Everybody for Shawn and Jeff here up in 2023 bowman's best and sapphire four box makes your number two random teams Good luck draft sapphire by the way That is an eight Eight times here on the names one two three four five six seven and eight Sander down to Michael S. Michigan and the teams here one two three four five six seven and eight Guardians down to Braves Stop Luke All right, Sander with Guardians Tom C. Cardinals Nunzeo Angels Troy W. Padres Travis B. Metz Logan M. Mariners Robin W. Marlins Michael S. Alabama Cubs No, well a with the Rockies Troy W. Red Sox Josh B. Twins Gavin K. Astros Jeff s a with the a's Eric E. Tigers Tom C. White Sox Mike K. Royals Steven a d-backs raised Dodgers Jeff sp. Blue J's Ken W. Yankees Russell P. Orioles No, well a with the Nationals Thomas J. Brewer's Eric E. Phillies William F. Giants Tom C. Reds Brian M. Rangers Pirates Michael S. Michigan with Atlanta There is the link for the results 30 seconds Yes, super She didn't play her name 20 seconds Just a name 10 seconds five four three two and One Time is up. So Tovar would be the last one Tovar blame to be the last one with Tovar. All right, let's go ahead and get started Jay said Colt Keith. I don't think he's in the checklist Jayce That's the way to do it Devin until it gets pulled just stick with the same guess because as soon as you switch it up You jinx yourself, I think I would guess the same one every time until I see the car get pulled Unless I had different teams in different breaks, and I would probably guess differently Cuz I want to double up All right Carol on the Astral projections mini diamond to rookie to 399 Moreno or to 299 for the d-backs refractor Mervis rookie Cubs a Base auto for the Yankees Spencer Jones Fracturic E. Carol d-backs It's not a bad guess he was a prospect in this year's products They refractor rookie Richmond for the Orioles Dave Langford for the derangers refractor Jram Guardians a Base auto for the Mets Davison Gutierrez followed by refractor rookie Perez Miami she's Gavin shellacked of choreo Ricky Aqua lava Volpe Yankees out of 199. Well, if you win break credit, you don't gotta worry about the bank If you're a factor para the Yankees Masterpieces Corbett Carol d-backs Josh Young rookie Max Clark refractor Tigers gold Ethan solace. That's really nice Padres Yeah, that guy's pretty good dude congrats Padres Gold solace number 10 to 50 got an auto for the Reds Carlos Jorge and a rookie refractor of Rocky over the Guardians You Jeff likes dancing you guys Yeah, walking around is walking around drinking a lot of water real to real mini diamonds soda for the Padres Rector Muncie refractor Machado That we do I don't know about that guy. This guy's gold Sean talk to this guy for real to real Jackson short here refractor lindor I don't want to know I don't if you want to give me like oh Week in advance of not working. Yeah. Yeah, you know what? I'll try every day Refractor auto A's Henry Bolt Go A's refractor Luis arise for the Marlins, but even me having Saturday off them breaking Sunday night That won't even work. Yeah, no way man Bischetta was it mini diamond Crawford? For the Giants shell acts of Carol and refractor of Vado Yeah, I think so Oh That's our home fame What was the over-under and what did he finish with? Yeah, I'm gonna get a I'm actually gonna make a spread parley the NFL games.  I'll just check it on like Monday That's the best way to do it. Yeah, not sweat it not sweat it Those are the ones I do the best and it's just like set it and then don't even get it Refractor Ricky McClain Reds That's not good dude. Hey, didn't get it double double Refractor out of bunny up for the Blue Jays Fracture rookie green for the Tigers. Oh, I'll finish with three.  Yeah But yeah for the past years. Yeah, you'd only get it like We have Ricky Colas white socks, but it happened a lot earlier this year Orange nice hunter-brown rookie color match for the Astros 25 the refractor for Carol So you so you win your bet and the magic win You give it pays for your 50% off pizza easy Free pizza hack glad I didn't do that tonight though.  They don't score a lot Astral projections Walker for the Cardinals refractor Maya So what's the difference here look at the turnover differential good Lord? The old go percentage almost identical they hit three more threes. That's that's a decent difference But the turnover is dealer And our sound we have no starters. That's a bench. I mean did yeah autos of chivalry for the twins starter stink factor holiday just the Orioles We haven't like no starters right now many diamond real to real Mike trout for the angels You know refractor rookie Bradley for the raise Oh You had a fun tech yo you're part of Simone fontecchio when you're parlay I think you need to just look within on that one real to real Lázaro Montez refractor mookie bets Beef stew did oh geez when Isaiah Stewart goes over on it. What was was over on our points like eight Purple to 250 is rookie Corbin Carroll d-backs An auto of Cade Wallace for Kansas City refractor Ricky Moreno d-backs a Chalact of you and your Vargas and a rookie refractor of Masatake Yoshida Boston all right need to heat this mixer up first two bonus best boxes kind of Not the best I think we've had a number of auto have we no number of autos yet. Yeah, turn this mixer around Tigers will win 87 games That doesn't sound so crazy. That's over. That's the overall what they're over under will be I would say but that's not that crazy to me Stop inspire I Never came around for the Cubs Yeah, double digits. It sounds like law for beef stew. You we got a Natalie Rutschman a rookie masterpieces autograph That's going to Baltimore number to 99 That's sweet that was Russell with the O's in the random Congrats Russ Dust that one off Above his name refractor as rookie is outmitted for the Dodgers Ryan D in a place to be Purple rookie Riley Greene for Detroit to 250 Dude Sam will do thumbs up and hold it for like three hours It seems like wave of Rizzo for the Yankees refractor Ricky Burwese a's Yeah Show me this way, okay, you got normal thumbs Blue jays auto Gabriel Martinez for the blue jays Dr. Gonzalez weird Yeah, he just chooses to do that Ricky minidime and masterpieces Corbin Carroll for the D-backs Go D-backs shell act Ricky Jordan Walker Cardinals and refractor Roger Garry's Lack Refractor Davidson de los Santos. I think so too. I Got some walk around holding a little bit, but I'm also looking to buy right exactly They can choose some auto for the Padres Daniel Montecino Padres factor bishettes. They'll get a numbered auto. How's going on here? Montez refractor Tatis Real to real you entry Vargas Dodgers Aqualaba Javi Baez Javi Baez for the Tigers out of 199 Fractura rookie Beatty for the Mets Yeah, Tommy Paez. Oh, that's nice. Look at that. That is a lava auto to 50 shell act Brandon my or Brando my yeah I should say That's sick. There we go Yankees Fractura cunea for the Braves Ryan they just thumbs up their their favorite Tigers and like lion all their favorite Detroit players So Sean will thumbs down then regardless because it's Spencer and Jace She'll act or factor my ever factor Ricky Cosas and they don't like bias. So I thumbs up bias every time. I was my favorite player Sean will do the opposite of whatever Jace and Spencer do Spencer and Jace thumbs up Dan Marino then they'll agree for once I'll never have you can't troll me. I'll never happen. They'll thumbs down Dan Marino. Yeah Yep, exactly Riley Greene Riley Greene and Jared Goff are probably the main culprits here. Say with Max Clark. They're probably the main culprits Detroit He just he just Tommy Troy for the D-bags I have no idea Connor Burns and Ethan O'Donnells are in Jace like them. So I Can't say Through Hackenburg orange sapphire Canada, Elgato go to the Yankees number to 25 Max Clark sapphire bass Carlson Reed pretty good box so far at a Troy And Clark Homer Bush jr. Steve your eyes a great and Taylor for Tampa and an Ethan solace Kelly thumbs up. Oh boy Here we go. See what I got to deal with Spencer Nivens Jose de Kala Kemp Aldermen and Ludwig Espinosa. This is how it all started this shot fires me Yeah, but they also like Hodgkinson St. Brown Miguel Cabrera Kevin Marata Yellow first moment for the Brewers color match there Jason Woodward out of 75 Got led better in Marcella Meyer Boyd Weninger, but taunty Brian Acunia Brought in Super Bowl. Here's our auto first bowman angels Alberto Rios Nuns yo what the angels congrats on that sir Yeah, let me know when you break it and then I'll just I'll just give you a red sox. I'd rather buy the red socks Jane ham Gold subbios first bowman for the Braves out of 50 Saban subbios Kate Morris is not cool. We're not Shawn just being contrarian hearty. Oh Yeah, because there's there's some knuckleheads in YouTube chat. Yeah, they just go back and forth all the time for fun There's not actually he he likes your god. Yeah, I do But he does like Jared golf, but I don't like I like him a little but I don't like him. Yep exactly Feels like we break it for like eight hours.  All right, number of Riley green Krober and Carol hobby bias Gabriel Moreno Volpe Woodward solace gold is a nice one gold Sabayos orange Hunter Brown orange canard delgado autos of Montecino Martinez Caden Wallace Andriy Chavilly Nick more to beat oh Bonilla Henry Bolts Carlos Jorge Davison Gutierrez Spencer Jones about the Rios had a Maya shall act lava on it. If that's super cool And a masterpieces Adley Rochman working on a 1099 for Baltimore Nice makes her we picked it up at the end there. Thanks again, everybody. We have woman's best case coming up


I'm in the Boinks booth with Bastion Wolf and I never know what's going to happen when I talk to Bastion, I'm a little afraid. Neither do I, to be honest. He said he was going to talk about the taco you had for lunch, but I'd really like to hear more about Boinks TV. Okay, yeah, well, it's your choice. We could go that way. Yeah, that's good. Yeah, we're coming up with Boinks TV 2, which is one version further than Boinks TV 1, of course. And it's going to change a lot. You don't like my glasses?  Let me put mine back on. Okay, so yeah. Do you assume people have never heard of Boinks TV? Okay, Boinks TV is a video production, live video production software. It does camera switching, it does chroma keying, tiling, lower thirds, whatever you want to do when it comes to live video production, it probably does it. And so think about doing, I don't know, a conference, doing a webcast, doing a news show, or doing, you might have heard of this thing called podcasts. You're doing a video podcast, for example. You would want to use something like Boinks TV, or you would want to use Boinks TV, that's what that way. That's something like Boinks TV. Yeah, I mean, it's like the best of the best. And you can create all the graphics, all the titles, all the camera switches while you're recording this.  That takes the time you would need for post-producing it. Nobody likes post-production. I mean, many people get paid for it. But they still don't like it. Yeah, that's probably the case. Yeah, that's true. All right, so this is audio and video. So we're looking at our friend Akim, for some reason wearing a green shirt in front of a green screen. What else we see in here? So right now he's chroma keyed, so as good as it's possible. And for the audience, chroma key means? We're moving the background, in that case, a green background from the image and replacing it with something completely different. So as you can see, for example, we have this spinning globe that is behind him, and we can turn it off and on. We have a greenish background that we can switch on and off. You could also put in an image there, a photo or a fake 3D studio. You could put it behind it. I love that look when people do that. I think it's cool. Yeah, totally. We do chroma key, but you can just straight connect cameras and switch between different cameras. So we have different cameras set up here. Where was that camera from? Yeah, it's the hidden camera. This one really freaking me out. Oh, okay, there it is. So what we're showing here is we're mixing and matching. That's the word camera. So we have the big black magic camera over there, but then we're mixing them with the Logitech C930 and C920 cameras, which are USB cameras. So the black magic camera comes in over SDI using a black magic mini recorder. And those cameras are connected directly to the Mac without any further hardware. The other thing we can also do is we can connect an iPad just via USB to the computer and get the iPad screen. So you could, of course, play games, who doesn't love playing games, but you could also run your powerpoint of that and do your... Your keynote. I'm sorry, yeah. Or a demo that you're doing. Yeah, for example. You can do your presentation or your webcast right from there. And since we're talking about webcast, PointCV2 is going to have built-in streaming. So you, for example, choose, I want to stream to YouTube and then you do your live stream right to YouTube. So we'll work with Google Plus Hangout then? No, it's going to be a direct stream. So you just put in your YouTube credentials and YouTube also does streaming without Hangouts. Oh, they do. Oh, I didn't know that. I've written in their user interface, but luckily they have an API so we can take care of that to set it up. And if you don't like YouTube, you can use Ustream or any other streaming provider that does the standard streaming stuff that they all do. Yeah, I had to leave, well, Justin threw us out when they went all gaming and Ustream got a little... The ads were getting pretty annoying and so I went over to Google Plus for my live show right now, but I don't do it. And that records me to YouTube, but it doesn't make a live YouTube. Well, yeah, you can do that over Hangout and Ear. Right, that's what I'm doing. I mean, the setup for me is kind of weird. And like this, you will only have to log into YouTube and it does the magic behind the scenes. And you have a live stream and you can still record at the same time to your disk. So if you want to edit something out later on, because sometimes stuff happens, you know? I never make any mistakes when I record. Yeah, well, but we're not all as perfect as you are. Exactly, exactly.  What is all that? So down there we have the layers that ship with points TV. So points TV is layer based, as in Photoshop, for example. So if you put something on top of the other thing, it's going to be in front of it and the other way around. I can show you, for example, with a spinning globe behind Achim. So if I take the globe and place it on top of the video that displays Achim, make it a little bit easier to see, now it's in front of him. If I drag it right below him, it's behind him.  Yeah, it's doing that real time in 1080p and I think 60 frames a second. So that's pretty cool. So the things at the very bottom are the layers that come with points TV. So it does a lot like really cheesy stuff. But you've got templates, I can see. You've got date and time and channel logo, station logo, Google Maps. So there's a lot you might need for your show. Maybe you need a New Zealand station logo there.  Is this something someone else controls while you're there on air talent, right? It depends. If you're crazy like I am a little bit, then you control it while you're on the air. For example, using an iPad. Achim, if you show the app again, the control app, you could use a third-party app and then, for example, shoot lower thirds just by tapping a button. And that does it from the iPad. So you could, in theory, do that while in front of the camera. I would suggest though, because that's the way you don't get crazy. You have someone doing that while you're on air talent. I'm actually looking to offload some work to Steve. Right now, I end up doing it all myself while I'm trying to record the show on him. Actually, I'm creating a show while I'm doing all the work. So this is pretty impressive. Yeah, I like it. I use it for my own podcast. For me, it works like a charm. It looks really cool. So, Boeing's TV2 is coming out when? When it's done. There's going to be a public beta right after NAB. I can break everything. That's pretty good. We need people like that to make sure it doesn't break in the future. So I hope you will not break it in the future. And we're talking about mid-mid this year when we're going to release Boeing's TV2 unless something, so you break it too bad. Or in case it's just perfect when I test it. Yeah, that's probably the case. So what's the price point of Boeing's TV? We haven't decided yet on a specific price point, but it's going to be in the realms of Boeing's TV1. Boeing's TV1 was $499 for the full version and that's probably going to be the same with Boeing's TV2. We're planning on doing a subscription model as well. So if you say, I just needed, I don't know, three months a year. You just rent it for three months and that's pretty much it. That's an interesting way to go too. Yeah. All right, well, very good luck to you and how do people find Boeing's TV2? They just go to boynx.com and they will find every bit of information they will need to know about it. All right, and how about your podcast? Plug your podcast. Well, it's German, so if you're speaking German. I know another German guy. We know Klaus. Remember, we talked about him. Yeah, right. You're right. So if Klaus is watching, he can go to digitalupgrade.de and this is where we do the stuff no one does with Boeing's TV because it tends to break stuff. So it's a little bit, it's a different, we do actual real 3D studios with our German podcast and it's a lot of fun. All right, sounds like fun. Talk to you later, Bastion. Thank you. Bye-bye.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we discussed the following question that says, solve log x to the base 2 plus log x to the base 4 plus log x to the base 16 equal to 21 upon 4. Before we move on to the solution, let's discuss some results to be used in the solution. First, we have a law of logarithm according to which we have log x1 to the power n to the base a is equal to n into log x1 to the base a. Where this x1 is some positive number, a is also a positive number such that it is not equal to 1 and this n belongs to r that is the set of real numbers. Then we have the change of base formula according to which log n to the base a is equal to log n to the base b into log b to the base a. This is the key idea that we use for this question. Let's proceed to the solution now. We have given the equation log x to the base 2 plus log x to the base 4 plus log x to the base 16 is equal to 21 upon 4 and we are supposed to solve this equation. With this equation, we equation 1. Now, next we have we know the change of base formula which is log n to the base a is equal to log n to the base b into log b to the base a in this looking log a to the base a is equal to log a to the base b into log b to the base a. Now, this means that 1 is equal to log a to the base b into log b to the base a since we know the log of a to the base a is equal to 1. So, this means we have log a to the base b is equal to 1 upon log b to the base a. Let this be the result. Now, next using this result to in equation 1 we get log x to the base 2 could be now written as 1 upon log 2 to the base x plus log x to the base 4 can be now written as 1 upon log 4 to the base x plus log x to the base 16 can be written as 1 upon log 16 to the base x and this is equal to 21 upon 4. So, further we have 1 upon log 2 to the base x plus 1 upon log 2 square that is we can write 4 as 2 square to the base x plus 1 upon log 2 raise to the power 4 that is we have written 16 as 2 raise to the power 4 and this to the base x is equal to 21 upon 4. Now, for these two denominators this law of logarithm stated in the key idea which is log x1 to the power n to the base a is equal to n into log x1 to the base a. So, using this law we can rewrite the denominators of these two terms 1 upon log 2 to the base x plus 1 upon 2 into log 2 to the base x plus 1 upon 2 to the base x this is equal to 21 upon 4. Now, taking 1 upon to the base x where we have 1 upon log 2 to the base x into 1 plus 1 upon 2 plus 1 upon 4 equal to 21 upon 4. This gives us 1 upon log 2 to the base x and we take the lcm here which is 4 so here we have 4 plus 2 plus 1 and this one is equal to 21 upon 1 upon log 2 to the base n upon 4 is equal to take this means we have 1 upon log 2 to the base x equal to 21 upon 4 into 1 upon 7. This 4 4 cancels and 7 3 times is 21 that is 1 upon log 2 to the base x is equal to 3 for result 2 we have log a to the base b is equal to 1 upon log b to the base a. So, using this result in the LHS we have log x to the base 2 is equal to that log of x to the base a equal to n means that x is equal to a to the path n. Therefore, using this in this we get f is equal to 2 raise to the path that we have solved the equation to get the value of fx equal to 8 is our final answer. This completes the session so we have understood the solution of this question.


What's up everyone? My name is Alex. I'm one of the co-founders of myinvestingclub.com. If you are brand new to trading or are curious about trading at all, I want to let you guys know about a free two-hour mentorship course that I put together with my mentor, Bao. It is available at myinvestingclub.co. The link is going to be right here. This is a free webinar with limited seating every week, so please click on the link and reserve your spot before the time runs out. Also, a special bonus for all of our viewers on YouTube. So if you guys have any questions about MIC or you're curious about joining or you don't know if MIC is the right fit for you, you can now text Tosh, who is one of our head mentors and head moderators at MIC, and he'll answer any questions you have about MIC. His phone number will be in the link in the description. It'll also be right here. Thank you guys for watching and enjoy the video. If today's your first webinar, welcome. Here's gonna be the lay of the land here. I'm gonna go over the key traders of the week. Primarily I only go over the ones I trade, but if you guys want me to go over ones that I haven't go over, just post it in there. Say, hey, can we take a look at that one too? And I'll get to it. We're gonna go over the market sentiment as I feel that's super important week to week to just know where we're at. It's funny, James Friedlinder and Tosh were talking this morning about how, dude, this market, like the last few days have been tough in the market because of the strength. And like if you've been following the webinars, like for the last week, week and a half or the last week or two, I'm like, you know that that strong market's coming, right? Like if you keep track of the sentiment, then it kind of helps prepare you for what should be coming. Again, this is the fine balance between anticipating and I always tend to do that. Like when I feel like the buyer's market's coming, I tend to anticipate a couple of longs that I should define line, just knowing when they're coming help. It's an advantage. Anyway, there's a trader topic I'm gonna talk about about hiking. Then we're gonna get into the strategy of the simplest short. And then we're gonna end with Q&A. But you know, kind of like what I like to do is if you have a question that pertains to what we're talking about, then I'll try to answer it as we go. Just go ahead and type it. So yeah, let's get going. So yeah, so GNPX was kind of like the hot chick of the day. This is the mover that kind of started the comeback for the, you know, we had a low laptop coronavirus hype kind of faded a little bit. And GNPX kind of brought everything back. So it was definitely the hot chick of the day. And I like, I saw that it was a hot chick of the day.  And the second that we got that strength on the opening candle, I knew it was. So my goal for this was kind of like BBI. I was just, I was literally just gonna ignore it. I saw GNPX, I'm like, I'm not trading this bullshit, right? I kind of just went over that, but it's not recorded because I almost miss hitting record.  But anyway, I thought I was just gonna ignore it.   Like, I didn't even wait to profit on that. I took that off for a breakeven scalp. Then I saw a nice opportunity, you know, I didn't have any conviction on this all day, right? So that's, that's what that's why I was just quick scouts on it. Anyway, like, here, when I was watching this stock, like, if you want to replay this, like in thinkorswim or something, like this was not giving any relief to the shorts at all. And right around here, this was a very fast, hard move. And right here, like this is so vertical, so abrupt, I was like, okay, that's everybody just that's an exhaustion. That's an exhaustion pushup. That's great cover, because I as a longer, I know, like, that's not really like long, truly by like, no longer going to chase that up. That was literally just an exhaustion cover from the people who built in a short position all the way here.  So I was like, I think that's an emotional exhaustion scout opportunity. So I took it, right? I did the same thing here at five. I thought like this bit, you know, when moves happen so abruptly on a whole number, normally, whole numbers offer some kind of resistance. And when it just like blurts right through it like that, I immediately think covers. So I'd like, you know, I just took, you know, I waited for it to by the way, this order was not here already. I actually had a five short over here and miss narrowly. That was going to be a scout. I missed it by inches. And so like, when it came back, I had canceled the order, but then when it blew through five and kind of rejected a little bit, like that's covers. That's a that's a nice quick scalp opportunity, but it didn't even go as low as I wanted. So like, it kind of stalled here at 480 for a minute, I gave it one minute, like, I was like, I don't like this thought I covered it. Good thing I did. So I got a couple scalp. This a little quick first bounce trade I tried. I was probably impatient, but I just covered it. I didn't like that it didn't I was quick and this kind of moved right away because it was just not giving any. This was the first relief the stock had had since like three. I'm like, you know what, like, if it just doesn't like ramp up on this bounce, like maybe we're due for a pullback. So I kind of got a little nervous, but then it pulled back. Anyway, I'm just looking at scouts.  And so that's how I traded GMTX very carefully, just quick scalp. So it's 3% of an account risk to aggressive. Well, I don't know, for big money, I think that's kind of aggressive. But I don't know, if you have a smaller account, I mean, it's necessary, like, I think, I mean, I think the standard is like 1% for trade. But I mean, that's if you have a big enough account to make 1% trades worth it. You recommend paper trading or diving in the super small size.  Like so if you study for a while, and you want to start trading paper trading, if you if you kind of like know the basic basics, dive in the tiny size and make it real trade five shares, five shares, unless you're like trading a broker, which $10 a trade, then don't do that. But the per share basis, and there's like a minimum of $1 a trade or something. Okay, so locate 100 still trade five shares. It's, you know, like, whatever, just make it real, like trade 10 shares net, like 20, whatever like you feel won't affect you at all, but it's as close to real money trading as you think you're going to get. I generally kind of catch the support areas and the dips for trades, but then I don't then I because you're afraid, am I being risky with this thesis?   How drastic is it? How fast is it? What's the flow? Like, is it just after a VWAP crash? Like, you know what I'm saying? Like that kind of stuff matters. So yeah, like, I'm not the kind of trader that trader that just uses technicals, like just like I want to know like what's causing the move. I try to build a story around my thesis. You know, if you're a technical trader, I don't think you're being risky as long as you have risk management checks, like in place. I normally use my lines. Like, if I draw a line, it's from the daily chart first, and then it's from, it's from the daily chart then it's the free market. And then once intraday lines are established, I use those. So those are the order. So yeah, I would have this from 95 cents. I'd have that. I would have this line. I wouldn't have this line until this move happened. What's TOCA? Let's see, on the daily chart, I would definitely have 110. I'd definitely have 110. I would have 70, 80, and 80. I'd have 110, 80, and 70. And I wouldn't have this one until this happened. I wouldn't have 95 until it happened, you know, free market. So that's, that's how I draw the lines. All right, later, everybody. Good questions, guys. I'll see you guys in the morning. By watching some of our most recent videos right over here.


Hello, I'm Dr. Lewis Myers. Welcome again to Health Care Today. We're going to return to a topic we touched on several months ago, and that's primary care, because it remains one of the most essential parts of our healthcare system. And it's been struggling in recent years as primary care providers leave the field and patients are to seek desperately to find new primary care providers. We have a very experienced primary care provider and physician here today, Dr. Deb Richter, and I'm going to introduce her and look forward to talking to her about where we are in primary care today in Vermont. Dr. Richter went to graduate from college in Buffalo, New York. She also got a master's degree at the University of New York at Buffalo, stayed there for medical school, and then did her residency in family medicine at the University of Rochester. She's also board certified in addiction medicine. She has been working at the Cambridge Health Center in Cambridge, Vermont, as part of their primary care team for many years, and has been also very involved with working with talking to the Green Mountain Care Board and other involved bodies and organizations in Vermont about what's going on in primary care today. So, Dr. Richter, with that introduction, welcome. Thank you. Nice to be here. Well, I thought we'd go back a ways, and maybe you could tell us a little bit about how and when you chose primary care and why. Well, going back to medical school, I found it to be the most interesting thing. I always enjoyed working with families and working with people, and to me, it just was a natural fit. I enjoyed having the ongoing relationships from babyhood to adulthood to old age, and that continuity was important because primary care to me was mostly about relationships, and that was the best way to establish them was in the primary care field. I also found it really interesting because it was so diverse in what you could do and taking care of people of all ages. Almost every specialty was something that you really had to learn. A lot of skills, surgical skills, OBGYN, there was a lot of interest in that, and I just felt like I would be bored if I were a specialist, so I found that. That's especially the case in family medicine as opposed to, for example, internal medicine, which is primarily with adults. What was it like when you first started practicing primary care, working in the primary care field, and about when was that? Well, it was back in the 80s, and I was in the inner city of Buffalo, New York, which I must say was one of the most, I would say, inspiring jobs I could ever have imagined, and I did that for 10 years, and then moved to Vermont, and then it was a rural practice for a number of years, and continued on that till recently actually just retired from primary care, and I'm continuing addiction medicine. So I found it initially, I was very inspiring, but I also began to see the cracks in the healthcare system very early on, even in medical school training, finding people with no health insurance, and then were dying of preventable illnesses. It was astonishing to me. I really didn't realize it before I went to medical school on how fractured our healthcare system was. But then we saw the rise of HMOs, and so then that started happening, and sort of, I think, was probably the beginning of the demise of our healthcare system. Well, tell us a little bit about that. That was, I think, in the 1990s. What was it like working with the HMOs? Those are health maintenance organizations. Well, it was particularly hard, and I'm sorry, go ahead. Those are health maintenance organizations, which generally have a capitator set fee for which people work. Right, and I think initially the initial idea behind it was a full-service health maintenance organization where specialists in primary care would all be under the same roof. It sounded like a good idea. It morphed into, though, a for-profit enterprise on the part of insurance companies, and what ended up happening was primary care ended up getting the short end of the stick, and we had to spend less and less time with patients just in order to make ends meet. And what we saw then was the beginning of people just getting prescriptions and just to get a patient in and out of the door. Eight-minute visits. It was, and where I was practicing in the inner city were people with very, very complicated lives, dysfunctional families, a lot of drug problems, and other urban problems. That simply was just not enough time, and it began to be very, I would say, disheartening, and it was one of the reasons I left Buffalo because Buffalo was beginning to see more of a rise in that than other places in the country, and I didn't find it as much so early on in Vermont. Do you think your patients noticed the difference as during this time period when the HMOs were sort of coming into reign supreme? Absolutely. I think what they began to feel like was, well, who are you working for? I mean, what is the motive here? And began to feel short changed. Doctors began to feel like they could not give really good care under those circumstances. And again, eventually what ended up happening was, as you know, is that HMOs sort of dissolved as a solution in a quotations to the health care problem. You say they dissolved? In other words, HMOs basically just, again, eventually went away. That was when we started seeing more and more of drive-by deliveries, for example, where a woman had to go in and be out of the hospital the next day. We had same day, even mastectomies. We had just horrendous problems as far as that went in. And eventually the public rebelled and health maintenance organizations, for the most part, dissolved as sort of a solution to the crisis. They have risen their ugly heads again, however, in the accountable care organization. That's another issue. And we will talk about that in a little bit. So both the public and I think the medical profession had pushed back in the late 1990s again. For one thing, as I'm sure you know, primary care practices simply couldn't survive on the payments they were getting from the HMOs. So what happened in the 2000s, historically, for people who, the first 10 years of the new century, what happened in health care? Well, I think a lot of it had to do with, we began to see a rise in for-profit everything, for-profit insurance, for-profit hospitals. And it became more of a profit-driven mentality. And that is what I observed. And what ended up happening is the payers didn't want to pay the bill and the providers were trying to get as much money as they could, sometimes in a for-profit enterprise, sometimes just to make ends meet.  In fact, this has been going on since 1970. I think we've seen a 4,000% increase in the number of health care administrators. And in the same time period, only 150% increase in the number of doctors and nurses. It's absolutely insane. And what it ended up being was making it very confusing for patients, just even if they were hospitalized to figure out the bills they were getting. So I think we started to see the rise in profit. And again, there's a lot of money to be had. I think I read recently, but in 2022, we're spending $4.5 trillion on health care. And that is about 13,500 per person in the United States. So there's a lot of money out there. And especially if you can skim the healthy out of the population and as an insurance company, ensure try to find a way to market to the healthy and drop the sick. So we call it cherry picking and lemon dropping. So a lot of this happened. And if you were trying to provide care and patients have their insurance changes every year, they have sometimes a copay, a deductible, all those things create more chaos and more administrative hassle. And I think that's again, why I started seeing that in addition to some other issues, why I started seeing a burnout in the primary care field. So you just, that was a remarkable statistic. I think it bears repeating. I wasn't aware of the numbers. You say that the number of administrators in health care increased by 4,000% and the number of providers increased by 150%. What do these administrators do? What do these administrators do, all of these thousands of people? You have to remember, first of all, some of them are needed. In fact, most of them are needed under a non-system, which is really what we have in health care. We don't have a system. Every other country does. They pay for all of their people to get comprehensive coverage, all of every other industrialized country. And they have a simplified system of paying the people who deliver the care and collecting the money to pay for and it's mostly through taxes. And so when you have a system where no one is really accountable for paying the bills for the people that are there, except for again, if you're eligible for Medicare, eligible for Medicaid. And in terms of Medicaid, that comes and goes. Or if you have an employer that pays. But again, when someone changes in whatever group they're in, the administrative burden follows them because they don't have the same insurance every year. I was seeing patients who, even with Medicare, where Medicare Part D, I'm sorry, Medicare Advantage, where it was a different prescription plan. It was a different formulary where different drugs were covered. All of those things created an administrative burden at the provider level, but then also at the insurance level. And it's no wonder, we're spending 34 cents of every healthcare dollar on administration. But it's needed when you have no system. It's not like those people are not doing anything. How much do you think we were spending 40 years ago on administrative? If it's 34 cents per dollar now, what do you think it was 30 or 40 years ago? I'm really not, I wouldn't want to say, but it was far less. We know that much. I really don't know if we have data from back then. But we do know, again, what we're spending now. And we also know that at least half of that administration is not necessary under a universal publicly funded healthcare system. It's not needed. Where you guarantee coverage for needed services, needed benefits, and you have a simplified way of paying for them. I mean, we know this that we could cut that administrative burden in half. That creates, I believe, it's somewhere in the $400 billion range of money that could potentially be spent on people's needs. People who are uninsured or underinsured. If you collect the same amount of money, you would have another $400 billion to be able to spend. That's an enormous amount of money. And we certainly need to direct way more of it to primary care. That is the other issue here, is that we are underfunding primary care in this country.  One of the other trends that happened in the 2000s has been the consolidation in healthcare, where bigger hospital systems swallowed, smaller hospital systems, medical practices, physicians got bigger and bigger and bigger. We've seen that here in Vermont, we've seen it around the country. How did that affect you in the work you were doing? Well, in terms of how it's affected me in Vermont, we do know that when you consolidate at the provider end, so a bunch of hospitals consolidate, that costs go up. We were promised that they would go down because they could again save on supplies and things like that, because they were ordering at larger rates. It's just not true. And the reason is, is that when you have the consolidation at the provider level and at the insurance level, but certainly at the provider level, they have more blout. And so if you only have one hospital in the town, for example, they really can demand the prices that they want. And so we've seen that. I think again, what I see is happening is that we're spending money in Vermont and nationally at the wrong end of healthcare and we're spending way more money than we would need to if we had adequate primary care in the hospital sector. We're spending way more. And in fact, in Vermont, Kaiser Family Foundation has a state database where they compare, we're spending $1,000 per person more on hospital care than the national average. So clearly, we're investing in the wrong end of things. And yet people can't find a primary care doctor at this point. Can you give us an example, talk a little bit about, if you can, about your practice, you were in a small rural practice, Cambridge, Vermont. How it changed over the years and how all of these things that you've just been describing, how it affected your practice? Right. Well, first of all, we had paper charts, which I must be honest, I adore. Mostly because the electronic records that I hadn't experienced with in primary care are very difficult. I realize that that is not true everywhere, but what it was true enough for the places that I had practiced, again, when I was doing addiction medicine, et cetera. We had paper charts. We were counting paper clips. I mean, we were, again, financially, it's very difficult for individual, independent primary care practices. In fact, there's almost none left in Vermont. When I first moved here in 2000, 1999, that was the majority of primary care practices were independent. And then, again, the reimbursement rate went to a higher rate to hospital-owned practices and even federally-qualified health centers and less so for independent practices. So it's almost impossible to be able to do that unless you'd have a class of years practice where you basically just take care of people who can pay out-of-pocket on a monthly basis. Those are the only independent practices that I know of in primary care that I survive. So you say you were counting paper clips with, I mean, how did it affect the healthcare you were able to give, these lower reimbursements? Right, well, part of it had to do with, these were very old-fashioned, wonderful, high-quality physicians who owned the practice. And we still spent an hour for a physical, a half hour for a revisit, so if you had, like, diabetes, hypertension, that sort of thing. And 15 minutes, if it was just a simple urinary tract infection or ear infection or something like that. So most practices could not survive on that. We managed to because, again, we were counting paper clips and it was harder to survive. But to me, being able to provide that kind of quality care was important, which is why I traveled an hour each way to go to work because I appreciated the values of the physicians who owned the practice. How about your patients? Did you have some long-term, steady kind of people coming into the practice? Absolutely, absolutely. That's the thing about primary care is that having that, it's about a relationship and that is something that you can't mandate, you can't legislate. It is something that happens. It's something that helps deliver quality care. I can talk patients into doing the right thing when it comes to, no, you don't need an antibiotic for your cold. If they trust you and out of relationships, people have to trust you in order to trust the advice you're giving them, giving them time to discuss things. Patients aren't always easy in terms of them communicating what they wanna tell you or sometimes it takes a while. This idea of an eight-minute visit, you can't ever get a good history that way. So all of that is, again, part of primary care and good primary care. And part of what I think would constitute good primary care is continuity, time and extra time with patients, and consistency. I mean, we had baby records on 45-year-olds in this practice. I could tell someone what they weighed when they were a baby, when they were born. I don't know of any other practices that can really boast of that. That's how long it's been. You mentioned the administrative burden. In your practice, did you have to hire more administrative people as the years went on to manage this? Yes, more and more administrators to, in other words, just to collect the bills, which meant that the amount that we were collecting in terms of just paying our own fixed costs went way down. And that was over the years. When this practice opened, this was, I believe it was 47 years ago, and they were seeing many more patients per day. I think they said, each of them were seeing sometimes 30 or 40 patients a day. They were doing all full service.  I mean, all of those things were being done, but again, there's not enough time in practice right now with the way it's being reimbursed. So you mentioned a moment ago the ACO, and we have talked about that on this program. We've had Dr. Levine on. We've had Bill Schubert on. Mike Johnson, who you might know, primary care up in Williston. So we've touched on it in various ways. I know you've been very involved with this issue since the ACO began, what is it, six, seven years ago thereabouts. Tell us a little bit about what the ACO is and what your experience with it has been. Right, well, the ACO basically is kind of a really a similar version of an HMO, Health Maintenance Organization, where supposedly this is supposed to deliver the right care for the right patient for the right time, which is sort of what their mantra is. And basically where they get a fixed rate for each patient, and then they are supposed to deliver the care. However, there's an enormous amount of exceptions. They have not shown that they reduce costs, even in their own costs, but also system costs, compared to the rest of the healthcare system. So again, they are supposedly going to take on risk for those patients, and it has not been shown to deliver what they had promised. And one of their goals was to increase access to primary care, which has done pretty much the opposite. So again, this has been a huge failure, and I believe I think it'll probably be extinct in another year or so. How did it affect your practice in Cambridge, the ACO? We were not part of the ACO in Cambridge. I don't know, the practice has now been bought out by an FQHC in LaMoyle County, so I don't know, I'm not privy to what they're going to do with that. So I don't know if they will be involved with the ACO. More than likely, yes, but I don't know. And again, I think the ACO is probably not going to be sticking around very long, just because they haven't been able to demonstrate the cost savings that they promised. Patients are paying even more for health insurance than they were before, and the rates are going up. They were unaffordable before that, so you can imagine what they are now. Well, I think we've seen the huge rate increases through both the private insurance, and of course, nationally with Medicare as well, the high cost of deductibles and co-pays, which affect nearly every Vermonter at this point. Now, if you had a magic wand. And that's an important thing though, too, Lewis, is that right now, the deductible is what is killing, another thing, killing primary care. I had patients that had $12,000 deductibles, which meant they had to spend $12,000 out of their own pockets before they got a dollars worth of coverage in addition to having to pay the premium. So what happens is people then become afraid to use the insurance at all. So they don't end up coming in for preventive visits. They don't end up doing the visits that they're supposed to do, for example, with diabetes or hypertension, where coming in every three to six months, sometimes they don't come in for a year, a year and a half. And again, that's what do you do then about a prescription with a patient that needs it, but is afraid to come in because they can't afford the deductible. So those things are also eating and eroding away at primary care as well. So if you had a magic wand, and I know you have talked about this, this is an issue near and dear to your heart of primary care, how would you like to see the system change? Well, if we go back to Act 48, which was passed in 2011 under Governor Shumlin, that promise that everyone was going to have, we were going to implement universal, publicly funded coverage for all Vermonters. And by 2014, he pulled the plug on that plan. It was never implemented, but he did pull the plug on, and we had to find a way to finance it. And at the time, it was clear that the tax that you had to implement in order to pay what places private insurance and out-of-pocket payments was too much to bear, and he pulled out. So those of us in the activist community felt, okay, we understand, that's a heavy lift to do that all at once. So we did some research on doing a universal, publicly funded primary care for all program, and that we started, I believe in January, 2015, a bill was introduced, and it has made it through the House, the Senate, the House, the Senate, and a couple of times, died in committee once, made it as far as dying in committee. Tell us about what the bill would say and how it would be funded. The bill, basically, what it would mean is you would no longer need private insurance for all primary care, mental health, outpatient mental health, and outpatient substance use disorder services. That would all be paid for, in other words, it would be like a Medicare program that included primary care and substance abuse and mental health. And again, this would be, we would publicly fund it so you would no longer need insurance. Insurance premiums should go down then because you would no longer, that would no longer need to be covered in your insurance premium. And we have a law that insurance premiums have to reflect the risk and the coverage to the insurance company. So that would, the premium should go down and we need to find a tax to pay for it. Now, I'm not endorsing this, but just so you understand, as far as primary care as a whole is really cheap, it delivers, it's a huge return on investment, but right now constitutes less than 6% of total. So if you covered the private portion and continued your Medicare and Medicaid payments coming in and put them in one pot of money to pay for primary care, mental health and substance use disorder services, you could do it for a 1.5% payroll tax. So everyone would get that. Whether they had private insurance or not or they were covered or not or they had Medicare or Medicaid, everybody would have those services. I should just mention that's a huge difference from Governor Sheldon's initial Act 48, which was, I think, about a 9% payroll tax. Yeah, I believe it was actually, it was higher than that, it was 13%. Yes, it was huge. So this is pennies on the dollar. It's not easy to turn this ship around and just suddenly implement a huge tax that is gonna pay for everyone. The thinking was that then it made more sense to do it gradually and to do it with one sector at a time. So over, this bill actually says over a 10-year period we're gonna phase in sectors of care. So first year is primary care, mental health, substance use disorder. Second year is dental, a preventive dental and preventive eye exams, that sort of thing. And then phase it in over time. And then at the end of the 10 years, and again, it sounds like a long time, but let's keep in mind how long we've been trying to do something like this. And what you would do then is then keep adding these sectors of care. This is how Medicare started. Medicare started with hospital care for anybody over 65. That's how Canada started as healthcare system in Saskatchewan has started with hospital care for everyone. So we're starting with a smaller sector, but it has a bigger return on investment because again, there's no other sector that can show it improves the health of the population like primary care. Now there is a lack of, as you mentioned earlier, there's a lack of primary care providers in the state. If you all of a sudden had more people perhaps fully insured to go to primary care without these huge deductibles, one could assume that they would be going more often, possibly, where do we find the primary care providers? Well, first of all, make them more efficient. So you make them more efficient by having them to do less administrative tasks. So they're no longer having to chase the bills. You have one set of rules, one set of regulations instead of 50 regulations. So that gives them, frees them up to actually see more patients, which is why my colleagues were able to see 30 people in the past. I'm not saying you see that many, but you potentially could. And again, so it would make you more efficient. Secondly, it's very attractive for doctors and nurse practitioners to stay in practice. Traditionally, primary care doctors didn't retire until they were like in their 80s. They're now retiring at 65. It would be much more attractive. So you'd retain the ones you have and you could attract the ones that want to really be good primary care practitioners. So ones that are graduating from residency. Wow, I wanna go to a place where I don't have to worry about my patients being able to pay and they're all having different payments and whatever. I would love to practice under that system. You also mentioned the bird. Again, it's very attractive because we could attract more clinicians. You mentioned burnout earlier and I think we spoke about that with the Dr. Johnson as well at some point. A lot of providers don't make it 65 anymore because of the burnout factor in primary care. And I'm sure patients have seen some of their providers leaving the state or retiring much earlier than 65. How would this system help that? Well, it would, again, reducing the administrative tasks that someone had to do. I mean, again, when somebody has a different insurance every year, different coverage, having to look up which formulary covers, which whatever. I mean, simplifying, and again, the prescription portion wouldn't happen right away. So I wanna be truthful about that. That would probably be several years down the line. But when you look at the administrative burden that doctors are showing right now, it would reduce that. And so that's one of the things contributing to burnout. Who's gonna push back on this? If we just have a couple minutes, I wanna ask you, who's gonna push back on this politically? Because it sounds wonderful, but there's gonna be pushback, you know that. Right, well, actually, interestingly enough, the insurance companies are definitely pushing back because first of all, they don't want people then to drop their coverage. People are barely hanging on to their insurance. So they certainly don't want people to drop their coverage. They definitely will push back. We've already gotten pushback over the years by the hospital association. They do not wanna see it either. They wanna see the ACO. They wanna have all that control. They don't want public funding of healthcare. Because again, maybe we'll start looking at how much CEOs of hospitals and administrators get paid. And I think they're afraid of that, even though, again, that's not part of this bill. But those are the people that would be mostly pushing back. And people who interestingly, who fought for their benefits, feel like they've earned them and don't necessarily wanna see this happen. So again, I think the biggest push is from insurance companies and the hospital. How would employers feel? Would their insurance for their employees go down? Would their insurance rates go down, do you think? Absolutely. And then they could be assured that their employees were healthier because the ones who tend to be more uninsured are younger, those that employ younger people. They would no longer have to worry that the person got their flu shot or their tetanus shot or had their preventive care or their medical care taken care of or didn't wait while they had a raging fever and didn't wait to see their primary care clinician. All of those businesses, actually, we've gotten a very positive response from businesses. Are we out in front on this idea? Has any other state in the country tried this? The only state that tried it back in, I think in 2008 was Montana, and they did it with their public employees. The governor at the time, Schweitzer, he basically asked Sebelius, who was the Health and Human Services Secretary at the time for a waiver from Medicare and Medicaid, and she would not give it at the time. But so he said, well, I'm gonna use the money that I have control over, which was the employee's health insurance for public employees. They actually lowered their costs in the first year, I think by $2 million, which was quite a bit of money in a rural state. And they actually brought people in who had not seen a doctor in 15 years, diagnosed diabetes and hypertension in folks that didn't know they had it. It was a huge success, and parts of it I believe are still going on. And I think in your own case, little I know, you might still be practicing actively if the system was the kind of system that you're talking about. So we don't wanna lose people like you, we don't wanna lose some of our best, but very best primary care providers. We wanna do what's right for Vermont. I appreciate you being here. They're a shingle locally, and a lot of docs might do that. Instead of being employed by a hospital, they might hang up a shingle in their little town. Yeah. Well, I appreciate you being here and the fact that you're still involved in this advocacy, and we may have you back again in the future to give us an update. So I wanna thank Dr. Deb Richter for being with us today, and we hope you'll join us on the next edition of Health Care Today. Thank you.


and we're out. Thanks everyone, let's call us meeting the order. Madam Clerk, would you please call the roll? Certainly. Good afternoon, Mr. Brennan. Present. Mr. Rickerman. Here. Mr. Mcdowell. Yes. Present. Mr. Mcdowell. Present. Mr. Davis. Here. Mayor Benji. I'm present. Thank you, thank you, ma'am. Mr. Mcdowell, would you give us a word, please, ma'am? Yes. Gracious God, for your loving kindness, and for the many blessings you've already afforded us, we come today to say thank you for the grace shown each of us. We come today to say thank you for the city of ours and the leadership there, and we understand it. Trying to ingird itself with a sense of promise and a sense of hope. We pray again for those persons who are COVID survivors and, of course, those persons who have parents. This week, very special in the life of this nation of ours, as we celebrate Veterans Day. For those who are in service and for those who are not, we ask for your continued grace upon them, for the service they've given to this nation of ours. Lord, we ask you, ma'am. Let's encourage everyone to continue to keep the country in prayer. We've got a lot going on. And it always makes me feel good to start these meetings off the way we can. Theresa and Erica, let's also encourage everyone who's not talking to mute their phones too. Mute their phones, please. Are there any changes to the agenda? The only changes include removing items 24 and 25 on your executive session agenda. Mayor, we don't need to take those two items up today. And then I misspoke earlier when I was chatting with you all. I've got next week's meeting on the brain. Your consent agenda next week will include items for the disaster recovery. Not today. Good deal. All right. Motion to adopt the agenda as amended. Move. Move. Move. Move. Second any discussion? We'll move. Mr. Brennan? Yes. Mr. Brennan? Hi. Yes. Mr. McAul? Mr. Duvall? Hi. Hi. Mr. DeVine? Mr. Davis? Hi. Mayor Benjamin? Thank you, ma'am. All right. It's a motion to approve the amendments of the July 21st, 2020, August 18, 2020, August 27 council meetings. Second. Second. Second. I just, I have this vision of Erica and Lady kind of like sitting around the table and just like working on this stuff. I just, I just really want to see how this stuff gets done one day. All these minutes. Yes. Good move. Yes. Mr. Brennan? Mr. Rickigan? Mr. Ding Здесь? Hi. I'm not sure if you're competent to work there. We have all. Moving into a city council discussion period, which today we have our normal COVID-19 situational report from our emergency management director, Mr. Harry Tinsley. Good afternoon, Mr. Mayor. In your inbox, some of the information that I'll be talking about here on the city's report today. So worldwide, we are north of 50 million cases global. COVID-19, that's up 10 million from our last meeting. There are over 1.2 million deaths due to the virus. Here in the US, we're north of 10 million confirmed with over 238,000 confirmed deaths, unfortunately due to COVID. Here in our state, we've had additional over 400,000 additional tests since our last meeting, which brings the state total to over 2.1 million tests to date. There's north of 177 confirmed cases statewide. New cases reporting as of yesterday reported out today of 1,326 additional cases. That's a positivity test rate of 13.6%. And there are unfortunately 18 new deaths reported as of yesterday, and those are reporting between October 31st and November the 8th. That brings the state total to 3,795 confirmed deaths. As far as Richmond County, we've tested over 200,000 to date, and the total number of cases reported as of yesterday is 17,042. And there were 95 cases reporting additional yesterday. Our rolling average over the last 14 days for Richmond County is around 74.5 cases per day. So there are 262 confirmed deaths as of today's recording. The case counts for the zip codes with the highest 29223 and 29229, and those 14-day report outs, those zip codes were over 100 on the 14-day report. Also, as of November 5th, Richmond County's 14-day recent disease activity incidence rate has been upgraded back to high, with 231.4 cases per 100,000 population. Our positivity rate is 11.5%. We were previously at our last meeting at a moderate rate or a medium, if you will, which was 1.5%. I will continue to watch that. And by comparison, our surrounding counties, Newberry, Lexington, Fairfield, Kershaw, and Sumpter remain at high as well. Calhoun is at a medium or moderate rate. So overall, the state recovery rate is estimated at 91.8% as of November 8th reporting sample. The state case of Palli Lake is estimated at 2.17. So South Carolina is seeing a continual upslope in cases. And we're now averaging 800 to 900 new cases that report out mess up from 6 to 800. So we're starting to see an upward slope. It's not as an acute spike as it was back in July. I think a lot of the mitigation that the state and we're doing and of course, every county is helping to mitigate that. We're seeing a slower slope as opposed to an acute. So the statewide bed utilization rate remains about 75%. The rate is around 74% as of today's reporting and 197 of those are in ICU. Our state, all our local partners and state health officials continue to monitor all case counts, positivity rates, and hospitalizations. That concludes my report. We're constantly information you share with us and we're experiencing a significant spike. I'm not here in the state, but obviously not only here in the state, but the new cases worldwide is just, it's mind blowing. It's mind blowing. I just want to, again, you appreciate our collective leadership and the work being done by our staff around the enhanced mass ordinance. We got a long way to go. Thank God for some of the scientific developments we're seeing around the state and some antivirus testing as well and hopefully, you know, we'll see the other. I just had a question for Harry, Mr. Mayor. Harry, when you send out that list, can you send a, we can compare Rixland County with the other counties. I found that very interesting. Yes, sir. You're speaking of the incident rates, right? Yes. The number of cases reported in each county. Tameka, you're going next. Just two quick questions, Harry. Number one, you know, and I tell everybody to look at the incidence rate versus the numbers because the numbers are deceptive, but a lot of people keep looking at the numbers and it sounds like it seems like the numbers are deceptive. The number of cases reported in each county. The testing fluctuates up and down. So my first question is, do we have any indication as to test versus the other days is that people aren't going to get tested or is it a backup at the lab? That's my first question. And then my second question would be the report that we did last week on kind of monitoring. And I'm just wondering, are we at any point where that is been instructive for us? And are we seeing anything now that is ahead of what the numbers are reporting right this second? Thank you. As far as the testing, I think most of that is what we're discussing with most of the state partners and locals is that there's a testing COVID fatigue. We were averaging in our state 6,000, around 6,700 tests per day. The numbers reporting out yesterday as of today's reporting are 9,000 or 9,770. I think that's the number 9,770. So we're seeing those laws and then those up and downs. I'm not aware of any lab issues. I think it just gets down to there's been a lot going on and some of the COVID fatigue that folks are starting to get testing and the sites are, you know, they're all over the state here in the city. We're still pushing out our testing. But I would just say it's more of a COVID fatigue is what we're seeing. As far as the sewer test, I would have to defer that to ACM purely to give us any specifics on that. I know we've had a discussion with USC and some of the specific stuff that the USC that they have been doing. Hey, Harry, this is Clint. Thank you. I haven't seen last week's result yet. Councilwoman Divine, but we have not seen an uptick in the recent weeks at our Metro treatment plant and just some anecdotal discussions with USC and some of the collection system monitoring they've been doing around campus. They have not seen an uptake in the concentration within the wastewater collection system. I'll send the group the last week's results as soon as we receive those from USC that we have not seen an upward trend in our area and our service area in terms of the wastewater concentration. Thank you gentlemen. Thank you. Harry, I think he's okay with me sharing this because he never misses a beat for us. But I would ask all of us to continue to uplift him in prayer. He lost his mother figure last week. His aunt raised him and has never missed a beat with this reporting and don't know that he even shared that with many of us other than maybe me. So keep Harry uplifted. He's a trooper and we certainly love and support him. I bless you brother. We'll definitely do that. And I'll pray. Thank you director Tinsley. Mayor Benjamin, we can move into our consent agenda item three. Sorry, let's see here. Twelve. Twelve. Is there a motion to approve the consent agenda? So moved. Second. Second. Second. Second, any discussion? Move to the previous question, please. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickamon. Hi. Mr. McAllen. Yes. Mr. Uval. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Our zoning and planning matters for first reading item 13 is a zoning map amendment for 901-903-911-19 South Edistone Avenue. This public hearing was already held in September, Mayor Benjamin, so at this point it is up for council's consideration. Sure, is there a motion? So moved. Is there a second? What is what is the motion? Is it the motion to deny or approve? I think the motion is still approved. I'll second for discussion. All right, discussion period. All right, there's something to say on this one. Mr. Mr. Brennan. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate how long this conversation with the community, the potential developer has been going on and really put eyes on the South Edistone Commerce Drive area to really show the potential that we are missing out down there. I want to say the planning department put in a lot of time with coming up with the vision for Columbia Compass. In Columbia Compass, I think is a wonderful document that has a wonderful path forward for bringing the best to all of our neighborhoods, especially South Edistone, Rosewood and South Kilburn. The zoning change that is being discussed from M1 Light Industrial to General Residential District is something that I have been against from day one and have been talking and listening and hearing support that agrees with me. The future potential for this corridor with the Columbia Compass Employment Campus designation is exactly what we need to follow through on with the many, many master plans that have been done, not only in the city, but specifically South Edistone and Rosewood. This area is right for infrastructure investment, which it needs to happen. Flex, space, office space, institutional, light industrial. This is a wonderful destination. We don't have a lot of light industrial in the city. Light industrial, flex, office, institutional, these zones build jobs, these small businesses that we need to attract to this employment campus can be wonderful innovative small businesses. Economic Development, the Economic Development team and I had a chance to visit one of those Belmont safety products on Carver Strive. A wonderful construction technology company that has three employees right now, but has a list of potential and they are enjoying Carver Strive as their new home. And that is exactly the type of businesses and investment that we need to attract to this area. So I just wanted to reiterate my support for the South Edistone area as current and future zoning and to really commit to the neighborhoods that we will bring it back to the spotlight because it has wonderful potential down there. So thank you for your time, Mayor. Thank you, Mr. Duvall and Mr. Rick. And then Mr. Mayor, members of council. I wanted to come in. Jeff Coon, who is the developer for this property for this hard work and trying to get this property approved. And I think he has been bending over backwards to make sure that we had information. My vote has been swayed by the South Carolina Aeronautics Commission and the letter that they have given us. I think it is clear that they feel like we do not, we should not rezone this property for the future of the airport. And I am convinced that the Owensfield, Hamiltonfield future is bright if we can find the resources to extend that runway. Slightly to make it so that the jets can take off on full fuel rather than partial fuel tanks. Feel like we should support the denial that was recommended by our staff. This, this is an important transition we're going through in the next few months and had it not been for COVID. This area would not have the zoning that it is and now it would be rezoned to something that would be exclusionary of the housing project that Mr. Coon wants to put there. Again, I do want to commend him for his hard work on this project and I really hope that several of us and maybe the staff can come up with a suitable place in the city of Columbia for this project. But I don't believe that, that, that particular spot is the right place for the future of the airport. Thank you, Mr. recommending them is divine. I'd like to thank the developer I think he's going to be on to reach out and really put a lot of work into it. I hate to disagree with the colleagues on this but this property has been in discussion for a long time and these plans that we've discussed have been there for 20 years. And we the city have invested literally 50 feet across the street into housing which is in the direct flight pattern and allowed a developer to build there so there's a little bit of uneasiness on my part that we allow one one person to do it and then we don't look at this which is not directly in the flight pattern which we proved. I think that some of the information that has been sent out is not 100% correct, but I respect everybody's opinion I do think that this is a lot larger than one piece of property and it's kind of disappointing that we're only looking at it from one angle. There was there it could be a very interesting model that would have opened up some opportunities down there to change the face of that quarter and still be able to play with the spine road project which I worked on. 2004 2005. So, you know, I have to say I'm disappointed we couldn't figure a happy medium, but I do want a voice. I still support the project I think it's a right transitional project if you encounter everything that's around there. It's just really hard for me to deny this application when we allowed something literally 50 feet across the road. Thank you, Mr. Bond. Thank you. And I want to definitely thank Mr. Brennan for talking and trying to work with people on this. And I want to echo Mr. DeVall's sentiments about Mr. Coon and his his willingness. I've talked to Jeff probably four or five times on this and I think that he has really done a good job at trying to understand what the concerns were, see if he can amend his plans to be in more in alignment with what the concerns are. And I have to say that probably going into today I was I was leaning towards supporting the project in the fact that I think that Jeff has done a really good job and quite honestly everyone knows my concern about the lack of a workforce housing in our city and I think every opportunity we have quality affordable workforce housing we need to try and capitalize on that and I know in my conversations with Jeff he's willing to do that. So I still would like to see if we can work with him and his team on seeing if there are other opportunities. I have spent the better part of today speaking with neighborhood people, council members, our staff trying to understand the differences and some of these things that Mr. Wickerman is talking about what's the difference between home homes of hope and why that was allowed and what's the difference here. What does Columbia Compass say and what have we tried to do in this area and so with all of that being on the table. I have to say I'm more swayed at our staffs denial of this I think that we have an amazing competent staff that really looks at all issues. And in my my experience they are always trying to figure out how do we make something work and their denial of this and I spoke to Ms. Hampton just right before this meeting is instructive to me just in the fact that I think that Columbia Compass we unanimously just approved and we've got a lot of plans to make that a reality and to do something that might fly in the face of that I don't think is really the good idea at this point. But I would say I would really strongly encourage us to work with Mr. Coon and others. Well, my biggest concern is that Columbia we we want we have so many plans we want to do things we want developers to come in and do workforce housing we really need that for our constituency. I think that when we have good developers like this that try their darndest to accommodate work with us, and then they don't, they don't see their project move forward, it leads to a level of frustration and I don't want us ever to be in the position where the city has looked at as not not friendly not working with developers because we really need to partner with them so I would like us to continue to see if we can work with Mr. Coon and see if there's other properties that this amazing project could probably go into. But for those reasons, and if we have more time I'd say that to I think that he's willing, but I know that there's there's some discussion about that this has taken this long and we'd like to move forward so today. I have to vote today. I am not in favor of it. If there is a willingness to continue conversations, I am personally willing to start having these meetings with people be more involved. If we think we can get to that happy medium that Mr. Thank you, Mr. Davis. I'm not going to go over everything that that's been said. But one one thing that gave me some concerns was the location of the property in terms of the pathway of the airport. I don't think that we should. I think allow any kind of development such as this in the direct path of airplanes, however, you know, given the history that the spine road as well Daniel. I never got a clear answer on the, the health of the land. It was light industrial. That right. That's correct. Will be you though. That's correct. Councilman Davis, are you speaking of the new, the one that was passed last year. Well the one that we're looking at now. We were looking at. Okay, that's another issue, but I, for any residential development, especially for workforce and affordable housing, we need to take pay attention to the previous use of the property land. I would like to see a project such as this because it has the two elements that we really need affordable housing and workforce housing. Talk to them about other locations and other parts of the city. I think they could benefit just as well as this particular area. And I'd like to see us be more aggressive in that vein. They did their homework. The information was good and so forth, but I'm swayed by the position of this land to potential in terms of, you know, things that happen close to airports, we never know when it will happen. But, but it is always the possibility that it will. So, bottom line is, I'd be willing to talk to them for all the locations in the city. But with this location, I wouldn't be supportive. Thank you. Mr McDowell. Mr Mayor. He's that. I think the issue for me of course is location location location location I think all of us can unanimously agree. That housing in our city is of tremendous need. I think it's location. I've had an opportunity to talk to Mr Coon. I've read conceptually what he wanted to do with that wants to do with that piece of property. And for me it was just an issue of location and having said that Mr Mayor, I would move the previous question. Before you do that. Let's be clear that we're not saying we're not willing to work with these guys. But I'm more concerned about the availability of projects like this and other parts of the city that clearly needs it. I think your project got to move it out to two, nine, two or three. Is that what you're saying Sam. 203 or two, two. That's the reality. But I'm looking at, let me say this, and I think you're aware of this. I'm looking at the description of the project and the amenities. We've got two properties right now in this area where the builders and the developers did not live up to their promise to the people. And this is something I would hang my hat on elsewhere. It seems like it seems like the recurring theme I'm hearing from each and every one of you is that we appreciate the developers we appreciate the quality of development. If you want to see this is more of it. It's just a location. That gives, that gives a great concern. So, do we noted. Mr. Mr. McDowell you move the previous question. Yes. Yes, sir. Please call the roll. No. Mr. Rickman. Mr. McDowell. No. Mr. Davis. No. Mayor Benjamin. No. Thank you. All right. Item 14. Yes, sir. Item 14 is an ordinance for second reading ordinance number. 20908 14 supplement ordinance providing for the issuance and sale of city of Columbia, South Carolina waterworks and sewer system revenue bonds and one or more series in the aggregate principal amount of not exceeding $315 million in order to refinance certain outstanding indebtedness and to finance various capital projects and improvements to the system. Approval. Second. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Duvall for helping Ms. Wilson say the words. I'm sorry. I miss this. Mr. Palin tell us who are the farms working on this. Yes, for a bond counselor, it will be McNair. And also for the underwriters council, it will be Parker and Poe. Is that what you're looking for? Yes, sir. Mr. Mayor, I'm not voting on this one. Yeah. Okay. All right. Thank you. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McDowell. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vine. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. Thank you. Resolution item 15 resolution number R 2020 095 authorizing construction and improvements by the South Carolina department of transportation of interstate 26 and associated ramps for the Carolina crossroads phase one colonial life Boulevard at I 127 interchange the design build project. So motion. The second. Second. Any discussion. With a previous question, correct. Yes. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McDowell. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vine. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. Thank you. Item 16 resolution number R 2020 101 authorizing the city manager to execute an incentive agreement between project sunshine or project sunshine 2020 in Richland County, South Carolina, the South Carolina department of commerce, the South Carolina coordinating council for economic development, the city of Columbia and South Carolina city manager. Mr. Auchmurs, the division of public rail, public railways or Palmetto railways. Who. Is a second. Second, somewhere. Alright. He discussion. The previous question card Colorado. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickman. Hi. Mr. McDowell. Hi. Mr. Vines. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. Thank you. Thank you. Other matters, item 17, council has asked to approve the destruction of 1,362 narcotics and paraphernalia as requested. I have a call on your department. Second. Any discussion? Yeah. Okay. The same thing, none with the previous question, the clerk called a roll. It's a really good for that one, but okay. Who's the previous question, the clerk called a roll? I'm sorry. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McGowan. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vines. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. Thank you. Item 18, council is asked to approve the installation of a four-way stop at Whaley Street and Sumpter Street as requested by the Public Works Department. So, emotion. Move approval. Mr. Brennan, you want a second? Oh, sorry, second. Sorry. Move the previous question, the clerk called a roll. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McGowan. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vines. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. Thank you. Item 19, council is asked to approve a four-way stop at the intersection of West Confederate Avenue and Clark Street as requested by the Public Works Department. Yeah. Is that motion? Move. I just always wanted to hear Sam Davis motion approval, but even Confederate. I was waiting for that. So, is there a second? Second. Move the previous question, the clerk called a roll. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McGowan. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vines. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. We have a committee referral. And Mayor Benjamin, I'm not sure if you all have any other items that are not listed here, but the one referral as listed, council is asked to refer the naming of the park at Bull Street to the Administrative Policy Committee as requested by administration. Is there a motion? Move. Move by Ms. Devine, second by Mr. McDowell. Move the previous question, the clerk called a roll. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McDowell. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vines. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Mayor Benjamin. Hi. All right. Do we have anyone signed up for public input? Ms. Clerk. No, sir. All right. Mr. Volly, you want to give us a motion? Mr. Mayor, I'd like to move to go into executive session for receipt of legal advice related to matters covered by attorney client privilege pursuant to SECO 30 days, 4 days, 70, A2 COVID-19. Proceed of legal advice related to a pending threatened or potential claim pursuant to 30 days, 4 days, 70, A Jones versus Columbia, Campbell versus South Carolina Department of Transportation and the city of Columbia and strong versus city of Columbia. Discussions and negotiations as to propose contractual arrangement pursuant to 30 days, 4 days, 70, A2. Whitewater slash Finley Park, public art, Columbia city of women, arts, culture. Segra naming rights, discussion of matters related to proposed location or expansion of services to encourage. I think we, I think we, I think we took 24 and 24, 24 and 25 off. Okay. Yeah, we took. Is there a second? All right. Mr. Rickerman. We, we took 24 off. It's 24 and 25. We amended the agenda. All right, we'll move the previous question. I'm sorry. There was a second, right? With the previous question for all. Yes, sir. Mr. Brennan. Yes. Mr. Rickerman. Hi. Mr. McDowell. Yes. Mr. Duvall. Hi. Mr. Vine. Hi. Mr. Davis. Hi. Howard. Turn your volume up a little bit. All right. My volume. Yeah.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's casewrakes.com coming at you with a random number block randomizer Featuring these teams right here and that fills pick your team three playbook three So we'll see that in the in the next video Alright and all non numbered cards be randomized. Yeah, I'll probably split their hits. We'll split those up I think everything's numbered though It doesn't give you the number block instructions here, but it is in our frequently asked questions section We're we talk about fillers right here So I think most of you know random number block stuff by now, especially this group right here Now if you didn't know we Yesterday we announced that we were given we pulled two spots out of this number block And we're then we're giving them away to the people who buy full spots So we only sold eight spots outright and the There's some new dice new list right here top two. We'll get extra spots two for the price of one After ten times five and a five hard ten one two three four five six seven eight nine and 10th and final time So congrats to Jeff and Brian two extra spots going your way Jeff L. There's a Jeff H in this break, too All right, so two for the price of one now we can grab all the names and then we'll assign you a number So we're done with this list now Second dice roll. Let's roll it randomize it two and a three five times for names and numbers one two three four and fifth and final time Jeff H down to Jeff L and then two and a three five times for the numbers one two three four and Fifth and final time two and a three five times. We got one down to two All right, Jeff Hen with the number one Michael with eight Fuad with four Brian with nine Alan with five Brian With zero remember zero gets you any and all redemptions for this group of teams in that tab down there Including one of one redemptions Jeff Hen you'll still get live one of ones Ryan with seven Jeff H with three Jeff L with six and two Let's sort this by number and coming up in the next video will be the break itself We'll see you for that. Jasper's case breaks.com. Bye. Bye


it is just a question of what makes it faster. We were just thinking of increasing the RAM or the CPU to make it faster. So, we think that we will bring us over to a high RAM, high CPU and our GPU will become faster. But it is a misconception, because when we increase the CPU or RAM or any other associated. So, when we increase it, it gets to know Then we get to know that it is still stroke. Then we think of why we have created the resources. We have created everything to make it faster than still stroke. Then we go with the hosting company and ask why. Then we get to know that the server is working fine. But your resources are not reaching up to that level that you need an upgrade. So basically you didn't need an upgrade. But you upgraded it because of the misconception that you have. So now if I talk about it, if not upgrading the resources then what? So first of all we need to check if I was as excited as reaching resources to a maximum or not. If yes, upgrade, if not then what may be causing it? What may be causing it? The team's code, the plugin's code, the hosting company, they are using a poor infrastructure. They don't have good bandwidth, they don't have good internet connection on their server. Or if you have bad configuration on the server. Then there comes location of the server. So if you are based in India and you are using a server based in US, the distance between the user and the server increases and so the speed also gets affected. The last one is external calls made by the plugins. For example you are using Google Maps or maybe Instagram code on your website. So what do you do? You use the iFrame code or some code which has an Instagram or Google Maps JavaScript which calls the JavaScript from an external server. So the call made by your server to that server and the response from that server to your server takes a lot of time. So that also affects your performance. How we get to know what is affecting our website performance? How to make it faster? What exactly needs to be done? So we have a few tools like Google Day Speed Insights, we have GP Metrics, we have PingTong, I like these tools so I mentioned these tools. But you can go for any other services as well. So what we do is we go to these websites, we compare, put a URL over there and analyze it. So once we click on analyze it lists out everything that our website needs to go through. What all needs to be improved in our website? So for example I have listed out some common issues that are listed in the analysis. The first one is minification, then render blocking, then self-composed images. You might have seen those who have analyzed their websites already, they must have seen it. Let's discuss them one by one. So here is minification. What is minification? Minification is cut down your code from a bigger code to a smaller code. So we don't cut down any code but we use less than a number of lines for the same code. For example if we write a CSS code like a class in, then wrap it up on the next line, our CSS code then wrap it up on the next line. So what we do? We put everything on the same line and make it one line. So that is what is minification. So you can do it like either you can modify the files or you can use some plugins for that. So that generates some minification file and serves your CSS all that from that. Then comes render blocking. If you know what is render blocking? When we use like when we visit a page, it calls the PHP code, everyone knows our presence code in PHP. So when we open up a website, it calls the intents.php and certain calls are made to some other PHP files. And then the page loads on the browser. So we don't see any PHP page over there but we see a HTML page. If you go and click on the view source on the home page or any page, you will see HTML coding over there. So what happens is our PHP page is called, then browser renders it into HTML and shows you the page. Now when you get some issues in rendering, then the page loads performance of it. The page won't be able to render it faster. So for example, if we use a lot of plugins. So when a PHP file is made, then it calls some JavaScript files, some CSS files, etc. Now when it calls some JavaScript files, if you know when a JavaScript file has an error, then the following JavaScript won't be loaded. So similarly, when a JavaScript file is stuck over there somewhere, it can't be rendered, then the following JavaScript files won't be rendered. Until then, under the previous JavaScript file is loaded. So what we do in these cases is when we analyze it, it lists out all the JavaScript files that may be rendered and we will be blocking the rendering of the page. So what we do, we just move those files to the folder of the page. When the page is fully loaded, then those JavaScript files will be loaded. So the page rendering won't be blocked, but those JavaScript files will be moved to the folder, moved to the later stage. So again, we can do it using Peter, you can code it like that or maybe use some plugin for that. Then there comes image optimization. If you have ever analyzed a website, it will always show some image optimization, components, images. For example, when you upload an image of, say, 5MB and load a website, load on the page. The page size will be increased to 5MB plus all the resources. Now when you compress that image and maybe get back to 480, then the page size will be 480 plus the page size. So that should be possible as well. So that's what image compression means. So again, you can use any image compression tools. There are many on the internet. Or maybe use some plugins for that. Then there is one more image error thing in the analysis. That is serve skewed images. If you ever notice, you can, like, when a team develops a team, they always define some image containers. For example, if you won't let me show you this. So there are two images, one is this and one is that. So there should be two containers for those images. And those containers should be containing some image. For example, a container is of, like, 500 into 500 pixels. And you upload an image of 1000 into 1000 pixels. So what will happen? The container will always show 500 into 500 pixels. But your container will be of, like, container will be of 500 into 500. And it will show 500 into 500. But the image was 1000 into 5000. So image will be loaded as 1000 into 1000. But it is showing 500 into 500. So there is no use of that loading bigger image. So what you can do is cut down that 1000 into 1000 pixels image into 500 into 500 image. That is what is for a scale image. And then you can just put it on the website. Next is gzip. So if you ever wonder, like, it gives up, like, the analysis, you have something like compress your files. So compression is not enabled, something like that. So what you do is use gzip method. What it does is it compresses a set of files and then serves to the browser. Okay. So that, for example, some JavaScript, some PHP files are taking around 10 weeks of data. So what it will do is it will compress to maybe 506 MB, then it serves to the browser, it compresses it and serves, or renders it. Okay. So that also saves a lot of speed. Then there comes, yeah. So now if we want to know how to enable that gzip compression, it's just simple. As you can just go to your file manager or maybe FTP. You might have seen an sdaccess file over there. You can simply edit it, the code that is listed over there. You can find it easily on Google. You can just copy that code and put it in the sdaccess file and it will enable gzip for you. It also requires deflate module on your server. That is our PHP extension. So if that is not enabled, it won't work. So you will need to contact your host for that. If that is enabled, it will work. Next. Many of us have seen a gtfp issue on the analysis page. It always says gtfp is 1,000 seconds or something like that. So what we do is use of page caching. So that can be, sorry. So that can be because of two things. One is bad server configuration. And the second is the pages taking too long. So what we do is use page caching for that. We will discuss the page caching in details. How we come back to that. So something is related to time or something. I don't exactly remember that. I don't exactly remember that. So that is something. So what we do is either cache the page or maybe modify the server. So the server thinks we want to discuss it because we are discussing work as optimization. Page caching you will be discussing. So here comes the caching side. So caching are of multiple types. There are three types. I have mentioned over here. One is page caching. The second one is browser caching. And third one is server caching. So as I said, we are discussing server, server modification, server optimization over here. So we won't be discussing the third one. We won't be discussing that to others. So page caching. As I said, when you are on the browser, it actually holds some PHP files. Those are served to the browser. And then browser renders it and show you the page. So what page caching do is when a user visits our website, the HTML is loaded. The HTML gets saved into a folder called cache or something. Whichever plugin you use, it will have their own name for cache folder. When the HTML is saved over there, the next user visits that page. Instead of calling those PHP files again and then rending the whole page, the page that is cached will be served to the next user. So the rendering time that was taken for the first user will not be taken for the second user. So that is the benefit of using page caching. The second thing is browser caching. Almost everyone of us has experienced it some other day. When some website is visited, it creates some caching on the browser site. That is, it stores some of the data on the browser. Like in the form of cookies, cache, etc. So that is what is browser caching. For browser caching, what we do is we put some headers in our files. So headers like what? It will expire in one month or one week or something like that. And that data gets saved into the user's computer. So next time when he visits that page again, that cache data will be shown to him again. So that again won't be loaded from the server side. And that happens save some time. So that makes sure it's saved first. So let's move to the next one. So one issue is add expires headers. So expires headers as we already discussed, this code actually, if we look at the code, it says expires by type, then image, then access plus by one month. So what it says when an image is served on the page, on the user's computer, it will save some cache file over there which will expire in one month. So for example, within one month if the user again receives the page, the image, the page that is loaded will have that image served from the local computer and not from the server side. So that will again make our website loading faster on that computer. So that is what is browser caching. And this is how you make your website store 99 out of 100. So here comes, if you ask me my choice of plugins. So there are two plugins that I use on my website that are hummingbird and smush. So smush are used for image optimization and hummingbird for caching for moving the files to photo express. Thank you.