Hey, this is Brett and this 2018 Ford F-250 Crew Cab Short Box Platinum is stock number 13680Z. I'm here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2018 Ford F-250 has the 6.7-liter Powerstroke diesel engine. It's paired up with the 6-speed automatic transmission. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside, underneath, start it up and take a look under the hood to give you the most accurate representation of the truck possible. Ruby Red Tin Coat is the color and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities, turn them on now because it is your best way to check out the quality condition options and of course, cleanliness of the truck before seeing it in person. As you go down the driver's side, the box here looks really good. The cab and doors are all in fantastic condition. I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Front fender is in fantastic condition as well and if you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com, slash Summit Auto, click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive as well as access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walk-arounds on YouTube. This one comes with the 20-inch polished aluminum wheels. They're in fantastic condition and it has Michelin LTX AT tires. These are LT27560R20s and they have right around half the tread left, maybe just a hair under. The frame and underbody is exceptionally clean on this truck, very little to no corrosion anywhere. Even the bolts are super clean, very nice underneath this truck. We get the painted bumpers with the platinum package. This one comes with the LED fog lamps, the chromed tow hooks, and the platinum painted grille. You also have the LED headlamps and running lights. We'll turn all those on at the end of the video so you can see just how nice and bright they all are. The hood is in fantastic condition, I didn't see any dents or dings on there. Passenger side fender is in fantastic shape and the passenger side front wheel, no major scuffs or scrapes. Does have the cab lights up top and as you go down this side of this 2018 Ford F-250, platinum take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. I take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you back wheels in excellent shape and the back tires have just as much tread as those front tires. It does come with rear airbag suspension, looks like a, let's see if I can turn the light on here, air lift is the brand on that. Again frame and underbody is like new, has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been altered in any way and this one does come with the power running boards. FX4 off-road suspension package, you get the chromed exhaust tips coming around in the back. The rear bumper is in really nice shape as well, back up parking sensors, full towing package of course with the receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring, you get the platinum style tailgate with the platinum piece on the back there, that's in really nice shape, tailgates in really nice shape, I didn't see any dents or dings on that, does have the power drop down tailgate, comes with a very nice spray and bed liner, LED bed lights, side box tie downs and this one does have the fifth wheel and gooseneck prep package, you also get seven pin wiring back here for a trailer and then that tailgate, the spray and bed liner goes on to the tailgate and it does have the tailgate step assist. Shuts nice and solidly, comes with a Ford hard roll up tonneau cover so that just like rolls up and going down the driver's side once again for full disclosure this back wheel just as nice as the rest, looks really good door doors are in great shape, has the driver's side door code entry, we do have the code for this truck if you ever wanted to figure out what your code is for your 17 to 22 super duty in the upper right hand bar screen, got a video showing you how to do that, blind spot monitoring, built in directional signals these power fold in, power telescope out, does have the 360 camera on it as well and see those running boards work nicely, inside the platinum package gives you the black and kind of grayish silver bucket seats, you get the platinum badge on the backrest, seats are in really nice condition, both of these are heated and cooled, lumbar factory floor mats, power pedals, auto headlamps, you get LED side lights, get this kind of cool trim on the dash there, power tilt and telescopic steering wheel, power windows locks and mirrors and memory driver seat, these mirrors do power fold in, I always like showing both sides so you know that both sides are working properly and then they do power telescope out and in and once again both sides working properly, take a quick look at the back seats before we started up, back seats are just as clean as the front seats, no rips or tears back here, has the latch child safety system, power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost you get the platinum badges on the backrest back here, factory floor mats, these back seats are heated on the outboard side, you do get a 12 volt power point, two USBs and 110 volt 400 watt max plug-in back here, these seats fold up, there is a storage compartment here, it does collapse down but it's kind of locked into position right now so anyways that does fold down nice and flat and to get these seats down you just pull that handle right there, child safety locks on the back doors and the inside and bottoms of the doors all look very nice on this truck, show you the tire and loading information sticker as long as I'm standing here and then the vins sticker, we'll hop inside check out the miles, the radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior, you can see that this one has this one has 55,749 miles, you get the nice digital instrument cluster on there and that is very nice and clean, comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel, you get bluetooth and audio controls on the right, cruise controls, information center controls and then your adaptive cruise controls on the left and this steering wheel is heated, you get the six speed automatic transmission, you get the sync eight inch radio, AM, FM, Sirius satellite radio capabilities and this one does have a CD player, you get all your climate controls here including your heated steering wheel, you have all your you have your factory navigation system on here as well, there's highway 41 so that is working nicely, up here is your factory exhaust brakes, stability control, downhill assist, lane departure and then that's for your 360 camera and other cameras on here including your cargo cam which works nicely as well so those are all in really nice condition, you get the Sony premium sound system and lastly you have all your different apps on here including Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, has ambient lighting controls there as well, down here is your turned off four-wheel drive factory brake controller, CD player dual climate controls, heated and cooled seat buttons, down here is two USBs and then your cup holders, you get two cup holders and now you get four cup holders so that's my magic trick for the day, keyless entry with remote start and power drop down tailgate, 12-volt power point, 110 volt, 400 watt max plug-in, dual glove boxes and the passenger side floor mat and seat are in fantastic condition as well, smells very clean inside this truck, I don't think it's ever been smoked and you get these second-row fixed glass, front power sunroof, vista-roof, six auxiliary up-fit switches, power slide and your window button, map lights, sunshade and sunroof controls and then your home link buttons are right there for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, we'll start it up and take a look under the hood also check out all those LED lights in the front, starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that other than my hood's open, I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality condition options and cleanliness of this truck there your LED side lights and those front LED lights are very bright including the fog lights there, all the cab lights are working as well and under the hood we have the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine, engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth, once again this truck has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off in our Wisconsin safety inspection and this truck is 100% ready to go, there is the emissions sticker and I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint, I can see a single dent on it and to see more pictures of this truck and one or other 550 new and used cars, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, do you name it we got it, go to that website right there, summonauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summonauto.com if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summonauto, in fact in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left to link to more F-250 videos I've done in the upper right, link to this vehicle on our website and lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right, click those check us out we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2018 Ford F-250 crew capture of Fox Platinum in Ruby Ride Pro Code, thanks again for checking out the video remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel I really appreciate it, thanks again


Okay, so I'm Pamela Vickers. I hope you all are having a really great time at RailsConf, I know I am. Do you all remember when this article was just all in your timeline, if you're on Twitter? People loved it, people hated it, you basically only had a really strong opinion about it. And basically, Jeff Atwood was asserting that all of these big efforts for everyone to learn to code are fundamentally flawed because it assumes that more code in the world is an inherently desirable thing. It assumes that coding is the goal. It puts the method before the problem. It assumes that adding naive novice, not even sure they like this whole programming thing coders to the workforce, is a net positive for the world. And finally, it implies that there's a thin, easily permeable membrane between learning to program and getting paid to program professionally. So if you read this whole thing, some of these points hold some water, but it largely reads as if there's government checkpoints stopping you, making sure you've done your yearly hour of code. But the thing is, the last two points stood out to me because it had nothing to do with people not learning to code. It had to do with how we welcome new coders into the workforce or into the community. So people who really kind of understand who these people are, the people that are learning, kind of didn't like the post at all. If you know Zed Shaw, he really only likes things or hates things. So he wrote a blog post that says, please don't become anything, especially not a programmer. Dramatically disagrees with Jeff Atwood. And the people who agreed, I really only saw them in the comments because I don't go to places like Hacker News where I might see agreement, but most of them probably from what it sounded like, just only know about these new people in the abstract. They've heard of hour of code and they're like, that's weird, but they don't know anyone personally. So these new learners, they aren't just drones typing meaningless words into terrible websites, they're people with ideas and life experiences and just value. And our community is only really going to benefit by welcoming them. So I'm certainly not saying that everyone should learn to code, but that anyone should be able to. And how we as more experienced people in the industry greet these new learners will shape the kind of developers that they can become. They need us as much as they need, as we need them. So the journey to becoming a good developer is really a shared adventure between the learners and the teachers. And helping them get over the first major hurdle is really key to their continued learning. And this is kind of what it can look like. So meet Tenderfoot. She's going to be the character that we follow to see what the average experience of someone learning this really difficult thing can be like. And of course, there's different variants to the story, but I think most people have gone through at least all of these stages. So her ultimate goal is to scale this mountain. But she's starting down here. She's going to have to get through multiple levels before achieving her goal. And each level represents a stage in her learning. 1970 psychologist Noel Birch described these stages. They are unconscious incompetence, where you don't know what you don't know. Or the dark and foggy forest. Conscious incompetence, where you know what you don't know. Or the valley before the climb. Conscious competence, where you know what you know. Aka the steeply sloping ascent. And unconscious competence, where you don't know what you know. Or the hazy and lofty clouds. So this forest on the other side of the canyon, that's where Tenderfoot begins. That's level one, the dark and foggy forest. Tenderfoot can't even see the mountain from where she is. She knows in theory that there is a mountain probably, but it's so dark and foggy, she can't even tell if she's in a cave. She has to find her way out of the forest to even get to the canyon. Yeah, dark and foggy forest. Quick reminder. So this is often where beginners first search for something like, how do I learn to code? So meet Tenderfoot's companion, Bangle. Tenderfoot can ask Bangle any question. Bangle will answer with what information it can find, but doesn't really have any context or knowledge of Tenderfoot's end goal. So Bangle can be helpful, but when you don't even know what to ask, not quite as helpful. So as Tenderfoot goes further on her journey, she'll become more familiar with how to rely on Bangle. But early on, Bangle's almost burdensome. Much like Scarecrow from Wizard of Oz, when Tenderfoot asks Bangle, how do I learn to code? She's told many different conflicting things. That's funny. Of course, people do go both ways. Unfortunately, Tenderfoot at this point must decide on her first few steps, just completely on her own. Raven Covington and Elana Rails girl member, I think she's here, once told me, as I began learning, I found there's so much great content out on the internet, which is both awesome and overwhelming. It was difficult for me to chart my own path and figure out where to go next. So Tenderfoot, like Raven and Dorothy, must eventually just pick a direction, somewhat arbitrarily, and just pursue it. If someone's in the middle of a dark forest trying to cross a canyon and then climb a mountain, they must first get out of the forest. Whether they turn right or left and just start walking, they'll eventually reach the edge of the dense trees. And if they fall along the tree line, they'll eventually spot the mountain, at least hopefully. So Tenderfoot chooses direction in the dark and does just that. Step by uninformed step, she makes her way to the edge of the trees. So let's talk a little bit more about the mountain. The mountain on the other side of the deep canyon is like most mountains. It slopes up into the clouds and we, more experienced developers, are climbers or goadalers or whoever on the mountain at different points. The tip top of the mountain is where those on level four reside. They are the unconscious competence crowd. They don't remember climbing the mountain. In fact, they don't even know they're on a mountain. All they know is their life in the cloud and are pretty happy that way. Sometimes, one will wake up, stretch and take a stroll down to visit the other folks. But these are the special people. These are the ones who can remember the path that they took to get to the peak and can retrace it back down. Sometimes, they'll go and visit. So they are by some learning models on the fifth stage of learning, which is called reflective competence or, hold on, conscious competence of unconscious competence. Remember that one. It's likely you've worked with someone that's been in this level for a community. They are knowledgeable and experts at their craft. They can advise on which tool or technology to use and they give really good code reviews. But when it comes time to explain something maybe a little bit more fundamental, they kind of struggle. They've known their craft for so long, they don't remember learning it. Occasionally, you'll get the privilege of working with someone who's more advanced than the level five. They're the best teachers, the best mentors. They're thoughtful about how to describe things and are patient to let you catch up after describing it. Others on the mountain community kind of cycle between level two and level three, conscious and competence, and conscious competence. Many enjoy climbing and repelling back down to climb back up again. They're learning and relearning, sometimes in groups, sometimes on their own. But these mountaineers, they visit the edge of the canyon fairly often to see who might be on the other side. So if we were to pin your location somewhere on the mountain, where do you think you would be? If you feel like junior to mid-level, you probably feel somewhere between level two, maybe level three, cycling between conscious incompetence and conscious competence, always on a steep learning curve. If you're more senior, you'll probably drop your pin somewhere towards the top. And maybe some of y'all are self-aware to know that you live in the clouds and you don't remember. But I think most of us should strive to be a part of the level five community, able to mingle at the top with the more senior people, but making routine visits down below in order to help guide others up. So back to Tenderfoot, she's rambling through a dark forest. It's not scary per se, but it is vast. Stephanie Murillo described this feeling well when blogging about learning how to program in Ruby on Rails. She says, Rails isn't easy, it's approachable. So this realization helped her through some things when she was feeling like she was struggling a little bit too much. And the more experienced people, if we remember that this is actually the truth, it will help us when we are working with others to not discourage them when they are struggling. So Tenderfoot's been asking Bengal for help with basic directions, with achieving her ultimate goal. She's learning a little JavaScript, some Python, some Ruby on Rails, some HTML, some CSS. She's filling her knapsack with lots and lots of items. They're heavy, they're getting mixed up, it's just a big garbled mess. She'll try to reach in and grab one, she grabs the wrong one, she doesn't even know, because she doesn't even know why the things are in her bag in the first place. So her route via Bengal is imperfect and indirect, but she eventually finds her way to the edge of the forest. She steps out of the dark forest and sees a glimmer of light. She hikes up to the canyon ledge and sees a couple of mountaineers on the other side. She gets excited, this must be where things get easier. She tries to get their attention, but they don't seem to notice her. So she writes a note on a paper airplane and flies it across. She's really good at making paper airplanes. She says, hi new friends, how do I get across this canyon? Thanks. And then she waits. So we've all seen this, right? The uninformed question on the stock overflow, the overeager questioner in IRC or a Slack channel. Perhaps you've been like 10 to foot yourself asking something huge when trying to get initial direction, but it's vague and just too big of a question. But just think, this could be a person's first contact with the developer community. I think that's really alarming. I've browsed a bit of the subreddit learn programming and it's a pretty supportive community, but even the well-intentioned people on there who are trying to help can have discouraging messaging. So let's say 10 to foot have written this post. I want to really dig into programming, but I'm feeling a bit overwhelmed. They say, I read posts here and I'm absolutely lost in the amount of technical jargon and such. More than jargon, I'm worried about the mathematical aspects of programming. I've struggled for most of my educational career, including an up to my two years at a local college with anything beyond advanced algebra. I've changed a lot since then, as far as how I think, so I might just have to give it another try. Can anyone give me some insight into what level of math I should be proficient in or expected to be proficient in if I want to go anywhere with programming? So much like a lot of beginners, this person was learning JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and Python all at once. So the top vote of reply was long, obviously well thought out, but it began with a series of questions. They asked the first thing you want to do is take a look at yourself. Do you like math? Do you like logic problems? Are you good at breaking complex problems into parts? If you answered yes to one or more of these, keep reading. If that stuff sounds like a drag, please save yourself some time and look into something else. That is all that programming is, and if you delve deeper, you will find just that. So the well intended reply actually ended with some great advice, but if you're already feeling overwhelmed and flailing, it's not a very encouraging answer. On the other hand, Sarah May wrote a blog post about when she was first starting RailsBridge and she discovered that programming is not math. So imagine if Tenderfoot had heard from Sarah May instead of the well-intentioned redditor. She writes, people came because they wanted to learn how to make websites. Because of those motivations, the curriculum had virtually no math. And this is what finally did it for me. The students I saw all adults came from a wide range of backgrounds. People with a math background did fine, of course, but people with a heavy language background often did better. I saw this curious effect again while working with high schoolers with a similar curriculum, bilingual kids often took to programming more easily than monolingual kids. So I finally figured it out, programming is not math. So what a difference, right? So let's try to treat every paper airplane that we encounter like a delicate paper crane. We should craft kind and sensitive encouraging replies, because our reply might be the first and the last that our Tenderfoot receives. So our Tenderfoot is waiting on her reply. She's reading and typing away, learning all of the things without really learning anything when she gets a reply. Haven't you heard of a bridge? She suddenly feels pretty dumb. Maybe the people on the other side aren't that excited to help her. Another Tenderfoot redditor wrote a post that asked, why are experienced programmers so hostile toward beginners? They said, it's usually assumed that I haven't done my own research, which is never the case. For every helpful reply, it seems that I'll get four or five useless replies attempting to call me out from my own laziness. Out, that really would hurt. If we were playing a video game, I think we would lose health points when we would receive a reply like that. But without considering actual humans asking the questions, it's really easy to fall into the trap of laughing at jokes like this. I don't know if you remember this one, but it's how do I do the thing? I'm not aware of how to use Google. First one's lazy functional answer. And this gets retweeted a lot. I see it all the time. And then just last week, this XKCD comic was really popular. And it's so mean. It's code shaming and condescension as comedy. So we got to cut that out, but that's a whole nother topic. So fortunately, the reply that Tenderfoot received is really just smug, not that aggressive. But another paper airplane arrives and it says, are you asking how to build a bridge? Someone feels a little bit better, but it still isn't very helpful. So what could Tenderfoot do better when writing her own paper airplane messages? Sock overflow has a guide asking good questions. And the main points are golden rule. Imagine you're trying to answer the question, provide enough context like version numbers of tools you're using, database types, frame the problem. So tell your smaller and larger goal and avoid the XY problem where you ask about the solution instead of the problem. And provide sample code and data when relevant and don't include everything. And then finally, take time to write something articulately. What Sock overflow doesn't say is that you should kind of keep the same things in mind when providing the perfect answer. So again, imagine you're receiving the answer, provide enough context. Frame the answer well. So include your thought processes and how you've got to the solution that you are proposing. Provide sample code and data. Again, don't include everything. And take time to write something articulately. A really great talk about this was given recently by Sasha Landy about giving and getting technical help. And I just think everyone should watch it. But she provides a script to asking good questions. So my current understanding is this. I expect to see this here, but instead is doing this. What's going on? Or I want to do this. And I'm trying it by this. What do you think about this approach? So Tenderfoot takes a moment before writing her next note. This time she says, hello, I've just found this canyon and I would like to cross it. I don't know how wide or how deep it is, but I see that some of you have made it across. Can you tell me what you did in order to get there? I would like to build a bridge, but I'm not sure what materials to use. So she lists the item she has and sends a new plane right back across. This time her reply is a little bit more helpful. Hi Tenderfoot, crossing the canyon is super easy. All you need to do is grab your foo and then bar the baz. Make sure you don't baz the bar or else the foo will be sizzle. See you soon. Have you ever heard the phrase drinking from the fire hose? Much like Tenderfoot, it's easy to get lost as a new learner in all of the terms, among all of the other things you're trying to absorb. So this image is so big we have to look at it in pieces, but it's what people are actually learning when learning Ruby on Rails. So we have web stuff, we have OS stuff, database, deployment, command line, text editor, we know that that's really important to argue about early on. Ruby languages, how to manage Ruby, how to do Rails. We have version control testing, agile processes with a capital A, like that's pretty easy, right? So calling things easy or simple or saying you just do the thing is disingenuous and can cause confidence loss. When you're drinking from the fire hose, literally nothing is easy. So when we drop these phrases from our vocabulary when helping, it helps things go a lot better. But does this also mean we should change the words we use? Like isn't a string always a string? Sarah Simon, a graduate of Turing School and former art student and English major, wrote down some of her biggest takeaways at the end of her time there. And unsurprisingly, one of her main points was about gaining fluency. So she says trying to understand something without having the vocabulary to speak coherently about it is a lost cause. So, oh sorry. Pay your dues and learn the system before anything else. By building fluency, you'll allow connections to fall naturally into place. Then with fluency, you'll be able to do incredible things. There's responsibility on both sides of the canyon. When mentors provide context and definitions, when using programming specific terms and ideas, they remove presumption and provide illumination. And when mentees catalog and learn new terms and acronyms, they're able to receive more specific, precise, helpful answers. So Jennifer spent some time parsing the latest note. She has bingo for helping translate some of the message and eventually some of it begins to make more sense to her.  All you need to do is grab your foo and then borrow the baz. She looks in her knapsack but she doesn't have a foo available to borrow the baz. Getting tools and environments set up, even as an experienced developer, feels at best tedious and at worst impossible. Installing tools to install other tools and dependencies. It starts to feel like installationception. Anyone who's volunteered at an install fest at, say, Rails Bridge or Rails Girls Workshop has probably encountered some difficult setups. And some of the ones I've seen are partial, previous installations, double installations, weird OS decisions, ancient OS, ancient machines, viruses, dimension malware. Why do we see these things all the time? Well, it's because not only does someone need to know what to install, they have to figure out how to install it along the way. Again, Stephanie Murillo or Ruby 1 Kenobi, she jokes that the first time some people see anything in the command line, it just looks straight out of the matrix. That's the first time they've seen it. And so when things go right, it can be confusing. When things go wrong, it's confusing and discouraging. So if we let our frustration get the best of us, they can really feel ostracized by that. And so when we have these kind of encounters, it can make them feel terrible. And I've done some of these things so I know that they happen. So we have a difficult question. How do we get RVM installed on my 1995 ThinkPad?  Get a new MacBook Pro. Another difficult question. I'm having issues installing something on my Windows or Linux machine. Any ideas why? Here's another horrible answer. Because everything's harder on Windows and Linux. So what we're saying is this is hard. I'm not enjoying it. You're making my life difficult, and your life will be more difficult as a programmer because of your computer. So don't do this. Instead, use these difficult installations to show that experienced programmers, much like this kitten, encounters difficult things all the time. And you can teach them how you troubleshoot and how you read the actual error message. And you get bonus points if you have to ask someone else to show that this is just a part of the experience. So back to Tenderfoot. She still doesn't have a foo. She looks for one without any luck. She asks Bengal, where do I get a foo? But Bengal only offers, did you mean, where do I get some food? So given her experience with questions before, she waits a really long time trying to figure it out. Defeated, she finally sends another message. Sorry, what is a foo? Can't seem to find one. Sorry to ask so many questions. The reply she gets, oh goodness, did I say a foo? I'm going to say a Norf. Have a great day. So here we have Tenderfoot having wasted precious, precious daylight hours hunting for a foo when she actually needed a Norf. When we have tutorials with out-of-date information or assume that someone's using a Unix shell, we can cause them so much mental consternation. Being careful with the helpful information we put out into the world falls under the same category as writing code for the developer who's going to find it later. It's common courtesy. And when we give half answers to questions, we can send new learners in the wrong direction for an indefinite amount of time. If you missed Kylie Stradley's talk yesterday, I'm sorry, but you're just going to have to watch the video. And it's great because she talks about some of these common mistakes that if we were maybe a little bit more open about the mistakes we've made, we could save beginners from making. So checking in when possible can help prevent that. Just by asking, did that work for you, might save them hours of time. So Tenderfoot now, armed with this new updated correct information, uses Bingal to correctly identify and find a Norf. Yay. So she reviews and revises her instructions. Grab your Norf and borrow the Baz. With some help from Bingal and a few informative searches later, what is a bar? What is a Baz? How do I borrow? How do I borrow the Baz? She meticulously, carefully borrows the Baz. She looks up and sees a single step has appeared on her side of the canyon. She waits and nothing else happens. She's one step closer but only one step of many. She timidly writes another note and flies it to her friends. I've successfully borrowed the Baz. I have a step in my bridge now. Thank you so much. What do I do now to finish my bridge? Shortly a reply, right? Great news. Now just keep at it. You have to borrow a lot of Baz's to finish building your bridge across this canyon. See you soon. So she borrows the Baz again. Other stuff appears. Bars the Baz again. Other stuff appears. So what is she doing now? If we borrow ideas from the five levels of psychomotor skills, we can say that she's in the first couple of steps where there's imitation, where she's observing and patterning behavior after someone else, where performance may be of a low quality. And manipulation, where she's listening to instruction and performing it from that. Back in Reddit land, a Tenderfoot Redditor asks, is it okay if I'm successfully going through code academy lessons while not fully understanding some of them? I'm about halfway through the Python course and it's not quite clicking yet. I've not been having any problems with any of the lessons, but sometimes I'll type the code in and it will be correct, but I'll not understand why it worked. Should I just keep going and not worry about fully understanding it until I have more of a grip on the language? As Tenderfeet began to build their bridge across the canyon of cognizance, they're gaining consciousness of their own incompetence. They're quickly learning when they don't know something and what they do not know. This Redditor recognizes that a piece of understanding is missing, but can't quite identify what that piece is. Hold on. It's going to figure it out. Yeah, okay. Yeah, okay. This mix of imitation and manipulation around the halfway point between unconscious incompetence and conscious incompetence is where some of the more obvious aha moments or maybe duh moments start to occur. Again, Raven Covington, a member of Rails Girls said that, yep, that's that side, that's that side. She said, when I was using code academy, I didn't realize how easily you can type something wrong and break your program. It seems obvious to me now, and I fixed the problem by asking someone at a weekend install fest as missing a comma or something. So despite code academy having hints, she said it didn't occur to her at the time that the computer needed to know exactly what she needed it to do. So Eric Michael's over, I think summed it up the best. Zetzal describes this necessary repetition that we're seeing to get across the bridge in the intro of his book, Learn Code the Hard Way. He says, keep at it, force yourself. If you run into a study drill you can't do or a lesson you just don't understand, skip it, come back to it later. Just keep going because with programming there's this very funny thing that happens. At first you will not understand anything. It'll be weird, just like learning any human language. You'll struggle with words, not know what symbols are what, and it'll be very confusing.  So some of Tenderfoot's repetition can get a little lonely, but there's just some things she's going to have to figure out on her own. She'll have to have her own ah-ha in her own duh moments. She's counting on the bang, now I get it, as Zetzal is promising. With each of these ah-ha and duh moments, she's inching her way across the canyon. She's learning what she has to learn. She's learning the ABCs so she can then learn how to read, but once she's learning how to read, she'll be halfway up the mountain. She'll be rotating in and out of imitation and manipulation and creeping into the territory of developing precision, where one can reproduce a skill with accuracy and exactness, usually performed independently. So with her head down, focusing on all the bazes she has to bar, she's steadily getting across the bridge. She has vocabulary, tools, resources, the ability to ask better questions, all these things in her knapsack. She has people on the other side who, to answer her paper airplane, messages, and she sees a goal. The mountain is finally in view. She'll have to continue barring the baz, but by the time she gets to the other side, she has more informed questions. What happens if I baz the bar? How bad is a bazizal? I know I needed to know, but what if I used a foo? She might not even understand the answers, but that's for the next stage of her learning. That's what will propel her further. So she's about to take her first step onto the safer, brighter side of the canyon. The challenges there are a little different. She'll have peers, which means more community to learn with, but also competition, because aside from basically learning everything, most developing developers have something else on their mind, and that's, how do I get hired with my new skill? More senior developers need to be careful, again, with the advice we give. It needs to be actionable and practical, not theoretical. A former coworker of mine remembers being told that she should do all of the project oiler problems and to start a company so that she could put CTO on her resume to show off her world-class experience to would-be employers. I've seen other would-be junior developers come to ATL rug, our local Ruby users meet up, and ask questions. How do I get hired? They wrote lots of code. They went to all of the hack events, but they still remained without a job for way too long. It's incomplete to only suggest, write lots of code, and go to hack events. This lacks the insight about what it means when a company hires a junior developer. Doing project oiler problems and attending hack events is just busy work in the absence of building relationships with companies and developer communities. Her Bucka Paulson, a new developer at Kickstarter, summed it up really well. She said companies who have decided to hire juniors have decided to take a risk. You have to connect personally to be the one they take that risk on. So how can junior developers make this connection? The advice I recommend is in addition to writing lots of code, get involved with the developer community, really involved. Help the meet-up organizer set up and clean up. Volunteer to give a talk, even a lightning talk. Volunteer at events. You'll hear about opportunities for internships or junior positions. You'll hear about them first, and then you'll have colleagues to give you both references, advice, and encouragement. Steering soon to be developers to a community and not just a network will help them find their footing and help them find companies that will nurture them in the next step of learning. When people can picture you as a person and as a potential teammate and not just a random resume, they can work harder to find you a place on their team. Again, Rebecca Paulson gave a really good talk about what companies can do once they have juniors on their team or to prepare for juniors on their team. So lots of very, very actionable advice there. So given the meaningful connection she's already made with the people on the other side of the canyon. I think our tender fit is going to do pretty well. Yeah, it's pretty exciting. If the Canyon of Cognizants were a board game, we're about to add the Pioneer Expansion Pack. Tenderfoot has to accomplish the same things, but without any help from the other side of the canyon. This time, Tenderfoot is the first to find her way to a forest, stumble to the ledge of the canyon and figure out how to get across. She doesn't see anyone on the other side. No one she identifies as a friendly face, as a helper, as someone who has made it already. She has no confidence she can get across. If no one else has, why should she be able to? What does this look like in the real world? It probably looks something like this, the gender breakdown at some top tech communities, and this is for technical positions there. Or this, this is the racial breakdown and tech positions at the same companies. So as bad as that looks, just imagine how that feels. When a Tenderfoot falls into one or maybe even more of these categories, she probably won't find someone on the other side as a beacon of success. No one that she'll recognize is, hey, that could be me one day. No one she knows will respond to a message if she sends one, so she might not even bother. Stephanie Magdalia Pai Herrera wrote about the importance of seeing someone familiar and recognizable early in the learning process. She says, prospective and current students need to be able to see people like them in interview rooms and in classroom podiums. We need to know that at every level of these organizations, from board rooms to HR, they're women of color who understand our needs and concerns and can advocate them for a meaningful way. The value of this kind of presence is immeasurable. Knowing that that kind of presence is still all too rare, many established, previous pioneers are working to improve this. The founder of Coding While Black, Dominic Imlidel, says he started the group as an answer to those who say there's a lack of black workers in the technology community, asserting we are here and they want to be found and to be seen. So after seeing no one on the other side of the canyon for far too long, imagine the joy and relief that Tenderfoot would feel someone finally appeared. If that presence was finally visible. Ashley Nelson Hornstein wrote a blog post about one of her newly discovered heroes, Annie Jean Easley an African American computer programmer who worked for the national advisory community for aeronautics later NASA from the 1950s to the 1980s. Ashley learned about Annie Jean Easley via Twitter and once she found out about her she couldn't stop talking about her to other women of color. She writes, having visible examples of people who look like you in an aspirational professional field is powerful. By merely existing, these examples prove there's an achievable pathway to that field. Ashley talked to many of her friends about Easley's life and even got to meet Dr. Yvonne Kegel NASA astronaut and when Ashley showed Dr. Kegel a photo of Easley she said that Dr. Kegel had a tangible emotional reaction. Annie Jean Easley was a pioneer. She figured out her own way through the forest and across the canyon but since Easley was not visible Dr. Yvonne Kegel had to be a pioneer as well when she was building her own bridge towards becoming an astronaut. So what can be done as a community to improve visibility to aid our tender feet? Whether you find yourself in an under or overrepresented group how can we improve the bridge building process? Groups and events like Cody while Black Rails Girls Rails Bridge AlterConf many many others they help members of underrepresented groups find familiar faces. These smaller focus groups act as beacons and can be visible from across the canyon. Just this Monday we had a Rails Bridge workshop with 25 volunteers and 50 students. We had a great time all together especially because there were no tornadoes but more importantly many of our volunteers and organizers not too long ago were Rails Bridge or Rails Girls students themselves. Now many of them are full-time developers or starting internships. Outreach events work and that's just in our own little Atlanta community and yes we did get a discount on our cake for misspelling it Rails Girls but I can fix it there we go. So hopefully now more and more pioneering tender feet can send a paper airplane to someone they identify with and recognize. So let's ask ourselves who are we lifting up to make it visible in our community in your local developer community what events are we funding and helping promote and are we from our mountain of competence sending the right messages and responses to these new would-be members of our community whether they're a pioneer or not each message we craft whether in person or online should recognize the difficulty of the journey they've begun and with each well-crafted message and interactions we're helping tender feet bridge that treacherous canyon we're helping them overcome that first major obstacle of many on their learning path with each bridge built across the canyon our mountain community grows with each bridge built we're gaining traveling companions and who have different experiences and different skill sets the upcoming obstacles we'll face might be completely new to to you or to me but maybe something familiar to our new companions we can solve new and exciting problems together we just have to get them across first thank you very much so I want to thank my co-worker and friend Tam for doing these little doodles for me and helping me realize tender foots to potential so I'm like right at 40 minutes so I don't have time for questions please ask me questions tell me stories in the hallway you can find me on the internet basically everywhere I'm regretting my username for the rest of my life because I don't know how to tell you how to say it ponola, onola, ponela, onela I don't know but I'm basically everywhere except for a warhammer forum from years ago but it's probably not active anymore that one's not me don't know who that is so so I want to thank Blue Bottle and Rails Girls for being like the best part of my developing life and yeah that's all I have for you today


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says divide 4x square y plus 10xy plus 16xyq by 2y. So in this question we have to divide the given polynomial by the given polynomial. Let's see the solution now. You are supposed to divide the polynomial 4x square y plus 10xy plus 16xyq by the monomial 2y. So for doing this we need to divide each term of this polynomial by the given monomial. So this would be equal to the first term of the polynomial that is 4x square y by the monomial 2y plus the second term of the polynomial that is 10xy by the monomial that is 2y plus the third term of the polynomial 16xyq by the monomial 2y. We already know to divide a monomial by another monomial. So now 2, 2 times is 4, this y cancels with this y and we are left with x square multiplied by 2. So this is equal to 2x square plus now here 2, 5 times is 10, this y cancels with y and we are left with 5x plus this 2, 8 times is 16 and here we have 8xy square plus 4x square y plus 10xy plus 16xyq minus the given polynomial is divided by the monomial 2y and the result obtained is equal to 2x square plus 5x plus 8xy square. So this is our final answer. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


to take my ochre color that's in the Pacific Northwest palette. I'm gonna mix a little bit of the yellow gouache with it, which is a very bright primary yellow. Brighten it up a little bit, but it will also make it a little bit more opaque. Okay, clean off my brush, grab just a little bit of that, and I'm gonna put that in the sky a bit. Let me get these wonderful sort of yellow, pink, and purple skies when the sun is setting up here where we are in Oregon, and they're just so pretty. I'm always trying to capture them in my painting. I'm just dabbing the color on, and I'm trying to suggest shapes now. If I don't like the shapes that I suggested, or I think the color is too dark, I can go back in again with some of the white gouache, and I'm just dabbing, and I'm not dabbing over all the yellow, just some of it. I'm gonna grab some of the red that's in here in that Pacific Northwest palette, which is a dark sort of burgundy red. I'm gonna rinse off my brush, and try to grab some of the yellow that I made, and bring it over to that red, and make sort of something that's more pink, orangey peachy. And we'll do the same thing in the sky that we did with the yellow. And again, rinse off the brush, grab some of the white. White gouache is the fabulous thing now I have. Different variations of white gouache in a lot of my watercolor palettes, because it is a handy paint to have when you're painting and trying to do these kind of things. But as a mixed media artist, I also just get sometimes my white paint pen and my white gel pen involved, if I feel like I need to. I'm gonna go back in with some of the red while things are still wet. I'm also going to add a little bit of this teal-y color to the red. Let's see what happens if it just turns brown. No, it's still too green. Let's put, let's see, more red. There we go. I want something that's a little more purple. Again, with the white, I'm gonna switch to one of my round brushes. I'm gonna choose the number two round. I think it's number two, yeah, number two round. I have a purple in here that's a dark dioxazine purple. I believe that's the purple that's in here. And I'm gonna mix that with stuff that's already on here. It is an m-gram purple, so it is very super pigmented. So after you get some on there, just be careful how much you stick on here. Now, the working on the watercolor ground, it's not as absorbent as your paper, so it is a little easier to lift things. This is always the case. I'm just adding suggested shapes in. I'm gonna go back to my yellow. I always like to do my skies and my backgrounds before I do the foreground. I don't like to have to go back and touch up the sky. It does happen, but it's easier to do on acrylic than it is in watercolor. I think I'm happy with that mostly as I go back and add white. I don't want to lose all the marks I just had. I just want to diffuse some things a little bit. Just go in now with some water, blend that out a little bit. You'll see how that white, it just covers up, for the most part, covers up things underneath it. And if you have parts that were you like that, it's just way too dark. I don't like that. The white will work. White acrylic paint will work too, but then you might not be able to watercolor over the top of it. Let's give that a dry, shall we? Okay, just like when we did the other painting, let's do something similar. So I'm going to start with lighter version of the colors I've been using. I'm going to add some white gouache over here in a corner so I can get sort of a light blue gray color. Okay, and we are going to, but first we're going to make that a little more blue. It's not very blue. I'm just mixing it with what's on the palette using what's here. So we're going to take our little tiny round brush. I'm going to just do some straight lines. Then I'm going to do the same thing on the other side. Then I'm going to take this brush and I'm going to do some suggestions of land.  I would say clean water, only you, I don't think you can see my water bucket and it's pretty gross. So it is what it is though. We're going to blend the color out a little bit and I'm going to bring some of it down into the water because usually the land is usually reflected in the water. If you don't have enough to blender, it's dried too quickly. Grab a little more. Okay, then I'm going to take, and I'm just going to use the very tip of my brush and I'm going to suggest leaves and branches. Just dabbing, dab, dab, dab. Now if you're working on a bigger painting, this is a little easier to do with a flat brush than it is with a rounded tip brush, but it works. Then I'm going to dry that again. We're going to make a little bit darker color. I'm going to add some more of the green over here and using the darker color. I'm not necessarily going right on top of what you just did, but I want you to do the same thing. Don't cover up the trees that you just made, make new ones. Let's make some new suggestions on the land, carrying some of it down into the water and then back to the dab, dab, dab. Okay, then we're going to dry that again.  I'm going to mix it with some of the blues that are on my palette and make something fairly dark. We're going to do it again one more time. Same thing. Don't put them exactly where you did already, but do the same thing over again. Like in the sample piece, I went back. Now it was gouache, so I don't think this is going to work. Yeah, it's not going to work super well with the watercolor. It is sort of working, but I went back over some parts of like where the land was with a little bit of the yellow because whatever is above the water is usually reflected in the water, right? Not a lot, just a little bit. You can add, when I did the sample, I added some birds, which is fun. So take the darkest color that you've made and just do these little, now that bird is like, so let's do that again. But see, if that was watercolor paper, I wouldn't necessarily be able to lift that completely. Okay, I'm going to give that a dry. I'm going to go in with a white paint pen. Gel pens don't usually want to write over watercolor easily, but especially I think when you have this ground on a piece of canvas, I think that's just asking a lot of your gel pen.  Maybe add some light reflection on your trees. You don't have to do too much, just make suggestions. It does a lot to brighten up the piece like that. So in answer to everybody's question, including mine, can you watercolor on fabric? Yes, you can. Is it easy? Well, no, not really, but it is possible and it is a lot of fun. I'd love to see what you guys can do with this. Now we will be taking this and incorporating this into a slow stitch piece and that will be in a future video, so watch for that. But this was a lot of fun. I am going to look forward to doing this more, I think. So what do you all think? I'd love to know. Let's start a conversation in the comments below if you want to share what you're doing over on Facebook. I have a Facebook group, A Life of Art and Self Expression. You're welcome to join. I'll put the link in the description, which also contains my happy mail address and ways to support the free content here on YouTube and over in the Facebook art groups by either shopping in my Etsy shop or there's a PayPal tip jar or Amazon affiliate links. There's all kinds of stuff, so check it out. And I'm not the only creative who provides free content here on YouTube and in the Facebook art groups that has a way to support the free content, almost all of them do, so check out their video descriptions. If you can't find a way to support your favorites, ask. They probably haven't. Maybe they're just not advertising it for some reason. But yeah, do ask. Don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.  And I'll see you later. Bye, guys.


Crew rocker Nicky Six most recently snagged a newest state in Lake Sherwood, California. His main family residence continues to be in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Six's stunning home in Wyoming was completely redesigned to fit his tastes. Incorporating wood, leather, and animal prints for some edginess, combined with luxury finishes, crystals, and modern touches. Not only is this rock star's home stunning, but he loves the quiet lifestyle in Jackson Hole because it sparks his creativity and is a great place to raise his daughter alongside his wife. No wonder!


A story that could not be told before. The creation of the mightiest striking power in the world, the United States Army Air Forces. DuPont presents Pat O'Brien as Roy Johnson in 200,000 Fliers on the Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things for better living through chemistry. But first, here is Gain Whitman. Now that Johnny is marching home again, there is a great bustle getting his room ready and making the home attractive for his homecoming. For this home decoration problem, DuPont suggests speedy wall finish. Speedy is a resin emulsion paint that you thin with water. It's easy to apply to any interior wall surface with a large brush or roller. It covers dingy-faded wallpaper too. Speedy dries in less than one hour to a beautiful, lasting, oil-type finish. And it costs less than $3 to redecorate the average room in one color. Use speedy when you redecorate. It's speedy and it's easy. It's one of DuPont's better things for better living through chemistry. The DuPont Company presents 200,000 Fliers. Starring Pat O'Brien as Roy Johnson on the Cavalcade of America. In 1939, with the aggressor nations heavily armed for war, this country was training only 550 Fliers a year. And no provision had been made to increase this number.  A general, a few lower-ranking army officers, and eight civilians. One of those eight civilians was a man named Roy Johnson. I'm Roy Johnson. Oh, the name wouldn't mean much to you. I'm just a guy from somewhere out in the Midwest. We had a parade in our town this morning. One of the local boys came back from the war. We paraded him down Main Street in the open car. And people lined the streets and cheered. The high school band was there. It sort of reminded me of myself when I came back from the last war. But all I had was the knowledge of how to fly. That and the girl named Elizabeth. A wonderful girl. I call her Liz. Oh, it's a beautiful night, Roy. And so good to have you home again. Yeah. Gee, the moon looks so closely to do a snap roll over. Don't you ever think about anything but flying? Sure I do. I think about you, and when we're going to be married. Well, if we're going to be married, you'll have to find a job, won't you? Yeah, um, I've been wanting to tell you. Some of the guys in my old outfit, we got an idea. We're going to pick up a few planes. The government's selling them cheap now. We're going out barnstorming. You, you mean you still want to fly? Of course. I'll fly till the day I die. Now, look, the idea is this, Liz. We'll put on air shows at all the fairgrounds, do some stunning, and then get 10 bucks to ride some people who want to fly. Oh, no, Roy. Oh, Liz, it's a wonderful idea. Well, you can get your job back at St. George's Garage. What? Well, you're kind of broken down flippers up to my ears in Greece. No more of that for me. I'm a flyer. I see. Liz, come here. What's the matter, honey? I don't know her. I'm scared. I love you. Roy, please. Try to understand. You'll be going around the country, flying a patched up old plane. I've heard what you call them. Death crates. I don't want to sit around always waiting for someone, never knowing whether you'll come home dead or alive. I want some kind of life I can be sure of. Maybe for you, it's fine. Not for me. Oh, Liz, please.  I just can't go back to that greasy old garage. See if I can only get you to fly. When I fly, it'll be on wings I sprout myself. That's the safest walking, Liz. Roy, I give you a choice. It's me or flying. Now, which is it going to be? Right up. Flying with Roy Johnson is as safe as walking. There's nothing to be afraid of. Anybody can fly. Yeah, how about you, lady? Well, I used to say I'd never fly until I sprouted wings of my own. That must have been before you married Roy Johnson. Yes, I changed my mind. Flying is wonderful.  Of course I am. That'll be $10, please. $10? Would you take three? Another pass to Liz? Yes, but he only wants to pay $3. I'll award, mister. Hey, how much extra to do some fancy flying? $10, we'll give you the works. OK, Liz, here I come. I want to give the folks something to talk about. All right, I'll zap yourself in. We go! Hey, something's wrong. Look at the way them wheels are walking. Look out! How do you feel, Roy? Oh, I'm OK, Liz. Her bone's broken, but it's like loss of faith, that's all. Ain't a lot of broken hopes that won't fill in the medical term. How about my passenger? Oh, he'll be OK. Poor guy. Oh, I should have stayed in the grease back at Cena's garage. Well, the crack-up wasn't your fault, Roy. That wheel came off. My fault, all right. So you win, Liz. I'm through with flying. Oh, no, Roy. Oh, I don't care about my own neck, but I might have killed that passenger. Roy, listen to me. You can't quit flying. It's part of you, remember? It's your life. Are you telling me to go on flying? Well, I guess flying has gotten under my skin, too. But what does it get us? Barnstorming, living from hand to mouth. You wanted a home like this. Yes. Yes, I know. Roy, why don't we teach people to fly? Open a school. School? Not stunts, nothing fancy. Just teach people to fly safely. Hey, how about that? Oh, Roy, we could pick out a good town and become part of it. The Roy Johnson Flying Academy. Liz, that's wonderful. You know, I bet there's enough of that old crate left to piece together for a training plan. The Roy Johnson Flying Academy. Wasn't much to look at. I went to the corner of a hangar. That was our workshop, office, and schoolroom. I got hold of a mechanic. All-round flying man named Marty Connors. Tatched together our plane, and we were all ready to go. We had everything. Yep, everything, but no business. So I made talks before high school assemblies, at lunch and clubs, and Marty and I put on flying shows to stimulate interest. And so we got a few students, and they brought others. Young kids were the most eager to fly. Gee, mister, I've been making model planes, and I've read up on flying. Please let me fly. I can do it. Well, I don't know. You better stick with your model planes for a while longer, sonny. Oh, I can fly, and I've got the money, too. How about the mentions from your phone? Dad doesn't mind. What about your mother? Well, you know how mothers are.  Better come and see me in a couple of years. Well, if you won't let me fly, we can let me hang around. Well, if you want to be a grease monkey, it's all right with me. Gee, thanks, mister. Yes, that's the way it was. The younger kids grew up to become fliers under our instructions. Good ones, too. Our flying school continued to grow, but it was a slow process. Liz and I were happy in our little home. We even found the time and the money in 1932 to go to the Cleveland Air Races. There I ran into a German flyer against whom I fought in the last war. His name was Ernst U. Depp. He seemed a bit bored. Oh, this show is all right. Roy, but come to Germany. I'll show you something real. Well, I don't doubt you can, Ernst. Yeah, sure. No country can be so foolish as not to build it their power. Yeah, I'm all for it. Well, but here all we do is put on a race now, then, spend a lot of time talking. The talk is fine, but Germany prepares for war. War? With whom?  Because of Germany's unfortunate position, she might be attacked. Well, I doubt that. There's one thing I do know. We aren't going to fight with anybody. Oh, no, of course not. The United States with your strain? Who would think of fighting the United States? Who would think of fighting the United States?  And so we shot the breeze with them, most of us secure in our dreams of defense power and our smug little feeling of isolation. We went on, eking out a living at the flying school. And with the depression over, business took a sharp upturn. Young America was really air-minded. Last week, trained in our first classes were now instructors. We had a good school with primary training, 12 weeks of advanced flying, a full course of found school. And as we expanded, I saw storm clouds gathering every time I picked up a newspaper. What's the matter, Roy? Something wrong with the school? No, it's every time I read a newspaper. That business in Spain, Germans over there, trying out a lot of new model fighting planes, using the Spanish people for machine gun targets and bombing their cities. Oh, I don't know, maybe being through one war and not extra sensitive to the sound of another. I think it's coming. Why would anybody want to declare war on us? We mind our own business, we haven't made any trouble. I don't know. I see these German flies at the air races. They're different from other flies. They're not flying for the fun of it. They fly for a reason. You get the feeling they're getting ready to fight. And then when they do, it's going to be in the air. You watch. Here we are. We don't have planes, we don't have pilots, nothing. What can you do about it? We ought to be ready. We ought to have the men who know how to fly. We don't want a war, but if it does come an awful big chunk of it, it's going to be in the air, and we ought to be ready. There's really nothing we can do about it, Roy. I'm not so sure, Liz. I've got an idea. And I'm going down to Washington and see if I can't push it through. Arnold, this is Mr. Roy Johnson. How do you do? Sit down, Mr. Johnson. Thank you, General. The lieutenant just told me about your civilian flying school. What's on your mind? Well, sir, I've listened to every speech you've made. Read every word you've written and it adds up to just one thing. We need an air force, and we need it now. You need pilots. You need a lot of pilots. You need them fast. Setting up an army training system is going to take time, and, well, you haven't got time. Go ahead, Johnson. Look, sir, we've got the flying school set up in action, mine and others. While you're building an army training system, you can use our school to start getting your pilots now. Johnson, I've been begging for the chance to use civilian flying schools, and everywhere I go, the answer is always polite and always the same no. Oh. So that's the way it is, huh? I haven't given up. I've lost the first round, but we're going to stay in there punching until people understand two things. One, that we need an air force to protect our homes and our lives. Two, that we haven't got one. 1938, we didn't have an air force. A couple of training planes, a few beat-up bombers, eight dilapidated. Germany had between 9,000 and 10,000 military aircraft and a reserve of 7,000 wars. A new plane is coming off the line at the rate of 1,200 a month. The figures, the statistics, all down there nice and cold. But who was interested in statistics? Well, some men were. General Arnold, for one. 1938, we have 1,600 planes and rank about seventh among the nations of the world in military aircraft. Then, on January 18, 1939, General Arnold testified before the House Military Affairs Committee. Gentlemen, we have exactly one training camp for military pilots. San Antonio, Texas, capacity 550 a year. That is not sufficient. The War Department asked authorization to use the Billions School to build up a broad base of flying instruction extending from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Gentlemen, we need a fighting air force. And we haven't got one. You know it and I know it. Yes, and Germany knows it. You are listening to Pat O'Brien as Roy Johnson in 200,000 Flyers on the Cavalcade of America sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Now we begin the second act of our story with Pat O'Brien as Roy Johnson, civilian air school proprietor. Hours, days, and weeks slip by. Precious time lost. And I wasn't fit to live with it. I'd chanted the bit. I made several trips to Washington, ran up toll call after toll call, talking with other air school proprietors. And then I received a wire to report to General Arnold in Washington. Come on, Roy. I'll help you, Pat. Oh, I ride to Washington and back like I was on a merry-go-round. Only no brass rings.  Yes, it's a stone wall, all right, but not solid, Roy. There's a way to go through. There's someone who'll listen. There's General Arnold. Maybe this time. Sometimes it's enough to break a guy's heart. It's not a question of hearts, Roy. And it's not a question of person's feelings. It's life and death for this country, and you know it. You can't give up now. Oh, come on, Roy. Where is that man who sold me on flying? Okay, Liz. Come here, honey. Give me a kiss for luck, will ya? Oh, we're gonna need luck, Liz. All we can get. I was one of eight surveillance flying school operators who met with General Arnold in his office at the old munitions building on that day in May 1939. Gentlemen, let's spare the fancy talk and get down to business. I'm offered to train aviation cadets in primary flight. That's one-third of their training. I accept that offer. You'll teach them to fly. The Army will provide basic and advanced instruction. Just a minute, gentlemen. There's a joker in the deck. I haven't the funds as yet, and the Army can't guarantee you payment of any kind for such training. Is the offer still good? General Arnold, I don't know about the rest of the boys, but if they get an offer, guarantee or no guarantee, they offer stand. Well, that's fine. But I'm asking you to expend your present facilities and privately finance these expansions. What about that? The offer still stands, sir. I mean it all away. Thank you. Gentlemen, there remains only this to be said. We need your help bed. Not I personally, but the country. I cannot sign a contract with you now, but I hope it's the funds. In the meantime, your schools will receive your first classes on July 1st. I will not let you down, and you must not let me down. If you do, I can only say, God help us all. On July 1st, 1939, I received my first class of 40 aviation cadets. Just about the time Germany marched into Czechoslovakia. That was when Congress authorized the War Department to employ the help of civilian flying school. The bill passed by only two votes. But eight civilian flying school operators couldn't meet the emergency alone. The Army needed the help of more schools. Pilot training program grew. Then in 1940, General Arnold, again, summoned us to Washington. Gentlemen, I have called you all to Washington to emphasize the urgency of the situation. You men are doing a good job, but planes are coming off the assembly lines faster than pilots are being trained to fly them. Your schools must be prepared to train not 50 cadets to a class, but 300. Well, that means more than simple expansion, General. That means more schools and a new school of hangers and runways can't be built for less than a couple of hundred thousand dollars. Well, we've got to take up that kind of money. Sorry, gentlemen, I can only tell you today what must be done. 300 pilots to every class. Well, that's a mighty big order, but we'll do it somehow. On December 20th, 1940, we were called to Wright Field and date in Ohio to sign contracts. Colonel Jacob E. Smart, then a major, talked to us. Gentlemen, this is not a contract. It's a memo. It's going to require you to spend anywhere from 200,000 to $400,000. And all you're going to get is a four-month contract memo that can be canceled within 30 days.  Anybody backing up? All right. Be ready to take your first classes of 300 in three months. Mr. Johnson, on this kind of a contract, I, as a banker, couldn't let you have a nickel. It contains too many non-banking features. Mr. Hansy, I've given General Arnold my word that I'd bill that school. Then you'll have to raise the money some other way. No bank will lend it to you on that day. Our lending match such as you require, Mr. Johnson, can't be billed for less than $75,000.  But if I had the money, I'd give you the green light to go ahead, but I haven't got it. Bob, this is an emergency job. Well, I can't take it for less than $75,000. I wish I could help you, but I can't, and I'm sorry. Roy, you've given General Arnold your word and he's given you his. And you're going to do it if we have to pawn everything we own in the world. Oh, I've already borrowed to the limit on my insurance and the flying academy is mortgaged right up to the hill. Well, I have my diamond ring and a little jewelry. There was something. No, thanks, honey. We need a lot of money, but pawning jewelry won't do it. Here we've worked in this town for years, and what have we got? We've got friends, Roy. People who trust you. Oh, I know. Okay, so the banks won't lend us the money. They'll go to our friends, ask them to let us have whatever they can, money or materials or just labor. We're not asking for favors, Roy. You're trying to help train an Air Force for the country, but it's their Air Force, too, and it's their country. I've told you the need for flyers. Now we need workers and equipment to level the runways, to fill hangers and housing facilities. Hey, Mr. Johnson, I reckon this is going to take a little old-fashioned American law-grooming. Now I'll bring in my faction, my truck, and I'm sure my neighbors will do about the same thing. Now they'll give you a hand after hours, and I'm sure the rest of the boys in our class will do the same. I hope he's no help. The businessmen in this community are with you all the way. Thank you, thank you, folks. I was sure you wouldn't let us down. All right, now let's roll up our sleeves and go to work. Well, thank you. You want this move, Mr. Johnson? Oh, yes. Yeah, fine. And move those boards, too. Yes, sir. We'll be ready to pour concrete here tomorrow, Roy. Fine. Oh, just a minute. I've got to run the office. Marty Connors on the line. Thanks, Liz. Hello. Hello, Marty. Roy Johnson. We need you down here, Marty. We need you to help us train 300 flyers per class. Yeah, yeah, for Uncle Sam. The whole town has turned out, Marty. You have farmers leveling the field, businessmen working, and even the high school kids breaking their backs to get the school ready. You know, for the first big class, I don't know what it'll pay or how long it'll last. All I know is we've got to be ready by the 20th of March. Good. Good. I'll be looking for you. Despite of every handicap, the Army's civilian flying schools, practically without exception, opened on time, and graduated each class on schedule. And the skies from coast to coast echoed the roar of training planes, hundreds of them. Look at them, Liz. Look. Squadrons that cadets flying formations. Just look at those kids. They look so clean up there against the sky. That's our answer to the master race. The aggressor nations with all their power and their lust for conquest will never stop those boys. Two hundred thousand flyers trained to the sky for war and peace. Two hundred thousand American kids headed for new horizons. And you helped train them, Roman. We helped train them, Liz. Proud? Proud. I'll say I'm proud. Proud of them and of our American people. Liz, I'm awfully proud of you. We're turning just a moment with some exciting news. Now, here is Gain Whitman. It's only human to put things off until the last moment. Anti-freeze, for instance. If you live in a part of the country where the temperature drops below freezing, you certainly know you're going to need anti-freeze. If you're like most people, you wait. And then one night it does freeze. And you hop into your car and make a beeline for the nearest place you can buy anti-freeze. The trouble is that when you get there, you may find that a lot of other people have had exactly the same idea. There'll be a whole lot of cars outside the door and everybody will be saying, Jim, let me have some anti-freeze. And say, Jim, I forgot whether I drained out last year's anti-freeze or not. Test it, will you? Now, Jim is short-handed and anti-freeze service includes more than simply pouring a gallon or two of anti-freeze into your radiator. There are probably rust and scum in your cooling system and maybe tiny holes for which anti-freeze can gradually seep away. To do to the job right, Jim should clean out the cooling system thoroughly, then seal it against leaks. Also check the hose and hose connection and tighten the fan belt if necessary. But Jim won't have time to do all those things if you wait until the last minute. You simply have to put in the anti-freeze and let you take your chances. Let Jim get the cooling system ready now when there's plenty of time. Tell him to use Dupont Cooling System Cleanser, which cleans out rust and scale thoroughly. Then put in Dupont Cooling System Sealer to make the cooling system leak-proof. You'll be all ready then for one of Dupont's anti-freeze solutions. ZX, War Emergency Zero or Five Star. Each of these good products will give you double protection, that is, against freezing and also against rust and corrosion. And ZX anti-freeze is non-evaporating. One shot lasts all winter. All of these products for car protection and better, safer driving are Dupont Better Things for Better Living through chemistry. Here is the star of tonight's Dupont Cavalcade, Pat O'Brien. It's a real pleasure, folks, to tell you that a Navy lieutenant recently returned to civilian life from his duties at the Pacific Fleet will make his first civilian appearance on the Cavalcade of America next Monday night. He'll be starred in a wartime spy thriller that happened right here in America and can now be told. He's a very good friend of mine and a swell actor. So, next week, I'll join you in listening to the spy and the killer cycle. Starring Henry Fonda. Cavalcade programs of particular interest to servicemen and women are broadcast overseas through the worldwide facilities of the Armed Forces Radio Service. Pat O'Brien can soon be seen in the Phil Ryan production, Parallel Holiday. The music for tonight's Dupont Cavalcade was composed and conducted by Robert Armbruster. Our Cavalcade play was written by Willard Wiener and was based on his book, 200,000 Flyers. This is Tom Collins inviting you to listen next week to Henry Fonda in The Spy on the Killer Cycle on the Cavalcade of America brought to you by the Dupont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


Hi everybody quick refresher on Python lists. So when we're thinking of lists within Python, those lists are a sequence of elements and what those individual elements are can be just about anything. On this slide I've defined a variable X and it's made up of a list and that list has Alice, Bob, Fran, John, and these are all strings as is indicated by the tick marks, but I've also shoved in there 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, which is an integer and 10.0, which is a float number. So lists can be a mix of different things and usually when you create a list you should have something pop into your head that looks like this where we've got these things in the order that they were created and then associated with each one is what we call the index which is this a particular item's place in that list, but always starting out at zero computer scientists we start at zero when we're counting right so Alice is the at index zero, Bob is at index one, Fran two, John three, one, two, three, four, five, is it four, et cetera, et cetera, okay? So this is the basics of a list and this is one way that you can create a list. So let's look at some really essential list methods that hopefully you've been exposed to before and just brush up on what they do and how they work. So I'm going to switch on over to pie charm again. Okay, let's get it nice and large so everybody can see. All right, so here's my list. Go ahead and copy this in from the slide. One thing to remember about lists is that unlike strings lists are immutable. In other words some of the methods that we're going to talk about will actually change the list that's inside of X, right? As X is done as being manipulated without having to reassign some new thing to X, okay? In many of the methods we will see apply to strings as well. So first things first, the length of the list, well what is going to be the length of the list? What do you think the length of X is? That's just a count of the number of items in the list. Six. There are six items, right? One, two, three, four, five, six. All right. Now the next important thing we'll talk about is subscripting and slicing. Okay, so say I want the first element in the list. Well, the first element in a list lives at index zero, right? And that's Alice. So if we print first here, we should get Alice, right? Alice is the first item in the list. She lives at index zero. I can also just print this directly. No reason. This X with the square brackets and then inside the brackets is the index of the item that we want to return. Think of this as a method call. That's what it is in truth. And it's saying give me the item at index whatever and return it. And that's what's happening there. In python, you can do a neat trick. Which is you can ask for the negative one thing in the list. Well, what is that? Negative one is the last item in the list. Okay? So now what I should get is a print of Alice and then the number 10 dot zero. And that's in fact what I get. And you can manipulate these. You can print out the second to last thing. You can print out the fourth item in the list. Or the fourth indexed item, which lo and behold, these just happen to be the same thing. Okay? This process, this act right here, this is called subscripting. Okay? This is the subscript. All right. We can do other things. We can do what is called slicing. Slicing is a more general form of subscripting. It's taking pieces out. So let's say we just want the first couple of things here. Okay? Let's say we want, actually you know what? Let's start somewhere easier. Let's do, we just want the last two things in the list. Okay? The numbers, these two numbers. But give me, give me what they are from this guy all the way to the end. Well what's the index of this guy? The index of this guy is zero, one, two, three, four. Okay? So let me print out four and then a colon. Okay? What I have gotten here out of the slicing operator is a list. Note the brackets here. This is returning a list and the last two items. So this little operator here, let's start, let's move it. Let's say from index two until the end and run this. So I'm getting everything from index two to the end of the list.  But maybe I don't want everything to the end. Maybe I just want index two and index three. All right? So what I'm going to put here is maybe a little counterintuitive. I'm going to put a four here and let's run it. What I get are Fran and John. Okay? So the way to read this is that the slicing operator is a slice from a start index to an end but exclusive of the end. Okay? So what I'm getting here is, hey, start at index two and go up two but do not include index four. Index four is this. Zero, one, two. Okay? Give me two. Give me three. Up two but not including four. Okay? So this is slicing. This is what I've got here. Maybe also you want everything in the list except the last thing. So here I've got my colon. I have not specified a start position. That means start at zero. It's the same thing as saying this. Okay? But give me up two and including everything except the item at index negative one. What's index negative one? Index negative one is the last item. Alice, Bob, Fran, John, et cetera. Maybe I want everything but the last two items. Okay? X sub with a colon negative two. Up two but excluding everything after index negative two. Okay? So maybe a little confusing. Play with it. Practice with it. It's a very handy tool in Python. It's actually kind of unique to Python in a way. At least it's relatively unique among the most popular programming languages. Very powerful. All right. Moving on. Other things we can do with this list. These methods, by the way, the subscripting, the slicing, all these methods, these next three methods also apply to strings. So you can get parts of strings like print. Let's let's do a string named abcdefg. And let's print from everything but g. Last item, abcdef. All of these operators work on strings as well. All right. Index. Okay, let's do the index. The index returns the index of the first instance of X in a list. So what is the first index of Fran? Well, Fran is at index 012. So I should get a 2 here. Just like we went over with the strings. Same thing for count. Count will return the number of items matching that match whatever you give it here. So there are, oops, I did the wrong thing. Count. So there are one aliases in here. I can also look for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 because that's in the list. There's exactly one instance of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in this list. I could add another one. And it would give me two. All right. Okay. So all these methods, these are just kind of giving you some information about what's in the list. Let me copy this down here just for so we can see what we're working with. We can also modify lists. I guess I don't need that. We can also modify lists, right? Maybe we want to build a list on the fly, say as we're reading data in from a file. That's also pretty easy to do. I'm going to make a list of numbers just for simplicity's sake. So let me initialize an empty list. A list with nothing in it. But my intention here is that I'm going to create something. I'm going to put things in this list. This list is empty. These brackets got nothing in them. Why don't I build up a list of numbers? Let's say powers of 2. Okay. So how many powers of 2 do we want? Four i in range 10. How about 10 powers of 2? What we'll do is we will append here. That's append an element to the end of an existing list. Nums dot append i times 2. So where this will start and once we're done, let's print the value of this list. Okay. Oh, I'm not doing powers of 2. Am I? I'm doing multiples. There we go. A little bit odd. Not exactly what I expected there. That's because I'm being a goober. This is a power of 2. 2 to the i. Oh my goodness. This double star operator's exponentiation. It's saying 2 to the power of i. Well, i is going to go in the range 0 up to but not including 10. If you're not quite clear on how this range function works, you should look it up. It's pretty intuitive. Basically, range returns a list that is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, but not including 10. Okay. So 2 to the 10 is 512. Okay. No big deal. What's important here is that I am appending. I am appending this calculated value. Now notice the append is modifying this list as it goes along. It's building up, building up, building up. And in fact, why don't we print it as it builds up every iteration? Oops. We can actually see it. It builds up. Initially it's empty. Then we've added 2 to the 0 with power. 2 to the 0 is 1. Then we added 2 to the 1. 2 to the 2, 2 to the 3, etc., etc., etc. Okay. So appending modifies our list. Pretty neat. Very useful for, again, whenever we need to build up a list by when we're like, for example, reading in data. Another thing we can do is we can insert items into a list. So right now, my list looks like this. Maybe I want to put the number 3 in here for some reason. Maybe I'm working on a Fibonacci sequence or something. Insert, the way it works is you insert at the index you want. Okay. So first we give it the index. And I want to put 3 right here. I want to put 3 where the 4 is and basically move all these guys down one. Okay. So what I want to do is give it the index of the place I want to insert the number 3. 0, 1, 2. I want to insert the number 3 in order. So I want to insert at index 0, 1, 2, right here, the number 3. Actually, let me put something else there. The name Bob, index 2. There's Bob, right? So I've actually, again, I have modified the list by calling this insert function 1, 2, Bob, and then everything else is there. It's just shifted down a spot. Okay. This does not return anything. Okay. Inserting does not return anything. And if I print this, it will show me none. The word none. That means it's not returning anything. It's modifying in place the list. Okay. Remove. All right. Well, putting Bob in there was a mistake. So let me remove Bob. Okay. When I remove Bob, I inserted Bob and then I removed Bob. He gone again. Okay. Note that remove only removes the first value here that it finds. And if you try and remove something that's not in the list, like Alice, you will get an error. You will get an exception. Okay. So Python will scream at you. All right. Two more methods I want to show you. Popping. Popping you may not have encountered. We will use this a little bit. What popping does is it removes and returns an item by its index. Okay. So let's make a new list. Let's go back here. Let's get this guy. Let's go back and work with this list again. Suppose I want to get rid of the very last element in the list. I don't care what that element is. Just get rid of the last thing. Okay. I can call x.pop. That's going to remove it. And if I print x after this, let me get rid of the stop printing the rest of these folks here. If I remove, run this again. I remove the last element of the list, which is 10. It's gone. Okay. Not to be found. I got rid of it. I can also remove arbitrary things from the middle. Say I want to get rid of Fran. Fran is at index 0, 1, 2. Let me pop 2. It's going to get rid of Fran. Okay. So this is useful. Pop and pop with an index is useful when you want to remove, you know where an item is, but maybe not its value. Whereas remove, you have to know the value of the thing you're trying to get out of there. Maybe you just want to chop off the end of the list. That will be useful in some instances. Okay. Alright. Last thing to show is going to be sort and sorted. Okay. So when we print x, we've got Alice, Bob, Fran, John, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. We can reverse this list by calling x.sort and then printing it. Oh, I cannot sort it. Oh, I'm sorry. I'm thinking of reverse. Okay. So this is illustrative, right? It's yelling at me. I tried to sort this list, but it didn't work. And it's saying type error. This less than operator is not supported between instances of int and string. Oh, well, I've tried to sort this list, but what Python is telling me here is I don't know how to compare numbers to strings. Doesn't work. It also doesn't know how to compare floats to strings. Okay. So it can't sort this list. Let's get rid of just, let's get rid of the numbers and put just the names. Of course, these names are already in order. Let's toss them around a bit. John, Bob, Alice, Fran. Okay. So now they're tossed around a little bit. And when I call x.sort, it takes the original order and reorganizes them. Using if they're all strings is going to do it by an alphabetical comparison. If they're all numbers, it'll do numerical order. Notably here, x.sort changed the list, right? It modified it. When I print out the old list down here, the list, it's changed. It's different. Maybe you don't want to change the list. Okay. Maybe you want a copy of the list that's been changed. The way we can do that is to call this method, which is sorted, or excuse me, this is a function, sorted. It's going to do the same thing, but it's going to return a copy of the sorted list. And it will leave the original list unmodified. Okay. So let me print for you just some original list is this print sorted copy. This original list is still unsorted. So here's my original list. I called sorted on x got the copy of it got the return value of this stored it in y printed that here it is it's sorted. But my original list is unmodified. Okay. This is a little trick that may come in handy. Sometimes you need sorted data, but you want to preserve the original list order. This is a way to do that. Okay. All right. Wow. Lot to digest here. We're going to be working exhaustively with lists in this class. So if it all doesn't sink in, don't worry about it right now. You're going to get lots of practice, but just be aware kind of of these basic methods here. Getting the length, especially this these two things, length and subscripting. Okay, we'll get lots and lots of exposure of these other things as we go on. All right, lists are a critical part of this class. Go back to your 131 notes, brush up on it. You're going to be seeing lists from day one till the very last day of the semester.


Dr. Shaw is no longer allowed to use temporal anomalies in order to travel back in time so he can kill Hitler. Was written by Dr. Sumerian. You can find it on the scp wiki and I'll link in the description below. This is a re-upload. I have removed the old upload featuring Dr. Bright, and I thought I'd put this version back up again. It is under a Creative Commons share-alike attribution 3.0 license. Dr. Shaw materialized inside Hitler's bunker wearing a full-assess uniform and carrying a Walther P-38. He pulled the gun out of the holster and moved towards the steel door in front of him. HALT! came a voice from behind. He spun around and leveled the pistol. In front of him was Dr. Sumerian in a similar outfit looking very confused.  Shaw said with a touch of anger in his voice. What? Who are you? Sumerian's hand rested on his hip. Dr. Shaw, motherfucker.  Oh, right. I remember you now. There was a slight pause for several seconds. Shaw's eyebrow raised. Why are you here? Sumerian looked off to the side.  In his bunker, really, he's going to be dead in minutes even if I don't do anything. I'd have figured you ethics eggheads would be fine with that, Shaw trailed off. Wait, they wouldn't send you to stop me. They'd send like an agent or something. A small tremor from the battle going on outside rumbled through the floor as the lights flickered. Well, I mean, obviously, but I was the only one available to bullshit, Shaw said.   Motherfucker, you're late and I called dibs. What did you call dibs? Shaw waved his gun in the air like just now. Sumerian pursed his lips.   Sumerians nose scrunched up for a few seconds as he considered it. Right. Well, how do we get through this door? The two of them looked at the door was made of steel with no visible hinges. Shaw pointed at the door. I mean, we could just bash it down, right? They looked at each other and then turned and slammed their shoulders into the door. Both of them bounced off one after the other with a grunt and a grimace. Shaw clenched his teeth to speak. Okay, that's a strong door. Sumerian grabbed his right shoulder with a gloved hand. Yep, strong door out. I think maybe we need to coordinate better. If we hit it at the same time, we might get it. Sumerian nodded. You want to go on three? They both readied themselves and Shaw started to count. Okay, one, two, wait, wait, wait, wait, Sumerian interrupted. Are we going on three? Is it like one, two, three, go? We go on three. They got ready again and Shaw counted. One, two, three. As they both put their shoulders in the door, they bounced off again. This time, a loud crack came from the other side, a gunshot. Both of them closed their eyes and let the pain and failure wash over them. They'd just blown the only chance they had of the handle of the unlocked metal door turned. Dr. Clef in full SS uniform opened the door from the other side to see both Shaw and Sumerian reaching for their shoulders. Dr. Clef smiled widely. Heh.  Thank you very much for watching. If you enjoyed the video, hit the subscribe button and then hit the notification bell next to that so you're notified when I upload new videos. And then head on over to patreon.com for such D Sumerian and Pledge at any level like everybody here on the screen already has, including Sinjeriki, who has pledged $100. It's nice to know that I'm not alone out here and I will see you all again on Tuesday. Promise.


Surilea coal power plant produces coal fly ash and coal bottom ash, coal fava, which can be used as concrete materials due to their low slump value, lower compressive strength, and generally lower flexural strength. Additionally, the carbon footprint of concrete made with coal fava is lower than conventional concrete. This article was authored by Rehmet Hadi Suwarno, Arif Sabo Yuwano, and Arizal.