In Wales this year, 140,000 people will experience domestic abuse, 34,000 people will be sexually abused, more will be subjected to female genital mutilation, forced marriage and so-called honour-based violence, stark figures which reflect the stark reality we face. These are large-scale pervasive problems which every year cause needless deaths and damage to thousands of lives across Wales. I believe there is more we can do to end the physical and emotional harm caused by gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence. On 30 June I introduced the Gender-Based Violence, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Wales Bill to the Assembly. I believe the provisions of this bill offer an essential step forward towards ending gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence. I want to take this opportunity to explain how, together, we will achieve this. The bill will guarantee strategies exist at both national and local levels to ensure we share an ambitious vision to tackle this unacceptable violence and abuse. The bill will create a minister of adviser on gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence, who will drive forward progress on these issues, challenge performance and hold all of us to account. The bill will allow us to provide guidance to solidify and formalise processes which have proven effective in tackling gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence. The guidance includes a national training framework which will offer proportionate training to members of our public services and our specialist sector. A process of targeted inquiry across the public service will ensure staff can recognise and offer earlier intervention to those experiencing gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence. I'm calling this process Ask and Act. Guidance on multi-agency collaboration will formalise and solidify the successful work already underway in many parts of Wales for the purposes of safeguarding victims. Your leadership on these issues is crucial to our success. As leaders, it is you who will ensure the infrastructure is in place, you who will demonstrate the commitment required to address these issues effectively and you who will be looked to for guidance by your staff teams. In acknowledgement of this, this clip marks the launch of the Strengthening Leadership Series. Over the coming months I will be consulting with you on how we take forward the bill and how we implement its provisions into meaningful and effective action. I will do this through our existing boards, meetings and conferences, but in addition I will also be sending you regular information through a variety of formats such as these short film clips to share the expertise of the specialist sector and provide implementation guidance on the bill and supporting policy. It is my hope these messages will aid scrutiny of the bill and aid your understanding of how implementation of its provisions can be taken forward in a way which protects those suffering this horrendous abuse and also complements the existing knowledge and skills within your organisations, supporting your staff in the work you already have underway. Thank you.


Good afternoon and welcome back to the title in Y25. My name is Mansoba Sige. This particular time is speaking about state of athletics in the country with focus on the land and marathon set for tomorrow. Elid Kipchogge looking forward to defend his title. He says that he is not going for world record title, but probably he will be crossing his fingers hoping to retain the title he won last year at the same place. Of course joining me are robust people from an integral part as far as athletics. Awan man this plane, Awan man sport is Kansan Barna Baskorir, Athletics Kenya branch chairman and a man who has been actively in matters athletics in the country at the house and John Vaslin, a reputable athletics writer. Gentlemen, good to join me. Good afternoon and governor, how have you been? I'm very fine Maxon. I think it's good to be here. Good to be here. It's been a while, but I'm happy to be here. Thanks for coming through. John Vaslin man last year or 2017? Last year, the last time I was here. Have you been out there? Ah, good, good, good. How is athletics? Athletics is good. It's good. The office is good. No wrangles so far you see. So once the bearers or custodians of anything are this farm foundation, then things will flow, things will flow. But challenges are always there. And those challenges we have to highlight them so that they get challenged, encouraged and it's good. And the office accepts those things. Mr. Korir, John Vaslin is speaking from a journalistic perspective, but from an administrative angle. How are things at the other house? Rangling is something of the past now, and it has prevailed. And the game is getting to another level. I think it's right. At the moment it's not that bad we are doing very well. I think everything has been put in the right position, right perspective. And so far you have seen the results of the performance of the athletes. And of course you can only charge a federation by the results of the activities. And I think ours speaks for itself. Speaks for itself, the track record is encouraging, right? But we speak about the landed marathon set for tomorrow. John Vaslin, I know you are a writer and you must have made several articles previewing these championships later for tomorrow.  And of course for more record holder Wilson Kipsang in male categories is also looking forward to pull a surprise. And if possible we will probably break a record title something he did a few years ago. So what do you make of the build up so far to the contest? But the build up is good and it's encouraging. And it's one of now the most talked sport in the world. And it has been put according to the ratings now. Actually it's the most apart from the Premier League. It's the most weighted upon sport to be seen tomorrow. And it's promising fireworks. The weather is cool. The environment so far is good. The build up also in London has been encouraging. More interaction and more words. More words between the runners. I still have a stand of elude carrying the day. Elude so far has not run in a race. So he's at his best. More has run a race. So you see when we compare the two and I like the management of elude because it seems like they have the program for the runner. Maybe it's three marathons in a year. Which is so good. That means it's this three three three months or four months four months four months. It's a good because the body has build up. The body is practiced on Malisi and even the energy and the mindset is clear. And you know elude so about mind. When I think he talks he says it's about here. Everything. He doesn't depend on any. After training he'll tell you everything is here. So I expect more to be seen. Fireworks tomorrow it will be there. We cannot rule out Mo Farah. Mo Farah is there and you have seen the British media how they are doing everything possible to put him everywhere. Every minute they are talking about Mo Farah. So there is a lot of positivity on his side. And then the beauty is that it's his home ground. Home ground. And the following he has the following amazing following that is coming into place. Wilson Kipsang. Wilson Kipsang is the only man who has beaten this great enormous runner called Elude Kipchagi. So he'll be also there but when you see the last races or the four races that he has participated or competed against Elude his performance has been wanting and he's noticed. I like his kicks. When I look at the legs how he runs he's more of a next person. I don't know what happens after 20 km. It's the time that he goes into. There are things that I really don't understand him. Mr Gorell I know you've dealt with these athletes even from a tender age to where they are. Most of them you've guided them, you've mentored them professionally and career wise. And going by the build up as John Vaslin puts it the build up is enormous. It's tremendous. It's so huge land and it's massive. British media hyping. They are very young, more farra. As usual of course they are very patriotic and like other press from other countries. What do you make of the redness of Kenyan participants ahead of the event tomorrow? Yes I think I would term this event we use it to call it the Rambo in the jungle. Honesty the preparation has been very good following what Elu Kipchaka has been doing. Kipsang also has been training here in the jungle and I'm sure that also he wants to prove himself despite the fact that the last few races he has not done that well. When it comes to more farra I understand that he was training in Ethiopia and going by the past experience you know both of them are track athletes Elu Kipchaka and more farra are track athletes and they are exceptionally good. Both of them have good speed and they have determination. Both of them as Vaslin has said have the mind to fight. This game is actually the mind game and you have seen the way Elu that has always been philosophical of what he talks about and he believes in what he is doing my take is that it is going to be a tough game although my bet is that Elu will win but then he will have to really get extra care to make sure that he beats more farra. As for Kipsang the disadvantage he has is that he is not a track athlete so if he manages to hang on with these guys until the last one kilometer definitely he is going to lose because of the kick of Elu and more farra but then if he has the energy and he is in the shape that he was a few years back then of course he has to go away at 38 kilometers so that he can leave these guys but eventually you know London is a really tough course and it is going to be really really a tough one but we don't have to forget that we have also Ethiopians who are going to be there and they are also extremely good so this competition this time round it is a toss up it is not really beyond what we are going to win but my bet is on Elu because of the fact that he has a very tough mind that if he is there in the last one kilometer the chances are he will win There has been this assumption that mind games and psychological tricks are only in football but athletics has also witnessed such scenarios going by the headline midweek of athletics this verbal warfare between Mofar and Hailegabresa last year when he was hosted and was training in Ethiopia do you think that is also mind game vastly? Ya, it is it is psychological torture you are being tortured psychologically and once there is an effect or you are affected here then automatically you have a war, a mind war so the British media has really been trying to cover up that thing they have played it so cool they have engaged people they have been talking to more the coach for more who is the husband to Paula Radcliffe the current world women record holder and he has come out to explain the situation how it was and he said more defended because there is a trainer they were training in Ethiopia so this guy was coming to beat the trainer so more had to defend his fellow athlete so he went and then he gave him a blow and there is a lady who was coming up with this training gyms and so forth and so forth so it is a torture they are trying to torture this man but statistical when you look more has really grown as a person and in athletics in athletics it is all about what career is taking about when you come from the track and you have a proven record written record you have grown your touches grown you have somebody people are talking about every day that confidence that you have it is all about here so for me it is on paper actually when you see more the best time for me is two of five forty nine he is the second last the last person is Daniel Wanjiru he has two zero five forty nine so he is the last person on paper second last if you go on paper statistical with the time most time is last year 2018 running Chicago Marathon when you won so it is time if you compare because we have four Ethiopians we have Tola Tamirat Gabriel who all are within the two zero four bracket so it is a tough game we cannot rule out these people the Ethiopians these people they are called parasites in athletics because when you lift the leg they place the leg where you have lifted it so they are just playing psychological torture you remember last time the rest the person who was debuting the Ethiopian who debuted with Eldwood he really tortured Eldwood even there was a war as they were going on with the rest because Eldwood was telling him keep your leg but the man is not keeping his leg he is just behind Eldwood so torture is there again and there are four good athletes Ethiopian that are there so this race is going to be won in Marathon they say the marathon starts at 38 km that's where the marathon starts forget about this journey forget about the journey from 1 km 5, 10, 15, 20 and forget about that journey 4 km away from the end yes that's where the marathon starts and I am so sorry if Kipsang will not have gone by that time I am sorry because the two people Mo and Eldwood they will beat him by a kick do you think the target umo world record holder Wilson Kipsang has said is realistic one and considering that you know Mr Eldwood Kipchoke who is the reigning champion for London Marathon so hinted that he is not going for world record title do you think those particular targets are achievable umo yes you know now Eldwood has tried twice he tried to break the two hours he almost did that he went for the world record he did that he made it so this is a man who is capable of anything when they go now because probably you don't even have it means that you really have to run not only with your legs but with your mind to make sure that you calculate it's about calculating the energy you have to know what kind of energy remains for you so that you can run in the last 4 km after that you know the 4 km that remains is the one that determines the breaks or makes you and and of course with Eldwood and Mo Farah and the Ethiopians it is going to be very tough so what they will do now is to figure out how they will run the last 4 km or the last 2 km and that one will determine the person who is going to win Kipsang really needs to be careful now he is going to handle it if they don't have these megas or these megas is not following them then the chances of beating the two will be very difficult nevertheless I am looking forward to this when I want to see how everyone is looking forward to eat it will be blistering tomorrow at the London Marathon women representation as far as Kenyan is concerned Vivian Cheryot up for the title defense do you think so? Vivian as always with my favorite she is also a lady who has the mind to compete and she is also very intelligent and mainly people always think that you can only run with your legs but it is mainly the mind determines whether you will win or not despite the shape you are in Vivian has that capacity and the toughness of mind to resist any pace and she knows when to run I remember her first debut in New York she was too much and she used the pace of others and then she paid the price later but then the next marathon she was too much intelligent and she left everybody to go and she just followed America and eventually she beat them so this should be her third major marathon and she has done well in the others she is someone to look up to and I will not be surprised if she wins still a line up for Kenya in women category America itani Vivian Cheryot in my own assessment we are sure for podium finish Kenya podium finish and I will tell you why for me I know Vivian runs her own personal race that's what she learned through the very first race because she ran someone's pace that she did not prepared for or to do or train for but when you see especially the last marathon she ran on her own and she eventually came victorious but according to me Keitani land her lesson and she knows the people that she is going to run with and the pace that she will go with I still think she has something in mind that she wants to achieve she will be the fourth she has won three times so this one is going to be the fourth also and I am putting my prize money on her and I know she is going to perform because she has done it before she is the current holder with 217 so I know she will do it something but there are two people here that we should not forget Vivian and Keitani we call Cherono and there is somebody called Gladys Cherono and then there is Bridget there is Gladys and Bridget when you look at these two women their personal best actually is 218 and when you look at 2018 when it was going to end look at the performance of this girl called Bridget Kosgay then you realize that something is going to happen and the people that we need to really focus on right now because for me my fear is she might beat the two because these two their mindset is Vivian and Keitani they are going to fight each other but they have forgotten these two they are the favourites even statistically they are being favoured but I am telling you somebody to watch in that women marathon is called Bridget watch her she might carry the day I think about other headlines as far as athletics is concerned locally the junior team that represented the country that did beauty for Kenya at the 1820 African youth championship in Ivor coast of course I have staged a seating over and played allowances you spoke and even the athletes upon their arrival spoke let's listen in before we proceed in 15 hundred meters so we cooperated with my fellow colleague I was strong then him he dug up so he will be able to pick a sabu mojambili na tulioza in late gold medal na piyaka late silver kumusana jupafumansi and then I will define anybody it is actually emotional when you see what they require as girls and this just was told so when it comes to that now we cannot be so rigid to the extent but it can be done legally through the ministry they don't have to pay a k they let them come and pay the athletes directly here they are here each athlete can sign on their own behalf and collect the money but if we say now they have to be paid through the account which accounts now because they don't have accounts the parents don't have accounts and the ministry say we cannot pay to someone else other than the parents so what we do are they going to be paid or are they not going to be paid we have to be realistic in what we do and we have to really understand the artists themselves and Edward Zakai of course speaking upon the arrival from Ivor Coast where they participating in under 18 and under 20 African youth championship of course good performance spectacular show from the Kenyan lands and of course Burna Baskoril also spoke with the regards to the unpaid allowances where is the conflicts between the government and athletics Kenya in terms of payment of athletes dues as far as athletics Kenya is concerned you know we are the body who is responsible for development and nurturing of the talent we have seen as Kenyans the results that we have already achieved we know all of us know that we don't get any support from the government to nurture the talent we have all the programs that athletics Kenya rolls out for the preparation of competitions for the whole year and we do it with the support of the sponsors and other well wishers we don't get the benefit from the government the only time that we ask the money from the government is when the team has already been selected and it is a team Kenya it is no team AK it is a team Kenya and that is the responsibility of the Kenyan government to ensure that when they are selling the team for African championship for world championship for Olympics then they should be ready to pay that little amount which are from prices of the tickets and allowances and that is the problem that has been persisting for a long time you have seen also in other federations that they have issues when it comes to the tickets they don't plan very well so that our teams or our athletes or our players they end up in their boots they still live on the floor of their boots because of the poor planning we don't have any conflict with the government but the problem I can foresee as I've always done is that some government officials don't even understand anything about sports they don't understand specifically when athletics how it functions and when we were in Aifori ghost with the team the new CS Amina Mohamed came and I found out she is a lady who actually can help change the structure and the attitude of the sports ministry in my opinion I have seen for many years that have been working with AK yes people have been talking about federations not doing their elections federations not eating the money but then when you really understand the whole thing the problem is the ministry of sports they don't understand what is going on the problem of unpaid allowance to the athletes to the sportsmen has been a rampant drug for the last few years and even going forward in case it's not addressed it will remain to be a crisis that is supposed to be addressed even during world and 18 championship pre-olympics the same scenarios witnessed do you think it's high time the government of Kenya the ministry of sports can reminerate the participants prior the competition so that it's something of the past I think it will be in my own opinion it will be good if they can do that because when you look at the team team that athletics Kenya and I'm not here to vouch for them the team that they when they set up the team where a team is going under the name of athletics Kenya you will never hear of these issues they are paid prior even before leaving there was a certain time that it was not paid but they were paid I think in the middle of the night money money money has issues everyone has his own every house has his own problem and challenges but if you are to ask me to the ladies the government needs to pull up its socks because from 2017 you can imagine in Maxwell when you are covering the youth and the 18 youth till now these guys have not been paid their money something must be wrong and then they have to meet all the contractors the government the machinery of the government there is something that is fishy because when you look at there is another federation I don't know if it's boxing federation that you hear even their budget they have been already paid everything but when you look at the other federation there is an issue of getting that money and when you go to intrigues of how that payment was there is a sister works at the federation to this chairman so what you are trying to say there is no same level playing ground in terms of treatment of this federation yes yes yes I think there is something fishy that we are not being told but I think with Amina being at the helm let's hope because you know Amina will always be a mother and Amina has children who have grown up they have passed 20 years so I think he needs now to come in as a mum to these young people because this is torture they are doing to them if Zakara has not been paid since 2017 Manangoi has not been paid since 2017 will you will you he might even change citizenship because of such because money is coming these people are calling good money sign up contracts they are good outside there so why should you stay here where you are not even being you know muna itwa they were called but you know I was embarrassed that the vice president called them he took them to his residence and he promised that these people will be paid in one in two weeks time those were his own ones two weeks time we will have cleared this today they have not been paid we do politics in athletics athletics is not of politics athletics where somebody is sweating let me tell you one thing I'll give you a scenario of a marathona you go to that person or let me give you this scenario if a marathona gets lost let me tell you at around 40 km or you stop that person from running at 40 km immediately he will stop his body he is completely finished he cannot pick up anything he is done completely done when you go to that person you remove because for us people who cover athletics we interact we know how they suffer what they go through when you go to remove that shoe just go here to cross country championship after finishing go help that runner to remove that shoe you will find how painful it is when a marathona removes his running shoe all those nails are not there it's red blood this is something I'm telling you that I have experienced personally and he has been a runner he knows that so that's why you want people who have run he seems to be in agreement he seems to be in agreement because for me I'm not here to complain for career I have had issues with career and I usually tell him and air them but the thing is we need such characters in office because one he has been a runner he knows where it pitches most two he is a runner that has gone to school so to run such an entity it will be beneficial to the community to the country and even individuals that are running too so if you can get hold of money of a runner's money somebody who wants you are not doing any favor you are destroying his life because with running let me tell you when you get an injury or something your leg happens to something your case is gone so we need to encourage Yaman as you wind up do you think these are the situations that can contribute to change of nationalities because I know athletics is a team that has dominated headlines as far as Kenya is concerned and Kenya athletes have done spectacularly well overseas and they have attracted interest from other countries who want them to change citizenship delays in terms of unpaid allowance salaries and dues can contribute to running away from Kenya this is something very sensitive when they stage the sit in two days ago I went there to talk to them after meeting the CS I asked her what can I tell them and of course she gave me what she wanted me to explain to the athletes but when I went there you cannot even imagine or believe that the same artists like Zakaio Manangoi they were talking exactly what you are saying that they have no even business run for this country because of what happened they talked about that they say if they get a chance they don't want to run for Kenya but you know that aside I think the attitude of the Ministry of Sports must change and I realised also for the first time that we have not spoken enough to fight for the rights of athletes I realised that actually we have been fighting going round and round over issues maybe election issues and leaving out the most important issue and that is the needs of athletes he explained very clearly I was an athlete myself I ran the marathon and luckily when I my first marathon I did it at 35 kilometres I was running with the guys from Ethiopia and Tanzania when I looked down on my foot it was all blood so I kept on looking at it saying will I really finish it was complete blood the shoe was blood luckily my son was in the car with the mother because they were watching and they kept on encouraging me I went on to win that marathon but then they had to come and remove the shoe for me because it was total blood and I could not walk you can imagine what he says and if you go back now to the athletes what they go through in some of them they sell their land they sell their chicken everything to buy the shoes we don't have enough funds to assist them the young ones to grow we don't have any money to give them the government has only give us any money to symbol them so when they have come all the way to make the team for the republic of this country of Kenya so that they can represent Kenya and so that you can be proud about them then why is it so difficult to pay them the spinners allowance if you see them want the money these boys and girls who have been given is only $500 having stayed for that long others were saying they have to go to school on Monday and this is what they are depending they are parents they don't have anything they are guardians they don't have anything when they even came here to get the passports because they were paying for them we had to get the money to go back home when you go to the ministry because that's where I've been sitting and looking for following these things you talk to these guys they have no clue and they don't have that empathy they don't have that feeling that these people should be taken care of they think it is just when they see an athlete that is kipchoga now winning London Marathon they think every athlete is like that 80 years work for it and you know they don't know the history of kipchoga from 2002 now up to now so not everybody earns money the way other major marathons are earning what I want to say is that I have a feeling that the new CS like he says as a mother she's going to make a change but my proposal which I'm going to pursue is that if the ministry is going to continue doing what they are doing then they have no business in dealing with the federations the allowances and the money that has to be used to develop sports in this country should go to the fund and the fund can control when we give up projects in our budgets six months then we can work out until the time now they have to pay then they have approved and the fund pays us let the ministry deal with policy and other issues but when it comes to allowance they should actually stop it completely and we go to the fund we get money directly and we face our programs at least Kenya, football all those so that we don't continue claiming the federation that they are earning money they have most of them they have briefcase offices but then when you ask the government what have you given to say yes we gave you this and you didn't open an office we gave you this and you didn't develop this so you are taking now about maybe netball or wherever they don't have enough capacity to develop because they don't have the seed money now who is going to sponsor them because the sponsors they also want to make money they want to grow also they are not going to sponsor somebody who is not and they want value for their money and they want value for their money how can you say you are supporting them then they are misusing the money when they don't have that kind of money so the problem I can tell you is not even with the federation our major problem is the sports ministry that needs to be completely the structure so that we can develop otherwise we will never develop you can take it from me fair enough finally John Vaseline your last submissions on the doping menace as we speak right now man was also supposed to claim Kenya at Tomorrow's Land and Marathon as you know failed at testing positive for consumption of banned substance that is Abraham Kutum Big blow for Kenya oh it's a big one it's a special how big I told you do you know that's a platform and these are the gimmicks of wazungu they know how to play around that's a psychological torture on Kenyan runners who are going to participate tomorrow because everyone there the runners so the TVs will be talking about doping a doping issues these fans failed doping and doping funny enough something that I've just learned this morning is that this man knew even before he traveled to London he had gotten the finding had been sent to him about the athlete blood and they took him there and even took the flight to London what a shame you know you could have declined to take the flight to London because the results had been sent to him already and later had been sent to him from AIU who are responsible on that so this one is just shaming the country and now they are going to ride on that but again the issue is this now the custodians of this runners is AK and is here I think I don't know what AK is going to do so that these people I think they should propose a bill or second a bill that once you dope it's criminalized so that in fact I know he landed yesterday because he was he was immediately taken to the flight this morning or this morning in fact such characters need when you land you're in chains straight away to police because it's a criminal offense you are shaming the whole country because tomorrow Sunday tomorrow at 11 people will be watching the whole world is going to be watching Kenyan and you'll hear those commentators mark you me you'll hear them saying yesterday one half marathon they called holder was sent home for doping purposes it's shame to hear such a thing I think athletics Kenya they need to put their house in order they need again to go back to the drawing board and see what can we do because if it's education let me tell you recently we had a conference a very huge one and conducted it okay instead of awarding athletics they took all the money and facilitated they paid flights because I heard a sneak preview of the program and how it was happening they paid flights for others from Eldori because they didn't want to come even now okay head to Pombeleza people we will pay you the flight just come up here for one day then you can go back to your training you see they gave allowances to these people they put them at the best places they can everyone from that person who is not known to the person who is not known so at least there is a role that a K is playing so it's upon these athletes now to see and get something out of such investment that these people put but again athletics Kenya you need to come up with a bill you take it the relevant authority so that we criminalize this act because they were doses A.I.U the whole house all the example Burmett is called Burmett they in charge he was in Kenya on the same issues of doping so we need to now just change the act that we criminalize so that these people can put in jail so that was why we will be able to kai from management level is it a character as a nation to the country is it injured the reputation of Kenya considering it's well known country for athletics as an individual sporting discipline and now that IWF has suspended Abraham Kiptum provisionally and now you wouldn't be able to participate in Tomorrow's Land and Marathon what are the relevance they called us doing apart from workshop and training A.K. in partnership with even ADAC to continue sensitize the athletes on the need of you know not involving themselves in doping you know this thing is also very very interesting because you know the issue of biological passport for Abraham Kiptum came about a month ago and the information was given to him and also the manager that they said was resource for biological passport and they were still investigating it two days ago as a lands Kenya because we saw that he was in London we wrote to AIU to find out whether this gentleman can actually run in London because he was already has already been at firstly mentioned and why he was in London he will be shocked that we received the information yesterday that confirmation that AIU is saying he can actually run in London when we have the documentation to prove that they say that he can run in London 24 hours later they said no he has actually been professional suspended so it goes back to what Fislin is saying that this whole thing is it smells of an intention to to put the country in part light because when it comes to London you know that competition is watch worldwide and everybody is there they will now be talking about up around the tomb but not about Kipchok and the others or whatever they are commenting they say yes one of them has already been sent home they have been sent home they have been sent home they have been sent home and then you know that this boy also had broken the world record in 21k and the record has been there for a long time so it is a very sad day for us but as he says we need to change how we are going to handle the issue of doping in the country we have to be more severe in the punishment when we had annual general meeting with all the stakeholders in the country he came and we passed a resolution that any athlete that has been sanctioned has been as they said posted sanction and coming out after the sanction is not going to be allowed to compete for the country anymore it is done we will not even if they do even like the guy who was winning somewhere yesterday he is not going to represent this country again anyone who has sanctioned will never wear the kajan chassis that is one of the rules now but we need to go to parliament and make sure that there is a law so that these people when they test positive then we have evidence and we will change them that is the only way we can do but you see the other resolution that was done the rules and regulations that was given was that we had already adopted a law that says that if you are found guilty then you will go in for 3 years or pay 3 million but then it is the IWF that actually say that you cannot change there athletes but you have to follow the process of IWF same thing with Ethiopia when they they are going to change these people again then IWF say no you can't do that so we are in a catch 22 and we don't know what to do but then because of the fear of ban because of government involvement but you see now we have to do other things extraordinary things to prove that we are doing something against this and we have to together our own laws so that we can we don't have to worry about the IWF but we say okay you will go in if you are working for the gate if you are working for the police or any government you will have to be fired you lose everything and you lose even the money you have received from this because at the end of the day we are destroying this athletics which has been special for this country we cannot continue like that and something has to give in so that we can change this and we must change I think I forgot something before we just finished just a few seconds just a few seconds I think AK has the power because the manager was given the letter advanced later again a skip tomb a case should hold accountable the manager he should be suspended or taken to jail two last year I heard Fununu you know we do research as writers that Rosa which has been advancedly mentioned in this doping issue doping issues they were to be suspended this year they were not supposed to be there but this year they are operating I think the athletics need to suspend such people they need to get hold of this manager so that he is liable for what is happening because now it's not about the manager of the athletes it's about the country tomorrow I agree with him just give us two days and you will see the action you will crack the week you will see it for yourself fantastic conversation it's been on the state of athletics we focus on Marathon set for tomorrow and Kenya Marathon has both male and female categories of course they are the defending champions and you keep joking for male category for female category looking forward to retain their titles of course we will be keenly watching the proceedings of that particular event tomorrow to see how it pans out and keep in form role is a pleasure having you on board for me as far as athletics is concerned Barna Bas Corril Athletics Kenya branch chairman and John Vaslin athletics writer joining us to put things in perspective as far as matters athletics is concerned role is a pleasure having you governor thank you for coming through fantastic cheers man thanks a lot touchline is the show and this is Y25 don't go we stay tuned match is coming up next


Welcome to my EuroCrip 2021 presentation about Bifurcated Signatures. This is a joint work with Benoît Liber from ENS de Lyon in France, Koa Enguyen from University of Wallungung in Australia, Moti Jung from Google and University of Columbia in New York in the US, and myself, Thomas Peters from UC Levin in Belgium. In this talk, I'm going to show that we do not have to choose for all between either a strong notion of accountability or statistical anonymity in a single private signing scheme. More generally, our goal is to initiate research on Bifurcated Signatures. In more than two decades, cryptographers built more and more advanced protocols, but they can usually be divided into two conflicting branches. On the one branch, we have the primitives for privacy-aware users, such as end-to-end encryption or schemes with unconditional anonymity or everlasting privacy. And on the other branch, we have the primitive design to prevent abusing the cryptosystem, where one would like properties such as key escrow, identity escrow, or accountability, sometimes motivated by safety reasons. Still, each branch taken individually might be the best solution in some context, but both rigid solutions cannot live together, and it might sometimes lead to some tensions. The goal of Bifurcated Cryptography is to make both branches to live together in a single scheme in a flexible and user-friendly manner. Of course, given a commitment, for instance, it is either perfectly hiding or perfectly binding, and never both at the same time. Dual mode commitment scheme exists and makes a bridge between both branches, but it is usually a security feature used in order to prove the security in a broader protocol rather than a functionality. In the case of anonymous signatures, cryptographers created the best solution that fits in a single branch For statistical anonymity, we have ring signatures on the one branch, and for traceability, we have group signatures on the other branch, where an opening authority can identify the actual signer on demand, but it can always do it at will. Some works try to mitigate those absolute properties in both branches, and I will briefly mention some related works later, but the separation between both branches remains strong until today. A notable exception where both branches really coexist is in accountable tracing signatures. However, the user receives a single signing key, which fixes the branch without being aware of which. Then we raise some questions. Why should we choose the branch at the key generation time? Can we avoid authoritatively freezing the targeted security notions? Or can we have the best of both branches in a flexible and rallying feature? To answer this question, we introduce Bifurcated Anonymous Signatures. In Bifurcated Anonymous Signatures, the branch is selected by predicate at the signing time. Depending on the content and even on some information related to the context, the predicate value determines point-wise whether the signature will fall in the statistical anonymity branch or in the traceability branch. Moreover, this predicate value is easily computable by the signer, who can thus make an educated choice as whether he or she can afford signing. From a privacy point of view, we require the Bifurcated Anonymous Signature to be branch hiding. That means that whether a signature is traceable or not is hidden from the outside. This allows the signer to make a free choice as no one can tell whether he or she accepts signing for one branch or the other. Accept the opening authority, of course, who can figure it out by trying to trace the signature. We are so stressed that revealing the branch can give private information about the signer, so this is also one more reason to hide the branch. Further, we also require Bifurcated Anonymous Signatures to satisfy the branch soundness notion. This is a security requirement which ensures that malicious signers, even colluding with all the authorities, cannot flip the branch and compute or implicitly force the computation of a signature that should fall in one branch while it finally falls in the other branch. Somehow, it says that no one can cheat with the predicate upon which an anonymous signer can make a secure choice. As a side note on the meaning of Bifurcated, the Miriam Repster dictionary says that it is actually two branches in one. More intuitively, this is how Bifurcated's anonymous signatures work. We have a group manager who creates some credentials for the user who belongs to the group. Once enrolled, a user can sign any message and before signing, he or she can evaluate the predicate to know whether the signature will be traceable or not. Once he or she outputs the signature, anyone can verify its validity as in normal, ordinary signature. This process is actually dynamic. A new user can come and join the group by first creating a secret, usually a signing key, and will get the credential, usually a group manager's signature on the user verification key. Traceable or not, any signature computed by a group member is at least computationally anonymous from the outside. The opening authority can try to identify the actual signer behind any signature. If it does not find any identity, that means that the signature is statistically anonymous. Otherwise, it should always find one identity. Basically, a Bifurcated anonymous signature is a flexible mix of ring and group signatures. So let's have a quick view on the state of the art. So for group signatures, the concept has been introduced in 1991 by Schoeman Van Nist. In 2000, Nathanieze Kamanish-Jua and Tsutik gave a construction resistant against the coalition, but the security analysis was made with respect to a list of security. This is only a few years later, in 2003, Belarie Mitiancho and Varinsky proposed a security model and a construction based on trapdoor permutation. But at that time, the group signature was only static. That means that it was not possible to join the group, and so the group was frozen at the key generation time. So it is just a few years after that the extension to dynamic group has been proposed with a formal model and construction as well. So that is for the group signature, and for ring signature, the concept has been introduced in 2001 by Rives Chameer and Toman. The purpose was to show how is it possible to leak a secret and keep the anonymity in an unconditional way, so in a statistical way, and the application there was to allow whistleblowing. The security has been in hands in 2007, and actually a little before, and by Ben Dercats and Marcelli, who gave stronger definition and construction in the standard model. So this was for the basic notion, somehow, of group and ring signatures, but many variants have been suggested so far, usually to reduce the power of a single entity. So in the case of group signature, several works propose to restrict the power of the opening authority by only allowing message-dependent opening or only allow to trace signature between themselves and not specially to identify a signer. In the case of ring signature, some authors try to restrict the anonymity and try to find to have some accountability notion, and they introduce linkable or traceable ring signature or even K times anonymity, where the idea is that if a user sign too many times the same messages, the signature will become linkable. There are distinct properties of opening authorities, but there the anonymity is always computational. So there are works where a converter, so an authority have to convert signature in order to be able to identify signer or to make a link between them. You also have a countable ring signatures where the purpose is to have many different opening authorities, so you can have threshold opening authority, so you need that many of them work together in order to trace signature or you can also have a more flexible scheme where the opening authorities is chosen by the signer, but each time you still have someone who can retrieve their identity or link the signatures. So anonymity is only computational and you also have other solutions that are interactive that I do not discuss here. There are also other flexible kind of signatures and somewhere we give more control to who can sign and who can sign what. So we have attribute-based signatures, policy-based signatures, functional signatures, so where the purpose is not to have statistical anonymity to live with some kind of accountability. This is more or less a power to sign or not to sign. You also have some other features as in dynamic group signature in the sense that the group of user can be chosen by the signer at the signing time, but he can only choose members of the other world group. But still, this is the usual kind of opening authority and anonymity. So there was one notable exception that I already mentioned. So the case of accountable tracing signatures where ring and group signature might coexist a little bit, but the user unnotify whether they actually live in the branch of ring signature or of group signature. That means that the authority choose for the user once and for all in which branch you will live. And so the user doesn't know that. So this is something that we want the user to be aware of. We are thus indeed the first to offer the best flexibility by pushing the choice between group and ring signatures at the signing time. So our contribution consists of first giving a formal model of bias and second providing generic construction that can be instantiated in the standard model. So we provide a formal description of the primitive, the syntax. Actually, we require the use of a predicate family. That means that at the signing time we do not have a single predicate. The signer can choose one predicate among several ones that are available in the public key. As we already mentioned, the first safety notion that we want are branch hiding and branch sonness. We have unconditional anonymity or statistical anonymity if the predicate evaluates to one. That means that if it evaluates to zero, the signature is traceable. And for security purpose, we also have to define an extractable mode. An extractable mode which is indistinguishable from the real mode. And why we need that is actually because in order to prove some kind of unforgeability of, for instance, signature that are statistically anonymous, it is strange to define why it is a forgery at all since we cannot extract any identity or witness to say, oh, actually it is a forgery. So we do not have meaningful information from statistical anonymous signatures. So we will have to flip the mode in order to have something which allows us to always extract some message identity and witness in order to define the security notion of traceability and unframability as usual group signature. So we also provide a generic construction that can be expressed as bounded depth Boolean circuit. So we can instantiate this generic construction where the signature size is independent of the circuit size. We have an instantiation based on LWE that use FHE and where the depth is polynomial. And you can also have a bearing-based instance where the depth is only logarithmic. Both instantiation are in the standard model. Now let me give more formal description of bias. So here is the high-level description. So we have a setup which defines the secret key of the group manager, the one of the opening authority, so OA. We have the predicate family P. So we have many distinct predicates P with index I and any predicate takes as input a message, an identity and a witness. And we will see what is witness. This is what we call the context. And the predicates evaluate to 0 or 1. So to join the group, the group manager and the new user engage in a protocol in such a way that if the protocol succeeds, the group manager creates a certificate for the user, a new ID, and the user also gets a secret information. So that will be the signing key of the user. To sign a message, a user with identity ID a certificate, the secret information, the message and witness and predicate P produce a signature sigma. To open a signature, the opening authority uses secret key. And we assume here that the signature is valid. And to check the validity of the signature, we actually need the message, the signature and also the predicate. We need to choose a predicate to check the validity of the signature. And the opening authority will either extract an identity or a symbol indicating that the signature is actually anonymous. We have several potential applications. For instance, we can imagine money laundering or tax evasion protection in financial transaction. So the message M can be seen as the encryption of who pay the payer and the payee. W is the witness and the witness can be the amount of money involved in the transaction. And so this witness can also be in a commitment which is defined outside our primitive, but they can be combined.  So we can define the predicate PI with index I such that if the amount is in a range and all the possible range are set up by the public key. And we can thus have statistical anonymity if the amount belongs to the range or if the transaction is actually a local transaction. If it is a cross-border transaction, then the signature should be traceable. Another application is in renting an Obaim e-book. So here the predicate can simply be is the book contains only armless content. So for instance, if it is a simple story, we do not need that someone is able to identify who rent which book. But on the contrary, if the book contains some information, for instance, related to a chemistry book or we can construct a bomb, it might be good to have some accountability there and be able to extract the identity of the actual reader. We also have other interesting application on free investigative journalism. So here we have journalism who might be abroad in some country I and the journalist want to authenticate a paper or some information and depending on the fact that it is in a country with a freedom of speech or not, he want to have some statistical anonymity to send authenticated messages. But of course if you have in another country and you have no problem with that, there is no issue with being able to identify you and even it is better to be able to quickly identify those signed papers, it will be easier for the application. So for the journalism abroad, of course this identity can be related to some credential that ensures that the journalism receives some credential to be in another country and so on. So it's time to talk about the security notion. So we have some notion of privacy and some other on security. For privacy, we have two complementary anonymity flavors. So the non-traceable case and the traceable case. The non-traceable case actually corresponds to the statistical anonymity. So the adversary can choose a predicate P, a single predicate P, a single message M, but he can then choose different distinct identities, witnesses and certificates. And as long as the predicate evaluates to one in both cases, then the signature should statistically hide our choice B. In the traceable case, we can say, okay, now we can just focus on what's happened when the predicate evaluates to zero, but if we do that, we do not capture the branch hiding notion. That means that if we only have an anonymity for when the predicate evaluates to one and another one when the predicate evaluates to zero, that doesn't mean that we have indistinguishability actually computationally from traceable and non-traceable signatures. So here in the traceable case, actually there is no restriction on the predicate's value. And we follow the usual CCA-like principle with opening carries. So there the anonymity is defined and can only be reached computationally. For the security, we have a two-step notion. We talked about the need of an extractable mode in order to define, for instance, the unforgeability of a statistically anonymous signature. So we introduce a simulation setup that creates a trapdoor key information tool. And with this piece of information, we can always extract identity and weaknesses with overwhelming probability. And actually the way we define branch sonness is by saying that the two modes are indistinguishable even if we give to the adversary the secret signing information. That is because we do that because we want the security property defined in the extractable modes to have some meaningful interpretation in the real mode where we want to have security against the authorities if they collude, for instance. Once we have that, we can extract identity and witness. It is easily to define now the notion of trustability and frameability where, for instance, the purpose is to show that even if the opening authority and the group manager collude, they cannot make an honest signer accountable for a signature that he never signed. I will now give a quick overview of our generic construction. So we have a join algorithm, a join protocol which works exactly as many other schemes. So a signer creates a signing key, SKID, and asks the group manager to sign his public verification key. So the certificate is the signature from the group manager. Now to sign a message M. First, we compute a message-dependent circuit, like this. As in signature, we also first pick a pair of keys from a strongly inforgeable signature scheme. And we will use that at the end in order to sign all the computation that we made in order to have non-malleability and we need non-malleability to have a CTA-like anonymity property. We also have to commit to the identity and the witness, and we do that by using an LLC ciphertext, an LLC encryption. So the LLC encryption takes a tag which is here, the verification key of the one-time signature scheme. And depending on the verification key, we can have a ciphertext which is lossy or not in the real mode, but we can also have a mode where all the ciphertexts are lossy. And we use that because we need to extract at some point every identity and witness, and we also have to switch for a program tag VK for the anonymity property. So now we evaluate the predicate actually, so the circuit, and we have the C-E-V value, and we compute a lossy ciphertext. So this one is not our lossy, it's only lossy, and we actually encrypt the identity or something which is zero, independent of the identity, depending on the value of the predicate. Then we rely on homomorphic equivocal commitments. So this is a scheme for which it is possible to compute a commitment here on the identity and the witness, and anyone can evaluate on top of the commitment some of the circuit, and then we will have another commitment, and us, since we know the random coin, we are able to provide an opening value for the committed evaluation of the circuit on the inputs that we use in the commitment. Then we, of course, sign the message, the predicate, and also the commitment, and we have to prove that everything was done honestly, and we make use of a dual-mode statistical and interactive zero-knowledge argument. We prove that everything was done honestly, as I just said, and at the end we do not have to forget to sign everything using the one-time secret key of the strongly unforgeable scheme. It is worth noticing that we do not really directly need simulation sonneness from the argument because we actually rely on the lossiness of the ciphertext, so it is possible to have simply honest computation and everything was done by the indistinguishable mode of the lossy encryption key. To conclude, we introduce bifurcated anonymous signature and new direction of bifurcated cryptography in general. We reconcile unconditional anonymity and accountability in a single scheme at the signing time. We provide generic construction in the standard model for bond and depth circuits. We have two instantiation, and in the case of pairings, we can use a gross, high-proof system, structure-preserving signature, and just to give an idea here, you have the size of the signature, which depends on the length of the witness and the identity. So we use a symmetric pairing just to show how practical in some sense the signature size can be. We have some nice open problems. Of course, we can try to apply the bifurcated ID to other primitives, for instance, to end-to-end encryption with escrow or not. We can also try to have more practical bias for specific predicates in the random-oracle model and under simple assumptions. And, of course, we can also imagine extension of Malichewski and subverted anonymity that we already defined in the long version of the paper, and we can also think about revoking the ability to sign in the group. Thank you. I hope you enjoyed your presentation.


We need to be well with prayers and support systems in which we can work together. We need to be well with prayers and support systems. So, coming together and deciding that we are doing a show for the sake of one of our own. Muga mubariki sana. They don't give you your flowers. I'm giving you your flowers life on camera. There, behind there. We've done a lot of events. The respect now for charging, for sustaining events. I came to respect you after so many years. We've done a lot of events. So, mad respect. We are where we are because of you. And we really appreciate. Muga mubariki sana. Ladies and gentlemen, I'm standing next to our father and son. Legendary Churchill. Amazing content creator, producer, director, Eddie Boutita. I'm happy to see you guys. Maybe you can tell us what is happening tonight. We just came together for what they call, for Masi Wainaina. That's why we are here. Me na shkuru. Me ni kuapa for a cause. We are here for Masi. She is one of our own. Aliponga mostly be in the scene. They are the people who are the reason why we used to do this thing. One kuana fanyaka. Zimobsana be in the scene. That's why we came back together after many years. Many months. Now, Churchill, this is an amazing cause. You're standing out with Masi. You've brought so many amazing creators on board for this amazing cause. What is the end goal? The end goal is to be able to create a kitty, but a fan where some of our partners and also our friends can benefit from it. So it's not a one-off. So we're going to pick a cause every year. We say, waka na fanyaka, kansa, ingina na fanyaka, whatever cause it is and we run with it. We contribute towards it. Okay. One of the many challenges we face as Kenyan is that whenever we have someone going through something, we're always forced to create groups, call people to raise funds. I know it's not your wish to call these amazing creators here to raise funds for Masi now. What is next now for Masi after managing to get treatment in India? I think number one is right. We hope that she's going to come back here and we work with her because she has so many pending projects we had, especially with the kids, case 254 and the cookout, which she had just started so well last year. So let's manage one case at a time. So right now is to make sure Masi is okay. Right now she's in India and we hope she can be back with us in January. Yes. We are coming through Churchill Foundation. We have a segment or a team or maybe a committee moving forward. We have a contribution. We have a special budget for something like this, an emergency. Yes, of course. We are going to do it. We have the Churchill Foundation. We have other foundations too. Yes, we are going to channel the money and we are going to do it. We are going to do it and we will do it. Yes, but of course most importantly, I want to know if she can make a benefit from it. What is the message to Masi? All will be well with prayers and support system. We are going to do it. So I believe she will be back and work together. And I would like to thank Churchill for making sure we come together for this event because we are known for comedy. We are known for having these shows. So coming together and deciding that we are doing a show for the sake of one of our own. They don't give you your flowers. I'm giving you your flowers life on camera. We've done a lot of events. The respect I am for Churchill for sustaining events. I came to respect you after so many years. The only thing I want to say is we have reached 100 and we are happy. So, mad respect. We are where we are because of you and we really appreciate whomeva uniform you have yet. I am Masi Ketu. Masi I am Kwanbasa Nitruwaot. I am Shukuliki Mama Mzaz. But I am Zafiri Kwa Sababuyake. Kwa Sababuyake. That's a love I have for Masi. Masi is a beautiful soul. What you can do but you can't do it. I am Kwanbasa Nitruwaot. But who can do it? We cannot do this without Masi. Thank you so much Rubani. Now, Churchill kumalizia. Mwaka ina isya. Sijutu nafunga mwaka kawahida watu nafunga na sho. Iko sho kubu asana. Kuna sho moja ita kuwa Garden City. 31st. And kuna ingine kubu watu nafanya. Uganda, I hope to enda nabu siapa. A big show in Uganda. For the first time I'll be in Uganda in November. And of course the Churchill Kids Festival both here and Uganda. And there is another big one. We are doing Fuki Noti and Hintar. Ita kwa KSC October 20th. You're welcome. So Zote, na, hoge nasanabu. Sababu. Kama ma mwangu hengenda mzuri. Espe ma henge kuwa. Naniye. Naniye. Iotongi amabu badae. And you do it. Kume shinde ilaza wa dya pulse. Wa me patia. Wa uspuk patia pasituna demostrate. Wa uspuk patia plade demostrate. Ma tunanda mana. Dikuna hee, sawa. Na skuru sana wama tu patia furza. Asa. Kudia ma kukusapotis kuzode. Karebus sana. Na tunatumai sana. Ume mention Kampala. Na espe ma bazi na tulikana po an exclusive coverage. Tungi amabu badae. Piasi furza. Karebus. Tu eseku waliatia wa Kenya habari wazi kuwa wazi. Asa. Tunasafiri nawebas. Insha Allah. Insha Allah. Asa, asa, asa. And all the best. Sende itunai tukua. Asa. Amabu kukusafiru asa, takusanya yo kazi. Asa, kumuliza mamu ya chelfi. Kamadali mamu ya chelfi. Chelfi. Chelfi. Chelfi, chelfi. Sisi ma shabik na yo tunawmiya. Sisi ma shabik na yo tunawmiya. Sisi na yo tunawmiya.


Do you be having like a large order and they be in apartment? Yeah Steady kid I'm back today with another doorknob video huge shout out to everybody tuning in if you want to subscribe Make sure you smash that subscribe button give me a thumbs up and do not skip those ads So there's March 12th. It's a Saturday, baby. We already get to the back. Look, we've been always at 7 a.m We get to this money. I hope you are too. Look, we had always sparked up two orders 8.1 miles for 2080 baby Duncan doughnuts 4.2 miles for eight eighty nine We owe the granted in the time and then it gave us an add-on for Starbucks 2.9 miles for six dollars We a holla then order number three baby the point pancake house six items 7.6 miles for 1175 we are getting busy. I hope you are with me make sure you make the squad But give me a thumbs up do not skip those ads. I hope you guys are out there getting to this bang. Let's go Yeah, we are here to jump off all the way sparked up order number one. He about to get it done They got this war melon. So I got to put this right right here. So I roll over roll down the stairs Let's drop off order number two Order number four. We in the dough. Let's go Walmart one item 3.9 miles for 725. Let's drive Baby jump off this Walmart for that. She's some kitty letter Y'all already know what's next hit it with that photo, but y'all already know don't smack smack Let's go order number five stay alive. Let's drive Mickey D's, baby 3.8 miles for 814. We're about to get this green Baby, okay got it together I don't see any out there like that right there. It's probably us Hello, oh You don't have a pick up D8 on the last three. Thank you. You have a great one Yeah, we are here to drop off this Mickey D Drop it like this hot photo smack Okay Let's go order number six. We're trying to get in the mix all the way sparked up one order 14.1 miles for 16 89. We want to go on to the end of time Hopefully it's it was baby because if they don't it's gonna be critical either way go. You already know we But to get to this dough order number seven. Thank God for his blessings Panera bread two items 1.4 miles for 525 Let's drive order number eight. We are here again to this cake Mariano's 2.1 miles 43 items for 34 76 we're trying to get it in the mix. Let's go We're about to get this bread, baby. Hopefully got it. Let's see. Oh, here we go right here, baby Every for Shaniqua G. Oh, wow. She didn't tell me There you go. So you have a great day. Thank you Right here to drop off this Sam's Club order. They said leave it at the side door and do not worry about the dog They got very cool Super heavy That's why I always asked because it's not is gonna fall You're welcome. You guys have a great day Order number nine. We on the grind to the end of time. They're about to see a shine all One order 3.4 miles for 32 41. Let's get it done. We are here, baby. The drawings is all the way Spar We're gonna drop all this stuff right here. It says when the doorbell is quiet So that's what we're gonna do once we get everything situated, baby I had to get all that one trip one trip wrong. Call me one trip one trip wrong Let's go order number 10 11 we get money when stretching order number 10 was a shift order It was only a delivery.  We got enough money to pay the rent order number 11 Thank God for his blessings. We get money when he's dressing Benny's one order three items for 1395 let's drive order number 12 is time to prevail. So our last one. Let's get it done Oh, I'll always worked up again, baby two orders 2.9 miles for 28 19. We about to get this green.  So we do all of them instacart door dash This is spark though. This would have this with a money and you can make easy money with this Yeah, I got like 800 subscribers I said head on one of the song I mean one of the video because it's decent though. I mean you can do your own thing This is my last one today. All right, so I see I'll be back tomorrow You know I'm not every day every day. It's it's uh, oh this one got it. I got another bag There's one in there somewhere But yeah, I post every day at 7 a.m. 7 a.m. Drop seven in the morning every day Yeah Appreciate you bosses Don't keep on grinding y'all gonna keep on climbing y'all like doing this Don't you try to do it there, so try all of it Hey, let me see your phone, too. Let me put your it's sweet this week. I'm gonna get I'm about to get Yes, I'm a real estate agent, too. Yeah, so look these two orders, right? I'm about to get $28.19 cents to go 2.9 miles All right, dude's go to play now.  Yeah, sometimes but you cancel it the thing about is you is you do whatever you want to do if you Don't do it. You just cancel it Okay You just cancel it just keep on moving what we do doordash Instacart doordash Instacart we do all pretty much all You can make we made 200 a day. I started at 7 o'clock. This is my last order and I had 200 plus Mmm, we started at seven like seven on nine And it's about to be 12 pound be done. Are y'all be smooth? Yeah, lock in lock in We are here to drop off order number one. We got to get it done They got a good ice all on this on the sidewalk man. They should have cleaned that off before I got here baby Into the big fat first big bag got a big I was thinking it was supposed to go instead of one on the side door, but it said that Let me see going to part door. So that's why I'm going over here. I think the side will be better access for And it has like a little porch area where I could have put all the grouches at instead of Lying them up on the side String doors right there But it is what it is and it ain't what it ain't We're getting busy about this money And they got that minute made and that minute made Yeah It was up for my head us. I'm not Let's go You're dropping ward number two what it do. It says leaves everything in the garage So I'm going to leave it like right here Hello Yes, sir, that's fine I just had surgery on my foot. Nice. I told you if you want me to I could bring it in if you I could bring it like right here or in the kitchen if you want me to sir. Yeah, if you want to do that That's fine. That'd be great. No big deal It's up your kit buddy. Thank you Just sat down right by that thing right here. Yeah, all right. Yes, sir So how's the foot coming along? Why don't you have to get uh surgery? Well, it's just off the toenail. That's not the deal. Yeah, but I have I'm diabetic Oh Yeah, my uncle and my grandmother died Betty So I definitely understand Yeah, so a lot of times her knees swell up and she can't walk that good So they have to give her a cane sometimes. Oh, yeah And she has high blood pressure. So she got to keep her high blood. Yeah. Yeah, same here, buddy All right. Thank you very much, sir. You have a great one. I'll close this for you. You have a good one Let's go And just like that, it is the end of video. I hope you guys enjoyed the content. Guess what 225 47 we getting money. We're in stressing in five hours. It is only 1208 time to skate we started at seven like 708 710 712 somewhere around the area We got busy and five hours. We let that money shower Oh, we gotta do the video make sure you lock in tomorrow because it's going back down.  It's back season, baby. I see guys on the next one We going we going we throwing you already knowing the ddk and i'm on my way


Pennsylvania is a place of welcome. The Commonwealth was founded by William Penn as a refuge for people of different faiths, different nationalities, and different opinions. And in that spirit, we welcome you all. Philadelphia is home to many experiences and attractions. You can stop by Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell, or visit the Art Museum. Grab lunch at the Reading Terminal Market, or my favorite hot dog stand on Sandsam and Broad, or any of Philadelphia's diverse and delicious dining options. Take a walk on the School Hill River Trail and see Boathouse Row, or visit Spruce Street Harbor Park to relax and enjoy the evening. Be sure to check out VisitPA.com to discover all the wonderful things our city and our state have to offer.


Stretch reflex. The stretch reflex myotatic reflex is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length. When a muscle lengthens, the muscle spindle is stretched and its nerve activity increases. This increases alpha motor neuron activity, causing the muscle fibers to contract and thus resist the stretching. A secondary set of neurons also causes the opposing muscle to relax. The reflex functions to maintain the muscle at a constant length. Gamma motor neurons regulate how sensitive the stretch reflex is by tightening or relaxing the fibers within the spindle. There are several theories as to what may trigger gamma motor neurons to increase the reflex's sensitivity. For example, alpha-gamma co-activation might keep the spindles taught when a muscle is contracted, preserving stretch reflex sensitivity even as the muscle fibers become shorter. Otherwise the spindles would become slack and the reflex would cease to function. This reflex has the shortest latency of all spinal reflexes including the Golgi tendon reflex and reflexes mediated by pain and cutaneous receptors.