Hello everyone, this is Mr. P. On today's lesson, we're going to take a look at the structure of a short story. So let's get started. What is a short story? And what are the elements? It is a brief narrative containing characters, a simple plot, and a conflict which leads to a climax and a swift conclusion. The five elements are characters, setting, conflict, theme, and plot. Let's take a look at characters first. People, animal, things that are involved in the plot of the story. There can be talking animals, fantasy characters, etc. The protagonist is the main character. It is usually the good guy. The antagonist, instead, creates conflict for the main character. It is usually the bad guy. Here we have Nemo. Nemo is a protagonist, or Cinderella also is a protagonist. But we have the Joker. The Joker was the antagonist, and recently we have seen him as a protagonist of a movie. So the setting is the time, the time of day, the season, present, past, future. The location, the country, the planet, the town, the buildings. It helps create the mood and atmosphere of the story. Conflict. The main problem the protagonist is trying to solve. Something troubling or bad that has happened in the story. Conflicts are usually resolved at the end of the story. Zap. Types of conflict. Man versus man. Here pay attention because it is written man, but it can be also woman versus woman. We have few examples like Batman against the Joker for example. Superman against the antagonist. Man versus nature. Again, here can be woman versus nature. Example, Titanic. So Titanic hit an iceberg. So we have man versus nature. Tornado. The movie Tornado. Man versus himself. For example, in the Joker he fights against himself to find a solution to his problem. Or the Lion King for example. Man versus society. So again, here we have the Joker. So as you can see there can be many types of conflict in one story. Or Robin Hood also. Man versus society. And here I wrote there can be many types of conflict in a story. Theme. What the author wants you to learn or know. A broad idea about life. Usually not stated. It must be guessed. Examples. Bigot to everyone. To not be greedy. Power corrupts. Love takes faith. Etc. Now let's take a look at the plot. The plot consists of five parts. Introduction or exposition is the setting, the background and the characters. The action is the conflict where suspense is created. The climax is the highest point of the story. The deciding factor. In the following action the protagonist completes the action. Then the resolution is the final end, the solution of the story. So how does the plot diagram look like? Well, it looks like a mountain. We have the exposition at the beginning, then the rising action. Then the climax, you reach the top. Then the falling action and the resolution is the end of the story. So introduction or exposition. This is where you must introduce the setting. So when and where the background, a set of events created for the plot preceding and leading up to the plot. The characters, the protagonist or protagonist, antagonist or antagonist is a choice. So rising action. It is a series of significant incidents that produce suspense, interest and tension in a narrative. In literary works, a rising action includes all decisions, characters flaws and background situations that together create turns and twists which in turn lead to a climax. So the climax. It is often identified as the highest point of interest in a story. At this point the conflict is at the highest point of tension. And we have the falling action. It happens right after the climax when the main problem of the story is resolved. The falling action ends the short story, resolves the unanswered situations and leads to where the closure. And finally we have the resolution. It is where the main problem is resolved. The resolution occurs after the falling action and is typically where the story ends. Well, so that's it for today. If you haven't subscribed to my channel, please do. If you liked the lesson, please hit on the like button. If you want to share it, please do. Thank you very much for watching and see you next lesson. Have a nice day. Bye bye.


In recent news, Sophia Richie has finally moved into her new Beverly Hills mansion after months of renovations and delays. She and her boyfriend, Elliot Grange, purchased the sleek property for $17 million back in April 2021, but where it is, she wanted it customized before moving in. Prior to this 8,000 square foot residence, the last home we know of Sophia occupying was located in Hollywood Hills, where she lived with her ex. Today, we're going to check out the model's new home we even found the listing. In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses, and even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Sophia Richie is a model best known for being the youngest daughter of Lionel Richie, and in recent years, she's become a major influencer as well, signing deals with brands from Adidas to Coca-Cola and many more. At the time of this recording, her net worth is at an estimated $8 million, but it's only rising. While her former relationship with Scott Addisic made Sophia a household name, her current boyfriend, Elliot Grange, is who she purchased the new digs with. Elliot is the son of a mega-music mogul, who's CEO of Universal Music in Elliot, while he has his own record label himself. Hey guys, it's Karitha Vampire Slayer back with another exclusive house tour here on Famous Entertainment, this one checking out Sophia Richie's new mansion. Be sure to subscribe and ring that bell for notifications because we post brand new videos daily. As always, you can follow me over on Instagram to chat, and now let's get into this video. Up until last year, Sophia was still with her ex Scott Addisic of keeping up with the Kardashians' fame, so of course, you know the former couple also lived together. I'm sure that while Sophia's new home in Beverly Hills was getting renovated, she had a rental abode with her current man. But the last place who know of her living was this Hollywood Hills mansion. I'm pretty sure this mansion was Scott's investment, but either way, Sophia called the abode home for quite some time. Located in the Hollywood Hills, the sprawling residence had a clean and minimalistic design throughout, and a semi-open floor plan connected with wooden flooring. We've seen Sophia post plenty of photos throughout the home, whether she was kicking back on the entryway's large stairway, or in some of the living areas. There were plenty of white walls in the home's common spaces adorned with artwork, while the formal dining room, while it offered access to a lush garden through large glass doors. This spacious dining room table had a marble top with flowers' decoration and to bring some life in, while the marble theme followed into the designer kitchen. The kitchen boasted white marble countertops, white cabinets and stainless steel appliances. Nearby, an open-concept living room had plenty of space for Sophia and her pup Herschelette to kick back, boasting cream sofa and matching chairs, a wooden table, a fireplace, and flat screen TV. Moving upstairs, aside from the master suite, there's a spacious attached bath to go with it, where we've seen Sophia snap a selfie or two in the past. The luxury bathroom boasts an open space with standalone bath, marble floors and sink, and fresh white folded towels in the back for a hotel feel. Of course, the room also has a navy blue vanity and mirrors on every wall to ensure the perfect selfie every time. Meanwhile, the grounds of Sophia's former Hollywood home were just as stunning, boasting a rolling green lawn and trees surrounding it. As you might expect, the property had a stylish infinity pool and sun loungers to work on your tan. This year, Sophia and her current boyfriend Elliot purchased a new home for $17 million, and while that went down back in April 2021, they didn't move in until just recently. The couple wanted to put custom touches on the mansion and make it more suitable for their lifestyle before moving in, not to mention they paid $500k over the asking price for it. So we know they love the home. The residence was built in 1962, designed by LA architect Charles G. Canner, who was reportedly inspired by the Bauhaus movement and other modern architects of the time, such as Frank Lloyd Wright. The same family owned the home until 2018, and then investors brought the property and neighboring lot for $5.6 million to restore the home. Along with the renovations, they added almost 3,000 extra square feet of indoor space to the mansion, and these days the pad spans over 8,000 square feet with six bedrooms and 7.5 baths. Sophia's new sleek estate is tucked away in the mountains above Beverly Hills on an exclusive cul-de-sac, also known as LA's Music Row, because many musicians live here. Two doors down from the model's new digs, you'll find a couple homes owned by Rihanna, Paul McCartney's longtime mansion, and a home that Madonna recently rented out. The mansion sits grandly on a small hill above the Coldwater Canyon neighborhood, and it's hidden behind tall gates so Sophia can expect plenty of privacy and security here. The exterior of the house had a patterned ivory colored facade covering a full two levels, while steel casement windows had a touch of black. Sophia's modern dwelling boasts multiple ivory and neutral toned living spaces, including a great room, family room, and a luxury kitchen. In the fancy cooking space, there are top-of-the-line appliances, shiny marble, and an Eden Island. Elsewhere in the home, there's a library which transformed into a movie theater with the touch of a button, or so they say. Walls of Florida ceiling glass all over the mansion allow for a contemporary vibe, sunshine, and amazing views. Sophia and Elliot's master suite offers up views of the backyard and bonuses, like a fireplace, dual dressing rooms, or walk-in closets, and a private outdoor terrace. The attached bathroom boasts a soaking tub set inside a Florida ceiling window to really indulge, as well as a separate steam shower with more views, this time of the Green Hillside. Sophia's new home is definitely resort-like, and all the rooms appear to be super spacious, with soaring ceilings and light wood accents throughout. Not to mention, the interior spaces also have plenty of built-in geometric cabinets and shelves. Outside, the grounds are just as resort-like, with 2.2 acres of landscaped land over two attached parcels. While a lot of that is steep hillside, Sophia will still have all the necessary amenities in the yard, including ample entertaining spaces and a saltwater swimming pool and spa. The pool backs up to another cabana-style patio with wet-barred dining area, fireplace, and day beds. Way back before Sophia bought up real estate in LA, she also lived out her dreams in New York City. Back in 2017, the model left California to spend some time living in the Big Apple, moving into a luxury apartment in the Soho neighborhood inside the building One Van Dam. One Van Dam is an exclusive spot to say the least, but being a celebrity, you shouldn't expect anything less from Sophia. The unit Sophia called home for some time, spent 1,557 square feet of space with two bedrooms, and just in case you're wondering, it didn't come cheap to rent. We hear she was dropping about 13k per month to live here. Her former New York apartment opened into a welcoming entry hall, leading into an open-plan living and dining area, which made the most of the space. Here, there were floor-to-ceiling windows to take in the impressive city views, along with white oak floors, all of which was attached to an open chef's kitchen with top-tier appliances. Sophia's one-time master suite took a corner location in the unit and boasted a walk-in closet, dressing room, and spa style on-seat bath. Knott's mentioned One Van Dam offered plenty of amenities in the building itself, including a 6,400-square-foot landscape terrace, a fitness center, a lounge for residents, and private storage. So now we've taken a look at the homes of Sophia Richie, and I think that concludes this house tour. We saw a bit of where she used to live, but I think her new $17 million mansion blows the rest out of the water. What did you guys think? I think we'll have to wait to see how Sophia ends up decorating the modern mansion, but aside from that, it's certainly impressive. Let me know what you liked or didn't like about her home down in the comments. Thanks for watching. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram to chat, and I will see you all in the next video. Bye!


If we were to actually divide this particular presentation into two segments, it would be divided into product side of things and the order flow education segment. So I'll be walking through the details of the book map ICIC Direct connection and Bruce will be covering the order flow education, right? Bruce, next slide please. Okay, so now some of these traders like some of you actually know what NAC level two data means in the Indian context, but I'm assuming that, you know, there's a large section of the audience who do not really know what NAC level two data means.  So what we've done is in this particular screenshot, you can see that we've logged on to ICICdirect.com, we've gone to stocks, we've gone under place order and you can see we've selected intraday margin. So now we've selected NSC by and then selected the stock name, right? So another thing to keep in mind is that whenever you're searching, let's say a symbol on the book map app through the ICIC Direct connection. The way the nomenclature works is that let's say ICIC bank, right? So there are two words. So the system takes the first three elements from the first word and second, you know, next three elements from the second word. And that's how the symbol name works. For nifty, it is nifty and then like you need to go to futures, NFO. So I'll come to that a bit later. But let's have a look at stock now, right? So when you're about to place an order, it actually showcases that, you know, you have two options, either market order or else limit order. So now when we select the limit price, that NSC is giving you a list of best quantity, best price of a quantity of a price. So that is, you know, in the Indian markets context, that is actually known as level two data. So earlier we were providing level one data, which means that only best bid and ask. Now we have, you know, upgraded ourselves to the level two data, right? So let's move on, Bruce. Okay. So Bruce, can you open the new Bookmap India page? So this is the new Bookmap India page that we have created at our end. And this is in Hindi language, right? So a couple of you have actually messaged us, like how can we actually, you know, view this in English language? So a simple way to do that is just to click on this page, right click, and then translate to English. And the page gets, you know, translated to English. So now Bruce, can you just hover to the part where, you know, we have details about the ICSID reconnection, just scroll, no, scroll down, scroll down, yes, okay. I'll just scroll down a bit more, please. Yes, that's it. That's it. That's it. No. Here. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. So now what we have done is in terms of users, we have classified the users as two into two categories. First is the, you know, on the right hand side, we can see existing Bookmap users. So anyone who has an active digital plus global and global plus subscription, we are classifying them as existing paying users of Bookmap. And whoever, let's say, has Bookmap, true data, pro or basic, right? But the fact that, you know, like that is through a partnership and not on Bookmap.com. So we are classifying them as new users. So majority of you would actually fall under the new users category, right, which is on the left hand side. So the, I'll talk to you about the payments bit in a second, but let's have a look at all the features. Bruce, can you just click on view all features? Okay. So now over here, you know, if you want to see like what exactly do you get with this particular integration, you know, we've listed down everything in terms of advanced add-ons, asset classes that we're supporting the core platform features and additional features as well. So feel free to have a look at it. And then let's have a look at the payment page, right? Because a lot of new traders had a lot of questions around it. So I thought that would be interesting to address that in today's webinar. Yes. Please click on that. Okay. So it's pretty straightforward. There's nothing, you know, which is difficult over here. You start with your first name, last name in terms of email address. Let's say that you have an address which is associated with Bookmap, true data. So the system will pop an error and say that, you know, you need to create an account on Bookmap. But then, so what you need to do is you just need to, you know, initiate that forgot password mechanism, and, you know, like, go, I mean, go through that whole process and we've listed down the steps to be followed. And then you will generate a new password for yourself. So that is what you need to do in terms of just scroll down a bit, Bruce. Okay. So phone number and password, I think that's pretty much, you know, straightforward. Now coming to the bit of a bookmap license. So since, you know, bookmap is a foreign entity, so we'll be, you know, collecting the funds in USD. So $17 is what we're charging on a monthly basis and $175 on a yearly basis. The data will actually be streamed through the ICAC Direct's WebSockets-based API. In terms of the payment system, we've collaborated with Stripe and PayPal. So in terms of Stripe, what you need to do is have your credit cards or debit cards ready, but you need to enable the international e-commerce or online transactions so that your payments go through. So a couple of traders reached out to me yesterday stating that, you know, their payments did not go through, but then once they enabled the international transactions on their net banking, it actually works. So please make sure to do that. And the alternative way is to have a PayPal account, and then, you know, it's pretty straightforward to just process the payment. So if you stay till the end, we'll give you a coupon code that you can probably use over here and get some sort of discount, right? So hang in there. Bruce, can you go back to the page, please? Yes, and just scroll down towards the very end. OK, so what we've done is we've created a new section for all of you because there were a couple of questions. And we understand that at times it can be a bit complex and overwhelming for you to understand new integration. So we have laid down a couple of questions that have been asked time and again as to how to get started. So if you click on that, we have a video for you.  Then, you know, in terms of registering the app, we also have, you know, like points listed down over there, like what you need to do. And, you know, like, we've made the whole process a bit simple for you to understand so that, you know, even if you do not really know much about the API ecosystem or you're very new to this whole, you know, world of trading, you can still understand it, right? So we're trying to, like, make it as simple as possible for you and the trading community at large, right? Bruce, can we go back to the presentation, please? OK, so now with this particular connection, which asset classes are we supporting? So we're supporting futures, stocks, options, and currency derivatives, right? So, I mean, if you take the subscription, you have, you know, pretty much access to everything in terms of NSE level 2 data, right? Then how to get started?  And in the welcome email, you'll have a particular, you know, user guide. So we would be attaching, like, two user guides. Like, one would be in the form of a video, another one is a form of a document so that, you know, like, whoever does not really understand the video properly can, you know, refer to the document and vice versa. So we have, you know, like, taken all the pain points of the customers and the traders and tried to incorporate the video in a way that it's very, very easy for you to access and, you know, get started with this whole integration. So we've already talked about the packages and we already covered the FAQ sections. So let's move on. All right, so now let's have a look at the features and components of Bookmap. So we're finally very happy to actually launch the much-awaited Heatmap feature in the Indian market. So the screenshot that you see over here is of State Bank of India. So we have actually included the screenshot on our new Bookmap India page as well. So, you know, you can check it out there as well. So there were a couple of questions that, you know, do we get Heatmap on Nifty or not? So of course, you get Nifty and Bank Nifty as well. So, you know, we'll be covering that in a bit. Let's move on, Bruce. Okay, so in terms of advanced indicators, you get advanced, like, 10 advanced indicators with this particular integration. Footprint indicator has been requested time and again. So we thought of integrating this with this particular connection. Absorption and sweeps work very well with the Indian market and it actually helps to, you know, identify the real-time, you know, absorption and reversals, right? So that has been, you know, playing a very crucial element in terms of the trading decision-making. We've got POCCVD volume profile will be covered by Bruce in the later segment of this webinar. So let's move on. Okay, in terms of volume delta, you obviously like, you know, see the cumulative volume delta. You also see a couple of other, you know, elements around the delta element. So over here in this particular screenshot, you can see that, you know, this is Nifty, the contractor's pile date is 27th of April and this is futures, right? So, you know, once you have the integration, you cannot have access to Nifty as well. And so there has been a couple of questions that, you know, like how are you getting the data? So we're getting the data through ICS-Direct's WebSockets-Based API. So whatever data they're getting from NSC is directly streamed onto Bookmap, right, in real-time. All right, let's move on. So I have covered the product side of things. Now Bruce will be covering the order flow education element. So he'll be going through the core features, how to set up advance indicators, how to read order flow information on Bookmap and how to find entry, exit and risk management using Bookmap. So he'll be covering all of that. I will just cover one thing and that is how to find symbols on Bookmap, right? So what happens is that you have three types of connections under ICS-Direct, cache, futures and options, right? So under cache, you obviously have NSC and under futures, you have NDX and NFO. So if you want to, let's say, start with NIFTY, so you need to select the type as futures, select the exchange as NFO. NFO means that, you know, NSC futures and options. That's how they have their terminology. And in terms of NDX is basically, you know, the currency derivatives, right? So it is termed as NDX, NSCDX, right? So you can find symbols as USDINR, you know, with an expiry date. And then if you want to find, let's say, options, so again, you need to select the exchange as NFO, which means NSC futures and options, right? And if you want to, let's say, find a symbol of, let's say, NIFTY or BANGNIFTY, so just type, you know, under symbol, just type NIFTY, or else if you want to find, let's say, BANGNIFTY, so for BANGNIFTY, the symbol would be CNX, BAN, yeah? So this has been updated in the FAQ sections also, so you don't need to memorize everything. It's all, you know, like, laid down, as I said earlier, in the FAQ list, so feel free to have a look at it. And also the backfilling that we are doing, right? So we have a list of instruments that we are backfilling, so that has been updated in the FAQ section as well. It's under ICICI FAQ fifth point, so have a look at it, right? That's it from my side. As of now, Bruce, you can take over. OK, thank you, Avashi. And yeah, Avashi is going through all the details there. I just wanted to go through the basics here, looking at today's action. This is in replay mode, but it is today's price action from the market. And just give an introduction here of what Bookmap is. Those of you who are new to Bookmap, and we're really excited about this connection here, and then offering, as you can see here, the data on the heat map. This is a distinction here you guys have been asking for. We're really happy to have this now. And we have it also on the Nifty and the Bank Nifty. It's a little harder to read in here, but the information is in here. Once you start to zoom in, and you can start to see some of the heat map elements in the Bank Nifty and the Nifty as well. So anyway, let's just give an overview here. There are some interesting moves that we wanted to cover on the market in general, especially with State Bank, ICI Bank, and also with the Bank Nifty. As you can see right around 1 o'clock, you can see the drop here. And we'll cover that in just a second. But basically, just an overview here of the elements on the Bookmap chart and what you're looking at. Basically, there's three elements here. It's very simple data. I know this can look complex. It is not. This is one of the values that most of the professional traders really appreciate about Bookmap, is it's not trying to tell you anything more than what it's showing. It is pure data here. So what you're looking at in terms of these three elements will take one off or put one on at a time here and go through it. So let's start with just best bid and offer. We can actually start with candlesticks and take everything else off the chart here. Oops, there we go. I'm sorry. Hold on here. There we go. OK, so we'll close the indicator panel as well. Candlestick, basic candlestick chart, as you can see here, there's a real problem with bar data. It was never meant to give much insight. You're only getting open, high, low, and close of each bar period. This period may be a rinko, maybe a range bar, maybe time, and maybe volume. It doesn't matter. You're only getting four data points. What happened in between these bars in here? You do not know. You cannot see the details in between here. So that's an issue. So what Bookmap does right off the bat is we break that down by just showing best bid and offer. So now you can see the details in here. And hold on a minute here with the candlestick chart. Let's go to five minutes. So in between this five-minute period, this is the price action. Price dropped. It went sideways for a little bit. It kind of dropped pretty precipitously again, but a little bit of a couple of hangups in here. These little areas matter. They're not in the candle. Why do they matter? Because look where price retested, right to this area here. There are market reasons why. There's volume that transacted here. It retested that area. It did not accept. It dropped. So now let's turn on the volume dots, and we can look at that. And then here's why. Here's that drop one, drop two, small pullback, drop three. And the pullback is only two, this drop three in here, as you can see. So that's the second element. And we can look at, do you see a lot of buyers in here? No. It's mostly selling, a little bit of buying in here. But once we see the sellers start to trade at the bottom edge again here, they take the market lower. So these are the things to take a look at and understand this context between volume and the price structure will give you an edge. So that's volume. Then let's go over heat map. The heat map is the final element here on the chart. And you can see this activity between the limit sell and buy orders. In this case, limit buy orders down on the bid. And the reaction or context between the aggressors, the market sell. Big red dot is market sell order. Big green dot or green dot is market buy. Size of the dots relate to how much transacted. The heat map, very simple as well, is showing liquidity. It's all based off of the limit order book. The more liquidity, the redder the color. The scale is up here in the top center. Red, orange, very high liquidity. Then yellow, white, blue, and then black. That's it. That's all it is. But this context now gives a lot of insight. Being able to understand that, yeah, they're supporting it underneath here. They start to not support it. Now we see the sellers take it down. And yeah, just wanted to very briefly go over those three elements. But there's a lot more here now that you're going to get with your package. And that is some of these add-ons. So you can look at footprint. You can also look at sweeps and absorption indicators that we have on here that show when. In fact, here we go. Let's just bump this up a little bit. And maybe we'll put in 1,000 here. All right. So we can see that this works very much kind of like the heat map, in essence. But it's showing where a lot is transacting, but it fails to go further upwards in this case or further downwards in this case. That is absorption. This is a good example right in here. You can see the heat map. So you see all of this massive absorption in here. These are buyers. And sellers are hitting into these buyers here. And it's failing to take price lower. But look at the heat map. You can understand by just looking at the heat map in here. This gives confirmation to that. And then this is where these buyers here are feeling the pain on the way down as sellers take it lower. So this would be a good area to look for as a retest, maybe tomorrow, though, and start to understand these levels in here due to the activity and context between these elements. So anyway, that's the sweeps and absorption. We can hear, though, and we'll probably do a special event just on the footprint alone. But anyway, you will get this as part of the package, along with a host of other add-ons that you're going to get. You're going to get your VWAP. You're going to get your point of control in here as well. And you have the sweeps and absorption. You have the heat map. You have the volume dots, which can also show as volume delta dots, which they are right now. Or total volume, it's up to you. You have all the different displays in here for the volume filtering. And there was this interesting move that we saw earlier today that just wanted to cover this by looking at multiple symbols in here. So we can look at the bank nifty, for example. And well, the bank nifty actually showed a little more strength than some of the individual stocks in here, which is rather interesting. So we had to drop earlier in the morning. And then you can see this beautiful retest back to where it dropped from. This is very, very typical. We were just talking about it in the bank nifty, about all of those transactions, and then the pull away from that area, or I'm sorry, the state bank. And this failed here. So it pulled back to this previous value area, and it failed. You can even look at a little pattern in here, like a bit of a head and shoulders in here. Shoulder, head, shoulders. Sellers take it down here. And then now, this is where it can be really interesting to look at your correlations, jump over to your state bank around that same time. Here's your pullback here. And you can see the weakness in here. It can't even pull back into this area where it dropped from previously. And then you can see that they're trying to support it here. They just can't. They pull their liquidity and the sellers take it down. And not on a lot of volume as well. We can look over also at ICI Bank. You see this one seems to correlate a little bit better. You see more strength in here and correlation with the bank nifty. So it did pull back pretty high. And end of the day here, it's coming back up toward this area here as well. So anyway, just an overview of the, I mean, there are many things to cover in here. This is just a brief overview. You have CVD. You have all of the columns data in here that can be split out. You can look at Delta. You can look at a lot of different things in here. All of these features are all included in the package. So it's a very nice offering. And Ravashi, is there anything else that you wanted me to go over? I think we have good rules. OK. Yeah, I think we are right on time, 6.30 already. Yeah. All right, so for those of you who have stayed till the very end, so we have something for you. So we have this promo code that you can apply. And it's applicable to only the first 100 users. The only catch over here is that it's meant for the yearly subscription.  The promo code is BMIndia10. And we have actually pasted and posted on both Discord and YouTube the important links. So you have the Bookmap India page, the Discord link for those of you who are watching us on YouTube so you can join our Discord community. It's a very active community of the Indian traders. We share charts, daily analysis. If you have any questions around the product, you can directly reach out to me on Discord. So Discord is a good place to start. Apart from this, if you want to actually start your journey in terms of understanding what Bookmap is, we definitely have a lot of playlists on our YouTube channel. But Knowledge Base is also another good place to start. So you have details about all the platforms, features, components, advance indicators. You have the downloadable links of all the JAR files. So you can get information about access, information about anything and everything over there related to Bookmap. And also what we've done is we've collaborated with a lot of order flow experts in India. So they have been creating a lot of interesting content around Bookmap and how they have been using order flow techniques in their day-to-day trading style. So feel free to go through the Bookmap India playlists as well. So we've pasted both of the link on YouTube as well as Discord. So that's it. And then let's move on to the last segment and that's the Q&A. So if you have any questions for Bruce and me, feel free to ask. We'll be answering your questions. OK, no, I think we have no questions. All right, OK, so I'm just going to deep dive into just one topic, which I saw on Discord yesterday. And that was analysis paralysis, which means that traders have options to select from a whole gamut of subscriptions that we actually offer on Bookmap. So I just want to make sure that you understand that it depends on your needs and requirements. Like, for example, if you want to, let's say, opt for only the NSE level to integration, because you trade in the Indian market. So opt for the Bookmap ICIC Direct Connection. If you, let's say, trade in both India as well as overseas, opt for one of our paid packages like Digital Plus, Global Plus. Also another question was that what sort of indicators do you get with the global subscription, Global Plus subscription, and with the India connection that we have? So we actually offer different set of advanced indicators. And that depends on the market data and the integration compatibility. So if they are all compatible and works well, so we sort of then look at releasing them. So as of now, there are 10 indicators which actually work well in the Indian market with this particular new connection that we have. So that's the reason we have released it. And once we have the trading functionality, then we will be releasing a couple of other add-ons as well. But that will take some time, because we've just released this. So I think that's about it. If you don't really have any questions, OK. So there's one question. So to get the data, you need to have a trading account with ICIC Direct. So you just need to have an account which has direct access to the ICICI's Breeze API link. I'm not really sure whether you need to have a trading account, Demat account, or a new plan or something. But as long as you can access it, the Breeze API link, and you're able to establish a connection over there or on Bookmap, I think it should be good. OK, I see this one question, which is the best plan for futures trading, not Indian futures market. So that kind of depends on your needs, MTRs. You need to go through and browse through the plans that we have, because in the US market, I think data is not really included, right? So we sell the platform and the data separately. So a lot of times traders have limitations in terms of budget as well. So whichever fits your trading style and your budget, I think you should go ahead with that. But if you have any difficulties in understanding or analyzing the plans, feel free to reach out to me on Discord. I'll be more than happy to answer your question. OK, all right. So I think that's it then for today's session. Thank you so much for everyone who has joined us today. We hope to see your engagement on Discord. We're trying our level best to boost the engagement there, to get a more sense of community over there. Because at the end of the day, it's best when we share the information that we have, we share the knowledge that we have, right? So we also have something known as Bookmap Blue Shacket Competition going on. So you can create content on our channel, on our Bookmap India Discord channel. And if you share great insights, you can actually win a couple of interesting elements. So I can post the link on Discord once the call gets over. Feel free to go through that particular link. And we'll be more than happy to answer any question if you have with regards to that particular contest as well. So with that, I think that's it for today's webinar. We're more than happy to schedule some other webinars also with regards to scalping, strategies, order flow education, let me know on Discord, what exactly do you want us to do? How can we engage better with you? So we have been, we always make sure that we listen to you. So whatever is your requirement, do let us know and we'll try our level best to cater to your needs. That's it. Thank you very much.


In this first video I want to talk to you about bar charts. I'm here in my Jupiter notebook inside of Microsoft Edge, my web browser. I have navigated to the folder that contains the files that I want to work with and in my case it's in my OneDrive file. I've created a folder called YouTube and inside of that data visualization with a plot key for Python. I have a style sheet, a cascading style sheet that will be uploaded to GitHub so that you can use that as well. I have a Python cheat sheet, a PDF which I'll also download. You can get that from the plot key website. There's a style template which I just always save just to open up and it's got the bare bones of which I want to work with. But here's the file we're looking for, the simple bar chart. Let's open that up and there you go. Everything is ready. You'll see the first cell that I have here is just the import of the cascading style sheet. It's ipython.core.display and from that I import HTML. I reference the file, this cascading style sheet file and that lives in the same folder as this notebook and I just use the HTML function there, open the CSS file in read mode and we read it and if I execute that you'd see that I have this new style. I have my h1 color of the text here being blue, the h2 being this nice orange, etc. It just styles the notebook formula. So let's have a look at the simple bar chart. Now first of all I want to set up my plotly library and what we're going to use here is called the notebook mode so I don't want to have these files uploaded to the plotly website to live in the cloud. I just want to use them locally so I'm going to use the notebook mode. So from plotly.offline I'm going to import iplot and init notebook mode as you can see here and I'm just going to call this function init notebook mode. So if we run this that'll just import this iplot and initializing this notebook mode and it'll initialize this notebook mode. So what do we actually want to import from plotly? Well we're going to start off with these high level charts so bar charts, charts, scatter charts, etc. These are high level and I can just use them as is. So I can say import plotly.graph objects so graph underscore objs as go. Let's do that. So let's start off with a very bare bones chart. The first thing we want to set up is just what is called the trace. We call it trace here as just a computer variable but that just creates on on top of the figure that we are creating this blank figure we're going to put on these elements and it's just a norm or to call them trace. So go remember that's my graph objects dot bar. So immediately the arguments here are specifically for a bar chart that's why we call this high level chart. I didn't have to to design every single little element most of it's already designed inside of this bar object and I just have to pass some arguments to it and I'm going to pass x arguments for the x-axis and y arguments for the y-axis. So what is a bar chart for? A bar chart is for categorical variables. So anything that is not necessarily a number although numbers can also be categorical variables but they are not numerical and are such as the difference between them are not set and standard. So I could call January, February, March 1, 2 and 3 for the first, second and third months of the year but that does not make them numerical variables they are they are still in that instance categorical variables. So bar charts are for categorical variables. So my x-axis here I'm going to have the categories January, February and March and on my y-axis I'm going to have numerical values. So how many things whatever the situation might be in my instance here I'm going to use you'll see later on I'm going to call them sales. So in January there were 10 unit sales in February 11 and in March 14. So those are numerical values on the y-axis categorical variables on the x-axis. Now I'm going to introduce a second computer variable I'm going to call it data and I'm going to pass into that a list so it goes inside of square brackets. I'm going to pass a list of all the traces these are these elements that go on top of my blank figure and in this case I only have one trace but I've got to put that inside of the square brackets I'm referencing trace here as a list element an element inside of this list. Third computer variable that I use here is this fig now these are just standard they used implotically all the time so might as well stick with those and I'm going to call another graph object called a figure that's a blank canvas a blank figure and figure with a capital F as you can see there it takes a couple of arguments in this instance we're only going to use one argument and that's the data argument as you can see here and we're going to set that equal to data which is this data which contains a list of trace and the trace is a bar so it just builds one thing on top of the other so inside of this data that I'm referencing there's a list and the first element in the list is trace and in trace is this element called a bar chart. Finally I'm going to call iplot remember which we imported up here I plot that's for plotting directly in the notebook not using online mode so not not going to the cloud and I'm going to plot this figure fig fig that I've created let's hold down shift and hit enter return and there you go your first beautiful your first very beautiful plot chart so again we can see the x-axis here January February March and we can see the y-axis the values that we put in 10 11 and 14 now I'm going to use my mouse on the left hand side look what happens when I hover over the text over this element this this the elements on this blank figure so the go dot figure what's this blank background and I put these elements on top of it which was on a high level was a bar chart I hover over it and you see that January at the bottom it gets highlighted and the number 10 at the top gets highlighted that's very nice I really like that because if I give a presentation and I don't use PowerPoint for presentations I'm not a PowerPoint user fan well I mean you've got to use it sometime but I try to stick with my Jupyter notebooks and it's very nice to have this interactive plots as you do your presentations and look what happened at the top here as well I get quite a few little buttons here to press and that I really find very useful because I can download this plot as a png file directly on my hard drive and I can put that inside of a hard copy if I was writing a report and it's got to go inside of a Word document etc I can just do that I can save this for editing in chart studio that's online in your plot the online account you can zoom you can pan you can select the box and we're going to see all of these because they become very useful I can zoom in I can zoom out and out even further and out even further I can just go back home and that just reset everything for me I can show the closest data on hover so if I do this you're only going to see January being 10 February 11 March 14 and if I click that you see the highlight happens at the bottom on the x-axis as instead of on top at the at the top there and then I can just open plotly the website itself so very nice especially this download as png file so that is fantastic so let's add a little title because you can see at the top my chart has no title so I'm going to introduce a new variable called layout and this layout is going to be a python dictionary so it goes inside of curly braces and it has the key value pair so the key colon the value the key is title and these go inside of quotation marks so the title that's the key and the value for the dictionary for this key is sales for first quarter now I'm going to redo my fig from up here it's still going to have the trace it's still going to have the data all I'm changing is this fig so go dot figure the data still is the data from our first one but the layout is now this dictionary called layout so this data and layout these are the argument names and the argument values well we gave the computer variables the exactly the same name don't worry there won't be any confusion for python it'll understand and plotly this plotly figure will understand what's going on so data this refers to the data that I created with a trace list and layout this layout refers to this layout so let's plot this shift enter shift return and now at the top I have sales for first quarter so a beautiful title now on the top of my figure what about some access labels now with these categories that we put in January February March it's easy to see that these are months but I might want to specify that and more importantly I want to specify what's on this y-axis because what is one two three four you know you need to you need to know what these are so I'm going to just change my layout computer variable still going to be a python dictionary title is still going to be first quarter elements now the x-axis that's the key it holds a value but the value is another dictionary and that dictionary is again a key and value pair so the title is going to be months and the same for y-axis the key is y-axis the value is another dictionary and that dictionary contains a key value pair the key being title and the value being units now I'm going to do something different remember up here we just said data equals data and layout equals layout but we're going to do something a bit different here so instead of creating a blank figure I'm just going to pass everything as a python live as a python dictionary so here we have I plot and inside of that there's this dictionary and the dictionary is just key value pair comma another key value pair so data is just data still the data from upstairs and the layout is just this new layout so let's shift and enter shift in return and now we can see that we have months here as our x-axis title and units as our y-axis title so that's how many units were sold in January February and March so see the difference here between the two so I did not invoke the figure the go dot figure object here I just passed everything to I plot as a dictionary and sometimes it gets confusing because there's many ways in plotly to do something you'll see more ways as we carry on so so when it comes to the layout and and such I try to stick with these just to stick with the python dictionaries when you stick with the dictionaries it becomes slightly less confusing and you can you can find something that's just you know stuck in your mind and it works for you and just carry on with that so I like just to use for layout and then plotting just the this dictionary way of doing things although you don't have to stick with that as we could see here here we created this blank figure and we pass these arguments to it but I can also just use it as pass to I plot just a dictionary and and as I say there are many things I can do with this x-axis this x-axis being a key and the value pair there are many more things than just a title and we'll see some of them just in this in this tutorial so it just it lessens the confusion confusion for me but look at the website the plotly website and you might find other ways and we'll we'll look at some of these in future videos but stick I stick with this but look look what what works for you so let's just rotate these labels at the bottom you know January February March it's quite quite small here so they fit in with this big chart that we have here but sometimes you have long categorical variable names here data point values here and and we've all seen plots where these names actually you know start printing on top of each other and the easiest way to get rid of that is obviously to shorten the data point values these your sample space values but sometimes it's not possible and you just want to rotate them and look at this and that's the reason why I like these dictionaries because look at this I have layout again which is a dictionary key value pair here's another key value pair but now I have two elements here in this value side of the x-axis being the key and the value being another dictionary and inside of that dictionary there are two key value pairs title is months and the tick angle is minus 20 I don't put that inside of quotation marks because it's not this is just a value in a medical value so I'm going to say minus 20 and that rotates at negative 20 degrees and my y-axis is still all the same so let's run that and if we scroll down we see we have this negative 20 degree from from the horizontal it's tilted down negative 20 degrees so if you have these long words and sentences there you know they can all fit in because of that angle now let's color these bars the blue is fantastic I like this color but you are free to do what you want so I'm going to just change my trace here it's still a bar high level bar chart I still have the x-axis values being categorical January February March I still have my y values being a medical 10 11 14 but now I'm going to change the marker I'm going to introduce this marker and again it's a dictionary but this is another way just to do a dictionary so I'm going to call this dict here and the first thing I want to pass is color and the color is going to be a list and this list refers to the elements as you pass them on the x-axis so I have one two three elements January February March I've got to pass three colors here and I'm going to use this format note that I have these quotation marks they can be single or double they're single in this instance but it's RGB a RGB a means I can I can also pass a fourth of value here which would be transparency zero being fully transparent one being completely opaque and anything in between so it's red green and blue channel and then opacity so RGB a and then parentheses 255 that's maximum on the red zero for blue green and zero for blue and full full of paceness so value of one day the second one is 204 204 204 so that's going to be this light gray and it's going to be totally opaque and again totally opaque so January is going to be this red color and March and April is going to be this light gray color and the data is still the trace now I can't just use the ones I used up before because data referred to to a different trace and I've changed the trace here so I've just got to do data equals trace again as a list element and then the layout exactly the same and I'm passing this dictionary to iPod nothing new there and now you can see these beautiful colors because I can now have January being this red and the other colors being this light gray fantastic now why is this one red and these ones gray well I might want to indicate to my audience why this was done so I can actually change this hover text remember if I hit this one show closest data on hover it's going to do both the x-axis and y-axis in one little tooltip there January or hover text there January 10 and if I do that it's just going to highlight them separately now hover text means I can individualize every element that I hover over to have its own text so we've had marker we've seen that so introducing a new argument here to the bar to bar here text and I've got to do it individually so the red was going to be below target above target and above target everything else is the same let's run that and now if I hover I see this extra text appear in this hover so that was I put a 10 and that's below target and that one was above target and that one is above targets you can see you can build in this beautiful narrative here because you can put a lot of information in this text if you really want to to draw attention to what's happening here to inform your audience so that's fantastic so let's move things up just with a grouped bar chart and now I want to have two sets of elements on here and so I've changed my computer variable to trace zero and trace one and with a bar chart be careful now because we want the same sort of space for both I've got January February March and January February March and I've got my y values 10 11 14 as before and the second y is 12 13 17 but now I'm going to add a name because I need to tell properly that these two things are separate so I'm going to say name equals last year and this name equals this year so you can well imagine that I'm just going to take this year's data and compare to last year's data that might be interesting and now look how data is changed I'm now passing two elements to this list still got to be a list still inside of square brackets I've got trace zero and trace one the layout is going to be exactly the same but I'm introducing this new key value pair of bar mode and the bar the bar mode that I want to use here is group so what it's going to do is going to group January and January February and February March and March hence they've got to be the same and then I'm still going to use this dictionary to pass to I plot and now they've been grouped and we see last year in blue and this year in orange that will be the default colors and you see that they are indeed grouped so I've got this year and last year this year and last year this year and last year a beautiful way just to do that now we need to group them like this we can stack them as well and here I have exactly the same thing but instead of bar mode being group I've made bar mode being stacked as the key value pair here and if we run that we see that now we now have this stacked version of it but if I hover you know you can still see that this year's is 12 and last year was 10 you don't have to go to the x-axis in your mind and your audience have to mentally try and see where's that top and subtract from the 10 to see that it actually gets to 12 no no plotly makes it brilliantly easy with your hover you can give a beautiful presentation just to hover over these and explain so that's our first tutorial on plotly my all-time favorite library for plotting inside of python but inside of other languages as well and a nice introduction for you start playing with us and we'll carry on with this playlist on youtube and I'll introduce you to a lot more plotting using plotly for python before you do go there please subscribe to this channel for all the information that I'm trying to get you hit that notification button the little bell there to let you know when new videos are uploaded thanks a lot


Welcome to George H. Smith's Excursions into Libertarian Thought, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. I'm your host, Terence West. Natural Rights and the Moral Foundations of Libertarianism, Part One, by George H. Smith. Aaron Powell asked if I would be interested in writing something this week on the foundations of Libertarianism, so I'm interrupting my series on HT Buckle to do precisely that, but I'm unable to do even a moderately adequate job in just one essay, so I'll take two. As is my one, I will spend much of this essay, and some of the next, sketching some historical background on the theory of natural rights. I do this not because I'm a history buff, though I certainly am that, but because it can be nearly impossible to appreciate the philosophical theory without some knowledge of its provenance. In short, I believe the theoretical justification for natural rights is interwoven throughout the history of that doctrine. But history is not everything, so in my next essay I shall consider some purely theoretical issues. There has recently been considerable discussion on Libertarianism.org about the non-aggression principle in AP, or alternatively what Randians frequently call the non-initiation of force principle in IOF. I trust my listeners already understand that neither qualifies as a moral foundation of Libertarianism. They are merely ways of formulating a premise that all or most Libertarians share. If you subscribe to the NAP or to the NIOF principle, then you probably qualify as a Libertarian. But there remains the question, how can these principles be justified? What is their moral foundation? A theory of natural rights, in my judgment, is the moral foundation of Libertarianism. So let's begin with a clarification of terms. Historically, the natural, in natural rights, referred to two different but interrelated things. First, to moral principles that are based on the nature of man and social interaction in contrast to rights that are created by customary or man-made positive law. Second, to moral principles that can be discovered and justified by the natural faculty of reason alone without the assistance of divine revelation. In modern Libertarian thought, and in political philosophy generally, to speak of a right is to speak of an enforceable moral claim. Thus when we say that a right has been violated, we mean that the victim has the option of using physical force against the violator, whether in self-defense or for the purpose of restitution and or punishment. The most fundamental problem in the history of classical liberal and Libertarian thought was to draw a bright line between persuasion and coercion. There were reasons for this concern, but the first and foremost urgent problem had to do with the desire for religious freedom. As John Milton put it in the 17th century, here the great art lies to discern in what law is to bid restraint and punishment and in what things persuasion only is to work. A few decades later John Locke insisted that it is one thing to persuade, another to command, one thing to press with arguments, another with penalties. And in the following century, Adam Smith wrote, we must always carefully distinguish what is only blameable or the proper object of disapprobation from what force may be employed either to punish or to prevent. The theory of natural rights was specifically designed to establish a bright line between persuasion and coercion. Rights define and delimit the legitimate use of physical force or the threat of force in social interaction. Rights are therefore essential elements in the Libertarian theory of justice.  Justice is a negative virtue in so far as it demands only that we abstain from using coercion when dealing with other people. As Adam Smith put it in the theory of moral sentiments, we may often fulfill all the rules of justice by sitting still and doing nothing. Libertarianism does not say how we should live our personal lives. It merely says that if we choose to interact with others, we should do so by voluntary means. And it goes on to apply this basic social imperative to the political sphere by following a procedure that I call political reductionism. This means that all legitimate political rights must ultimately be reducible to the rights of individuals. Individuals do not gain special or exclusive rights by combining into groups or by calling themselves a government. Thus, if a government coerces people in the name of a right that no individual could possibly possess, then we know that it is acting unjustly. Libertarianism, as I said, is concerned with matters of justice, not with personal ethics. Merely because an act is just does not make it moral. This is the essential distinction between crimes and vices. A sleazy low-life character may treat others abysmally, but so long as he does not violate their rights, then his reprehensible conduct should be dealt with by means of voluntary social sanctions, not by means of coercive laws. Like many libertarians of my generation, I came to libertarianism through the writings of Einrand, and despite some disagreements, I still regard her essay, Man's Rights, as one of the finest brief treatments of the topic ever written. But there are a number of significant similarities between Rand's approach and those of previous natural law philosophers, such as Hugo Grosius and Samuel Pufendorf. I'm not suggesting that Rand borrowed from those sources. On the contrary, she was obviously unfamiliar with them, but as John Hosper's once observed, Rand reinvented a number of wheels in moral and political philosophy, and she showed remarkable ingenuity in doing so. In the early modern period, natural law and natural rights were often discussed in the context of the law of nations, or what Jeremy Bentham later called international law. The ultimate purpose of such works was to establish objective criteria for a just war. It is therefore understandable why detailed discussions of such criteria became especially popular and influential with the major work by Hugo Grosius in 1625. For this was published during the Thirty Years' War from 1618 to 1648, one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. Those modern philosophers who scoff at the notion of a state of nature and who lecture about its unhistorical nature often fail to appreciate why the state of nature was such an urgent topic of discussion among 17th century philosophers. John Locke expressed the prevailing view of his contemporaries when he wrote, "'Tis often asked as a mighty objection. Where are, or ever were, there any men in such a state of nature? To which it may suffice as an answer at present, that since all princes and rulers of independent communities all throughout the world are in a state of nature.' "'Tis plain the world never was, nor will ever be, without numbers of men in that state. Debates over the moral status of individuals in a state of nature played an indispensable role in just war theory.' "'Because sovereign nation-states were viewed as being in a state of nature, vis-a-vis other nation-states.'" As M. R. D. Vitell, an influential 18th century just war theorist, put it, nations may be regarded as so many free persons living together in a state of nature. This means that the reciprocal rights and duties that would apply to individuals in an anarchistic state of nature can also be applied to relationships between sovereign nation-states. A state of nature, or natural society, is society without government, i.e. a society without a common sovereign or judge who can adjudicate disputes between members of society. Described by John Locke as a condition of pure anarchy, the state of nature was an extremely useful model that permitted philosophers to explore the extent of natural rights, i.e. those enforceable moral claims that individuals would possess in a natural society absent government. Such considerations were relevant, indeed indispensable, to international law because sovereign nation-states, like individuals in a hypothetical state of nature, cannot appeal to a common judge to adjudicate their disputes or to a common sovereign to enforce their decisions. The burning questions thus became, are there objective principles of justice that should govern the relationships between nation-states? Are there objective moral principles knowable to the common reason of humankind by which we can distinguish just from unjust wars? Or may every sovereign justify aggressive wars, no matter how destructive in the name of national interest? This latter approach, known as race on debt for reasons of state, and typically associated with Machiavelli, was the chief rival of natural law philosophers of just war theory. All this helps to explain why the voluminous writings on international law during the 17th and 18th centuries typically began with an explanation and justification of the natural rights and duties of individuals. Although there were important differences among the writers on international law, their works, generally considered, provided the infrastructure for a good deal of political philosophy, including the ideas of libertarian oriented philosophers. Consider two of the most influential writers on international law in European history. In 1625, Hugo Grosius published his massive Deuri Belli Akpagus, which has been translated as both the rights of war and peace, and the law of war and peace, which spawned a host of subsequent works on the same topic, most notably Samuel Pufendorf's even more massive work, Deuri Naturei E genitum, the law of nature and nations, 1672. John Locke praised both these books as essential reading for those who wish to be instructed in the natural rights of men and the original foundations of society and the duties resulting from thence. Grosius and Pufendorf dealt with issues that we should not barely touch at, but constantly dwell upon and never have done with. Locke was especially laudatory of Pufendorf's book, which he called the best book of that kind. Locke heaped this praise on Grosius and Pufendorf despite the fact that he disagreed with many of their political conclusions. He did so because he understood the value of their detailed discussions of rights. This was the infrastructure that I noted earlier and modern libertarians will find much of their theoretical infrastructure in the same genre of the law of nations or international law. Consider, for example, how Grosius approached the subject of individual rights. Grosius based his theory of rights on an ethics of rational self-interest. In the words of Richard Tuck, a leading authority in this field, Grosius went back to the principles of the Stoics. In particular, the Stoics claim that the primary force governing human affairs is the desire for self-preservation. But he interpreted this desire in moral terms as the one and only universal right no one could ever be blamed for protecting themselves. Man has an impelling desire for society according to Grosius, but the benefits of social interactions are conditional. Other people can harm us as well as help us, so certain conditions must be maintained if we are to reap the advantages of social interaction. Fortunately, man possesses the unique ability to reason, which Grosius described as the faculty of knowing and acting in accord with general principles. Reason thus enables man to formulate and act upon the general principles that set the foundation for a beneficial social order. Foremost among these conditions is the preservation of one's suum, i.e. moral jurisdiction and power over one's life, body, and actions. For Grosius, these spheres of moral jurisdiction are expressed in terms of rights, which define and delimit the use of physical force in society. Grosius would have agreed wholeheartedly with Einran's statement, individual rights are the means of subordinating society to moral law. According to Grosius, people form political societies primarily for the purpose of protecting their rights from the violent invasion of others. The end of society is to form a common and united aid to preserve to everyone his own. Self-preservation is a fundamental right that is violated by the initiation of physical force, so self-defense is a right which nature grants to everyone. Rights do not prohibit all use of force, but only that use of force which attempts to take away the rights of another. The right of self-defense justifies the retaliatory use of force. A person, if he has no other means of saving his life, is justified in using any forcible means of repelling an attack. If this approach may be called egoistic, owing its emphasis on the morality of self-interested actions, we must keep in mind that it is a universalistic egoism, a form of egoism in which every person has an equal right to pursue his or her self-interest within the boundaries of justice. Considered in terms of fundamentals, this approach is the same as that found in the ethical egoism of Ein Rand. This has been Excursions into Libertarian Thought, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. To learn more about Libertarian philosophy and history, visit www.libertarianism.org. I'm Terence West. Thanks for listening.


Everybody forced here rip in at twenty twenty-three Finest baseball case number 97 That's baseball case 97 Wait non-shop if I hear it, then I'll read off the names and teams for you getting there getting there Oklahoma, Texas gonna be good this year Lane. I mean texture should win it right are we Adam L The twins Alexandros the Mariners Brandon S has the Reds and Phillies Christy Padres Jacob F Yankees James S. Cubs Jordan W. Red Sox Joseph S. A's and Guardians Joshua B. Has the Brewers Matthew W. White Sox Matthew M. Astros Michael S. Diamondbacks Orioles Angels Robert M. Marlins Pirates and Nationals Ron R Cardinals Scott F Royals Mets Sean M. Has the Rays Shane W. Dodgers Trevor F. Has the Braves Tigers Rangers and Jays Wayne has the Cardinals and Giants good luck everybody or sorry the Rockies and Giants are for Wayne Rockies Giants do it Big CFL matchup. Yeah, Sean loves the CFL. Let's see a super. Yeah, these are these are sick These are fire the Father's Day hats stunk this year, but the Mother's Day hats were gas as always Sean loves the Chiefs. Yeah, I thought that's that's usually the chain that he wears Shane I didn't see that. Why were they calling you Andy Reed? That's funny Green Lobby rookie Josh young 13 of 99 Texas after a certain I switch game. Hey the Chiefs Find that all is so funny Shane beaver all the refractor Cowboys Look any team can be the NFL's golden team just get a really good quarterback and you're fine World's finest Miguel Cabrera definitely showing rookie Otto Cody Clemens for the Phillies And we'll make sure all the teams are good quarterbacks make the playoffs refractor Javier Baez Sean likes the Chiefs and Cowboys Victor Headliners Beltray I wish there was baseball too. There's there's like some decent college games on apparently though For like nothing dude a late-round pick swap. Hey, that's insane man. The Bears got wrecked on that trade. Yep. Adley Rutschman I think he'll do really well Pasquantino rookie refractor for Kansas City Rookie light blue to 300 lending sosa white socks blue refractor rookie Otto Nationals Alex call the 150 Oh, yeah, well, I mean the NBA also has a Canadian team and What else am I gonna say so does the so does major league baseball Vladdie refractor Yeah, I mean, which is crazy. Field's always been good. He's Eat some help man. Rookie to 250 is Spujin army for the A's Green wave rookie Otto Michael Grove Dodgers to 99. That is the third auto in the first box There we go. There we go Starting off with a bonus Maybe that trades a win-win because the Bears looked better the last two weeks without clay pool Way better. Not even like better. Just way better and then dolphins just add to uh their weapons Got rookie aqua to 199 account Mitchell for the pirates Romney utover refractor DJ Morris better than the seed of laminated Brown. I don't necessarily disagree with that. I just think he has to prove it Rose gold rookie to 75 Nick Pratt though Royals He has to be more consistent, but he's also been on the Panthers and now the Chicago Bears, so Rookie Otto join him in SS nationals Our not a refractor Purple refractor rookie to 250 leover piguardo pirates God, David Ortiz rivalries red sox aqua blue to 250 will be shed blue jays Oh guys, Sean forgot his chief chain iron buckson All in the refractor and like leak or something What is this now? What is this now? Gold rivalries number 250 is a freddy freeman dodgers Little rivalries the 50 nice card Dodgers Fractor Garrett called gold refractor Otto Hozier Amir as one of 50 guardians great hit for cleveland's Jram Man guardians need to get better this offseason or or give Shane Bieber to the red sox Which way do you go out?  What the door behind you? Who was that? Oh jake locked him out. Oh geez. Oh, yeah, we were confused. I'm like, what is he doing? Jake He's probably too busy making making burner accounts. Yeah Highlanders tatsis Awkward vapor to 250 shame McClannahan raise As soon as you walk in we pulled McClannahan Jake ready for tomorrow ready for tomorrow jake.  I'll come back to you some fanatics Rookie Otto bryan serving Rockies Yeah, then I got you out of next week got you out of the Monday night work and then the Tuesday daytime I got you out of that To 300 rookie shale angle years A's Jake he chased in a boomer chrome university rick here factor brice terang Shadr No derm chasing Shadr Rookie to 199 simian woods richardson for the 20s on the aqua In a row. Yeah, dude.  Yeah, he really is Black and gold is headliners rafael devers red sox Can suki roll It's right jake She's the most decorated Uh, jim this is the ball time now rookie refractor dl hall orials Are they No, I don't trust hamin. I think I know they're trying to try to get Bieber apparently People are saying they should trade i'm not saying that they're going for but like people are saying like yeah It makes sense because people want to move on from before they got a you guys want glass down Green refractor rookie auto max castillo to 99 for the royals. I'd be all right glass now You guys can have christian christian royal. No, I'm not giving up on kowsky rookie refractor spencer steer reds. What's that? Dude, I don't know you're asking a lot for guys that pitch consistently and stay healthy But let us get yandhi and uh, let us get siri Yeah Anymore yandhi siri and uh Common arrow rookie to 300 gear mitchell brewers Yeah, jake's leaving now. He's good. Let's get disgusted Aqua shimmer k-175 gear mitchell again brewers great, dude. What do you guys say red sox trade? Carter crawford and we get you and your common arrow. Yeah, it's a great deal for the um for someone rickier refractor hunter brown You're a bot At least jake can open the door. Yeah purple at 250 trade turner What are you guys saying? What's uh, where's our tiny going like? Where is he really gonna go?  They're gonna give you just as much money as anybody else He used to stay in southern california green lava to 99 paul goldschmidt Cardinals rookie auto alex call again for the nationals nationals. That's their third auto at least Chili's chili's was good at one point I'll still get their chicken tenders Oh The crispers are really crispers. I had the honey chip only once but they also have national hot chicken now Those are pretty fire too, but the next day. I was um Natural hot.  Excuse me. Sorry red sox aqua rookie to 199 jonathan aranda for tampa bay Rikki refractor jonathan aranda tampa bay akunya headliners Excited to get these division series started tomorrow Purple to 250 louise castillo mariners Rikki refractor cow Mitchell pirates Rookie sky blue to 300 michael toglia rockies Headliners cow ripkin Rikki refractor woods richardson twins Come on finest redemption Finest moments auto love joe mower twins good stuff twins. That'd be awesome Twins joe mower redemption. All right pristine pristine coming up a lot of orders coming in loving it. Thank you guys Star Wars baseball football Christine is down to nine into the single digits now All right, so Paul said Orioles so nobody in chat has any other so he's guessing on the Orioles pristine next 59 99 random teams four boxer Next international shipping will be the first week of november Anything ordered in october will ship the first week of november Rikki refractor jj bladay With the a's rookie auto carlos pares white sox Gold refractor to 50 hulia rodriguez. That's nice That dude's a stud lava here rookie to 100 oswaldo or oswald paraza. Sorry.  That's pretty good Did you Don't don't done for Rikki green speckled 125 oswaldo cabrera. I guess I was just a bit early blue design variation rikki auto shale angle years to 150 for the a's solid hit for oakland Yeah, first week of every month. Yep So we start on the first of the month, but it could take a few days to get everything shipped out rikki refractos equal diran for the rangers Take some balancing because you can't stop domestic shipping. You've got to keep everything kind of rolling in a decent fashion Rikki blue refractor brian bayo at a 150 boston The two straight weeks for fields have been good. That's good The young cubies do well Fractor cow rally world's finest will smith dodgers More pristine spots coming in thanks to greg and mike And I saw some football coming in as well Come on y'all. We are close We're at six to go on pristine Sweets, yeah spots looking good guys six to go on pristine next All right, so there's one now the patriots can tank We can tank for Caleb Collapse for Caleb. That's what we'll call it Gotta have something gotta have a catchy name Nice design variation rookie 1099 is corbin carol diamondbacks Rikki refractor logan ohape. No, yep for ohape for the angels Blue refractor rookie michael harris atlanta. There you go 64 of 150 Rikki refractor adley rushman Let me play in his first postseason game tomorrow green speckle the 125 for nendotatis jr and blue refractor rookie auto matthew batten for the uh Padres out of 150 world's finest mike trout Rikki refractor jordan walker I mean i'm over bill bellichick Yeah, you know your special teams and defense are gonna be great Through hell, I don't know if the defense is great anymore without losing judon christian christian katalas I don't know but when healthy that the patriots defense is great, but What good is that if your offense score is like? A touchdown a game If that it didn't happen last week if that Rikki auto stefanik for the angels I'm tired bellichick for sure Trying to win football games like it's the early 2000s still Rikki refractor max meyer for the marlins Like the more time goes on the more apparent it is that brady was that dynasty Yeah, bellichick is a huge part of it because he kept You know Even if the even if brady's offense is struggling like the defense was pretty good still, but Oh boy Like You're lying if you say if you say that it's Equal parts both Who went to tampa bay tampa bay of all places want to circle the next season. So I mean Like literal tampa bay I know they were a good roster and all that but it's still like To the rams, yeah Uh Jude I forget what happened to jude on I know Gonzalez has a had a torn labrum and he just had season ending shoulder surgery What happened to jude on again torn bicep? Yeah. Yeah torn torn bicep. So he's like He's out a while Yeah, got stanton on the refractor. Yeah, he's out a while. He's not season ending, but With a guy like that like an impact player like that that's A massive loss rikki refractor vote by yankees their defense is still good But that's two like the top four or five guys on your defense go on so To my bicep wants doing some breaks It's tough times purple to 250 pita lanzo for the Mets Rikki refractor von grissom at lanta green wave rikki otto michael tugliaz a 99 iraqi's Headliners, vladdy. That's some really cool starter jackets. They only had 100 made of though. Really 300 is light blue ohtani angels to grom refractor Gonzalez Yeah, we got that It's all men Rikki refractor liberator cardinals all you gotta get out of there. They're gonna find anything there rikki otto buddy kennedy diamax They'll have them rikki green cal michael the 99 for the pirates Let's go ahead and do a recap Uh, that was not the best case overall. There were some teams that did really well still Lot of numbered autos Nothing that was like All right numbered cards here 300 ohtani Tuglia gary michael langeliers sosa 250 a lanzo castillo trade turner mclanahan peguerto beshets fujinami 299 a ronda and richardson or simi woods richardson cal michael 275 gorman gary michael julia rodriguez to 150 we had michael harris and brian bayo to 125 tatis and cabrera to 100 paraza to 99 cal michael goldschmidt's corbin carol josh young 75 nick prato to 50 was a freddy freeman rivalries gold and a gold julia rodriguez as well autos of a buddy kennedy michael stafanik carlos pares mark appell alex call conan smith and jigba brian servin joined by ns s cody clemens shea langeliers the 150 as well as matthew badden and alex call to 99 we had castillo toglia and grove to 50 we had jose ramirez and redemption joe mower twins finest moments in the autograph thanks everybody for the fill on that's we're moving on now to some pristine