Hey guys it's Nate A.K. the Foot Accountant and welcome back to the channel. So right now in this game we have an icon pack that you can do an unlimited number of times and EA messed that icon pack up so a lot of people are getting compensation. Yeah it is going crazy it was a wild day of content yesterday on Sunday and that was made even more wild and crazy by prices crashing on certain areas of the market and the most random showdown SBC yet. So we got to take a look at that and look forward into today on Monday because there's one very important SBC that's expiring that needs to return in some way shape or form to keep the menu grind going. If you guys are excited for the video today drop a thumbs up and of course subscribe if you're new. Let's go over yesterday's content and actually start off with some stuff that happened before the content drop. EA's clocks forgot to turn forward. I would watch out for this today and into the next one or two days as well as time changed in North America and EA's Instagram forgot that the time changed they posted the content one hour early instead of being 6pm UK it was at 5pm UK they posted the content early so we knew about the Yashin SBC and the showdown that we got yesterday about an hour ahead of time so that's just one thing to point out because that could happen again today. So just kind of a little note to point out there let's talk about this showdown SBC. It was one that we never saw leaked honestly we never expected it to be dropped because it doesn't have anything to do with a real life game. Galatasaray is not playing al-Hilal anytime soon at least for what I know but this SBC is all based around FCPro events so basically Pro FCPro FIFA players this is a matchup between Jerkrak 30 and Gabriel PN in a pro event that is going to be happening I think it's this next Saturday the 16th of March but the SBC's guys they're not even that crazy Domitin Sanchez transfer from Spurs one play style plus he doesn't have that many play styles he does have anticipated an aerial it's not I mean I'm not gonna say it's great I'm not gonna say it's terrible though Michael has trickster plus doesn't even have five star skills right and left-sided wing player these cards they're cheap right that's the that's the only thing about them that is kind of nice Domitin Sanchez is 35k and Michael is 55,000 coins as well to me these SBC's don't regard any sort of hype in my opinion they're just kind of there and I think EA know that this was a set of SBC's really for a specific number of players people that are interested in this pro event are gonna be doing this at least for me I'm not super interested and they're not that meta so I'm gonna pass on those now the other player SBC that we had yesterday was that icon Lev Yashin and it was the one that we wanted it is the center back Yashin card which actually does wear the hat in game he is a really really good center back but evidently EA don't want that many people to do him or they at least don't want a lot of people to do him for cheap because this card yesterday on the market was 1.4 to 1.5 million coins and the SBC came out at 1.9 million now since this SBC was so overpriced you can see that it has dropped a lot and that is because people are panic selling high rated fodder and high rated fodder has absolutely been destroyed because this was one of the SBC's that so many had people had invested in 88's 89's and 90's 4 when it was first leaked right and those prices of those cards are dropping a ton because this Yashin SBC is not very good a couple that with the constant supply of all these high rated cards on the market with the crazy lighting rounds that EA continue to run 89's went from 32 to 33,000 coins down to 27k now there's some supply in there and there's also some panic selling it's a mixture of both I still have a bunch of 89's on my transfer list I remember when Yashin was leaked and I remember the 89's going up I should have sold then to be completely honest I should have sold in the past couple of days because these are the SBC's that we need to make those card prices go up and since they weren't very good it doesn't bode well for those now there was a 90 and an 89 rated squad inside of Yashin if they just would have made him a bit cheaper he could be decent to do and I'm not saying this is like a must like stay far away from SBC if you want this center back Yashin card he does have 99's and so many different stat areas vision reactions jumping interceptions strength he is a pretty nuts card so if you want to craft this I don't think it's the worst craft ever I would kind of not quite put him in the same range as like the winter wild cards hold it because that SBC was crazy overpriced at the time but it ended up being super OP and a lot of people did the card I think this Yashin card is kind of crazy too maybe you do the five match loan version which is inside of the big SBC and then figure out if you want to partake the whole entire 16 segment squad but it is a lot and if you want him you can go get him but it is a lot and that's because yeah they just they just put way too many squads here I don't quite understand now and that is two SBCs now in a row Jozino and Lev Yashin when it comes to the icons that are just overpriced hopefully we get another icon SBC still yet in this next week of the showdown series of course we'll get the EA content tweet today which will probably give us some more information about what to expect with icons let's talk about the first of two gamble SBCs we had yesterday the 87 plus triple threat or UCL hero player pick guys finally a hero player pick that doesn't give the base versions it took them until March 10th to release a hero player pick without base versions in it but here's the thing heroes this year and this is a whole nother video whole nother conversation heroes this year are just not it besides the top tier upper echelon like the ginola the ya ya a couple of other cards in there like lucio 2 they're just not it I don't know if it's because icons are so crazy this year and icons are so accessible as well I wonder if that's part of it but heroes look at this man this is the first SBC that didn't include base heroes that we were actually looking forward to and it's still only 8% up voted it might have a little bit more hype if the icon upgrade wasn't dropped yesterday as well but yeah this one it has a very very bad weight as well it's just kind of an L right to be completely honest now the reason yesterday was crazy was because of this SBC this is what we're getting to with all the conversation today and this is the one that was a huge surprise the on core icon upgrade without this SBC yesterday would have been kind of mid or honestly an L but this changed everything yesterday because it gave a repeatable unlimited repeatable you can do this as many times as you can get the fodder to do it every single day there's no limit no three times per day nothing it's as much as much as you want to be able to do it in the next week so it's going to be out even on the weekend when probably foot birthday is starting this Friday and the price is what's making it very hype as well it is pretty cheap guys it is 115,000 coins for an on-core icon upgrade now what do we say about cheap gamble SBCs they're oftentimes not the best of pack weight same thing goes for this icon I did one straight away after content yesterday I packed venice soroy he went boom straight to the 89 exchange and I turned him in for 51 cards right a lot of people are getting pretty bad stuff out of this because base icons are included in it but it's a fun cheap icon gamble you can craft it with the 83 times 10 you do need two informs and that's the part of the market that is flying but since this SBC is something different and something cool it's a cheap icon pack that is craftable with what is out right now it has a lot of hype and you know for sure it's fun I would just say use caution with this because informs are so expensive you need two informs to do this SBC and that is basically right now about 80,000 coins informs are almost 40,000 coins piece they were above that at one point that's 80,000 of the 115,000 coins to get this SBC done if you can get those informs from doing the 83 plus team of the week player pick if you're crafting a little bit on the menus that's great and that cuts out basically like 80,000 coins worth of value that's why this SBC has hype because it is pretty easy and cheap to craft and regardless so it is a nice SBC it's something that we have not seen in a long time most the icon packs are what three four hundred thousand coins you need 86 is sevens and eights this one only needs 83s 84s and then an 85 rated squad it's crazy right and that's why it is hype but it's also not very good in terms of the pack weight so I would just warn you guys with that the pack weight don't expect anything crazy I think we maybe opened like five to ten yesterday on the stream and we had one team of the icon that was Javi and the rest were like either mid to low level bases or like maybe one or two thunderstorms or a winter wildcars like a linnaker something like that so it's fun to craft and it will be able to be crafted this week but I just tell you be careful with your fodder because EA are draining so many coins from that SBC being out right now now you're like Nate what's about the compensation what is going on here so EA released this tweet two and a half hours after that SBC was dropped in the game the on-core icon upgrade SBC description was incorrect and has since been updated they didn't even go and tell us what was incorrect about it guys we got the deeds right here this is what was wrong I didn't even realize this right away in the original description of this pack it did not say thunderstorm in the description it just said base insurance winter wildcars team of the year but it was still giving out thunderstorm icon cards from this pack so EA is saying if you did the SBC before the update and received a thunderstorm icon player from your pack you will be sent a corrected reward in game in the coming days right the famous words there so basically you're affected if you packed a thunderstorm icon which I did not I packed base venice eroy so I'm expecting to not get compensated from this but if you packed a thunderstorm icon within the first what are this two and a half hours two hours and 23 minutes of content yesterday if you got the SBC done and packed a thunderstorm then technically you will be getting a free on-core pack back I believe that's how they will do it sounds like how they would do it based off of the wordage of the SBC there so there is compensation for that and the funny thing is we mentioned this in yesterday's video this SBC right here does not mention road to the finals the 85 plus campaign mix upgrade yet it gives out road to the finals so when is EA going to realize that the same thing is happening with this SBC and do compensation as well I don't know but the longer that it goes on either they're going to sweep it under the rug and say nothing about it or they're going to have to give out some pretty crazy compensation because the longer that SBC is out and wrong still the number of players growing that have packed road to the final players so that is the SBC guys and you know like me how do you craft this how is it craftable right now of course the 83 times 10 at the 81 plus player pick and the exchange SBCs along with the 83 plus team of the player pick but guys you don't even have to put in a big shift on the menus to get a bunch of those packs you just have to play the game I just again want to like draw your attention to this guys if you are doing either the daily showdown which you get an 83 times double every day or if you're just playing the game two games per day gets you the 81 doubles and the 82 doubles for the nwsl the daily f fantasy fc daily play also gives you really good packs every single day it is very easy you throw some footchamps rewards on top of that and some other bonuses in here like the the the bonuses still in here like the future stars goal pursuit which I'm still working through there are packs everywhere on this game you have a season xp to work through right now as well it is very very easy to get 83s 4s 5s and 6s and even some of the higher rated fodder to put into these SBCs the menu craft is still going it is still going and we'll hope hopefully see it continue today but that is one thing that we do have to talk about a later on in the video now one of the biggest things yesterday was of course the showdown game a lot of us did a kanji or you did Clark right because that was massive massive game yesterday between liverpool and manchester city but the draw result was not what a lot of us were looking for or at least some of us right now the cards are not upgraded I don't know how long it's going to take them to upgrade I hope it's only a couple of days this is a showdown promo they better be quick with it is all that I'm saying this is what these cards should look like after their upgrades take place since it was a draw they're both getting a plus one a lot of people have asked me Nate will I still be able to put them into the evolution to upgrade them even further the answer is yes okay even though they didn't win they are still going to get an upgrade plus one overall and you will be able to put them into the showdown winners boost evolution because again the rarity type for this is showdown plus so the upgraded card with the yellow right and when you get a plus one or a plus two you get the yellow card design upgrade and you are an upgraded showdown card so those upgrades I really hope they happen today I'm not expecting them to come out today because that would seem very very early but it's technically possible I would more so look towards maybe Tuesday maybe Wednesday we'll see how EA tried to do things but of course that you cannot forget today guys there is another showdown game that is happening it's a big day today because Chelsea play Newcastle so I need to craft esauk here for the 85 and 86 rated squads to at least have a little bit of skin in the game I'm gonna go for esauk here because I think he's the better card I'd like to see him upgraded I also just realized that this Ben show well is like worse than the emerson wrote to the final card in my opinion from West Ham or like at least on par or worse so like I'm definitely doing esauk if I can get one of these crafted make sure you get that done if you're interested in getting some skin in the game for what is coming out today or the game that is that is happening today so watch out for that we'll talk more about showdown SPC's in a minute I want to talk about the market though we've already talked about fodder going down and a lot of prices are going down because of the unlimited icon pack guys prices on this game are dropping in so many different areas just to name a couple of cards that you can really see are taking a hit because of this right this is an SPC that so many people want to do they're going and selling cards to do so kunday his winter wild cards which by the way is a fantastic card to trade with this guy fluctuates so much and also has so much demand he went from 95 000 coins yesterday on sunday all the way down after the SPC dropped to 75 k huge drop and that's just one example of so many cards on this game right now that are having a very similar price movement and it's not because of the content that came out like a player is being is replacing him in people's teams per se it's more so the fact that they release the really good content in the SPC section that people are going and selling cards for and it's draining coins in the market we talked about that yesterday but it's a common trend now for real here's another example use of mokoko is 300 000 coins yesterday he was a peak at 360 and has been dropping after content down to 300 000 coins a lot of the market is dropping because people's coins amount are going down because they're having to spend more to go and do these sbcs especially the sbcs that are the most hype like the icon upgrade how much your team of the weeks 42 000 coins for a team of the week card is crazy okay remember when team of the weeks went crazy crazy expensive early on i think it was before a team of the year this year they kind of peaked at like four maybe 50k at one point they're back right it's 40 000 coins for team of the weeks after a unlimited icon sbc being out for a pack so many people are going to want to do that and that's going to make these cards go up a lot now if you have team of the weeks what i would tell you to do is probably sell them lazy sell them they might go to 45 or 47 k by the time we hit the middle or the end of this week because that's where all the hype is right now right it's in the sbc section with that icon pack but i would probably get out of those before foot birthday and before those sbcs go away this weekend that's one thing that i would shout there now i could even see team of the weeks going higher like they could go 50 k plus but it depends on the packs that ea dropped because once again yesterday they dropped all the insane lightning rounds that we've been seeing them drop the 85 7 the 84 times 10 tradeable right those are crazy landing round packs a couple other 86 plus packs as well so i would be very very careful with fodder of all ratings right now i know the higher tier is going down i have some of those i'm still lazy listing it but i'm also taking some of my coins in those areas as well i know that the fact that 89s are 27 k is stupid low that is stupid low 88s are 16 k that is crazy low guys let's be honest but it's a combination of the panic selling and uh the supply that is out there right now that is making these prices drop and to be completely honest i could see them going a little bit lower because the sbcs that people are buying these for like jarzino like yashin are just not good enough so there's not as much demand there but there is demand on the low tier of fodder and these cards pretty sure 89 or 86s were like 9 k yesterday at the peak yeah they were 9.9 9.4 k but they went all the way back down to 8 000 coins because of all the supply that was happening in the menus even 85s yes they are up but there's so much supply i would have to say that if you wanted to get on some bids for some of these maybe it's an opportunity to get on bids for 85 rated for like a 7 k but that's risky because ea are probably gonna drop the lighting rounds again today but i could see fodder in the 85 to 86 range move up a little bit towards content just because that is the fodder that is in demand right now and is in inflating price 84 is 2 2.4 k all these were what 1.3 1.4 2 days ago now they're up a thousand coins a piece so a big w if you invested in those and held or um if you bought any of those recently those are a big time but that's again part of what is just draining coins in this market right now which is just over time over this week going to devalue a lot of prices especially as we start heading into foot birthday now one thing i do want to point out is there's a pack here in the store that is supplying cards tradable um from past promos if you missed it if you're seeing some first owner cards on the market from either ultimate dynasties team the group stage wrote to the final team of your honorable mentions and future stars uh they are all packable from this first half super encore pack i'm not trying to tell you that all this pack would be worth opening with fc points or coins not at all um but it is there so like uh earlier this evening i saw a fresh first owner wrote to the final pedri which i ended up buying because i was like wow this price is very very cheap right i picked him up for 1.052 and what is he right now he's like 1.14 1.15 that's kind of where he normally is this is a card that's i mean technically in that one pack but i doubt he's really getting packed that much uh and you could see to write no games played for this is a first owner card that i bought off the market i'm still holding on to him because barsa play and champions league this week upgrades are on the line hype is going to build for that so i would definitely keep an eye on that part of the market but be careful again because those cards are technically kind of packable the other pack that is in the store that keeps refreshing every single day because ea knows that a lot of us are going to open it and i opened it again yesterday was that 50k pack that has the basically zero percent chance of packing a team of the year but still you have a chance so people open it and it's 50 000 coins and is taking coins away from my account they need to stop releasing it because i'm a sucker for it because of team of the year so i need to sell some cards so that i can make some profits so i can open that pack and not feel bad about spending my coins on it so have more self control than me um but i know some of you guys like one or two people tweet me every day oh my goodness i pack a team of the year it's just for most people not going to happen so a couple other things to talk about with yesterday this is not related to really the market too much it's related to upgrades for our favorite cards from the fc fantasy promo guys the sbcs are going crazy okay uh both verner and rophel are looking very very good to almost get the potential max upgrade spurs yesterday i have 18 games played in 38 goals with this card this card is him man and i can't believe that team over is getting another upgrade and has the potential very i would say very likely but semi likely now that team over never could go to a 93 rated card and receive all of his upgrades yesterday spurs beat villa four nail coys and uh verner that was the second win for verner and his card he actually scored in the game as well but he had already crossed that threshold but most importantly they kept a clean sheet and scored four goals the clean sheet is not important for him the goals were he is very close if tautum score uh four goals in the next two games he will get that 11 goal threshold and go up even further and if he appears in the next match as well i think he has one more appearance to chalk off and he'll go to a 92 rated card but this upgrade has come in this wednesday so that's huge peggio porro is getting a double upgrade for the clean sheet and for the wins um and then i know we're not showing upgrades here for rofo but uh the women's barca team scored seven goals and she came off the bench in that game they did not keep a clean sheet but they scored seven goals so it's very likely that in the next two weeks rofo could potentially be going up to a 80 from an 89 to a 93 getting all four upgrades if they're able to keep a clean sheet and uh if they're able to get another win and she sees the pitch two more times so it's looking great from an sbc's perspective for that card another big one is mamush um mamush had a big game he's going straight from an 86 to an 89 uh with two upgrades there because he's an 86 rated base card but furlan mendy's getting a big juice as well this is um all the cards from yesterday there's even more of course from saturday that will be getting upgraded on wednesday so i know that's not the current kind of promo with the showdown series cards but those cards are still very hype i would still tell you to selling in the hype for these is kind of the play peggio porro is like 35 000 coins he bumped up a lot yesterday um mamush mamush went up a lot yesterday as well he's 35 000 coins as well he went from 26 to 32 and is now just slowly rising the one thing i will tell you guys that is though be careful with these cards that are upgrading for fodder purposes because just do the calculations of what card you're buying because look at how much 89s 88s 89s and 90s have dropped before people were like oh my goodness 90s are all 45k so these guys are going to upgrade and they're going to go to 45k well if somebody's going to a 90 rated card your ceiling there is kind of now like 40 000 coins so just be careful with that um when you're investing in those fc fantasies i sold just to not have any risk at all with it i sold my or bonds at like 35 36k he's not a fodder card per se he's like actually meta and he's going to go to an 89 rated card soon but i was like you know what i'm just going to get out of that and i'm still getting some lazy sales on 89s um i've started to sell a few off at 27k just to get a few coins um but these cards still lazy sell decently well so if you want to mess around with that you absolutely can now let's talk about today all right rounding out the video today monday content what else are you going to surprise us with today well first thing is this is this sbc going away today is really sad if they don't bring back the 80 plus player pick or this 81 plus player pick it's going to be meaning that the menu grind is going to get a whole lot worse because we need something to rinse untradable low rated golds into basically gold commons right you guys know these player picks have been holding the menu grind a lot because you can just craft and craft and craft some more we need something like this to return today preferably the 80 plus player pick they only required six cards that way your non rares go even further when you're building these player picks that's my hope for today as we get that sbc back and with how upgrade pat content has been i think they'll do it i know we have an 81 double that is out that's not good enough the 81 double requiring five rares is not good enough at all in my opinion for the crafting so we need an 80 plus player pick today ea please do that but if we don't that's really going to hurt the menus and even it might hurt fodder because people will not be able to get all the fodder they need to go and do these sbc's repeatedly and continuously and that might be a little bit painful so watch out for that today i mean ea is kind of going crazy with the upgrade packs we might get a whole new other upgrade pack today you know maybe like an 85 double 86 player pick you know um since we had the 83 times 10 they might even drop something else out in the game today i think that's actually possible so watch out for that and then of course we still have showdowns to come but again we're at that point of the week where like we talked about yesterday we have no idea watch out for the least today if you see some nationalities leaked or tweeted or hinted at from some of those guys on twitter um you could get some insight into what showdown is going to be today there's still wolf and canal that could be coming today you've got a this one's probably going to be later on because this game is very late it's like march 24th you've got lobotka and bastoni still to come and then of course joel philix and depai among a few others are still leaked so keep a very very close eye out for what showdown sbc could be today it's a monday i hope they drop a banger i know like um akanji and clark were the best two so far we need to go back up to that sort of level give us another one that was that good ea and uh we could be talking about something pretty fun so um at this rate who knows man who knows i don't know if there's any more icon sbc's are coming we'll see what ea's content tweet says about stuff that's going on this week as well but um yeah the market is kind of dropping like crazy but i will tell you this as well if you're looking to trade and make a quick buck all right watch these fantasy cards that are out of packs i mean all of them are now they have crazy fluctuations right look at konate 240 000 coins after liverpool's draw yesterday which wasn't a win so he didn't get upgraded he's down over 100k this car did very well drop a little bit more this morning like maybe he goes to like 220 or something and then goes back up to like 270 it's very possible he's still live and these cards are semi rare especially on the middle of the top tier so i would very closely watch cards like that here's a great example of a card that moves crazy right panic sell panic sell because psg don't hit the upgrade qualifiers he goes from one point just basically a million coins and right now he's one point three these cards that are rare from fc fantasy team one and two and the heroes as well they have crazy price fluctuations once they get panic sold go into one went from 200k to 240 and uh you know he's now back down to 20 but that's the sort of thing you can see with some of these cards so just keep a close eye on them because they move like mad and they can be very very good to trade with so that's going to be a video for today guys i really hope ea drops a player pick today we need it speaking of panic selling this gavardiol was down he still is 8900 000 coin that is crazy man that is absolutely insane but of course the conjugating a plus one yeah man that's the biggest best hype center back right now in this game but watch those types of cards because they can be very very good to trade with and we'll see if ea surprises with anything today on a monday if you enjoyed the video today guys drop a thumbs up on it comment below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new appreciate you guys watching all the videos as always and i will see you in a twitch stream and today that links down below in the description peace out


7. Amazing back-to-school ideas for your ESL class. Schools are starting again and students and teachers flock back to the classroom. Check out these simple and powerful back-to-school ideas and your students will surely remember this first lesson of yours for a long time. 1. Give a report. Have your students write a short report, or let them do it verbally, about something newsworthy that happened in their neighborhood or town during the school break. 2. Weekly journal. Introduce a weekly journal to your students. The focus of this should be on fluency practice and less on correctness. Have your students write in the journal every day based on a topic that came up in class. 3. Information gap. Divide your class into groups and hand out one paragraph of a reading topic to every group. Then, have them share the information to complete the reading and create a complete story. 4. My dream job. Talk to your students about jobs. After brainstorming a few professions, have your students write a couple of sentences about their dream job. Then, have them come up in front of the class and share their career goals with the other students. 5. Our class policies. This is one of my personal favorite back-to-school activities. Have your students work in groups and come up with 10 important class rules. Each group then presents their rules to the class. At the end, the teacher picks the final 10 out of all class rules, and hangs them up in the classroom, a great reminder throughout the year. 6. Give a speech. Talk about the summer vacation, or other school break. Give your students some time to write a short speech about their school break. Then, each student shares what they did during the school break with the whole class. 7. Survey your classmates. Create a survey on a specific topic, for example how many students play sports, how many students like broccoli, etc. Have the student survey their peers and create a percentage after they evaluate their findings. Are you ready to teach English as a foreign language?


So first of all, I'm dead addict 17 years ago or so. I had a different handle that was unrelated to computer security. And I remember kind of clearly when that handle was given to me by a good friend of mine, Minda Rape. And he expressed that it was really inappropriate to use the handle I was using in the piracy world for computer security-related passions. And I think he was right on the separation of identities and identity management is really important in these regards. I was a senior member of a piracy group way back when, far past the statute of limitations. Jason Scott, I saw, shoved his hand up there, represent. And it's funny, because the only remnants of my belonging to that piracy group can be found on textfiles.com and one of the various NFOs that Jason Scott, the Underground's historian of note, has archived. So if you want to take a look back in memory lane at what the piracy scene was some time ago, go visit textfiles.com. When I joined the piracy group, I essentially did it because I was pissed off with the quality of the releases of the rest of the pirates. I wasn't really interested in fame. For some time I had anonymity and wasn't even using a handle when I was contributing to that group, but I was so frustrated at the lack of quality assurance in the pirate releases that I wanted to do something about it. For one month, one of the groups that monitors the pirate activity, and it was one of the underground groups, they like to keep tally about who's coolest and who's releasing most. But for one month, our group was the highest releaser of any group out there. Now in our space, which was the non-game space, the application space, because while I can play games now and again, I thought the application, getting applications out to kids and to allow them to learn was important. But essentially, right about the time I was most heavily involved was the downfall of piracy as we knew it back then, which was BBS-based. And that was very tightly controlled, somewhat clueless circles. Wired.com was not publishing articles on the latest protocols to get your wares at, which I appreciate now, but it's a different time. One of the other reasons I had a different handle is that there's really different cultures. And at the time, there was a conflict between the pirates and the hackers. And essentially, the pirates, I'm not exactly sure what their problem was. I think part of them was they were afraid of the hackers. Some, one BBS operator I knew, didn't want to associate with hackers because he didn't want the law enforcement scrutiny, which would then find out about his pirate activity. Of course, he ran a small telecom, so I don't blame him for those concerns. There's often little respect between the two groups. And I can understand that. I can understand that hackers can look at pirates and say, well, what are you doing exactly? You're just copying bits around. That's not impressive. We're not impressed. There's nothing elite going on there. There's no skills going on there. You're just copying bits. And I don't want to use the word theft. We'll talk briefly about ethics, but I can understand that. And of course, there's an exception to that.  Some people want to talk about black-eyed hackers as crackers. Now, the software crackers actually were doing interesting work. And they were doing reverse engineering. And they were doing very impressive things. But there was a very small percentage of the pirates. But I have a feeling that those people often moved on to our industry and became badass reverse engineers doing things more than just enabling gameplay. So the reason I'm giving this talk is because I've been coming here, well, forever. And through this time, I don't recall many speeches on piracy. And I find it really interesting, because piracy is certainly part of what we'd call the computer underground. And piracy culture has affected us all. And that separation that happened 17 years ago or so, when I was heavily involved, that's still occurring. We don't talk about it. We don't discuss it. And I think there's interesting issues and interesting things to think about. And it saddens me to think that, and I certainly don't want to characterize the pirate community negatively, but people that aren't thinking about technical issues and technical challenges that are just thinking about their distribution mechanisms. It saddens me that these bright people here at DEF CON aren't thinking about some of these issues.  But I hope at the end of all of this, you'll give some thought to some of these issues and where we're going in piracy and what all this means, and perhaps how we can help. There's certainly some toolkits and some software and some best practices that can be adopted. And hopefully, even if none of you watch that video camera that's stealing my soul, we'll then transmit it through YouTube and some actual pirates will take a close look at some of these issues. I'd like to get a feel for the audience here. Can I get a raise of hands for everyone that's a pirate, please? Everyone? Everyone? OK. Now can I get a raise of hands for everyone that's not a pirate? OK, you're all lying. So I don't have any animosity towards the people that didn't raise their hands at all, because they're just people that don't like to raise their hands. And that's cool. I don't blame you for that. But yeah, all of you that say you're not pirates, including you, are pirates. And if you start thinking about piracy in a broad context and you start looking at piracy while the textbook that my professor gave me that was photocopied, that's piracy, too. That song that your friend gave you in MV3 format, that's piracy, too. And I could spend 10 minutes fully listing out the kinds and types of piracy.   You had to find the BBSs. Then you had to ingratiate yourself to them. You had to go through quizzes to even be allowed into these areas. And an old friend of mine, prosecuting attorney, Gail Thackery, once said that those quizzes, the law enforcement loves them and they call those intent. So any pirates out there, if you're still using those things, I swear I'm not a member of law enforcement. I swear I'm not a member of the RIAA, all of those things.  So there was a barrier to entry at the time. And 17 years ago, the computer community wasn't a third of the planet, so it was a lot smaller. Now if you want to learn about the latest piracy techniques and if you want to find out how to get the wares today, if you want to get into this, well, I won't call it underground because that would be disingenuous, if you want to get in the piracy scene, you don't have to have a friend that has a dial up to a BPS where you are presented with a quiz of silly acronyms. Instead, you pretty much have to read wired. And I'm always very amused. I've watched over the years, like every time a new piracy technology comes out, a new peer-to-peer system, any advancements, any threats, any attacks against pirates. All this is covered in news, and you require no skill whatsoever to glance around and see exactly how to get your wares. Also, well, there's anger, I think, at the content industries, and that's different from where we were 17 years ago. Then there really wasn't people justifying their actions. Pirates pretty much knew they were pirates. They pretty much knew they were breaking the law. They were doing illicit things. And even among themselves, they would acknowledge that they were stealing content. And I don't want to get into arguments about semantics. And I think when you steal something, the original person doesn't have it anymore. But nonetheless, people pretty much realized they were sort of doing the wrong thing, and they were doing it anyways. But there's a lot of rage at the content industry. And I think a lot of people, even older, responsible people who would normally not think of themselves as breaking the law, realized after they bought the LP, and then the 8-track, and then the cassette, and then the CD, and then the enhanced CD, and then the download from iTunes. Then when their telephone carrier comes and says, you need to pay another $3 for a 30-second snippet of that song, there comes a boiling point of rage, I think, when people think they're justified to violate copyright laws. The title of this speech is unfair use. So I'm not going to try to justify this. I will acknowledge that what I'm talking about here is not fair use. And while I sympathize, and I have a lot of rage against various content industries for their thieving business models. And it is sort of thieving, right? They take my money. I don't have it anymore. They do. That's closer to my definition of theft. The ethical issues are complex. And I think an entire speech could be spent about the ethical issues of piracy. And I hope to see more speeches on piracy, and focus speeches on piracy in the future. And I hope, if any of you get done with this talk and say, well, that sucked, I hope you think why that sucked, and what would be a good piracy speech, and then submit that, because that would bring greater breadth to the content of the conference. So one clear thing to me, and I don't want to draw lines about what's ethical and ethical, but bootlegging. Bootlegging is different. Bootlegging is not piracy, and I'd like to indeed draw a semantic difference between the two. Bootlegging is charging for the copyrighted materials and making a profit off someone else's labor. And bootlegging, there's a kind of commercial bootlegging that goes on. And I wish law enforcement luck catching people that print tens of thousands of CDs, and then redistribute them and sell them. Good luck law enforcement on that, and you go after those guys. But also there's, even to some extent, there's money motivations within people we think of as pirates and not bootleggers. And it started way back when I was actually heavily involved in all of this, and that would be nodes of BBS as being charged by the pirate groups for distribution. So the pirate groups were trying to actually collect money from various parties. And there were some schisms and disagreements that were pretty sincere, and people made firm lines, what I would call the more ethical pirate groups, that they would have no part of that, and they would not take money from anyone. Which essentially makes all of this a large, unpaid volunteer effort. And that's largely what the pirate community has been about while there are violations of laws, you essentially have distributed network of volunteers that often do very tedious time consuming things. So I did mention that content piracy is also rampant at universities. I think that's interesting. I think, again, that goes to the frustration of the people involved of the educational system of the textbook industry, and having to buy new textbooks every year, just so the used market does not exist, and then pushing professors to use the latest addition, which I don't know, I mean, there's lots of fields where Greek history hasn't progressed much in the last couple of years, for example. I'm not a calculus person, but I imagine a year or two, there's not huge massive changes in how we look and think at calculus. So again, I sympathize with a lot of the frustration that people have, and again, the ethical issues of reselling the same content to the consumer again and again and again. I think that's an ethical issue of the content industries and some of the piracy that we see is reflected on that. So content is king in my mind. And different content types, and I'm gonna kind of enumerate different sorts of things you can pirate, they've changed, they've expanded a lot over the years. Back when I was involved, essentially the only thing that was being pirated was software. That's not true at all anymore. I imagine that's a relatively small percentage of bandwidth anyways. So different content types have different characteristics, bandwidth and storage requirements. If you want a lossless Blu-ray collection of every Blu-ray that's ever been made, well that's largely unfeasible, even though there's a small library of Blu-ray disks out now. And those bandwidth storage requirements, when you say, well, I want all of the text on a certain subject and I want a library of books in this very specified subject, for example, if you have two gigabytes of e-books on aquariums and fish care, you can have nearly the whole body of knowledge of the human race in a very tiny, tiny amount of space. So the bandwidth and storage requirements are one characteristics of the distinctions in content. Lossy versus lossless is another, which is interesting. Even back when software piracy, there was lossy software piracy as people didn't want to distribute all the long trailers and all the long kind of filler content because they didn't have the bandwidth with their slower modems and not high-speed internet, so they would strip out some of the content. That's not really being done in software anymore. Content is, software content is generally lossless. But the lossy versus lossless does apply to all of these other content types, which I'm gonna enumerate. Industry responses. People feel very comfortable pirating some sorts of content, for example, e-books.  And there's other industries and areas where there's no response whatsoever, for example, instructional videos. There's sites that have large collections of magic tutorial DVDs that have been ripped. And the content industry and their response to that is not unified and really affects the viability of pirating their content and the risk management involved with the people doing so. Metadata management. So I care a lot about metadata. Metadata to me is really important and it becomes important as more and more data is amassed and more and more data is available through illicit means. If there's not good metadata and clean metadata, it becomes a real problem. And I've had people tell me that I have such a passion for metadata. I should go into information sciences. The difficulty to import and rip and crack, I think, is another data point and that differs from content type. For example, music now, there's no problem ripping that and cracking that and DVDs as well. There's still some software that's a challenge. I think interestingly enough, ripping books is a real challenge. Even though there's successful books, oftentimes it's just the images and oftentimes if they do OCR, there's problems with that OCR and then there's multiple revisions going on. And the availability and popularity is another characteristic of content. For example, one of the content types that's being pirated is knitting blueprints and whatnot. And you pretty much have to know to go to the right spot. The Pirate Bay will not serve you for your very, very niche interests. Which is the content industries around that would be very happy about that. But then that means if you care about that, then you have to find out the still sort of underground and member only and make the time invent to pirate. And another thing about metadata I just wanna touch about is one of the nice things about MP3s, for example, and even images, is those file formats support having a lot of rich metadata within them. And that means the metadata will stay with the content as it's moved from system to system. And there's other content types that don't have as rich of metadata available to them within the file format itself, which means separate files are often created that include that metadata. Those separate files are often lost. Your metadata is lost and the data becomes a lot less valuable in my perspective. So content type software, I've talked about that a good deal. I would call it largely the oldest type of piracy and the first content type that there was a full scene around and a community around. Audio content, music. So it's interesting. I don't know if any of you remember when MP3s first came out, but it took a long time to rip them and that was a characteristic of that content type and it prevented entry and it prevented people from taking that content. There's bandwidth issues and at the time people were ripping into very, very low formats and there was a lot of loss going on to the lossy versus lossless. Kind of progressed over time with audio piracy to the point now where we're almost at a point where we've gone from various levels of lossy to loss less and FLAC is not yet ubiquitous or other equivalents of FLAC. But I think in the near term future as what terabytes cost $80 or something now, I think these storage issues will work themselves out for audio. Video, again you can watch the progression and while there's many people now that want the full DVD reps and having four gig downloads is more and more common, the Blu-ray reps are still less common and that's for bandwidth and hard drive purposes. Books, very interesting. They're tiny, they're easy to transport which is interesting characteristics. They're a lot harder to rip. There requires a lot of manual intervention there other than when people get electronic versions of the books but that traditionally hasn't been how that content has been imported but in each of these you can separately follow the content types and look for trends and see where we are and see where we're going. There's often many revisions on books. You don't see that with audio files. You don't see that with MP3s. Well, here's the fourth attempt with roughly the same characteristics because people catch those OCR errors and they have the revesty and whatnot of the books. Fonts, fonts very small. The industry cares a fair amount but you'll probably never get caught stealing fonts if you don't use those fonts commercially.  And among the ethical issues that the places I've personally stood is if you're making profit from this even if you're not selling it but if you're getting compensation somehow if you're using this in your job to make a profit then that's probably not okay. Clipart also. And it's interesting when you go to conferences and whatnot and conferences of all types and it's like copyrights don't exist. The images on the screen, like look at the school comic I stole. Look at this picture I got from somewhere on the net. And I'll pick on a speaker here but I won't name him because that would be mean but there's a prominent well-known speaker at Defconn, a good guy and he wrote a number of books and in one of his books I noticed a picture. I'm like, wow, that's an awesome picture. I was in it. But I'm like, I know who took that picture and I'm pretty sure they're a professional photographer and this is what they do for a living and you just published a book with that. I'm like, so I'm sure you contacted the photographer and asked them about that and they're like, no, no, no, no. I got that picture from the internet.  I got Photoshop from the internet. That was a long time ago. I don't have that copy of Photoshop anymore. But this person literally is written on cyber ethics and is trying to bring cyber ethic issues to the forefront and thought nothing of that or at least it didn't seem so to me. I won't say any more about that. She'll figure out who you assume. Magazines, another content type and you have the similar issues with ripping as you did with books but I think one of the interesting things about magazines is the industry response. Their business model is not selling their old copies of their magazines. By and large when you have old issues of some relatively obscure magazine they generally don't care. There's exceptions. I think Playboy is probably reselling their old content. Boobies don't get dated. National Geographic also has a lot of content and they put together an electronic format so some of these care but generally not so much. Knitting patterns, that's interesting because there certainly is some industry response there and people are concerned about their intellectual property from being taken. Three dimensional data. And I bring this up because I think this is something that we don't see a lot of right now and I've certainly seen libraries of 3D models and whatnot on sort of obscure places but I think you'll see it in the future and I think that's one thing that'll become more prevalent and more ubiquitous and I spoke about piracy about DEF CON 2 or 3. I think it was DEF CON 2, I spoke about piracy. At that time I made the prediction that audio piracy was going to be ubiquitous and at the time I thought it was an obvious thing to state but it certainly wasn't ubiquitous at the time, it was very clunky and CDB wasn't around and metadata was difficult and ripping was difficult and as 3D dimensional data is used more and more and compelling content is created from that. I think we can expect 3D dimensional data to be pirated as well. Threats to piracy. Well, there's a couple of non-technical threats to piracy and that's the legal system in the industry and these aren't technical threats that you can add software to and protect yourself to. You can try to avoid detection but essentially once you're detected if the legal system engages you, either the civil or the criminal legal system, then that's a large threat. Most of the time I think this is done to dissuade piracy and there's been a small number of people that have gotten busted for non-commercial piracy infringement and the industry response is obviously the RIA and the MPA have campaigns and they've conducted legal action themselves. As far as criminal actions, well, the DMCA does have criminal provisions in it and people have spent time in jail for writing software. People have spent time in jail for software that enables copying of bits of data. Dimitri Skivalar, I'm sure it mangled his last name, is a prime example. There's ramifications to this. It can backfire, there can be backlash, people can be more pissed off and once people see their friends and families being sued for ridiculous amounts of money by the record companies, that might piss them off even more and make them less supportive of their efforts in the future. One of the interesting threats I think to, oh yeah, one of the interesting things and most fun threats to piracy I see is free content. When content is freely given away, I don't know, I say watching the Daily Show on your computer, right? Well, there was a time when you could download, illegally download Daily Show episodes and then you'd watch those but then they put them online and really, why would you go through the trouble and there's a time factor in all of this, why would you go through the trouble of pirating it when you can just watch it streaming from the people that are distributing it and I don't think people really mind it with 30 second ad now and again. People are willing to put up with advertising to get their content and as this happens more and more, I think you'll see the piracy community pirating this content less and less. If it's available for free streaming legitimately, it's just too much trouble for the average person. Now there may still be archives, you're never gonna eliminate piracy but there may still be archives and people supplying this content but people aren't gonna be stealing it when they're being given it. And I don't mean to use the word steal so much but free academic texts. Yeah I talked about the copying of textbooks and whatnot but the MIT and other universities are starting to realize that it's in the interest of everyone to make the content that they create freely available and I really think on a personal level that if a university doesn't have a mission to promote the exchange of information and ideas and to make these freely available to academics and non-academics alike then the universities shouldn't be there and they're doing the wrong thing. And in that context I don't have much sympathy for those that wanna pirate that content because academics should be creating information for other people to consume and furthering the body of knowledge in the human race. The problem with, and this is a threat to the, these are threats to piracy and it's kind of a wonderful threat. I hope these threats come true, right? I hope that if piracy is gonna be reduced or eliminated I hope it's because content is freely available. Oh another threat in regards to audio content and I've paid for streaming audio services $20 for a year and then you have all these options and then it's not a big deal. It's the cost of a lunch and suddenly you can get playlists and you don't have to manage your own playlist and figure out what you want. And I think it's not only free content but very cheap and affordable content could very much undermine the piracy and the pirate community. The problem with all of these things by and large except for the actual licensed free academic texts where they say okay this is Creative Commons this is really free. The problem is that any of the other content that's being given away cheaply or freely advertiser supported can go away at any time and while they're giving it away now there's no assurances they'll be giving away in the future. Some technical threats to piracy. The first is the black hat, the hackers, us. No not really us so much the actual bad guys. It seems these attacks are financially motivated and essentially these are people attempting to make money and steal based on their knowledge that people will pirate. And these include malware or distribution and it's already illicit content so people don't have assurances of its integrity which they should have and this can be done and we need to address this and I'll talk briefly about that in a minute. bogus codecs are an obvious one, they're a lot of fun. Oh you need to go to this strange, strange site to download the software to view this movie. Probably not and I think people are even non security oriented people are now being made aware that this is probably not appropriate and that social engineer attack won't work much more. Rootkits, terrifying things. Well there's not viruses being installed back in the day you could just run an antivirus scanner with its tiny amount of signatures but now if someone puts a custom root kit into a piece of software you'll never know it's there and if it was only distributed that one piece of software no one will probably ever detect it. How likely is this to occur?  He came up to me and he's like so do you have any wares? I'm like wares what do you mean? Software is that what do you want? He's like yeah I'm like I don't know like maybe I have a copy of Photoshop laying around or something and I kind of quit collecting software. Software is really difficult to maintain by the way if you want to be a pirate and if you want to have a large collection of software and then you want to pay attention to all the maintenance releases and the version increases and what not that becomes a full time job and you're not actually using any software. So I mean there are still people dedicated enough to volunteer their time to that futile process but at the time I'd given up years ago so I didn't really have much software and I'm like well maybe I have a Photoshop or something laying around and he's like so where did you get it? Well what do you mean where did I get it? Where did you get that copy? I'm like I don't know maybe in like a torrent site or something he's like no no I don't want it. Like really? Why don't you want it? I mean like where should I be getting it? He's like well you know people install root kids on these things and then distribute them via torrent networks and I'm like really? How do you know this?  And I must admit while I'm not a real software person after that conversation many many years ago beyond the statute of limitations at that point in time and don't do the math of when BitTorrent came out in such a place, thanks. At that point in time even though I really wasn't collecting software or using software I became a lot more paranoid and a lot more cautious and it became even less likely that I would do so and this is that sort of thing is a very good reason why the people the pirate groups that create these releases need to have some data and integrity and be aware of their own reputation because if someone downloads one of these things gets owned by a root kit they're not gonna think that the asshole black cat who silently re-uploaded it is responsible. They'll probably look at the release group that released it and blame them. The other side of the threats is the content industry and so they hire people that kind of do malicious things to various piracy networks and services and they flood with bad content. There's network disruptions and you know things like network disruptions essentially it's a security arms race and these sorts of things as a security community we can look what they're doing we can take countermeasures we can improve our protocols we can look at these problems and we can address them and that's something people in this room can do well a couple of you maybe. The flooding with fake content which is another thing they do I think is can be mitigated by the people that are releasing the software realizing that their reputations as criminals but they really care about reputation. All this volunteer work is being done and essentially the only thing they gotta get out of it is the ego within their own community and I'm sure we don't know anything about that here and thanks to all the volunteers at DEF CON we would not have DEF CON without volunteers. The tech industry when they're attacking and when they're creating these disruptions they know they're not gonna stop piracy that's not really their aim. What they're trying to do is make it annoying and make it difficult enough where they'll dissuade enough people and that's what they're trying to do and they succeed in a number of, in a lot of ways. So I think some of these threats can be addressed and I think some good crypto and some good signatures and I'll go into a little bit of that more. There are many things we can address to reduce many of these threats. However there is one thing that is very, very difficult if not near impossible and to think that we can secure piracy or prevent law enforcement from finding these folks is ridiculous. So to think that we can prevent the content industries from doing stuff about this is also ridiculous because there's a threat that's non-technical and it's not legal and it's infiltration and the law enforcement uses this method and the content industry uses this method and I remember when I was involved way back when and when I was very active I was really puzzled why piracy exists at all and I had an assertion that I believe was kind of true at the time and my assertion was that if you gave me six months maybe, I don't even think I think I needed anyone else do you just give me six months and I can probably kill off 90% of the pirate groups in the country if not the world and I really believe that's a feasible thing and I don't think it's easy to protect against infiltration and I assure you that all of the people attempting to infiltrate know what those acronyms meant they can pass all the little quizzes that you throw at them and many times they're very familiar with the pirate scene themselves and there's nothing you can do about that. So, defense, sign your criminal content that's really important you're distributing illegal things put your signature on it that sounds kind of ridiculous, I realize this but the fact of the matter is that all these groups are already assigning in a way and in a secure way their content these groups are putting out facts and they're listing out members of facts and they have the name of their group after it and they talk about their distribution headquarters sometimes and the groups don't silently release these things anonymously they care about their reputation and they try to be, you know, release stuff the fast or the most prolific and so reputation actually means a lot to them it's all they have so what needs to happen is that they need to sign their metadata and their metadata talks about their release and they need to defend their reputation it doesn't matter how exactly I mean you can use X509 based signing you can use PGP based signing but what needs to happen in the community is there needs to be some standardization and everyone needs to start doing roughly the same thing and I think this is a key to help their reputations and to help the integrity of the data that's being copied and also at the end of the day because of the malware that's being distributed and the root kits are being distributed regardless of how you feel about piracy there's probably not a lot of people here except for that one in the back that wants bigger botnets and wants more malware out there and if the integrity of this data is not there then this malware will continue to be propagated I like metadata I like metadata a lot so there's a couple kinds of metadata that are associated with each piece of content one is kind of the peer descriptor of the content itself and a good example of that is the information you'll find at IMDB and there's a ton of it in that example you know who's in the movie all the credits all sorts of metadata can be grabbed and that describes the actual content now Pirates don't need to include any of that really what their metadata needs to include a pointer to the metadata for the actual content but their content is different than the actual content their content has things like your release group your quality, your version, your codecs used the hash of the actual files that you're talking about so you describe that file and how, what its characteristics are and give a lot of information so people can look at it and analyze it and then hopefully in an ideal world we can do this in a relatively standardized way because the moment we standardize all this metadata and signatures then we can use other tools to look at this and to browse content and to make Piracy a much more enjoyable experience and I certainly look forward to I don't know, not really Google's version of the future their version of the future is all the content in the world is available at your fingertips that's their vision of the future and I'm with them there up until the point that Google hosts it all so the idea of a ubiquitous global library I think is a really compelling one and I think that vision can make the world a better place so there's no risk to the signing like the idea of signing your criminal acts signing the information that admits that you're a criminal you've already admitted you're a criminal and being part of one of these groups and you're already telling people what your information about your group and your private key well yeah, that's going to be on your hard drive but if it gets to the point where people are knocking down your door and taking your hard drive the private key is probably the least of your worries so I wouldn't worry about that too much a couple of other points I want to touch upon is the idea of bodies of knowledge and I talked about it before a little bit with fish information, right? all the aquarium information you could possibly want to know about and if you go online you'll notice that there's these bodies of knowledge in academic areas and in specific areas of content particularly with ebooks because ebooks are small enough where you can actually distribute huge large bodies of knowledge and what you get is nearly all books on x, y and z subjects and currently there's bodies of these collections of content that are 4, 8 or 16 gigs large but as our storage capacity increases and Blu-ray becomes ubiquitous and affordable and whatnot and our bandwidth also increases you'll see these bodies of knowledge and essentially you have private librarians maintaining these and maintaining their own personal archives of these bodies of knowledge and this is going to happen this is going to continue into the future and it's kind of exciting another note I want to make is regarding hard drives the hard drive manufacturers know this there was a point in my life when I was pirating software which I don't do because I'm risk averse these days because my asshole friend but there's a time I said I don't support the software industry I support the hardware industry and I think that's true with a lot of pirates they spend a lot of money on hard drives they spend a lot of time on computer hardware and the hard drive manufacturers have stated this publicly they know that terabyte drives that they're selling and the quantity of they're selling are not being filled up with high definition quality content of their children running around now they know that pirates make their business viable and I'm glad to have been a part of that way back past when the statute of limitations occurred of course and as we see pedabyte drives in the future we'll see these bodies of knowledge increase to a great amount and there's one type of piracy that will be nearly impossible and has been nearly impossible to deal with and the content industry won't be able to do anything about it can't do anything about it and that is physical exchanges of information you go to someone's house you send them a hard drive in the mail and suddenly they have a terabyte of this content maybe you send it encrypted and that's a very difficult thing to deal with but I think the important thing is we have integrity in our data we have clearly classified data we have rich metadata and that we sign our content and that there's some standardization within the pirate community that there's XML formats that people can agree on of how they're going to describe their metadata for these various releases that you can do per content type and I think that will also increase the security of the internet as people are not infected with this much malware it's my understanding that I'm going to be taken to another question and answer room in a few minutes here or a couple minutes I have about three or so minutes left in my speech I'd just like to thank you all for coming and be ethical, have fun and thanks for coming