Ond y fan yn bach o'r taw yn ddiwedd, I'n mynd i'r gweithio'n gwrs ac mae'n gweithio'n gwybod i'r gweithio'r gaelol sydd yn ôl, ac mae'r gweithio'n mynd i'ch mwynhau eich gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio, ac mae'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Diolch i'n mynd i'w gweld! Diolch i'n mynd i'w gweld y ffeilau erbyn ei gwybodaeth wedi cael ei ddoedd diweddar y byddwyr. I thought we were on a day off! What did I tell you? Still grafting these last work hard, both of them. We're going to have two days off and they're not going to do a thing. I hope so anyway. I have to go with the wife when she packs one of these trips for these to take the biscuit. The only thing Jimmy hasn't got is clubs. I don't need them. Look at this. Are you ready for camera this early in the morning? You're always ready aren't you? One take Jimmy, don't you? How's the van looking? No one's seen the van for a while you know. I don't mean you, I mean on camera it's not been... Is there a second? I'm incredibly disappointed that there's no back seat. I know so am I to be honest with you. So we've just arrived, gone and got a quick change but we've also made sure we kept this place nice and tidy before we make a mess of it. So I'll show you a little round because honestly behind here coming with me is something pretty special.  Let me flip that round. This is sort of drying room so you can leave all your clubs and you don't get wet weather up here in Scotland and then you open this door and that's the kitchen. That's the first thing you met with. I love this little ice box there to put some beers in. Nice dining table, seating area. You've got, we're going to be watching the golf for the finish of the open later on this afternoon on a big screen. If you fancy going and practicing your short game that's outside. We've got a cluster of six lodges. We've got some visitors on the way here.  How cool is that? So there's four of these. We're staying right over in the bathroom. We'll go all in because this is well worth a little look round before we make a mess of it. It's important to mention as well, the golf course is phenomenal. We've got Dundonal links which is where these are all based. We're playing golf on there a couple of times. When we've been over to play Presswick we're going to play Western Gales. There's an absolute abundance of golf around here and these are a warm place to be staying in. So that's a quick look at our digs this week and they're pretty special to say the least. So this morning we've come off-campus. I can't believe I'm back at here. Presswick, how good is it? How good does it look from the first take? Superb. It is honestly, it's so good. I'm up back. Steve now for Birdie. Never up, never in mate. Jim. Hello. So halfway through the third hole what are the first impressions of Presswick? Historic. Beautiful. There's a great feeling about the place. There's a sense when you walk onto certain golf courses it's just magical, isn't there? And this is one of a minute. This is up there with the best. Who's winning the skin? I'll comment. Any bunkers? I'm not prepared to say to be honest. It's a big game. In answer I... You've got five skins on. Have you not gone on your own? I don't really know the answer to the question. I think there might be one tucked away left down that dip we can see. That leaked a bit right, but it's... It just depends on the lie. Yeah, it should be the lie. Any words for the camera? Pushed it a little. That's the five skins. Do you know Gary Player? Come on. Come on, no heckling now. Let's go. Yeah. I thought you did. You haven't mentioned it though. Come back. Yeah. Nice little trap fade there and. Lovely. Come back down. Come back down. It stayed in the semi, mate. It's just the semi. I'll be at the centre of the fair. We can't see that far on the camera. Any comments? Any comments? Beautiful skin. Beautiful. I'm in a good position. I'm in a good place right now. Potter's working. Newt's a day in the bag. Yeah, I'm feeling good about life. So just to clarify, you've gone eagle shang. What part of the enjoyment, Ham? Of course it is. Steve? Hello. Why are you laughing? The green's over there. The green's over there, isn't it? Where have you gone? Oh, there. See that bench? Yeah. Right, just got back from Presswick. There's so many golf courses to choose from, you know, round here. That's the good thing about. So Don Donald, you stay on here. You go and play golf wherever you want. You return back here. We're back here this afternoon playing on the course. And I don't know how nice is this. So we're going to Barbecue. Get that sun canopy open. A few drinks somewhere to eat for lunch. And then, like I said, back on Don Donald this afternoon. It's so nice, you know. Of course, now with the drinks we have, then iron maru metron gartas. With your lunch. I haven't had this stuff for years. It's not bad. Right, so around continues. We've moved back over to Don Donald links after a great morning at Presswick. I forgot to finish off there, but what we should have done was record it in the last put. I missed a put from, I don't know, about three foot for Birdie. Left it in the jaws and it was for three skins. So as it stands, I've got five skins. Can't believe I missed out on those. Well, it would have been for two. So this one carries over. Anyway, I missed it. That's the point. And we're now back on Don Donald. I think it's five, one, zero for Steve. I think that's how it lies anyway. What a day though. This is unreal. Look at these two. I don't think they're literally trying to qualify for the open. Anybody fancy game? I skated the bunker out of Birdie's bang on. The last time I missed a fairway, the Pope was an older boy. We've got to throw in as many of them as we can to them. Wasn't me best, were you? Solid. Great drive that. Super ball, Jim. Beautiful that. Any words for camera, Jim? Was that magnificent too, Ian? Not bad, you've got eight skins. Skins is a dreadful game, isn't it? No, I do. It's a great game. That's only great if you win it. What a path. Game management, mate. Game management. You dial the path in. Any words for the camera and about that stroke of good fortune? I don't think it's good fortune, mate. I knew this pathway existed. I was just trying to filter it into this gully with a drag off the tee. Okay. A long way out, mate, to be fair. How far have you got? 184, I think, to the plant. Club? Six iron and a bit. Downwind, I think. Okay. I just hope he picks it up sooner, though. For that camera off the tee. Does this zoom? No, it doesn't zoom. I can give you a description. It never left the plant. Never left the plant. Where did it finish, Jim? It's not much what I was trying to tell. There he goes. Has he gone on? He's lost his specs, by the way. Raybath. This is actually for the first skin of the day, Steve. It's not my day, mate. I'd pretty much give you the win as well. You said this is in the bag, mate. I know. He's had loads. Loads. He's at the same as me. Right, a bit of an update. We're on the sixth hole. What's the scores on the doors? I've just won a skin, haven't I? That was mine. You're not. I just won that one. I just won that one. Jimmy's got four. He's got three skins. Steve's been unlucky. Like with zero? Well, yeah. And we've got a great little par three coming up. But more importantly, Jimmy's lost his sunglasses. So we're now waiting patiently. Literally joining us at a massive moment in the game. Three skins riding on it. Average is down for a four. Down to Ray Van. Wall of Death, mate. It's right into the bunker. Classic. Round the side of it. Classic. Packing him, mate. This is just unfair, isn't it? To be fair, mate, we're playing Western Girls tomorrow. So we picked that one up then. We'll go in. The good news is we found Jimmy's ball. It was just on the railway line from the 14th tee shot yesterday. So that's a good start today. It's not very much a positive. Great. We're starting the match for Western Girls. It's across the road from Don Donald. A little bit tired? Right, mate. Feeling it. Feeling it. Feeling it a little bit. 27 holes yesterday. Not the norm, but we'll see how we get on today. And hopefully Steve gets to go for the laboratory at some point, isn't it? Right, so it's day three of our little flying visit into Ayrshire and Don Donald links. And another night in the accommodation. Night out of place called Scots, which is on the harbour in Trun. Really, really nice place to eat. And some great views as well. But Western Girls is this morning at TMT. It's not a breath of wind. It's stunning again. Can't believe how lucky we've been. And this course is pretty special. Played about six years ago. And I'll show you a little bit of it during today's round. This is the wild hole. Is it a six hole? Look at this. What? Incredible view from up the top. But look at the way these sort of fairways roll. It's mad, isn't it? Beautiful. Absolutely beautiful. A moonscape. It really is. Six holes in. What a golf course this is. A bit of an update on the golf first of all. We've been keeping a bit of a skins game going. 17. 17. Do you mean he's made a good move? Eagle on the par 5 couple of holes ago. He's made a move. What are you on, Jim? On 11. We're on. What a tee box this is. On the 8th. My word. I'll get that. I'm impressed with this, Stevie. This is as good as it gets. It's absolutely beautiful. Stunning. That will go that way as well. That's back a lovely par 3. I've just chunked a six iron about 20 yards. But there you go. This video was obviously a bit different to the norm. Realistically, it was a breakaway with a few mates to play some golf. I didn't want to do a huge amount of recording. But we've brought these mini cameras along. I would like to show you what is out and about. Ayrshire is absolutely amazing. I can't remember how many golf courses. We've got a huge amount on this coastline. They're all really, really good quality as well. There's not a bad one amongst them. We've seen quite a lot on the channel as well. That we've done over the last 18 months. So there's a few more to add to the list. But each that we played the last few days done Donald, Preswick and here at Western Gales. This is top, top quality stuff. It's incredible. We've had a great few days. It's coming away with a few mates. Having a few drinks. Something to eat. Playing some good golf. Jimmy put them for a birdie. He's had a few today to be fair. Eagle on the card, quite a few birdies. They're very well down the hill. Ah, he's drained it. Happy with that. I think I said he's played really well. Pressure on. Driving of all beautifully today. Right away. I think that's the lighthouse for the shipping lane. Right, come on Steve. What are we going in driver? We're on Aldi. I'm taking this on the clubhouse. Yeah, we're on our way back in now. Oh, right. That green in the background, how nice is that. That's Aaron over the top again. Never goes out the view. Delightful. Right, Jimmy the iron. Iron man. Good news to report by the way is that we found his sunglasses. They were on the third tee that he checked three times. Me and Steve waited a good half an hour while he searched. Absolutely rooted around for them. Then someone found them on the third. Been good today though. Yeah, another absolute belter. Playing really well today. What a good shot to be first, even it. Well done mate.


What was the first day of preparation like for you guys out here? It was great, the weather's awesome. I'm a little biased to the Pacific Northwest. This time of the year, it is beautiful, but it was great. I think this is good for us. Sometimes it's good to get in uncomfortable situations. You're not at home, you're not in your regular routine, you're facing a little bit different situations. So I think this is where we grow as a team and I think it's been good. Well, I think really when it comes down to it, those guys all fly around and they play sound defense, they play together. You can see it, just the effort that they play with, their tenacity, that's what really sets them apart, at least from what I've seen on tape. So with that being said, it's really important for us, especially going into a hostile environment, to be on the same page. These third downs, these red zones, it's going to be important that we're not hurting ourselves and making sure that we're doing what we've got to do to execute. Well, I think from what we were able to watch on tape, being able to move the ball is important, but it's being able to execute when you get down in the red zone. Again, I think Seattle does a great job, but once they get into these situations where it's goal to goal or even in the red zone, they're causing turnovers. They're making them kick field goals. So as an offense, it's important for us to be efficient in those areas, making sure that when we get down there, we're scoring touchdowns. I think the way we practice, it makes it relatively easy. It's just being able to communicate it to the guys, because it is tough.  You've got to be able to communicate it really on the fly so that everyone knows where their position is and what they've got to do. That's all him. Seriously, I mean, he's, again, we think very highly of him. What he does from a physical standpoint, obviously sets him apart, but I think from a mental standpoint, it's been very impressive, especially as a young guy. So with that being said, it's really on him. He's done a great job, and he deserves all the credit. A little bit, yeah, I would just say, in terms of misassignments or lining up in wrong places, I think what you would see from a typical rookie, he's very on it in terms of where he's supposed to be, how he's supposed to get there, what the play is intended to do. And from a mental standpoint, that's impressive for me as an older guy, because it's not really, I think more times than not, when you're a young receiver, you're just trying to survive. You're just trying to make sure you're like, all right, I'm in the right spot, instead of really diving into what we're trying to do. So he's got a great feel for that, and I think that's why he's had some early success. Go back, I think the question you said, being out here in Seattle for a week, this is where we get closer together. How does that happen? Really, I mean, when it comes on to it, a lot of guys, their families are back home. You're going out to dinner, you're hanging out. So I think a change in scenery, a change in routine, I think guys kind of have to adjust, and being able to do that all together, I think is where that is gonna build that chemistry that we need. We've heard from Coach Smith and from so many guys who know what's been done. A lot of good things in these first two games, but it's a matter of finishing. How do you make that happen? Is it just the in-game reps? Can you simulate it out here? How do you guys make that happen to get over that hump? Yeah, we do our best to simulate it out here. I think when we put ourselves in practice situations that are tough, I think when we get to the game, guys feel very comfortable in those situations. So it's just continue to line up and do those things. Repetitions, I think, is the mother of learning. And when we're able to do that, guys will feel comfortable when those points will come. One other time I want to hit with you, and Arthur went into this a little bit. It's easy for you guys who understand this to look at the game and say, okay, well, the ball isn't going to Kyle Fitz for X, Y, and Z reasons. They're doing this, that, and the other that we don't see. How would you simply answer for the fans that are asking, well, why aren't they throwing at this guy more? How do you simply answer that? It's just, really what it comes down to is, it's just a look. Unfortunately, when you got a guy that plays at a high level like that, he's kind of the number one priority on defense. Like, hey, we have to slow this guy down. You know, I think coming off his rookie year, people weren't sure really what he was capable of doing. Now that he's exploded on the scene and he's done what he's done, the teams are very adamant about making sure they take care of that. Because once he gets going, man, he's tough to stop. So we have to do a better job as an entire unit of finding ways to give him the football so that he feels like he's getting involved. He kind of gets that volume going. But, you know, we constantly, we're doing what we can and sometimes the ball goes the other way. And with that being said, depending on the week, I think as he continues to grow, I think the ball will find him. First and foremost, he's big and physical, right? I think he, you know, he stands out in that sense. He's not afraid to come up and tackle. He's not afraid to come up and press and, you know, really just be kind of up in your face. And I think for us, especially in this hostile environment, you know, it'll be a good player and somebody that's gonna be a good player for a long time. Yeah, I mean, you try to emulate it, right? But I don't think it's ever gonna really get to that point that it is in Lumenfield. You just try to work the nonverbal communication, making sure guys are confirming the signals. We're all on the same page. That's kind of the nature of the beast when you walk into an environment like that. It's hostile, it's gonna be tough. I really just comes on the, you know, being poised in the noise and handling that. Anything else you'd like to add to that? Yeah, I think that's a good idea. Being poised in the noise and handling that. No, I'm good, I'm good. Got good memories here for sure. I just remember the win. What's this week like for you guys? You're away for a whole week. You get a lot of time together. What's this all like?  We're using this time, you know, we had back-to-back West Coast game. So we're just gonna use this time like we'll do in the other game, continue to, you know, get better as a unit and, you know, repeat when it comes Sunday. You guys get to do anything fun?  Yes, if you got me, whatever you want to do, you can do it. I mean, like, obviously me, I've been kind of like locked in so watching a lot of film. I went out to eat when I did a little shop, man. You know, it's just seen a few views. So, but yeah, Coach, give us the opportunity, you know, to continue to burn as a group and do what we gotta do, you know, as a unit. We've been locked in on the film. What stands out about Seattle from what you've seen? Just starting with the receiver court, you know.     Got Speed, Marquis Goodwin. So, that's a very versatile group. So, you know, S-D-B's, we got this continue to do what we do, play physical, get our hands on the receiving. We can and execute when the players come our way. What does Gino do well? What does he bring to this offense? Gino Smith and me. Oh, he's not at stand plays, you know. He won new guys. He can make the throws, you know, whether it's to the field, to the boundary. And he's just, you know, a good competitor.  And the last question for me is, you know, you guys did so many good things these first two weeks and ultimately, you know, it goes down to two losses.  What you guys have shown, but ultimately not getting the result you want? You know, like you said, we have been doing a pretty good job, but, you know, it's our room for improvement. And what I like about this group of guys, we just want to continue to, you know, come in and work with our head down and continue to get better. You know, we just got to finish, you know, the last two games we've been, we haven't been finishing. And, you know, that's the big things coming into week three. Just come in, you know, do our jobs. Everyone do their 111, you know, execute the plays that come our way and, you know, get this win Sunday. What was it like to make the debut last week and how you think it went? It was great, you know, just getting a feel for it.   So I'm excited for it. Looking ahead to Seattle a little bit. A lot of folks are going to be watching the quarterback, different quarterback than they've had seemingly forever. So what stands out about Geno Smith? I probably say, like, the word is he having a pocket. Great ball, great decision-making.  What's it like up here having a week-long trip? I know it's the first NFL trip for you, but a little different to have it this long. What's it like? It's great. Great atmosphere, great people. And I love it out here. What do you look at this defense, week one to week two, what kind of places have you grown and where do you want to see a step this week? I probably would say, you know, last year, we didn't get as much pressure on the quarterback. But this year, I feel like, you know, we had the guys that made things happen and I feel like this team is progressing every week. Had your juicy devotion? I know, so I did. Okay. What are some of the team activities you all are doing? You know, I guess everybody gets to pick and choose a little bit, sounds like. Yeah, I probably would just say, like, you know, sometimes we just go shopping with each other, go out and eat.  That Cheesecake Factory got crossed. So, a bunch of people in there. Did you find some good stuff to get into? I'd probably say I haven't hit the Cheesecake spot yet, but that's one of my to-do list. There's something to do for sure. Gotta do that. All right, thanks.


actively support and embrace equity within my sphere of influence by using my voice to bring attention to inequities, bias and discrimination whenever I witness it. I embrace equity by making sure that anyone on my team or in my sphere of influence has equal opportunity to shine, to learn and to grow. I will embrace equity by listening to women, understanding their needs supporting them, standing up for them, advocating for them when they're in the room, but also when they're not in the room. As a woman, to me embracing equity means creating a program strategy that is inclusive of all levels and open to all allies. So with the Women's Inclusion Network, we invite as many men in as possible to mentor, to partner, to speak so that men start to understand women's challenges even better so that they can support women and that helps drive equity.


All right, stand by the launch boat. One, two, three, a boat, a boat, a boat, a boat. All right, Carpenter, you've got to pick up the hook.


Ah, food, delicious food. Where would we be without the savory delight of roasted chicken wings or the sweet sensation of melting chocolate? Did you know that what you decide to eat, especially your favorite food, says a lot about who you are? Your favorite food can reveal a lot about your personality. People also view your personality differently depending on what foods are your favorite. A study by doctor Alan Hirsch, a neurologist and psychiatrist found that job satisfaction is related to your favorite savory snack. A person's job selection reflects his essential essence and his personality, he says. Food choices can provide insight into personality and character structure. If you'd like to know what kind of person you are based on what foods you ultimately always tend to crave, this is for you. Number one, you like sweet foods, especially chocolate.  Gotcha.  Well, while you may not be agreeable about how much sweet food you eat, you are in everything else. According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researchers found that people view those who love sweet foods as more agreeable, friendly, and pleasant all around. Another study revealed that those who chose to eat a piece of chocolate rather than a non-sweet food were found to likely volunteer more and help others in need. Aren't they just the sweetest? Number two, you take risks and enjoy spicy foods. Are you an adrenaline junkie at heart? Is risk-taking your true calling? A study by the Institute of Food Technologists revealed that if you enjoy risk-taking and intense stimulation, you are likely to enjoy spicy foods as well. In the study, Burns assessed participants using the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking or the AISS, a personality test to assess if you indeed are sensation seeking and motivated towards risk preferences. Subchecks were given an active ingredient in chili peppers and had to rate how much they liked it. Those who enjoyed the food despite the increasing burn were found to have higher scores on the AISS test. Even a spicy taco is quite the risk after all. Wouldn't you agree? Number three, your go-to snack is potato chips. Are you eyeing that family-sized bag of chips? According to Hirsch, it seems if you love potato chips, you are successful and ambitious. You have high expectations of yourself as well as others. You tend to get frustrated by life's inconveniences.  According to Hirsch, those who prefer potato chips are the most aggressive, the go-getters, and the ones that never accept a no. Number four, snacking on pretzels. Would you rather choose a bowl of crunchy pretzels over any other snack? If so, you easily grow bored with routine and seek novelty in your life, according to Hirsch's study. Your decisions are based on your intuition and passion. Your emotions lead your life choices as opposed to logically breaking down a decision. This is especially true for your love life. As you pursue romance, you, of course, let your heart lead the way.  Number five, tortilla chips. Mm, the deliciously warm taste of a buttered tortilla. What's better? Hey, yup, you got that right, tortilla chips.  But this trade extends beyond your own actions to the community at large, making you a humanitarian who is often distressed by inequities and injustices of society, according to Hirsch. Me? A perfectionist? Lemme handle something. I said bake the tortilla for 18 minutes, not 20. Where were we? Number six, cheese, delicious, soft, melty, splendid cheese. Love cheese. If you can't stop yourself from those extra toppings of cheese, this one's for you. You have a defined sense of right and wrong and treat everyone fairly. You're likely described as formal, conscientious, and always proper, according to Hirsch's study. If you love cheese curls, this means you also love to plan ahead and foresee future catastrophes. Number seven, bring on the meat. If you love meat, then according to Hirsch, it looks like you are the type who is gregarious and generous to a fault. Guess what? You're also the type to think of another's comfort before your own. Aw, you'll even risk your own comfort to please those around you. If you'll have a good steak, your friends can always count on you. Number eight, how do you like them crackers? Can't resist those irresistible crackers? Then you are contemplative and thoughtful, based on Hirsch's studies. You base all your decisions on logic rather than emotion. Bizarrely enough, Hirsch claims that those who prefer crackers may easily find themselves romantically involved in an internet relationship. Hmm, you probably wouldn't mind having a date over the internet over a bowl of crackers, would you? Number nine, fruits and vegetables are the apple of your eye, then the apple to your pie, or a cucumber to your salad. Are you quick to fix yourself a salad bowl before heading out?  If you are conscientious of your eating habits and like to eat a healthy salad or two, topped off with some yummy fruits, then you have an open view and personality, according to a 2015 study published in the journal Appetite. You are willing to try new experiences and do new things. If you favor eating more healthy items as opposed to meat, you likely have a conscientious personality. And number 10, you adore high calorie foods. Are you not afraid to get your hands greasy? Do you choose the high calorie foods over the healthy option most of the time? This food choice is characteristic of the neurotic type. The 2015 study published in the journal Appetite found that neurotic people ate more high calorie foods including sweets and engaged more in emotional eating. So what's your favorite food? And does your personality match up? We hope we were able to give you insight into some of the ways your favorite foods can be a window to your personality. Did any of these points describe you? Leave a comment down below about your favorite food. Did we cover them all? Please feel free to share any thoughts you have. If you found this video helpful, be sure to hit the like button and share it with others, trying to figure out food preferences. Don't forget to subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell for more new videos. Thanks for watching and we'll see you next time.


We really can't get along in English alone. And we have a linguistics expert, Lance Askildon of Shamanad. He's also of languages. He runs that department and he's also, gee whiz, he's vice president and provost. And I was gonna ask him which one of those he thinks about when he wakes up at two o'clock in the morning. Welcome to the show, Lance. Thank you, Jay. I'm happy to be here. All of the above, I'm always thinking about all of those roles and many other things at the same time. Maybe not at two in the morning, but four is usually when I wake up and start thinking about that. Now call me anytime, it's all right. Okay. So how did you get into language and linguistics? You mentioned, you speak French at home to me. That's really important in our times, whether it be French or something else, to have another language to sort of have, oh, I don't know, a bounce back if you will from another culture.  So how did you get into that? Precisely. Well, I wish I had a grand intellectual origin story for becoming a linguist, but the reality is, Jay, I was just trying to meet some girls. And so I decided to pursue French as an undergraduate at the University of Minnesota. And it was through that pursuit and the ability to pursue then a study abroad here in France that I met my then girlfriend who was a French exchange student. And now wife, 20 plus years later, we've been married for almost 20 years. And that's really what got me into it. But the intellectual side of it is exactly what you just described. The fact that language is so much a part of our identity, even our thought processes has always fascinated me. And it's really what drew me to graduate study and later on doctoral studies in linguistics. And it's continued to inform my everyday interactions. I'm constantly considering, not just the linguistic elements of my interactions with colleagues and friends and people like yourself, but I'm also thinking about the cross-cultural dimensions of that because the moment you cross that Rubicon of becoming a other beyond your cultural nativist roots, you suddenly realize things about yourself and about the rest of the world that are profoundly important. And so that's been a real driver for many of my interests as well. Oh yeah, I'm sure. I had an experience on a French railway, SNCF, if you don't mind. Oh, SNCF, right, definitely. And my wife and I were traveling in France and we had to share a compartment with a couple. The guy was an accountant for SNCF and his lovely wife. And it was a long ride. It was hours and hours and hours. I had, you know, my French was incomplete. I'd studied in school. I had several years of it. I had French literature, which is reading, not so much speaking. And, you know, there I was stuck. So I decided I was gonna try my French. And, you know, very interesting. And I wanna mention this because I think there may be some truth in it. At first I was stumbling and bumbling and I could not put a sentence together. I could not remember the words. But then he spoke. And I remembered like yesterday and it's a long time ago. He spoke and then she spoke. And then, you know, I listened to that. I heard the music of that. And the vocabulary kind of came back to me. And the sentence structure, the verbs came back to me. And after a while I found that I could actually conduct a conversation with this man and talk about Rubicon. I crossed the Rubicon that day. After that day, the French became something that I could manage everywhere and anywhere. But it was only because I was forced into this crucible of the language with this one individual. So you're raising the issue of an important 19th century linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure, and his positing of two different types of linguistic knowledge. He called them long et parole or language and speech. And the distinction was what you just described with your anecdote on the SNCF train. It is the understanding of the rules of the game for speaking a language and your ability to then operationalize them. So the rules are the language, the long, and the parole, the speech, is the operational knowledge that allows you to actually produce language in a meaningful fashion. And so a lot of my specialization of second language acquisition or learning other languages is focused on moving between that declarative knowledge, language in your mind, into the operational or procedural knowledge of using that language for communicative purposes. And so that's informed a lot of changes in the way that we teach languages and help students to actually make use of them. And in fact, just in the last 50 years, we moved from a literal study of formal grammars, memorization, and even behavioral response to memorizing certain phrases to a communicative approach that prizes communication even before you fully understand the grammatical systems or some of the rules of the game. And so that's a really interesting trajectory that we've been on for some time. And increasingly now, we're recognizing that cultural understanding is also essential to that procedural knowledge. So even if you don't have necessarily the lexical units, the words, and the syntactic grammatical features, if you know the culture, you can finesse the language and be understood, communicate because that cultural knowledge helps you anticipate what your interlocutor, the person you're speaking with, is expecting from you. And so that's another important facet of language learning. I'll tell you a quick anecdote that kind of speaks to the movement in language learning and development. Many years ago, I was at the University of Arizona and I had a cough, like a chest cold might have been bronchitis and I went to see the doctor and he's making conversation as he's checking my lungs, asking me what I'm doing. At the time I was teaching a French class. And so he said, oh, I studied French when I was in college and I said, oh, do you remember the name of it? He said, just a moment. And he goes, le mouton est sur la colline, which means the sheep is on the hill. And I was flabbergasted. I thought, why is he telling me this? I said, do you know what that means? He said, I have no idea. He said, I just remember how to say it because it was drilled into us because that's what the technique or the pedagogical approach was to teaching language as many years ago. Now we've moved beyond that. And so it's not just producing the language form, but understanding the communicative meaning, including the cultural context that surrounds it. And if I may, I'll add one more point. My wife and I, my wife is also a linguist and so we have some interesting dinner conversations. But my wife and I have taken students abroad for many years. Now, initially we took students who already spoke the language to varying degrees of fluency. But later in our college careers, our professorial careers, we started taking students who didn't speak the language. And what we found is that the learning and the transformation that occurred was even more profound as students struggled with understanding some of the cultural differences even before they began to master the linguistic form. And so this is supported in literature, but as a personal anecdote, I'll say it's very powerful to see how much individual students will learn about themselves before they ever start learning the language. They start questioning so many of their preconceived notions about what it means to be a gregarious person, to be a thoughtful person, because we use different linguistic devices to signal to our audience, our interlocutors that we are well read or we are humorous or we are intelligent or down to earth. And they lost so much of that as they began to start exploring, expressing themselves and their identities in these other languages. Yeah, we're on social media, may I say. But that actually anticipates my next point and question. You know, we do a lot of shows with people in Europe. And some of them are really, Western Europe, Eastern Europe all over. And some of them are really charming.  They use their whole body to express themselves. And they become so much more interesting. You know, their head tilts and their eyes open and you have the whole structure is moving and it is not American at all. We are so, well I say, presbyterian about everything. You know, we do not, we do not move with language. But the Europeans do. And I wonder, you know, Lance, if you went with all the French you have at home with your wife and all that, if you went to Europe, could you pass? Could you pass as French, for example? Yes, on my better days I do pass as French. And I'll tell you, I become a slightly different person when I am not just immersed in the French language but by necessity, French culture and French thinking. And before I share an anecdote that speaks to your point, I'll say one of the most fascinating functions of learning another language is really driven by an old concept, old and linguistic terms, the superior wharf hypothesis. Perhaps some of your viewers have encountered this and it essentially comes in two flavors. The strong version of the superior wharf hypothesis suggests that language actually dictates how you can perceive reality. The idea that the words available in your language, the grammatical structure, even the prosody, the music of the language will actually limit or expand your perception of what's happening. And the lighter version says, well, it's not going to dictate, but it's going to strongly influence. And it's that latter lighter version of the superior wharf hypothesis that has been validated experimentally. I'll give you one just quick example. There was an experimental examination of locket of prepositions. These are prepositions of place on, above, under, over. And in some languages, there isn't a distinction made between on a table and above a table. So the distinction we make in English is, is there touch? Is there contact between an object, a pair of sunglasses and the table? And so they would show these speakers of Korean and some other languages that don't recognize as native speakers those differences. And guess what? They didn't notice a difference between images that showed contact with an object versus no contact. That's, that's literal reality being overlooked because of the language that you speak. And there are many other examples with color perception, with different types of implements and mass nouns and countable nouns. But I just find that to be a really concrete example. The implication for that is though, that when you start speaking another language, you start noticing and observing things, not just literal, you know, concrete objects, but things within the cultural milieu and social constructions that become much more pronounced. When I spend time speaking in French, I start noticing the relationships that I have, not just with my interlocutor, but the people around me because of the notion of solidarité, that it's an expanded version of what we would call solidarity, but it's got a very deep and sort of camaraderie driven meaning in French. It's what drives, you know, the union actions and the protest movements and just the active democratic phenomenon that you see in France and across continental Europe. And so when I'm in France, when I can pass, it's because I become more expressive. You talked about using your hands. I've started to, you know, this is the other thing of speaking another language. You start to meld the two. So I use my hands quite a bit because I see that my interlocutors in French respond to that and they're looking for those signals and I respond to their signals. Similarly, when they start reflecting on deeper concepts in our conversation, that's a signal to me that I should be a bit more ruminating and not be so direct and declarative. The same thing in a lot of Asian languages. We encounter this in Hawaii all the time. There's a predilection for being more indirect rather than saying exactly what you mean. You make use hedging language, use qualifying language to give people the chance to save face and to not directly disagree or to not directly contradict someone. So those are functions of conversation, but it goes beyond that into even how you can, you know, hold yourself. I'm a much more gregarious and joking person in French because the French have that joie de vivre, right?  And I embrace that when I'm speaking French. To say nothing of the Italians. Yeah, I'm not even touching the Italians. I've spent a lot of time in Italy, but they're even more excited to speak to in many cases. So yes, I just, I find this to be a fascinating and very poignant reason to encourage the study of languages. It's less about the linguistic code and it's much more about the intellectual exploration of yourself as well as another culture and language that are opened up as a result of those encounters. So where does literature fit with that? You know, in my prehistoric study of French we read a lot and we read all kinds of French authors in 19th century, 20th century, everything. And you know, you learn a lot about the author, the story and you know, the environment and all that, but really what's the connection between this dynamic expression you're talking about when you speak the oral language and reading all those books to understand the characters in that time and the environment. Yeah, there's so many dimensions here. I'm gonna be concise, but you're onto something very significant here. So literature of course is and particularly canon literature what the, you know, the culture considers its most important tombs of literature that define its character. That is a roadmap to the major cultural mores, values, you know, expressions. If you think of, you know, a piece like Les Miserables and all of the despair and all of the passion and the heartache and the changing of the minds of characters and yet the resiliency and resolution of those characters that is at the heart of a, you know, traditional French identity. Now, French identity like all cultural identities are dynamic, they're changing. But if you wanna talk about some of those core, you know, mythos and legends that define the French mentality, you see that kind of, you know, cynicism mixed with a willingness to change your perspective, change your view. And that's what literature provides. And it does so for us in the English and the Anglophone environment, but what's tricky about that is there are so many cultures that have that Anglophone literary canon and it's complicated by so many different cultural perspectives, which truly makes the English literary canon. If you're looking at, you know, English as a global phenomenon, global Franco, one of the most multicultural literary canons in the world. The other interesting thing about reading in general though, and this is actually an area of specialization for me, I looked at how we actually develop literacy skills in learning a second language. And what you realize very quickly when you start studying the process of reading, a few things. Number one, everybody thinks reading is decoding, like, you know, putting individual letters and then words and then sentences together. The reality is much more messy and chaotic. We don't read in a linear fashion. Our eyes, when you look at eye tracking software, they jump all over the page, they look for certain signals, but they're actually doing a global read. They're rarely going from one direction to the other and reading every every sign. But the most important thing that connects the written word with the spoken word is that to read effectively and to actually understand complex sentences that are strung together and then deeper meeting in the paragraph, you need to avail yourself of a phenomenon called subvocalization. Now, this is a function of how the brain actually remembers everything. So there are certain images, there are certain exposures that are more salient to your brain. We see so many things. Just think about all the things your eye sees at any moment of the day. It holds on to a tiny, tiny fraction of those versus the auditory signals. Those are much more durable. They have a physical form in terms of acoustic signals. And so what we have learned helps second language learners develop reading skills faster is if they read aloud or if they just kind of mumble to themselves. So even if you're not speaking loudly, you start activating the mental processes, the neurological processes that route declarative knowledge of the language into acoustic knowledge. So you don't even have to produce it to then create a mnemonic device that helps you remember. And so as you go through that, do we all do that? We all do that as we're developing literacy, but next time you read a challenging text, find, notice, you will probably be sub vocalizing. You'll do it to help you remember the onset that you just read. I do, I for one, I do that. And it's a natural process, but it's even more important when you're learning a second language for the first time. And so that's why we've started to very intentionally teach people to sub vocalize as they're learning, as they're reading literature, as they're reading even early script so that they can begin to overcome the biggest challenge to any second language learner. And that is working memory. So the biggest problem when you're learning, whether you're speaking or you're reading a second language, it takes so much concentration. It sabotages your working memory and you forget. You might produce beautiful prose, but you get to the end and you don't even remember what you said or you've lost something that was said during the conversation because you're getting the headache thinking so hard about it. And so that's why you need to have lots of communicative practice. It starts with these aids like sub vocalization and then you just get lots of practice so it becomes automatic. And so there's a phenomenon called automaticity where you basically just speak the language without thinking. The problem is if you haven't learned that language carefully and you haven't worked out all the mistakes or errors, you will also get what we call fossilization, which are errors that stay with you for the rest of your life. And that's why you can meet someone who's been speaking a language for 30 years and still make very basic errors. They can't even notice that they're making them because they've already moved from that careful practice to automaticity. And you can undo it, but it's a very painstaking process to undo automatic language. I hear you saying that the conversation is the best teacher. The conversation we were engaging with someone else, me and the accountant for SNCF, for example, that was the best example. But I'm not thinking of grammar.  So in a way, I'm kind of compromising on the formal requirements of the language. And I think that if you focus on the vocalization, which I think is absolutely right for me anyway, then somehow you'd better think about the grammar and the spelling and the syntax and the sentence structure, or you'll always be a Malahini, you know? That's right. Oh, that's absolutely right. And it's what I think a function of that is also making sure that your interactions aren't just practice, right? But that they're meaningful. That you're actually, and this is the more ephemeral part of learning a language. It's not just practicing the words. It's practicing having a meaningful conversation with another human being. And this is where all of the wonderful tools that exist for learning languages online through software, I'm not gonna name any of them, but we all know that they exist. They're great tools for practice, but there's no substitute for meaningful human-to-human interaction because psychologically that's a signal to your brain to remember and to store that information. And more than that, the best correction that you can get that you will remember. Again, we get correction all the time, but the most important correction is when you're having that conversation on the train and somebody says, oh, you mean this? And suddenly that becomes a really meaningful memory that you store and that you operationalize. So that communicative practice with real people, ideally in real world situations, is so powerful and so important to language development. Well, you know, I imagine from this discussion that when you're teaching a language at Shamanad, you're doing interactive, you're throwing everybody in the room in a conversation which presumably is meaningful. And you know what? It builds not only understanding of yourself and that person, it builds a relationship. It does. You can't be in love with somebody although either people claim you can't without having some kind of communication. Absolutely. Communication is the mother of love, they say, right? Exactly right. And the best way to learn language is the romantic method, but I digress. The real power of language learning, it's one of the most fundamental human interactions that you can have is to engage in a dialogue, a back and forth, not a monologue, right? Not a screed like we see so much on social media, not a one-way conversation that just happens to have two people involved. But what Mikhail Bakhtin, the Russian philologist calls dialogism or meaning making between two people where you're actually coming to a conversation and you're creating meaning in between the two of you that is unique to each individual. And that is the magic of language and it's exciting when it's done right, it's exciting and fun and poetic and musical. Well, you're telling me we'd have a better world if people crossed that Rubicon. If I'm speaking to a Russian, for example, even for five minutes and I tell him his war is wrong, in his language or his language to my language, we're having citizen diplomacy. Absolutely. If you're meeting somebody on the language barrier, it's citizen diplomacy. And that's where the language and even the in-person language in particular, the gestures, the eye contact, the fine nuance that helps you convey a sense of empathy and intellectual curiosity to understand allows you to transcend these policy level issues and get down to human issues. And this is, as you said, not just how citizen diplomacy occurs. I've had the good fortune in my work with the United Nations and others to see real nation-to-nation diplomacy and it works the same way. Two leaders connect on a human level. Obviously they're dealing with larger policy issues but before they can really come to any sort of compromise and understanding, they need to transcend some of those linguistic barriers and they need to share in each other's humanity. And that is the dialogueism, the meaning-making that we're after in every conversation. We've lost so of that art here. A world now where more and more people are learning English, using English. I had a conversation with somebody in Rome yesterday. He was Hoppe Italian and Hoppe German. Oh, wow. He spoke English so well, it was amazing. All the idioms, he had them all. And he hasn't really left the schools he went to in Europe. That's where he learned this. So what I'm saying is that we seem to be finding a common denominator of English and there's a loss there. What you and I have been talking about for the last 20 minutes, we don't have that if everybody speaks the same language. So the message that I would leave and I think you would leave is that those kids, those students in whatever grade of school they're in and right up to the PhD, they should be learning other languages for any number of reasons. But the question I put to you Lance is what languages? How many languages? And in what way, in the Monterey fashion, in Shamanad fashion, how do I do that so that all these lessons you've described, these benefits you describe will actually work? Yeah, those are excellent questions and I get them all the time from cocktail parties to classroom encounters. And this is my response. So in terms of what language, it is absolutely critical that you have a fundamental, intellectual human curiosity about the culture of the language that you wish to study. If you are studying a language for purely utilitarian reasons, because you think it'll help you on your job applications because you're being forced to, that's going to be a barrier. I'm not saying you can't learn that language. I'm saying if you have the ability to choose, you should choose a language that is used in a culture that you want to understand better and you want to engage with people representing that culture. So it gives you the opportunity to pursue that meaningful practice. And really the reality is learning a language is a lifelong commitment. I've been speaking French for 20 plus years. I still learn new things all the time. My wife, she has a PhD in English and she learns new things all the time. It gives you a natural sense of humility, but you have to recognize that really as a non-native speaker, as an adult, learning a second language, it's something that you're going to be working on for the rest of your life. And in terms of the methodology that you pursue, again, I don't think there's a single one-size-fits-all, but the best approach is one in which you have opportunities to learn face-to-face with other students who can practice with you. You need someone who approximates your level. They can be a little bit above or a little bit below, but the idea of being in a classroom or in a community group or a reading group or a French language table or a Chinese language table and interacting with other human beings, not only is that going to maintain your intrinsic motivation to learn more about the culture, it's going to give you that meaningful practice and it's going to move that declarative knowledge into procedural. Is that what they do in Monterey? I'm sorry? Is that what they do in Monterey? That is exactly what they do in Monterey. I used to work very closely when I was at the University of Notre Dame running the Center for the Study of Languages and Cultures with the Defense Language Institutes. Monterey hosts one of those, but there are several others, including some for the clandestine services. We would all use the same pedagogical techniques and they began with a formal study of the linguistic system. Even like intro to linguistics, you understand how languages work and proceed to meaningful practice right in that first semester, those first few weeks. And the more immersive you can be, if you can take time out for two weeks of immersive study, that will oftentimes give you more procedural knowledge to use the language, which will then help you continue in that study for many years to come. So I think pedagogically, you want to have a teacher, even if that teacher isn't credentialed, right? Even if they're just a more advanced native speaker or a native speaker themselves, having another person to guide you in that and then someone to practice with as well. Those are the fundamental building blocks for effective language learning.  And maybe it's because the language next door in the next country is so close that they had connection with people just in the ordinary course. And maybe it's because I'm quoting this because they have a talent in languages. So my question to you is, do only some people have a talent in languages or do we all potentially have a talent in languages? And should we all try to learn more than one, more than just French, French, Italian, Germans, you know, Swahili, Spanish, it's all. So what's your answer? So the answer to both questions is yes, but a qualifier. So there is a natural aptitude for language learning. And guess what? It's highly correlated with the amount of working memory you have. So we understand that aptitude for language learning actually has a lot to do with how much you can hold in working memory and remember as you're having a conversation. But to answer your more fundamental question, can anyone learn any language? Absolutely yes, particularly as a native language. So you can take a baby that was born to parents in any country, in any culture, move them to another country and from birth, they will learn what are considered challenging languages. You know, Chinese with its tone and logographic writing system, Swahili and other non-alphabetic scripts, those are all capable for any human being to learn. Now, when it comes to learning a second language, you should study a variety of languages even if you don't study some of those languages to fluency. I've studied Arabic and I can barely speak any Arabic anymore. I used to have a little more procedural knowledge but that study of Arabic sticks with me in terms of my perception of not just the language but some of the cultural references, some of the cultural idiomatic conventions that give great insight into thinking in that part of the world. And that is the fundamental value of studying a language. It's not necessarily your ability to even remember or hold on to that linguistic system. It's the fact that you get insights into your own language as well as that other language and culture. The other factor here is if you study a language as a child to any level of fluency, you are automatically more predisposed to language learning success in adulthood. That said, there's something called a critical period and it really happens around the time of puberty. There's some physiological and there are a lot of changes in the brain. Is it too late for me, Lance? I'm sorry? Is it too late for me? It's not too late for you. No, but there are some differences that happen and so basically once you go beyond that critical period, you can no longer, without having extremely good luck and good aptitude, you can no longer perfectly approximate the pronunciation of those phonemes in that language. And so that's an enormous limiting factor for many people. Some of the more advanced syntax or grammatical rules are also very difficult to master. That said, any adult can learn any language to communicate fluency. You won't be mistaken for a native speaker, but you will be welcomed and appreciated and understood as a fluent speaker if you put time and effort into it. And everyone at any age, doesn't matter if you're 80 or 100, you can learn a foreign language to maximum levels of fluency and work just fine in that other language. I know if I applied myself, I could. I actually could because I really love the sound of some of these languages. A lot of these languages. I love prosody as well. Before the show began, I told you that I had some familiarity with the IPA, the International Phonetic Alphabet. And I'll tell you what it was and see your reaction. There's a clothing manufacturer in Hawaii called Tori Richard, T-O-R-I. And there was another clothing manufacturer who copied the designs and the marketing. And they called themselves Charlie Richard, C-H-A-R-L-I-E. Charlie Richard. Got it. And we represented Tori Richard. We went to court in the federal court for a violation of, I guess it was trademark. And we brought in evidence that made the defendant a suspicious actor. But what crunched it was, we brought in a linguistics expert. And he testified from UH. And he testified that the two, the Japanese tourists, who was the largest market at the time between these two brands, the sound Tori and the sound Charlie were identical in the IPA. And so an average Japanese ear could not tell the difference. And that made the case all the better for us. And we won. That's a beautiful illustration of linguistics. Many tools and insights, even I would not have guessed that that would be testimony in a trial of trademark. But it makes perfect sense because really there are a variety of sounds that don't mean anything in one particular language but are very meaningful in another. And then there are a variety of sounds that really have tremendous overlap. So in French, for example, there are three different kind of sounds. There's O, E, and E. And to the average English speaker, those didn't really sound that different. Certainly there's no meaningful difference because we don't have a distinction with particular words that have one sound or the other and otherwise are pronounced or spelled the same. So like your example, the IPA, the International Phenetic Alphabet, which was developed I think in the late 19th century, 1880s there, spent around for a long time. And it was an attempt to codify all of the meaningful sounds that the human vocal track can produce that then can be used to transcribe other languages. Now, that's not all the sounds a language can make. Those are called phones. There are hundreds of those. There's only about 120, 130 phonemes. And that is what we use to create the International Phenetic Alphabet. And it shows us all of these incredible distinctions. And here's an example. In French, there is no aspirated ha, the H sound, like in happy. So a French person doesn't have a phoneme in French for ha, an aspirated H. And so they struggle with that as learners. So we can use what we call contrastive analysis to study what one person's native language doesn't include to anticipate what they're gonna have trouble learning. And so that's where the International Phenetic Alphabet can actually be an enormous tool to language development and language learning. And oftentimes with more common language courses for English speakers, for example, there'll be some contrastive analysis that forms the first part of that syllabus and that development of language learning because of those common differences. Phonetic and otherwise, not just limited to- I hear the word artificial intelligence behind what you say. And I feel that an AR program could learn exactly how our Frenchman says happy. Absolutely, absolutely. That may be for other languages. But my last area I wanted to ask you about is this. So we have, say, the US and China, okay? Mandarin's not an easy language by any means. And a lot of people have said over the past 20 years, maybe less lately, because of political considerations, that, you know, go West young man or woman, go West and study Mandarin. It will help you in your life to know Mandarin. At the same time, in China, and this may be declining also, they say study English young man or woman, go East. And, you know, take a graduate degree at an American university or a European university, okay. So my question is, it's kind of utility. How does I learn a few languages? Suppose I learn them at Shamanad or UH or any other Monterey, wherever in the military would have you. And now I have the benefit of that. But query, you know, we have automatic translation systems. We have this flattening world of English. And, you know, more to the point, I want to have a bullpen of languages that will make money for me. You mentioned that you have consulted with various governmental agencies. And that's very impressive because that's kind of confirmation of all that we've been talking about. But query for the young student, whether or not he has a special aptitude for language. Is this worthwhile for him to develop skill in several languages in a world, in a world like today? It absolutely is. And you're certainly correct that there are some languages that are going to provide far more utilitarian advantage than others. And my only caution there would be to try to find a genuine intellectual curiosity to drive your learning of the language because if it's purely utilitarian, you're going to have a lot of difficulty engaging in that meaningful practice that is a pathway to fluent language development. I think, you know, here's the broader context that endorses learning multiple languages. Every language will give you exposure to certain linguistic features that are not present in your native language. More importantly, they will give you insight into how other people representing other cultures think. And I will tell you that that is prized by organizations from business and nonprofit all the way to the intelligence and, you know, defense industries. And I will tell you, I'll keep this vague but say that, you know, I used to be approached frequently for recommendations of students to be nominated for intelligence agencies, not because they spoke a language that was critical to national defense, but rather because they were high aptitude language speakers who had observational skills that they wanted for other purposes. And so being able to master a language and begin to notice things cross-culturally and extra sensory beyond your own categories of perception is valuable in and of itself. And that's why if you have language skills on a resume, that will be an immediate value add. That's one thing I emphasize with all of my students and have for years. That's an immediate value add to have another language because it tells that employer much more about you than just the language itself. It talks about your disposition, your willingness to engage globally, internationally, your cross-cultural sensitivities or competencies. And perhaps if they have a deeper appreciation, your nuance and sophistication for pattern recognition and the ability to observe field independent phenomenon is what we call them. So there's tremendous value monetarily, utilitarian-wise for young people to maximize familiarity with a variety of languages. Even if they never reach a level of communicative fluency with them, there's still tremendous value in that exposure. I always tell people at the very least, learn how to introduce yourself and engage in political niceties or diplomatic niceties because that will endear you to anyone of that country or that culture to see that you're showing them signs of respect. And that's just good human dignity to practice, but it also gives you tremendous advantages and oftentimes opens up conversations that may be in English, but still give you an entree that foreign language competency provides. I can see the scene in the spy movie on Netflix where the intelligence chief says to his young recruit, he says, look, I know you know how to speak Arabic, but don't speak it. Just use your skill of that culture to understand what the other guy is saying. Watch his body language. That's right. Don't tell him. Well, yeah, I have found that one of the most utilitarian skills that I've developed for some of the language I speak in particular Arabic. My Arabic is in particular good, but I'm a great negotiator because I know how to go to the market and engage in the back and forth and the good nature of ribbing and the outrageous statements. That's all a part of the dance of the language and it has a lot less to do with the language you're speaking than the cultural expectations that people have. And that's how I always get a good price on my rugs for Morocco. You know, Lance, I think this show has been a tremendous success because over the course of our half hour together, more and more I've noticed that you're using your hands. I've learned to emphasize with my hands. It shows my excitement for the show, Jay. I won't say au revoir, but I will say à tout à l'heure. À tout à l'heure. Thank you very much, Jay. It's been a pleasure. Thank you, Lance. I hope to see you soon. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you are new here. It is another ww meal prep and boy Oh boy, do I have three absolutely? Delicious on-plan recipes for you I have a breakfast a lunch and a dessert a WW friendly dessert just in time for all of those Christmas goodies to come our way So if you want to see what I have in store for you for this week's meal prep just keep watching For my breakfast this week, I'm gonna be making a chunky monkey breakfast bake now I changed the recipe up a little bit, and I'm going to bake this in one dish You can also make this in individual serving so super versatile recipe So let me show you what is in our chunky monkey breakfast bake first? You're going to need some oats some rolled oats. You can even use quick cook whatever you have on hand almond milk sugar-free syrup flour PB2 or almond PB2 again, whatever you have on hand the recipe calls for oat bran, but I could not find it So I'm going to be substituting wheat bran chocolate chips. I'm going to be doing the bake believe semi sweet vanilla extract baking powder and Bananas so let's get started on this week's breakfast so to get started on our chunky monkey bake We're going to go ahead and add one quarter cup of rolled oats to a bowl We're also going to add in our oat bran, and this is 10 Tablespoons total so I am five times in the recipe to make five servings So everything in the original recipe is times five So I'm also going to be doing some baking powder So this is one and a quarter teaspoons total of baking powder And again, I have flour 10 tablespoons five times the original recipe And then we're going to add in just a pinch of salt to just bring out all those flavors Give this a quick stir together, and we're going to go ahead and set this aside while we put together the wet ingredients So we're going to start with our bananas, and we want two and a half ripe bananas And we're just going to go ahead and put those into a bowl here And then we're going to use the fork and just mash them up a little bit of chunks is okay But you want to try to get them as mashed up as you can Once your banana is nice and mashed together We're going to go ahead and add in one and a quarter cups of our almond milk And we're kind of going to give this a stir as we go This is the liquid portion of our bake so we want to make sure that everything is nice and mixed together We're going to be adding in about two teaspoons of vanilla extract And that's five times that recipe as well And then lastly we're going to be adding in our maple syrup and we want about one and a half Tablespoons of maple syrup and then again We're going to give this a quick mix together, and we'll be ready to mix everything Together and get ready to get our bake into the oven So the last step is we're going to go ahead and combine our dry ingredients our oats and oat bran in with our wet Ingredients and we're just going to give that a good mix We want to make sure that we're creating a batter and that's what's going to go into our baking dish So if you were doing these as individual servings, you would have to prepare each Ramekin worth of the mix together and then pour it into the ramekin and repeat So I thought this was just a little bit easier and then I'll just cut it into the number of servings that I'm making So whatever you prefer you can do individual little ramekins or you can do it in a big bake pan kind of like I'm going to do So once you get your batter, you're going to go ahead and fold in your chocolate chips So I have five tablespoons which I weighed out on my food scale of the bake believe chocolate chips So we're going to go ahead and add those into our mix, and then it's ready to go into the pan So I'm going to go ahead and spray my pan with some non-stick cooking spray We don't want any of this to stick And then we're going to go ahead and just add in our batter and our oven is preheating to 350 degrees and we're just going to let this cook until it is cooked through and in the meantime We're going to make a banana nut sauce that's going to go on top So how good does that sound so you don't need any other type of sauce? We're going to make one that's going to go right on top of this chunky monkey bake So there it is. We're going to put it in the oven at 350 So for the sauce for our chunky monkey bake, I have my small bowl again I'm going to go ahead and add in two and a half Additional bananas you want to have half of a banana per serving basically, so I'm going to go ahead and add in two and a half and Then we're going to get those mashed up again before we add in our PB2 and our almond milk And this is going to make a sauce to go right on top of our bake So once you have your bananas mashed up, it's okay to have chunks again We're going to go ahead and add in our PB2 And then we're going to mix that up and in order to make it into a sauce We're going to use some almond milk so you're just going to add in as much as you need to break down that PB2 into more of a liquid and Just keep stirring keep adding almond milk until you have a nice Sauce consistency and then this will just get drizzled right on top of our bake When it comes out of the oven and this smells really good with that banana and that peanut butter yum So let's mix and get this ready to go on top of that bake Our chunky monkey bake is out of the oven. It smells so good looks delicious I'm going to let it cool a bit And then we're going to go ahead and add on that sauce and top it with a few more chocolate chips Get it packaged up for meal prep and I'll be back to show you the smart points once we add on our sauce Once your bake's cooled You're going to go ahead and take that sauce and we're just going to put it right on top Yum look at this and it's going to kind of seep down the side and really just kind of coat That breakfast bake and then once we've added our sauce on top We're going to take just a few chocolate chips not enough to add any extra points And we're just going to go ahead and sprinkle those on top I'm going to wrap this with some saran wrap and throw it in the fridge I just want the sauce to set a little bit onto the bake and then we'll get this cut up in the meal prep containers And I'll show you what I'm having for breakfast for the week and give you the smart points All right, so here is my completed breakfast so our bake made five Servings so this is a huge serving look at this fills the entire large part of the meal prep container This looks so good the bake itself is solid and then you add that sauce on top Oh, I'm so excited for this So we're going to have that banana chocolatey peanut buttery goodness So one fifth of the recipe or one serving if you did individual ramekins is six smart points That's it So not bad for an oatmeal bake full of chocolate chips and peanut butter And then I'm just going to pair mine with some raspberries for zero So this is going to be a six smart point breakfast for lunches this week I'm going to be making a meatball Parm bake and I'm excited about this I've been wanting meatballs and this just sounds so delicious. So let me show you what is in this recipe first You're going to need marinara sauce. I always use the skiniish dish crock-pot marinara It is zero smart points no matter how much you use I will link the recipe down in the description box with the other recipes How do you recommend it? It's delicious and again zero smart points on all plans Also some minced garlic milk of your choice salt and pepper and Italian seasoning eggs Parmesan cheese the recipe calls for asiago cheese as well I couldn't find that so I'm just going to use parmesan cheese And I have one pound of 96 for extra lean ground beef the recipe calls for a couple other meats I'm modifying a little bit because I don't need that much. I'm only making four servings So I opted for the one pound of 96 for Fat-free cheese breadcrumbs of your choice. I always use the herb seasoned stuffing mix from pepperage farms I think it makes a way better meatball Fresh basil and fresh parsley. So let's get started on our lunches So the first step for our meatball bake is we're going to go ahead and take half of a cup of Breadcrumbs or stuffing mix whatever you're using and then also half of a cup of milk of your choice And we're just going to mix these together It'll allow those breadcrumbs to soak up that milk and we're just going to set this aside while we put together the meat So we're ready to put together the meat mixture. So I have my one pound of 96 for extra lean ground beef to that I'm going to add in that breadcrumb mixture It's soaked up most of the milk so we're going to go ahead and add that and basically these are what is going to form our meatballs So that mixture and then in my bowl here. I have fresh parsley and fresh basil I'm actually going to add basil directly into my meatballs because I love basil So that'll be a nice touch and then I'm also going to be adding some Italian seasoning We're also going to add in two eggs. I just cracked them separately to avoid the shell We're also going to add in our minced garlic we want about six cloves ish of garlic and then half of a cup of fresh parmesan cheese and lastly some salt and Some pepper and we're going to give this a good mix until it's nice and combined And then we'll be ready to roll it into our meatballs So I took a six by nine baking dish lined it with some aluminum foil sprayed it with some non Stick cooking spray and then I have just a cookie scoop. I purchased these off of Amazon It came in a three-pack three different sizes really inexpensive about ten dollars They are linked in my Amazon store under kitchen gadgets and that link is in the description box So I'm just going to take that and that is what is going to form my meatballs And I'm just going to pop it into my pan And I'm going to do that until I am completely out of meat mixture and then we'll be ready to get these into the oven So our meatballs are going to go in our oven at 400 degrees for about 20 minutes or until they are cooked through So I just took the meatballs out of the oven. They're just about all the way cooked through I did drain any of the liquid that was in the bottom So now we're going to take our jar of our skinnish dish marinara And we're going to go ahead and add it directly to the top of our meatballs You can remove the meatballs first But I'm just going to add it to the top only because the meatballs are already spaced apart enough We're a little frozen still so I'm going to get this broken up And I'll we'll be back to top it with some cheese and some Italian seasoning once you put your marinara sauce on there You're going to take your cup of fat-free cheese and you're just going to sprinkle it right on top of your meatballs You just want to make sure that they're all fully covered with your cheese And then the last step before this goes back into the oven Well, the second to the last step is we're going to go ahead and drizzle just the tiniest bit of Avocado oil or olive oil whatever you have on hand over the top of the cheese. So that's what I have here So literally just the tiniest amount We're just going to give it a quick drizzle right over the top of the cheese And then we're going to cover this in foil and it's going to go back into the oven for about 20 additional minutes So I just pulled the meatballs out of the oven. They look so good. It smells amazing in here So I have the little bit of fresh parsley that's left over from what I put into the meatballs So I'm going to go ahead and just kind of sprinkle that on top and then on top We're also going to go ahead and add the Italian seasoning and then we're going to get this divided out into our meal prep containers This entire pan only makes for serving so it's going to be quite a lot I'm just going to pair it with a vegetable. So let's get this packaged up I'll be back to show you my lunch and give you the smart points. So here is my lunch for this week I ended up making four lunches only because I don't need a lunch on Christmas Day. So this will make it through the week This looks so delicious. So what we have here is we have four of the meatballs just about four really like one and three Quarters I had to divide it into four equal servings So basically three and three-quarter meatballs with the sauce and the cheese So delicious and I went ahead and just paired it with some Brussels sprouts It's actually the frozen Brussels sprouts from Trader Joe's. They're my very favorite I throw them in my meal prep container frozen. I warm them up add a little spray butter salt and pepper So this looks really good So four three and a half or three and three-quarters of the meatballs It is six smart points and of course my veggies are zero So this is going to be a six smart point lunch I may pair this with something for dessert like some mini meringues from Trader Joe's Or something like that but as of right now my lunch is a total of six smart points For a dessert this week something to help stay on track during the crazy holidays I'm gonna be making WWE pound droppers Apple crisp and I'm very excited about this. I love any kind of crisp It's actually my very very favorite dessert So I'm excited to have this on hand something that's low point but still delicious So let me show you what you're going to need for apple crisp. You're going to need some granny Smith apples Oats you could probably get away with quick cook oats, but I'm just going to use rolled oats flour brown sugar sweetener alternative of your choice I'm going to be using the Lakonto monk fruit sweetener golden You can buy this on the netrition website that link is down in the description box below Along with all of the other monk fruits. That's where you buy fiber gourmet the honey all the things So definitely check it out in the description box Light butter. I'm actually going to sub the Dax pumpkin spice in lieu of the nutmeg and cinnamon and all those other flavors Because this is so delicious and it has all of those flavors that the recipe calls for all rolled into one And what's great about Dax? It is no salt all natural no MSG Fabulous before weigh-in fabulous if you're watching your salt tastes really good and the ingredients are seriously amazing So all that's in here is cinnamon spices and honey So the honey just adds that little extra bit of deliciousness to this seasoning So I'm going to use this in place of the nutmeg and the cinnamon But I am going to go ahead and add a little extra cinnamon just because I love it if you want to pick up Dax There's a link down in the description box. It'll give you 10% off and Free shipping they have over 20 seasonings. I love them. I have all of them You know if you watch my channel, I use them a lot So highly recommend Dax for all of your seasonings. No salt really really good, especially the day before weigh-in We are going to add a little bit of salt to enhance some of the flavors baking powder Corn starch one and a half cups of water and lastly some lemon juice So let's get started on our apple crisp So the first thing that we need to do is get these apples chopped So I am going to peel them and chop them into small pieces. They're gonna go here in this bowl We want about six apples or so. I'm just gonna gauge it on the amount of apples that I have here in my bowl I may do this whole bag. I'm just gonna kind of see how much it produces. So let's get peeling and chopping So once your apples are peeled and chopped we're gonna go ahead and just add a little bit of lemon juice About a teaspoon to two teaspoons Then we're just going to mix it all together We just want to go ahead and coat those apples in the lemon juice They'll kind of start absorbing that then we're gonna grab out another bowl and get started on the rest of our cobbler So now we're gonna get together the base of our crisp. So I have one half of a cup of flour We're also going to add one half of a cup of our rolled oats. I Have one half of a cup of my brown sugar alternative We're gonna help enhance all of those flavors Man, I am like butters today dropping things and then we're gonna add in a little bit of cinnamon That always just makes the apple crisp perfect And then lastly we have our baking powder here and we're gonna go ahead and add in one teaspoon of Baking powder then I'm just gonna use my some teaspoon here and just give this a quick stir You just want to make sure everything gets nice and combined once that's mixed together You're gonna go ahead and cut in about three tablespoons of light butter And then we're actually going to throw this into the refrigerator for about ten minutes Because we want that butter to kind of get hardened and that's really going to just help with the crumble on top of our apples So now once this is in the refrigerator for about ten minutes We're gonna go ahead and start making the filling or the sauce for the apple crisp So all that crumble mix is in the fridge. We're gonna make some sauce to go over our apples So I have one and a half cups of water. So we're gonna add that to just a small sauce pan I'm also going to add three quarters or a cup of the monk fruit golden. So the brown sugar alternative I have a couple tablespoons here of corn starch. That's just going to help really thicken up the sauce We're gonna do just a tiny bit of salt And then I'm gonna add in just that little bit of extra cinnamon for that little pop of flavor and then Lastly, I'm gonna go ahead and add in the best part Which is the Dax pumpkin pie and I'm going to generously add that in We're gonna go ahead and get this on the stove allow it to come to a boil and just continue to whisk until it thickens Once your sauce has thickened look at that. Yum.  Oh my goodness this looks so good It smells so cinnamon-y and spicy, but yet sweet from that brown sugar. So Yum, so then we're gonna go ahead and just mix our apples Combine them really well with that sauce. Oh, this looks so delicious Get that nice and mixed together and then we're gonna put this into a prepared Baking dish at our crumble and get this into the oven. I did preheat my oven to 375 degrees. All right, everything is mixed together. So we're gonna put this here into our Baking dish. I did spray it of course with some non-stick cooking spray Then we're gonna go ahead and pull that crumble out of the fridge and add it directly to the top All right, look at that that looks delicious and then we're gonna add that crumble I just pulled it out of the fridge So it's a nice and cold and we're just going to sprinkle it right over the top here of our apples Just make sure you get a little crumb goodness on every corner here And then this is going to go into the oven again at 375 We want to cook it until our apples are boiling because we want to make our bubbly I should say because we want to make sure that our apples are cooked completely through so we'll get this spread out We'll get this into the oven 15 to 18 minutes or so just keep an eye on the corners when you see those apples bubbling You know that your crisp is done. So here is our WW pound dropper apple crisp you guys look at this This sauce is cinnamony and thick like caramel smells so good. So I'm gonna let this cool for a little bit I'm actually not going to plate it up because we're gonna have it for dessert tonight and then throughout the week But I'm gonna give you the point so you can have in half of a cup serving and this pan and you guys this is full is Six serving so it's approximately a half of a cup or six equal servings I'll go ahead and give you the points for all the plans It is three smart points on both green and blue and those of you on purple It is only two smart points. So what an absolutely delicious dessert Let me show you too a couple of things that you can add to the top of this to kind of jazz it up and sweeten it up Even more the first thing you could top your crisp with is some fat free ready with you can have up to five tablespoons for zero Point so that's kind of a nice thing to add to the top or you can go ahead and add some of the smucker Sunday syrup This is the caramel. It depends on how much you use. I'll put the points here on the screen for a serving Two tablespoons is a serving and I want to say it's three points, but it'll be here on the screen So you could drizzle some of this caramel over the top So you have some options if you did want to add a little topping, but this looks absolutely delicious So you can't beat it for two to three smart points depending on the plan that you're on So here are my snacks for the week. So first let's start with the smash mellows I am going to have one of these as my dessert with lunch. This candy cane one is so good Here's what they look like. They are a pepperminty marshmallow coated with like a candy coating They're only one smart point of peace. So really really low points kind of cures that sweet tooth gluten-free. They're made with real ingredients They're really really delicious. So that's going to be my dessert with lunch And then of course my morning snack as always is going to be a bill bar I'll just change up my flavor throughout the days, but I just pulled out a black cherry chocolate cream Definitely check out bill bar. There are only three smart points on any plan with the exception of the peanut butter It is for smart points just because it is made with organic peanut butter and does have little chunks of peanuts throughout So it is a point more well worth it. My friends well worth it. So bill bars three smart points There's your nutritional information. These taste like a candy bar. They do not taste like a protein bar I mean legit candy bar and three points. You can't beat it coated in chocolate really delicious I do have a 10% off discount code for bill bar It is here on the screen and that will also give you 10% or I'm sorry 10% off and free shipping and down in the description box Is a link if you click the link it'll automatically take you to bill bar and automatically apply the 10% and free shipping So it just kind of saves you a step, but highly recommend I you want every day It's what keeps me full between breakfast and lunch and kind of cures that sweet tooth So check out bill bar and then I'm gonna have a little itty-bitty pretzel Snack these are delicious. I love these you can have 53 of these little pretzels for four smart points So that is a great deal. They are small. I don't know. It's kind of hard to see them I mean, they're small, but you can have 53 of them for four points So I like to have these just as that crunchy salty snack in the afternoon So I'm gonna be having those so those are my snacks for the week Definitely head on over and check out bill bar use my code to save that 10% and get free shipping Thank you for joining me on this week's ww meal prep I do follow the green plan so all the points are for the green plan now If you're interested in the points for blue and purple just head on over to my Facebook group join the group and You have access to all of the files that have all of my recipes that I've ever shared on my channel So it is chocked full of hundreds of recipes and we do give you the points for blue and purple over there as well If you're new to my channel, I'd like to welcome you We're about to head into 2020 and I have some amazing things coming your way So definitely hit that little subscribe button and the little bell that way you're notified whenever I upload thumbs up If you love meal prep and of course leave those comments down below Let me know what was your favorite recipe that I shared with you And what is the one that you absolutely have to try? I want to wish you guys a very very merry Christmas We are just a couple of days away And I hope that you enjoy spending time with your friends and family and don't focus on weight watchers Focus on the people you're with during the holidays. Thank you guys so much for watching. I love you and I'll see you next time


Hello I am Dr. Murli Krishna, consultant cardiac surgeon at Manipal Hospital in Bangalore. Sometimes the scar is extremely small, it can vary from 3 cm to around 5 cm depending on what the lesion is and depending on the weight of the patient. And since it is in a completely hidden area of the body, the scar is sometimes not seen if the patient do not wish to disclose to anyone that they are having a hard procedure, they may not disclose it because no one will be able to see the scar because it is in a completely hidden area of the body. So that is the main advantage, if you look like that the main advantage of it is also cosmetic because patients other relatives or any relatives of the patient will not know that the patient is undergoing a hard procedure.


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Several years ago, I battled heavily with anxiety. Over the course of this struggle, my fear progressively, incrementally robbed me of life and joy. For some reason, I developed a fear of riding in cars. I can't explain why that became the fixation of my fear. All I know is that I was afraid. Every time I heard of an accident, read about car accident statistics, or saw wreckage on the side of the road, my fear would intensify. After a while, I began avoiding freeways, then I began avoiding driving. Then I began avoiding even being a passenger in a car. Eventually, I was stuck, trapped in my own irrational snare of what-ifs. Thankfully, that mentality didn't have a hold on my mind for too long, but my experience with anxiety and fear has given me insight on how fear works. Fear begins with the question, what if? What if the worst should happen? What if I am harmed? What if this? What if that? That question then becomes a fixation. That fixation eventually becomes a bondage, slowly, incrementally, progressively, eventually. Fear robs you of life. For God hath not given us the spirit of fear, but of power and of love and of a sound mind. Second Timothy 1-7, God didn't create you to live in fear. It's an insult to our Creator to squander the potential of life because of fear. When you fix your mind on a worry, that worry becomes the center of your life. It's one thing to take caution as you live your life. It's another thing entirely to allow a fear to become your life. It's not just harmful to live in fear, it's immoral. Fear will always assume the worst case scenario. You won't ever be able to enjoy anything that God has gifted to you because you'll always be looking for what's lurking in the very next moment. Fear makes you irrational. It's wisdom to be aware of risks and to do your part to avoid them. It's foolish to put your life on hold until all risks are gone.  Is it wisdom to halt all traffic until the day all traffic accidents are prevented? When you take your loved ones to enjoy a meal, you're risking your life and the lives of others. Should we close all restaurants until the government can prevent all food poisoning accidents and choking hazards? The most dangerous thing you'll ever do is live. Caution, yes. Paranoia, no. Fear makes you panic. Fear has the power to blow things so far out of proportion that it's impossible to live. If you set your mind on something often enough and intentionally enough, it's place in your thoughts grows. That's how panic sets in. It's amazing how panic works. There could be thousands of other risks and dangers present in the world. But panic will cause you to arbitrarily single out some specific risk or danger. With all the dangers that life presents, panic will scream, everyone put your life on hold until this one specific issue is dealt with. And it's nonsensical, irrational, tragic, all irrational fear, no matter what it's about, will eventually lead to this conclusion. Let's all stay sheltered until nothing bad ever happens again. And fear makes you selfish. Fearful people can easily become selfish people. In an attempt to protect themselves, they demand that others too become just as fearful and panicked as they are. Fear encourages you to attempt control over those around you. I used to do that. Whenever I was in the car, I wouldn't let my loved ones drive on the freeway. The risk I was at willing to take became the risk I wouldn't let others take. I would make them feel bad for causing me to be afraid, but I discovered that's just manipulation. Now of course, I'm not denying that there are very real dangers in the world. And wisdom avoids unnecessary or excessive risk. And some people are more vulnerable to certain dangers than others. That's all to be considered. But don't allow fear to make you put your life on hold.  Stand up against fear. Resist, resist, resist the irrational at all costs. Don't back down.  That's the right thing to do, the selfless thing to do, the moral thing to do, the godly thing to do. I'm David Diga Hernandez and that is Your Moment of Truth. For more free teachings like this, make sure you're signed up to my email list so that I can send you weekly emails with content that will help you to grow spiritually. Go to davidhernandezministries.com slash email. Thank you for watching EncounterTV. Don't forget to subscribe and click the notification bell. Also, help us spread the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit. Make a one-time donation or become a monthly supporter by clicking on the donate link now.