I can hear? I can hear the grass growing, the sap rising in the trees. I can hear the stars moving in their courses. I can hear things that no man ever heard before. Now, do you know why I said that this was the most wonderful evening that ever was? Yes, Simon. But I knew why before. You see, I just left the place up on the hill myself. You left there. You mean... When I was taken there, I was blind. Oh.  Yes, I... I haven't noticed before that they are. Ladies, shall we walk on together? Simon? I just... Where did you plan to go? Well, I've been thinking about that for weeks now. All the weeks when I couldn't leave my room. I was getting used to being able to hear again. Gradually. From my window, I could see an old mill. Just this side of the village. Yes, it's deep in the woods. Deserted. There's moss on the water wheel. And the door hangs open by one hand. You mean that you can see it from here? My eyes have become as good as your hearing. You thought of going there, living there for a while, until I was ready to return to the world.  Then when we are both ready, we can go back together to the world. I could do that. Think of what it's going to mean, how much we're going to be able to help people. You will be our site and I with my hearing. Perfect. Yes. Yes, of course. All right, Simon. We'll go to your old mill. Well, Oliver, up this path. Pause it. Pause it. Someone's coming. The farmer. He seems to be looking for something. Good evening. I'm looking for my cow. Have you seen her? What kind of a cow is she? A brown and a white one with a crooked horn. Wait. I hear her. She's grazing in the field on the other side of the woods. Here? That's almost a mile from here. I have good ears. Good.  What? That field. That's the squares. How did you get there? You think someone took her? Who would? Well, it's the square's land, but he's the richest man around here. Why should he have taken my cow? Wait a minute. Ah, let me see. Yes. Yes, I do see someone with your cow. He's just leaving her. You can see that? Right through the woods? I have good eyes. Who is it? What's he like? Is he tall, wearing a brown jacket? Yes. I knew it. It's the square. He's trying to steal my cow. I'd better go get her. Thank you very much. Perhaps I'll see you both again. Perhaps. We'll both be staying around here for a while there in the old mill. Why did you tell him that, Oliver? Did you really see the square taking his cow? I saw what he wanted me to see. What do you mean? He hates the square because the square's rich and he's poor. But what? Never mind, Simon. Shall we go on to the mill? Here we are. And it's just the way I knew it would be. The wires, peaceful, no noises, just sound. And even those are dulled by the waterfall. Yes, it's just the way I knew it would be too. Dark, dank. The home of the rats and spiders. We'll be happy living here with them. Happy with rats and spiders? Why? Because they're like me. Rats see in the dark. And spiders, thin webs. I don't understand you, Oliver.  Always. But why? Don't you love people? Don't you think that this is a good world? A good world when I was blind for more than two years. But who's fault was that? What difference does that make? I was blind. And did anyone care that I was? No. Love people.  But, Oliver, that's wrong. You've no right to hate anyone or anything. What's wrong? What? It sounds like wings, like... Yes, there it is, there. A swallow. Why, it's frightened, trying to get out. Why, it's beating itself against the wall and... Oh, poor thing. It's hurt itself. Fall into the ground. I'd better catch it. Is it badly hurt? No, I don't think so. Oh, just this one wing. Yeah, let's see. Perhaps we can put a splint on it, heal it. Do you think so? Here. Here, Oliver. But be gentle. It's still terribly frightened. I will. I will. Oh, Oliver! What are you doing to that bird? Doing... Glad you... Well, you crushed the swallow. Killed it. Well, so it has. You... You killed it... Deliberately. You think so? I told you we all have some badness deep inside us. Even you. Here you are ready to believe the worst of me, that I'd wantonly crush a... a harmless little spider to death and... Simon. What is it? I... I don't know, but there's something in your face. Something that wasn't there before. I don't know what you're talking about. I'm going up to bed. Simon! Simon, wait! Yes, it wasn't he that was blind. It was I, I. Or he's bad.  He's like one of the spiders he loves so much. Lurking here and spinning, cunning webs to catch innocent people in. And what he saw in my face just now, there was something there. Something that wasn't there before. Death. Why did this have to happen to me? I was so happy just a little while ago, I loved everyone the whole world. And now... now I have to kill him. And here I am, friend. Raymond, your host in the Inner Sanctum. Who also loves everyone. So, Simon has decided he must murder his companion. Not because he wants to, but in order to keep him from spreading the hate and evil he seems to love. That's a charming idea. But if Oliver's eyes are as good as he says they are, good enough to see death in Simon's face, how will he be able to do it, hmm? Quite a problem, isn't it? Well, Raymond, everyone has problems. It's the answer that counts. Yes, it does, Mr. Hurley. He's in a mystery drama. Yes, and in a domestic drama, too. If you don't believe it, listen to what Agnes Vail says to her husband at the dinner table. Bob, you haven't said a word about the case, and I've dated it, especially for your birthday. After 30, no one wants to be reminded of birthdays. That's silly. Besides, a person only as old as they seem. Well, if that was the case, I'd be about 60. You mean 90. No one could save up the grouch you've gotten only 60 years. If you fell as irritable low and out of sort as I have lately, of course I would. Anybody would. So the thing to do is have to feel that way. What can anyone do about it? Very simple, my dear. Try Carter's little liver pills. Right, and when you don't feel good, try Carter's little liver pills. They do the work of Calamol but have no Calamol in them. For they are simple pills made of vegetable drugs. They wake up the flow of one of our most vital, digestive juices. When this vital juice flows at the rate of two points a day, it helps to digest our food and bring back the glorious feeling that goes with regularity. Then most folks feel like happy days are here again. But be sure you get the genuine Carter's little liver pill. Well, friends, are you sorry I advised you to sit down before? I thought not.  Very well. It's a little later that same evening and Simon is sitting in the upper story of the old deserted mill. Waiting, listening. Sleep, Oliver, sleep. Aren't you ever going to sleep? Oh, I know you're lying down. I heard you getting undressed. I even heard the thread snap when you pulled that button off your shirt. But you're not asleep yet. I can tell by your breathing the way your heart's beating. And that's what I must wait for. The time when you're really asleep, when you close those hawk eyes that can see even in the dark that could read murder in my face when I didn't know it was there myself. Wait a minute. Oh, you're asleep. Oh, now I must go. Easy with the door. Careful.  He can't. And even if he does, I'm out and held him over his face and smothered him. That's it, yes. Then I wouldn't have to touch him. Who's there? Who's there? There is someone there. I can see you. It's Simon. Yes, it's Simon. What do you want? What are you doing here?  Yes, Oliver.  You can't do that. Yes, Oliver, I can. And I have to. Oh, please. I don't like that. I'm stronger than you are. You can't get away from me. Pounding, driving the blood through your veins. Slowly now. Slower and painter. Running down like a tired clock. I'm not going to let you go until it's not me interested in hurting people. That's why I had to do it. And that's why I'm not going to give myself up or confess that I killed you because I could still help people. You understand, don't you? That's why I must get rid of your body, hide it somewhere. Oh, what am I to do with you? I know. I'll keep you here. Tear up the floor and hide you underneath it. It's one here and there. It should be big enough. And now... Oliver, goodbye. Build them down again with the same rusty nails. Spread this dust over the cracks. No one will be able to tell what I've done. No. Not even with your eyes. Don't use them. A light. A lantern outside. Trent. The constable. The constable? What do you want? Oh, nothing much. Thought I'd dropped in. Say hello. Come in, constable. Come right in. Thanks. We're a time of nights to be visiting, but I rather was strangers living out here and I thought I might. Well, of course it's part of your job to investigate strangers, isn't it? No way.  What do you mean? You've been around here for some time, haven't you? About Dr. Dare's place and the hill I mean. Oh, yes, yes, of course. I just left there this afternoon. Huh? A new friend? Where is he? Sleeping friend. There's no one here with me. I'm all alone. Look at that, dear shirt. Do you mind if I look around? No, of course not. Not today. Now, cure word or anything like that. No, no, don't. Apologize, constable. Go right ahead. Well, constable. There should be no sign of anyone else. Well, I told you so. Yes, you did. Now, I'll just sit down here for a minute. My pipe's going. No, no, not that. Don't sit there. Yeah. Because... Well, it was just that the floor looked a little rotten and I was afraid that... What? I guess it's all right. You don't have to hold me anyway. Don't step in if I've hurt you. That's what? That noise. Beating away like... I don't hear any noise. But you must, you... Those ears are fine. Sometimes they're too good. It's just your watch ticking. Watch? I haven't got a watch on me. You? You haven't? But then what? Well, I... I could use a bit of exercise. But suppose I walk you back to the village. Well, that's mighty nice of you. Glad to have your company. But there's no worries, eh? Let's sit here for a while and... I don't want to sit. Constable, will you come now? Now, this minute, if you don't... I don't know what I'll do. Hey, you have gotten yourself into a state. Is anything the matter? Oh, no, of course not. It's... Oh, it's just that I get nervous, restless and... You won't mind if I... If I walk up and down right here, will you? It'll make you feel any better. Go ahead. Thank you. This floor, it... It is noisy, isn't it? It isn't noisy enough. Constable, this... This lever here, I've been wondering about it. What's it for, you know? Well, yes. I think it opens the slouch, starts the middle wheel turn. It does, then. And it tries. See if it still works. There. Yeah, still works all right. It's better I can do. You're not loud enough, still. Constable, by heaven's sake, will you come now? Leave here with me. If you don't, I'll go back. Look, look, there's no need to get so excited. Right if I'm not excited. Perfectly calm and quiet. Will you come now, right away? But I told you. I know what you're doing. Sitting there, pretending you haven't heard. Making me stay here and listen to it. Beating louder and louder and louder. I confess, I thought it eats you under the floor.  And that noise you hear is its heart. The beating of its bell-tail heart. Oh, doctor, dear. Oh, Constable, hello. Well, did you find him? Yes, doctor. I'm glad. Some of my boys will be bringing the other one, Oliver, along in a little while. Bringing him? Isn't that a little bit him? Well, sort of. They were in the old mail by the river. Simon had evidently tried to kill Oliver, but he hadn't done a good job of it. He nailed him up underneath the floor. And when we got him out, he was unconscious, and he was still pretty weak. I see. Bring Simon in, will you? Sure. All right, Simon, in here. Yes, Constable? Now, turn him around so that he's facing me. That's it. Well, hello, Simon. Hello, doctor.  Run away? I didn't run away. I left. What need was there for me to stay when I was cured? Oh. And what you did or rather tried to do to Oliver? Ah, that was wrong. I know it was wrong, but I had to do it. He was bad, doctor. Bad. He hated everyone, wanted to hurt them, and I couldn't let him. You know, it's strange, Constable. Two men, both mental cases, because of a sudden affliction. But while Oliver's blindness made him hate, Simon's deafness filled him with love for all mankind. Deafness? You mean he's deaf? But when you talk to him, he answers you. Yes, he reads lips. That's why I had you turn him around so he was facing me. But he's stone deaf. He will never hear again. What's that you'll say? I'm deaf, but I'm not deaf. Well, there's no one can hear better than I, no one. I heard everything when I left here. Things no man has ever heard before. The song of the swan, the breathing of the fish, while I even heard the beating of Oliver's heart after I'd killed him. Yes, Simon, of course. I'm not deaf, I tell you. I'm not. I'm not. Simon did hear all the things he said he did. Even the beating of the tell-tale heart.  Speaking of tell-tale heart, I saw it's not hard at all. It's just Mr. Hurley, his knees knocking together. And if you think you're kidding, Raymond, you're crazy. We're not kidding, Ed, and Mr. Carlisle's audiences, that's the equivalent of applause, since everyone's generally much too scared to show the usual approval with their hands. So we won't take any chances, we'll just use words and say thanks for us, Carlisle, for your splendid performance of tonight's dramatization of Poe's The Tell-Tale Heart. It is a pleasure, Raymond, to be able to bring our friends one of the world's most famous stories. And I'm very grateful to Everett Sloan as Oliver and Charles Cortiata who played Christie for the help that they gave me. So now I suggest that you listen to Ed Hurley, who has some helpful advice for which you may be very grateful. This is Raymond again, your host, getting ready to close that door to the Inner Sanctum and say good night until the same time next week. In the meantime, if you care to do a little blood-thirsty reading, try this month's Inner Sanctum novel. I'll eat you last. It's the Brandon. In case you've already read that, why not try some of the other stories by the author of tonight's mystery drama, Edgar Allan Poe. According to all critics, this writer has quite a future. Oh, good night. Pleasant dream. Inner Sanctum mysteries will be on here again next Sunday night, same station, same time with another chiller, poor thriller fan. So be with us then. This is Ed Hurley speaking for the makers of Carter's Little Liverpool and reminding you, when you don't feel good, try Carter's Little Liverpool, the best friend to your sunny disposition. This is the Blue Network of the National Broadcasting Company.


we just rewrote this guy here. We just rewrote this basically the expression in terms of add f g's and so on. Basically the equivalence of the L add f g's with L g L f's. This equivalence is what we have rewritten here. Why we rewritten here? Because we are going to use this in the matrix multiplication to show that some terms are 0 and some are not. So, what is this matrix we are multiplying? We took that all the row vectors we had, we stacked them. So, I got a r by n matrix. R rows because whatever r terms and n columns because of course partial of h with respect to x will have n columns. And I multiply it with these guys. You start seeing all the add notation here. And this is a n by r matrix because each is a vector field. Each term is a vector field. So, it is an n by 1 vector. And there are r such terms. So, it is an n by r. So, the product as you can see is a r by r matrix. It is a square matrix. Deliberately done, very deliberately constructed. Now if you look at some of the terms in this product, you already know this is an r by n matrix. One of them is an r by n, other is an n by r. So, the product is an r by r matrix. That is obvious. Now, we want to look at the rank of this product. So, obviously I have to multiply things out and see what happens. It is deliberately chosen in a very smart way. So, that it turns out to a nice structure. So, what will be the first row? Row 1 will be dh. I am going to remove, forget the x 0 argument. So, I have to write less. dh times g or I can even write this is inner product of dhg, dh add fg and dh add r minus 1g. This is row 1. Everybody agrees, I have just done the product. You can see these are consistent. Because this was a each row is an r by 1 vector and each sorry 1 by n vector. This is 1 by n multiplied by n by 1. So, I get a scalar. Inner product gives you a scalar always. So, that is it. What do I know from here? This thing that I concluded, this complicated thing. This contains all this mess. If you look at the first term and the second term dhg, we just evaluated this. dhg corresponds to, in fact, I am going to write this out also if I can paste. I am going to use this. What is this? It is saying that whatever this mess is actually equal to this and I also have obviously from the previous lemma that and the fact that we are relative degree r system that this is non-zero only when this is r minus 1 and it is 0 for k plus l is less than r minus 1. So, if I look at the first term, can you tell me what is k and l?  I will just use ij here and k and l here. They are just replaceable. Whatever is k here is i here. Whatever is l here is j here. Same thing. So, in this case what is it? j 0. We just did this. j 0 i is 0. So, k 0 i is 0. So, their sum is 0 which is less than r minus 1. So, basically what happens? The inner product is 0. What about the second one now? Again in this case j is what? What is j from here? j is 0. Excellent. What is i? 1. What is their sum? 1. Again less than r minus 1. So, inner product is 0. Keep going on. You will get 0s everywhere. Let us look at the last term directly. Let us look at the last term. What is the j here? 0, because I did not change the first term at all. j is 0. j remains fixed. i is r minus. What is the sum? r minus 1. Non-zero. Non-zero. So, I am going to say this is just whatever. I am just going to write it as l whatever add l add f r minus 1 g h. Rho 2. Let us look at rho 2. What happens to rho 2? h it gets replaced by l f h. That is it. Everything else is the same. So, what is it?   Great. First term, what is j? 1. Remember, in every row j remains fixed. Excellent. So, I do not have to compute j again. j is fixed now. j is 1 for this row. i is going to change, of course. i is 0. 1 plus 0, 1 less than r minus 1. So, inner product has to be 0 by this. Again, second term 1 and 1, 2. Let you get the last term. In the last term, what is again j is 1. What is this guy? r minus 1. Sum is r. So, this is not equal to 0. So, there is some. Actually, I am going to make my life simple and I am going to call it not alpha. I am going to call it alpha 2 1 which is non-zero. What about the term before the last one?  Non-zero. That is because the sum is r minus 1. Because j is 1, i is r minus 2. So, again, I have r minus 1 which is non-zero. So, I have something which is alpha 2 2. I am just using some notation. I am going to call this alpha 1 1. So, there I am going to write the whole thing.  You can see what is going to happen. For the third row, j will be always 2. Excellent. And so the first term will combine to give 2 plus 0, 2, 2 plus 1, 3 and so on and so forth. So, last 3 terms will be non-zero. Very nice. We are getting the pattern. So, row 3 will be alpha 3 1, alpha 3 2, alpha 3 3 and 0 is everywhere of course. What happened? I get what is being claimed here. I get a lower triangular matrix like this. I get a lower triangular matrix and what is the cool thing about the lower triangular matrix? What is the rank of this lower triangular matrix? Well, it is an r by r matrix. It is r. Lower triangular matrix rank r, right? Because very easy, right? Find null space. Because this is something multiplied by nth term is 0, means nth term is 0. Last 2 multiplied by last 2 terms is 0 or whatever. It is in echelon form without having to reduce. It is already in echelon form. So, rank is obviously the number of non-zero rows, okay? It is rank r. That is it. So, that is what we wanted to show that it is rank r. So, here I will say lower triangular form. We have rank r and then this is all this explanation which we do not care about. I already explained it to you. Whatever is written here is we have already discussed it, yeah? What have we just shown that the product of these 2 matrices is rank r, which means the product of the individual matrices has to be at least rank r, okay? Now, notice what were the individual matrices? This guy and that guy. What are the dimensions of these matrix? r by n and n by r, right? Each of them can anyway be maximum dimension r only. Rank can be maximally r, right? Because that is the number of rows or columns, right? n is larger than r, right? So, obviously each of these is maximal rank. That is what we proved, right? Because their rank is at least r is what we are saying, but the point is each of these matrices can never have rank more than r because they are deficient in the number of columns and rows, yeah? So, obviously each of these are maximally ranked. Now, let us forget about this for now, but if you look at this guy, what does maximal rank mean for this? It means all rows are linearly independent, right? Maximum rank is only possible or rank r only possible if rows are linearly independent and that is what was our theorem itself, right? That is what was the lemma. If you have a relative degree r system, then these quantities are linearly independent, yeah? That is what we wanted to claim. So, in order to prove this, of course we use lemma, the 0.1, yeah? So, this is where we wanted to get it, yeah? In basically to show partial feedback variation. Why? These form a new coordinates and coordinates have to be linearly independent, I mean x and y axis and z axis, linearly independent. In fact, orthogonal, not necessarily to be orthogonal, but all coordinates are to be linearly independent, yeah? Otherwise they are not coordinates, makes no sense to have dependent coordinates. So, what is this? We define our new coordinates, right? Because I already told you, right? Feedback variation, although the word says feedback, actually there is a state transformation also involved and a control transformation. There are two pieces to it. The state transformation is this guy. You take the coordinates as the output itself. It is first derivative because notice Lgh is 0. So, obviously first derivative and so on and so forth, all the way to r minus 1th derivative, okay? And that is where the control will appear also. You are already aware that the control will appear. And then you augment to it some functions. By the way, this does not specify how to choose those functions. Feedback linearization does not specify how to choose the rest of the states. But remember, if I started with n states, any valid new coordinate system also has to have n states, okay? Can't suddenly move from 6 dimension to 2 dimension. No, right? The system is still evolving on 6 dimension. So, if you got feedback linearization only in the dimensions, that is you had a relative degree 2 system corresponding to your output, then you have to augment it with 4 more states, which are what is called diffeomorphic maps. Basically, these are maps that will make sure that this entire thing has a diffeomorphism between old coordinates and the new coordinates. It is a 1 to 1 on 2 mapping, 1 to 1 on 2 invertible, smooth invertible mapping with a diffeomorphism, yeah? Basically, it means that I should be able to seamlessly move from one set of coordinates to the other set of coordinates. If I say this system is stable in these coordinates, it cannot be unstable in these coordinates, yeah? Everything has to be identical. Controllable in this, controllable in this. Stabilizable in this, similar in this, observable in this, observable in this. So, so that all properties are identical. Basically, the equivalent of a similarity transformation in linear systems, yeah? Simulatory transformation in linear systems accomplished by diffeomorphism in nonlinear systems, okay? So, so that is how you choose the phi 1, phi 1 to phi n minus r. That is the rest of the coordinate. There is no guideline for it. You have to choose it so that you get independent coordinates. The first are already independent. Why? Because they are Jacobian, which is this guy, is linearly independent. Yeah, I actually, yeah, I actually do not need the, wait a second. I do not need the last one. Let us see, yeah. Yeah, dh dLf r minus 1. So, actually, I do not think this should have been there. This should not be there and this should be r minus 1, yeah? Because that is the Jacobian. I do not know why I wrote it like this. This is not okay. This is actually d, yeah? That would be the Jacobian basically. So, how do you say that coordinates are independent? You basically take the Jacobian and if they are, if the Jacobian is invertible, then it is a diffeomorphism, okay? Local diffeomorphism. So, this is the Jacobian, right? Because you just take d, d, d everywhere that becomes a Jacobian, right? And so this has to be full rank, right? Because this is an n by n matrix, remember, right? And in order to facilitate this, we have already proven that the first r are already linearly independent, right? We have already proven that this is rank r, okay? We have already done our best is what we are saying. Rest you figure out yourself. You still have to figure out the rest of the coordinates, okay? That is, that is on you, on us also, of course, not just on you, alright? Alright? So, basically that is what we are saying. These phi i's are n minus r smooth functions such that this entire map capital phi is a diffeomorphism and the Jacobian has full rank. It is not an and by the way, diffeomorphism is equivalent to the Jacobian being full rank, not an and. If you want to check that a nonlinear map between same number of variables to another same number of variables is a one-one-on-two invertible smooth map, you just have to take its Jacobian and verify its invertibility at a particular point, obviously, right? It is a nonlinear map. So, you can verify invertibility only at a particular point, okay? It is almost like linearization actually, you think about it, yeah? Alright? So, anyway, that is fine. I mean, we do not actually need it, but we will talk about that later. The system, of course, evolves, evolution, the new set of coordinates is this guy, which is basically going to look like this. It is fine. It has some nice structure. We will look at that rest of the piece slightly later, alright?


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late sports car, drippin' 22 tops inception baseball hobby, 16 box case break, number 55, random division style. There's a look again at your random results. As always, you can find these on the website under the results tab, as well as the link that's currently in chat. So good luck here, everybody, let's do it. Full case of inception baseball, man, it's been a minute since I've done one of these.  So I've been rippin' personal to them here and there, but it's the first case break I've done and God, probably definitely since last year, but probably in like four or five months. Woo, look at that, what a flip. Good luck, guys, here we go. Box one. So we get a nice wander out of here or somethin'. Green, Brandon Lau. Green, Glaibor Doris, it's Glaibor Day. Ryan Mountcastle and Matt Chapman. Nice to meet you. Got it, really quick, regarding that email I got forwarded, you want me to just tag it on here and write an order note? It should have already been shipped. It's already, oh, beautiful, nevermind. I just wanted you to know not to rip it. Gotcha, thank you. Jose Ramirez and Paul Goldschmidt. We've got to 249, Matthew Veerling, 187 out of 249 going to the NLE East on the RPA. Nice one there, congrats on that, going to, Johnny Z, congrats buddy. Nice Veerling coming your way. Yeah, most, there's like one or two RPAs, like case usually, sometimes maybe more, but usually most of them are just going to be either, I think they're, what are they, hundreds? Or are they 55s? What, the base? Yeah. They're 100s. Shane Boz, 118 out of 150 for the raise. Cabrine Hayes Green, the Pirates. Jaren Duran Rookie, Mookie Betts. We've got a Strasburg and a Vladdy Jr. What's up dog? And we've got Green, Max Krannick, 52 out of 125 going to the NL Central, there you go Paul. On the on-card rookie autograph. Bunch more mosaic fast break mixers coming in, fast and furious, thank you there, Ty. As well as Kurtz also put in a couple of orders, I appreciate you there. We are down to six to go on the first one guys, six to go, awesome, thank you so much, really appreciate that everybody. 16 to go on the second one, only two baseball, basketball group breaks with spots. That's 10 bucks Tuesday and the Prism Choice tiered random team style are both sold out, very nice. So if you do have another RPA, and it looks like a thick RPA in this one, is a blue, interesting, I wonder if that's gonna be numbered too. Brandon Marsh Green, Rookie for the Angels, Byron Buxton Green, Al Tuva and Josh Rojas. Woo, that's sick, oh that's so sick. Ronald Acunha and Tyler Glass. Now who's this going to? This is Fire going to Luis R with the ALS, how about six of six, Jared Kelnick on the button patch auto, nice one there. That is awesome man, awesome, player worn on that, but very freaking cool man, very cool. Especially if Kelnick can really start to put it together, this could be a big time card. Second year Kelnick, so you can get it into a MAG at MAG, I don't know if you can handle it too. I mean you should probably be able to put 180, I would say, never mind. Yeah, worst case, Derek. Oh, he's actually, sure, sure, sure, sure. Very cool on that one, congrats again Luis. We got a redemption, redemption Aroni here guys. Kyle Hendricks to 150 for the Cubs. Green, Frankie Lindore, Rookie of Brandon Marsh. Jake Cronin got Maddleson. See where our redemption is gonna be? That is gonna be a Silver signings. This is our case hit of Kyle Lewis, that's going to the ALS, nice one there, Luis R again. Two Mariners, second year hits back to back. Nice, Kyle Lewis on your Silver signings, again you get one of those per case generally. Maybe it's a redemption, maybe we get a second live one, let's hope, fingers crossed. Tate Alonso, pink, 42 out of 99 for the AL East. Green, Joey Vada, Max Scherzer, and Corbin Burns. Scherzer on the Dodgers, interesting. Ooh, Basin Bay, that's a good case so far. ALS, Luis R having a Fernando Tatis Jr. 95 out of 125, that's been a good case man. Congrats on that one buddy, that is fantastic. That's the kind of stuff we love to see. Nice Tatis, that is on card Tatis as well. I'd say you're probably nice. That's who your NFL name has to be, it has to be a Jonathan of some sort, like trying to think who's a good Jonathan in the- Donathan Taylor. Yeah, Donathan Taylor, there we go. That is your NFL name right there. We got another blue coming up guys. Oh, I know, it's a blue base, my bad. Six of 25 is Wilson Contreras for the NL Central. Green is Mookie Betts, Josiah Gray Rookie, and Kyle Muller Rookie. Jesse Winker and Mike Trout on your base, and then we've got a green, Rookie Otto Alejo Lopez, 71 out of 125, that's going to the NL Central. Paul N by way of the Reds, nice Alejo Lopez, Rookie Otto. You know what I was really getting Sean with on Friday and Saturday? What's that? Every time we pulled like a Scott Hansen fan to the game base, I just look at him and yell, seven hours, I'm commercial free football. And then Rich got wind of it, and Rich would just keep coming in and there's randomly saying seven hours. Like he came in once, he's like, man, I just finished lunch. Feel like I don't have to eat for another seven hours.  It's recording though. Green, Cedric Mullins. Peter Juanzo and Cabrion A's. They think Scott Hansen related, I can get behind. Oh yeah, absolutely, absolutely. Basin, Matt Verling Rookie, nice one here. We've got going to the Ale Central, 34 out of 299, three colored RPA of Joe Ryan. There you go, Todd D with the Ale Central. Hits really being spread around here. I do like to see that. Russell P taking two spots in the Illusions Spectrum Mixer and another one going to Josh B in the Illusions Spectrum Mixer. Thank you guys. Nice, Joe Ryan. Green Tatis for the Padres as well as a Green Luis Heel Rookie for the Inks. AL East. And who is that on that one? NOS for Tatis. Basin base. Base, another base here. Nice, NL East hit going to John Yeezy. We've got Jazz Chisholm in out of 225 on the on-card second-year auto cover boy of MLB the show. Awesome cover, I have to say. I'm a big fan that use Jazz Chisholm. I think that's really cool. Why? Oh, I don't know. He's just kind of like, he's like the new era of like baseball guys. He's just like, he's always got the unbuttoned shirt and the chains, like the chains. Like he like just, if you Google him, he's just got like the most swagger in my opinion in the entire MLB. Like he's always rocking the chains. And he's always like, just like this. That's what he's always rocking. The blue hair and everything. I love Jazz Chisholm, dude. I figured it would be someone like. Judge or Otani or somebody. Yeah, Otani. I think Otani will get a cover at one point. Well, here he has one. Does he? He's in the last years. Oh, was he? I don't know though. I bet more of like a, who would it be? Yes, or like someone like that. I think he'll get one too eventually. I think he was like the runner up basically. Corbin Burns. Rookie Green, Jake Berger for the AL Central. Moustakis, Andrew McCutcheon. Bass and O'Neill Cruz, Rookie. Yeah, I know, right? They probably will honestly. We've got Laz Newtback, 234 out of 249. Three colored RPA going to the NL Central. Nice one there. Going to Paul N. I don't know, who do you think would get the mat in cover right now?  I would love to see Jefferson get it. He might, I hate to say it for you. Those cards, bass just seems evil. No, I agree. I agree. The bass has a very, very nice design in this James. I agree on that one. Deception's off the stock and the feel on it is so good. What was I going to say? A really good one would be, I hate to say it for you because of the curse, but Hertz. Hertz could get it very easily. Manny Machado, 127 out of 150. Yeah, really not. Green Jackson, Kouar Rookie for the AL Central. Garrett Cole and Cedric Mullins. Got Salvador Perez, Xander Boker. It's a nice one here. We've got Yanni Hernandez. That is 71 out of 99. Pink for the AL West. That's going to Luis R. Nice Yanni Hernandez by way of the Rangers. Has anyone broken the mat in Russia or has it like, pretty sure no one's broken yet? I mean, like Mahomes had to cover one year, Brady. Well, yeah, technically, yeah, twice was afraid of you. Mahomes had his own solo one, I feel like. He did. Did he? Did he? Back in 2019, I think. I think, yeah, he might have been. No, 19 might have been Antonio Brown. I think 18 was. Antonio Brown, yeah, maybe right. Or maybe it was 19 and Antonio Brown in the 20 Mahomes. That's one too. There's Juan Soto to 150. Yeah, I agree. Because Gronk like broke records the year he had his. So, Brian De La Cruz Rookie for the Marlins. That is a NL East. La Mayhew and Enrique Hernandez. Kike. I mean, they want to pull him out of the cover and he breaks records, I don't know. That's Vidal Bruja. We've got a red that is 26 of 50, Ian Anderson. Second year, color match going to the NL East. That is Jun Yeezy. Nice one there, buddy, on the On Guard. It would also be a good idea. True. Yeah, Herbert would work. Burrows would be the one, yeah, for sure. Ozzy Albis. Him just with a cigar on the cover. Right, Max Munsey. Tony Sancian and Micah Shremsky. I can see, I mean, for how marketable Joe Burrow is, I am 100% okay. Like I wouldn't be complaining about that. Aronado and John Carlisle stay and I get it 100%. We've got Alec Bohm. That is seven out of 75 NL East on the three color patch auto. Second year, nice one there. That is a play on. Congrats again, Jun Yeezy. It's been a great case of inception. Really good case of inception. Sometimes you only get like one or two RPAs. We've gotten like three or four and then we've gotten good names on the autos. We've got a Tattis, we've got a Chisholm, few other good rookies too. We've got an RPA of Newt Barge. It's got an Alec Bohm second year. So Silver signings, Kyle Lewis. Kalnick button patch. That's a good stuff. Yeah, it's a good, definitely a really good case here. Eloy Jimenez, Green. As well as a Vladdy Junior, Green. Got Brian De La Cruz, Rookie, Fernando Tattis. Got Shane Bieber and Wilson Contreras. Going to the NL West, Rookie Auto. That is Drew Ellis, 157 out of 299. Nice one there for the Diamondbacks by way of the AL West or NL West, NL West, excuse me. NL West, Orange, Whitmerefield, 44 out of 50, the Royals. As well as a Green, Miguel Cabrera. Both of those going to the AL Central. Machado in Shoahead. Shane Maz Rookie, Jazz Chisholm. And another second year, this time 59 out of 75. Adolis Garcia on the teal, that's going to the AL West. Nice one there at Luis. Congrats, buddy. More fast break spots coming in, thank you guys. Bunch of fast break spots coming in. Bunch of mixer spots too, thank you so much. We're down to potentially just four? Ow, four and 13. Second one got knocked down a little bit as well. Thank you guys, down to just four spots to go on the first fast break and hobby mosaic mixer for basketball that is coming up soon. Brandon Lau, 39 out of 99 on the pink for the AL East. Green Wander, nice one there at AL East again, Luis R on the Rookie. Max Kepler and Jose Abrey. Reed Detmer's Rookie, as well as a Chris Bryant. And we've got A, Rookie on card auto for the NL Central, Hoijun Park, 76 out of 299. There you go, Paul. Oh yeah, we got a nice little inception here, Tex. Very awesome. They're really nice, dude. Like, when you feel them in your hand, like the stock of the card is just awesome. So nice. Plus the base is a little bit thicker, it's what? Like you said, a hundred point, right? Yeah. A hundred point base so the base doesn't feel like the super thin, but you got nothing wrong with that, but it's just something a little extra that they do in inception, which is cool. Making the base a bit of a thicker stock. So we've got a patch auto to end it. Blue on a Ken, another blue patch auto, Donnie. Green, Robbie Devers, green Steven Strasberg, very nice. O'Neil Cruz Rookie, and Gavin Sheets Rookie. Yeah, yeah, yeah, James, it depends on the break. I think we ship base in everything except like we don't ship bowman paper and then we won't ship contenders veteran base either, but everything else we ship, like base out of this will ship a hundred percent. Woo-hoo-hoo, that's gross. Check out the grom and Whit Merrifields. Dude, this, this. The ALS with Louise Kilda. How about 10 of 10, the big dumper? Cal Raleigh on the four colored RPA. That's part of the A in Seattle, dude. That is so cool. So, so sick, man. Jumbo patch card, that is a player worn as well. We will get that mag for you there, man.  The patch on that's insane. The Mariners in my opinion, because they have the silver and the teal, some of the best patches in all of sports. Yeah, that's right. So cool. All right guys, let's do a quick recap. This was fantastic case of inception. Hoy Park, Adolas Garcia, Drew Ellis, a Alec Bohm, Ian Anderson, Yanni Hernandez, Lars Newtlar, Jazz Chisel, a Joe Ryan, Alejo Lopez, Silver Signings Redemption, Kyle Lewis, Max Kranick, and Matt Veerling. Bunch of RPAs in this, dude, which is awesome. We had an on-card Fernando Tatis Jr. That's going out to the NL West. We had a Cal Raleigh, 10 of 10, on the four colored RPA, and a six of six button patch auto Jared Kalnick for the Mariners in the AL West as well. That'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill. Next up, we've got 10 bucks, Tuesday.


And this one looks at tools for reflexivity. So reflexive monitoring and evaluation, or M&E for short, is called that because it has both reflection and reflexive practices. So to reflect is obviously to look back and thinking about what happened, what does it mean, and how to proceed. So this evening when you'll be licking your wounds from this day, you'll think about, oh, what happened today? And how do we go forward from here? Reflexive is looking at how do we change, change the rules, change the practices, change the assumptions, both of others and of ourselves. So it goes beyond just reflecting. And it usually goes through the cycle of we observe, we analyze, we reflect, we adapt, and on it goes. So it's a double loop, triple loop learning process. Some of the differences between traditional and reflexive M&E. Traditional M&E tends to use static indicators as part of a log frame, say. How many here have worked with a log frame?  Never. But that's how the donor wanted it, right? So, needed to be done. It also looks at output and outcome indicators, predominantly. We did this, that happened, and it led to this. That's a traditional classic form of indicators in a log frame. It also focuses on achievement of predefined goals. So we have a five-year project, or we're asking for money for a five-year project, and we're supposed to look into our crystal ball. We don't know what we'll be wearing next week. We don't know what we'll have for dinner today, but we know what will happen over the next five years in a very complex agricultural system, and we can even tell you which indicators we will use to count those. And those will not change over the next five years, because we got it all right. The night before when we were hastily typing the proposal because it was the deadline, yeah? You can see that I have a bit of skepticism about this. The structure is set, and once it's set in motion, it can be modified, but it can't be radically changed. So we can say the number of people we reach will not be x, it will be y. But we can't say we're going to reach different types of people now, because that's not what was said in the project. So it's very fixed. In reflexive M&E, indicators are not static. Progress indicators dominate. So not output and outcome, but progress indicators. The focus tends to be on the change. What kind of change are we observing? And if we see really good reason for it, we can also change the design mid-course. In both cases, impact is important. So it's not that one focuses on having impact and the other doesn't. But it's a very different philosophy in terms of how we actually measure the process that leads us to the impact. Reflexive monitoring in action, because everything sounds more serious if you put in action after its name, is an integral part of the planning for platform activities. So you can look at what tools to use, what moment to use, which tool works best for what of them. But the most important thing is that for it to encourage reflection and learning. That's the constant theme that reflexive M&E will promote. So not have you achieved widget 1, 2, 3, but what have you learned from this process? Well, how can you learn more from this process? The role of the monitor is very different from the role of the facilitator. And now somebody will say, but you said earlier, I remember, distinctly remember a slide that said that part of the facilitator, the innovation broker's role is also to document and monitor. I will say yes, but these presentations were prepared by different people. The focus though is not on facilitating the process, but really seeing on what is happening. So that is the primary role of the monitor. So it's often best to separate those two roles so that the facilitator can really facilitate and the monitor can really focus on what is happening, what are the changes that are being observed. It's usually very difficult to do both well at the same time. A big part of it is to maintain the learning history. So when we go through the process, there are many things happening and we'll remember them. I mean, hopefully if this evening you went to the room and you found a paper-based version of the clicker questions, you can all relax, there will be no paper-based version of the clicker questions. But if you did, I'd like to think that you'd remember 80% of them correctly. If one month from now you come back to your home and I somehow sneak into your home that same paper-based test, I can assure you it will be far lower than that. Because we forget. We forget a lot of the richness. We might remember the big picture. We decided to clear the forest to build houses. We'll remember that. We'll remember what was it that the housing developer said that was so compelling at the time that got us to agree to that. We forget the details. That's the role of the monitor to make sure that collective learning is not lost because that's going to be very useful for us and others going forward. So in order to do that, there's a range of tools that are available and I'll run through them relatively quickly so that we just get a taste of it. One is called a fishbone diagram. And why is it called a fishbone diagram? Because the diagram looks like a fish. And it's basically trying to find out causes rather than symptoms. So it's basically asking why five times? Why did you come here? Because my boss told me to. Why did your boss tell you to? Because part of my work is working with communities. Why is it working with communities? Because we really want to get to impact and we think communities have the key. Why do you think communities have the key? And so on. So if you ask anyone anything five times why? One, you might find the cause. Two, that person might not sit next to you for a while. So you have to use that sensibly. Two, is a timeline or learning history. So you've all no doubt seen these. Somebody draws a timeline and it can be on the stand, on the floor. It can be a chart on the wall. And we put a data instead of saying, tell me what happened? Let's think about the project in the last three years. What happened? What were the key moments? And different people draw their own key moments or they stick stickers. And then they can share a few comments on each one. So say this was a big event for me and these things happen. One, two, three. I was hired. That was a big moment for me in the project. This is the moment that the community built the latrines after we've been trying to convince them. That was a huge moment for me. And so on and so forth. Then you start getting that. When you start getting that from the entire group, a picture begins to emerge of what happened, how they perceive what happened. Another is to use things like event logs or meeting minutes or audio visual records of the major events. So these are all things that you're all exposed to in some ways. They systematically can help. And some of these tools, you see, these are sort of simple questionnaires from Google that can be done very cost effectively these days and can help you keep a wealth of information. They can then generate results for you. Google Forms does that automatically these days. So a lot of these tools can be used. And whether it's a Google Drive or Dropbox or Wiki or all of these things, very good for collecting information, sharing information, but then it's really useful when you want to then reflect on what happened, you have all of that trace. What file was uploaded when and so on and so forth. You can also go into more sophisticated ways of data analysis. So you can use descriptive statistics. You can use statistical analysis. You can use text analysis. You can use social network maps or social network analysis softwares. You can do mind mapping. You can do econometric or spatial modeling. You can do anything. You should always just ask yourself, what's the added value? Sometimes there is one. And sometimes there might not be a strong enough one. So before you get involved in more costly, time-consuming forms of data analysis, ask yourself, what is the question that you're trying to answer? And isn't there a simple way to answer that? Don't be the person in my joke earlier about counting the sheep. Don't be that kind of a researcher. And finally, there were a few people nodding about more significant change and a few people that weren't so nodding. So more significant change, you typically identify no more than three types of change that you want to document. Then you collect stories from platform members as well as end users and other stakeholders and you shortlist the best stories that you find. And in order to do that, the story reviewers, you take them amongst the people that you're trying to reach or influence. So it can be your donors, it can be your target audience. And those stories are then the ones taken forward to help both document the change and influence future change. Now that sounds pretty fuzzy in abstract. So in the very short time that we have available, I propose that we take ten minutes, split into groups of two. You should all have this piece of paper on your table. So in groups of two, one person will be the interviewer and the other person will be interviewed. And you have a template there that gives you four simple questions in terms of a most significant change. Now don't worry about not being able to complete this fully in ten minutes, I know it's not a problem. But it'll be good to engage in the process. So take 30 seconds to decide who's going to interview who and then the next nine minutes to complete as much as you can from this process. Actually take eight minutes and then one minute to discuss between you how useful or what was useful about the process. Okay? Having some discussion regarding number four. So how has the work of blank stuff contributed to this? Let's say for example she is a research staff. Is that the question? I'll answer that in a minute in the plenary. Now I want you to stop. I want us to come back to the plenary. It's not important that we finish the exercise. I just wanted you to get a taste for it. But I'll answer that as soon as we get everyone back. Okay, let's come back to the plenary. I see this is a group that really enjoys group work and so tomorrow we'll be very much geared towards that. You'll get a chance to sink your teeth beyond five, ten minutes' exercises. We'll talk about that more in a minute. How useful would you find this process in terms of documenting change that took place reporting on that back to your target audience? Is that something that you would find useful? Okay. What did you enjoy most about this process? And I want to hear from one person who interviewed and from another person who was interviewed. So someone who interviewed, what did you enjoy about this process? Please. Being interviewed I am tracking back what happened to the previous activities. So with that I was trying to think of what happened and what did not happen. So it's looking at experiences. Absolutely. And for most people it's a lot more fun getting human stories than it is to track indicators. So it turns something that can be very dull and meaningless, alive and personal. And you feel often the person doing it would be part of the organization that implemented the work. So it would be, oh wow, my work is really making a difference. Which you don't really get when you're sort of ticking boxes or sending out surveys. How about someone who was being interviewed? Someone who was being interviewed and would like to comment on how it was for them. I was the one interviewed. Yeah. I enjoyed the process where I was reminiscing what happened in the past. It somehow gave me a sense of fulfillment that I was able to do it. And the recall of the story actually made me feel good. Absolutely. And many people also in addition to what you've just said this person came and really asked me what I felt, what I think. That's great. People like being engaged. It's also a very empowering way of collecting the information. Did you find it invasive? I did not. Well, that depends on your interviewing techniques. I can ask you what you had for breakfast in a way that would sound very intrusive. But there was also a question about question four. What does it mean? So question four was overall, if at all, how has the work of staff, staff would be the name of the person from the organization that facilitated the work, contributed to what you achieved? So this basically helps us identify not only the change that took place, but also how individuals within the organization contributed to it. So then we can attribute some of that change to their actions. So it's a very nice qualitative way of getting this information out and packaged in a way that can resonate with a lot of people. Okay. With that, I'd like to thank you very much for your attention throughout this half of the day or a bit more of half of the day. And I'll hand this back to Sel or Nova for assignments and so on. And actually let me be the first one to say something there and I'll be the bad cop. I actually do have homework for you. There's a small, relatively short, very engaging case study about an innovation platform in the foothills in the Himalayas where India borders Nepal. It's called the Milkit Innovation Platform. And tomorrow morning, we will spend a good chunk of the morning discussing a lot of the principles that we covered today in the context of the case study. Yeah? So between now and what time do we start tomorrow? Between now and 8.29 in the morning tomorrow, at your leisure, at any point, please take half an hour to read the case so that we can have a very engaging group discussion. Yeah? Tomorrow morning. So thanks in advance for your cooperation with that. We will hand out the cases now and with this, I hand over to Nova. Venko will be fetching you at around 8. What was it? It's at around 8 o'clock tomorrow. So your assignments.


When it's dry and ready, then dreidel I shall play It has a lovely body, with legs so short and thin When it is so tired, it drops and then I win Oh dreidel, dreidel, dreidel A happy game of dreidel, come play now let's begin Oh dreidel, dreidel, dreidel