Have you ever wondered how Oompa Loompas are made? Oh? Well, today you're about to find out in a very horrific way and this Willy Wonka makes an Oompa Loompa by Avocado Animations. Ew. Oh, the orange man. Sound like they're shackled or something. What is that? I can't tell what that is. Oh, damn. Oh, damn. Are they like rowing or what? I take good care of my workers. Yeah, that's totally not creepy. Bro, there's something about his eyes, like his look. It's like mesmerizing. Little baby. Lafty the Oompa Loompa. That is a small name for a small guy. Dream big. Right, so it's like his origin story, I guess. Found his true love. Just get him in my feels, man. It's like Christopher Columbus, bro. So as we see, Mr. Wonka here is invading their territory and he's bribing them with chocolate, man. That is kind of creepy. Oh, so they're just at least a massacre. We're going to get us caught. So we should let the baby go? Sinking you deeper. Where did his skin go? Nah, bro. I ain't trying to go to no chocolate factory. Sugar. Spice and everything, not nice. A safe and pure land. I don't think they're rescued at all, bro. Think you made their life worse.  Oh, he colonized the Oompa Loompa, bro. He's just twisted. Look at him. Now they look soulless. Subscribe. Alright, so we just witnessed Willy Wonka colonizing the poor Oompa Loompas, took the whole bloodline and made them into his slaves. And that is how Oompa Loompa is created. Well, if you guys enjoyed the video, make sure to smash the like button. If you're new around here, make sure to subscribe, hit the notification bell on, and shout out to Avocado Animations. I'll link his video down below and thank you all for watching.


In this How Divers 2 video, we talk about the Halo comparison, comparing it to Powerworld in regards to concurrent users, also if this game will ever be released on Xbox as well as Phil Spencer himself, his initial thoughts on How Divers not being on Xbox. But before we go any further people, I am giving away 2100 Super Credits. To be with a chance of winning, simply drop a like on this video, make sure you are subbed with those post notifications turned on and leave me a smiley face comment down below. I will pick the winners from the comments section and announce them on my video tomorrow. Good luck everybody! The year is now 2024 and there are still people out there that try and create rivalries in regards to console wars, repping a multi-billion dollar company who really don't care you exist unless you are feeding their pockets with that money. It's 2024 and they click bait from publishers to fuel this fire, well not really a surprise to anyone when you see the companies behind said articles, but it just reiterates the point that although most people think that kids are responsible for such rubbish, in actual fact there are fully grown adults out there who will still die on that console war rivalry hill. It truly is hilarious to sit back and watch when you enjoy both consoles but have a PC sitting there too. The Halo Howl Divers 2 comparison over the past few days has gained a ton of traction but all for the wrong reasons. It merely started off as a friendly rivalry, a bit of banter, a bit of humour, though all of a sudden it became an all out war. It's a comparison between the two like Halo and Howl Divers 2 are even in the slightest similar. That's the worst part. As I sit there and I read the rubbish some people post I'm like this would make sense in the slightest way if these games were even remotely alike, I mean besides space armor I really don't see much else. But this hasn't stopped people taking this to a point in relation to gun 2, to a point where even the CEO of Howl Divers is fed up with it and had to say something.  Well this Unleashed said over on Twitter, Xbox, I mean Xbox that's absolutely incredible. All Xbox players now are bots just because they choose to play a console that doesn't rep the console developer he has no doubt, somehow created a relationship with to a point of insulting anyone or anything who decides to play or speak up on anything elsewhere. I mean if you are an Xbox for playing on Xbox, what the heck does that make this dude? Remember guys, these ain't all kids by the way, we have fully grown adults making this stuff up too. But yeah, he says. Sorry Xbox, but everyone knows the truth, with this image you can see on the screen now. The CEO replied with, why compare? Just let gamers love and enjoy both, either or neither. We need more compassion and union in the world and less rivalry. And although this Unleashed got ratioed out of his stain pants, his initial tweet still has almost 1000 likes, I mean going through accounts like these really do cheer you up if you are at a stage in life where you need a small button on your face.  I mean we've heard a sheep, but this is beyond sheep tourism, it's almost like a lemming. And there are thousands of these dudes just following one direction, not just PS fanboys either guys, Xbox too. It's equally as bad on both sides. Oh yeah, Xbox, that's definitely staying with me.  When it gets worse people, publishers like GamesRadar themselves are trying to incite further flames by creating articles titled How Divers Too, recaptures the co-op chaos of classic Halo games better than Halo itself. I mean these people ain't stupid, these kinds of things get clicks and it's why people do it and nothing will ever change, that is for sure. GamesRadar though is one of the worst I have seen, so yeah this really surprises nobody. Now when I actually go through it, I'd say 99% of players and posters actually want this game to come to Xbox. They want the help, they demand it, but I actually don't think this is ever likely to happen. How Divers Too is published and licensed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. So that in itself means there's an extremely low probability that a game will ever come or be released on Xbox. And yeah you know what, these things happen, console exclusivity is a thing nowadays, getting rarer and rarer but as long as there's competition, there will always be exclusives, Power World was the same, that was an absolute massive hit over on Xbox, yeah giving it dropped off quite quickly. Something I don't actually expect How Divers to do, because it's a live service game, but yeah it's all the same guys, we had weeks of Xbox flaunting Power World to PlayStation players, so in a way I kind of get some of the taunting, we've even had Phil Spence out on the case of How Divers not being on Xbox, but he also gets it, he said in an interview for Game File Newsletter. I will say, when you look at a game like How Divers Too and it's a great game, kudos to the team shipping it on PC and PlayStation, I'm not exactly sure who it helps in the industry not being on Xbox he said, and if you try and twist yourself to say, like somehow that benefitted somebody somewhere, he goes on to say, well I get it, there's a legacy in console gaming and we're going to benefit by shipping games and not putting them on other places, we do the same thing, and he does, Xbox does the same thing, but yeah, a happy gaming world with no exclusive means companies like Sony and Microsoft in turn generate less money, some console exclusives drive console sales and me personally, I don't think I'd buy a console for one game, but when you have a catalogue of great exclusive games, this sways players, so it's in Sony's right to keep How Divers on PlayStation in regards to that console exclusivity, and it's for this point I don't think this game will ever make its way onto Xbox, I just really don't. Now I've jokingly asked about a power world trade for How Divers, so my Xbox mates can play with me while I play on crisp settings on my PC, but the outright replies is funny, some people would love the inclusion of Xbox in the field, but then some people prefer to liberate at slower paces as long as they can lug into Twitter on a night off and troll those Xbox. I mean as I made this video early Monday morning, Power World right now currently has more concurrent players lugged in than How Divers does, I'm about to jump on Twitter and troll these ponies with my shit-stained pants. No, Jokes aside, How Divers right now is the big game to play, the fun game to play, both it and Power World hit at the perfect times in my opinion, one I can see last in years that other I will believe fade into oblivion and be forgotten about within 4-6 months, a cookie to the person who guesses which game I'm talking about here, which game fades away. But yeah, something I never quite got, I mean I don't have the cheapest mentality to fall into the category of an expert or a pony, I've always bought the platform in which I enjoy games on and if another platform has games I like to, guess what, I bite. But for most people it's normally the case of, like in X, must mean you have to dislike Y. This happens with games, consoles, smartphones, clothing brands, music artists, everywhere people, wherever there is competition there is division, the world would be a much more peace for place without that division but hey, it would be a boring place too. In fact I think I will talk about this video, Power World vs How Divers vs Halo, to bait at the sheep so we can all have a good laugh at them and maybe with them too. But yes guys, in my opinion How Divers coming to Xbox I don't think it ever will, Power World, Playstation, that may actually happen, but How Divers Halo comparison is completely mind-boggling to me, there's not even a comparison there, Halo wins all day every day. Just joking people, on that note at the end of the video has arrived, if you enjoyed it leave a like who helps out, if you like what you see and want to see more be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys, I will see you on that next one.


So, we have in the last module, we have just seen the basics of hotelings model in which we saw that the buying managers problem reduces to a situation where we essentially keep the profit in different intervals divided by the discount. The discounted profit in different years should be constant. And we also saw that when we talk in terms of the demand curve, we can look at different kinds of elasticities. And we will now take the result that we had got where we said that the price of the commodity net the extraction cost should increase at the discount rate for different time horizons. We will take that and derive for a given demand curve which is known, we would like to see how long will the resource last. So, we will consider a situation where there is a competitive mining industry which has a known facing will first start with taking a linear inverse demand curve. And then we will take a constant elasticity demand curve and we will derive how much is the time for which a given resource will last in a mine. So, that is the problem that we are looking at and as we saw this is the kind of inverse demand curve that we are focusing on. We would like to see first of all we start with the competitive mining industry which is facing a linear inverse demand curve. Let us say that when Pt is A minus Bqt, so that is given as the demand curve. Now at the time when qt will be equal to 0, we talked about, so we were looking at a situation when we will have the qt will be equal to 0 at some time interval. And this is at a time where essentially we will have the price when qt is equal to 0, the price Pt let us take when qt is equal to 0, Pt turns out to be A. So, let us call this time interval as t when the entire, this is where we talk of Pt and qt at the time when the qt is equal to 0 that Pt becomes equal to A, this is A. And this is at a time when over a period of time when the resource has got completely utilized, it is like we have something like there is a super abundant substitute, super abundant substitute so that no one continues to use this, let us say coal may have something which is much bad preferred and then this is and then there are no additional resources. Now the question for us is to determine this t, what is the date of exhaustion t? And we would like to determine it using the fact that the, it is a competitive economy and the mind manager is trying to maximize the profit. So, we have, we know that the optimal strategy is where Pt will be P0 into 1 plus d raised to t. For this, please remember that we have taken a constant extraction cost and we have subtracted. So, we can take essentially we are taking P0 minus c, we are neglecting the extraction cost or we are taking that the extraction cost is constant. So, having said this, if this is the equation that we have got, we can now substitute and get Pt is a is equal to P0 1 plus d raised to t. If that is the case, then from this equation we can substitute and we will get P0 a is known P0 is 1 a divided by 1 plus d raised to t. We can substitute back in that equation, so that we get Pt in any time interval will be P0 into 1 plus d raised to t and substitute P0. So, we get a into 1 plus d raised to capital T, capital T is a constant which we do not know which we want to find out and this is at any time interval t is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. So, then this can be written as a 1 plus d raised to t minus capital T. This is now our expression for Pt. We also know from the equation that Pt is a minus b qt, this was our original inverse demand curve. So, now we can equate these two and what do we get? We will get that b qt is equal to, b qt will be equal to a into a minus, that is the one we equate this. That means b qt is equal to a 1 minus 1 plus d raised to t minus t. That means qt, we have now got an expression for qt. Generic expression for qt in terms of known coefficients a, b and d, only unknown is capital T. Now, what we can do is that we will take that the total sum t equal to 0 to t minus 1. Why do we say t minus 1? Because q capital T is equal to 0. So, production is there from the 0th year to t minus 1th year qt. This will be equal to the total reserve which is r 0 or in the earlier case what we had said was q max. And this is we can write the sigma notation, t is equal to 0 to t minus 1 a by b into 1 minus 1 plus d raised to t minus t. Now, look at this we have got one equation, we know r 0, we know a, we know b, we know d. The only unknown that we have is capital T. We have a sigma notation, this is a geometric progression. We can derive an expression for capital T in terms of these coefficients a, b and r 0. In which case we have completely solved the problem, we found the time for which the resource will last when it gets exhausted. And we can substitute back and then we can get essentially qt as a function of time or pt as a function of time. And that was our objective. So, let us do the simple calculations which are there. So, when we look at this we get we open out the bracket and you will get a by b into sigma t is equal to 0 to t minus 1 there are t terms. So, this will be a by b into t minus a by b into sigma t is equal to 0 to t minus 1, 1 plus d raised to t minus t. Now, this is a geometric progression. Let us just write this down in a separate way. Let us write this as s is equal to sigma t is equal to 0 to t minus 1, 1 plus d raised to t minus t. Let us expand it. Let us write it down. This is going to be the t is equal to 0. This will become 1 plus d raised to minus t. So, that is capital T and then it will be 1 plus d raised to t minus 1 and it gets the denominator changes till you get 1 plus t. There are t terms and you can see that it goes 1 plus d raised to t, 1 plus d raised to t minus 1, t minus 2 and so on till 1 plus d. So, if you take this as one equation which is s, I can just take s by 1 plus d. This will be 1 plus d raised to t plus 1, 2 and then we can take 1 minus 2. We can just do 1 minus 2 and if you do this, you will find that we get s minus s by 1 plus d. And if you see in this case, what it remains is that we are going to have the, all of these terms will get cancelled. You will get 1 by 1 plus d over here minus 1 by 1 plus t raised to t plus 1. These are the two terms which will be remaining. So, this is going to be 1 by 1 plus d minus 1 by 1 plus d raised to t plus 1. So, we can take this as it is simple algebra. We can just take 1 by 1 plus d common. This is actually just, you could have just used the geometric progression formula, but we just in one step we just derive it.  Now, 1 plus d not equal to 0. So, we can cancel this and we get s is equal to, we get s is equal to 1 by d into 1 minus 1 by 1 plus t raised to t. So, we can substitute back in the equation that we had earlier which was r 0 is equal to a by b capital T minus a by b into s. And s is, we just derived s as 1 by d into 1 minus 1 plus d raised to t. So, now, we can simplify this. We can take b on, b by a by b is common here. I can take it on the other side. So, that I get b r 0 by a as t minus 1 by d into 1 minus 1 plus t raised to t. Now, we want to actually solve for t. So, we can just write this now as t is equal to take the terms on the other side. We have now solved for capital T which is what we wanted to do. We wanted to find the date of exhaustion which is unknown. We do this in terms of the coefficients a, b, r 0 and d. a, b, r 0 and d are known. Please remember this is an equation where you have t on both sides. So, you can do it in an iterative fashion. You can start by assuming a certain value of t, get the next value and then so on till we get a converged value. And so, with the result that we now, right now we can now determine t and we will do a tutorial example where we will plug in the values and then see how this can be done. So, once we do this, then we know the t. Once we know t, we now know the price trajectory as well as we know the qt. So, we know pt as a function of t and we know qt as a function of t. And if you just see for a linear model, typically for a, this is an example from Conrad's book on resource economics and we will also solve one particular example with some values so that we can make our own calculations. This is a linear inverse demand curve and corresponding to this you see that the price starts from a certain value and the price as a function of time increases at the discount rate. And when we look at the qt versus time you will see that the qt starts from some value and decreases till about the 20th year where it becomes equal to 0. So, this is an example to show you how the whole mind model problem is done for a competitive market.  Let us derive for that. pt is equal to a by qt raised to b. So, in this case what would happen is you would see that typically if we have this curve you will find that the qt would not become 0 and qt would tend to 0 only as it goes to infinity. So, what we can do is we have the same term which we saw in the earlier Hotelling's analysis where we said pt will be 1 plus d raised to t p0. So, in this case we do not have a choke price or a price which where we find that that will be equal to a in this earlier case where qt was equal to 0, vpt was equal to a. We just have this expression and we can use this expression and substitute back and we will get qt we can write in this pt is a by qt raised to b. So, qt raised to b is qt raised to b is going to be a by 1 plus d raised to t p0 and what we need to do is we need to find out. So, qt if I write this can be written as a by 1 plus d raised to t p0 raised to 1 by b. So, what we know now is this is an expression that we have now for qt we know a, b and d we do not know p0 and in order to find p0 we can use the value fact that sigma t is equal to 0 to infinity qt will be equal to r0 or sigma t is equal to 0 to infinity we plug in this value our problem what we want to do is we want to determine this value of p0. In the earlier case we had the value of p0. So, we want to find p0 in terms of the known coefficients a, b and r0 and d and now when you look at this you will see that this is basically again this is a geometric progression when we look at this sigma if we take this out you will see that this is we can take a by p0 raised to 1 by b and you get sigma t is equal to 0 to infinity. So, this is actually a geometric progression where we have this is of the form you know if we have a geometric progression and we are multiplying the constant factor the multiplicant that we are doing is 1 plus d raised to t by b. So, 1 plus 1 by 1 plus d raised to 1 by b and as the limit as we are looking at the term where this is of course, going to be less than 1 in the limit as we take it to infinity we take this sum to infinity this is going to be equal to the initial term divided by 1 plus 1 minus r. So, this sum is going to be equal to so, the what we get is that expression that we got a by p0 raised to 1 by b into 1 by 1 minus r and r is nothing but 1 plus d raised to 1 by b and this term will be equal to r0 you can convince yourself that this is true. So, what this would mean is that we can take this as a by p0 raised to 1 by b and we can take this as we can multiply by 1 plus d raised to 1 by b. So, that you get 1 plus d raised to 1 by b 1 plus d raised to 1 by b minus 1 equal to r0. So, we can now simplify and write this in terms of the basically we can get we want to what is our objective we know d we know b we know a we need to know p0. So, if you look at this and you want to take this as a by p0 we want to find p0 p0 by a p0 by a raised to 1 by b is what we have here and this will be equal to 1 plus d raised to 1 by b raised to r0 into this is going to come in a 0 will come in here and this will come there. So, you get r0 1 plus d raised to 1 by b minus r0. So, when we simplify this we will get an expression which is going to be nothing but p0 a into 1 plus d raised to b. So, once we know p0 we know that pt is p0 1 plus d raised to t we know what is pt and we if you remember we have already calculated what was qt qt was. So, we can calculate at any point of time qt what about the time of exhaustion capital t in this particular case since there is a constant elasticity it will go asymptotically to 0 it will never become equal to 0. So, we can just take the point where a certain amount 90 percent of the resource is used or 80 percent but it will never get completely used because the price is going to keep increasing but you will always use a certain amount of it and this is the constant elasticity case. So, let us just take stock what we have done is we have solved the mine managers problem and we first started with Hotelling's original paper and we said that when we talk about a non-renewable resource we want and if the we are looking at a mine manager who is trying to maximize the profit given the constraint in terms of the known total resource which is there in the mine we want to decide how much to mine at different points of time and based on that we saw that that the quantity which will be mined will be such that the price will increase at the rate of the discount rate and of course this is assuming a constant extraction cost. We can have more complicated models where if the extraction costs are also a function of time and one can have various additional complications but the principle by which we will do the calculation will be exactly the same and with that we found that there will be a point at which the price increases to the point where there is a super abundant substitute and the mine gets completely exhausted and that was the choke point we used that and then said that suppose we know we have a perfect competition case and we know what is the demand curve and we know the inverse demand curve we showed that for a linear inverse demand curve we can calculate what is the time for which the resource the mine would last and this is under perfect competition. In the second case we said that suppose we have another situation where there is a constant elasticity demand curve in the constant elasticity demand curve we never get to a choke point but the quantity the quantity keeps decreasing and beyond a particular point and this will go asymptotically to the price will keep increasing and the quantity goes asymptotically to 0 and in such a case we identified all the parameters so that we could get qt as a function of time and we got pt also as a function of time. So, this is the constant elasticity price trend and constant elasticity qt trend you can see that beyond the point after a certain point of time it goes asymptotically it is not exactly 0 but it still keeps getting going down and this is we had derived this where we are looking at the competitive extraction and price path there is no choke point but we get the price and this is how we said that we can derive this and we as t tends to infinity qt tends to 0 pt tends to infinity and assuming an exhaustion we got this and we got the expression for the p0. So, with this we have now derived all the expressions for the price trajectory and the quantity trajectory for perfect competition. Now, the question is what if there is a monopoly what if the mind manager controls all the minds and the mind manager can then will the strategy remain the same or will it be different we will look at this in the next module.


Hello, everyone. Thank you for attending this session about enhancement on OpenStack networking for carrier cloud platform. My name is Jun Makishi, a network architect of NTT Communications. I have engaged to NTT SDN Cloud Project for four years and contributed to launch multiple SDN-enabled service in production. And currently, I'm leading a network part of the Cloud Project to develop a brand new cloud platform named Next Generation Cloud Platform. Today, I'm going to describe how we enhanced OpenStack networking for this carrier cloud platform. This is the agenda of today's session. First, I will make a brief introduction about our Next Generation Cloud Platform and its architecture. And then for today's main topic, I will describe how we enhanced the OpenStack networking by combining the vendor solution features. And next, demo and conclusion will come next. So for the introduction, I will describe our new cloud platform and how we are going to integrate OpenStack and vendor solutions. So this is the concept of our Next Generation Cloud Platform. And well, actually, Mr. Klihara will describe its detail and the service concept in the next session. So I won't go in the detail, but I just want to insist that in this cloud platform, we will introduce SDN technology to connect multiple, various cloud resources, including public cloud, hosted private cloud, and bare metal server, and also storage service. And also, we are going to provide APIs to customers. And this is the brief system architecture of our platform. We have developed the platform based on microservice design, same as OpenStack does. And because I'm mainly leading the network part, in this session, I will focus on networking part and actually the network service. The network service, we take advantage of OpenStack technologies, which means neutron APIs. And this is the whole network architecture of our cloud platform. To meet our enterprise customer needs, we need to support connectivity for the bare metal servers. And also, we need to provide high quality gateways service. And also, we want to provide various NFP service to customers. And to connect each component, we use SDN controller. And on top of the controller, we are using our original orchestrator named Elastic Service Infrastructure. And this is the whole concept of our approach. We categorize two types of service in networking. One is cloud networking here. And second is the network application and functions. Since cloud networking is to provide connectivity between components, because it is simple, and neutron has a well-defined network abstraction here for layer 2, layer 3 networking, and IP address management, we would like to fully utilize open source technology neutron here. And also, for the second category, we define network functions here. And for this category, we believe that there are many various NFP or other appliance vendors. And they have competitive features on this. So we want to integrate such competitive vendor solutions to the open source cloud networking and provide the whole service as a network as a service to the enterprise customer. And this is the brief description of our orchestrator named Elastic Service Infrastructure. This is developed by NTT Innovation Institute, Inc. And this was originally developed for software defined one, but we enhanced its capability to support cloud platform. Because this ESI has a powerful feature to enable us to integrate BNF easily. I will describe this later. So from this section, I will describe the difficulties we faced on integrating open stack networking and vendor solutions, and show some examples of our approaches. Well, before going to the details, I just list up the fit and the gap between neutron and our use cases. We have many use cases to meet enterprise customer need, like network connectivity between VMs or bare metal server, internet gateway, VPN gateway, and NFP. We found that we can fully utilize the neutron functionality for the networking between VMs. But for the others, we found that we need to extend or add APIs to meet our use cases. I know that there are several ongoing discussion and project to meet such features, but we believe that such project is not matured yet, and also it doesn't perfectly fit to our use case. So I will begin describing our approaches First, the most fundamental functionality we need to provide later to connectivity between leaves and also virtual routers, though I didn't describe it here. But we don't want to expose the under later policy to customers. Well, I think this is a same approach as neutron does. We introduce a virtualized overlay network and fully utilize the network abstraction which neutron does. To be specific, we apply the same idea of the neutron using network, subnet, and port resource to customers. I think this is quite simple enough for customers, and I like this approach because users don't need to think about the under later policy, but just need to think about his or her own network technology. But for the Bayrameter support, we couldn't use the current neutron API to support it. Enterprise customer wants the Bayrameter server for their mission critical applications or, as they say, a hybrid cloud hosted private cloud. And if customer want to build their own cloud on top of our platform, they want to decide the Bayram segmentation by themselves. But I know that we have, in neutron project, we have later to gateway discussion. But as far as I know, it doesn't support to dedicate the Bayram segmentation to customers. So what we decide is to introduce new resource named physical port. This is a obstruction of Bayrameter server nick and fully dedicated to the customers. So in this case, user has a Bayrameter server's physical port as a network resource. And by choosing the VLAN ID, user can freely connect the Bayrameter physical port to their designated network. And for the gateway support, as you know, in the cloud network, all of the traffic's, I mean, the gateway is the point that many traffic's converged. So we need the robust, stable, and high-performance gateway for the enterprise customers to make sure that the customers won't face service outage. So for this approach, we just use the physical router in HL style as we have done in many data centers and introduce a new resource named gateway as an abstraction of pair of router. I know that there is a resource named router in Neutron. But rather than using that model, because we need to add more gateway-specific feature on this gateway resource, we made a completely separate resource for this. And one of the gateway-specific feature is the multiple gateway option. Well, as a network service provider, we have many types of external network to be provided to customers like internet or MPS VPN. And also in the external network service, we also have many types of service glade, like 10 megabps guarantee or bestoy for 100 megabps. And what we want to do is to let customers choose what external network they want to use. And so what we do is to provide a resource to be stopped by customers about external networks and let them choose the external network and instantiate the VPN or the internet gateway. In this case, a customer can connect to their branch office or central office by a secure MPS VPN while they can provide some web service through the internet service. And next, and one of the most important topics is NFV. So we want to support customers to boot and monitor various virtual network functions, maybe BNF. But as you may know, booting and managing BNF is not handy enough for customers. So we want to manage such monitoring or booting stuff, onboarding stuff on behalf of customers. But we don't want to lose the vendor appliance features. So our approach is to provide managed BNF API as a BNF firewall resource and load balancer resource. But only manage the booting process and monitoring process on behalf of a customer and just expose the vendor API and UI. So in this picture, a customer will ask us, the elastic service infrastructure, to boot BNF and configured network configuration. But after that, a customer can utilize fully, enjoy the BNF specific feature directly. And this is a tenant view of customer, provided to customer. I think in Neutron, we have firewall as a service. But such firewall as a service applies firewall rule to hold a tenant network. But what we want to do is to provide a single component of firewall instance to let customers decide their network topology. But because we want to provide various BNF to customers, we want to reduce time to market to provide the features. But each BNF has different boot sequence, like they have different license activation process and so. So we want to easily onboard the BNF feature to our networks. What we use is the Gohan framework used in the elastic service infrastructure to define a BNF specific template easily. Well, for the data of the Gohan framework, we will have a session tomorrow. So if you are interested in, please check out the session tomorrow. What we do is to define the BNF specific configuration, we made a BNF template using powerful Gohan schema and template features. And last topic for the BNFV and the most important one is that we want to provide a network attachment to attachment feature to customers. As I described before, we want to provide the firewall or load balancer and so on as a single component, which user can decide the network to policy. But it means that we want to provide the customer to freely attach a network and detach from the network. But we found that if we just use the NOVA interface to touch API, NOVA just removes the interface and squashes the PCI number. Eventually, BNF try to follow up the squash and the interface number will be changed. It means that if we remove a network, then user network topology will be messed up. And it was quite a big problem for us because we want to provide free network attachment and detachment. What we do is to provide, we change our idea and not to detach or attach interface itself, but just provide a feature to unplug the network. So we define the BNF with a fixed number of persistent nicks. Like in this case, we have BNF, firewall BNF with six nicks pre-installed. And user can specify which nick to be connected to which network. Last topic for our challenges. After we provide the network resource to the customer, we also need to monitor the operational state and metrics because we want to know what is going on in the actual infrastructure and let the customer know that it's available or not and also how many resource they have used. To do so, we utilize the elastic server service infrastructures monitoring functionality to monitor the V router and the top of luck switches operational state and metrics. As a result, we can provide metrics per customer resource that and as a result user can know that how many traffic they have used per resource. And also if there's some infrastructure failure, then we can change the operational state of the resource and let customer know that it is not available. We believe that this approach highly improve the quality of our service, it improve the visibility of the network service. Well, and I prepared a simple demo to describe our approach and in this demo, we will create a network resource one by one through API. This is the demo network policy. This demo goal is to that diameter server connect to the external server over internet. Because this is done in the lab, please assume that this <IP_ADDRESS> is the public IP range. And to connect the server to the external server, we will create two types of network. One is the internal network and second external network. And for the internal network, we will assign private IP address and connect the diameter servers via an interface, not a physical interface, and also connect the firewall. And for the external network, we will create internet gateway to make sure that the packets will go to the internet and subscribe the public IP from the gateway service and attach the firewall. Please note that I haven't described this feature, but we also extend the gateway feature to let customers subscribe a block of public IP. So in this case, we will ask the gateway service to have a block of public IP and assign it to this external network directly. This is the demo. So first, we will create the internal network using a Neutron Client. This shows that our API is compatible with Neutron API and we can use the Neutron Client to create a simple network. And also we can use the Neutron Client to create a subnet to assign a private network, a private IP address. And then we will connect the bare metal servers via an interface to the internal network. This is our completely brand new API named PhysicalPort. And this PhysicalPort is dedicated to customers or customer can see that what kind of physical port they are using. And then using the PhysicalPort as a device ID, we will create the port resource specifying the segmentation ID, V9-D100. And also specifying the network to be attached. This is the result. Well, this is also compatible with the Neutron API. We extended some of the attributes, like segmentation ID and segmentation type, but the rest of the resources is same. To prepare the connectivity test, we will go into the bare metal server and configure IP address, configured, and ping to external server. But because we haven't created a firewall on the internet, of course it's unreachable. Next, we will create the internet gateway. So first we will list up the available internet service using the API. And we only have one single internet service provider for this demo. And also next user can list up the QOS option to connect, create the internet gateway. In this use case, we can, we only have a best-of for 10 megabps option here. And to create the internet gateway, we specify the service ID we listed before, and also the QOS option we saw it. And the gateway instance has been created. And before that, creating the external network, we need to subscribe a public IP from the gateway service. We just specify how the links of the submask links of the public IP to subscribe from the gateway service. Then our network service will automatically allocate available public IP address to customer. In this case, 192.168.360.0-28 is the public IP block offered to customer. And again, using the neutral client, we will create a network and subnet. And here we specify the public IP address, which subscribes to you. And then we will attach the gateway to the external network. Just we need to specify what IP address to use for the internet gateway. And last, we will create the firewall. In this case, we specify two networks, internal network and external network, and create the firewall instance. In this model, we only support two NIC, and each of the network will attach to external network and internal network. Let's check the connectivity from bare-meter server to external server again. Well, it takes time to boot firewalls, so, yeah. Finally, the bare-meter server can connect to the external server now. Well, this is all for the demo. I think it's too simple, but I think you can easily know that we introduce and extend Neutron API to meet our enterprise customer needs. So, conclusion. Let me recap. We have integrated OpenStack networking with vendor solutions, because we need to meet enterprise customer needs of high quality, availability, and scalability, and flexibility, and so on. To overcome the difficulties, we extended the API as I showed. And also, please note that we take advantages of hardware and software appliance. We don't stick to the one single technology, but we will choose hardware, either via hardware or software, upon per request. And, of course, because we have created a brand new API based on our original orchestrator, we are willing to feedback our outcomes to the OpenStack upstream. And, actually, I like the Neutron-Prowl approach to adding extensions, but I feel that we would like to have a more faster process to introduce new service API as we done. And, also, just one thought, that introducing OpenStack in production has not only required us, not only a technical approach, but also from a perspective of deployment process and vendor support, we face that there are some barriers. Still have a barriers. So, we like to keep watching and contributing to the OpenStack community to make sure that OpenStack networking can also meet the enterprise customer needs. And, this feature will be available in the Next Generation Cloud Platform we were installed in the production. One advertisement. One of the key technology we used in ESI, named Gohan, it will be open sourced and the detail will be described in the Thursday session. So, please attend to this session if you are interested in it. Well, and also, we have entity con booth. So, if you have some questions, you can ask now, but after that, I will be around there. So, please ask me questions freely. Thank you for listening to my presentation. Any questions? I think I have 10 minutes left. If you have, please directly access to me. Thank you.


Around Dodd City and in the territory on west, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers, and that's with a U.S. Marshal and the smell of gun smoke. Gun smoke, starring William Conrad, the transcribed story of the violence that moved west with young America. The story of a man who moved with it, Matt Dillon, United States Marshal. Come on, if I sit here a while, Marshal. Of course not. Sit down, Billy. You look worried, Billy.  I'm 21. That's a man's age, isn't it, Chester? Oh, sure. 21. Pretty old, Billy. Old enough for frogmouth Kate, anyway. Every time I come to town, that woman won't give me a minute's peace. Well, maybe she's sweet on you, Billy. Sweet on me. Look at her at the bar over there. She'll come to and miss me pretty soon. Old enough to be my mother. Why do you stay here? Why don't you go over to the Longhorn or someplace? Oh, Kate's all right when she's sober. Just when she gets drunk, she's such a nuisance. Well, she sure looks drunk now. She is. And when she's like this, there's no worse woman in the whole world. I could kill her when she gets like this. Somebody's always going to kill somebody around here. Oh, that's just a way of talking, Marshal. Yeah. I hate to tell you, Billy, but I think frogmouth Kate has spotted you. Yeah, I knew she would. She gets lonesome awful fast, that woman. So that's where you went, Billy? Leaving me all alone?  I gotta catch my breath once in a while, Kate. You can catch your breath with me, honey. Not with Marshal Dillon and Chester and all the rest of them. No, Kate, take it easy. I'll take it easy? You and me will take it easy in St. Louis, Billy Boy. And quit talking about St. Louis all the time. I ain't about to go to St. Louis. I'm broke right here in Dodge. I got some money, Billy. Almost, I got it. Almost enough. You and me, huh, baby? Oh, Kate. Why don't you pick on somebody who can at least buy you a few drinks? They've been buying me drinks. I don't care about them, anyway. I'm married, Billy. Boy, what do you say, huh? You and me. See what I mean, Marshal? Ain't she awful?  Sure. We're a couple of real love birds. Yeah. Now stop that. Let go of me. I'll break your head open. Ah, you're cute, Billy. Love her, boy. Don't cut it out. Well, if you'll excuse us, we'd better be moving on. Uh... Chester. Well, all right, Chester. Yes, sir. So long, Billy. Kate. Now you never mind them, Billy, boy.  You and me, huh? Poor Billy. Well, he's got to learn somehow. I suppose. The town seems pretty quiet, Chester. I think I'll go to bed. Good idea, Mr. Dillon. I'll sleep in the office tonight. All right, I'll see you in the morning. Good night, sir. Chester, sir, open up. Oh, oh, well, just a minute, Chester. What is it, Chester? They've been a-huting, sir, in that room in-house next to the Alpha Gamza. What? Oh, well, I'll get dressed. Come on inside. It's been raining a little, Mr. Dillon. Oh, good. I'll light that lamp there. Will you, Chester? Yes, sir. They sent for Dawkins. He woke me up on his way out. He know what it was all about? No, sir. He just said it was in that room in-house. Yeah. What time is it, anyway? Oh, it'll be daylight soon. Must be about 4.30. 4.30. It's pretty late at night for a gunfight, isn't it? Yes, sir. That's what I thought. There. All right, Chester, I'm ready. Blow the lamp out. Yes, sir. Rain sure helps. Wouldn't it be fine if it stayed this cool all day, Mr. Dillon? No, you'd be lost if you couldn't complain about the heat, Chester. Well, I'd be willing to think of something else. Yeah, I suppose. Mark Torvitz just still runs this room in-house, don't you? Last I heard she did. Come here, Marshal Dillon. Yes, ma, Torvitz, you're all right. Right in here, Marshal. Who was it, ma? Well, ma, Kate. She got shot. Kate? It's no use, ma'am. She hasn't said a word, and she's not likely to know. Who did it, ma? I was asleep, Marshal. Heard a shot and come right down. I sent everybody else back to bed and told him to stay there. You don't know who did it, do you? He must have jumped out that window right there.  He's got a head start already. Oh, ma. Well, that kid, Billy, don't. Must have been. Why do you think it was Billy? Because he was drinking with her all night over at the Alephreganza, that's why. Then with her all yesterday, I heard, too. Couldn't be nobody else. He stole her money, too. How do you know he did, ma? Well, she showed me once. She kept it right under the mattress there, and it's gone. She had quite a lot of it saved up, too. Everybody knew that. She's planned on going back to St. Louis with it. She wanted Billy to go with her, but I guess they couldn't wait, the little rat. I sure hope I see him hung. Uh, just to start looking for him, I'll join you in a few minutes. Yes, sir. I'll walk back for you. She's dead, ma'am. Oh, that poor girl. It's a wonder she lived this long, being shot so close up. She didn't say anything, not a word. Not a word, ma'am. She was unconscious the whole time. Yeah. Well, I, uh, kept in toward Barry and her doc, seeing as how she was sort of broke when she died. Nonsense. Kate was a good girl, and I'll be responsible for her getting a fine burial. Fine as there is, but you catch that devil, Billy, don't, Marshal.  We'll find him, ma'am. Well, you sure are better. Well, let me know if you hear anything. I'll see you later, doc. Sure, Matt. Chester and I spent the next couple of hours looking for Billy Daunt, but nobody had seen him since he and Kate had left the Elephoreganza together the night before. We did learn, however, that he'd been riding for Luke Atkins, and since it was our only lead, we decided to go out to the ranch and have a talk with Luke. It was mid-morning when we rode up to the main house, and at first, the place looked deserted. Anyway, it's cool here under the cottonwood. Maybe Luke's out on the prairie somewhere. Well, if he's smart, he's keeping away from the sun right there in the house. Oh. Oh, leave the horses, Chester. They'll stand. All right. What's that? It's Matt Dillon, Luke. Oh, just resting, little Marshal. Hello, Chester. Hello, Luke. It's cooler out here. Sit down. My gracious, what happened to you? Does it look bad? Bad enough to skip church this Sunday, Luke. Black eye, huh? I ain't got a mirror. Your jaw's swollen, too. Who could have never saw him like that before? He must have been drunk. Billy Daunt? He's been spending his pay in guards the last couple of days, and say, is that why you're here, Marshal? Billy getting trouble there? Maybe. What did he beat you up for, Luke? Why, he just rolled in here this morning early and said he needed a better horse than his and wanted my buckskin jolting. He was all excited, and I started to argue with him. He jumped me before I knew what was happening. Let me out for a minute, I guess. He's gone, man, huh? Sure he's gone. I came up to the house here and got my rifle and watched him go. Funny thing though, he didn't leave right away. So what do you mean? He fooled around down there in the barn for most an hour. I don't know what he was up to, but I just sat here on the porch with my rifle in case he got any more crazy ideas.  Well, we're after him, Luke. Billy in bad trouble, Marshal? Yeah, it looks like it. I'm sorry to hear that. He's always been a pretty good boy. Why the rest of your men, Luke? Still in dodge, Marshal, spending their pain. Well, you take care of that eye, so long. Goodbye, Marshal. Bye, Luke. Well, there's not much question about Billy now, is there? Yeah, there sure isn't. Start looking for tracks, Chester. Yes, sir, I have been. The ground's still damp from the rain last night. We ought to cut this trail easy. I don't see anything. Now look there, over there. Those are fresh tracks. Yeah, they're fresh, all right, but they lead toward the ranch, not away from it. Yeah. Let's follow them anyway, Chester. What? Come on, let's ride. Chester figured either Billy was riding backwards or I was crazy, but he stopped arguing after a couple of hours, and we rode in silence the rest of the day. Long about dusk, I figured we were catching up with him, but we couldn't afford to lose the trail. And when night came, we made camp. Next morning at daylight, we went on. By noon, it was clear Billy hadn't taken any rest at all. A couple of hours later, we began to wonder how much longer his horse could hold up. This is the dog's dumbest hunt I was ever on. Billy just isn't very smart, that's all. Well, he must be half crazy, beating up Luke Hopkins like that. When a man's in a panic, he'll do almost anything, Chester. Well, you'd think he'd at least have sense enough to rest his horse now, man. That'll be easier for us if he doesn't. Chester, look up ahead there. Hey, by heaven, it's a horse. That's a buckskin. It's not saddled. There isn't a thing around, sir. This side of that bluff, anyway. The bluff's too far away for an ambush. The horse doesn't look very good, does he? He's not even eating. He may never be any good again, a fool kid. Well, he can't be very far away unless he's found another horse. Look at the buckskin's hooves, Chester. Why, he isn't even shawed. Yeah, Billy pulled his shoes when he left him. He sure made a mistake, though. What do you mean? That's what he was doing in Luke's barn, putting the shoes on backwards. Now he's pulled them. He wouldn't fool anybody. All it did was help where his horse out even more. He had me fooled for a while. Anyway, we'll catch him pretty soon now. Well, his tracks lead toward the bluff there. Probably into that clump of trees. Well, if that's where he is, he can see us. All right, we'll ride in from different directions. He can't get both of us. Oh, okay, sure. A half hour later, Chester and I had reached the trees about the same time and without being shot at.  One set of footprints led up to the place and two sets led away from it. Billy had taken whoever lived there along with him, figuring there wasn't too much hurry now. We watered our horses and let them breathe for a while. The way I figured, Mr. Dillon, Billy was here about dawn this morning. Well, he won't be far away, not more than 15 or 20 miles at the moose. Unless he's found a horse. Well, that's why he's carrying this saddle, isn't it? Yeah. Only Billy isn't carrying the saddle. What? He's saving his strength. Whoever was in this cabin is doing the hard work. You mean Billy took him along just to carry his saddle? Yeah, he found himself a pack horse, Chester. Mr. Dillon, I'm getting to have less use for Billy dawned every minute. Come on, let's ride him down. Before it's too late for this poor fella, whoever he is. All right, Chester. Those are in good shape. We ought to catch him in a few hours. I sure hope so. You take the side of the trail, Chester. Track about 10 yards behind me. All right, sir. All right, let's go. Don't bother to watch the trail anymore, Chester. It's headed right for that nester's shack there. So keep your eyes open. You think Billy might still be there? He might be. Maybe he's inside, Mr. Dillon. Yeah. Let's spread out a little. Now, wait a minute. The door. Who are you? Are you alone, ma'am? You the law? I'm Marshal Dillon from Dodge. You're too late, Marshal. You mean he's gone? He's gone. Take a look around at the side, Marshal. Right around there.  Both of you. Oh, my goodness, Mr. Dillon. Yeah. He was killed with a knife. I'm not sure he sure was. That's your husband, ma'am? Yeah. I'm sorry it happened, but if it's any comfort to you, we'll catch that boy. I promise you that. Don't matter now. Uh, he had another man with him. Where's he? I've been trying to fix him up. It was near dead when they got here. Poor old Clabe. Clabe? He's 75 years old, Marshal, and that's too old to be used like an animal. Rotten kid. I'd like to talk to him, ma'am. Come on inside. It's all right, Clabe. Marshal Dillon from Dodge. We've known Clabe for 10 years, Marshal, ever since we've been here. Never hurt nobody. Sure. Can you talk a little, Clabe? Uh... I'll be all right, Marshal. I'm just kind of wore out 20 miles packing a saddle in this weather. Fast, too. Had me walk fast. How long to go to the boy leave here? Three, four hours, Marshal. Took our mule, but he won't get far. Oh? He was too old. After 10 miles, just quit. Your husband tried to stop him, is that it? Yeah. Got mad when he saw what the boy had done to Clabe and the boy knifed him. Never gave him a chance. He's wild, crazy. You sure he is, Marshal? Scared, too. I never saw anybody so scared. He's in a real panic, Clabe. But how come he used a knife? That doesn't sound right. Man, it's all he's got, that's why. What? He ain't armed except for that knife. He doesn't have a gun? He took our rifle, but there's no ammunition for it. We'll run out. Took it anyway. But when he came to your place, Clabe, didn't he have a six gun? No, sir. Just that knife. That's all he had. I got an old Navy pistol, but it's busted. I ain't been able to get it fixed. I sure don't understand it, Mr. Dillon. He's like a wild animal. That's what he is. He oughtn't to be loose. He won't be for long, ma'am. Clabe, I hope you'll be all right. I'm... I'm just plum war out. Clabe's going to stay right here, Marshal. Too old to be living by himself anyway. Good. Well, we'll be gone now, ma'am. But, uh... We'll bury your husband first now if you'll just show us where you'd like to have the grave. Thank you, Marshal. The woman wanted her husband buried right where he'd fallen. So we dug the grave there and laid him into it. She watched, straight-faced, without a tear. Then she said goodbye and went back into the house. It was just after Sunday, when we caught up with Billy. Just as the woman had said, the mule had gone 10 miles and quit. Billy saw us coming. Started running across the prairie on foot. His panic had made him as nearly brainless as a man could get. Look at him, Mr. Dillon. Did you ever see anything like this? He's still got a knife, Chester. Hold it, Billy. You can't get away. Right up on the other side of him, Chester. Yes, sir. You've run far enough, Billy. You have to shoot me, Marshal. No, we won't.  Good idea, sir. All right, Chester, let's rope it. Keep your rope tight. I'll touch you, Marshal. Let's go the night. All right, Chester, slack up a little. All right, drop your rope, Chester. I'll tie him up with it.  You'll never get me back. I think we will. Let's make him walk back, Mr. Dillon. Come across your horse, Chester. You and I can ride double till we make camp. Maybe that'll calm him down. That Billy won't eat a thing, Mr. Dillon. He's just been crouched over there looking like a cornered animal ever since I woke him up this morning. Still pretty spooky, huh? He sure is. Let's go talk to him. There's some bacon over there, Billy, if you want it. Aren't you hungry, Billy?  Oh? I think you've been running awful hard for an innocent man.  Well, we'll let the judge decide that, Billy. I was waiting for her outside, and I heard the shot. And I went around, and her window was open, and she was lying there.  Then why did you run, Billy? I knew you'd be after me. I had to get away. I ain't going back to Dodge. I ain't going. Yeah. All right, let's get packed up, Chester. How is he, Chester? He just keeps standing there looking up cell bars, but he did drink some of the coffee last night. I don't know, Chester. Sometimes I think just the act of running itself makes a man afraid. The more he runs, the more panicky he gets. Anyway, getting you healthy, a young boy like Billy? Well, maybe you'll come out of it in time. Morning, Marshal. Yes, sir. Morning, Mr. Green. Now, you're up early, Mr. Green. I heard you brought Billy Donning last night, Marshal, so I figured I'd better turn this over to you. A six-gun? Who's this is? Billy's gun, Marshal. I've been fixed it for him. Billy's gun? That's right, Mr. Dillon. Billy didn't have a gun, remember? How long have you had it, Mr. Green? Well, he brought in the first day he came to town, Marshal. The cylinder was loose, been shaving lead. It's OK now. I fixed it fine. You've had it all the time? Yes, sir. I was just keeping it for him because I heard he'd been arrested. I see. Well, thanks, Mr. Green. I'll see that you're paid for your work. Oh, sure, Marshal. That's all right. Goodbye. Oh, goodbye, Mr. Green. Looks like Billy was telling the truth. Yeah. Are you sure can't convict a man of a shooting if he didn't have a gun? No, sir. But there's that nester he killed. Oh, for nothing. Yes, sir. Alchester, it's pretty hopeless now, but... let's see if we can find out who did kill Kate. Probably just some thief. Heard about her money. Yeah. The direction of Norman McDonnell stars William Conrad as Matt Dillon, U.S. Marshal. Tonight's story was specially written for Gunsmoke by John Meston, with music composed and conducted by Rex Corey. Harley Bear is Chester, Georgia Ellis is Kitty, and Howard McNeer is Doc. Gunsmoke has been selected by the Armed Forces Radio Service to be heard by our troops overseas. Join us again next week as Matt Dillon, U.S. Marshal, fights to bring law and order out of the wild violence of the West in Gunsmoke.