Hello and welcome to OWASP and CSA IoT impacting medical security. My name is Aaron Guzman. I am the product security lead at Cisco Maraki in charge of all things hardware, firmware and IoT security. I also lead the OWASP IoT project along with sub projects co-chair for the cloud security Alliance IoT working group. I've co-authored the IoT penetration testing cookbook. I'm a technical reviewer with packet publishing and no starch press. Practical IoT hacking is the latest publication released in March of this year 2021, although right on its heels is bug bounty boot camp which is soon to be released in the coming months. In practical IoT hacking, you will find some medical device oriented attack techniques for network protocols such as DICOM. So make sure to check them out. I will promise you, you will learn a thing or two. So really happy to be here, you know, presenting on OWASP and cloud security Alliance. I will first, you know, talk about some of the hats that I wear multiple depending on the day. And we'll get started with OWASP for those who don't know. For those who have who are familiar, you may have come across OWASP if you are trying to remediate a software security vulnerability. But for those who do not know, OWASP is a an acronym for open web application security project. OWASP is a nonprofit started in, started up in 2001. And it's actually the 20th anniversary this year. So it's a big milestone. OWASP has great, very smart experts from all paths around the world. There are regional and global events. And what I mean by events is conferences and hackathons. So there's global apps like USA's, Europe, APAC, Latin America, but also regional and states, you know, chapters, right? Like apps at California is one that is near and dear to my heart and one that I help organize, you know, pre pandemic at this point. Essentially, OWASP is an authoritative source for software security. So if you get a chance, check out the OWASP flagship projects. Won't be a waste of time. You might be surprised and find anything or two that you didn't know before, whether it's a piece of knowledge or a tool or guidance. So I'm here to talk about the OWASP IoT project Internet of Things. This project was founded in 2014 and designed to help manufacturers, developers and consumers better understand IoT security issues. And now the idea was to kind of cast a net wide and apply our knowledge and education, you know, to as many as many paths and areas and audiences. So that's the way we've kind of approached some of our projects with projects or tools and guidance and best practices. And when you think about medical device security, right? Medical device security, you know, the platforms that they run on it could be embedded Linux, it could be Windows, it could be bare metal, meaning, you know, microcontrollers without operating systems. And software is controlling, right, is the crux of controlling that the functionality of those devices. And what the IoT project is, is, you know, some of the projects that we work on is, you know, to help the security and the awareness aspects of, you know, developing and deploying, right, and building. So we've been cited in numerous publications and information security standards. The most recent one that I've stumbled upon was the FTC had cited us for building security into Internet of Things in 2021 to our surprise, which is awesome.  You know, we're looking to collaborate more GSMA, other folks in the space, especially in the medical, right. We'll talk about, you know, some of the, the work in the medical space, obviously. So the project, we've broken it up into a couple of different categories, namely, see, can understand that we'll talk about today, and also talk about the validation. And so, see, can understand, we have a couple, couple projects that we'll talk through today, the top 10, the IoT top 10, and IoT go, and to make the IoT top 10 kind of more applicable for some groups. So we created a mapping project and map them to a number of sister projects in the industry. IoT top 10, this is essentially our flagship project. It's meant to create the awareness and supposed to be, you know, top 10 things to avoid when building, deploying and managing IoT systems. And when we developed this list, you know, we have a methodology to which we use and, you know, we gather data from different sources, right, and we look at sister projects. And the theme was simplicity, again, casting that net wide to, you know, manufacturers, consumers. And the enterprise as well who are who are using these devices in their network. And we wanted to highlight, essentially, what are the highest priority issues, you should be aware of. Now the list isn't necessarily ranked from the most critical to the least critical. Although, from the prevalence, you'll notice, you know, the, you know, ranging from one how common and pervasive some of these issues are, and the impact that attackers can, can gain. And, and, you know, once exploit once exploited into an environment and when talking about medical that game could be someone's life, right. What is IOT go. I think it is a deliberately vulnerable firmware. And what we did is we based it off of open WRT and open WRT is, is and build system. And what build system is it makes it easy, easier, essentially to, to compile and build firmware. And it does that in a way right that's that's open source and which is why we chose open WRT. The other reason why we chose open WRT is it's compatibility with all devices that you may have. Let's say laying around old routers or old networking equipment or, you know, devices that are compatible with open WRT and give you that flexibility to flash IOT go and to practice finding and identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities within firmware. So when we developed IOT go we incorporated as much as we could have the IOT top 10. And when I say as much as we could. I mean, everything aside from the hardware and, and kind of process base well actually everything aside from the hardware and that's that's actually in our roadmap as well. And so what we wanted to do is, is use this vulnerable firmware as a you as a learning platform for professionals researchers software developers. And so who is looking to get into firmware hacking IOT hacking and and give them that playground to let loose and to practice and to level up and gain that confidence. If you've ever gotten started into IOT hacking, I'm sorry, firmware hacking. It's, it's, it's a tall, it's a tall order, right. If you have no previous exposure or visibility. And this is meant as, as a platform to help enable folks, you know, get more confident and familiar with the types of vulnerabilities that are within firmware. So I'll show a few screenshots. Here's the login page. By the way, this is IOT go is up on GitHub. If you want to have a play, you're more than welcome to. Here is the secret developer diagnostics page. You'll find these somewhat common or uncommon maybe leftover from debug code for from devices. Usually, right. It is not a good sign when you find these types of diagnostic pages that allow access, you know, by other means that you know elevated capabilities. So we develop challenges to, to walk you through how to find the vulnerabilities and a part of a roadmap is how to fix the vulnerabilities as well. What you see here on your screen is the back door for IOT go. Essentially a, a service that is running on startup. You can connect to that particular service and get root access. And practice post exploitation if you'd like. Meaning going from device to device inside of a network, or keeping it simple. Simple is always the best right especially when you're getting started. So here is the listening network services from NMAP. And you'll see the common HTTP. UP and P as well as a couple of services that run on high ports that are unknown, which might be fruitful if you poke at them and you find out what they're running. Who knows, you may get access to a device, you may exploit a vulnerability. So good luck. Have a play. IOT code is there, is there as a resource for you all. And we'll talk a little bit more of, you know, what, what you can use in conjunction with IOT code next. So our other category is validate and test. And this is validate and test and invalidating tests. We have the IOT security verification standard for more security testing methodology and bite sweep, which is a tool for more analysis tool for more security testing methodology was meant to lower the barrier of entry for IOT hacking, including medical devices right. So this is just could be used hand in hand with IOT go. And the idea is to enable more professionals or more, more folks who are interested in getting into firmware hacking and providing those guide rails and providing the guidance and kind of a systematic, you know, in a systematic way, all in, you know, one resource. And if you're like me, you know, you, you, when you get started in firmware, you're like, ah, there's so much going on, I don't know where to start this is this might be for you. And like any other methodology, right, you can jump from step to step. And what we've done is we broke it down into nine steps. Right. And the nine steps, again, depending on your, your scope and your expertise. And the foothold you may already have, you know, you can jump around as mentioned. We've went ahead and provided tool usage examples, walkthroughs, right, again, to be able to help and show and teach essentially, you know, the common techniques, the common tools. And what we've done is create a companion virtual machine with preloaded tools, vulnerable firmware such as, you know, iot go but also a few others that the industry has provided, and even some that have known vulnerabilities for, for products and manufacturers out there. You know, zipped up and, you know, trying to keep the space minimal. So again, really trying to try to enable more folks to get going and get some help with with firmware hacking and start poking around into, you know, iot devices medical devices right iot security verification standard. So is vs what it consists of is is three verification levels. And we have five chapters, or if you want to call them domains with the total of 138 controls, don't pay attention to the controls so much. But the aim of the project is to create a basis for for testing iot application software and their technical controls but also to develop contextual requirements for secure development and design. So you can use it as part of the hardware design for medical devices use as a set of product security requirements to be included into product requirement documents prds if you're a manufacturer. If you're buying devices you can use them for procurement of medical devices, developing medical device security training. This is the security posture of a medical device and provides a basis right to define verification levels based off of the medical devices risk. You know, today, there isn't, you know, a standard to help normalize, you know, the coverage of how well my iot device my medical device has been has been tested. There's potentially, you know, tribal knowledge or maybe there's an overview of a methodology, but this this this aims to plug those gaps and help clear the ambiguity there. And so we followed our sister sister projects within OWASP. The ASVS is for the web, the MASVS for mobile and the SCVS for software composition. I'll think about it like supply chain and building building software. This project is still, I'm sorry, is in release candidate stage. It's been a rough year. But we are hoping to get it out fairly soon for you all and we're just tidying things up. So we are open to additional feedback and contributors and we'll we'll get to how you can reach us later on. Some honorable mentions that that affect the medical device security, the embedded application security best practice best practices will previously released around 2016 timeframe. And we are doing a refresh with newer, newer techniques, newer guidance, different formatting. Right now we have a base set of seven that you see on the screen here with sensitive data management down to cryptography. Initially, we had 10. And again, this is still a work in progress. Right. And and if you notice Yachto and open WRT these are, these are very popular embedded build systems for for devices. You can see directly, you know, your medical device that you that you purchase, if it has a Linux operating system is built with one of these, one of these built systems here. And the hardware security testing methodology is something that it is that is a work in progress. And again, you know, kind of taking that that that step even even lower from firmware or actually stage lower. Where you have the hardware and let's say you need to pull the firmware and to find vulnerabilities and then exploit them. This hardware methodology testing methodology will help you in that endeavor, when you're embarking on those types of assessments those hardware analysis, the tools, you'll need to have in your toolkit. The techniques you'll have to keep in mind when to try which technique. And again, it's for those for those folks who again need that that guide rail a little bit of a kickstart or something to, you know, kind of keep you honest and reference as like hey, you know, I am ensuring I'm covering these certain areas for these vulnerable hardware debug interfaces, these, these you are these serial interfaces these J tags. So what do I connect to these. What do I do afterwards. How do I gain root access and gain persistence. So we hope to get these resources will be helpful to you all. But you might be asking, this is all lost these are all lost projects. Why is all wasp involved in iot and then hardware and then embedded. Well, the end of the day. Everything is software right without software hardware would not be able to function from where we're not be able to talk to the hardware the drivers right wireless protocols. All software zeros and ones right if you want to take it down even to the slowest switching hats now to my cloud security Alliance hat. Brief intro about cloud security Alliance, the global organization with a similar structure than a wasp free to join and participate resources best practices and events as well. I guess that the large the larger differentiator would be the cloud security certifications that they offer, and a wasp is does not offer such certifications they are 501 3C. Both great groups, I give 100% of credit to to both of these organizations, and where I'm at, without either these organizations I would have not had opportunities to edit books and write a book. So, keep that in mind as, as you're pondering whether I should get involved throughout this presentation. Cloud security Alliance iot working group. I've been a part of this group since the beginning and it was originally part of the mobile working group in 2014. When we spun when we spun off. We've also, you know, work with with industry regulatory and corporate and corporates as well, you know, from from the collaboration perspective and we've been lucky enough to be incited and RFCs and different standards as well. So we have a couple of screenshots there with one of our RFCs RFC 8576. We put out a number of different publications throughout the year specific to industries specific to the, to the enterprise right, and, you know, to two medical publications have been public have been released, and we're working on a third which will, we'll talk to talk about today. You know, with the collaboration in mind, you know, oh wasp and cloud security Alliance work together to release the secure medical device deployment standard. If you may be wondering so there's a lot of cross pollination again we're all saying the same thing, and we should all be working together so a few are in similar groups and you want to collaborate. Let's do it. Now the iot controls matrix. This is the flagship project for our iot working group is modeled after the cloud the cloud control matrix the CCM. There's 165 controls aimed at enterprise iot that incorporate multiple layers of connected devices cloud services and networking technologies. So we have 21 domains security domains, and that's ranging from asset management, like you have to know what you have to get started from governance, even legal down to vulnerability management and security testing activities, whether that is web application or hardware testing firmware bug bounties, even included so it's really holistic. So it should be a helpful resource for health, health wear, I'm sorry healthcare delivery organizations, and any organization deploying connected devices and their networks. So what we're doing out controls matrix is who want to glue the process policy infrastructure ecosystem controls with the device itself. And you know a part of that is you know the industry is changing we have you know zero trust zero touch provisioning, you know supply chain issues are, you know, I don't want to say at its height but it is it is up there and it is on top of everyone's especially in 2021 and the day in remote working now. Right and people are sending these appliances and the networks and these iot devices and they're just connecting to corporate environments and you know managing and you know the whole complexities that come with that. And so for the next version we're looking to not only involve evolve and refine our controls, but introduce a shared responsibility matrix. Taylor towards iot. And again to kind of expand the applicability, we create mappings to their sister projects, such as, you know, Anisa's iot, you know baseline security baseline and the variousness standards out there. And of course, cloud security Alliance projects like CCM as you may have noticed securing iot is not an easy task. I think medical device manufacturers must trust their supply chain partners and the supply chain partners must do their due diligence and that cascades down. Right. Even further to the enterprise and consumers, which they must trust the connected products that they meet minimum minimum standards and controls. So trust is obtained through, you know a series of questionnaires and back and forth the interaction with with each group, or each party, or some sort of trust portal that satisfies procurement requirements so when you're purchasing things. At the end of the day, right, given the complexity of iot and the scope. I think that there is not one size fits all solutions and controls must be interoperable was provide automation scale. And they have to be validated right there has to be, you know, internal and external validation to ensure these controls are are working, and that the lights flicker, you know the alarms, the alarms are going off when they should be. The ongoing project is zero trust for iot. And this this is really important for those medical devices that you may be plugging in and hey now all of a sudden they are paired and they are working. They are on boarded with, you know, again zero zero zero trust or touch I guess you can say. And, you know there's there's a methodology to the architecture in which you know we're wicked down from the onboarding the authentication and the authorization. And then how you monitor those types of devices and the different policies you want to employ. And you know, if there is a root of trust hardware root of trust, how do you leverage those for that kind of secure identity. Otherwise, you know if the identity could be tampered with. So could that trust right cloud security alliance medical device incident response playbook. So this project is to establish the best containment eradication and recovery practices for for each category, while minimizing the risk those practices have on patient care. So we've modeled this playbook after you know the NIST SP 861 R2. So we created our own kind of differentiators here in the sense of, you know, we're defining incidents in this context as a vulnerability disclosure and one or more a CBEs affecting medical devices within a health health care delivery organization inventory, or the discovery of malware ransomware or loss of availability of a medical device. So this might sound all too common. You'll you may have heard all the vulnerabilities reported for medical devices in the past. Or what about the novel want to cry a few years back, three, four years back now, which took down a number of hospitals and was devastating for some and cost cost lives. So it's supposed to be used as a basis as a starting point to incorporate into an HDL health care delivery organizations program. And so we've defined these seven clinical scenarios. And these clinical scenarios range on based on the, the types of devices that are being used. For example, number one would be, you know, if it's safe to connect from the patient and the network. Is it safe to connect from is it safe to disconnect from the network. Can the devices be shut down safely and remove from the patient is a disconnection possible. But with clinical impact. So we'll go through a couple of these or I'll just show you the, the workflow that example workflows again these will be contextualized or should be contextualized to internal processes. But what is always step one with an incident response right you can see, you can see the list here, right, the five phases. The most important one of the most important is, is to prepare. We've helped, we've helped kind of shape, you know, high level activities that that medical facilities can can employ, you know, kind of expanding on on some of these activities. You know, again, you have to know what you have so starting with inventory, classify the clinical impacts and the data impacts, what happens when, you know, patients are affected devices are affected. You know, a list of stakeholders, not only within the medical facility their health delivery organization but also with the device manufacturers and anyone else, but also, you know, backing up and monitoring, so on and so forth. So, check out the playbook we have some great details in there. So after preparing, right you have to be able to detect, analyze and contextualize. And within within this phase, you'll have to maintain a number of different initiatives and programs. What I mean by programs are your threat intelligence programs. Communication and relationships with information sharing and analysis centers, ISACs, vulnerability management program. How do you define vulnerabilities, how do you, how do you remediate vulnerabilities internally and externally. Are you asking for software bill of materials for devices for devices to understand their software composition what they're made out of their essentially their nutritional facts, you get their versioning information and and compare them to databases, CVE databases, so you can understand the risk that they're they're introducing into your network. Other considerations for programs are to maintain a catalog of IOC indicators of compromise and having a SIM and monitoring for for security events using that SIM. So incorporating a behavioral profiling mechanism, and whether that is something that a vendor provides or something internally, but it is it is it is needed. And this is this is part of detecting analyzing and contextualizing according to your organization contain eradicate and recover. The activities and in this phase of the process are dependent on a set of incident response classifications. So these, these are sponsored classifications taken to account the clinical considerations associated with the usage of each device. And you'll understand what what I'm saying in just a moment right so this is that the scenarios I was mentioning. So safe to disconnect from the patient and network. There are no patient safety issues with immediately removing the device from the patient or the network. An example could be wireless blood pressure cuff disconnection from the network possible, but with clinical impact. While the device can operate independently of the network is disconnection will have clinical impact. Another which is often used to constantly collect and monitor the vitals of patients and ICUs and other critical units is an example of this scenario, shut down or disconnect from the patient with safety implications. So the medical devices is providing a clinical clinical necessary functions and devices required to be online to performance function. So an example of this could be a CT machine. Right, these are very real relatable, maybe, you know, some, you know, you or someone in your family has interacted with these types of scenarios. And one scenario that is near to me and I didn't mention it here is you know the implantable scenario. You know what happens, you know when a pacemaker is incident there. And what do you do, and what do clinicians do and how do they loop in the third parties, the manufacturers and, and how do you respond right. So I found this, this image quite funny. Cut a virus from your computer.  I hope you've got a backup copy. And the in the age of ransomware and the whites, you know, exploitation of ransomware and wearables and implantables. You're, you know, it is not possible to back up right in those cases but you can back up your, your IT infrastructure and and, and, you know, telehealth devices or maybe not even telehealth devices but other devices within a hospital network. The next phases are analyze a post incident sharing and updating with stakeholders and stakeholders could also be the information sharing groups to I sacs. And then you're looping back around to prepare and incorporating the lessons learn into the playbook into your processes and helping right with that sharing part you're helping others learn from what you learn so that they can incorporate into their programs as well. So if you're not familiar, they do have, you know, a sort of confidentiality agreement, which is, which is beneficial right and in these cases and obviously probably needed right wrapping up wanted to provide a table to help illustrate medical device security activities and applicable projects we talked about today. So if you're developing medical device software, you can take a look at the top 10 is vs embedded apps like best practices and zero trust for iot. Identify medical device vulnerabilities, you can use it go as as a playground and replicate that into a real device, the former security testing methodology. By sweep as the tool to help you with your framework analysis is vs. Right to figure out which, which test cases, I should be incorporating into my workflow into my assessment. Is vs not, I think I may have skipped over this it is written in a way that what it is written in and verify that so every, every, every control is verify that. Obviously verification levels, there's three of them. So when you're purchasing deploying managing and maintaining connected medical devices, use the iot controls framework, the secure medical device deployment standard. You can also use the medical devices that are response playbook, because there are some good bits in there from the kind of managing and purchasing as well from the preparing detecting containing and post medical device security incidents. The medical device IR response playbook, right. One that we just spoke about how to get involved hopefully one of these excited you or you've you found that you know there is room where there is a gap perhaps and some of the work that we've performed, or you want to be a fly on the wall and you want to get involved and just listen in to learn. You were available on slack for cloud security lines and oh wasp for oh wasp to get access to slack, but oh wasp.org and go to about, and there is a slack section there just input your email you get an invite. You can also reach out to project leaders, whether they're active project leaders, or current project leaders like myself, I will help you, I will help you route. To the appropriate person, if it's not me. We're pretty easy to get a hold of on on socials, you can see, you know, my Twitter at the bottom right hand corner, you know, linked in as well with cloud security Alliance we do have a monthly meeting again free to attend and join and keep in mind with contributing and getting involved. You don't have to be technical and non technical opportunities, you don't have to be an expert. You don't have to be a super hard work, you know, a super hacker or anything like that. User experience design format, viewing editing those are all needed skills. So again free and open to all who are interested. Here is my contact info if you want to reach me directly. Thank you for your time. Have fun at biohacking village and def con if you're there. Thanks for your time. Take care all


numbers coming in. Australia had 300,000 people. Apparently Germany had 1.4 million on its own. So this crowd might be actually huge. We're the 20 year old climate activists from White Plains, New York. Please welcome Vic to the stage. Starting on this day, September 20th, 2019, everything began to change.


Hello, Oslo here to sync here. A few months ago I posted a poll on my YouTube channel asking what synth I should do a patch pack for next, and while the Microfreak won the poll, in the comments section there was a whole lot of support for a different synth. So today, I'm excited to share with you my new patch pack for the Digitone, called Lofi Drone and Chill, 32 brand new patches that tend towards warm fuzzy wobbly ambient dish and droney. With these patches I spent a lot of time tweaking the velocity aftertouch and mod wheel parameters, because I wanted them to feel great to play with a keyboard, as well as be fun to sequence. So if you have a keyboard hooked up to your Digitone, be sure to explore the patches that way too. When you install them the patches are all set to be dry, no reverb, delay or chorus so you can add those to suit your tastes. In the demos later in this video though I'll add some ambiance as I think that's the most likely situation for most people using these patches. At the suggestion of a fellow synth YouTuber, I'm distributing these patches on Gumroad and you'll find the link in the video's description. Their prices pay what you want and that includes free, so if you can't pay for them or just want to grab them for free then do so with my blessing, but if you feel inclined to check me a couple of quid it'll surely be appreciated and will help support the channel. If you enjoy the patches please do drop a like on the video and make sure that you subscribe so you don't miss out on any future synth fun. And of course let me know in the comments which of the patches were your favourites. But for now let's take a listen to the patches.


hi friends welcome back to my channel and welcome to an extremely exciting new series that you're gonna find here on Jen's WW journey we are gonna talk all things eat this not that on WW I'm gonna be sharing with you what not to eat and what to eat making some savvy swaps to help fit foods that you love into your points a little bit better make them a little healthier a little less points and of course still absolutely delicious so this is going to be a four part series this video is the first one we're going to be talking about savvy swaps and eat this not that for breakfast we're going to do that for lunch and dinners for condiments and for snacks and desserts so when this four part series is over you are going to have so many savvy swaps you're not going to know what to do with yourself so i'm very excited to bring to you today the very first video in this series and this is going to be savvy swaps eat this not that for breakfast on WW so let's jump right in we're going to start with those beverages that we like to consume first thing in the morning as part of our breakfast and sometimes even as our breakfast and the first thing that comes to mind is coffee now a lot of us like black coffee and a lot of us don't so what are some good swaps that you can make when it comes to your coffee so of course you have your traditional creamers half and half they're full of fat and sugar and therefore they're full of points so it's very easy to make some savvy swaps and swap out those high point creamers and half and half for some other low point but yet delicious options the first thing comes to mind is sugar free creamer you guys know i love this i drink it pretty much every day i featured in my top 20 foods if you like your coffee sweet but you don't want to spend a lot of points then sugar free creamer is definitely the way to go you still get up to three tablespoons for one smart point that is plenty to make a big cup of coffee nice and creamy and sweet now if you're not a big sweet coffee drinker you can swap your regular half and half for your fat free half and half and that makes the points tremendously less you can have again up to about three tablespoons for one smart point you can even have one tablespoon of fat free half and half for zero smart points so that's a great savvy swap is to take regular half and half and swap it out for fat free half and half there are other great low point creamers on the market that maybe have a little bit better ingredients than your sugar free creamers the better than half and half has some great options there's also some silk and some non-dairy alternative creamers out there that are really low in points as well so check out those those are good options for you if you're not interested in the sugar free creamer so it's very easy to make those savvy lower point swaps on your morning cup of joe so what about your cup of juice what if you want a good glass of juice with your morning breakfast as you know traditional juices are very high in smart points because they're very high in sugar so your traditional orange juice tomato juice grape juice apple juice are going to be high in smart points so make those savvy swaps for a diet juice ocean spray makes a ton of absolutely delicious diet juices most of them are cranberry based i really love the pink light and i've been really into the cranberry grape lately so that's a good dupe for the grape juice the apple juices there's even a cran apple if you are a big fan of apple juice as far as orange juice goes make a swap for a lighter orange juice trop 50 has a 50 calorie orange juice which is a great alternative to the traditional very high six seven smart point glasses of orange juice so when it comes to juice you can still have it you just have to find alternatives and lower point options for your glass of juice in the morning next up is milk some of us want a big tall cool glass of milk with our morning breakfast and milk is high in point strictly because dairy has naturally occurring sugars but there are so many milk alternatives out there so swap out your regular milk for a light milk such as fair life or even car master if you do have a kroger or a friend mire in your area you can also substitute that for a non-dairy milk like almond milk or coconut milk or even oat milk and you're going to save yourself a lot of smart points but you're still going to be able to have a glass of milk and this same milk swap can be used in cereal as well you won't even know the difference and you're going to be saving yourself a lot of points from your traditional milk now if you just can't get past regular milk and you love regular milk your best option is fat free milk or 1% milk those are going to be the lowest in smart points so if you can't get past and get rid of your favorite glass of milk go ahead and indulge but just choose a healthier or lower point option in the fat free or 1% otherwise take advantage of some of those great milk alternatives so speaking of cereal let's talk about cereal cereal is a not only high in points and high in sugar for the most part it is also not nutrient dense enough to keep you full in my opinion i very rarely eat cereal on my w w journey i again i just don't find that it keeps me very full if i do end up having a bowl of cereal i will generally pair that with some sort of a protein like a bacon or an egg or something that's going to just help me make it through my morning because cereal just doesn't fill me up and there are some not so great cereals out there that are delicious like my favorite lucky charms frosted flakes apple jacks all of the things but you can swap those out for a lighter cereal and still be able to indulge in a bowl of cereal in the morning so there are some great lighter cereal options out there corn flakes are very low in smart points but they still have a natural sweetness to them so if you're wanting a sweet cereal that's a great option special k you can do the special k with berries and you're going to get that fruit and that crunchy cereal regular plain old rice crispies is a great option as well and then there are the cauchy cereals that are a little less smart points but far more nutrient dense than those high sugar cereals so you can still have your cereal just savvy swap that out for one that's not only going to keep you full but it's going to be lower in smart points how about yogurt what if you want some yogurt in the morning stay away from the high sugar yogurt also the higher fat yogurts have more points as well but there are a lot of us out there that like that full fat yogurt so we'll just take the points hit for it some great options if you are looking for a full fat yogurt that is going to be a little bit higher in smart points is cigs so cigs has a two percent or four percent full fat yogurt that is delicious so that's an option for you but if you're wanting to save on smart points and you're not opposed to having a lower fat option danon light and fit yogurt is a great choice at two smart points per little container oikos triple zero is three smart per container and my very favorite low point yogurt is cigs but the zero percent milk fat and that is also three smart points per container so yogurt is great if you buy the right yogurt yogurt that has some nutritional value greek yogurt is always your best option and of course a fuller fat greek yogurt is really the best option but is just going to cost you a little bit more smart points so you have to swap what you want to swap and maybe full fat yogurt is not something you want to swap out but if you do there are some excellent low point lower fat yogurt options available to you let's talk pancakes what about pancakes or waffles what if you just want that carby crunchy deliciousness of a pancake or a waffle there are several great options out there for you for pancake and waffle mix my very favorite is the birch benders paleo this one is delicious it is about five smart points per serving but you can bulk that up with fruit or maybe some lilies chocolate chips with a little bit of fat free ready whip and some sugar free syrup and you have an indulgent pancake or waffle breakfast for low smart points kodiak cakes is also another great option i absolutely love the buttermilk and i love the peanut butter and the dark chocolate those are great options for another alternative to a pancake or waffle mix and again super low in smart points now if you want just your traditional pancake mix you don't want to do any of these protein based ones like birch benders or kodiak cake you can look for the biscuit heart smart mix and you can also look for any type of pancake mix that is just add water then you're only counting smart points for the mix itself and you're not having to add anything to it to bulk up those smart points and you have just a plain pancake mix that is just add water so there are a lot of options out there and pancake and waffles are definitely on plan they are low point you can bulk them up with these protein mixes that taste incredible and get a big punch of protein in your pancake or waffle i highly recommend having a waffle maker on hand you can do a full-size waffle maker or my favorite is the dash mini waffle maker i will link it down below for you guys it comes in so many fun colors and it makes the perfect mini waffles you can have two or three out of a serving of the pancake waffle mix and you feel like you're having lots of waffles or pancakes for very low smart points oatmeal is another great breakfast option especially if you are on the purple plan because oatmeal is zero smart points now if you are on the blue plan or green plan you can still have oatmeal because it is traditionally very low in smart points it's the things that you add to your oatmeal that bulk up the points so i prefer steel cut oats i think that they're more hearty they're in their more natural state they haven't been processed out like a rolled oat but you can also indulge in rolled oats as well and the smart points is so incredibly low for a quarter cup is about two smart points you can again bulk that up with fruit you can add some sugar free maple syrup if you like it sweet you can add in a tablespoon of raisins or reduced sugar craisens for one smart point you can also add in a tablespoon of most nuts for one smart point and a little bit of light butter if you want that buttery delicious oatmeal and of course there are tons of brown sugar alternatives out there my favorite is sucran or lecanto and they are both sold by nettrition and there's a link down below for nettrition in the description box but you can really make your oatmeal whatever you want sweet savory whatever you want for your breakfast you can definitely incorporate oatmeal into your day because it is low points and it's a great option just watch what you're putting in your oatmeal what about peanut butter what if we want peanut butter for breakfast peanut butter is traditionally high in smart points you're looking at about six smart points for two tablespoons of course you can cut down the amount of peanut butter that you're eating and of course cut down the points but there are some great savvy swaps as far as peanut butter goes my very favorite is jiff whips you can have one tablespoon for two smart points or two tablespoons for five smart points so it is less than traditional peanut butter but if you knock that down to seven grams which is quite a bit of jiff whips it is only one smart point it is plenty to top a slice of toast or even stir into your oatmeal or put it on those pancakes and waffles so jiff whips is a fabulous alternative if you want real legit peanut butter but you want to save on some smart points another savvy swap is pb2 this also comes in almond butter so there's a couple different peanut butter options pb2 options for you cosco has their pb fit in the big jug for about 14 dollars excellent excellent price you can actually have two tablespoons of the powdered peanut butter for one smart point you can simply mix in some water and create a peanut butter you can also do amanda louis's recipe where she takes the pb2 powder and mixes in a little bit of sugar-free syrup and it makes a more creamy sweet real peanut butter taste and texture so there are so many options you don't have to spend a lot of points on your jiff or your skippy stick with your jiff whips or your pb2 and you still have a delicious peanut butter what about a muffin what if you just want a muffin can a girl get a muffin what if you just want that for breakfast there are options for you and i'm telling you right now do not go to your local bakery and buy a muffin because it can be up to 20 smart points for that because they are loaded with butter and sugar there are muffin alternatives out there in the worst case scenario if you don't have any muffin alternatives on hand and you have to have a muffin now go ahead and buy a store-bought muffin and only eat the top and count the points accordingly for the top still not the best points buck for you bang for your points buck but it is an option for you if you have to have a muffin right now you can also make your own muffins using those same pancake and waffle mixes the kodiak the birch benders add some fresh blueberries strawberries lilies chocolate chips you could even add in some pb2 and make a peanut butter muffin that is a great option if you have time to go ahead and prepare your own muffin but my favorite on the go grab go eat muffin is the smart muffin from smart baking company these are outstanding and they are huge you guys they are the size of a Costco muffin and they range anywhere from two to three smart points that's it for an entire muffin you cannot make a muffin this size for that amount of smart points and they are so delicious they have chocolate chip banana nut and pumpkin spice the pumpkin is two smart points the chocolate chip and banana nut are three i love the banana nut and the pumpkin i'm not the biggest fan of the chocolate chip but i know that there are a lot of people out there who absolutely love it our tastes vary so you just have to find the one that works best for you but you can order these on the smart baking company website my code here will give you 10 off of your order this is the same company that makes the smart buns which are the one smart point hamburger buns and they also make these smart cakes which is a delicious decadent little cake for one smart point you guys know i'm obsessed with those i love them so you can pick all of those items up on the smart baking website but i recommend having some of the smart muffins in the freezer for those emergency muffin mornings bagels what if you want to bagel what if it is an emergency situation and you must have a bagel for your morning breakfast you can buy again your traditional store-bought bagel but they're going to cost you between five and eight smart points in my opinion not worth it when there are so many savvy swaps when it comes to bagels if you follow the purple or the blue plan there is the two ingredient dough bagels where you mix equal parts of self-rising flour and non-fat greek yogurt and you can create a two three or four smart point bagel using the two ingredient dough it is a little cumbersome to use you have to mix the flour and the yogurt and it's sticky and you have to bake it and do all the things but it's a great alternative from your store-bought bagels there is also western bagels which you guys know i love i eat them all the time in my opinion this is another thing that you should have just in your freezer with your muffins are your western bagels they range from one smart point for the little mini bagelette to three smart points for a full-size delicious bagel and we're talking blueberry everything bagel cinnamon whole wheat yum and they are three smart points western bagel also makes a perfect 10 plus healthy grain bagel that is full-size and is only two smart points so you can have your bagel fix for one two or three smart points with western bagel i pop it in my toaster i spray it with a little bit of spray butter for zero smart points and i legit have a bagel as part of my breakfast for one two or three smart points highly highly recommend when you head over to the western bagel website make sure you are ordering the alternative bagel so watch for that if you order the regular bagels they're going to be higher in points so make sure you're ordering the alternative bagels and buy code here on the screen i'll get you 10 off they do have some build your own boxes and free shipping over 25 so not only will you get 10 off with my code you'll also get free shipping over 25 throw the bagels in your freezer and when it's a bagel emergency morning you have bagels on hand that are well well within your points and what if you want cream cheese on that bagel there are a lot of cream cheese options out there of course you can get your full fat traditional cream cheese you're just going to pay a little bit more points for that there are a lot of low fat cream cheese options i highly recommend either a whipped cream cheese it's similar to the jiff whips it's whipped cream cheese so it's light in its airy and it's less smart points but it goes further because it is light and airy so that's a great alternative there's also the third less fat cream cheeses out there that are great to spread on a bagel and then there are some greek cream cheeses i don't have those in my area but i have seen those on other youtube channels so that would be a great option as well and then of course there is a fat free cream cheese in my opinion fat free cream cheese is made for cooking and baking with it is not made to spread on a bagel it's just not good spread on a bagel that's my opinion and again everyone's tastes are different you may love fat free cream cheese on your bagel so just get what works for you but you can steer clear of those high fat cream cheeses and do a savvy swap and get a lower fat cream cheese and it's still absolutely delicious on a bagel what about protein let's talk proteins things such as bacon i love bacon there are so many great bacon alternatives out there of course you can have regular bacon but don't eat that and eat one of these switch to a center cut bacon you can have two three four pieces for the same smart points is one slice of your high fat traditional bacon my favorite is private selection center cut bacon it is sold only at fredmeyer or kroger stores and it is two slices for one smart point there are tons of other center cut bacon options cosco sells some great ones traditionally on average a slice of center cut bacon is one smart point per slice you can pretty much depend on that if you bonus like the private selection and get two slices for one smart point even better but most center cut bacon is on average one smart point per slice now if you don't care about that real bacon you can switch to turkey bacon and turkey bacon is a great savvy swap as well again traditionally about one smart point per slice there are some options out there i believe butter ball turkey bacon you can have two slices for one smart point so you can save points on bacon but still have real bacon if you take the center cut route or savvy swap that for turkey bacon and you still get that bacon sensation with your morning breakfast and everybody or almost everybody loves bacon also sausage sausage is another traditional breakfast food and those high fat sausages don't go there they are not worth the smart points they are incredibly high in smart points and there are so many sausage alternatives out there way lower in smart points and equally as delicious first and foremost my favorite sausage alternative is the jimmy dean turkey sausage links they are only one smart point per link you can find them in your traditional grocery store and also cosco or sam's club will carry the big box of them for less than ten dollars and again one smart point per link they're precooked you just throw them in the microwave or in a pan or in your air fryer and they are ready to go for your morning breakfast and they are delicious the closest alternative to a real full fat sausage there's also chicken and turkey sausage links as well that will save you some smart points in addition to the jimmy dean turkey sausage links so just depending on what you want that morning for breakfast just don't eat the high fat sausage links when there are so many savvy swaps for lower point sausage that is just as equally delicious you can pair that with your waffle or your pancake maybe some bacon and you have a delicious breakfast I also want to talk to you guys a little bit about smoothies now on those hot summer days or when you're in a hurry and you need a quick breakfast to take with you on the road smoothies are a fabulous option there is quite the debate about blended fruit there are those of you that count blended fruit and there are those of you that do not my personal opinion in the way that I do my journey is I do not count blended fruit so I am hashtag team no count blended fruit and the reason for that is because I limit myself to two fruits per day so if I'm going to make a smoothie that has frozen fruit in it I count that as one of my fruits for the day and then I'm only allowed one more that way I'm not overindulging in fruit now technically should I be counting blended fruit yes according to Weight Watchers we should be counting blended fruit but it's your journey and you make the decision on what works for you so whether you count it or not fruit smoothies are a great option for breakfast I highly recommend throwing in some sort of protein powder in your smoothie because just fruit and milk is not going to keep you satisfied in full nor does it give you that burst of protein that you need first thing in the morning to start your day off on the right foot so I highly recommend adding a protein powder as you know my favorite is the devotion angel food cake and the devotion brownie batter I love them they're absolutely delicious they don't have any weird protein taste or chalkiness I love love love them I love to pair the angel food cake with strawberries blueberries mangoes pineapples it's so delicious and I love to pair the chocolate or the brownie batter with a frozen banana oh so good you can even throw in a little bit of PB2 peanut butter powder and you have a chocolate banana peanut butter goodness so smoothie slash protein shakes are a great option for breakfast especially if you are some if you need something quickly and on the go like you're walking out the door to go to work it's a great way to keep you full and satisfied and of course super low in smart points whether you count your blended fruit or not and the last breakfast eat this not that is the incredible edible egg this deserves definitely an honorable mention as far as breakfast foods go as you know if you follow blue or purple eggs are zero smart points and if you follow the green plan they are two smart points per egg and let me just tell you how amazing eggs are they are packed full of protein omega threes especially if you opt for like an eggland's best it even has that little boost of omegas they are just a fantastic choice for a breakfast food I highly recommend that you savvy swap out your traditional cheap eggs for a pasture raised organic or just pasture raised egg the quality is so much better you'll notice a big difference in the shell of the egg the cheap eggs have a really thin cracky shell where your pasture raised eggs are going to have a thicker denser shell they're also going to have a much orange or yolk which is exactly what you want to look for in an egg now to make a savvy swap with eggs you can do egg whites and save yourself on your smart points again egg whites you can have I believe up to two egg whites on the green plan for zero smart points and of course any type of egg on purple or blue is zero so if you want to save points but you still want that punch of protein in the morning do some egg whites but I highly recommend adding an egg or two to your breakfast most days of the week it's going to keep you full and satisfied and there are so many health benefits when it comes to eggs all right so that is the first video in my eat this not that savvy w w swap series I hope it really helped you to learn some of the savvy swaps you can make when it comes to your breakfast throughout the day now if you guys are not breakfast eaters eat your breakfast my friends it gets your body going your metabolism going and really gives you a healthy jump start to your day it doesn't have to be a full course four course breakfast it can be something simple like a protein shake or smoothie that we talked about or even grabbing a hard boiled egg and a smart muffin on your way out the door but breakfast is a very important meal again it gets your body going for the day and gets your brain going as well for all of the things that us busy people have to do every single day so I hope that you enjoyed this eat this not that I can't wait to bring you the rest of the videos in this series next up is going to be lunch and dinner savvy swap so I can't wait to share that with you so definitely stay tuned in the upcoming weeks for lots of eat this not that videos coming your way if you're new to my channel welcome thank you so much for stopping by and watching this video I'd love it if you would stick around and join my community hit that little subscribe button and that bell so you're notified whenever I upload a new video please give this video a thumbs up if you love this series and you're excited about what's to come it really helps my channel out and of course comment down below which of these swaps were you most surprised about or things maybe that you didn't think about swapping out for lower points but still nutritious and delicious as part of your breakfast thank you guys again so much for watching and I'll see you in my next video bye thoughts it like to be the one that he turns to


The title of this talk is hardware software trussware How many of you have been paying attention to this whole business about a fork? Anybody heard of a fork? There is a culture gap that is being expressed in this fork and Most people look at this and they see the obvious culture gap Most of the mining happens in China Most of the miners are Chinese a lot of the development happens in Western nations a lot of the developers are from Western nations and At a first class it looks like the culture gap is some kind of east-west thing It's not in In fact, I think a much better framework for thinking about this is That the culture gap at the center of the debate we're having today is a culture gap between people who build hardware and people who build software and Those cultures have been diverging since the 1950s If you're involved in computer science if you do hardware or software for a living You know what I'm talking about Software goes way back, but not as far back as hardware Because the very first software was hardware and if you wanted to use a computer It ran one program Some of the first computers run very specific programs probably one of the earliest examples is the enigma cracking machine at Bletchley Park built by Alan Turing to crack the German cryptography during World War two it did not have software per se It had inputs you could input the message and it would try to figure out the key But it only ran one program and You could barely really call it a computer was an electro mechanical device with a bit of electronics very primitive software started happening in the 60s and Software represented a giant leap forward because until then if you wanted to reprogram a computer You had to change its wiring or You had to flip a lot of switches like a lot of switches like 10,000 switches and a big bank of switches and if you got one of them wrong That was a bit of a problem programming in binary not fun And out of this gradually we started having these two cultures emerge the culture of people who build hardware and the culture of people who build software and the Fundamental difference has to do with the life cycle of development and That persists to this day When you build a hardware device your life cycle is measured in months if not years 18 to 24 months You design a chip to do something you make some architecture decisions These decisions will arrive at the marketplace two years from now, and if you got them wrong you start again If you make a mistake in hardware Things happen, and you can't issue a patch if you ship a phone that has a nasty tendency of blowing up There is no software patch that you can issue that will fix the battery issues It's out there in people's pockets getting hot The culture that comes out of that is a very conservative culture the planning timelines for building hardware very long and They require Absolute precision if you make a mistake you don't just Change a line recompile try again issue a patch you recall a billion dollars worth of silicon and turn them into scrap Because you made a mistake a nanometer scale mistake and at first software was like that Because if you programmed say in Fortran on a punch card And you had six minutes of compute time a day, and you spent 20 hours writing your software and punching it into cards, and then you submitted it to the mainframe and During your six minutes the mainframe would go error Now you have to go back spend a day figuring out why Fixing it punching it back into cards and putting it back on the mainframe during your next six minute window that's how programming started and If you were a programmer in those days The attitude was well, thank God. I don't have to flip a thousand switches to do this This is so much faster.  From Berkeley in the 1970s where that's how they fixed software You just hack at it it works But that encourages a mentality where your worst mistake lasts two minutes and No one gets to see it because you don't ship that That's the beginning of a drift apart of two cultures in Hardware your mistakes are immortalized on silicon and they might start fires In software your mistakes disappear somewhere in a git log Nobody really has to look back at the previous commits and see all of the horrible codes you wrote Right, we all do that if you've done software programming That's how most of us program That has some very interesting implications for the current debate Because there's another fundamental and really important difference in the culture between hardware and software Hardware is all about ship date you work two years for that day When it ships and once it ships it's out of your hands you made the right design trade-offs great You made the wrong design trade-offs you're going to be five years behind your competitors until you figure it out again But that ship date is the last date And once it's out there it's out of your hands Look recently at the perennial battle between AMD and Intel How many of you are familiar with chip architecture and AMD and Intel? About two years ago not too many so I'll make it simple two years ago AMD and Intel started working on their latest generation chips and Having a five-year horizon they had to make some bets some trade-offs and design decisions AMD made the bet that most systems of ship have a graphical processing unit and that for Advanced mathematical operations matrix manipulation floating-point arithmetic, etc You would have a development environment that would take that Optimize it to an open GL and ship it to the graphics card for processing Because it's a thousand times faster for that kind of work So why would you do that on a general-purpose CPU? It didn't seem sensible So they decided Let's put 64 cores on a chip, but only give them four or eight floating-point arithmetic units Intel said the software is not going to get that good. It's not going to specialize these instructions Let's put just eight cores on a chip, but give every one of them a floating-point arithmetic unit Two simple trade-offs right two decisions is the industry going this way or is it going that way? Are we going to be able to leverage this new technology or not? Will the software catch up with what we're trying to do? Will the architectures of the future look more like this or like this? Agonizing over that choice they get a ship date in mind and they ship Intel got it right AMD got it wrong Intel dominated the desktop and server environment for this cycle Right now AMD gets to try again four years later three or four years later that simple trade-off changed the fortunes of that company and the direction of an industry We see this in other examples. Let's go for bigger hardware. I I'm a fan of aviation. I'm a private pilot. I love that stuff Boeing Airbus Five years or so ago. They made a very important bet Airbus said it's mostly going to be about hub and spoke connections You're going to have big hub airports and they're going to run Hundreds or thousands of passengers on single routes So what we need to build is a double-decker Aircraft that can see it's more people than ever before and Boeing said no it's going to be mostly regional point-to-point and if we take an aircraft and allow it to extend its range to 12,000 nautical miles Then that choice is the better choice and they built the Dreamliner Boeing was right Airbus was wrong Boeing shipped a hundred times more Dreamliners than Airbus will never catch up quite So now they get to try that again But it's going to be a five-year life cycle if there's a bug in your software Even in this environment, you can fix it in a matter of hours ship and you release done So one important difference is this idea of ship dates once you put it out there You're locked in for a couple of years and that makes you have a much more conservative attitude but It has a good side Because you will only encounter one of those ship dates a Couple of times a decade three times four times a decade. That's it with software However, something else happens Your ship date is not the end of your problems. It is the beginning of your problems because once you ship maintenance starts and Very quickly it became apparent in the software industry the software behaves a bit like perishable produce It's got three days of shelf shelf life after which if you haven't done maintenance it starts rotting on you Software Gradually degrades Especially today's software which is open source software in a very dynamic environment with lots of dependencies to third-party libraries Everything is moving SSL changes something we find a new bug new release The tolerances of the network change new release Berkeley DB doesn't behave the way you expect it new release and so software is Like a never-ending relationship Which you're trapped in Like there is no ship dates. It's continuous shipping. It's continuous maintenance There is no and now we're done There's only and now our troubles begin This divergence has created a massive culture difference between the culture of minors and the culture of software developers It is at the root of the current discussion. We're having from the perspective of someone building hardware of Course what you're not going to ship a new chip architecture to fix the problem Just juice up the clock speed This architecture still has Plenty to go right. It's got room to grow Change a parameter for God's sake juice up the clock speed and we can keep the current architecture and just ship it From a software developers perspective If you're looking at the bigger space It's much better to change the architecture now before you have a lot of technical debt and software crud and accumulated UTXO and Enormous blockchain sizes on your data store that you have to keep forever and Of course, you're going to be maintaining this shit either way might as well do an architecture change This is the fundamental culture difference between the mining community and The software development community and Bitcoin and not just Bitcoin Bitcoin is just the one that has the strongest biggest most vocal mining community But that's not the end. That's just the beginning Because without even noticing we now have a completely new category Which is going to create a completely new culture and that is trust where? What is trust where Trust where is this weird? Emergent phenomenon that happens when you combine Consensus rules that are running and instantiated in software with the backing of hardware Deployed on a global network with a diverse set of participants All of the headaches of hardware all of the headaches of software and some new ones now When you ship is really important Because if you're making a consensus rule change you have to coordinate an entire global network But the ship date is no longer the end of your problems It's just the beginning of their problems because now you have to maintain it forever and every mistake you make gets baked into the blockchain and has to be carried with you in the consensus rules forever in Bitcoin There are no bugs There are only Consensus rules created through tradition So how many people here are software developers who've worked in Bitcoin at all. All right, you probably know about this one It's a classic So when you write to multi-signature script and The code gets to the part where it says object multi-sig verify The code has to go and pop as many keys off the stack as You've defined as the last parameter and Right, and then inspect the signatures which should be M M event and do something Turns out object multi-sig verify pops one extra value That's a bit of a problem Because if you do a multi-sig of three keys and it pops four things there aren't four things on the stack and If there aren't four things on the stack you get a stack error And your script crashes and your money is no longer spendable when that bug happened because it did happen accidentally back in probably 2011 it wasn't fixed before some people put spendable Bitcoin and redeemed it on the script on the blockchain and To do that what they did was they put what's called a null Value a dummy value So they go, okay You want to pop four things off the stack? Three of which have to be keys and one which is gonna get ignored. Here's blow Key key key and so you pop blue key key key throw away the blue keep the three keys It works done But now that script has to be valid forever because every node in Bitcoin validates everything forever Oops Now Developers are writing new versions of the software multi-sig is now part of a paid to script hash formula Guess what it still pops an extra value And so I write in my book. There's a big old notice and it says You will see an extra value in all the redeemed scripts. That's because there's a bug that bug cannot be fixed It's with us forever Why can it not be fixed? Because the fix is worse than the problem I Mean sure you could fix it. You could just put a thing in the code that says from now on just pop three and Everybody knows it and they write redeemed scripts that just pop three fine, no problem But now you have a piece of code in your blockchain What is effectively a soft fork that says before block X? Pop for after block X pop three if you see the script So that all of the scripts that came before a valid and all of the scripts that will come next are also valid But don't need that dummy value What you've done is you've moved the crud from your scripts into your code And now these two three lines of code need to be maintained forever. What if there's a bug? If you write three lines of code on average one of them is going to be wrong So for every line of code you add to the consensus rules You've got to make sure you don't add a bug How do you coordinate an international network so that everybody makes sure they change the rules at the same time? And you don't accidentally invalidate transactions This is the essence of trustware The essence of trustware is we are now writing software That gets backed by hardware Deployed on a network and establishes a set of global Consensus rules which if you make a mistake on these consensus rules and go out of consensus you can lose millions You can get cheated out of transactions You can be suffering replay attacks or malation attacks or all kinds of other attacks. This is not a game This is a new software frontier. Only it's not software is Trustware and trustware is way more complicated than software or Hardware or software and hardware put together because there's also a global network component that's controlled by independent actors Why on earth would we do all this? I mean it doesn't sound like a fun development exercise. Why are we creating this thing that will have its own culture Trustware developers consensus experts That requires its own deep understanding and analysis and review Why are we doing this? Because it gives us something amazing It gives us a decentralized platform of trust that is neutral and not controlled by anyone and that's worth it But it's bloody painful and so This is where we are today Within this network, especially in the case of Bitcoin. We are now seeing a direct Conflict it's not a violent conflict. It's simply a conflict of ideas It's a disagreement about the future of the network It's a disagreement about the future of the currency and the future of the consensus rules. I Have to assume good faith. I think both parties see the way forward as the best way forward for Bitcoin But in technology, it's not just the matter of opinion There is truth truth mean something There are correct opinions and incorrect opinions There are opinions that match the facts and ones that don't It's not a system of belief. It's a system of science Unfortunately, most of the conversation that's happening Really looks like a system of belief or more likely a competition of soccer So on the one hand you have diehard fans of FC Barcelona and on the other hand diehard fans of Manchester United There is no right or wrong. There is no correct answer There is only my team and your team and your team is wearing the wrong color They look silly and they can't play soccer clearly Any intelligent person can see that Unfortunately that doesn't lead to any scientific conclusions, which is why we're here So what we're seeing today is the culmination of a fundamental culture clash between people who primarily build manage deploy and run Hardware and people who fundamentally build manage and maintain software and That's why you'll notice there's some Chinese people on the software side and some westerners on the hardware side And this is not a culture clash between East and West It is a culture class between hardware and software and from within that a New culture is now emerging a culture of developers who are building trust where who are gradually Seeing the nuances and incredible difficulty of building a system of consensus rules That is backed by hardware and deployed on a global network and that is trust where thank you


Ndibu in Lagos State APC have reiterated the support for the candidacy of Borla Tinubu and Baba Jidhi Somolu come 2023 election. The group from the 20 local government areas and the 37 local council development areas of the state declared their support for Borla Tinubu as the party's 2023 presidential candidate and Governor Baba Jidhi Somolu as the governorship candidate. Addressing the gathering, the state chairman of the APC Cornelius Ogilabi said with the massive turnout for the town hall meeting, the party has been reassured of their commitment and dedication. Other people have their own parties. That's the democracy. In the U.S., you have the Republicans and the Democrats. There are other parties. You will see a family that has been Republican for 100 years, more than 100 years. So people take a stand and you stand by it. We are APC. That's what we are saying. We are making this statement clear that we are APC. What you see is our leaders from the state to the local government and to the world level. And some other associations like the Hanezi, the speaking community, the Indieses, these are leaders in their own right. Coming from their words and local government and the state. That's what we are today. We are just making a police car statement that this is our APC's party and we are ready to deliver our candidate, both at the national level and at the state level. We are doing very well in Lagos State. Among all the states, there are no people mad at for one year, say that the owners of this land, Lagos, have been trapping us away. We have never reached such a thing. We are prospering in our businesses. We are prospering in our businesses, we are prospering in everything we do. In fact, let me tell you, Igbo's are everywhere, especially in the medical sector. You know the order of Igbo in the medical sector has been completed.  It's the good will of a negotiate. Hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.