Okay, very good morning. It is Friday 29th of January. Hope you're doing well. Thought I would start off with this fairly comical situation with this tweet from Robin Hood. Not the Robin Hood, the actual Robin Hood, and I had to give this a shout out. This is the actual home of the worldwide Robin Hood Society, of course, based in Sherwood, Nottingham in England, and they tweeted last night. Lovely to have all these new followers. Can we just check that you're actually wanting to follow the Robin Hood Society and Nottinghamshire? Not the Robin Hood app, either way. Big welcome from Sherwood, and yeah, I mean, how many followers have they got now? They've gone up to 33,000. Don't know what they were before, but absolute crazy, crazy, crazy town, but look, let's move on, and as much as we're going to discuss an update on Wall Street bets and so on, because it is definitely being a factor for markets for sure this week, let's just have a quick look at what's been going on. So we had a high close on Wall Street last night. So a full, almost reversal in much of the sudden pressure that took place the day before when that initial kind of more focused concentration of liquidation perhaps led some of that selling pressure. So on Wall Street, we actually closed up about one and a half percent of the S&P. Now up a cent, and that's like up around 1.3. However, during the Asia Pacific trading hours, things have kind of soured again somewhat. And you can see here in these index futures, I mean, there's really nothing that's happened overnight, the Asia Pacific session, but we've kind of reversed that game, but back to where we were. So quite a seesaw price action seen across the board, really similar kind of price movements observed in some of the currency markets. So quite evident here in Eurodollar top left gold as well. It did ramp up at one point yesterday, but then came all the way back down by the time that Europe exited the market oil as well, seeing similar type of price movement, but pretty much a scratch from where we were just 24 hours ago. So, yeah, at the moment, I'd say the market is in a little bit of an unusual price pattern. I think fundamentally, I mean, I'm going to update you beyond Wall Street bets and things like the vaccine. There's an update on Italy. There's the earnings and data coming up. But ultimately, I think at the moment, short term intraday directional, fundamental biases are pretty limited, don't really see much in the way of the news, but also the actual cues of which market sentiment is derived from is giving much clarity at the moment. So it'd be very much more looking at the session ahead from a training of the futures market of just looking at solid technical areas of interest and generally correlated moves. And also, if you actually think, as per what is normally the case, much of today's movement is more US centric than in the UK European morning. And so I'd be looking for any kind of more directional moves to take place then, but not overthinking it really and not trying to, I guess, create any type of narrative around this movement other than it is pretty indecisive at the moment. And I guess until this storm blows over, which is Wall Street bets and this this kind of challenge from the activist retail market on these hedge funds, then the dust, I think, will settle inevitably on that and the world will move on. But at the moment, we're kind of still in the midst of it for the time being. So yeah, a couple of things to have a look at. One was I just quickly wanted to look at the NASDAQ because I saw some of the technical charts that a few of the guys were showing the Amplify Live Discord room last night. And I put the NASDAQ on a five minute. And I thought the five minute was was quite interesting because, yeah, really nice respect of a trend line in yesterday's session. And you can see here from then the acceleration and price movement that we saw going into the afternoon UK time, respected it literally to the tick in the morning when the US came in and then really getting into the crux of the US session. And then as we come back down here on the five minute chart in the overnight Asia Pacific session, where we found support exactly around that horizontal line that was again a meaningful level for this week going back to Wednesday and Thursday. So yeah, really nice technical response in some of these charts, particularly the NASDAQ, of which as well, one of the guys was also looking at the NASDAQ. I think it was here from a technical support line point of view. So if I quickly just take some of these off, I'll show you what I mean. Trend line. I think he was taking it from this low here and how well that's being respected as this NASDAQ has come off. Certainly, there's been some disruptions off these all time highs. But I guess from a daily point of view, we've had two days of trying to attempt to break that downside trend line that's been in play really since going back to the 10th of November of last year. And if you remember, this is when we were seeing some volatility around the initial this high here was the Pfizer first news and the positive vaccine that came out, which was rejected at the previous all time high. And that horizontal level, obviously, is a really strong point on any breach of this. There's obviously a few areas to have a look at before we'd ever get to that point like here at 12906, a bit lower down then just following the price movement, but a really strong area in that rectangle. But for the moment, that trend line is something I'd bear in mind if we were to see any further downside pressure because it is in fairly close proximity to current price at the moment. So if we did trade heavy later, maybe worth bearing in mind because a breach of that could just open up a bit of a deeper move if that were to materialize. But again, fundamentally, I don't have too much of a bias really. I'm coming into this just just just monitoring price action rather than any preconceived idea of how I think really today is going to play out. But look, there's a few things that I need to to talk about on this whole GameStop and Wall Street bets. Actually, Eddie's going to do another chat with me to update about some of these brokerages which has caused outrage amongst a lot of these retail traders that have been quite focused on this concentrated kind of sector of companies with high short interest.  I've written some notes here of a few things and a few points that I wanted to stress. And first of all, as you can see here, GameStop fell heavy yesterday, around 44 percent. And that came after Robin Hood, Interactive Brokers, some others took steps to curtail activity in a lot of these high flying stocks. So AMC, GameStop being some of the main ones. AMC were down about 57 percent yesterday. Volume also fell as a byproduct of that to give context. There was about 55 million shares traded as of the afternoon on Thursday compared to Friday's record of 197 million. As you can expect, then, the kind of self-entitled degenerates were just outraged. Twitter was just on fire, as were most social media platforms. There was lots of memes going around. I think the Robin Hood app, which had like a 4.8 rating, has gone down to one, for example, as the mob attack. But lawmakers also had a thing to say about this as well. A lot of them were talking about this idea, about how, obviously, in line with that crowd, that this is unfair, it's unjustified, you know, let's not forget Robin Hood's slogan is to democratise finance for all, which is quite the opposite if you're banning these people from now being able to participate in the market, seemingly after they've caused this type of disruption. A few other points before I get into some of the reason and rationale why they took that action. Goldman Sachs's basket of stocks favoured by hedge funds. Remember, I talked about this the day before. That actually jumped yesterday, the most since early November, having that prior day fallen by the most since September. So, yeah, continue to see some pretty seesaw movement at the moment. A couple of things, though, to be aware of here. The action taken by these guys, I don't think is that rare. I mean, this is some of the headlines here, and I'll talk you through what this actually means. So whenever there is extreme volatility, it is actually quite a normal procedure for these brokers to look to protect themselves. I remember back several years ago, when before I worked at Amplify, the company I used to work for, we used to provide a service of analysis and research, and one of our clients was a broker called Al Pari. And Al Pari was a substantially large broker at the time. And they were a fairly large client for us. They used to then use our research and pass it on to a lot of their kind of clients. But when the Swiss National Bank dropped the peg on their currency, you remember when the 120 floor went, they were so ill-prepared for the extreme price reaction that that created that they basically didn't have the margin and couldn't cover that move. And actually they went from being a huge broker to going bust in literally a matter of minutes. And obviously it was a thing that stood out very much so over the years. Having seen that in a major size client just get annihilated by a market move in a matter of minutes. So then taking action, the likes of interactive brokers. Robin Hood, obviously, is the one that's in focus, giving this kind of low commission, new culture that's created easier access to these markets. And what this has led to then is the depository trust and clearing corp. They're kind of short until the DTCC. They said to have deemed significantly more collateral from its member brokers because of this excess volatility at the moment. And what Robin Hood is said to have done the FT citing people for the matter was that at least 700 million dollars were drawn down via credit facilities with a number of big Wall Street institutions like JP, Goldman's, MS, Barclays, Wells Fargo. This, of course, has created then a narrative for conspiracy that, you know, this is the brokers protecting customers is a facade then for facilitating more better relationships with their institutional backers. Because obviously they're getting these credit lines from Wall Street in that respect. But quite honestly, I think if you cut through this kind of very emotional situation that these people are expressing at the moment and understandably so, you know, it's not right that they're not able to exercise their freedom to operate in the market and do as what they say in the truest sense. But, you know, the reality is that this is a purely operational risk reaction from these particular companies to facilitate this type of interaction in the market.  But, you know, as far as these kind of conspiracies that no doubt will go through these online message boards, I mean, I think you're getting a little bit carried away there. This is just a natural order of how these things work. And so, yeah, I mean, a political context as well. I think there was a little bit of read across, wrote some notes here about how I saw one person commenting. I thought it was a little bit interesting that it's better to face if you're Robin Hood, it's better to face the anger of your customers now, rather than let this thing get even bigger to then ultimately when it does harm probably then not the more sophisticated people who are into this trade doing these types of plays early. But when the mass start jumping in who are uneducated about exactly what is they're doing and they get harmed financially and badly, it's the company will be held accountable. So is it better to take action now before the beast gets so big that it's going to go bang in the future and the company is going to going to cease to exist full stop. So could well be that they're going to accelerate that now, given the outrage that it's caused. But I think, again, it's probably a necessary thing for them to have done. So the other thing that did happen last night that you should be aware of was that Robin Hood actually did come out last night and they said that they plan to allow limited buys of these securities, these securities being those ones in focus like GameStop. And they said they'll continue to monitor the situation and may make adjustments as needed. They actually saw GME shares rise over 60% last night.  So it was bearing that in mind. So all in all, look, Eddie's going to put out an update on this. I'm not going to talk about it any further for the time being. Let's talk a little bit about vaccines, just some quick updates on some other things. This is just a further follow through of the story that's been developing throughout the week. EU governments under fire over the shortfall of deliveries from the lives of Astra that use executive arm today or require companies to seek to ship their inoculations outside the block or require them, excuse me, to seek basically prior authorization. And this is that idea about a degree of protectionism with EU feeling unjustified that a lot of these pharmaceutical companies are woefully short of their delivery targets that they initially promised. So yeah, just a latest update on what's been a developing story. Perhaps the more interesting one on the vaccine front is one out of Novavax. They've said it's coronavirus vaccine was 89.3% effective preventing COVID-19 in a trial conducted in the UK and was nearly as effective in protecting against the more highly contagious variant first discovered in the UK, albeit against the South African variant. It was a little bit lower down at 49%. But this is meaningful. It's the first kind of real credible study that we've had that really goes into greater statistical detail on the effectiveness on the new variants. And the fact of the matter is it does work on these variants. I guess it's the bottom line. So good on twofold, two, two different fronts, one on that side on the effectiveness on the variants and getting some concrete clarity on that. But to just more vaccines coming to market, obviously, it's going to be beneficial for the overall distribution globally. Quick look then at the calendar for today. Sorry, as this morning is concerned, you've got the German data coming out later on this morning. So 855, you get the unemployment rate out of Germany. Followed by then the German flash GDP number for Q4, which we're expecting a flat reading after the bounce back that we had of 8.5% previous. And then going into the US afternoon, you've got Core, PCE, Chicago PMI and the Jan Final University of Michigan figure. Again, from these data points, I'm not expecting too much in the way of reaction, even though these would typically be quite important. I don't think they really, in context of the recent FMC meeting this week are going to be game changers for that thinking of what the Fed are going to do. So as a consequence, I don't think that unless there's a market technically hanging on a precarious level, let's say of support or challenging a resistance point, I don't think beyond just being a spark of catalyst of price movement that these are really going to define a session for today. But nonetheless, I think definitely around the 1.30, 2.45 Chicago PMI, you need to be aware that those things are coming out. Probably the open on Wall Street, more interesting just to see given the volatility that we've had. So monitoring that timings wise, as well as the correlation mix, just generally to get an idea of how sentiment is playing out. Earnings wise, you do have a few to look out for pre market. Caterpillar is probably one of the more interesting and then Chevron, Honeywell, some of the other large cap names as well that are coming out. One of the final piece of news as well, just looking at BTPs. They have BTPs did break out of their range late yesterday to the upside. So yours coming down a touch in Italy. We did have comments last night that the Italian Viva leader Matteo Renzi, the one who initiated this whole new political instability by pulling his junior coalition a few weeks ago. He has said last night he's ready to help form a new government and he refers to a political government but would also back a technocrat government as well. And so this comes as obviously Conti is trying to look to form a new shaped coalition government and getting Renzi back in. Could be a way of doing that. And that averts then, let's say, lowest the probability of snap elections, which is perceived as a more net positive short term for Italian assets. All right, that is it. I'm going to wish you a good session ahead and a great weekend. And I will see you in the discord room on Amplify Live. Thanks very much.


My name is Zachary Borg. I'm a freshman at the university and I'm currently majoring in biology. I had been notified that I had been exposed to the virus by one of my friends. I isolated myself that night and then I got tested that Sunday at 11 o'clock. I got my results on Sunday at around 11 30, so only like 30 minutes after I got tested, which I think is awesome personally. The email that I got from my test results, they told me to contact the COVID hotline and then they gave me a list of all the things I needed to pack. They sent me an email where I would be staying, how to get access to my room. I had to then pack everything up that I needed for the next 10 days, drove over to the highlands and kind of get settled. And every time that people always ask me the first like two questions that come into their mind are how are you getting food and how are you getting access to your classes? And it's a little bit scary at first and it's understandable, but they have a really good system set up to where you're getting your meals. So I get dinner every night and then I also get breakfast and lunch for the day after, so it's kind of a cycle. And then in regards to classes, I just I was proactive about the situation. I emailed all my professors letting them know about the situation. All of them were very understanding and overall the experience those two things specifically has not been intimidating, I guess. The university is doing all the steps it needs to be doing in order to keep you comfortable. And if you're not comfortable for some reason, you can contact the COVID hotline. There's so many people and so many resources you can access. I just kept on hearing people who were scared and I was too admittedly, who were scared of getting tested because they knew that the result, if it was positive, would make them have to move into a place that they'd be uncomfortable in. And I'm not going to lie and say that this has been a great experience. I'm not going to say that this has been perfect by any means. It's been emotionally hard, but all the resources that I need access to are given to me. We all want to have a sense of responsibility for each other at the university. If we have that sense of responsibility by going to get tested and not being scared of the outcome of it, then that will help us remain here for the rest of the fall semester.


Welcome friends, so this is another question of the day problem today I posted this question which says the numbers 1 through 20 are written in a row Now two players take turns putting plus signs and minus signs between the numbers and all such signs have been placed The resulting expression is evaluated that is addition and subtractions are performed The first player wins if the sum is even and the second wins if the sum is odd So the question is who will win and how now I have written these 20 numbers Not in a row, but you know in two rows But I have also shown some boxes where pluses or minus sign has to be placed now Let us say the first person, you know Puts this here Let us say plus sign between five and six and the second person puts minus sign like that and then again you know The first person puts minus here and the second person plus puts plus here and likewise he does it so we have to find out who will win and the player who wins if the sum is even and Second player wins wins if the sum is odd now if you see if you put any How many even numbers are there here? There are 10 even numbers. So basically there are 10 even numbers and and 10 odd numbers and odd Numbers, isn't it? now if you have 10 odd numbers then Let's take let's take case by case then even numbers are nothing but two four six eight ten likewise till 20 and Ten odd numbers are one three five seven likewise till 19, right? Now if you put any so basically what will happen? There will be either a plus sign or a minus sign In front of in all these digits, isn't it? Let us say for example when this guy was placing some sign between 15 and 16 So he has two choices either he will put plus 16 or he will put minus 16, right? so hence we can say that Along with all the numbers present here There will be either a plus sign or a minus sign, okay? So now let us take the case of even numbers now whether there is a plus sign ahead of two four six eight ten or a minus sign the result of all this sum together will always be even why because even plus even is even even plus even is equal to even and even minus even is also even Isn't it now come to the odd part of this so odd odd numbers are one three five seven now again There will be these numbers will be associated with either plus or minus sign now. We have ten odd numbers So basically ten odd numbers are there Then odd numbers are there that means I have five pairs of five pairs of odd numbers Is it it five pairs of odd numbers now if there are pairs of odd numbers? So whether whether two odd numbers are added or Subtracted the result is always even right so odd plus odd is equal to even and odd Minus odd is also even right and there are five such pairs So there will be five even numbers isn't it so we switch we saw in case one also there are the result is even so hence In case one there will be the result is even when this is nothing but all even numbers when all even numbers were considered the Some or the or the difference the total that is the calculation calculated value will be even and when all odd numbers were considered Then also there is a result of even right so even number is the result now even plus and again minus either even though adding the two even numbers and Adding that or subtracting the two even numbers will again get a Even number is it so hence what do we see? Irrespective of wherever the signs are put the result will always be even why again Some or differences of n even numbers will always result into a even number similarly some and differences of N odd numbers or five pairs of your number odd number. Sorry, we'll always result in a Even number so hence even plus minus even is even is it it? So food for thought for you will be what if we instead of taking first 20 20 numbers We would have taken let us say first 21 numbers that is after 20 we had 21 also then who would have won This is for you to do as an exercise. Thank you


Yrda'r newid ar y froma phrydau? Beth yn cynnig yn ddiogel i ddechrau! Yn hyd gwael i'r cofnod, Rwy'n meddwl yn ffrwng rydyn ni'n meddwl am ymddangos. Hefyd rydyn ni wedi bod wedi ymddangos i gref, Mae'r gwythbwyll yn bryd gwych i ddweud rydyn nhw. Rydyn ni'n meddwl, yn rtwnod yrgynnu hyffrwyr. Rydyn ni yn registeru, oherwydd mae'n lle beth ddim yn colliadol ar y ciw. maen chi'n gwneud hynny maen nhw'n dweud a cynllun o'i edrych. Dyna, yn y meantime neu'n ddigonio'r byr. Felly, nid o fewn i gyfweld replaced yma, ond os oedd iddo ddiogel ymrwyngau'n siaradol o'r dyfodol rhai oed. Gwypt mae hi'n hyn oedd? Pwysig, wedi bod rhywbeth ar y bod. Fynau bod yn rhywbethion i'r rai? A dwi'n faddo i ni, ei fod wych yn yn ni, yn unrwynt yw pwysig. Dyna, hefyd, hefyd, Felly mae'n iawn i fewn i wasi. Drodde o'r cair mennyddiadau bryd, mae'n amser weithio i fusiunio, ac mae'n gwneud i ddysgu, a nowa'n gwsfaint drwy'n bryd. Llywodraeth y brif yn gwneud y brif o'r ddweud hynny? Rwy'n meddwl. Felly Corll hi'n gweithio'n gweithio'n edrych byw am rhaid i rhai, ac mae'n meddwl dechrau. Rwy'n meddwl eraill neu'n meddwl goinghau. Mae'n gweithio i'r gwrdd ac mae'n meddwl i'r gweithio'n meddwl.  Ac mae'n bwysig. Yn difch chi'n siarad o'r rhai learnau. Dyna sefydl i ein bwysig sy'n defnyddio'r bwysig sy'n rai arno fel mae'n gyfbros. Felly mae'n broaddur o'r ffordd o'r sgol. mae'n gwneud o'r mwybodaeth ffordd arno. Mae oedd yn mawr ei gweld o'r pwysig o gilyddol gweithio'r bwysig, a dwi'n iawn i'n gweithio samre. Rwy'n cael bod yn gwneud yn dŵr daeth, sydd hynny'n dda'r blaenol, Yn cystadion sy'n ddigonodd, dweud a'r dweud sut amdoedd y diobaeth ar yr oedd yn y bwysig? EYd wedi bod yw'n yw hwnna. Yn gyfenni'r awd edrych am gŵr i gyd yn ei gyd, yna'n ganddon o'r gynllunio. Yna'r ganddon o'r gynllunio, mae'na arnyn amlwg fwy o'n gweffwyr a'r busug meddlen o'r hwn, y gweithio ar gyfer IK-Tamol a'r oedden nhw, byddai i gyd wedi arniol conflu i chi allan i chi gyd yn Ym Mydweith, I'r cwysig hwn i'r pwyllt i'n gweithio ar ffordd. I gaelói ni'n gwag i'n gweithio i'r awyr fi, mae'r cwysig wedi'n fosbydd ar gyfer ei newydd. Ond o'n mynd i gymryd. Rwy'n meddwl o'r gwirionedd. Rwy'n meddwl i'r clymau, oherwydd mae'r gaelio'n fath gweithio ar gyfer y bwysig. Ond bydd y gallwch chi'n teimlad ar hyn i'n gweithio'r gweithio, a grefio bendwydol yn ddidd提 hyn. Diolch i'r ffordd i'w Jordan Gibson, a'r gael i'r bearshwys fel gyfrant, ac i fynd yn fyw gweld i'n amser i ddim yn fwyfodol. A'r ddim yn fawr i'ch ddim yn fyw yma'r resawd? Ye, aeth yn fyw, mwy pob yn gweld i Jordan because we had no kind of strikers for y Ystid. Felly, we played him in a... I say, a false nine. We played him up front to roam about, and I think he flourished and really enjoyed that. As I said when I first came in, we've got so many players who can play on the left hand side, and that's where Jordan, if you asked Jordan, his best position would be coming in off the left, which we've done with Shea. He got his two goals against Stevenidge, and we've got players who play naturally out there anyway. We've got Glenn Middleton and Pritch who played there at my first game. Mae'r quflaenau tydd, yn nhw'n yn ymddydd. Mae'r gwaith o'r gwaith. Mae'r gwaith o'u gwaith dywy'r eich syniad yn hynod. Mae'n effoedd clyw dependidol, mae'n rhai hwnnw. Glam Middolton eraill yn y analogy. Mae'r gwaith yn hyn y gwaith. Glam Middolton eraill yn hwnnw. Mae'r gwaith ar y gweithio, mae'r gwaith ar y gwaith ar y gwaith. Mae oedda'n ddim eich gweithio gwaith fel eich cyfarion. Mae'r gwaith yw cynnwys, gwysig i roedda, pan iddyn nhw'n gŷtadu chi i'w gogwyntgaru, a dweud i chi ydydd y nodi'n gwybod. Felly, mae'n hynny yn cael ei wneud ei colllei, wel i'r 11 o bobl, ond mae'n bobl yma'r 18. Felly, mae'n cael ei bod yn gwneud y lleiaid â'r 18 wedi'u painu gweld yr eich gwneud yma i'r y glasau. Felly, mae'n gweld i'w ran i'n glasau i gwyntio i gyd. Mae'n bod wedi sian iawn i'r eich gwneud, Mae'n gwasvwyr o'r wŵith, oherwydd mae'n amlwg ar gyfer y rheswn, ac yn ystod yw'r aelodau sy'n lle byddai'r blaid. Mae'n ddweud i'r byw i'r hyn o'r community ac byddai fath yn ymgyrch. Oni'n gweithio'n gwybod yn ymgyrch chi'n gweithio ac maen nhw'n rhaid i'n hyn. Mae'n rhaid i'n gweithio'n gwybod ymlaen nhw'n gwneud y cyffredin, a'r gweithio'n gweithio'n cyffredin gweithio'n cyffredin? Yes that has been the key. Last week was difficult with the weather. This week it has been a little more steady we have managed to go up and turn away from here on Monday and Tuesday on a decent surface and we have come back and it is the first time we have turned on our training ground today. We still have a little bit of debris from the flow from the river there on it but it was fine and we had a split squad and now we have 14 training today obviously the other Ond ti wedi'i 12, yr Nôr, 14 yn dweud yn dweud. Mae'r ddechrau i ddod â'r Lads, ond mae'n gallu gael, ond mae'n gwneud o'r gweithio. Diolch yn ni'n credu. Mae'n gwneud i ddweud yn rhan oherwydd i chi'n cael eu gwneud i chi'n rhan oherwydd i chi'n creu. Rwy'n dweud i'r personal. Callum Cuck yn y bench yn y rheswll â Plomysargal. Gopi'r teimd i chi ddod i chi'n gwneud i chi'n cymryd ystafell? Well, he started in our first game and that's obviously then he did his back, he wasn't 100% fit last week, he's had a good training week under his belt, but I think you can say that about a few players, there'll be a few lads who are pritch-played in a sort of a central midfield role on Wednesday and did really well, he had to start when I first came in on the left hand side, so it's been, you know, people just sort of jostling for positions really and trying to make the mark wherever they play, you know, Tails has played it right back on Wednesday and did a, you know, did a good job, Jordan playing up front, which he hadn't played, probably played on his own before, you know, so they're all playing different positions to make sure, you know, as Kenny said to him after the game, there's no training session yesterday, he could have given what the game gave him against good opposition, good surface and a good workout as well, so, but yeah, there's everyone, not just Callum, but there's a few knocking wanting to get in and that's what we want, we want people, we want obviously good for places, we want people to really bust in the gut to try to get in their good competition and that's what we seem to have at the minute. I've asked you this before, but naturally with time and more time you get to understand the squad a lot better, how close are you now in this position to knowing your best squad? Best starting 11, it'll be horses for courses, it always has been for me, as I said before, what was right against Plymouth last week with him playing a, you know, a back three, might not be right for going away from home, a soul for Dua, probably similar to us in a lot of ways, play 4-4-2, so we will look at lots of different things, but certainly I think in each training session we go through it's just about good habits, good habits first and foremost, drill them into the lads and then it becomes second nature. If you lose a ball, make sure you try to win it back, just little things encouragement, we'll all make mistakes, so just little things we're hoping to be seeing then taking on. We've done a little bit of work certainly today on the defensive after looking at it and analysing it on the video on Tuesday and pointing it out, then we come out today and do a little bit of work on certain things that we need to tweak when we're defending. There's always challenges and stuff to work on, but that's good, as long as you can see that they're taking it on board, which they have been up to now, then that's hopefully the way forward, as I said, to learn and then they'll improve and then hopefully succeed. You mentioned after the Plymouth result that there was still a lot of work for your squad to do, is that then, from what you said there, that the main part of the defensively and trying to deal with those situations towards the end of the game? Yeah, I think when you look back at the game against the good Plymouth, as I said, some good footballers in that side and they're playing in a confident manner. I think we gave them only maybe two, not even that, opportunities in first half when it was 11-v-11 and both came from our sloppyness at throw-ins in our own half, which we've got to eradicate. But then second half, as well as we started and could have gone three, four, five in the loop, they had appeared, I would say, 25 minutes when they got into too many dangerous areas for our liking. We went too deep, so we needed to engage the ball quicker, naturally to lose a goal at any time, but against nine men just took the gloss off everything. Yes, we should have been finishing with it, but it's got both second half. There was a lot to learn and a lot to pick out and hopefully a lot to improve on. As I said, we've worked on that this week and it's something, it's not you're working it for one session, you forget about it, it's an ongoing thing. When you see sort of deficiencies, if you like, or weaknesses that we can improve on, then that's what you've got to try to do without forgetting all the other aspects, just because we were OK attacking last week, you've got a full week to work and that's what we'd love to do and enjoy being on the training ground. Even though the surface has been OK today, the weather's been great and it's nice to get out in the fresh air. So, as I said to him every day, it's a joy to be a footballer and being part of football, so just go relish it and enjoy it. I was saying earlier, I was starting to forget what the sun looked like actually recently. Going into Saturday, what do you make of Salford as an opponent?  No, I went to watch them last season when I was at school and thought we were going to play them in the cup, but they got beat by Shrewsbury actually, because we were drawn to play them, so I've been to the ground once, but I just have to look at what the players that they brought even in in January and look at the bench at the moment. They've got a lot of experienced players. Obviously they've just brought Gibson in and we used to be at Manchester United, they've come away. Rooney's not getting a game from them, they've got a lot of players there. I think they can only name six on the bench because I don't think they've got one that's come through the ranks, but they can change it up up front. Obviously they've brought the boy Wilson in who used to be at Manchester United or Santee up there. It's Tom Elliott who used to be at Wimbledon and went to Millwall. Again, they've got a big, big squad to choose from and a lot of quality in there. It's funny how the results, I think they've lost the last two home games but won the last two away games, so they'll be looking to put a marker down at home. I would imagine Graham, even though the, I don't know how many points were from the play-off seventh, I don't know how many points, eight, nine, whatever, they'll still think if they can have a run. With the squad they've got, they're more than capable going on a run. I think we've sold out our allocation, it should be a good atmosphere. From our point of view, it's a game that we've got to go relish and enjoy and stamp as authority and start improving on that dismal waveform. Well, that's it there, isn't it? You mentioned it, they're going into this business end of the season. Points to play for and that's offered themselves like you've alluded to. They've got to go and try and get a result to catch you in your position and likewise you need to get those points to try and break into that top seven. Yeah, listen, I've no doubt they'll be coming out of the traps and they'll want a victory. As I said, they've not won at home for a wee while. But likewise, I mean, even the game since I've been here, how tight they've been. When we talk about fine lines and narrow margins, I think we've lost obviously twice to one. We won two-one, the two games we've won two-one and then Stephen has even scored an injury time to make it three-one. And Grimsley won all, so they've been really not a lot in either game. So it's just getting the fine lines right, organisation that set plays can be key. I look back at the game that Bradford played Salford earlier on in the season. I think Bradford, no, we had to play quite well. Probably should have won it when I look at the chances and the highlights. But we went with a big side that day and I think a lot of the chances came from the set play. So they are valuable naturally. We get our first goal last week through a corner. But it is very, very tight between even sides at the top and sides at the bottom. So the small margins, the little things, you've got to make sure you're on it and that helps you get the result. Is it a sort of surprise to this league, now you're in the thick of it? Yeah, not really. I think, and I'd seen a couple of games before, not a great deal. But I don't think there's much between a lot of sides. Obviously, I think somebody made a comment the other week about Swindon, Crew, Plymouth, the footballing sides in the division. They've all got good pitches. I don't know if that's... It was a manager. I was reading. In fact, I think it was the ex-manager who was complaining about their surface because they liked to play a bit as well. But I think it's a table like any way. If you win two or three, you can get yourself back in there. You lose a couple, you can come out. We've seen it with Northampton, they were up there, they had a bad run. Now they've picked up again and there's a lot of teams, Bradford, Excelsior, I come in, we're up there, we're in the top three. Come out of it, still opportunities for us to get back in. So 10 games to go is it, everyone's saying. You just got to approach each one in a positive frame of mind and hopefully get enough points in this season to be in the mix. Finally, football matters to one side, no doubt coronavirus. You'll have seen what's happening in the news and there's more clubs in the EFL making a decision to put sanctions on their players. I think Sunderland have just said they're not going to let players go away in the international break abroad anyway. I don't know, as a club are you looking to whack upon it at all towards the players? Yeah, no, I think the doc's been in, he's had a chat. As we walk up the steps of the training ground there, there's all the hand-tip back to washes and everything. So yeah, but me personally, I'm stucked up because my Mrs has gone mad on it. We've got 100 tins of spaghetti in case you have a virus or something. Loads of hand washing, toilet roll, so I think we'll be okay. But obviously it's not a laughing matter. It seems to be getting more serious but more talked about, obviously more cases about. But I think you do the basic things right, you wash your hands often. But the players are more than aware of that. But it's funny because the culture that we have, the young players coming through, I think it's the thing now for the young lads always to shake the manager and coach's hands. When they meet and we're after the games, and after the game at Blackburn there on Wednesday, we had about five or six young lads. Some had come on and they come over to make shake my hands out. We're just avoiding them. I say, come on lads, coronavirus stay away. But now it's something everyone's got to be aware of. Every day we're reading about games being behind closed doors and things like that naturally. So yeah, it's something the club are 100% aware of and we'll just follow all the guidelines to make sure that we hopefully stay clear of it as a club. Thank you. How far straight is it for you as the manager, let alone the players, that the ones that have been injured and they're now physically they're okay, just getting that game time back into their legs and they haven't been able to do it? Yeah, honestly, if you could have seen it yesterday, the lads have come off with a smile on their face, a result, but certainly because they've played a game. We've been trying so hard that, listen, you can't, if the elements are against you, we had a game against Huddersfield booked and the conditions just weren't good enough. We couldn't get the pitch, so the pitch was waterlogged. But I think that's just the thing you have with, just wait for Simon so it's four now, he's got us a training venue for tomorrow, that's all right. It's just been frustrating for them as much as anything. But the good thing is we had a game there obviously there and we've got one booked in for Tuesday against Burnley now. So if you're not involved in that 11 or 18, then at least there's something there that you can go and impress in. But it's certainly invaluable. I don't think, listen, going back to my first spell, my second spell here a few years ago, we had the 23s and we were having games every week there and that was brilliant for the lads, the development. We hadn't had enough younger players now to do that. But it has been difficult to arrange the games because most of the clubs around here are playing in the reserve leagues or 23 leagues or whatever it is. So you've just got to try to use your contacts and then hopefully the weather's kind and we can get some game time into them. But yeah, there's nothing like match fitness. You can run and you can train, but actually your different demands in a game are different to what you would do if you were just running up and down the park. And you're going to leave those players? Have you said 10 games yet? Yeah, I mean again, they'll be some disappointed that they're not involved on Saturday. And that's difficult because I couldn't have asked any more from them since last week from the lads who aren't involved on Saturday right through up to today, their application, their effort and the good players being excellent and they'd like to reward that. But I can't reward that if there's 21 people who I think they've all done well and they've shifted. You're always disappointing people. That's just a fact of life at this moment in terms of the size of squad we've got. But then on the flip side it gives us more opportunities and more ways that we can play maybe in people we can use in different areas. Yes. Cromwell and Tarnaw was saying the other day they feel like they're helping some casters or villains of it. It's awful in the sense of the fact that they've got all this celebrity man United backing and they've got plenty of money to play with them. How do you sort of view all that? I know Graham and I know Chris Locati very well. In fact I had a good chat with them when I was down at the St John's a couple of weeks ago at a training camp there at a training session we got a self-getting there a lot of manager around a good chat with them the very professional both of them and I think people raise their eyes when they went out of the league but it was always going to be a club that was on the open they were going to have the financial backing but then you need a little bit more than that when you get to a certain level. So no, I think it's got pluses and minuses I should imagine working there but it's I think they're doing a good job and obviously they've got through to the final of the of the cup which I don't even know its name but they've got through at the final of that after beating Newport on penalty kicks and they'll still be striving to there's no doubt about that still trying to get into them playoffs and as I said with 30 points to play for the squad they've got then they'll give it a right go to the end I'm sure annoying them too as well. Being a fellow manager at this level a little bit every of the resources they might have available? I've not thought about it to be honest I did look in from the outside obviously when I wasn't managing the time look at the players that they brought in in the window and thought they're going to be strong and have a real push I don't think it's got off the ground as yet although I've had a couple as I said good away performance away results and at home they've struggled a little bit of late but no listen everyone's got their own pressures at night so again I've got a lot of respect for the management team over there and it'll be I'm sure it'll be a competitive game if nothing else on Saturday Obviously this is a way of record Do you think it just needs one result just to... I'd like to think so but it's just fine lines again and the recent games you know we've gone ahead in every game I think we've had haven't we so we've got to look, manage the game better certainly the game management's got to be better but it's another opportunity to sort of change the stats really comes out of there I don't want to give it too much thought to the players they've got to go out and continue the good bits from that we've shown since we've been in eradicate some of the negative bits and just hopefully keep improving and while we're doing that picking up points as I said before the home form's good, we know that and I don't think any away point can be sniffed at you know if you come away from Cambridge with a point you come away from Newport or maybe not good enough but you put them two points on we'd be up higher obviously so not that we'll ever ever go anywhere for a point but if you come away with a point and you can win your next home game then if you're taking four points you've got nothing about it so yes we want to win it we want to rid ourselves of this poor but we can talk about it we've got to go do it and away from that certainly from last week's game, the Plymouth game Rowan Loward a bit of a pop after was about Dylan Connolly saying he went down quite easily and rolled around like a baby was his phrase and do you think he's did he get a bit of a bad press there sport right after the game he said the same things to himself a bit of frustration as a manager to reaction I think looking back at it as I said before looking back at the first one that was happening right in front of me I thought the lad was quite reckless I don't know if he caught Dylan he caught him but not as maybe as by the bit you see plays stay down not trying to get him but I think he caught him enough and I think if you actually look at Sonny's reaction he's not absolutely and I don't think I believe they didn't appeal it after the game they said they were going to possibly appeal it you know obviously he didn't play in the midweek game so they didn't appeal it so I think that tells you that they must have thought it was a red my first glance at the second yellow was I thought I got a lot of ball but when you see it it's really difficult he certainly does catch Dylan and Dylan goes over him and then other times he's gone into the hoardings and cut his hand open wide open blood everywhere so I've not thought anything too much of it I'm sure Dylan hasn't he's got to just keep playing in the same manner of his enthusiasm obviously if he can come up with some more goals like he did the other day that would be fantastic but he's an infectious kid he really enjoys his football and I think he shows that in his about the game but I wouldn't give too much thought to what we said after because as managers you have quite frustrated at the time but in the collage there when you look at it I don't think he did anything untoward right now Dylan's got a great pace as well so we often can look worse split seconds you know when you slow it down you do things in full speed it's usually the absolute split second you get there a little bit later and he's over when you're going at speed naturally the quicker you go the higher you fall and higher you spring it certainly looked a little bit dramatic last week but I think in the end I think the red card was justified


Good morning, welcome to stage C Before we start I would like to remind you to run by volunteers and we need more volunteers Most notably to run the to operate the camera and audio system But there are all kind of things that we still need people to take shift for so Yeah, you should really go to volunteer.emfcam.org But for now I will leave you with Caroline Graham who is going to talk to you about open source Hello, first thing I should say is I am not a technology person. I am not even a technology lawyer I'm a corporate lawyer. So I'm speaking to you about issues that derive that arise from from open source software Legally ownership and licensing talking a little bit about the the history and the development of open source and how it has Come to the kind of legal status that it's at now and looking at the future and how to put it on a more sustainable footing Because I think we have some quite major issues about how sustainable open source is in a in a the current environment where Largely it's being developed free of charge by people Which isn't really a model that can operate long term My first encounter with open source is actually relatively recently because as I being a corporate lawyer I haven't had the kind of involvement as that an IT or an IP lawyer would have in this world But I was contacted by a client and I'll talk in a bit more detail about that later just a few years ago Who they had issues with the ownership of their open source product which they had been developing for many years? In a fairly sort of benign environment where they're just been kind of developing it during the day as part of their everyday job and Changes in their employment environment meant that that was now Becoming more challenging and they wanted to protect the open source nature of the software that they had developed themselves over many years And so what we did was that I'll say I'll discuss that in a little bit more detail later on We established a more Sustainable ownership structure to operate that So just for anybody who isn't sort of familiar with the way the open source software is on a legal basis It is software which is licensed. I think it's very Commonly assumed that because something is open source. It's just out there and available, but there is a license That's axiomatic to the whole the whole structure The license is is on certain terms. It is licensed free hence the The open nature of it and it's on terms that grant certain freedoms to the licensee What those freedoms are though? What those terms are I'll talk a little bit more about some of the main licenses that are available at the People commonly use in open source, but it is important to realize that this is That when you use open source software you you're using it on the terms of a legal license a legal contract It's increasingly an important feature of the software landscape there are Nearly all companies now large groups and companies are using some open source in there The IT environment that poses challenges of its own those that there is a lot of people would argue that it's not being managed Very strategically in those organizations because it's not being paid for and not having to go through a procurement process It may be being seen as more of a free-for-all within IT departments and development departments But as mentioned there are a variety of licensing structures That are available and we'll talk about some of those in a bit more detail So it has become increasingly important in the commercial environment Number of reasons for that obviously a lot of technological change now that we have more sort of software-oriented architecture now that we've got more Cloud-based internet this And obviously the the proliferation of different platforms different hardware platforms have made The opens up software much more Relevant in the in the technological space the economic environment since 2008 has also meant that in order to achieve a sort of competitive advantage People are looking for lower cost bases for that for their development projects It's also regarded as as more You can innovate more quickly off an open source platform And there is more collaboration possible in certain areas which is seen as key in the economic environment now And the changing strategic approach of large users the flexibility and the shorter development times as seen as Critical to just getting projects off the ground. So there's been a huge change in the way it's being used Okay, so Talk about the free software foundation founded in 1985 by Richard Sturman This was the beginning reps of the philosophy of open source. He was a an academic at MIT. He was being required to Operate anything that he developed was was going out on commercial licenses and he was very unhappy with the way that was that was operating And he left MIT and set up the free software foundation to oversee the GNU project the development of the operating system Which obviously became became Linux the kernel of Linux GNU, I love that it actually stands as a recursive argument stands for GNU's not Unix and this was an attempt to undermine the Unix dominance in the market for freedoms were would if he were Those which he considered to be kind of key to what open source is the the right to run the software for any purpose commercially or otherwise Anything you want to do to access and freely adapt source code to redistribute to anyone, but that's the The interesting part of I think what Richard Sturman was trying to do you are able to redistribute the software to anyone you're able to adapt it and Derive your own product from it but when you do so and this is one of this is the Restrictive licensing model when you do so you are obliged to license whatever you've derived on the same Terms so you can't take this at the free software and essentially use it for commercial purposes I'm just going to read a little bit from the the GNU manifesto The Free Software Foundation manifesto which Richard Sturman devised because I think that this kind of reflects the philosophical underpinning of Of the whole movement It has many things are changing underneath this now, but I think this is this is useful Richard Sturman said I consider it the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must share it with other people who like it Software sellers want to divide the users and conquer them making each user agree not to share with others I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this way I cannot in good conscience sign a non-disclosure agreement or a software license agreement So that I can continue to use computers without dishonour I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to get along without any software That is not free once GNU is written everyone will be able to obtain good system software free just like air This means much more than saving everyone the price of a UNIX license It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be avoided This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of it is destructive Because the restrictions reduce the amount and the ways that the program can be used This reduces the amount of wealth that humanity derives from the program when there is a deliberate choice to restrict the harmful consequences our deliberate destruction So you see it's very philosophical very ideological and a bit hippie ish really a bit a bit commie And it was felt by the late 90s as the ideal that sort of ideological approach was receding it began to be felt that that was getting in the way of the wider adoption of open-source and the open-source initiative was set up in the late 90s with their own definition and this essentially On the slide of the the ten components of the definition of open-source software for these purposes I think that Perhaps the most interesting Aspect of this is that there is that the authors of derived work can retain the source code and that you have a freedom to Distribute derived works on any terms you like so in contrast to the GNU and the licenses on that model You're into you're allowed to make money off of it in essence So to come to that we now are dealing with a variety of licensing models that operate in parallel first the restrictive or copy-left approach and This is the in the model of the GNU license This is the the idea that whatever you derive from the open-source software you must License that on the same terms so that it carries on being a fully open-source product the GPL the general public license is the kind of core example of this Only a 36 percent market share now in 2010 the GPL represented 64 percent of open-source software And now it's only 36 is massively in decline as a as a model of licensing the permissive license Has is very much in the ascendant the MIT license is now Accounts for 26 percent of the code license in open-source and in 2010 that was only 4 percent Similarly the Apache license 16 percent now only 4 percent in 2010 Another of those are the BSD licenses accounts for about 6 percent my personal favorite Less than 1 percent of the market, but it's the do what the fuck you want to public license I think that's a great name, and it pretty much sums up what it's all about This is the trend we're going towards a permissive licensing structure personally because I'm attracted to the The free-for-all model. I think it's a bit of a shame that we're going that way but if it means that that the Whole concept of open-source is getting more gaining more traction than I guess a surprise worth paying But I want to talk a little bit because as I say, I'm not a technology geek, but I am a legal geek And I'm very interested in the way the GPL works. I find it a very subversive Model of licensing it takes what we normally expect intellectual property law to be doing and Turns it on its head and turns it to the advantage of the licensee We think about intellectual property law as protecting the intellectual rights of the creator Often referred to as creators rights. That's what we tend to assume. It's there to do and What the GPL does is say that the if you use what you have received under this license What you're entitled to use under this license you must license it back on the same terms it perpetuates an open Type of intellectual property ownership and intellectual property licensing when I say though that we we start from the point of view of Thinking of intellectual property law as a protecting of somebody's rights of into enabling them to benefit financially usually from their own intellectual work in Fact whilst that is true if you go back to the original reasons for the patent system Which is the first of the intellectual property Models to get developed if you go back and look at where that comes from The purpose of patent law originally was not to protect people's ownership because people were doing that through secrecy It was actually to achieve Openness it was to you got to the protection of the law only if you published The technology that you had developed the idea was that it massively speeded up the progress of technological development by making prior inventions accessible and Readable to the public to people who might develop them it moved it forward and in that sense The GPL is actually rather similar to that Approach it takes what what has been achieved and says develop it but publish it It just doesn't give people the commercial protection and I'll come on to why I think that's an issue As I say you invert what we usually think of as the purpose of the law I also as a legal geek find the GPL quite exciting because it's got no governing law clause It doesn't say it's governed by English law or New York law or Delaware law.  You have to go. Okay. Who is making the contract with whom in what state? It's therefore it can be interpreted differently under different legal systems So that's great in in certain environments in French in the French courts. It's a real problem because French the French Legal system massively prioritizes creators rights and intellectual property rights as a personal asset The GPL is very difficult to operate in France the key terms of the GPL Perpetual and irrevocable So once you've granted the license you can't pull it back if you've granted if you've Issued your software under the GPL. There's no kind of pulling it back in and relicensing it on a different basis It's out there and you can't revoke it You have complete freedom as a licensee under the GPL to do whatever you like with the software But as soon as you distribute or convey the software to anybody else Whether that's as itself or as part of a derived product that you've created at that point You are restricted in what you can do. You are as I've said before obliged to license it on the same terms Any breach of the license so if you purport to distribute the software and don't do so under the GPL revokes your rights under the license that you Benefit it. You're benefiting from but that's really Tricky as well because what happens if you have licensed something that comprises The software that you're the beneficiary of you on license it to somebody else What happens then if your license is revoked then you have nothing to license yourself So the license is specific on that also all downstream licensing Is included in the original license so it's a completely flat structure. There's no license and sub license and sub sub license It's just everybody benefits from the original software under the original license that it's sent out in even if that now is part of a derived product The Apache license is a little different as I said, this is more. This is a permissive license that you can do what you like So once again perpetual and irrevocable But in this case it permits reproduction And the distribution of all of the original software and derivative works and you can charge for that You can do that on any terms you like you're not obliged to replicate the terms of the license under which you benefit There are conditions relating to attribution so that you can do what you like with it You're not allowed to claim that you created it And derivative works You can issue on any terms you like essentially the MIT license Has four paragraphs in it. It's all on one page and essentially it says you can do anything you like But the authors attribution rights are protected and that's broadly all it does very very short-form license so looking at Whichever model of open source you're operating the original creator of the of the software We've got to start looking I think now as I say, I'm massively attracted Philosophically to the idea that that software is out there. It's a public good, you know A force for good in the world as I say on my slide. I'm very attracted to that idea I'm very frustrated by part of Richard Storman's part that I didn't read Richard Storman's FSF manifesto where he says Surely software developers have a right to be rewarded for their work and he goes well, you don't have to be a software developer Which I just think is an absolutely ridiculous approach to these things, you know Everybody has the right to be rewarded for their work. We have somehow to Everyone has to eat everyone has to pay the bills. We somehow have to set up a structure for open source software where that is achievable I'll come on to talk about different ways that we might do that Let's say We are looking at the whole dichotomy is IP law is the very existence of licensing and copyright and intellectual property rights in general Is this a force for protectionism for me to protect the value of my intellectual work? Or is it a force for progress in the world for developing the state of the art quickly? There's an interesting question about who owns The IP in a large product that's been developed by many Developers in the nature of open source nature of most If you're employed by an organization to develop software for that organization Then anything you develop in your job becomes your employer's property typically it's in your employment contract normally on the other hand if you're developing something as part of a community of developers for a large open source project What happens who owns it where what is the nature of the intellectual property and the ownership of it? That might not seem massively important because obviously it's being licensed openly It doesn't really matter But who then enforces the license if the person who is entitled to enforce Intellectual property rights is the owner of the intellectual property rights if you've got a product That's got three hundred or three thousand different developers all who have different bits of ownership within it Enforcement's an absolute nightmare. They could be in all sorts of different countries They've said the GPL isn't jurisdiction specific so you could be trying to enforce across many countries It just is it's unsustainable. It's impossible so a lot of open source projects Include a developers agreement where the each developer in the developers community assigns the intellectual property in their work to the The broader whole so that it's all in one place in ownership terms So I want to talk specifically about the Linux foundation because this is one of the most sustainable models It was only founded in 2000. Obviously Linux has been being developed for quite some time before that and it has expanded its remit Now it doesn't just isn't just focused on the development of Linux itself It's trying to create the largest shared technology investment in history as its mission statement. It's not just developing Linux It's looking to be the main focus for any number of open source projects cloud projects internet of things projects is hosting various projects that are That have been initiated by other people. So it's really trying to broaden out its its reach But within the just looking at the development of Linux and the way that has gone There is a developers community people many of you may have even been involved in that people who are Developing code and contributing it back under the GPL to Linux they also have a Full-time, you know paid staff and they therefore have to fund that and so there are you can become a Companies typically can become financial members of the Linux foundation and there are there are various tiers of membership and To be a member then buys you benefits such as the ability to kind of define what the next step Or the next development steps should be for Linux. So the costs of it can be anything from Half a million US dollars a year down to five thousand US dollars a year Other sort of prices for the different tiers of membership, but if you think about a large organization paying for Windows licenses instead of Using Linux, you know, you're obviously talking about a massive saving that these companies these big organizations have a huge interest In making sure that Linux is up to date and carries on working The Linux foundation is set up as an Oregon State non-profit mutual benefit corporation I've looked in great detail at its various constitutional documentation. It has these various classes of membership It also has affiliates who are not financial members, but our corporates but who contribute in a non-financial way typically by seconding or deploying some of their stuff for some of their working time to Towards the Linux project I'm talking about open foam, which is a client of mine and as I said my my Initiation into the world of open source came late and came through corporate law not through intellectual property law And it came through this the sapphic open foam. They are The people who do they've developed a fluid flow modeling software Which is used a lot in the automotive sector, but in various other sectors too medically indeed And it's it was licensed on an open source model. It was under the GPL the company that developed it was Very happy for it to be open sources and they were owned by an American company The key developers in the company were doing a lot of the work of those for open source They were doing it as part of their day job. It was all very benign and then the ownership changed and the New owners were not happy for the developers to work on company time And they were not happy for that they were essentially looking for ways that they could take the software back fork the software and Make it into a commercial product rather than an open source product and the developers who had been involved in this from the start We're very unhappy with that so they came to me and asked if we could do something to get it onto a sustainable footing So we looked in a lot of detail at Linux that Geneva, Mozilla Apache various different models for Owning this sort of product Then realized as we looked around that there was absolutely nothing in the UK that I could not find I mean I did a huge amount of digging on this and looked at many many UK owned open source software products None of them were owned on anything approaching the the Linux model or anything like it Typically what we were seeing was that they were owned by a one shareholder one share company licensed under the GPL or another open source license But not owned in a way that would prevent or would to give some kind of long-term security And that might be okay If it's one person developing a small product for themselves, you know, which they've prepared to license until they decide not to anymore That that might be okay I'm not sure it is but it might be if what you've got is a huge developers community or a substantial developers community and people are donating their time and their creativity The idea that that the rug could be pulled from under them the idea that that could just be forked and turned into a commercial product by the person who owns The the underlying copyright. I think is seriously problematic in a developers community And this is where I'm at with when I'm talking about sustainable open source ownership This is the thing that I think is is really key so yeah There's nothing to problem the UK and say various issues with the One shareholder one share model uses community also If you're using a piece of software in your business the idea that that could just suddenly stop getting maintained stop getting Moved forward is obviously a huge issue. So if we're trying to get open source more fully Embedded in the corporate world then that's not that's not gonna work either So we looked at what we could do instead in the UK Looking at Linux in particular. We don't have a Structure in English company law anything like the the not-profit not-for-profit company corporation that they had in Oregon But we decided we would create something as close as we could out of the company law vehicles that we had we looked at community interest companies Which is a fairly new structure essentially designed for the ownership of village halls It didn't really it wasn't going to do it for us. So we set up a company limited by guarantee There's nothing to stop a company limited by guarantee from distributing its profits other than its own constitutional rules But it's typically used in not-for-profit type Organizations, it's also very difficult to just sell a company limited by guarantee It's the transfer of ownership is more complicated and more involved We designed the constitutional documents extremely carefully We had a set of articles which dealt with the way in which the thing would be owned in the way in which corporate governance would operate Setting out the the board technical committee We also had a set of rules which could be changed by the board which a little bit Sort of lighter touch which established the qualifications that members have to Have to have and what kind of fees are going to be paid those sorts of things can be changed we set it up with a Model of financial membership so that any Organizations that were using the software could elect to Contribute financially and as I said they have an interest in that they want to see the the software maintained and developed So it's not on the one hand procured procurement departments will look at it and say well Why are we paying for something we can have for free? But there is a an argument that can be made and it can be justified We then had contributing members who are people typically individuals who are actually developing the software and contributing in their intellectual assets And it was licensed under the under the DPL with a contribution agreement, which as I said as I mentioned before It's very typical for the contributors to to license the Assign the benefit of their intellectual property rights, and that was done And the DPL to ensure that we had the most Restrictive license so that any developed products could not be forked I'm having done this just as far as I know it's the only one still in the UK That's on this sort of basis But I do think that it represents a possibility for a new paradigm for a new way of thinking about open source So that stops being something that People who have been in the development community are essentially Contributing to as a kind of charity project it starts to actually be something that that is sustainable and potentially remunerated So solving the economic conundrum that how do we reward developers for the work that they're doing in an open source environment Where nobody is paying the membership model seems to offer perhaps the best approach for that and hopefully Creating a genuinely open structure. I don't genuinely open ownership and sustainable for open source ownership in the future Um so That's me if anyone wants to talk about this stuff We've been told that we can we can take questions in these talks if there's a little bit of time I think there's a few minutes we can I can take a few questions, but I'll be around the festival until tomorrow Yeah Wait wait for the mic Hi, thanks for the talk really interesting on the membership side But about to back with the open phone model when you mentioned members Were you talking about members in the companies act kind of thing for voting rights and stuff like that or just general associate members who pay and Don't have anything else. They were Well the thing about a guarantee company is that instead of being a share a member We typically think of members and shareholders as synonymous But a guarantee company doesn't have shares so it doesn't have shareholders a guarantee a member of a guarantee company is Agrees to guarantee the liabilities of the company up to a certain threshold what we we didn't Create that kind of membership in in the case of open firm We that they they were members in a contractual sense so that we had a membership agreement and they just they have certain rights They have certain committee attendance rights, so they can dictate or Influence the the future direction that the software takes One last question and then I'm sorry, but you are going to date need to take it out So what are the you know from the point of view of setting up a Legal structure like this in a community that may not presently have any kind of funding How do you how did the open phone? Foundation Overcome that okay. Well in the case of open firms. I say it's it's it's fluid flow modeling that the the software doesn't it does it in a variety of different Context they say medically it's used they can actually model how injecting a liquid into a brain tumor will how that liquid will flow through brain cells but equally it models how air flows around a New a particular shape of car, so it's very the large number of automotive sector customers as well as users and those Users were invited to to join and to become members and by Because their membership Entitles them to influence the direction that the software development takes And because the alternative is to buy a commercial license in for another product, which would be considerably more expensive a Number of their users were willing to participate in that way But of course you do you know Linux is is a similar model people join Corporations join in order to influence the direction and in order to know that the the product will continue to be developed and maintained and sustained But you do have to have a sufficient user base. I think to Pursuade anybody that this is something that it's worth investing in So we are out of time, but yeah, if you have more questions, please go come find the speaker after Thank you


I've never seen anything like this before. Hey guys, now we're going to be doing something a little different today and I did mention this set in my what's next to do list video. So I had a company called MozaBrick reach out to me. And what they basically offer is a photo construction set where you can upload an image to their website or their app where you can transform your photo into a mosaic picture. And they were nice enough to send me one of their sets and they sent me the Model S. It is 20 by 20 inches when it's completed and it includes 5,800 bricks to construct your mosaic image. Now I'm super excited about this collaboration because for one I've never seen anything like this before. You're basically recreating an image of your own with what looks to be at least to me single little Lego bricks. And they're not in any way affiliated with Lego but really I feel like that's the best way I can describe it to you. And what's also fantastic about this is that you can do this numerous, numerous times. It's endless. You can take all the bricks off the plate, put up a new image on the website and create a new one. You can change your mosaic image every week if you want it to. And they provide you with everything that you need to create your mosaic in this big box. This is a great solid box. So you know what? I think the best way to go about this video is we're going to do everything together. We're going to open up this box. We're going to look at the contents and then what we're going to do together is go through the upload process and see how they transform the image into the mosaic and go through the whole step-by-step process of piecing the mosaic together. So you know what? We got quite a bit of work ahead of us. So let's open this up and let's get started. All right. We got a big box here to open so let's get this plastic wrap off. All right. Let's open this up. Wow. Look at all that. How nicely laid out everything is. We got what looks to be our white color pieces in here and you can kind of get a feel of what these look like as well. That's cool. These are basically, we have different shades of gray here and what is this? All right. So I take in everything out of the packaging just to kind of give you a nice overview here of what we have. So over here we have our 5,800 bricks to create our mosaic. We have our instructions manual. We have our four base plates, which is basically going to be the size of your whole image. So it's going to be a pretty big one in the Model S. Here we have our nine base plate connectors to connect the four base plates together. We have our mounting tool here and this also comes with double-sided tape for wall mounting, which is a great addition. And they also give you a mount for your finished product as well so you can basically sit it on there and then you don't have to wall mount it if you don't want to. Which is fantastic. Let's look at the instructions manual real quick. You know what I just realized and what I love about this? See all these pages here? That's not all the instructions. It's all the different languages. It's only one page of instructions. How easy is that? So now that we know all the stuff that we got in our Model S box, let's head on over to the website and let's get a picture uploaded. So here we are on the Mosbrick website. Or if you're using your cell phone, you could just scan the QR code on the top of the box to get you straight to the webpage. And once you are here, you're going to go click on assembly instructions. Now we have to enter our six digit code that you're going to find on the first page of your manual. And then once you do that, you're going to click on next. Now it's recognized that I have the Model S, but what you're going to do now is you're going to select the number of sets that you have to complete your mosaic art. We only have one box, so we're going to click on the first one here. But as you can see, if you have two sets or if you have four sets, you can click on those and basically make a pretty huge image. So once you click on the number set, hit next and then let's upload our photo. We're just going to keep it simple here because we're just starting this out. So once you're happy with the image, you click next and it is going to create your mosaic art. Oh, look at that. Let's hit next. And then we are going to enter our email address and receive our assembly diagrams with the instructions. So what you're going to see when you first open your PDF file is the image of your choice, along with the number of blocks you are going to be using. And then below is your diagrams. So you'll have panel 104 here. So this is the top left panel. And if you look really closely and you can blow this up too if you can't really see it well, which is great. Probably I'm going to have to do that.  So you know what? This is going to be fun. I'm really excited to get this started. So you know what? Enough of this. Let's move on to actually putting the bricks down. So to get myself organized, which you must do because you're dealing with thousands of tiny pieces. So make sure your space is neat, okay? Anyways, I laid out the bags in the same order that the diagram has displayed just to kind of help me build up some muscle memory. As I went through picking through the bags for pieces. It did take a while for me to get in the hang of the process. You know, just to kind of find my rhythm and figure out the best way for my brain to keep itself organized. Because at a quick glance, there is a ton of stuff going on in the diagram. And it's extremely easy to lose track and make mistakes, which of course I did on several occasions. So I tried a few different ways and ended up feeling more comfortable with just pulling out however many pieces I needed of one color, popping those in, and then moving on to the next color bunch, if that makes sense. But that's what worked for me. Again, there are many ways to go about this project. So just try different methods and see what works best for you. And by the time I got to the second base plate, I pretty much got my groove. And finding your groove, rhythm, or I should probably say method really, that makes more sense. That is really what helps you get through this process quicker. I still prefer to say groove though. Anyways, after a while, this started to make my fingers hurt, because I kept using my fingers obviously to pop in the hundreds and hundreds of pieces. So then what I would do is use the mounting tool, which in the instructions actually only shows you how to use it for removing the pieces from the base plate, not pushing them in, which is why I didn't use it initially. But I started using it by getting it to hold two pieces at a time and popping it straight onto the base plate. And you could probably see this through the time lapse as well. And you have to punch it straight down if you do use the mounting tool. Don't angle it, because that is actually how you're meant to remove the pieces if you make a mistake. And quite honestly, this tool is absolutely wonderful for fixing your mistakes, because it was just so easy to remove those little itty-bitty pieces. You really won't be able to remove them with your fingers. That'll just hurt too much. But anyways, aside from all that, overall, this was a very easy project to complete, as long as your eyes can handle following the diagram. But hit that like button if you tried Moza Brick before, or if you love anything that reminds you of Legos. And feel free to tell me about your experience down below. This took me about five hours to complete. And I think this is actually meant to take you longer, but I just couldn't stop working on it. It was a lot of fun. A little monotonous at times, but you know, that's okay. Take a few breaks every now and then. This really is a straightforward activity. And it was perfect to do whilst I was really sick. There really wasn't too much thought to it. You know, you just sit back, relax, and follow along the diagram. And I actually felt productive whilst ailing in my chair.  I just couldn't wait to see it fully completed. So once all four panels were done, you have to flip them over and snap in the base connectors evenly to keep all your panels together. And to turn it into one pretty big image. Again, you can set this on the mount that's included, or stick the double-sided tape on the connectors to plant this on your wall. Either way, it'll look amazing. I was really surprised how good this looked. What you put together is very true to the Mosaic sample image they give you when you upload your picture. And what's great is that it doesn't end there. Just keep uploading images and change it out whenever you get the urge. I really do highly recommend this if you're looking to do something different. And if you know anybody who's into this kind of thing, like Legos and such, this would make a really cool gift. Now if you'd like to look more into or pick up a moza brick, you can use the QR code right here, or you can click on the link below, and there's a promo code as well for you to get a discount. This is a fantastic. Well guys, that's all I have for this one. Thank you for watching, take care, and I will see you in the next one.