The Cavalcade of America, presented by Dupont. This evening, the Dupont Cavalcade brings you the story of the Pine Tree Shilling, the first coin to be minted in America. Since their arrival in the New World, the settlers had depended on the odd assortment of foreign coins that found their way into the colonnades. This first coinage was one of the things that gave the colonists a sense of freedom that finally led to the creation of an independent nation. Today, the efforts of our research chemists in the development of our rich national resources make a vital contribution to our national independence. The ideals of these men are aptly summed up in the Dupont pledge, better things for better living, through chemistry. As an overture, Don Voriz and his Dupont Cavalcade Orchestra play one alone from Sigmund Romberg's operetta, The Desert Song. Dupont Cavalcade moves forward, present day. In an old colonial type home in Boston, an elderly gentleman is seated comfortably talking with a small boy who is stretched out on the rug at his feet. Well, Bobby, you seem to know a great deal about those coins in your collection.   See the Spanish doubloons? I bet it came to Boston in a pirate ship. Well, your guess is as good as mine. But where did you get the doubloons? Jimmy Jackson found it in their attic in an old trunk. I gave him four rides on my bicycle for it. Well, here's something I found tucked away in my desk today. How'd you like to add this to your collection? Grandpa, it's a pine tree shelling. I recognize it from my coin book. Gosh, it's really old, isn't it? 1652. Do you mean I can have it? Of course. Now, that's a remarkable piece of money, Bobby. It's more interesting to me than all the rest of your collection put together. It's our first American coinage. There was a time when the colonists couldn't even buy things from each other. They didn't have any money of their own, just coins from here and there. They made everything they needed. You see, every man had a craft or business in those days. But they had difficult times swapping things around so that everyone had what he wanted. Just as you and Jimmy do with your stamp and coin collection. I see. For instance, around 1650, there was Christopher Stanley the tailor, and William Church the baker, Jonathan Green the carpenter. Now, we'll suppose Jonathan Green is sawing a board in the workshop behind his house. His apprentice Samuel is holding a board for him. Hey, hold the plank steady, Samuel. I can't saw it right in square. I'm sitting on as hard as I can, Master. Hey, you need more weight, lad. You must eat more. Yes, Master. And another two years and you'll be mastering your own right within the princes of your own. Ah, I look forward to that day, Master Green. Oh, satisfied with the way you're treated, eh? Oh, no, Master Green. You've been as good a master as any apprentice lad could want, but a lad does have his dreams. I know what you mean. Ah, here. Here's sixpence for you, lad. Un-English sixpence. For me, a sixpence? Catch? Area? Oh, thank you, Master Green. Drop it in the plate at church on Sunday. Ah, that I will, sir. Up to this time, a dozen eggs from the geese is all I could offer as reverence. Wait till Miss Betsy Hull turns her head your way, then flip the sixpence into the plate with a good, cheery clink, eh? That'll make her sit up and take notice. Master, how did you know? It's all right, my lad. I was young once myself and I know all the tricks. Yes. Right grateful I am, sir. Quick. Get to work, lad. You work for me. Yes, sir. Just Master Christopher Stanley, the tailor, coming up the road. Eh, we must be busy. Yes, Master. At first, don't notice him. There's room where he wants a new shop field. I must get the best price I can for my work. I see. What has the Lord just passed in the magistrate's court? A carpenter to earn no more than two shillings for each day's work. Eh, Master Stanley will not wish to pay me in the hard money I like. Only Captain John Hull has paid me in metal. I'll wager the double loan to your English six months. Master Stanley will offer me instead a number of suits, half the value of the work. Eh, keep this in mind. Here he is, now. Good day, Master Green. Good day, lad. Master. Eh? What do you mean? Oh! Yes, Master Stanley. Eh, good day, dear neighbor. Good day. I was so busy, didn't see you. I'll tell you what I'm here for if you're not busy to listen. Oh, I can spare a moment, and it'll be worth your time. I need a new building for my work. I have two new apprentices, and the house is much too small to work in. Each day my wife threatens to sweep us out with the cinders from the house. And I want a new building, twenty feet square with a roof sloping to the east, a large window with a glass in it at the north, and one at the west. When could you do the work, and what would the cost be? Eh, you say your business prospers these days? That is not what I said. I ask you the cost. Eh, you'll pay in good English silver? You know I can do no such thing. My business is good, it's true. But my customers are mostly men of the soil and artisans like yourself. Master Thomas Beale made me a great oaken barrel, and I made him some woolen breeches. Farmer Pollard filled the barrel with apples, and I made him another pair of breeches with a double seat. Now to you, I offer a fair number of woolen suits, of the best cloth, the best cut, and sewed with the greatest care. Eh, toss me the sixman, Samuel. Aye, sir. Thank you, lad. It is hard money like this I take from my work, Master Stanley. I want none of your shoots, be they the best or the worst. Am I to understand you're not needing new clothes? No offense, neighbor. But as a plain fact, spoken by a plain man, you're as shabby a sight as I've seen in many a days. And in my opinion... No offense, neighbor, but will you keep your opinions to yourself? As you wish. But I should think you'd like the value of professional counsel. Your Honor, sir. It is Mr. Green calling, Master. Eh, think I'm deaf, lad, I can hear, eh? Ask your wife what she thinks about your need of clothes. Your Honor, sir. Your Honor, sir. I'm here, wife.  Not the church is here. I owe him for the wheat bread. Shall I pay him with the doubloons or with the king's shilling? Oh, get rid of the Spanish guilty, you never can tell when a shipload will be dumped upon us and take from the value of the stuff we have on hand. And yet you want me to pay you in coin. Mr. Green, tell me if I'm wrong. I want your husband to build me a new house and I've offered to pay him with the equivalent in clothes. Eh, how many suits do you think I want? I'll take one suit and the rest in silver. Take two suits, John. Eh? Well, all right, two. But not a button, all more. What do you take me for? A London stage player who needs a different wiscuit. Every time he prances in view of the rubble. Two suits it is and the rest in silver. I can't do it, Mr. Green. I haven't the money. I told you, my customers pay me in kind. Jonathan, why don't you build a shop for Master Stanley and let him supply you with clothes and suits for the next ten years or all up to the value of your labor? Eh, and me not knowing if he'll die of the plague before the week is over? Well, and furthermore, how could we pay Master Church the baker if the next four weeks of my labor goes for clothes, eh? Well, I never thought of that. And Pady must be, for here he comes, wondering what's become of me. Eh, you're pardoned, Mr. Green, but I have my rounds to make. Ah, Master Green. Ah, good day to you, Master Church. And Master Stanley. Good day to you, sir. Just a man I've been meaning to see. I think you'll agree, I'm much in need of new clothes, almost in rags for a fact. Now, if I could strike a portrait with you, Master Stanley, and return for clothes, eh, bread, let us say, for a year. My wife makes all the bread my family consumes, but I'll make a bargain with you. If you'll supply Master Green here with bread for the year to come, I'll furnish your need in a parallel up to two suits, a cloak and an extra pair of breeches. It is none of my affair, but since when did you take to paying for your neighbor's bread? Don't worry about that. It will be a fair exchange all round.   Here's your sixpence back. What good is hard money in this barbarous place? They've forgotten the very use of money here. And that's the way they used to bargain, Bobby. That had caused a lot of trouble today, wouldn't it? With all the debate, and it took them to settle things, is to wonder everyone in New England didn't become lawyers. What they needed was their own system of coining. But the king didn't want them to be so well able to take care of themselves that they could be independent of the mother country. And there was one thing that they were not supposed to do, coin money. But the colonists were an independent lot. They knew what was needed. And one day, right in Boston, in 1652, they called a meeting. Quiet, please, quiet. Quiet, please. Master Beale would like to present a motion. Mr. Chairman, I propose that we let Captain Hall go on with his plan. Do you make this as a motion, Mr. Beale? Yes, sir. I move you that Captain John Hall strike us a silver coin for use here in the colony. Let King George have his sixpence and his shillings and his guineas. Let us establish a currency of our own. You have all heard Master Beale's motion. I second it. I made and seconded that we have a mint and money system of our own. Will those in favor of such action sing out with a lusty eye? Eye. Contrary, no. The motion is carried. We shall have our own money in the colony and through the bottom of the sea with your spanish soul.  Let all folk bring what silver they have and you turn it into coin for them. And have you any suggestion as to your recompense? Mr. Chairman, may I propose that for every 20 shillings I stamp, I take one for myself? Quiet, please. Quiet. I think that is fair and just. Captain Hall, you know, offers his service to the colony in the face of strict orders from the king that we may have no money of our own. It is his skin he puts in jeopardy and so it is well he must be paid. If there are no objections, I will put the motion. All those in favor, say, eye. Eye. So Captain John Hall the goldsmith was appointed to start the first mint in the colonies and many old family pieces of silver were brought in to be melted. You mean knives and spoons? Yes, and silver, tankards and goblets and all manner of things. The people were allowed to see their deposits melted and assayed. Now, suppose we imagine a typical scene in Captain Hall's shop. He and his partner, Robert Sanderson, are busily engaged in their work. See who it is, Robert. Hi, Captain Hall. Well, I dropped this... whatever you call it into the melding pot. What is it, do you think, sir? Well, it's beyond me, Robert. More strange objects come into the shop of late than I've seen in my lifetime. Well, in it goes. That is good to watch the molten silver. Oh, I forgot someone is at the door. Hi, Mr. Green. Good morrow. How may we serve you? Good day, Captain. Good day, Mr. Green. I trust you're a good husband. You're a good husband, too, as well. Quite well, thank you, Captain Hall.  Very well, thank you. I have heard that young Sam Sewell, who used to be my husband's apprentice, is quite a caller here these days. Likely young man. Well, Mr. Green, surely you didn't come to speak of Betsy and Samuel? Well, no, Captain. I brought this silver tankard. Do you think it might be melted into? Let's look at it. It's a Viking vessel in the Green family, these many generations, so I've been told. For myself, I'm glad to be rid of it. Will you transform it by your magic into bright new shilling with the pretty picture of the tree? Well, let's see it. By careful cutting, how many shillings do you think you can make of it? Isn't that just like a woman? By careful cutting. It's not a bit of timber like your husband uses that we deal with here. Wave the tankard, Robert. Aye, sir. I'll put it on the scale. Take coins to an ounce of the metal, Mr. Green. Oh. Oh, is that the way you do it? Also, we have to test the purity of the silver, but that's a simple matter. It's a heavy tankard, Captain Holm. Well, we figure 100 shillings for every 15 ounces of silver. This should make you a neat pile of shillings, Mr. Green. Perhaps you'd like to watch the way we work? I would, indeed. Well, watch, Sanderson. First, he takes the exact volume of the object. He drops it in this tub of water. You notice the tub's full up to the spout where it can run out. Water that runs out is caught in this measuring vessel. What says it, Robert? Ten cubits, sir. And the weight of the tankard? I've written it down. Here it is, sir. That's heavy for ten cubits in volume. That means, Mr. Green, that it's nearly pure. Not much other metal in it. That's why it's so battered. Pure silver's soft, you know. The coins themselves are not as pure as this tankard. They contain much copper. You mean I'll get more coins than the tankard? I mean, if I drop the shillings in the tub, more water'd run out than when you drop the tankard in. That's right. Well, is that all the magic there is to it? Oh, there's more to baking a cake than this. Well, I'll not believe it. Sanderson, how many shillings do you figure out? Well, as I reckon it, sir, 60 shillings. I get 60 shillings. Minus three. One out of each 20 is ours. Oh, I know the rulings. And what's next? Drop the tankard into the stew, Sanderson. Aye, sir. Do I get no receipt for the tankard? Well, you want the shillings now, don't you? Oh, yes, but don't I have to wait until... Nay, nay. Mr. Sanderson is already taking them from yonder barrel and counting them out. A barrel of shillings? Well, I thought I got the same shillings. I mean, those made for my tankard, I didn't understand. The shillings he's counting out for you have had all shapes and forms. Old sword hilt, buckles, broken spoons, and silver buttons. Aye, and raw bullion, taken from Spanish galleons by buccaneers, I'll warrant. These pirates put into port here, you know, and give the step and return for ship's provisions. The tradesmen who serve them bring it in here to be coined. 57, 58, 59, 60. Minus these three for our commission. Here you are, Mr. Green. 57 shillings. Thank you, sirs, and good day to you. May you prosper in your business. To serve as you're doing the country, I bring in an old tankard into the shop and go away with a purse full of bright shillings. Oh, it's a fine country we're living in. Good day to you. Good day to you. Good day. And it's a fine fortune you're making, Captain, with one of every 20 shillings for yourself. Aye, but it is a fair bargain I'm taking. A fair bargain. And that's how Captain Howell made the pine tree shillings. Did he get rich, Grandfather? Oh, so they say. There's a story told about how he gave a great many of his shillings away. Hawthorne told it in his twice-told tales. But many people say it's a legend rather than true history. However, it's come down through the years, and it's amusing anyway. What was it, Grandfather? It was the occasion of his daughter Betsy's wedding to young Samuel Sewell. You remember how Jonathan Green, the carpenter, gave young Sam Sewell his apprentice the sixpence for the collection play, together with some advice on how to win the favor of Captain Howell's daughter Betsy? Well, Captain Howell is receiving the congratulations of his guests after the ceremony. Well, well, well, did I ever think to see the day when young John Howell would be marrying off a full-grown daughter? Just look at Mrs. Howell. There, across the room. Radiant, isn't she? She's so happy about her daughter. It looks to me as if she's weeping. Of course she's weeping. She's happy. What? It's a fine young man Betsy's marrying. Young Sewell's not been known to Miss Church in a prayer meeting since the day he was old enough to puddle. And he's handsome, too. Yes, yes, and he's going to be the best master carpenter in the colony. I taught him. Well, good evening, Mrs. Green. Well, I hoped he, body. I didn't see you. Isn't it a lovely wedding? Well, it's lovely enough. And what a beautiful bride. Yes, pretty, but she's rather large. Large? Well, Bucksum, I suppose you'd call it. Of course the young man has a strange taste today. I, uh, I understand that she set her cap for him. No one but Betsy ever had a chance to win, Sam. It's a real love match. Why, Betsy told me herself that he never so much as mentioned a dollar. Oh, isn't that romantic? Now, of course, if Betsy would only curb her taste, but sweet me. Well, I'm sure that Sam will love her just as she is. Yes, Hope. And if ever you should marry, I entrust you make as good a wife as Betsy will. We'll be honest. Hey, play it. Play it. The bridegroom is going to speak. All right. All right. All I can say is that I'm the luckiest man in the world. And again, let me thank you for all your kindness. Oh, bravo, bravo. John, look what the servants are bringing. Good. Hey, it looks like a huge pair of heels. Well, that's what it is. Well, odd things at a wedding, eh? Hey, large, aren't they? For weighing green or fish? One moment, my friend. Play it now. Play it, play it. Betsy, get into the scales. What? Yes, Father. What is this going to do? Is he going to make Samuel pay for this? I don't know. Where's that box over here? Here's the key. Well, look. They're shoveling the shillings into the other side of the scales. Now, we raise the girl down. Put in the shillings, and you're way right off the floor. We're shillings to do that. What do you know about that? Not even now, Captain. Lucky for me that young people in love eat so sparingly. Pretty pile of shillings that have cost me a tax. Here's Samuel Taker. And the shillings as well. Use the girl kindly, my son, and count yourself lucky. It isn't every wife that's worth her weight in silver. So Captain Hall gave his daughter, as her dowry, her weight in silver shillings. You know, Bobby, these shillings really did a lot for this country. They made trade easier in the colonies. And the more that industry developed, the better able the colonists were to take care of themselves. The more independent they felt. And you know what that feeling of independence finally led to. Oh, sure. The Declaration of Independence that we celebrate on the Fourth of July. Right, son. So you take good care of that pine tree shilling.  DuPont salutes the colonists who started America's first independent system of coinage with a pine tree shilling as gallant leaders in the cavalcade of America. Here is a story of how DuPont chemists and engineers in striving to make one product by a new method opened the door to the development of 80 other products to serve America's needs. Up to 1925, the United States had to import most of its nitrogen-bearing compounds from foreign countries that happened to have natural deposits of the necessary ore. These compounds are needed by farmers in the form of fertilizers for raising crops and by industry for making products as far apart as ice and dynamite. So 12 years ago, DuPont started to build at Bell, West Virginia, a gleaming new plant. Residents of the quiet little river town were sure that someone had gone crazy when they heard that this new plant was designed to use air as a raw material in making chemicals. But it is now history that after many trials and tribulations, the DuPont chemists and engineers accomplished what they set out to do and a great deal more. By taking nitrogen from the surrounding atmosphere and hydrogen from the river water and combining them with the aid of heat and terrific pressures, DuPont chemists were able to produce ammonia, a complicated chemical process indeed. But the resulting ammonia may be used as a refrigerant for ice making and also can be further processed to yield fertilizer ingredients and nitric acid for commercial explosives and many other useful purposes. This DuPont plant not only has given America a domestic source of nitrogen compounds but also has made possible a variety of entirely new and useful developments. One of the 80 new products is methanol, used today to make everything from electrical fixtures to fuel for outboard motors. Ten years ago, about 500,000 gallons of synthetic methanol were produced. Last year, the production was more than 25 million gallons. And the original price, a dollar and ten cents per gallon has been brought down until it is now only 33 cents a gallon. Some of the other products, when first made at the Bell Plant, were known as chemical curiosities, handled in vials and priced in dollars per ounce. Now however, they are commercial commodities handled in tank cars and priced in cents per gallon. But chemist and engineers are never satisfied. They're working in DuPont plants and laboratories all over the country to achieve new developments, constant improvements, greater production and lower prices. Thus making good to DuPont pledge better things for better living through chemistry. Luther Burbank, the story of the plant wizard and his contributions to horticulture, will be the subject of the broadcast when next week, at the same time, DuPont again presents the Cavalcade of America. This is the Columbia Broadcasting System.


and welcome everybody. So I've got about 25 minutes or so to go through a pretty deep topic, so I will speak pretty quickly but hopefully keep you guys for those 25 minutes and happy to answer any question whatsoever once the video cameras turn off to any degree or any level. So a little bit about myself. I'm over 20 years in the world of cybersecurity, started off self taught, became a hacker so to speak. These days I'm an advisor to the likes of NATO, the Obama administration. I work with Mandiant in the area of cybersecurity around the world. So essentially when there are big attacks, large-scale attacks, people like myself will turn up and help deal with those attacks. We'll also help advise governments as well as large enterprises, Fortune 500 on how to deal with this sort of threat space. So if anybody hasn't heard of Mandiant, this isn't a sales page but just simply Google Mandiant and you'll find out that's better but these are the top authorities in relation to cybersecurity that would put Mandiant up in the top space and I would also have them there and that's why I recently joined them because they certainly own this space. So there's nothing in life that's certain but death and taxes and being hacked. If you're not already hacked you will be hacked at some stage or you already are. The average crime that we find that somebody has been hacked is about 243 days.  In some cases well over a year and one of they're doing, they're extracting data for different reasons. We can talk about some of those reasons. So I'll split this presentation sort of into two halves. The first half I'm going to tell you all about cyber threats that I'm going to talk about from a sort of senior executive leaders perspective, the sort of things you need to do to deal with this sort of stuff. So my daughter asked me recently what do you do and I said well look it's a bit like fire extinguishers, we put fires out. People generally call us when there's something wrong, their system is being attacked, being degraded in some way, information is stored. But what we also do which is just as important is the smoke alarm side of it. It's actually the prevention side being able to put in controls and detections to stop this sort of stuff happening or detect when it is because it's inevitable that these attacks will occur. So cyber threats.  That's not my intention today but I will tell you some through the web stuff. I see cyber threats like a Venn diagram.  You know people that did the praying children and the more vulnerable online. All of these things they do not operate on silos, they interrelate with each other. So terrorists will get involved with cyber crime to make money to perpetrate the terrorism and so on. So they don't operate in silos. However sometimes our approach is in silos when we try and deal with this sort of stuff. You know we'll have a child protection unit or we'll have a fraud unit or whatever but it all interfaces with each other. So there's bird lines and that's what I refer to as evil because all different parts of this whether it's credit card frauds, whether it's a decent imagery of children, whatever it has to be. All of these things are basically evil. So is this real? This whole cyber warfare stuff? Absolutely. I mean we see it in the States since May 2010. They put a four-star general in charge of the cyber command unit there. So they see you know the comments referred to this as the fifth domain. So in relation to war terms we've got land, sea, air, space and now cyber space and it has to be protected. Obama has referred to this as the digital infrastructure, the national asset and an attack on that digital infrastructure is an act of war. So that's compelling especially when it gets to things like what is an act of war, what is criminality when it comes to to deal with these issues. So this is something that's deadly serious in some countries we're seeing conscription within the armies to hire hackers and so on and bring them in and actually train them up and use them for defensive purposes as well as offensive purposes which I'll get on to in a moment. We hear a lot in the media about all the things like you know Assange, WikiLeaks, we hear about groups like Anonymous, Lilsek, what are they all about? Basically because the internet is such a fantastic communication tool lots of like-minded people can be coordinated and pulled together to do one particular thing whatever that has to be. It could be that they decide that they don't like a particular payment provider like Mastercard or something and they'll all attack them, a particular government or whatever. I was speaking in Jordan not so long ago and I remember I had sort of desensitized my slides because I didn't want to offend anybody you know with that but just towards the end of the presentation this gentleman came running up towards me and he was screaming in Arabic and I was like oh god why are you doing that now what have you said now to offend somebody. But he was head of the cyber command in Jordan and the only thing they were interested in is how do you switch off social media because that's controlling the masses. So social media is controlling masses. We've seen that with civil unrest over in the UK and so on all organised through Twitter, Facebook, I live in Malachi there was massive riots there in Port Mary Beach all organised on Facebook and things like that so it's a tool for for drawing people together very quickly so authorities are watching through this. What does it mean in numbers terms? In numbers terms these are the cabinet office statistics in the UK basically 2% of the GDP of the United Kingdom is spent on cyber crime. To me that's conservative type of statistics based on the sort of crimes I see and the sort of tax I see as well. 27 billion a year that's a thousand pounds a second, 170,000 IDs are stolen, 39.2 billion. In real terms this is seen as a trillion dollar economy. This has surpassed drug trafficking and the reason being you're not going to get shot you're not going to have something burst in your stomach it's an easier time to get involved with and you can make a lot more money and the chances get a cut are pretty much zero. So they're the drivers that make people go into this instead of now drug trafficking and things like that so it is so a little bit of some break down there. So some other reasons why people might get into this is the recession has turned people to the dark side people need money. When they're internally within organizations it's sometimes easy to turn people to the dark side. I spoke earlier on over the lunch about some people being blackmailed as well in this space and being turned and coerced to the dark side. Relatively safe crime you don't generally read in the media about people being arrested for this sort of stuff or certainly going to jail they tend to get away with it and the people who are behind these sort of threats of crimes are the nation states or sophisticated criminal groups and organized crimes so they would use vulnerable people. We've seen cases where a lot of the people who are may suffer from Asperger syndrome so form of autism and they'll be weaker more vulnerable people who get brought into this sense of community online because they live their lives online and they feel I'm part of this gang I'm doing something good they don't really draw that moral compass dilemma of is this a crime or is this something I'm cool I'm part of a gang online and that's like we see things like politically motivated the Syrian electronic army is that a nation state or is that a group of young individuals who have decided and I get some backing from big supporters that aren't you know like Iraq or Atlanta or whatever it happens to be. There's this guy if anybody knows him he's behind the biggest ever David Theft in the world anybody know him? So it's Bradley Manning he is Chelsea Manning now started off a nice little guy and decided that you know he had a moral issue with what was going on around the data and leaked all of the records and the cables and so on. We've got this guy who's in the news all the time Edward Snowden the impact he has had on America being able to sell the technology and solutions across the world is profound it really is because now people are very you know cautious of this to me what's the surprise do you not think things are being listened into and they have the ability I mean I remember eight ten years ago they're both being in London and in a seminar talk similar to this I'd send an email and the first email would go from email address one to two and I'd say here's my holiday snaps and the second one would say Clinton assassination attempt and the other email would get there first because Clinton assassination attempt was rebooted to tell them and was checked because of the keywords in it of course things are monitored you know and I'm not defending or anything I'm just saying we do as that we have this for the latest US appropriations bill this is an FBI slide here and it's hard to see the detail but this is from the FBI site where they're showing the difference between the counterfeit Cisco equipment that has been developed by the Chinese and put in the market and some of the coding on the chips has been changed and this has had to spot the difference because the federal government is starting to use compromised equipment within their supply chain and that has led to wording such as such systems being produced manufactured or assembled by one or more entries that are owned directed subsidized by the people from over China has to go through special tests so and I see this very very often in relation to what is going on with equipment and nation states being involved in cyber espionage by way of illustration of some of the technologies available out there one of the groups that we'll often mention that groups like anonymous and so on it's not all bad and anonymous would say their ideological base so it depends on whether you agree with their ideology but one of the things they did was that they attacked a company called HB Gary released all their emails and one of those emails because this guy HB Gary was basically saying he knew who everybody was anonymous so they released all his emails and one of those emails proved that there was a security company selling cyber weapons online and you were able to get weapons which were worked almost like a computer game you could get packs for western europe you could see the parliament buildings the air truck control system so on see what vulnerabilities they were and you could sign up and subscribe to their botnets which was their attack army for like to bring down whatever you wanted so you get the power so in essence six million dollars would put you in the cyber terrorism game that you could actually affect the critical mass infrastructure of a country and those companies had deals with the likes of you know well-known providers in the space so people would see them as a bona fide company but but they essentially wouldn't that business um this lady i like because she speaks very clearly about what she means barnish neville jones is the ex cyber security minister in the uk and she said look this is a bit like terrorism the world of cyber crime forget about going to law enforcement for attribution and getting people arrested you have to look at disrupting the activities of cyber criminals and people like that and rely on the private sector for solutions to help you in this space the government would look after critical mass infrastructure and if you look at the database critical mass infrastructure that will include things like statues bridges that sort of stuff as well it's not always the stuff like atm's and the stuff we need actually to keep society going out of the database so it's not what you think is perhaps on the list in the space they've been very proactive in this space Cameron has got together all the major leaders they've put together a website and some other efforts around protecting critical mass infrastructure with name dropping on wednesday and over to present some Westminster to reflect in relation to uk resilience and how can the uk survive a storm around cyber if an attack is because most of these attacks over have not degraded networks of performance they have simply been on listening extracting data those sort of things but what if they change their approach and their way on that so uh mandiant has actually helped uh the the uk develop a standard for instant response handling i won the only couple certified so any government body that's attacked in the uk now knows that there's a list of people you go to to help you and that's those things are concrete things that then people can say well actually i understand this i'm not sure who to deal with the market who are the experts so things like that i find very useful um if i haven't convinced you enough in this very short period of time on the on the cyber threats i would encourage you to read what we call the apg one report on mandiant's website which is a report where we provided absolute concrete evidence that the chinese were running a unit within the rami to extract data from corporations in the united states and they were stealing all of that information the secret source the code all that good stuff that was being taken so at this point you go never use my phone again and we use it up top again the insense of bad thing the insense of brilliant thing um you know and i'm not here to to spread fear and certainty or doubt in relation to things but we need to realize that there's lots of threats and different forms in this cyberspace that we that we need to deal with so what do we do how do we handle this there's lots of different ways to approach that lots of different ways to handle one of those is through cyber governments generally speaking within this space uh this ends up within corporations being a it issue or those techy guys will look after that so that's the it security they'll do with that now responsibility is at the top you have to have the processes in place you have to have the nose place all those sort of things around doing this whether you're running a country whether you're running a global enterprise it's not coming it comes from the boss now who actually is responsible for dealing with this and putting all of those things that those uh supporting is in place so i see governance as like the steering wheel keeping the wheels on the car going in the direction where the business is going and those processes are a bit like sat nav that you need to put in place in relation to direct you as you're going from point a to point b with your business as your business model changes the landscape changes the threat landscape changes so what are the top 10 things uh that we can do in this space firstly board members should stay informed um you can't bury your head in the sand um i know we've got some leading experts here as well from uh person rather cocks and so on we would gladly i'm sure they're forming but the night kind of relation to the laws around this sort of space but if we look at even things like the european convention cybercrime and we look at uh how directors can be potentially held personally uh responsible um if they haven't taken all the actions they could have taken uh to prevent their systems being used as part of a cybercrime that's very interesting what's embarrassing for me as an irish man is to stand here in front of you and find that that we're on a short list of countries who haven't ratified the european convention cybercrime but we're in company like russia and china who would be seen as the main perpetrators of of uh cyber threats and criminality in the world uh i'm not sure what the reasons are for that but that's something we could talk about later uh responsibility the board should assign and make somebody responsible for this this is a risk issue so this generally should be speaking with a chief risk officer or a response for a risk within the organization not the it department uh they're not the people to to control this uh within an organization that can help out resources the board should allocate sufficient resources for all of the management activities involved in this one interesting statistic around this is that 20 percent of all at time these days goes on compliance compliance doesn't equal security but organizations are more fearful about being compliant than actually keeping the system secure so compliance has actually killed security in a way uh in in that space so it definitely doesn't lead to compliance it should make sure whatever you do doesn't breach the law i mean i've often been comic into a uh a situation where for example something monday like a phishing attack where they send out thousands of emails pretending to be a b bank or something like that and so the bank or wherever that entity is may contact me and say well what should we do should should we uh attack the site that's hosted in the age of like you can't do things like that because they're generally sitting on another comp on another compromise computer so you're going to take down something other than your cosmetic crime to do those things you need to make sure whatever you're doing is compliant with the law communication key within an organization we look at it in the banking crisis if i want to support one failure realm that was communication about between regulations what people thought was being done the directors on the board i mean you look at the emembrothers one of the directors was an 83 year old actress um what experts teased that lady have in relation to uh running a financial institution so as an emembrother so you have to have the right people on the board provided the right advice at the end of the day um reports that the board should get regular reports in relation to the status of cyber threats um and what is pertinent to your business this isn't about going out and seeing the top 10 risks because they might be pertinent to your business if you're in the mobile telco sector you need the risks pertinent to you if you're geopolitically uh based in and more sensitive zones and you need to be aware if there's activity in those zones around cyber terrorism or cyber attacks and those sort of things as well um capability you need to make sure that you have the people in house to do this from a legal perspective to your legal people understand cyber to the understand what those sort of risks are to your people understand how to put out the messaging if there is an instant and there will be at some stage and your IT people know how to actually handle an incident because remember your IT people who generally protect your data and your controls are generally almost afraid to tell you that what the real problem is because they see they really want to be judged as failing in their jobs um metrics make sure you can measure this stuff there is no such thing as 100 secure so what is your risk appetite be able to measure it not in vague terms but in real terms um are you happy to be compliant with you know the credit card standard of vulnerabilities are you happy to be whatever depending on your business means the level of security you need to have and you need to know those metrics are an integration you should integrate all cyber risk data activities within the business model itself um so hopefully I fitted that in 25 minutes uh thereabouts and um thank you for your time and attention I'm happy to answer any questions


Welcome to the Anxious Morning, where each weekday morning we take a look at ideas, concepts and lessons designed to help you understand and overcome your anxiety. For more information, visit us at theanxiousmorning.com One of the questions I am asked most often is what does being recovered look and feel like? I'll take some time now and then to address that. I can share what recovery feels like to me and how my recovery is still impacting my life on a daily basis. People seem to want to know if I still get anxious or if I experience panic now. The answer to both is yes. I can have anxious moments or even an anxious day now and then. I am human. That is part of being alive. I might even experience a panic attack once or twice a year. I never guarantee or promise that recovery means that you will be anxiety or even panic-free forever. That's not realistic. What I can tell you is that anxiety and panic no longer matter to me, so when they do show up they are non-events and not worthy of declaring disaster, setback or emergency. Having built this new relationship with anxiety and fear means that I have had to come to grips with the fact that life will include normal anxiety and stress.  So what does that look like? I can tell you that for me, it means that I have learned to be aware of stress in all its forms. There is emotional stress, mental stress and even physical stress. These are all part of life. Negative situations can be stressors, we all know this. But there is even such a thing as positive stress. Even good things can place demands on us, enjoyable and exciting though they may be. As a recovered person, I take time to back up and examine the stressors in my life so that I can respond appropriately. Not to squash or eliminate stress completely, but to ensure that I do not let things get out of hand. I can take time to reflect on what's happening from an objective point of view without being carried away by the emotions that come with stress and anxiety. I acknowledge that life is demanding at times. I allow the emotions that arise as a result. I plan accordingly to handle what needs to be handled while also making sure that I am disconnecting, disengaging and making time for healthy activities that I enjoy and provide balance in my life. Sometimes I'm really good at this. Sometimes not so good. When I'm less than diligent or when I am pushing myself, I am more likely to let the load get a tad too heavy. When that happens, anxiety might pop up to remind me that I am human and that I need to take care of myself. It doesn't pop up to stalk me, terrify me or trap me in a corner. I see it for what it is. A signal. A normal reaction that I can use to inform healthy choices and decisions. As a fully recovered person, my relationship with stress, anxiety and fear means that these things are not my enemies. They are guideposts. Sometimes they are teachers. They do not ruin my life. They are simply part of my life and sometimes they wind up being informative or even useful in informing positive changes that help me going forward. Learning to see anxiety for what it is without hitting the panic button is a game changer that serves me well every day and will continue to do so. If you're enjoying the anxious morning and you'd like to get a copy of the podcast delivered into your email inbox every morning, visit the anxious morning dot email and subscribe to the newsletter. If you're listening on Apple or iTunes, take a second and leave a five star rating. Maybe write a small review. It really helps me out. And finally, if you find my work useful and you'd like to help keep it free of advertising and sponsorships, you can see all the ways to support the work at the anxioustruth.com slash support. Thanks so much.


Cholesterol is good for you. It has so many vital, crucial functions in our bodies, it makes you wonder, why are we so afraid of it? The origin of the lipid hypothesis, the idea that cholesterol is bad for us, was hypothesized by Ansel Keys.  The media, doctors, dietitians have instilled us with fear. We appeal to the authority of these people blindly. In 1914, a Russian scientist showed that rabbits which were fed cholesterol developed deposits in their arteries, similar to the deposits we see in humans. Ansel Keys took this data and ran with it, composed the seven countries study, showing the correlation between cholesterol and heart disease. But this study wasn't actually done on seven countries. It was done on 22 countries, but they had to exclude those countries because it did not fit his hypothesis. So why do we need to debunk cholesterol on a nearly monthly basis?  The real cause of heart disease is vegetable seed oils, high omega 6 fat diets. But those make a lot of money too. It's crazy that all of this was based off of injecting cholesterol into rabbits who are herbivores and don't process that food. Ironically, we fed meat-based product to a herbivore and we saw issues. Now we're consuming plant-based product as omnivores and we're seeing health issues. Here is an excellent study that debunks the lipid hypothesis. For half a century, a high level of total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL, has been considered to be the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. And statin treatment has been widely promoted for cardiovascular prevention. However, there is an increasing understanding that the mechanisms are more complicated and that statin treatment, in particular when used as primary prevention, is of doubtful benefit. The authors of three large reviews recently published by statin advocates have attempted to validate the current dogma. This article delineates the serious errors in these three reviews as well as other obvious falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis. Our search for falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis confirms that it is unable to satisfy any of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality and that the conclusions of the authors of the three reviews are based on misleading statistics, exclusion of unsuccessful trials and by ignoring numerous contradictory observations. This is the general summary. I can go through dozens and dozens of studies showing that people with high cholesterol live longer, that the real cause of heart disease is plant fats as opposed to saturated fat, but let's focus on the positive. Why we need cholesterol. Cholesterol is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes. Every cell in your body requires cholesterol, therefore it's involved in pretty much every single metabolic function. Cholesterol is traveling through your body to repair tissue and we are afraid of it. Cholesterol is an anti-inflammatory cell that we are treating as an inflammatory cell. HDL brings cholesterol back to the liver, viewed as good. LDL brings it to cells viewed as bad. How can we say a cell that naturally occurs in our body is bad for us? I mean cancer, certain degenerative diseases cause cell mutations but that's not what naturally occurs in our body. Having this perspective is like saying that we should be mad at firefighters for driving to fires because they're supposed to be in the firehouse. Absolutely, zero sets.  This is why most vegans report hormone levels in their blood being in the dumpster. Whether it's aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone, we need cholesterol. It's needed for the production of bile which is required to absorb nutrients, especially fat soluble vitamins. A lot of people think that the body can produce enough cholesterol but the cholesterol, the animal fats have to be present in the stomach to optimally absorb these vitamins. More importantly, we need cholesterol for vitamin D3 which is a hormone, not just a vitamin. This study shows that vitamin D3 levels after sun exposure correlated directly with cholesterol levels, the higher the better. The synthesis of vitamin D starts in the bowel epithelial with the oxidation of cholesterol from food or bile to pro vitamin D3 which is then transported to the skin, mainly the epidermis, wherein it is isomerized to pre vitamin D3 by UVB radiation. You need cholesterol in your stomach, you need to consume animal foods as only animal foods contain cholesterol. So we know we've been lied to about cholesterol and that cholesterol has many important functions in the body but do our bodies actually produce enough cholesterol on its own without cholesterol from the diet? No, not nearly enough and I will cover this in depth in another video. If you don't consume cholesterol from animal foods, your body will not produce adequate hormone levels, you cannot digest vitamins and various nutrients and your body cannot synthesize vitamin D3. People need to understand this. I mean there's so many modern issues caused by a lack of animal foods in our diets that this argument why cholesterol is good for you is just explaining some aspects of that. We did mention statins in that trial. I will also be doing a separate video on statins so look forward to those two video guys. How our bodies produce cholesterol as well as statins. Thank you guys for joining me. If you could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon, share the video if you can. If you guys would like to support me further, check out frankiesfreerangemeat.com. High quality nutrient-dense animal foods at the most affordable price. You can also go to frankiesnaturals.com. Minimal ingredients, minimally processed, pollution free, hygiene and cosmetic products. Thank you so much for joining me today guys and enjoy the rest of your day.