Hi everybody, Joe for jasmiescasebreaks.com coming at you with 2021 Panini Mosaic Football Hobby Pack Break No. 55, the last filler we got to do to unlock that flawless random number block randomizer that's coming up in the next video. But first, the break. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. The teams are right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it. One in a six, seven times for names and teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. He wasn't following the rules, Duncan. I feel like I want to pull another one of those because I want to see if he did that. He mis-signed in all the cards or just that one. The public wants to know. One in a six, seven times for the teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. At the ATL, down to the Green Bay Packers.  The pack has gone away today. All right, I'm sure that offended many people.  Unbelievable. All right. No trade windows. We are just going to print and rip. All right. That case is coming up a little bit later. Here's the pack, there goes the printer, got Luke Keekley, you got a red Nishon Wright in it to win it. Roger's and we've got a Najee Harris rookie card. Slow start for him this season, much to the disappointment of my fantasy football team, but I'm sure he'll start picking it up. He better or else he might get cut from my fantasy football team, which he's quaking in his boots thinking about that. All right. Now, who's going to win those final two random number block spots? The moment of truth. Let's get everybody's names from Tim down to Tim, one through 32 and everybody in between you dice your list. And let's roll it and randomize it two out of three, five times. Once again, top two after five. Good luck. One, two, three, four, and fingers crossed fifth and final time. Now, as I mentioned, a lot of sad faces here, 30 sad spots, but only two happy spots. So apologies to everybody here, but appreciate you getting in. Thank you. But ultimately he's had times. Happy times though for the top two, John is happy and he's happy again sweeps the two spots. There you go, John. Thank you very much. And thanks everybody else for giving it a go. Appreciate you. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Drugs are everywhere. More than ever. Drugs can be anything. Anybody can have a problem with substance use. In 97, when the Member States decided to create the early warning system, nobody would have guessed that ten years later we would have two new psychoactive substances discovered on the European market every week. Whatever happens in the world and around the EU, potentially also has an impact or consequences on the territory of the EU. Today you have threats for health, certainly. You have threats for security related to drug trafficking and drug production on the EU territory. We have also threats for the environment, but it is also more broadly a threat to the rule of law and to the society. What we're trying to do is really provide the evidence to inform policies and actions. So we're really trying to provide an accurate description of who uses different psychoactive substances and the consequences of that use. And also what sorts of interventions might be affected in dealing with that. What we provide by having a scientific perspective is a cold assessment of the evidence, both of what the problem is but also what are the effective solutions. So on one hand we're doing, I think, basic social science. We're also looking at survey research. We're looking at understanding of the meanings of people involved in this area. And at the other end of the scale, we're now increasingly using quite sophisticated new forensic and toxicological measures to understand better some of the new substances that are appearing in the drugs area. We are at the eve, potentially, of another perfect storm. A new syndemic because of the availability of drugs, because of COVID consequences in terms of mental health, because of the economic recession, because of the huge problem we face already with drug-related violence and corruption, with the threats to environments and the fact that those vulnerable groups that are suffering more from lockdown, from problems of mental health and from the economic recession, some of them could be driven to drug-related criminal activities. There is an interest for the countries to jointly cooperate with the EU to benefit from the advanced evidence-based knowledge, experience in what are the well-established responses or methods for prevention and for treatment and harm reduction, for instance. Our ultimate goal is to help people who use drugs and their families. We are not there just to produce stats. It's completely useless if you do it only to write books that we remain in the bookshelf. But we need additional resources to fulfill better our role. We should have more interaction, more co-production. And what we do already more than five years ago or ten years ago is to associate partners, including association professionals working on the drug field, association of people who are using drugs. We need to make sure we don't miss a very important threat that is emerging and that may have a very negative impact for our population.


Sanjay Murt, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department of Walsh and Instoaptic Knowledge, Slapu. Today, I am going to explain the fifth video of thermodynamics. That is why I am numbering 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, because these are the introduction parts related to the thermodynamics. The learning outcome of this video is student will able to know what is the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics, which you can use regularly. Now, when you says that first law of thermodynamics, what is the first law of thermodynamics? There is a law of conservation of energy. So, one form of energy converted to the other form of energy. There is a simple statement. So, this is to be what you call that experiment is be done on this related to the first law of thermodynamics by Jules experiment. What is that Jules experiment? Well, Jules experiment in that a closed content is that vessel is to be there. That vessel is isolated, that is adiabatic vessel, there is no transaction of any heat from system. So, here again, system is the system and it is surrounding, there is no transaction of heat or energy from that system. It is totally adiabatic vessel. There is one thermometer is placed to measure to note down the temperature. Here, one stirrer is to be placed through the pulley arrangement is there, cord and pulley arrangement and the weight is attached on the other side. So, what is the first law of thermodynamics says that one form of energy is converted to the other form of energy. What is the first law of the first law say that Q is equal to U plus W. What is the Q amount of heat that is in Jules, then U that is the capital U that is the internal age of system and W is the work. Now, how the first law of thermodynamics works? Here the vessel is to be there completely isolated thermometer is there, stirrer is there and weight is attached to other side. The known quantity of water is mass is known M1. So, its pressure P1 volume V1 temperature T1 mass M1 is to be there and the stirrer is to be there. On the other end of that stirrer cord is attached to pulley arrangement weight is to be there. So, it is a weight M1 and it is a height at H1 from the base one from the datum one. Where that vessel is to be placed and the weight is some higher side. So, values initial values are P1 V1 T1 M1 U1 H1 kinetic energy Ke1 potential energy. So, all these values are the initial one. Now the weight is allowed to move from height 1 to the height 2. Due to the gravity force it moves from level 1 to the level 2. When the cord is moving downward conditions due to that gravity force due to that pulley arrangement that stirrer get rotated here. When the stirrer get rotated here the temperature of the water is to be increased. When the temperature of water is increased that is to be noted in the thermometer that is T1 to the T2. So that is to be noted. Again mass is same, pressure is same, volume is same but only there is rise in the temperature and so here the loss of what we call as potential energy, MgH1 to the MgH2. Due to which that is to be converted to the rotational mechanical energy. So loss of height that is a, there is a change in potential energy that change in potential to the kinetic rotational mechanical energy. This kinetic rotational mechanical energy can be rise in the temperature of the water that is to be noted. So, here the loss of height, the loss of potential energy is convert to the rise in the temperature. What is the first law says that, first law says that Q is directly proportional to the work done. But before that you says that Q is equal to U plus W, but here you says that the change in internet system they are negligible one, other values like kinetic energy, potential energy, environmental energy, rotational energy, mechanical energy, they have to be only noted that measurable one that is the kinetic energy and potential energy, that is to be, but these are again that the change are minute one, that is why it says that whatever the quantity of rise in the temperature that is related to the this step of work is to be done. So, that is rise in the temperature Q that is the difference is related to the change in the height and due to the gravity force of that system. That is the first law of thermodynamics, but when you know this first law of thermodynamics you go for in a reverse way. Suppose that this weight at now that final stage is that is at a datum level that is at the ground level. Now you can lift from H to level 2 to the level 1 at initial condition, then the stirrer is rotated in a reverse direction. Previously it moves from level 1 to the level 2 it is suppose it is moving in a clockwise direction, there is rise in the temperature that is a T 1 minus T 2 or T 2 minus T 1. Now the weight is artificially lifted from level 2 to the level 1 it comes to initial condition then stirrer rotate in anti-clockwise direction then is that much quantity of heat is to be absorbed that is not happened because it is it moves in only one directions. So, this is the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics that is to be explained in following way. Suppose a cup of hot water hot tea kept in environment its temperature is T 1 that cup when it is placed in a open environment after certain period of time the heat is transmitted from system to the surrounding whether it is going in a reverse way that is not happened. Suppose second example is heating of room in a electric heater the coil is to be circulated in your room the heater it increase the temperature of that water, but when you go for a in a reverse way suppose the heater is supplied you produce the electrical energy that is not happened the paddle work is to be there by paddle work suppose electric motor is to be there due to that motor you go you can rotate that shaft when the shaft is rotated you get some 1000 revolutions example 1000 revolutions per minute and the motor is to be rotated in one minute, but that shaft is rotated in a reverse directions whether to what you call regain that mechanical energy regain the supply energy that is not happened. Suppose the water is moving from the dam from a higher side to the level level and that water is to be injected on the turbine blades the turbine blades rotate you produce the electrical energy, but instead of that turbine blade is rotated in a reverse manner whether that water is moving automatically from lower side to the higher side you regain the potential energy from kinetic energy potential energy that is not happened. So, these are some limitations of the first law of thronage. So, the first law of thronage is related that it is moving only in one directions now it is not a reversible process it is a irreversible process to be there. So, now you says that work is done in a closed system that concept is to be there the piston cylinder arrangement is it is a piston is there and is a cylinder is there in that cylinder gas is to be placed in cylinder the gas condenser. So, when you apply a pressure on that the volume is reduced from level 1 to the level 2 means volume moving from V 1 to the V 2. So, change in the volume that is a change in d V to the limit 1 to 2. So, work done is equal to pressure remain the same that is the pressure that is the weight of that piston or whatever the pressure that is remains constant, but the change in volume from level 1 to the level 2 volume 1 to the volume 2. So, work done W P d V is equal to work done W P into bracket V 2 minus V 1 of the closed system. So, when you know the first law of thermodynamics, now you go for a second law of thermodynamics. What is the second law? In the second law there are two statements are the Kelvin Planck statement and cross state statement. So, one of the statement is the Kelvin Planck statement. In the Kelvin Planck statement here the source is the temperature T 1 the higher side temperature is to be there it is a sink T 2 low temperature body is to be there in between heat engine is to be placed. Here it is heat engine when heat is in natural condition heat convection by convection heat is moving from higher side to the lower side. So, when it is moving from higher side to the lower side you get the work from that system Q 1 plus T 2 work done W is equal to Q 1 plus T 2, but this work in which to be that is a Kelvin Planck statement it is moving that on the second that is Clausius statement here again it moves from higher side to the source to the sink higher should be the low side it is completely consumed by that heat pump that is not happen. So, when you go for the first law of thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics they have to be moving in only one direction systems are to be there. So, these are the statements that that is a heat pump and heat engine heat pump is heat pumping is going on that is heat is moving from without what you call consumer work or heat is moving from lower side to the higher side here it moves from lower side to the higher side you have to required some work is to be there due to that work heat is moving from lower side to the higher side and pumping action is going on and heat engine is to be there you get the heat from that system that is higher side to the lower side, but you have to require some external source of energy. So, when you know the first law of thermodynamics when you know the limitations of the first law whether you go some example for this limitations of the first law of thermodynamics which can regularly used it again in your house minimum one bike is to be there the fuel is to be burned when the fuel is to be burned you get a reciprocating motion due to the reciprocating motion you get a rotational mechanical energy you get the rotational mechanical energy the bike is moving from one end to the other end. Suppose the biking moving in one directions from one state to the another state now that bike is moving moving from two to one in a reverse way whether you have to produce the petro not. So, this is the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics simple example is to be there. So, here you know the first law of thermodynamics related to the juice x-men then limitations of the first law then second law of that is heat pump and heat engine Kelvin statement and process statement and reference for this one is basic mechanical engineering by R. S. Kurmeiser. Thank you.


here with Councilwoman Julie Menon, who's always just coming up with great ideas of how to move our city forward in the right direction. I'm really excited about this bill. These two bills we are announcing today. Today, a whole hearings is signings on two important bills that help our small businesses and working New Yorkers. For too long, the boulder of bureaucracy has gotten the way of working New Yorkers, working New Yorkers as small business owners of endless red tape, complicated processes, and agencies, silos have made it harder for New Yorkers to open and operate small businesses. And COVID-19 has only made it even harder. Today, we change that and fulfill a key commitment from my economic recovery blueprint. Today is about promise made, promises made, promises kept. Intro 116 requires the commission of small business services to create a one-stop-shop NYC business portal. This is something I talked about often. We send our small businesses and business operators around to too many different locations just to get a business open and operated. Through this portal, all applications permit licenses and related information needed to open and operate a small business in the city would be available. We're so happy to have Gail Brewer joining us as well.  We are giving them all the tools they need in one accessible location. This is something we talked about over and over again. We heard this from business owners repeatedly, the challenges and difficulties of navigating government just to get their businesses open, and we're removing those challenges. Small business, we say over and over again, they're the lifeblood of our city, and they are driving our recovery, and we want to make it easier for New Yorkers to set up shop across the five boroughs. The days of going to a dozen different offices and websites, those days are over, and we are just getting started on how we're going to continue to alleviate, if not eradicate those boulders that are in the way to prevent businesses from operating. COVID-19 forced many businesses to close, leaving many commercial properties vacant, and we want to turn vacancy signs into open for business signs, and that is why this next bill help us get there by keeping better data on commercial vacancies in our city. Intro 383 amends the commercial property vacancy registry law. It requires the supplemental registration statements be filed by August 15th and February 15th each year, rather than a single filing on June 30th. This is intended to increase the frequency of reported data on commercial vacancies in this city. So important, small businesses are the heart of our city, and being able to open a business and be aware of the vacancies is a way to ensure that that completely continues to beat a healthy heart. These two bills ensure that they are at the center of economic recovery, and our businesses will stay there. So I want to thank Speaker Adrian Adams, Councilman and member Julie Menon, sponsor of Intro 116, and Councilmember Gail Brewer, sponsor of Intro 383. And I want to again thank both my commissioners for their input in both these bills to ensure our small businesses are able to open and operate and remain open in this city. Right now I want to turn it over to Councilmember Menon to say a few words. Again, thank you, Julie, for this bill. Thank you so much, Mr. Mayor. I am so ecstatic today because you're going to be signing into law Intro 116. And before I talk a little bit about Intro 116, I really want to thank Commissioner Kevin Kim for his partnership. He's been a great partner in this and I want to congratulate my colleague Gail Brewer on the signing of her bill as well. So Intro 116, as the Mayor says, creates a one-stop-shop portal. I campaigned on this issue when I was running for city council. I'm a former small business owner. I used to own a restaurant and catering business that was located not that far from here. And I can tell you firsthand how difficult it is to navigate city bureaucracy. If you want to open up a restaurant in New York City, you're literally dealing with 20 different separate applications, eight different city agencies. Frequently you have to take a day or two off of work just to navigate that bureaucracy. Well, no longer will that be a case. With this one-stop-shop portal, we're literally consolidating every single city agency into one portal, one app in 11 different languages, and you're also going to be able to pay fines directly by clicking a link. And so this is going to make it so much easier for our small businesses to operate. After COVID, we've seen that close to one-third of the city's small businesses are at risk of closure. And so today we're taking an enormous step forward to tackle this bureaucracy. And so once again, I want to thank the Mayor and I also want to thank the Speaker for her leadership in getting this bill through. Thank you. Thank you. Always coming up with good ideas. And I now want to turn it over to Council Member Brewer to comment on intro 383, Councilwoman. Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. And I want to thank Council Member Menon for prioritizing this. I certainly want to thank the Department of Finance staff, a wonderful commissioner. Thank you very much, Presta Nieblak. And I want you to know, Mayor, these are two great commissioners. You know me, I don't like a lot of people. They're very special. So I was really, some time ago when I was President, I was proud to pass local law 157 in 2019. And it established the city's first database to track vacant ground and second floor storefronts. We did that with then Council Member Helen Rosenthal. And the goal then as now is to help neighborhood civic groups and policymakers use data to map vacancies in their areas to help fill empty storefronts with new businesses. The database went live in 2021. And since then we've been working with advocates and businesses and the administration to improve its effectiveness. The bill signed today will report vital information to assess the proliferation of commercial vacancies, including whether ground floor commercial properties are vacant, owner or commercial tenant occupied, and the expiration date on the lease. This will give more data for better decisions. This bill also improves the timeliness of when data is collected and shared by the city. Thanks to the amazing work of the Department of Finance and the city council staff, we've reduced the lag time that data needs to be submitted to the portal and in collaboration with finance, we have reduced the reporting window to 60 days. I don't think anybody would dispute the fact that storefront vacancies lead to more trash on our sidewalks, darker streets, less foot traffic, and less economic applicativity. This bill is a win for our communities and will help us bring back those vital small businesses to our beloved commercial corridors. Thank you very much. Thank you so much, you know, some women. We will now invite the public to comment on the bills if there are any public comment, no comment. Okay, I will now sign Entrel 116 and Entrel 383. We're going to go back to 283.


From VOA Learning English, this is the economics report. There has been a lot of talk about the debt ceiling in the United States. The debt ceiling is a legal limit on how much the federal government can borrow. Federal disputes over that amount have concerned investors in recent weeks. American lawmakers must negotiate a new debt ceiling every time the federal debt reaches that legal limit. National debt grows when a government spends more money than it has available. Investments offer bonds and other investments to raise money to pay for this spending. In return, the government promises to repay with interest the investors who buy these securities. The financial demands of World War I led American lawmakers to establish a total debt limit. In 1917, Congress agreed that the president could borrow up to a set amount without seeking approval. Congress has agreed to change the debt limit 10 times since 2001. But the major parties may disagree on spending levels or on the need to borrow to pay for government operations. Other nations buy United States Treasury securities because they are considered the safest investment in the world. The partial shutdown of the federal government led to worldwide concern about the safety of these investments. Congress agreed to reopen the government without enforcing the debt ceiling only one day before borrowing reached the legal limit. Congress agreed to let the president decide what the Treasury Department could borrow through February 7th. Congress must now negotiate a new debt limit and resolve other budgetary issues in order to avoid another crisis. For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Presuti.


There was a king, you know, Jain. This is a king who was steeped in physical pleasure, usually living his life out. So, he had a wife whose name was Bengala. Then Bengala said, if two hearts have fused into one, then this is how it'll be. So, on our next hunt when he went, he wanted to check this out. There was a king, you know, Jain. His name was Bharathri Hari. He's the one who wrote the Sringarashatakam and later on wrote the Vairagya Satakam. Sringarashatakam is a composition of poems which are all about passion and erotica. Vairagya Satakam is complete dispassion and renunciation. This is a king who was steeped in physical pleasure and usually living his life out. One day he went hunting and he shot an antler and killed it. When the antler fell dead, the doe, the female deer which was with it, refused to leave the spot, risking its own life, it just stood there. This surprised the king. Instead of running for its life, it is just standing there to be shot. And in the process when this was happening, one of the soldiers who were hunting with him was bitten by a snake and he also died. When he died, his wife came and when they set him to flames, it was with great difficulty that they held her off the flames because she wanted to jump into the flames. So, this just intrigued him. For him, his life was all about himself, his pleasures, his likes and whatever else. When he saw this doe and also this woman wanting to jump into the fire, he somehow disconfused him. So, he had a wife whose name was Bengala. So, he was talking to her and said, you know, today these two things that I witnessed somehow have set my whole mind at your confusion. Then Bengala said, if two hearts have fused into one, then this is how it'll be. This is a natural reality. There's nothing amazing about it. There's nothing intriguing about it. If two hearts have really become one in their experience, this is how it will be. Very matter of fact, she said this. So, this further intrigued him. His wife also said this. He has 500 women. He cannot understand this. So, on a next hunt when he went, he wanted to check this out. What he did was, he bloodied his clothes with animal blood and sent it back to the palace and it was announced to Bengala that the king died. He was killed by a tiger. So, when she got these bloodied clothes, she put it in a heap. She bowed down to it. Then she did go and light up on it and she simply breathed her last. She died. When he came to know about this, it completely disturbed him so much that him whimsically trying to test her like this and she actually gave up her life. And then he dropped his kingdom and he became a sage and that's when he produced the Vairagya Sattakam. A great work of poetry. This is the nature of the feminine. That consequence is not the important thing. That moment's passion and love is more important than what is going to happen out of it. The calculation of what's going to come out of it, if it comes, that's very masculine. Masculine is always thinking about the consequence. The feminine doesn't think about the consequence, it's about what matters now. What you think or what somebody thinks is not the nature of the feminine. What one feels is the nature of the feminine. Should it not be tempered with thought? Yes, it should be when it comes to material aspects of life. But when it comes to life itself, if you're not feminine, then you cannot enjoy it. So this is the nature of the feminine that it is capable of going beyond itself. Only that which is capable of going beyond itself is eligible for a spiritual process. That which wants to protect itself is not eligible for a spiritual process. The Shambhavi is something which can inflame the feminine in you. Because if you don't keep yourself aside, it cannot happen. It's not something that you do. It is something that you allow. That's the most beautiful aspect of Shambhavi is you cannot really do it. Only if you allow it, it's like a flood. If you try to do it properly, technically, nothing will happen because the practice itself doesn't do anything. If you allow it, then the innermost goal which is the basis of creation finds full expression.


I bet you didn't know these seven things happened on today, January 20th. Seven. Today, January 20th is also known as Cheese Lovers' Day, as well as Penguin Awareness Day. Six. In 1982, Ozzy Osbourne bit the head off a bat during a performance. Five. In 2009, the USA's first African-American president, Barack Obama, conducted his first address. Four. In 2008, the first episode of Breaking Bad premiered on AMC. Three. In 1992, Air Interflight 148 crashed in the Vosges Mountains in France while circling to land at Strasbourg Airport. Two. In 1981, US hostages were released in Iran after 444 days. One. In 1971, Marvin Gaye's What's Going On single was released. See you tomorrow.


Think tech away, civil engagement lives here. Welcome to Asian Review. I'm your host Bill Sharpe, our show today, Taiwan 1988, Taiwan Today. And joining us from Taipei, Taiwan is Dr. Jerome Keating, who is a well-known political commentator, author, and educator. Welcome to Asian Review. It's great to have you with us again. This is your, I think your third time on Asian Review, so we're always glad to have you. That's right, Bill. And of course, from my side, it's always good to talk with you, good to talk about Taiwan and talk with Hawaii. Hey, there we go. There we go. Well, let's get right into it, because we've got a lot that we want to cover today. Well, you arrived in Taiwan in 1988, just after the end of martial law. So give us some idea of what Taiwan was like at that time in terms of, you know, socially, economically, politically. And what's it like today? What's the comparison? What are the differences? Bill, there's been a lot of big changes. And since I've been here almost through the duration, the changes came gradually, so they may not have seemed that extreme. But if there was a person that was here in 87, 88, and then came back now, they would say, wow, what happened? But let's go into some of the things. And politically, the garrison command still walks the streets. They would be disbanded in 1992. If you went near the ocean, you would run into military patrols, I guess, guarding against infiltrators. And even I remember going to Shintien from Taipei, there were guards on the bridges. So you had this strong military sense and control. Vic, let's just talk about, you know, because Taiwan Taipei is very convenient. But the MRT, which I was working on, did not really start functioning till 1996 with the brown line and then the red in 97, the blue in 99, and of course it has gone on. So the MRT Mass Rapid Transit has made a big difference. The high-speed rail, the gaosheng, was 2007. You have to take a plane or a slow bus down there. So those convenient things, the idea of entertainment, almost anywhere in the city, you can find a pub or things going on. At that time, there was what we call the combat zone. It was the place over by Lin Sen Be Lu and the where they used to have the R&R from Vietnam. It was the only place you could find some of the big changes. But otherwise, the media, now there's a real key area. When I came, there were only three TV stations that were kind of government controlled and it was very boring and focused. Now you have just about with cable anything in the world you can get here, multiple hundreds of channels. You know, the changes came, but when they come gradually, you don't notice how stark it was from the beginning to now. Well, let me ask you this. What was the sense of identity in 1988? In other words, if you were to ask somebody in Taiwan, are you Taiwanese? Are you Chinese? What would be the most common response? Probably they would say more Chinese and this I would attribute to both brainwashing and what you could call the syndrome. Though I do remember talking with... Many should explain the Stockholm syndrome just for the benefit of our audience. Well, once, okay, they can Google it, but when someone has been held prisoner by someone and they only hear that person's dialogue, you begin to side with your captor and then you begin to take on this like Patty Hearst, I think is an example that maybe U.S. people would identify with when she had been captured and then took part in a bank robbery, if I remember. Right, absolutely. She lived right around the corner from me in Berkeley, by the way. What a nice neighbor. Right, so that would be... Now of course people really identify as Taiwanese. They may recognize a Chinese heritage just like the U.S. we recognize a British heritage. We teach British literature, we follow things in Britain, but we're American. Okay, I didn't mean to cut you off, but moving right along here. Now you are a retired university professor, you taught in Taiwan universities for at least 25 years. No, no, no, no, no, no, not that long, Bill, the... Not quite that long? Okay. No, I first remember I was manager of technology transfer on the Taipei and Gaocheng MRT. Oh, okay. And I even taught a little bit at AIT when they used to have a program here. But I then taught at Chinese Culture University and then went to Taipei Daxue, which is National Taipei University, different a little from National Taiwan University. And that's where I retired from. But since then I have come out again and taught at a couple other universities. Okay. And do that if they get a special grant. Okay. So how would you compare college students of your earlier years in Taiwan with today's college students? Okay, now that's a very good point there because in my earlier years they had a very strict entrance exam and the students to only the top university that took the exam. And when it was at Culture University, usually we were the lower choice. They would normally take the national universities if you pass the exam. They would take the national universities first because it was more prestige and better benefits, less or pay, et cetera. And the students used to complain that they felt they were the low class, but I said, hey, you're the top 30% of everyone taking the class, the test. Now the test, just about anyone can get into a university like it is in the US. So that's one factor. But what comes and relates to the people would elect the president. So that generation, much or freedom, the current generation is totally on the opposite. I call the Gen D, the generation democracy, those born 1990 on. 1990. If you're born in 1990, you start elementary school in 96 when the president is elected by the people. You only know democracy. So that's good in one way that you don't have some of the baggage of the past. But it can be a little faulty in that you also don't know the past as to how you got that democracy. And I've seen that in some of the younger people. They don't know, say, the detention or prison. And someone who lived in Jingmei right outside Taipei didn't even know it was there. And yet people like Annette Lu, years in jail there because of their protests in Gaoshuang, in the Gaoshuang incident. So those are two factors that come in. And that will be, in a way, shown in the current election, because I think we want to get to that. Right, Bill? Right. We do want to get to that. But I want you to finish this thought, and then I want to talk about what is citizenship in Taiwan. And I think that will take us up to the brink, and then when we come back we can focus on the election. We want to kind of talk a little more about the university students then. Well, a little bit more about the university students. Right. And, okay, in the old days it seems to me that the universities were under pretty tight control. There was a party, a KMT party secretary there that kept track of everything. There was oftentimes military policemen on campuses, et cetera. Of course, none of that exists today. And in the past, it was pretty difficult to have student activism. But nowadays, what's the level of student activism on college campuses, given that there are none of these controls? Okay. Yeah. A good focus there. There isn't that strong military teaching classes put in a quotation marks. The students, you know, how many of them are like natural students are just looking worse by career going, because they feel secure in their democracy. And so, you know, they've gotten past that, you know, the Akman, I think the sunflower movement was probably the best expression of it when they realized one was getting too close to China. Discussion of ECFA in the legislative yen was not done item by item. They just wanted like a blanket approval. And probably, you know, the biggest protest that in a way is even, well, it's hard to compare because the Wild Lily movement in 1990 was just to push that we want our leaders, our legislators, and our president elected by the people. This group has that. So now they're going a different, another step forward, and they are saying, okay, what are our leaders doing? And we've elected them in the legislature, and they seem to be giving the farm away in ECFA. And that's what the sunflower movement was all about. Well, that's interesting. Now, we're coming up to break here. We've got about a minute and a half to break. But let's start on this question. And if we need to, we'll finish it up when we come back. Citizenship in Taiwan, what does citizenship mean in today's world? I think it is growing, Bill. I think they are very proud. I'm going to give you an example, 148 countries in the world. So Taiwan citizenship ranks pretty, ranked number 29 of all countries, which there are about what, 192 or so. Now you can, so Taiwan is ranked number 29 of countries, China is ranked 71. That's a big gap. So China only entry in 74 countries in the world, Taiwan has 148. That's double China's. So if I'm looking to have, you know, and travel the world, citizenship in Taiwan, and I don't know this, but it is twice as good as China. That's a really interesting point. But what do this, what's the responsibilities? How do people see their responsibilities as citizens? In that respect, well, like in the typical Western view, American view is, well, you get out on the boat, you have a very active interest in public affairs, you express your opinion, you attend civic functions in order to increase your knowledge of civic affairs, you hold your leaders responsible. Do those same ideas resonate with people in Taiwan today in terms of citizenship? Yes, I'm going to qualify this, and maybe we can take this up after the break, but... Speaking of the break, I have just been told we now need to take a break. So let's go ahead and we'll take that break. We'll come back in one minute and we'll resume this conversation because this notion of citizenship is really, really interesting. And I'm sure we'll learn a lot about Taiwan, but with further discussion of it. So you're watching Asia in Review, I'm your host, Bill Sharp. My guest today is Dr. Jerome Keating, political commentator, author, educator, coming to us from Taipei, Taiwan, where he's lived for a number of years and has deep insight into Taiwan society, and all its features of that is socially, economically, politically, and we'll be right back in one minute, so don't go away. Hey, loha, my name is Andrew Lening, I'm the host of Security Matters Hawaii, airing every Wednesday here on Think Tech Hawaii, live from the studios. I'll bring you guests, I'll bring you information about the things in security that matter to keeping you safe, your co-workers safe, your family safe, to keep our community safe. We want to teach you about those things in our industry that, you know, may be a little outside of your experience, so please join me, because Security Matters, aloha. And aloha, my name is Calvin Griffin, the host of Hawaii in Uniform, and every Friday at 11 o'clock here on Think Tech Hawaii, we bring you the latest on what's happening within the military community, and we also invite all of your response to things that's happening here. For those of you who haven't seen the program before, again, we invite your participation, we're here to give information, not disinformation, and we always enjoy response from the public. But join us here, Hawaii in Uniform, Fridays, 11 a.m., here on Think Tech Hawaii, aloha. Welcome back to Asian Review, I'm your host Bill Sharp. Our show today, Taiwan 1988, Taiwan Today. And joining us from Taipei, Taiwan via telephone is Dr. Jerome Keating, a well-known political commentator, also an author of books, and an educator. And just before the break, we started discussing a really interesting topic of which I promised you, the viewers, and Dr. Keating, that we will resume once we came back. And that is, what is the notion of citizenship in Taiwan today? Now we know that Taiwan is a very vibrant democracy, a very proud of its democracy. But it was a one-party state for a long period of time where citizens' duty was to basically, if I'm not sounding too egregious, was to sort of be quiet and obey the government, and don't make any trouble. Today is quite a different story, but it goes further than that, and that's what we want to dive into right here. So, Dr. Keating, let's continue our discussion of this notion of citizenship in Taiwan. How would you define it? What are its characteristics? I would say, now you mentioned like voter turnout. Generally, Taiwan voter turnout is quite high. I would say it's generally around at least sometimes 70 to 80 percent. And coming election will be interesting in judging the mood of the people. I think that's a higher percentage rate than the U.S., by the way. Definitely higher than Hawaii, which has one of the lowest turnout rates, if not the lowest turnout rate in the country. Despite all the steps the state government takes to increase voter turnout, like mail-in balloting, you know, that kind of thing, it's just still bismuth low. And I look at the—and I'm going to knock the U.S. elections a little. I just saw something recently, and I don't know how true this statistic is. But like, there are 40 million registered Democrats who didn't vote last time. Trump lost by about three million votes in the popular vote. He won by three key states with a total of between the three of about 120,000 votes. And I'd be willing to bet, if you examine how many people did not vote, it would be embarrassing. That said, you know, Taiwan people are pretty still. They really treasure the vote. So they come out pretty strong on this. And this is where we're going to get, you know, some different generations and for different motivations. But say the new power party, which you're familiar with, Bill, you know, that came in a way, many of the voters feeling the DPP were not quite going far in Taiwan-ness and pushing the agenda of care for the people of Taiwan. And the new power party took five legislative seats in the last election. Very good for a first-time party. That is good. That is good. Well, do people—as part of the citizenship in Taiwan, do people feel the responsibility to be well-informed about public events, public policy, and that kind of thing? Or do they just vote on when, as a lot of people in the United States seem to? I think they're pretty well-informed. You know, we have TV channels, both blue and green. They can get their perspectives. And they—I think they take it—especially, as I say, the generation democracy people who don't have the baggage of the two parties of the past, which has a good and bad effect on them, the—you know, sometimes they should know more about the past, but also they are more swing voters. It's—you know, they are conscious of, what is this person doing for me now, regardless of what party they are in? Right. Well, let's talk about some of the specific races. We have the big nine-and-one election coming up very, very soon here, November 24th. They will determine the occupants, the holders of 11,000 positions throughout Taiwan, everything from the mayor of Taipei to the lowest level official, that is publicly elected official. Let's start off with the big one, Taipei. And we should mention that Taipei is next to the president—presidency in Taiwan is the second most important political position because it's often seen as a springboard into the presidency. So what's your prediction on the race in Taipei? Okay. Well, first I'll say, you know, Tsai Ing-wen is the only one who was not a president—who was not mayor of Taipei, who became president. Well, good point. The others, you know, Li, Chen, and Ma, all were mayors. So those are saying that the incumbent Kou Wen-je is in the lead. I do not think he will win in this one. I think Ting, Ting Xu-cheng, will win. The green have a candidate. But I think the vote between the green and the independent Kou will split and Ting with a core from the city. So I am going against—I predicted this back in July. I still hold to it, even though the polls say the opposite. I was talking to somebody at the University of Hawaii today, Chinese history professor—professor of Chinese history, who also happened to be from Taiwan. And he was saying that Ting is leading by 3 percent—no, I'm sorry, Kou Wen-je is leading by 3 percent. Well, it's not much of a margin. Not much of a margin at all. So that might just be support for you, what you're saying. Right. Even before Kou was leading by much more, but whatever he's leading by, I don't trust the polls that much, to be honest with you. No, I think anyone that follows Taiwan knows that the polls in Taiwan are very, I don't know, easily manipulated. I suppose that's the way to put it. Okay, well, let's talk about the other race, another big race, and that is for New Taiwan. We have the former deputy mayor running against the stalwart of the DPP, Su Zhong-chang. What's your take there? Okay, I think Su will take it. It's going to be a close race. The biggest complaint against Su seems to be his age, but to me, when you're in charge and you've got good staff under you, if you know how to run the show, which Su does, you can do it. There's a lot of baggage from the past with some of the scandal in the city. So this one's going to be interesting to see what people latch on to, but I think the green will take it. That's very interesting. I watched Chinese TV sitting here in Taiwan in Hawaii, but the only station I can get is CTI, Chinese TV, and it has a reputation for being very pro-nationalist party. Just yesterday, they were suggesting that, and again, this could be a question of questionable polling information, that Ho Yee had about 56% of the vote and Su had about 23. Such a wide gap. I don't know if I buy that or not. If you look at what Eric Chu won by four years ago, he did not win by that much, and he wasn't incumbent. That was a foretelling to me that the green almost took that from him, and he was one of the best KMT candidates. Let's talk about, I've just been told we're down to one minute here, so we'll have to do this one pretty quickly. I also see on China TV there's a lot of attention given the Hang Wuyu in Gaoshuang, and he seems to be on the TV screen 24 hours a day almost. That's an exaggeration, but he suddenly has made a presence there. What's your take on Gaoshuang? I think Chen Chi-Mai will take him. When Tsai Ing-wen was down there campaigning saying that she's going to give more dollars to Gaoshuang for the southbound policy, Hang Wuyu has a lot of China support, and this is makes him questionable, I think, that a lot of Chinese dollars are supporting him getting all that TV time and recognition. I wouldn't be surprised at that. He seemed like a person who could be swayed by China. Yeah, so I'm picking the green on that one. As I say, Tsai was down there campaigning also that Gaoshuang is the key to her southbound policy, and I think that will resonate with a lot of Gaoshuang people. Great. Well, it looks like the clock has caught up to us again. That time really literally flies, and so we're just about done here. I want to thank you a lot for joining us today, and as always, it's really good to talk to you and hear your views, because you've been a very close-up observer of Taiwan politics for a really long time. I want to thank you and the audience for watching today, and I want to remind you to join me next week when my guest will be United States Marine Corps retired Lieutenant Colonel Gary Kirshanik. He has been teaching at the Thai Military Academy, actually, the Royal Thailand Military Academy, as it's officially called, and he'll join us to bring us up to date on what's going on in Thailand. We'll see you then. Okay. Bill, can I get a last word in or not? Sure. Okay. I have two things that I think we didn't really get a chance to talk about the referendums, and they will be key to watch. And the other thing, I will make a recommendation that your program sometime in the future handle the difference between the one China policy and the one China principle in the same sentence. Many of your viewers in the U.S., I think, have no idea what the one China policy really means. Okay. We'll keep that in mind. It looks like we are out of time. So we'll talk to you later. Good.