Hello everyone, welcome back to another Premiere Pro tutorial. This one I'm going to show you how to adjust volume and loudness using keyframes. It's easy to do and it allows you to do it so that you don't have to make all sorts of different cuts and stuff like that. So let me show you what I'm talking about here. I've got some birds flying around when I hit spacebar. You'll see here that it's a little bit into the red and it's crackly and it's just not good. So how do we fix this? Simple. We're going to hover over here between the A1 and the A2 and once we get that little doodaddy, we're going to get the option to increase the size. So let's just see if we can get that hover, correct? Something like that. There we go. And now I'm going to increase that size considerably and why are we doing that? Because it now reveals that white line. So we can increase the volume like this, extra loud, or we can decrease it like that. Very quiet. But that's not what we want to do. We want to do keyframing. So how do we do that? I'm going to zoom in a little bit. Watch this. Go from your selection tool down to your pen tool. When you left click on your pen tool, you're going to now see that when you hover over this white line, we can go ahead now and add points. Watch this. So I'm adding basically keyframes to the audio. And why is that interesting? Because if like let's say the first part is way too loud, I'm just going to pull this one down and I'll even pull this one down. It doesn't matter. It's quiet and then it ramps up. Now it's loud, right? You see what's happening here? I'm going ahead and adjusting these keyframes as I see fit based on what each part of the video in terms of how loud it should be. That's how you add keyframes in Premiere Pro. Thanks for watching. Time for stuff coming up. Stay tuned.


OH THE ROCK! HIT HIM THROUGH SPARKING! IS THAT ENOUGH? Hold on, that actually is enough. Wow, that is upsetting! That cannot feel good to get hit with the rock through sparking. How's it going everybody? Dato do it here, back with some more Dragon Ball Fighters rank batches. This time going back to the old classic main team before season 3 came out of Krillin, Super Saiyan Goku and Yamcha all rocking the A-Assist. Alright, so yeah, we even have the Rock-Assist on Krillin, which I'm really curious in trying out because it got way, way better in season 3, which is unfortunate because I never tried it out because I asked for the Beam Assist for so long. Also, we got a nice sit-on scene Gohan here. Yeah, we're also playing Super Saiyan Goku, which isn't a character I played too much of these days. You know what? Let me go ahead and hit this Super Dash. I was going to switch out, then I thought of it again. Beam Assist, the classic. Dude, this is, oh, I got hit. It feels so right playing this team when Goku's not out. And then Goku comes out and you see the 2M and that's really the reason I don't play him anymore, but man, I wish he still had it, dude. That didn't hit. Timing's still all wrong. Alright, let me bend these up. Is he going to Super Dash? I'll do it then. Vanish doesn't work as well. I'm going to guard cancel it. Yep. Alright, well, all this is still the same.  It's not like Goku's just an awful character. Like, he can still do a ton of damage, still get sliding pretty much anywhere he wants, and still has a Beam Assist. Alright, you know what? Hold on. Speaking of Assist, Rocks, I accidentally did the, I held back and did the Sensi version. Sounds about right. Oh, that's not canon. Alright, now that the Assist is back up, let's try to do the right version.  I didn't need that though. I'm not going to lie, the Sensi Bean did have him. It is hard trying to call out this Assist without, alright, let me see if I can get this damage. Two, oh, I dropped the last part, and again. I dropped the last part of the combo. Alright, well, we hit, we still have it, we still have it. Back up, curling with the Rocks. Oh, where are you going? Yoncha? Nice. Hold on, dude. I kind of like the Rock Assist. Granted, when I can do it, because I have missed it multiple times already. Curve it up. Nice. Okay, didn't even, the curve up didn't really even matter there, but. Alright, Team Gohan, pretty low on Limit Break, so I don't even think, we really don't have to, how did that hit him? Oh my God, if I was him, I'd be upset. Rocks! Oh, the Rock hit him through Sparking. Is that enough? Hold on, that actually is enough. Wow, that is upsetting. That cannot feel good to get hit with the Rock through Sparking. It was not, was that a range quit? Nah, that can't, that had to be like a disconnection thing.  Alright, we are back with another opponent here, back with the old mate to you.  I have no idea if that was an actual range quit or not. But regardless, the timing was sublime. There's no, oh, nice blocks. Oh, he's still blocked. Oh, the DP, I was going to go in for a Dragon Rush too, so that was pretty smart. Now, heat that. Cooler is so scary, dude. I don't care what anybody says, this character is pretty good. I think most characters in this game are actually pretty good, so I'm not sure how much that actually means, but. You know what, let me just do the Yamcha. I was thinking about going into Goku, but I didn't want to lose corner. So I'm going to go ahead and just do a 2M. If he blocks it, I'm reading Sparky. Oh, I was so fast. Woo, that was sick. Oh no, got me with the last hit. Ended to the auto-com, but it gave me back in the corner. That was pretty sick too. But if you don't mind, I do want to be switching into Goku. See you later. And 2M. Thank goodness, I might have actually been dead. Alright, that's enough of that. No, another DP. Okay, the rocks up close are not that great, because they do hit both at the same time. I thought that was going to miss because of the 2M. Alright, that's a knockout. Oh wait, I can still do this. No, I can't. It's been so long. Oh, cross up. You know what? It was sick. Yeah, it's been a little too long. That instant transmission coming at me out was a little early, huh? I held back again. Jeez, I am so bad at doing that. It's just because I like to stay safe during my assist calls. I don't want to move forward unless they look at him clicking A. Stop holding forward me. No, I mean back. Wow, I am terrible at that. Nice. Oh, that sucked. Alright, keep him away, keep him away. Nice. Let's go. That's good enough for me. I'm not going to waste any bar. Okay, the way I play that assist is hard to use. With the way I'm constantly holding back whatever I can be. Alright, but is this enough actually? Probably not going to be. Oh, it was. Wow, that does a chunk of damage. I underestimated that severely. I thought that wasn't even going to be close. No, come on, that was cheap. I appreciate you, Krillin, but I'm still upset. I'm so upset it lagged right there. Alright, well, they were still going to eat the knockdown. I feel like he's going to do a wake-up shuriken, so let's make this a safe jump. Nope, he didn't. Alright, I'm going optimal. There was no optimal there. I dropped it way too early. I will not miss this one though. Nice, okay. We get game one over big booty, Judy, and we're moving. I wanted to do that as seriously as possible and just not bring it up, but I couldn't. I cracked a smile. I'm not going to lie. Alright, game two. I'm still not completely over that range quit or whatever it may have been. Alright, he's going to start with a 5H. Look at the reads. Dragon rush. I'll take one at the start. Dude, we are really moving right now. Alright, get him back down. And then we're going to fake an afterimage and go low. Oh, I didn't even fake it. 6M. Oh, no. Oh, I could have punished two. That's fine. That's fine. Y'all just pick it back up. Damn, I am dropping everything. I'm going back in. Big punish. What are you doing? Guard canceling. Do I want to switch cooler back in though? Nah, you know what? Nah. Actually, you know what? Yes, I do. I dropped it. I dropped it. I couldn't get the combo. I wanted to go level one into the assist and then DR, which I think I could have done. I don't think I DR'd that entire combo if I'm remembering correctly. See, assist into the tick throw. Damn, that was good. I honestly didn't expect the tick throw. I should go for some EX legs. Nah, I expected that one, dude. I expected that one. Y'all just take him away. Am I going optimal? Nope. Yeah. That one dropped. Okay, back up. Oh, I was throwing Key Blast. Was that too much Asphalt? I'm letting him get away with so much blue health. All right, I'm going to Spark. Early Spark is the way if it's going to push him off me into the corner. It doesn't go for anything. This is so much damage if I do it right. Oh, yeah, dude, it's damaged. He dropped the combo, though. He threw it. Oh, that was not a real block string then. Man, I'm just going to keep going for that combo because I do want to hit it. Plus, nice. He was looking for a DP or something. He wanted to get out without blocking. So I was taking my sweet time with that one. Yamcha assist cleans them back up again.  All right. This will be like three level ones. Meaning we get our real point character Krillin back in and we can just handle this Vegeta now. Now, granted, I lose a lot to limit break Vegeta's. I don't know why. I guess it's just like he's such an all-around character that the added damage really usually gets me. If they open me up once or twice, especially with Spark so they can prolong how long the game has to go on, I'm just going to try to get the same side level three. See if I still got it. Let me see that back. Yes, that should be same side level three. What's the sparking read with Goku again? He didn't do it, whatever it was.  One, two, all right, and I'll see. I did the wrong super. Believe me, I am upset with myself more than you are with me right now. Oh my goodness.  Oh, that's it. Not fun. Okay, we're good. We're good. Hard to say that that drop wasn't awful. I thought I had the game in the bag, dude. I thought it was so close to done. I just did that. I was like, why am I warping right now? I swear I did the right one, but then I looked down at my thumbs and sure enough, they were not on the correct button. All right. Super Dash Yonchis is such a classic. I kind of want to use the rock assist a little more. So there's going to be a force switch. I definitely wasn't the best, but that's plus. That is not plus. I'm trying to get that too. I know it's been a while, but I'm not ready to give up on Super Saiyan Goku just yet. I want to hit the optimal stuff. Remember, I wonder if I still have that clip of me at the very end of season two, practicing Super Saiyan Goku stuff and saying, I know I should have practiced this before a game changing patch comes out, but what's the worst that could happen? And then Goku just falls off the map and I never get to play him again. Because the literal worst happened. All right, beam assist, let's go. Yeah. Don't eat that Sensei Bean. That would hurt me more than any combo you can do. All right, I take it back. You could have had the Sensei Bean. This hurts a lot more. Please stop. Drop it. Vanishing. I don't even know what that one... Wait, am I out? No. All right. I guess that was more meter effective. For me, I thought he was just going to level one once he hit the ground originally. Oh my God. He's lost it. He's lost it. We're just getting kicked in the face now. Dean Gohan players are actually a very similar relative to Bardock players. Am I going behind or... No, I'm just getting punched in the face. All right. It's about this time when we want to spark. If... You only have to keep last to worry about. All right, we're just going to keep moving. Gee, stop the lag. Stop the lag. Oh my... We got him. All right. Well, the connection's coming back down. And we're just back down to Vegeta again. Last time I was worried. This time, since we've already dealt with it once, I'm not too afraid. Well, I am that the rocks just threw me off, but other than that... What's the mix? What's the mix? Get off me. DP? No DP. Wow. Is that death? No, that's... That was over exaggerative. I mean, we're not even close. Let's go. That's plus. Behind the... He's dead. He is so dead right here. One, two, three. We're going to go full auto combo. And then vanish. And then hit him with a little bit of this. And a little bit of this. And now this is where the burst damage comes out. Ready, go. Level three wouldn't have got the job done there because it would have taken too long. Before destructive this, that'll get the job done whatever you need. Can we go one more? How long has it been? All right. We'll do one more. I think that... Was that not three? That might have been three. I have no idea where we're at, but I'm enjoying the team's... Let me just... Let me go to work real quick. Let's make this one a speed run. Are you cooler? What you doing? You're going on the ground for sliding. Oh my goodness. The speed run begins. What's the splits? I must be in gold. All right. This is a three level one kill. If we had... If we had a strong enough other level one like TN or something, that probably could have been a two level one kill. But we'll settle for the three bars leading Super San Goku out. We have to remember that that rock assist is kind of nice though. I don't know what I'm actually feeling on it. No, that was a nice assist call. But he didn't actually do anything with it. Oh, he lost his square. Let's go. Wow. This is a... What a ride of an episode. We took a square and we got a rage quit. Don't take through me. Oh my God. I just got too aged. If you would have sparked, I would have died. Yeah, the rocks up close aren't that dangerous. Am I dead? One bar? Oh, I'm definitely dead. Oh, okay. That was what I thought he was going to do last time. See, now that he did that other route last time and I saw that, I was like, oh, we're living. No, we're still dead. I'm getting caught by this. The speed runs off, by the way. We are so in the red. He's going to DP right here. Really? We're going to lose the final match. I can't believe it. We got guard punish canceled. He lost the square and he's upset. You know what? I'm upset too. Let's go. Come on, don't run. I thought I delayed it long enough. No. I don't know what to do to beat this DP. Let's go. All right. Hold on. Hold on. We actually hit that combo. That means it's up to Yamcha. He's not blocking this 2M. Or did he already block a 2M this set? Oh, he did with Cooler. No, no, no. I still don't trust it. I still don't trust it. Let's go. It's so much health. I didn't get the second bar like I thought I did. Am I just seeing things? Wait, did I not have the second bar? Oh, I didn't actually get the full thing. That's fine. I could guard. I could guard all day. It lagged and I thought he did a Dragon Rush. I was like, oh, I'm seeing it slow-mo. This is where dead. Well, wait. Now we're dead. That was ballsy. That was a really ballsy decision. He was like, yeah, he's scared. I'm gonna hit him with this Dragon Rush. If I'm masked, that would have been it. Oh, that was sick. Gashed over, got a little too overzealous and I just hit him in the back. He would have thought this was Tekken. Please, Vegeta, don't kill me. Don't do this to me. Let's go. Big hit. That'll give us a level 3 in the corner as well, meaning he has to block. Nice. This is perfect. And half a bar to do any Wolffang fist mix-ups. Oh, we wasted the half a bar. Oh, this is gonna be a tight game, because he's gonna level 3 right here. Yup. Now we have to block and mix it.  Tektit, we're in the clutch now, boys. Why did the, oh no, the 2-H should have hit.  He should have killed us right there. Like I should have killed him right there, so we're even Stevens now. Oh, I'm on the same side. He couldn't tell and that's a wrap. Okay, that was a very stressful way to end the video, but it's over nonetheless. Thank you guys so much for watching this one. Hopefully you enjoyed it, the old main team. It was fun going back. Well, let me know your main team back in season 2 and whether or not it's changed at in season 3 down below. And while you're down there, if you liked the video and the channel, make sure to like button and subscribe and check out some other videos on the channel that should be on your screen right now. Other than that, I've been Datsudoya. Thanks again for making it all the way to the end, and we'll see you in the next one.


and welcome back to Hawaii, the state of clean energy on Think Tech Hawaii. I'm your host, Mitchell, and today on the show our guest is Toby Kincaid, my old friend from way back when, who's been on the show several times, and now is the publisher of Green Hydrogen, Hydrogen Today, which is a new magazine. We'll be discussing how Green Hydrogen is sprouting up everywhere in the globe. It seems not a week goes by without the announcement of you have another Green Hydrogen roadmap from a country or a mega Green Hydrogen production plan. So welcome to the show Toby. Thank you Aloha Commander. Good to be with you. Great to see you. So let's start with you introducing yourself and why you started your new magazine. Well really for two reasons, a personal reason and a professional reason. The personal reason is kind of twofold. Last summer we burned up and it kind of brought it home. We're in a climate disruption. I mean in Oregon it used to be April showers bring May flowers. Well now it's April drought brings May doubt and we're seeing a very serious situation. So on the personal side I've always had an yearning to want to be involved with solutions. And then on the professional side what's what's really happened in this last year and you predicted it is that something is moving and the whole world has woken up and it really started in Hawaii when you declared your 100% renewable energy goal for 2045. You lit a fire under the world and now 72 countries are following your lead. 32 of them have declared their path. How are they actually going to decarbonize? And the leaders right now are the European Union. They have taken it seriously. They're calling it the European Green Deal which is really a green hydrogen deal because that's what they're focused on in real solutions. And you know that message is coming through around the world that you know 30 years ago 80% of the world runs on fossil fuel. That was 30 years ago. You know what the percentage is now? 81. Yeah we really haven't made much progress. I mean the world has grown so much it's absorbed all of the clean energy that we've put into it. But it's really Mount Everest. If we actually want to survive and you know the World Wildlife Fund reported recently that since the 70s 80% of all the flora and fauna species around clean water bodies have disappeared. 80% since the since when I was a kid. So this is a very serious situation and it was really around Thanksgiving of this last year that I thought you know we you know as we all are facing our humanity our mortality are you know how fragile we are and our fragile life is. So I took a another look at what's going on around the world and it was really this conference in Singapore which just lit a fire under me. I was so impressed with the Pacific Rim that Singapore, Korea, Japan, and especially Australia has now embraced this green hydrogen world and they see it as a way to actually decarbonize to get us off of carbon. So professionally I thought you know this industry has matured so much we really need a trade journal. So for some reason I decided to set myself to that task and I'll tell you you know it's it's it's wonderful to not know what you don't know. But let's throw up the cover of this new trade magazine while you're talking. Wonderful. So very nice. Beautiful. Oh thank you. When I when I first conceived it I thought well I want to publish a magazine. I've always loved magazines. I think it's it's graphic. It's wonderful. What a great genre. So I always thought I would do a print magazine. Well as I looked into it I realized hey we do live in the 21st century and now we have all these modern tools and one of those two very big ones is the Apple App Store and Google Play.  The Apple App Store reaches 170 countries. And I'm very happy to report since we've been up in the last week and a half we've had downloads in 11 countries. Really? Singapore, Hong Kong, Poland, Korea, the Netherlands, UK. I was stunned. And so there's a hunger out there. People need a solution and they need a real solution. And so I set myself to it and it was I gotta say it was rough. I mean there's a lot of details and but anything worthwhile is going to be a little tough. So just like any good fight you know you keep swinging halfway through you keep swinging and hopefully you'll end up still on your feet. And it took a while it was a mind bender because of all of the security layers and so forth. It's a complicated thing to build an app. But why build an app? Well you need an app to go onto these platforms because there's so many different computers so many different operating systems and sizes and they all have to talk to each other. So it was really you know don't throw me in the briar patch but boy I was in it. It took me four months every day to get through it but we did get through it. We're up live and it's really an amazing amazing thing that that the creative process that if you have it in your head you can actually get it out through your hands and out into the world and so this is my first child I'm proud to say. Well I'm happy to say that I'm probably one of your first customers and I actually downloaded the app and the magazine over the weekend so I can vouch that it actually works and you can download it and you've got a special offer too right for the first three months or three. That's right so if you sign up for the year first three months there's no obligation if you want to say hey this isn't for me no harm no foul but I sure hope that I can catch everyone to join in in this collaborative effort to focus on real solutions and the economic engine that a real solution is because a solution isn't a problem it's a solution it's how we can get through this and so I've been amazed that I've had tremendous feedback and I'm a little bit stunned and very very happy to say so. Well I think during the show we'll be uh some of our slides will just be general content just to uh samples of your content that you're throwing out there. We don't expect anybody to actually read all the print and everything like that it's just to show you you know what kind of subjects you're addressing so let's go to the next slide we'll talk about it we talk about the green hydrogen and how it's popping up everywhere so well well as you predicted uh the world is organizing around this and and you know countries like chile and and korea now these are countries that don't have a lot of fossil fuels and if you can imagine trying to compete with the rest of the world as these small countries it takes a lot of hutzpah takes a lot of gumption to say hey you know we've talked to our scientists and we've looked at everything and if we're in chile we have huge solar resources in the north we have patagonia wind in the south and we have micro hydro in the mountains in the middle why don't we create green hydrogen and sell it to the pacific rim and that is impressive. They're actually a powerhouse. Absolutely I think you know who would have ever thought of chile as being an energy superpower yeah exactly they have the resources they are yeah and then I just want to make one point is that the investments are matching the visions so we're not talking millions of dollars that these countries are allocating they're allocating billions of dollars that's with a b out there everyone just so you know these are significant large investments like the EU is like 17 billion dollars they're allocated per year they're going full tilt in fact the european roadmap and and what they're putting their money into they're they're creating hydrogen hubs green hydrogen hubs all over europe particularly the port of Rotterdam and they're going after the tough stuff they're going after the things that we wouldn't normally address and are the last to fix which is steel cement ammonia these feedstocks that are so intensive with fossil fuels you know just for ammonia I think three percent of all the fossil fuels in the world burned are to make that material and why do we have ammonia just all the people yeah it's well it's the basis of fertilizer and with all of the the major agricultural farming around the world I now personally I like organic farming in a small scale but nevertheless these are this is an 800 billion dollar a year industry and so the idea is how can we make green ammonia and what's great and what's green mean toby well green means no carbon no carbon at all so for example if you make steel you've got to make coke first which is just burned up carbon that gets all the impurities out and then they add the coke to the steel to to regulate how much carbon goes into it and then they blast furnace that and it's just tremendously polluting same with ammonia we use it for fertilizer all over the world as I mentioned it's 800 billion dollar industry very few accidents it's very very carefully managed but it's very right now to make the hydrogen that they stick to the nitrogen they use steam methane reforming so they're using fossil fuels methane and you produce 10 tons of carbon dioxide for every one ton of of hydrogen and that's what's going on in the world so the entire world industry of hydrogen just in converting to a green hydrogen base using renewables to make it out of water so you know it's amazing we can make an equation if you have sunlight and water you have hard currency since sunlight falls in a distributed way everywhere and whether it's sunlight directly or wind which is a result you put that through a machine called an electrolyzer add water and suddenly you have hydrogen and oxygen so the waste product is the oxygen they just let it go there's actually a drive for a whole oxygen market based on the the waste product of electrolyzers well actually we need oxygen you know as the covid pandemic showed I mean here in Hawaii our hospitals uh and certain hospitals ran out of uh oxygen and the industrial gas suppliers couldn't resupply it fast enough and they actually phoned me up and asked if I could provide uh oxygen from my site over at the uh on the big island at the nalha site because they're so they're really concerned about it so yeah and this pandemic is going to keep on going I mean probably at a much reduced rate we're getting much better at it but it just goes to show you that you know in times of uh emergency like this um we really need to have the adequate adequate supplies and backups ready to go like a contingency plan absolutely and and when we look at real solutions and we do the math um you know it's very popular for for uh institutions to say well we're very agnostic about what the solution will be maybe it's this maybe it's that but I would remind everyone if you ever go to a horse track that's not that I do but I challenge you to find a gambler that's agnostic about putting their bet on oh just pick a horse yeah right no no they pick winners they research it they try we've got to decide well we have to you know fish or cut bait the fact is uh we're falling off uh off the the table here I mean as you know in Texas last winter you know they're reporting it as well the severe storms of that era and it wasn't a severe storm we had a polar vortex the entire top of the world fell off and went down all the way to the gulf coast right over Texas and you went from maybe you know 40 degrees to 40 below in a matter of hours and how many critters have been killed you know when when the world starts jerking around like that I think the writing's on the wall and fortunately and and really Hawaii we owe you for for breaking the log jam for saying hey we can't go on like this we have to find something better and fortunately we do have something better and that's green hydrogen that's using renewable energy to make hydrogen fuel from water and the goodness is when you use the fuel you get most of the water back exactly you know the human beings we're mostly made of water I think we're like 74 percent water very similar to the proportion of water on the earth which is interesting but water water everywhere nor any drop to drink so in this case if we base everything instead of hydrogen stuck to a carbon that's door number one let's go to door number two where hydrogen is stuck to oxygen and that's water and as you've pointed out you're in Hawaii you're surrounded by oceans of energy and so all we need to do is put renewables into that and now anyone anywhere uh can can have all of the energy they want in modern living and this is really the message you know you and I have talked about technology and history how each century the 18th century we had revolutions in engine technology we went from from the 18th to the 19th we went from external combustion with steam engines to internal combustion with piston engines and then in the 20th century went to jet turbines well now in the 21st century it's going to be this electron engine which is a combining electrolyzers and fuel cells in one power block then this is just wonderful for balancing the grid for example one big market that's emerging is called F-CAS frequency control and ancillary services and what happens in California is they have a lot of renewables but sometimes they have so much renewables they have to curtail it they have to turn it off so with this little uh um uh green hydrogen ability you can actually if the voltage is too high you just turn on the electrolyzer and that'll add a load and pull it down if the voltage is too low you turn on the fuel cell to take the hydrogen you bubbled earlier and and boost up that frequency so what we're seeing is all of these manifestations of of how you could use green hydrogen in our existing markets and and actually do a much better job than than what we all have to face is that fossil fuels are toxic and how long how long can you do it? Yeah I read an article in the APOC times today which said that California is asking people who own electric vehicles battery electric vehicles not to charge their vehicles during the peak hours because it's going to cut you know they just don't have the uh that the grid can't handle the wires can't handle the electricity absolutely because everybody's got their air conditioner on it's like you know probably the hottest part of the day they're coming home from work they're turning on all their stuff and now they're asking electric vehicle a battery electric vehicle people not to charge their cars which is not a problem with hydrogen cars. And that's a big point you know when you operate a grid it's it's called an independent system operator in ISO these are the guys they don't own anything they just manage the grid but they've got to keep a very dynamic situation in balance demand and supply have to match your demand goes up it's going to brown out your grid if demand goes down you're going to have arc flash and have danger of electricity trying to find a path so it has to be an absolute balance and and and that's a difficult thing to do when we talk that you bring up the the debate that's now happening between an EV all battery infrastructure and an EV fuel cell infrastructure they're entirely different but as you would point out there are big advantages to going with the fuel cell because you don't need to touch the grid during peak at all we bubble the hydrogen on off peak times or during peak with solar but that's that's a great thing because you what you have now something to do with something to use the solar for so this is a tremendous it's tremendously difficult to do this so now we're only talking in california less than one or two percent of the fleet and you're still having probably wow so you know what now there's a very big business in the utility sector involved with planning because you have to plan what resources they need to schedule and they schedule capacity which just is kind of a spinning reserve then they they reserve the amount of electricity they might need and it becomes very expensive if you just go willy-nilly plugging in batteries how can they plan for that there's there's really no way and what's that that's going to do is cause them to have to schedule more capacity and that means your prices are going to go up so it's very unmanageable and that's the point the fuel cell model that you've been developing like the picture behind you it's it allows you to to help the grid instead of harm the grid instead of being a burden to the grid now you're helping balance the grid and that has a great stabilizing effect and of course being 100 percent non-toxic that's the that's the shape of the future well and you can also fill your car in five minutes as well absolutely imagine a thousand EVs all battery charging and even with DC fast charge by the time you go all the way through it you're probably close to an hour maybe a little bit less so for every thousand vehicles the fuel cell car you know fills up in less time that you know the same time you use in gasoline totally familiar to us but you know a thousand hours every week those EV all battery people are going to face that has a cumulative effect as well and so when we just cut through all of it the answer is actually very straightforward and it only involves a few kinds of components so what you've been developing and why is just vitally important because you're demonstrating to everyone how they can make their own energy that really brings us to the big point what's one of the largest you know almost insurmountable issues of humanity is inequity now if energy is a commodity which it is today you're talking about social you're talking about social equity yes in this case the the fact that the energy is a commodity means that a billion people are in abject poverty around the world I mean just serious poverty but with your green hydrogen scenario all we need to do is get them the right kit right gear right hardware and they're completely independent and look what this does imagine countries like Guatemala we're talking about this migration issue well if you get green hydrogen into Guatemala they're just going to make bed and breakfast and ecotourism and they'll realize where they are is far more valuable than moving anywhere else and it will have a great stabilizing effect on on the human the human state and so I see just enormous positive upside to us actually uh obsoleting fossil fuels well one uh one thing that just came up in the last couple of weeks is uh looking at saving our trees because trees absorb carbon dioxide but if you look at some countries like if you look at a satellite view of Haiti and the thing is the Dominican Republic you look at the satellite and Haiti it looks like a desert because people and the Dominican Republic side is this lush green jungle that's because on the the Haiti side the Haitian side um people come and cut all the trees down uh for firewood and that's what they use the for cooking and probably a little bit of heating or whatever and they've totally denuded the landscape and so uh there's obviously there's no carbon sequestration there and uh but with sunlight and water they could be um eating their cooking uh requirements their heating requirements even their fuel requirements for the vehicles and that would let the trees grow and you'd be absorbing carbon dioxide and sequestering it storing it so well I love that I love that idea it's an Oregonian it's a pretty simple solution actually so I thought that in our remaining time we could just do a quick little walkthrough some of the uh of your slides so let's uh let's have the next slide up and and you can uh just just to show you uh what green and hydrogen today looks like and you may comment on it as we go through there that the one you're looking at now was was a was a green hydrogen hub in Chile uh that what we just talked about a bit and uh and what I'd like to try you know my our typesetting skills are growing but it's just the imagery of some of these these photographs we can get are just so beautiful it reminds us of what we're doing and if we jump to the next slide there's another sleeping giant and that's the hydrogen hub the green hydrogen hub that's going to grow in India. India is the sleeping giant of the world uh they're talking very risk realistically about in a few years trying to get to a few percent of their installed capacity but that's billions of dollars I mean Bloomberg News reports that in the next five years 740 billion dollars will go into the green hydrogen space and what Bloomberg is realizing is is that they can sense it that there's there's movement to foot that the world is actually waking up they're finding solutions and finding a profitable path to implement those solutions and that's the key exactly so let's have the next slide up oh this is an interesting article on floating wind farms now most wind farms offshore are are are they have a lot of problem because of the visual impact that people don't care for and also the undersea cables are rather expensive actually but there's a there's a group in the Netherlands who have come up with a very clever idea of floating wind turbines out in the North Sea and using their retired platforms that they used for oil drilling that's where they mount the electrolyzers and then what they're going to do is tap into their existing natural gas pipelines that they used to import that gas from the North Sea and they're going to convert it over to hydrogen so now they've got a built-in transmission and distribution system and that's phenomenal and this concept it was really started by the Germans called powered to gas and they're point out that the the storage capacity of the of the natural gas pipelines is terawatts of energy so you don't need to build a battery you could create the hydrogen which is the battery and put it through the gas pipeline and that stores it there's a great study done by Dr. Brower at the the fuel cell partnership in southern California and they did a study where they actually modeled how to power the entire state of California with GreenEye quite impressive and they inject they have out in the desert the like a 20 mile area of solar farms and that would make hydrogen they injected into the existing line right at the Arizona border and it goes all the way into the LA basin to the port of LA to the Long Beach they just have it all worked out and they worked out the percentage was something like 60% wind and 40% solar they found it very complimentary at night the wind goes up and during the day the sun goes up and by balancing it through this this hydrogen as the battery all of the grid operators are happy they can they they know when to turn on the resources they need I just was so impressed Dr. Brower I applaud you and we'll be writing you up shortly okay next slide oh this is a very interesting piece on on green hydrogen and aviation drones you know how do how do we live without drones now right well drones only last about 20 minutes in flight time typically with the battery packs that they have but you can get four hours out of the drone that you're looking at with that little bottle of hydrogen and a fuel cell on board so I'm very excited about this because a heavy lift drone would allow us to take fire fighting materials directly out to where the spark is and reach it by air and then drop that that retardant right on the little hot spots so I'm very excited about the fire fighting potential of green hydrogen in drones so this is the kind of thing we're trying to look at all of the different exciting avenues and exciting projects that are really coming on board and I am flabbergasted I've just spent three days in a conference out of Montreal the ninth annual World Hydrogen Technology Conference yeah and watch out for the Canadians boy they're getting it you better watch out they are gunning for this the people at Hydro Quebec which has been a long time hydrogen green hydrogen provider actually they've been hydrogen hub for decades I think NASA buys most of our our hydrogen fuel for space flight from Hydro Quebec and affiliates and so now we're looking in this next issue we're focusing on the green hydrogen hub of Canada and specifically British Columbia and Alberta now Alberta is a really interesting story because they're a major exporter of fossil fuels but even they are beginning to look at the Pacific Rim and going hmm they don't really want to buy our fossil fuels anymore they're declaring that they want to buy green hydrogen or as close to green hydrogen as as possible will they buy a little blue hydrogen that's still made from methane and then they try and sequester the CO2 but there's no real easy way to do that and and by the way an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure why would you put billions of dollars into trying to put the genie back in the bottle when you have the option of not letting her out exactly so let's go back to the last slide because we're running out of time oh so fast freeze through 29 and a half minutes well you know it's it's it this article was about the who I consider the founding father of green hydrogen um Augustine Machot and Machot was a French mathematician in the 1860s and 70s and he built all kinds of contraptions solar concentrators he distilled liqueurs he he would cook for the for the French Legion in North Africa with solar powered cookers this guy was amazing but what he really did which was off the hook in the early 1870s as he took his his solar concentrator and he learned about seabach who built thermal piles the thermal couples you can take different metals and stack them up like Volta did basically and make a battery but it reacts with heat so at the boundary layer between the different metals you cause an electricity to flow so what this guy did is he built one he concentrated solar energy on it made enough like made enough amps to power an electrolyzer and made hydrogen fuel in in his garden and tours in in 1870 okay let's go to the last line because oh yeah please so so here's our logo we're available in the app store and google play if you if you uh you know on on the app store all the apps are free you can download any app for free inside the app they'll have what they call in-app purchases so that's when you can decide if you want to buy something in in our case i would encourage everyone to grab a free uh grab a subscription you get that free three month and then you can decide if you don't want it that's fine uh that won't cost anything please have a look at it and we'd love to have your feedback and uh you know the green hydrogen is going global and uh we're honored to be a part of that well thanks a lot Toby it's been great having you on board thank you okay so there we have it we're going to leave it here you've been watching Hawaii the state of clean energy on think tecawaii and today we've been discussing the global movement the green hydrogen and a hydrogen economy with uh Toby Kincaid the publisher of green hydrogen today and thanks to the viewers all your viewers out there for tuning in and i'm Mitch Ewan and we'll be back in two weeks with another edition of Hawaii the state of clean energy


Welcome to a very special edition of Fast Forward, where we have some exciting and we'll call it breaking news to talk to you about today. Jamie, do you want to kick us off? Yes, absolutely, Dino. I am so incredibly proud to announce that JSA, our scrappy, amazing little company here that focuses on public relations and marketing for telecom and data centers, our critical network infrastructure industry, we have been ranked. Are you ready, guys? Number 3700 on the Inc 2022 fastest growing private companies list. That's the Inc 5000 list, making it, oh, the second year in a row, which is incredible. This is such a prestigious list to be recognized and part of this. It's two times over, just incredible, amazing. Yeah, absolutely amazing and congratulations, Captain. We did it again, two years on a row and on behalf of the entire JSA team, I want to say that we are very, very proud to be part of the Inc 5000 list. So to tell us a little bit more about how we got here and what we're up to, I'm going to pass it over to Jamie. We're going to do a little bit of Q&A for you today. So Jamie, why don't you start by telling us how you felt when you heard the news today? Oh my goodness. Well, one word would be blessed. I really think about this. We got here to this level of distinction really because of our JSA family, as well as our clients and our industry, all three tiers supporting us, believing in us and us believing in ourselves, us supporting one another, our creativity, our passions, our new ideas, our tools, just keep pushing the envelope, something I feel like we're known for. I think when I often sit in and listen to our brainstorming sessions, there's just this feeling of we can accomplish anything that, hey, guys, this is what is needed. Our industry needs this. For example, a new type of one-on-one networking format during COVID or a way to break down all of our country borders and share ideas on sustainability. But how can we do it? How can we break down walls? How can we provide networking opportunities during a pandemic? Well, these questions, tough questions, by the way, have always led us to creative, innovative solutions like our virtual networking roundtables and of course greener data. And this is the essence of JSA. And then to have an industry, a community that turns around and says, yeah, let's do it. Let's go ahead and write a book. Let's host these virtual networking events and be able to network with one another and the speakers and the attendees. And let's do it. Let's try a new platform. Let's go explore together and see what we can do together. It's incredible. Yeah, so Jay, I've been here 11 years. So even back before I joined the team, could you ever imagine JSA being where we are today? Where there's literally a waiting list to come and partner and collaborate with JSA? Could you imagine that some 20 years ago? I know.  Oh, I knew 20 years ago that, yeah. No, honestly, at first, honestly, I didn't even know that there would be an and associates. It's crazy. What do you mean and associates? I'm one of those associates. I know, but the day I decided, I'm going to create a company. I'm going to do it. I sat down with my friend Todd and you know Todd. Now, I've known you a long time, Jay, and I think I might know who you're talking about, who are we talking about? Well, Todd's around. Well, Todd Raymond, he now heads up 1547, Critical Systems Realty. But back then he was, gosh, now we're talking over 18 years ago, right? But he was my chief counsel over at Telex and I was head of marketing in PR there. And what I told him, I mean, I remember this conversation so distinctly, but I told him, you know what, Todd, like the industry needs a PR firm that's of four by our industry. That's what I was on the hunt for at Telex. And sadly, I never found an agency back then that got us, that knew our language, that knew other cool influencers, what our industry impact was, our global local communications, how it would help us as humans grow. And so at the time, you know, I brought it in-house and built up their marketing in PR department. But at this time, Telex was going through its first sale and so, you know, we had to keep PR sort of quiet, if you will. And so I thought it was a good time for me to tiptoe out on my own and represent maybe two or three more companies. And so I was thinking, okay, well, I need a name to put on this business certificate. And Todd said, well, how about Jamie Scato and Associates? It's what agencies, a lot of lawyers, a lot of you know, principals name and associates. And I said, I'm like, goodness, but would that be like starting on a line? It's just me and my computer. Like there's no and associates.  They're so nervous about new teachers, new friends and they're like, you've got this. Todd sort of had that same maternal look. He's gonna love that I said that. But he really, he said, Jay, have faith, it'll come. And now fast forward, 18 years later, January one, we become official adults, 18 years old. But we are Jamie Scato and Associates, about 50 teams, members strong and a second-time lister on the Inc. 5000 Fastest Growing Private Companies in the US. Wow, something that's about all of this, you know? Well, hot dog, Jay. I mean, for one, I'm very, very happy that Todd recommended you have associates. Yes. But so Jay, you know, I've known you a long time and I do feel like many of the 50 plus JSAers are inspired by you every day. But what, tell us a little bit about what inspires you, what inspires you to get up and keep hard charging the way that you do every day. Gosh, you and each of us here at JSA, honestly, we were just on a chat with a team member who just completed her first 120 days here at JSA and she inspired me.  There's a new level of talent that we are able to attract much due to being on lists like Inc. 5000, you know? It's a really notable accomplishment and it allows us to attract the best of the best, but also the new businesses that we're so fortunate to represent. I mean, the companies that we call our clients, our friends, doing incredible things to change the landscape of our industry and the fact that we get to creatively promote their news and share that with everyone. And it's just, we're so fortunate. And again, you know, the community, the industry itself letting us be so creative and passionate, you know, and saying, yeah, all right, I'll listen to that. I'll watch that. I'll watch JSA fast forward. They're on LinkedIn Live, you know, blabbering, what? But, you know, honestly, it's so extraordinary that it makes it hard to sleep at night. I get so excited. I wake up and write notes down like, oh, what else can we do? And it's, you know, I couldn't imagine doing anything else but this and being so honored and excited every day, that's, you know, amazing. Yeah, it's funny, Jay, because your enthusiasm and your leadership is quite infectious. And I think that I think I probably speak for everyone who works here today and probably everyone who's ever worked at JSA. But that's where we are today. And a question that you like to ask during our JSA TVs is to pull out the crystal ball and to predict and to talk, excuse me, a little bit about what the company looks like six months down the road. Six years, maybe 10 years down the road. What predictions do you have for us? Gosh, I really feel like anything is possible. If we dream it, we can do it. And it's an empowering feeling. Who gets that feeling? So the question then becomes for us, for us JSAers, what is worthy of our time and our industry's time? You know, we have to choose carefully because we have so many channels at our disposal, so many listeners. You have to choose your words carefully at that moment. And so about a year ago, we collectively voted here at JSA and said, what is our spiritual? Why are we doing this? We have such trust behind us. So many great industry peers listening. What can we do? How can we really move the needle here? How can we leverage all this influence and channels to do something better? So we collectively decided we're going to save the world, essentially. And you know, that might sound crazy, but really we came across a statistic that was staggering that data centers and data networks are responsible currently for about two to 3% of global energy consumption. And if you think about that, that is one large carbon footprint globally. We're talking global energy consumption.  And where I see problems, you know, when warranted when possible, they can be turned into opportunities. And this is an example here guys, if we work together and right now, not yesterday, not tomorrow, now, right now, we can do this, we can move that needle. We can start chipping away at that carbon footprint and we can teach our own data centers and data networks how to be just more greener, more sustainable in our practices and our policies. We can attract more clients who are looking for more sustainable solutions. We can teach our existing clients, the businesses that are in our area how to be more greener and we can quickly, virally start sharing the business expertise that we have so much of between our clients and peers and leaders and inspire one another and get to it. Start getting that clock to turn backwards because we need to, it's dire. And so how did we do it? Well, we created a book called Greener Data. Just so happen to have a copy right here. Woo-hoo-hoo. Oh, shoot. I think, ooh. And it is amazing, 24 of our industry thought leaders each contributed a chapter of how they are being sustainable, a little bit more sustainable in their neck of the woods. We got a global author base and a global reader base. When we launched this on Earth Day, it became an Amazon best seller. That's incredible. That's incredible, but we can't stop there guys. This is not a one and done thing. This is a continual educational push here. And so we created greenerdata.net to really house all the current conversations, the education, the infographics, the white papers, the blogs, the articles, the educational pieces out there in our industry, success stories happening today to continuously push this positive news out the door so we can all again inspire one another, see who the movers and shakers collaborate and get there together faster. So yeah, when I think about what is the next six months for JSA and TAIL, it is more, more, more. We need more virtual networking roundtables talking about sustainability, which we will deliver upon. We need more in-person discussions at key industry events like platform Congress in Anteeds as well as Data Cloud in Austin. We will be there, we will be live broadcasting, JSA TV live, talking to the leaders who are pushing that needle and asking them, what else can we do? How can we do this together? How can we further our efforts? We're gonna have more podcasts, more blogs, more live streaming video, more education from these key thought leaders who offer creative solutions. We wanna hear from you guys.  Together, we can truly change the world for better and now. Yeah, together, I don't ever doubt you. So, if I get nothing from everything that we have accomplished together over these years, it is that you just don't doubt the captain. So, you're right. Together, changing the world for the better, we need that right now and it's a great way for us to end this very broadcast. So thank you everyone for tuning in and celebrating this milestone with us. We certainly would not be on this journey if it weren't for the trust and support of our network infrastructure community and that means you. So big thank you to each and every one of you and captain, again, congratulations. Thank you, congratulations to you as well, all of our JSA's clients, industry. We look forward to joining all at the end of the month as well for our regularly scheduled programming, fast forward, broadcast here at LinkedIn Live and in multiple social platforms, SimaCasting and on greenerdata.net, we should say. So see you guys there, if not sooner and thank you for sharing, for listening, for caring. These are your latest industry headlines and happenings. We are proud to offer them up and we're proud to be part of this amazing community. Everybody happy networking, stay safe and thank you all. See you soon.


Reject coups, the president's Mohammad Buhari tells world leaders, and insecurity rages as several persons are killed in two separate attacks in Kaduna state. This is Plus Politics and I am Mary Anacom. President Mohammad Buhari has told world leaders to reject coup d'etat, especially in West Africa. President Buhari decried the recent trend of unconstitutional takeover of power, saying it must not be tolerated by international community. He urged the international community not only to deal with the symptoms of conflict, but also to immediate, also the immediate causes that fuel the conflict in the first place. He said these and more in his speech at the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Buhari warned that democratic gains of the past decades in West Africa are now being eroded due to those negative trends. Joining us to discuss this is Political Analysts at Chike Turei, Richard Wakocha, he is an Associate Professor of Public Law at River State University and at Tagoba at Burje, who is also a legal practitioner. Thank you very much, gentlemen, for joining us. It's a pleasure. Thank you for having us. Yes. I'm going to start with you, Professor Wakocha. Let's start by considering the root causes of these coup d'etats. Now, let's not forget that in the past three months, if not in the past year, we've seen several attempted and successful coups. There was one in Mali. We've seen the one that just happened for Khande, and there have been several others. Let's look at the root causes because, yes, just as the President has said, we need to say no to these coups, but how do you avoid these coups from taking place if we do not address the core reasons or the causes? Somewhat difficult. Coups are potentially and essentially political activities, and they are more likely to happen where you have circumstances that can be pleaded as reasons why, quote, unquote, patriots are intervening. If you check a number of the countries in which this has happened, that is not to say that it's limited to such countries, you will find that what others think for granted in other parts of the world, their right to choose and change your government from time to time is one that is not really available in those places. In some of them, yes, you have the regular ritual of elections, but the same persons return themselves over and over again. And so if you have bad government, you have bad economy, and people cannot see any progress and it isn't to continue with the circumstances in which they find themselves, you create room for adventurers to see the advantage of that environment you have created to brand themselves patriots who are intervening in the interests of the people. Every suffering people will always rejoice with what appears to them, even if it is just on the surface to be a symbol of your hardship is taking away. There will always be some level of support for such activities. So I think bad governance and very poor democracy, because if people have the right to change their government, and they see their right being implemented by them, they will hold themselves responsible if they're not choosing the right people. But in the situations where we have where dictators change constitutions and give themselves opportunity to contest more and more times, as happened in a number of those countries, we can be sure you will have thousands of people in this place celebrating whenever these kind of activities happen. But it's not in our interests and somehow we must find a way to deal with it. Actually, there seems to be similarities in most of the coups that have happened lately. Again, I go back to the latest, which is the one that happened in Guinea. Now, you saw the number of people that flooded the streets right after the coup happened. It seemed like the people were on the side of the soldiers or rather the army, no matter how violent it seemed, even though it seemed like the people were very excited about it, maybe because their voices were not heard by the government, the civilian government, or maybe because they themselves were tired, but they keep talking about the fact that there was high-handedness in these governments. We tend to see that happen across the countries in Africa, but then we are the same people who have been asking for independence. We have gotten independence, but we become enslaved again by the leaders who swore to protect and serve us. Why is that? Well, I think you just talked about, mentioned that part of the reason, I think the professor has also talked about that. The reality is that there are certain expectations when it comes to the issue of governance, it comes to issues of democracy. Democracy is not exactly the magic one, but there are certain minimum expectations by people who have willingly gone out to express themselves through the electoral process by voting in leadership. They expect these political leaderships to carry out certain essential duties and responsibilities as enunciated by their own constitution, the welfare and the security of the people of the state, and in most cases they have not been able to achieve that. So the people begin to question even the basis of all of the elections and their participation within that process itself. And so when you now mix it up with some of the things that the Nigerian president talked about, the human rights abuses in a democratic dispensation and poverty that is supposed to be solved by the politicians, corruption and some other things, inequality and all of those divisions. And so all of these things provide a ground or basis for any group of military adventurers to come in and make claims about and also emphasize on the dire situation that they find themselves, the citizens find themselves in, which ultimately the citizens will definitely agree because that is what we have, the misgovernance that we've had across the continent of Africa, especially in West Africa. So the president has said not of some of these things, but even some of these issues that the president is talking about are also prevalent in his own country in Nigeria. We're talking about the human rights abuses, the inequality, poverty, and so on. Also things that characterize even the Nigerian state today as it is. So do not also forget that the reaction of people really is as a result of what they see as the failure of political leadership, like I have said, to provide a meaningful existence for themselves. We've saw it in Nigeria. There is no single coup that took place in this country that did not receive the approval of the citizens of Nigeria. Even though people will tell you that, you know, a military rule is an aberration to democracy. It's antithetical to democracy. But in the midst of the people with questions, the people would ask is what is alternative? The alternative is bad governance. The alternative are people who change at will at the constitutions of the express constitutions of their countries, giving themselves, you know, extending their time limit to remain in government and all that. So is this feeling of disillusionment really that has led to this intervention by the military? Of course, military intervention because they have no solution to the problems that they are trying to point out. Ultimately, they end up causing more confusion within their polity. But it is the misgovernance that the president talks about that is also leading to some of these issues. Back to you, Professor. The president has been asking that leaders reject coup d'etat and unconstitutional takeover of power by the army. But then let's look at the means that the people have to reach out to their leaders. Again, I take you back to Gini, which is something I've covered lately. In Gini, we saw a very bloody protest when the president decided to tamper with the constitution and elongate his tenor. Now, I'd also like to backtrack to remind you of who Alpha Konde was. He was one of the people who was in opposition to the government of the day. He spoke about a lot of things that he is or was doing when he was in power. And so I'm looking at it from the people's perspective. How do the people get justice? How do the people get a responsible government? If every means that they try, every means that should be available to them to get government to be accountable and get dividends of whatever it is, whatever they call a democracy in their domain is stifled or they cannot have access to it. Does this not, of course, open the doors to these soldiers, even though, again, there's a downside we all know to soldiers taking over power. But we tend to see that the people's hands are tied. So how do the people get their governments to be responsible or hear them when all those channels are being plumbed? So you see, I think that rejection should start with the citizens of the country's concerns that we're talking about. That rejection should, because governance is about the citizens. And so citizens should have the primary responsibility of looking after their country. Like somebody has said that the price we have to pay for democracy is eternal vigilance. So citizens must be eternally vigilant about their politics. They should make constant demands on their political leadership. So that is the first step. The second step, really, is maybe for the international community when the leadership, the political leadership has not lived up to the expectation. And then you have this in caution, this road in caution into the political life of the country by the military. Then the next stage is, first of all, the denunciation of that action by the citizens. But unfortunately, like you have said in this case, you have citizens welcoming something that is clearly an aberration. And then there is a road that the international community should play. And in fairness to the international community, unlike what we used to have in the past, when some of them were lucky to welcome people, the putists who have been involved in a coup. The response, usually, in especially seeing the spate of coups in West Africa in the past one year, the response by the international community has been very serious condemnation of the military, of the action by the militaries, by the military conscious. And of course, we have seen the diplomatic moves and maneuvers by international organizations, especially given support to the regional body, the ECOWAS, to do whatever it is that should be done, that can be done to ensure that the coups do not continue to remain in power. So they have done that. They have always done that. But beyond that, you see, there is one fundamental fact that our president is forgetting. Nigeria most lead by example. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. Nigeria has the biggest economy in Africa. And there is so much expectation on the shoulders of Nigeria. Unfortunately, Nigeria has not been able to live up to expectation. Why am I saying so? Nigeria has intervened meaningfully in a coup that has been undertaken by the militaries of some of these other countries, even within Africa. We have had an intervention in the Central African Republic, one of the countries in Central African Republic that saw to the immediate reversal of a coup that took place because of the most pressure that Nigeria brought to bear on that country. Then in West Africa, we remember what we did with regards to Sierra Leone, went for the Sanko, and some of these rebel groups took over the government of Sierra Leone. Nigeria went into Sierra Leone and reversed it with the aid of other West African countries. So the reason why some of this is happening within the West African sub-region in a neighboring country is simply because of the weakness of the Nigerian state. Otherwise, if you had a country in Nigeria that is strong and viral, as we had about 35, 30 years ago, the fact that Nigeria has become a democracy, even though it's not exactly working, but the fact that we're in a democracy will not embolden any of the military, none of these other surrounding West African countries, to have done what they have done. And that is the legitimate takeover of the government, of their governments. And so it is Nigeria's weakness in a way that has also encoded some of the support. And if you look at the resolutions that the Aqours ends up undertaking with some of these people, the military actors that were involved in this illegitimate overthrow of legitimate governments, you realize that it would appear that they are being rewarded, that is the coupists, are being rewarded for the acts of supporting the constitution of their countries. What do I mean by that? The transitional arrangement that is usually put in place between, I mean, by Aqours also involves members of the military, you know, of the coupists that took place, that took part in that coup. So it is a form of rewarding people who have embarked on an illegitimate action by making them involved in the process of seeking, you know, a transitional government. So that is what encourages most of these coupists. Ultimately, at the end of the day, they're going to say, well, the last, I mean, the list that will happen is that Aqours is going to get involved in the international community and we're going to be involved in being part of the government that is going to, you know, emerge as a result of the transitional program that will put in place. So these are part of the problems that we're having. Let's move away from that and talk about some of the things, other things that the President raised. He talked about the, he sought for debt cancellation outrightly for countries that were facing severe challenges, saying that Nigeria, most importantly, will not continue to seek aid. He also spoke of equitable COVID distribution. Let's start with the, the aid part of it and the debt cancellation. The last time we had our debt canceled, we still had Ngoziakonjewala as our Minister of Finance, Finance Minister and the Minister for the Economy. And several years down the line, here we are again asking for debt cancellations.  How well do you think that we as an Nigerian state, whether it be the Bahá'í administration or past administrations, how well have we done when it comes to the monies that we borrow and say we want to use for infrastructure development or whatever? How well have we done with those monies? And the areas in which we pump these monies into, are there plough-back profits? Could they be the reason why we're unable to pay back at yet? So are we going to blame everything on COVID-19? Well, you know, the reality is that the world is not going to save Africa. If Africa doesn't save itself, you know, that is a general agreement that Africa has to save itself. And one thing that is also clear is that, you know, hundreds of billions of dollars have been borrowed over the past 50 years in Africa. And we have not seen anything significant in terms of changing the political and economic landscape of Africa. So aid has not been very useful to Africa. Of course, there are so many issues. I mean, so many reasons are responsible for that. I'm sorry, I'm so sorry to speak over you, but when you say aid has not been very useful to us, are you saying we don't need it or we need it, but we're not managing it properly? Which one is it? Yeah, I think it's a bit of both. We don't, for a continent that is that is that is mightily blessed, do not forget that most of the major minerals in this world around which the economies of the globe revolve are found in Africa. And that's why you have this scramble, this competition between Europeans, the Americans and the Chinese for Africa's very rich resources. So, you know, and that means that if we get our rights, if we get our politics right, we will be able to harness these resources for the purpose of developing the African continent. And so we do not really, under normal circumstances, have any serious business or money when the essence of when we have everything that is needed to run the African continent, you know, properly, if only we have people who can manage the resources. And so when we now find ourselves, even in the situation where we now have to borrow money, what do we do with the money? So I think that also comes to what you have just said, the issue of the product management of these resources and the reality is that most of these monies are stolen and free time they were mismanaged completely outright. And so that's why we have not been able to see anything, you know, meaningful about that. We talked about the, you know, what Obasanjo did at the using these clouds and that of Konjo Waila with the international financial, you know, multilateral financial organizations to write off Nigeria's debt. We had a debt profile of around 30, 32 billion dollars then. And then we were asked to pay, you know, a whopping one tranche of 12 billion dollars, which we had, and then pay that and then we are forgiving 18 billion dollars. How many years down the line? You know, about maybe 15, 16 years down the line, Nigeria is pouring a whopping 36 billion dollars. And they already, there's a representation that has been made by this present government to the National Assembly for an additional 4.5 billion dollars. So that we shoot our debt profile to I think around 41 billion dollars. So what it means, you know, is that from 2015 to now, 2015, we had a debt profile of around 11, 12 billion dollars. We have borrowed to about 200 percent of that, you know, at this particular point in time and we're still borrowing money. So what have we been able to do with the monies that we have borrowed all these years? There's nothing to show for it. Nigeria remains the poverty capital of, you know, of the world. There's gross inequality, you know, and the economic dislocation for a lot of Nigerians and all that. So when the president is asking the international community, you know, for their forgiveness, he said, Joe, because they know what is going on in this country. They know the quantum of money that has been given, you know, to Nigeria and they have an idea how much these monies have frittered, have been frittered by the political elite. But this government is the government that I mean, I do not know if, you know, but the truth is this government had come in to plug those loopholes according to their campaign. They're here to fight corruption and make sure that monies that are located for different things go to those areas. So are you saying that this government has also, one way or the other, sold its hands in terms of monies that should be allotted to projects and implementations? This is not me saying it. This is Transparency International saying it. Nigeria's position in terms of transparency today is worse than it was in 2015. So what does that mean? That we have not been having prudent, you know, management of our resources. And so then the stories of a corruption that has gone on habitably in the country, you know, all this while. And so it's not me, it is the facts that are on ground and there is really nothing to show for it. The educational system has not been revamped. The present government told us we are going to do something about education. They told us we are going to do something about infrastructure, the infrastructure. They told us we are going to do something about so many other things in the country. And all of these things have not been done. So telling us that we are going to plug loopholes and so on. I mean, it's not in the same, but it's in the doing. And when it comes to delivering on the promises that they have made to the Nigerian people, we can't really say that they have done much in that direction. Corruption has continued, like I just made a reference to the latest, I mean, last transparency report of Transparency International about the level of corruption in the country. And so we have not really done so much. And so you find a president that is appealing to the international community, a president that has not been able to extend the tide of corruption, also telling the international community to forgive us, just as they have forgiven us before. And under him, much more money has been borrowed than in any administration, than any other administration or all other administrations put together in this country. So you don't want to give that kind of administration that forgiveness. They must have something on ground to fall back on, to know that even if we do this, that these monies are going to be properly managed, and so far from what they are seeing, there's nothing to show at that. Well, finally, let's talk about the COVID aspect of Mr. President's speech. He talked about, he thanks the international community and the initiatives, the financial institutions for significantly mitigating the situation of indebted countries. But then he spoke about the equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccinations, which is a very big issue. It's a front burner issue, as we speak right now. And let's not forget the fact that the United Kingdom has come up with a particular protocol where they have somewhat said that those who have been vaccinated in Africa, they do not necessarily consider that vaccination a standard of sorts. And then we have anti-vaxxers. Oh, Professor, you're back with us. Okay, so let me throw that question to you. Let's talk about the politicization of vaccination, especially in Africa. There is one school of thoughts where there are people who are saying, well, Africa has so much potential. Why aren't we all, we have so many researchers, some of them working within and without Africa, why are we unable to create our own vaccines that are also of the same standard with the ones that we are getting from the UK, from the US. And then there are also the people who are anti-vaxxers, on the other hand, who have come up with all kinds of conspiracy theories and reasons to why they would not take this COVID vaccination. Now with what the UK government has said, it calls to question the vaccinations that we're getting from them. Are they giving us low standard vaccinations if they're saying those vaccinations don't qualify us to come into their country without having to quarantine for at least seven to 10 days? I think they are trying to place safe. As you have said, there are a lot of conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 vaccine. And our own decision is one that has, I think, has attained international recognition. And so if a country is uneasy about travelers from our region coming into their countries after vaccination, it will possibly be a hesitation arising from the fact that they are not certain that we are doing the right thing. As for the quality of the vaccine that we are getting, remember that we are open to all manner of vaccines and we are receiving more than just, more than the vaccine from one particular country. And so I wouldn't think it's the function of what they are giving us being low. There are a number of them that are available, a number of them that are in use in this country. So if they have doubts about the one they are giving us, I don't think the same that can be extended to the one we are receiving from other countries, which people in their country are also receiving and are being counted as having been fully vaccinated. Well, again, a lot of African countries seem to be still at the mercy of these other European countries and the Americas as to who gets the vaccination. And there seems to be some politicking to it. What do you think is our challenge here in Africa? And why can't we produce our own vaccines? First on who gets what and why we don't seem to be getting enough. You are not an equal stakeholder here. So you're not bargaining at the same level. And definitely you get only after the nations that have the strength to bargain have done so and gotten what they want. So there is no question that we cannot contend at that level and get exactly the same treatment and the same quantity as stakeholders or those that are equal stakeholders with the producers are getting. Now on why we don't seem to be producing our own vaccines are scientific productions. Science requires commitment, a lot of funding and a lot of commitment. If you look at our attitude, our political environment do not seem to support such commitment and such seriousness. That's not to say we do not have the minds and we do not have the brains. But do they have the environment? Do they have the facilities with which to do what they need to do? When they leave these shows, they become inventors and they become great minds outside. But within, I'm afraid they do not have the environment and they do not have the support that they need, as well as the funding that is required to get those breakthrough productions like vaccines and the rest of them. So it's not here nor there. We have no strong commitment as a nation or as a region. We have no strong commitment to funding and supporting inventiveness and scientific discoveries. So we shouldn't expect to discover the world as we are doing or to come by those vaccines we are doing. We don't expect to get your ship in if you have not sent one out. We haven't made the investment that produces vaccines. It makes me really think that we might just be beggin for a long time until we get our axe right. But I want to say thank you to Professor Richard Walker-Chahis and Associate Professor of Public Law, River State University and Chike Chude, who is a Politics Analyst. Thank you very much, gentlemen, for being part of the conversation. Thank you. Thank you. All right. Well, thank you for staying with us. We'll take a short break now. And when we return, we discuss the insecurity in some parts of the country as several classes have been killed in a taxi to Duna State with the vaccine.