A survey conducted by finder.com in 2021 revealed that Nigeria ranked sixth among 20 countries in the world that have adapted non-fungible tokens NFTs. The reason for this is not far-fetched. As a result of the continued devaluation of the Naira, Nigerians are constantly on the lookout for new ways to stay above inflation. One of such ways appears to be delving into the acquisition and sale of digital assets, NFTs. Given the rapid growth of the NFT ecosystem in Nigeria, what do Nigerians need to know and how can they be protected? Welcome to Business Insight and Plus TV Africa. I am Justin Akadohi. What Nigeria faces increasingly in 2022 is crippling starvation that is low economic growth coupled with high inflation. The scientists are already there for all to see. For this week, let's take a look at stories which made headlines in the world of business in Nigeria. The National Bureau of Statistics NBS says Nigerians spend more on transportation in March. According to the report, the average fare for a single journey one-way ticket by air passengers increased by 4.43 percent monthly from 44,825 Naira in February to 46,810 Naira in March. This report covered various categories, bus journey within the city per drop constant bus journey into city, state routes, chart per person, airfare change for specified routes single journey, journey by motorcycle per drop, and waterway passenger transport. The report stated that airfare rose by 28.26 percent year-on-year to 36,495 Naira from March last year. Governor Babaji Desongolu revealed that work on the Blue Line Rail project was at 90 percent completion. He said that the state government is on track at completing work on both the Blue and Rail lines rail projects, which are intercity to strengthen the intermodal transportation system. According to him, contractors are working seven days a week so that residents will ride trains on the rail by the first quarter of 2023. He said that the Blue Line rail would be running on electric trucks with electric motor vehicle, EMV, and therefore want residents to keep off the train lines and ensure they don't walk on it. Bakers under the aegis of the Premium Breadmakers Association of Nigeria said they would increase the price of bread. The president of the association Emmanuel Onora said the increase became inevitable due to soaring cost of productions. This increment is across all variants. The federal government has concluded plans to initiate a new program called Investing in Digital and Creative Enterprises with over $600 million commitment to support young people engaging in skills development. National Coordinator's Social Investment Programme Humar Bindir revealed this at the fifth National Tourism Transportation Summit and Expo in Abuja, saying the program is aimed at training youth through several skills acquisitions. Bindir also urged the youth to grab the opportunity with all sense of commitment and steadfastness for the overall good of the country in its march to industrial and economic greatness. Now those were the stories that made headlines this week. Moving on, despite the growth of NFT among Nigerians, it remains a novel concept. A large number of the population are still unaware of its operations. Also, the government is yet to provide an elaborate and uniform regulation to guide its usage in Nigeria. Rumair Dominic is a certified blockchain architect and cryptocurrency expert. He is also an executive member of the stakeholders in Blockchain Association of Nigeria C-Band. He is the MDCEO of Verm Nigeria Company. He joins us now to share insights on this conversation. Thank you for joining us, Rumair Dominic. Thank you very much. Let's talk about this particular development which is the NFTs are. What do we really need to know as people? It is a bit novel in Nigeria, are there risks involved? Yes, of course. They are major with associated with this particular NFTs space. And the truth is NFT is the latest data trend and it is rapidly gaining attention after the largest economy. It is a non-fungible token that is unique. And it is not interchangeable units of data. In the sense that like the Naira notes you have, there are so many people that have that Naira note on the street. Take for example, the Bitcoin has a currency which is a digital asset. There are a lot of people that have that particular Bitcoin. And that particular Bitcoin can be split into smaller units. But in the case of NFTs, we are trying to define something that no other person has. So if you look at this particular two-use case that I just made mention of, these two different classes of items, people have them. But for NFTs, it is just one of that particular item. And just one that is available and cannot be split into smaller units. So let's take for example, you have customized cars. Maybe they make only seven in the world. You can definitely say that those particular types of cars are things that you cannot find in any other place around the world. So those particular type of items becomes non-fungible, which means they cannot be recreated easily. Just like this particular moment that we are having, we might never have this particular type of moment anytime again. But it can also be a real-life experience, just like we have on this particular call. And at this particular time now, we are sharing different experiences together. The recording of this particular experience becomes an NFT-like item. So you can upload this particular thing. And if I have a large following, you have a large following, someone that is emotionally attached to this particular recording can now say, Hi, I love this particular content. I love this particular app. I want to own it digitally and be the only one that can own it. And then be able to monetize it, which means that if that person makes an offer and then you sell the intellectual property to that person, it becomes a non-fungible intellectual property. So it actually transcends across both owning digital art, applying your intellectual property, and being able to also feel, apply emotions to which are moments that are captured as NFTs. All right, Dominic, let's try and bring it closer home. When you talk of NFTs, what comes to mind is more intellectual property, the arts, maybe the entertainment. But in Nigeria, we still have issues of copywriting and other laws associated with it. How do we bring all of that to the picture? So with the issue of copywriting, one of the properties of blockchain is the fact that it is immutable, which means that whatever is placed on the blockchain cannot be altered. And what is the reason for this particular copywriting? People try to take things and alter it and change data and try to put one or two things. So for the case of copywriting, what we can see is once artists now start putting their work on the blockchain, making them NFTs, they can be able to have a control in the same way with demand and supply. One of the major reasons that accounts for the continuous price increase in other digital assets is the supply and demand factor. So once they put it on this particular blockchain, you cannot say, okay, I want to have only 50,000 copies of this particular type of art, this particular type of music, just like we have seen in Taylor Swift and all of those other global artists do. You want to have 50,000 copies of this song as an NFT asset on the blockchain and we're only going to sell that. And you cannot find that anywhere else in the world. The artist is also able to continually end realities on the sale of those particular words, NFTs. So right now, there's a high possibility that if you make your music, you put it at a labor market, maybe when mama okay is done or papa John is done, they might not come and give you realities because they actually dubbed that particular words, that particular song or that particular content. But with NFTs and them being on the blockchain, you continue to end realities for life and it cannot be duplicated. You see, digital as it is, there is only one particular technology that cobs what is called double spending, which means that whatever is sent to you cannot be retained by the other party that is sending it. So that's one of the things that can actually make NFTs to be able to cove that particular problem of copywriting. All right, right now, there seems to be a very huge demand, huge market for NFTs, not just in Nigeria or Africa, as it is really evolving, but also around the world. Tell us more about the demand and supply risk for when you talk about currencies in Nigeria, we'll talk about devaluation. But for NFTs, really, are there risk of maybe it coming down in value or any of that? Yes, just like with every economy, except they are all risk associated with it. Now, the in-currency, okay, there are a couple of things the average Nigerian needs to know actually before you get into NFTs, need to have a little knowledge of cryptocurrencies and have a little knowledge of DeFi. And then you use these cryptocurrencies, which is now the currency of the internet to what to purchase these NFTs, right? And when you use these particular currencies to purchase these NFTs, the thing is, is these currencies, some of them are liquid across a lot of markets. But when you purchase these NFTs, there are some challenges in the sense that some of these NFTs, maybe you cannot sell them anymore, in the sense that the marketplace, after buying that particular NFT, there's no strong utility for that particular NFT. And the marketplace to be able to sell it is now not available. Well, you use the digital currency to buy it, right? Your hope is that after buying it with that digital currency, you might be able to exchange that NFT for another value. But in this case now, you are unable to do that. So that now defeats what the liquidity of that particular NFT. So that's one major challenge that is affected with the around the NFT after using the digital currencies to what to buy it. I would like you to repeat the part B of your question so that we can put it on. Okay. You will agree with me that NFTs are relatively new in Nigeria. And when it comes to regulation, the CBN is quick to waging its sledgehammer on things like that when it comes to digital asset. The case of cryptocurrency is one that is still very fresh on our minds. Don't you think we should be looking at the direction of regulation so Nigerians can actually be prepared and actually be protected as it were? Actually, in terms of regulation, I would say yes, we should be looking at regulatory policies to be able to ensure that we have a safe marketplace for the NFT users in Nigeria. You see, Nigeria, some of the statistics that came to my table as one of the executive members of CBAN saw that Nigerians, we are about 30.7% of Nigerians interacting with the NFT world. What would I add about the global population which we are having into the average of the global population which is about 10.7% which means that the global marketplace of the world for NFTs, we have majority of them in Nigeria. So why would I say no to regulation coming into this particular market space? I mean, we have over a by $269 billion locked in total valuation of this particular digital asset. And we see that Nigerian art creators are using NFTs to leverage the shift of art to the digital world because that's why development programs on cryptocurrency they're increasing their networks while at it. Nigerian regulators will continue to divide policies that will keep up with the technology. And we see that that's why the lack of regulation. In 2018, we saw one of Nigeria's prominent artists Justin Igway, he submitted his work during the 2018 Iterial Blockchain Summit. And during the COVID period, he sold some of those NFTs because he had already learned how to win some of those NFTs and he sold them for a huge amount of money. We also see a lot of other Nigerians like them like Gray Shadow, we also see Nigerians like Odiantobee, Oindamola, Oikemi, they are making so much, so much weight in the NFTs world. We have this regulation and you see that Nigerians are using it to end foreign exchange into the country and they are using it to interact with global finance. So regulation should come and quickly address some of the challenges that we are having, some of the challenges that we are having, especially with the marketplace, with the liquidity that is around the NFTs. And then some NFTs that have perceived value. And you want to see perceived value in the sense that an influencer can talk about an NFT because one of the challenges too is that the skill set around understanding this particular concept is not also available in the country. So an influencer can come talk about an NFT and people might have a perceived value on it. And maybe why that particular NFT does not have utility, does not have a roadmap, does not have where it is going to. And then Nigerians would ape in, which means they will buy in, and then maybe they will lose their money in the process because they will not be able to work. So I mean exchange that NFT for value. And what do you call an asset? An asset is anything that has a lot of liquidity around it. Which means if you have an NFT that you are classifying as a digital asset, you want to also put in liquidity that particular digital asset to what? To cash. And since you cannot do it, you might not be blaming the regulators or the governments for not putting in enough policies to be able to ensure that they safeguarded your money while you are trying to do it. And I think that this regulation we try to do is to open up the market space for Nigerians. Currently we have the dollar exchange, I think $20 per month, right? Or there are about some banks less than $20. There are NFTs that are worth $1,000, $300, $500,000, $500. So how then do you want Nigerians to be part of this global economy with the limitation in bottleneck or payment? Then Nigerians will be missing out of it. Then Nigerians cannot join the third world, this particular first world countries in the terms of technological revolution that is going on with NFTs. And then, well, this regulation will ensure that they increase the limits for Nigerians to be able to spend effects and be able to get access to what? To the best digital collectibles in the world. So I think regulation should come in quickly to be able to address all of these things that can actually make Nigeria, which is a giant of Africa, to start taking a backseat in this large technological revolution. All right, so let's talk about the future of all of this now, NFTs and blockchain. It seems to be gaining a whole lot of momentum at such a rapid space in Nigeria. So do you see this particular technology, this digital asset becoming the order of the day or the main currency the Nigerians will be trading on over time? Yes, of course. Like I said, one of the go-to place, right? One of the major challenges is the fact that Nigerians don't have a skill set for a go-to place to be able to learn about this to now ensure that we keep attracting a lot of foreign revenue that is coming into the country now from these different technological interactions. So the future actually goes a lot of right hope for us. As you know, I'm an author in this particular technological space or in this particular niche. One of the go-to place to really learn about all of this is VRAM.co, which at that particular VRAM.co you see a lot of, we have about 20 blockchain, 20 different blockchain courses, which is about one or seven different modules that addresses this particular skill set. Takes you from one step to another to now see that the future we're talking about is one that is mastered by Nigerians and one that we are able to have enough engineers, enough blockchain tech, saving people that can actually interact with tech, develop business solutions and ensure that we have good use cases. Let's take for example now, NFTs are unique identities, right? Let's say we want to take NFTs to start solving like ticketing problems in Nigeria. You know, in Nigeria you have fake tickets that they sell in some of these concerts. So for the artist, they can say like, in the video can say I'm issuing out, instead of me, he wants to sell 10,000 tickets for maybe one particular arena. You issue out VIP tickets for your NFT, maybe we issue out 2,000 VIP NFTs. We issue out 3,000 VIP less of that particular one and then all of them are tied to the blockchain. Whenever they get to your event hall, they show their NFTs. They know that this person is a VIP, this person is entitled to this, this person is entitled to that. And this is the future in terms of what? Ensuring that people do not counterfeit this particular and forge things on the internet. Then let's talk about digital identity or let's talk about the fact that this NFT, if you, if one of the future opinions that some of these particular NFTs can give you access to specific communities that will now, okay, so before some people used to be part of some grocery clubs, shell clubs and all of those things. Now this particular, different, this particular centralized organization before, they can go into decentralized autonomous organization and they can start using NFTs to be able to manage those particular access points. So you have your community, you issue them out some NFTs and then only people that have those NFTs, it's not like the key of the internet, it's only people that have those things can access some special rights. Let's say like for a station now, for me to gain some special access to maybe a discount on adverts, maybe discount on one or two programs that you air. Maybe you guys did 100 NFTs at a point in time and you gave it to your top 10 tech guys and you said this top 10 tech guys from every dividend that this company will earn or whatever value they keep putting in this company, they will keep earning something and as fast as we have those NFTs, we become shareholders and value-coded. All right, Dominic. All right, Dominic, we must say a very big thank you to you for joining us. Let me take that again. All right, Dominic, we must say a very big thank you to you for joining us to share all of the insights concerning NFTs. It is actually a very wide topic of discussion and we must have to bring you back to the true more like in future. Thank you once again, Dominic, Rume, Isa, the certified blockchain architect and he joined us on the show today. Thank you yet again. All right, thank you for having me. Have a nice day. All right, away from all of that, the president of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, I can comfort Eytayo, says the body will continue to educate members with relevant trainings, skills and technology to meet up with the evolve in global trends. Eytayo said it's on the sideline of her official visit to the Lagos and District Society details in this package. Members of the Lagos and District Society welcomed their 57th president to Odey there. Although the gathering is a relaxed one, issues affecting the accountancy profession take center stage. Top on the front burner is the relevance of accountants joining the profession and their lack of employability. However, all hope is not lost. The ICANN bus flung by other executives hints of a silver lining. We are establishing ICANN Academy for instance where we can also put them through the necessary training apart from their own professional continuous training. Then we also have entrepreneurship initiative which we have started already. The aspect of that is to also those who want to go into practice to make them see what it looks like teach them the business aspect as well as the skill aspect. So most of them know that the students, I mean ICANN is one of the most difficult exams people think they pass to pass. So when you see anybody passed ICANN, ICANN examination is so happy because you know the rigor of the examination processes. Now transferring that same zeal and what you have acquired into the field is not a challenge ICANN is having. Now these may not be the best of times for the profession. As accountants are being challenged not only by the harsh economic circumstances of the nation but also by pieces of regulations. They speak of how gaps in the company and Allied Matters Act camera affect your practice. The guiding rules of members of this day of guidance are accuracy and integrity. In that sense accountants does what is sought. It's meant to defend the both the profession and the organization it works for. Safeguard its assets and ensure that the resources of the organizations are safeguarded. Now some of the jobs that are supposed to be done by accountants for instance some of the provisions that talks about if your turnover is below 25 million you are not supposed to pay tax. Good, good, good, very good provision. I mean to be to be tax friendly to the to businesses but now that means if you're not going to pay tax that you don't prepare an account. The ICANN president also condemned the continuous disregard for professionals in the civil service recruitment process. And that's the size of the show. Business Insight returns same time next week. I am Justin Al-Kadounyeh. Many thanks for watching.


Python on hardware news. We got a lot of stuff going on this week. There's so much stuff. We were just in our meeting We do a remote team meeting with all of us before our shows and there's so much Python news And that's what's been happening with The newsletter so this week just you're gonna do a couple highlights, and they're gonna pick one thing out Yeah, I think it's kind of important. So we have the circuit Python 7 alpha 3 releases 6 30 stable releases If you check it out, we got the new poster with the micro Python snake and the circuit Python Blinka along with the keyboard there Talked about the Raspberry Pi chips the RP 2040s are available for a dollar in single units We also stocked them. We have Packs of 10 as well pie our toss for circuit Python Runs on Metro M4. I'm going to be talking about the switch from our repositories to main shortly We have a great interview with Armstrong who is on our show-and-tell and we have posted the interview text interview on our website This is a Q&A programming with microcontrollers circuit Python author. He's got a really cool story. Check it out. Yep Check out some of the videos Some of the news around the web the Picon Videos of all been posted. So if you didn't make it to Picon Virtually, you can watch it now Lots and lots and lots and lots and lots of keyboard related things Multi-pass which is on our show-and-tell Minecraft controllers you name it. It's happening with Python on hardware Python in particular is becoming more and more popular. It'll probably end up being number one programming engine in the world As far as number of people using it So we cover that news and a bunch of other things, but as you can tell it's a never-ending Story about all the things that are going on with Python and one of the best things about Python is the inclusive community And that's what I'm going to talk about this week. So happy Pride Month everybody. Yeah If you look really close in the back here, we have our flag. Yeah, we put this up every year Yeah, last year we were yeah, well casting not from here, but it's yeah last year around this time I would come in after our show and Then I would we had our like chemical suits that we were using the spray-downator for this thing, June I think we're still doing that at night Because surface vectors for a virus attack was unknown So we're just like well, let's make sure we sanitize everything all the time always forever And we ain't got sick. So hopefully it worked out. So anyways This month's the Pride Month and I think it's a good time to reflect on some stuff But most of all if you're a technologist there are some things you can do to be inclusive to get rid of some old language That doesn't make sense anymore And also to understand where other people are coming from so the thing that we worked on and we've been doing this for a bit across different things is there's an old term and it's derived from bitkeeper master and slave for repos Repositories of software and you can change it to Maine and GitHub and Microsoft made big announcement We're gonna make it easy for you. We're gonna do this. Yes. It's actually like a one-click thing and GitHub as well that's right and that was Something that's really important to us important to our team and if you're a technologist You can do this and if you're an open source community like we are it reflects poorly if you ignore something that people really want so The neat thing that's happening is it's working So we're on Maine There's a lot of other organizations on Maine the day that we did our post about this with all the resources On how to do it on some of the other efforts make post it up most most see and me so 140 years of wrong So make is changing the language for their magazine with these things as well including what the pin stand for There's lots of efforts and Oshawa and more and then after we did masters of the Maine that night Spark fund chains there is 1038. They went from master to Maine then within a week. Arduino went from master to Maine So if you look at our post, there is a lot of organizations and I just started finding some logos really quick So about 80% of the open-source hardware now when you add Adafruit and spark fun have made that switch the software conservatory They do get and they have that as a default. Yeah Python Foundation is the ones that kind of got us all to or one of the ones that said hey, this is important. We can do this Make it's changing their language the Linux kernel Also changed it red hat going across all of the Linuxy stuff that they touch and more so this is happening and I really think that if you're someone who maintains Repositories it's something. Yes, it's a little bit of work, but you can do it And I know that there's this idea that well does it really matter? Does it solve things? No, it's a drop but get enough drops. You got a notion That's the type of change that we can do is remind people that when they are naming things going forward like Let's think about the language we use right because it's like just because we've had a long history of using certain words And they come up over and over again like the github naming came from bitkeeper and they the bitkeeper guy said Oh, I got it from something out like it becomes a viral decision. And so if you if you break the chain now We can keep people from using these same words over and over again Come with better more descriptive names and in more sense And I'll just say this because like lady and I get really crummy emails from people who don't like rainbows don't like Equality You know we're easy to get ahold of and I think one of the things is they themselves can imagine why it's a big deal But they don't work or work at a place with diversity or they don't know other people that have different backgrounds And so they can't imagine it But it's a simple thing that you could do if you're a technologist part of a bigger amount of work Yeah, this isn't the only thing. Yeah, it's more than a hashtag. It's more than just like I care It's something that we can all do but you start with this. Yeah We all we all have little things that we can do and if you do something every day Eventually there could be good change. That is the Python 1001 news this week. Thank you Blinka


California's Sleeping Giants, coming up next. Coming up on Inside Look. The explosion of a volcano erupting. California is not only earthquake country. It is also volcano country. More than 500 volcanic vents have been identified in the state of California. We know that there's a chance that they will occur, but we're not able to say exactly why. We're going Inside California's Earthquake Tsunami and Volcano Program this week on Inside Look. Cal OES Logo. Inside Look. OESNews.com. Welcome to Inside Look. I'm Brian May, and what you see behind me is 100% pure California. It is just absolutely beautiful, isn't it? But what our eyes can see on the surface only tells half the story. We know that California is home to earthquakes, but did you also know that we are a state home to volcanoes? Should we be worried? And how much notice would we get if there were to be an eruption? It's time to start answering those questions. We begin our coverage with Sean Boyd. Snowcapped Lassen Peak. Lassen Peak. Its beauty belies its simmering potential. It is at the top of the state's volcano watch list. The volcano is still very much active. That's why we have these wonderful hydrothermal areas. California is not only earthquake country. It is also volcano country. Dr. Maggie Mangan is the scientist in charge at the USGS California Volcano Observatory in Menlo Park. The threat is real and the potential for another volcanic eruption in the state of California is on the order of one in a hundred to about one in a couple thousand in any given year. Would you buy a lottery ticket with those odds? Well, those odds are why the USGS monitors all eight volcanoes in the watch list. Lassen Peak and Mount Shasta in the north and Long Valley Caldera east of Yosemite are California's high threat volcanoes. Monitoring stations at the volcanoes themselves gather seismic and gas readings, along with data on changes in land topography, then streams it all in real time to this operations room at the observatory. Scientists also watch the molten rock or magma flowing three miles below Lassen Peak. We keep a watch on that because if we start to see anything migrating toward the surface, it might suggest that the magmatic system is going to be replenished and that could provoke an eruption. Dr. Mike Klin has studied Lassen Peak since 1975. Lassen last erupted in May of 1915, miraculously captured on film. An old black and white flickering film shows a large plume at the top of the mountain. There were no known deaths and only a few minor injuries. But should Lassen or Shasta blow today and it will? It's not a matter of if, it's just a matter of when. The results would be more complicated and concerning depending on the severity and the other conditions like weather. But it would not take us by surprise. It's likely that you would see weeks to months of warning. Scientists learn a lot from history. It is a determined odds maker. The number of volcanic eruptions that occur within the state of California in just the last thousand years are about the same as the number of large damaging earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. We take that hazard seriously. We need to take the volcano hazard seriously. Alright, thanks, Sean. So what's being done to monitor the volcanoes in California? How do we know that we'll know before the next eruption? With more on Cal OES's role in volcano monitoring, here's Jonathan Goodell. Thanks, Brian. If there's anything that we've learned about volcanoes, it's that they're impulsive. When and where they may erupt is virtually impossible to predict. What we do know is that monitoring is being done around the clock to ensure public safety. Tracking indicators such as GPS, seismometers and other tools provide experts with a realistic assessment of when a volcano may erupt. Warnings could spare residents a few days, weeks and maybe months, even as threats rise. There's a notification process that we use with our federal partners which rise all the way from an advisory up to an imminent morning. Through the earthquake, tsunami and volcano program, Cal OES monitors reports from the USGS including low-magnitude earthquakes. Over time, those earthquakes could be an inclination of an impending volcanic eruption. We work very closely with our scientific partners at the California Geologic Survey and the US Geologic Survey to really understand what the hazard is. So that includes digging in deep to what the mapping is right now and also learning about what the implications would be once a volcano eruption were to occur and how that would impact not only the local communities but the secondary and tertiary cascading impacts that could happen as a result of a volcanic eruption. What can be done to minimize impacts to your family and home? First, be aware of any surrounding volcanoes and how close you are to them. Also, review your homeowner's insurance policy, be aware of warning sirens and create an emergency evacuation plan as well as an emergency kit. Because the odds of the next volcanic eruption happening? Well, even for the experts, it's just too unpredictable. There are some volcanic eruptions where, you know, it could be tens of thousands of years in between when the last one erupted. So we're still continuing to be vigilant and making sure we're monitoring and staying on top of all the latest science so we can be prepared for when that day does happen. Here are some interesting facts about volcanoes. Did you know Kilauea in Hawaii is the most dangerous volcano in the world with 61 eruptions since 1893? The largest volcanic eruption on record was Toba in Indonesia, thought to have erupted 73,000 years ago. It released more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of material and created a caldera 100 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide. The United States ranks third behind Indonesia and Japan in the number of historically active volcanoes. And there are 65 volcanoes in the United States with eight of those in California alone. And lastly, Mount St. Helens was a most destructive eruption in U.S. history, occurring in 1980 in Washington state. Thanks, Jonathan. To see more videos like this and to see other stories covered by our team, you can go to oesnews.com. You can also like our Facebook page and follow us on Twitter and Instagram. And that will do it for this week's edition of Inside Look for all of us at Cal OES. I'm Brian May. Thanks for watching and stay safe.


Hi, and how are you all doing today? My name is Priyanka. The question to be discussed is refer to example 5, section 14.4, chapter 14, find the probability that the student of the class was born in August. Now if you go back to the chapter 14 and to the section 14.4 that is on page 247 you'll observe a histogram over there. What you need to do is first of all you need to tell me the total number of students in class 9 which is given to you in that question. I'm giving you two minutes to find it out. So the number told by you all is 40 to me right. Now looking at the histogram tell me the number of students born in August you are quite fast. Yeah the number is equal to 6. Now what I need to find out over here is I need to find out the probability that student was born in August that is 6 out of this 40 and on simplifying it we have the answer as 3 by 20. So the answer to this session is the probability that the student was born in August is 3 by 20. This is the required answer to this session. Hope you understood it well and take care.


Ah ah ah, don't turn that dial. This is the right station if you want to hear about Jonathan Thomas and his Christmas on the Moon. Now I hope every little girl and boy will be very quiet so they may enjoy this wonderful story of Jonathan Thomas who made such a very important promise. Now of course you remember how it all came about, but if you shouldn't, I haven't a doubt it won't take long to remind you again. So this is the way the story began. You see the squibobblems broke all the laws and kidnapped poor old Santa Claus. And so it was up to the man on the moon and Jonathan Thomas to bring him back soon. So they climbed on the back of Gorgonzola the horse, heard it a long way to go, but then of course it was a dangerous road past the house of the toad and over a river so wide and past the dwarfs who were nice and who gave them some advice about the wicked old witch of Rumpelstich who came flying up on her broom. And she laughed and screamed in the awfulest way and said they were all headed for doom. And she cast a bad spell which worked very well in the enchanted forest of sleep but a good fairy queen was very soon seen when they said the word they had to say, a word they had heard from the dwarfs on the way, a magical word that went this way. And the good fairy queen gave them a charm to keep them quite safe from every alarm. But then whiskery Bill in the forest of sleep scared the horse till he couldn't stand still. Then what do you think? As quick as a wink, Jonathan Thomas fell off and went sound asleep and there was only one token by which the spell could be broken and that was the red, red rose. But it's winter and most everyone knows that the Brambley Briar can't grow a red rose. She could grow a white one but that's not red. And so to whiskery Bill she said, please go to the rainbow's end. You'll have to go but there's no one else to send. And so whiskery Bill went over the hill and then he met a walrus and they became very good friends. And well, here's where the story begins again. We shall think some lies. Do you think that we'll ever arrive? After all, we've traveled quite a way.  Well, blimey, there's lots of things that I could say but there's one thing that I'm sure I know and that is we haven't far to go. No? Right Al, but can't you see by the color of the air, the rainbow bridge is right over there. Well, if you're not right, this is a beautiful sight. It is blue. Now listen right careful and be as still as a mouse. The rainbow keeper lives in that little house. Well, and what shall we do? Well now that's up to you. It's you who wants the color red. Of course I do. That's what I told you. I don't want to be killed down dead. Well now that's no shame and I can give you no blame but here's what you've got to do.  Right Al. And then what happens to me? Well, I don't know. You'll have to go. Then of course you'll see but I can give you an hint. They say he's richer than a mint and one more thing to make you wiser. Yes. Ha ha, you'll never guess. It's rumored around that he's quite a miser. Oh. Right Al. Much for your advice and such and I guess I'd better start. It won't do to be delayed even though I am afraid.  For it might be a treat that chap to meet and you might even be a bit charmed. Oh. Right Al. And I'll wait for your ear and I'll lots of cheer and wish you the very best luck and call if you like your poor little tyke. That is if you happen to get stuck. Well, please keep your fingers crossed and hope and pray I won't be lost. We don't want any. We've already got some. Gracious me. What do you want? Whatever it is you can't have it. Well, at least you could do is to invite me in. Why? I'd like to know. Of course I am. And I'm a very busy man. So speak up quick or I'll use this stick on you. What do you want? Gracious sakes. Will you stop all these whores and hens? Out of your head. Why, you ought to be in bed.  Goodness knows. Oh, not before the brambly.  I won't give you a thing, but I'll make you sing if you don't get out of my sight. Why, the very thought that my rubies could be bought. Why, my dear little squirrel, you're not quite quite. This is the way to the door. First, go peddle your papers. I haven't time to worry, so there's the door, and here's your hat. And please, sir, watch your hurry. Hey, for me to stay, you said for me to go away. Hey, thank you. What'll we do for the colour of red? Now, wait a moment. I've got an idea. Must be wiser than that old miser. Look, there's the rainbow bridge, and I'll tell you what we'll do. We've got to have the red, and it's just entered my ear. We'll break off a piece or two. Come on here, Whiskery Bill.  Look, you know, it's solid ruby. Enough for a king. Gee, Whizzle. Oh, but we haven't got a hammer or a chisel or anything. Have a tusk and an egg. So what I'll do is put my ivory tusk on the ruby, and then you hammer me on the egg.  That's what we'll do. That's a good idea. Now then, be as quiet as a mouse so the miser won't come out of his house. Are we ready? Yes, but hold right steady. Now then, you can start into pound, but don't make too much of a sound. Go ahead. Start pounding on me, Ed. There's under the rainbow, please, chasing it. And so they finally got the rubies red from the rainbow. But will they be caught and put in jail maybe for a million years? Well, that old miser didn't have any right to refuse poor Whiskerry Bill to teensy-weensy rubies, because anyway, he doesn't own the rainbow bridge. Everybody does. Well, we mustn't forget to hear the next story of Jonathan Thomas so we can hear what happened to Sir Algie and Whiskerry Bill. I won't forget. Don't you?


What's good Josh boros back again with another video, so we're gonna check out ranking the 13 versions of Randy Orden from worse To best by none other than wrestling and flashback this video alone on his end is 34 minutes long So this is gonna be quite a long video. So sit back and relax and we're gonna watch this together I wanted to check this out Since you know, I've reported I want to say I think it was a Earlier last like maybe this weekend or whatnot that There are reports going around and Randy Orden may May have to retire soon from WWE the doctors advised him not to come back to Wrestling so you know, I wanted to really check this video out You know just in case if that is a situation and Randy Orden is done We may not see him in a wrestling ring for quite some time Or if ever again that I wanted to go through and checked out some of the best versions of Randy Orden And we have seen over the years the dude is a future Hall of Famer is not even a question And he deserves to be admired and and look at his just like his transformation from where he started to where he was When it was all said and done so hopefully that isn't the case Hopefully he is able to come back to give us one more run if he can't I understand You know, his health is more important than anything wrestling related So we're gonna check out the best versions of him and some of the worst versions of Randy Orden man But this should be a good one appreciate all the love and support you guys are shown on channel Y'all sit back and relax because this is gonna be a long video. Let's do this thing I have blocker From legend killer the legend Randy Orton's longevity and tenure is unmatched He has remained a constant in WWE for over 20 years Wrestling was in his blood and destiny was in his future It's often mean said that if you could build a professional wrestler from the ground up You would get Randy Orton find out just why that statement rings true today as we look back and rank the various Personas and numerous different versions of Randy Orton number 13 rookie Orton 2002 to 2003 Orton's resting career began in WWE's developmental territory Ohio Valley resting having spent two years learning the craft He was eventually promoted to the WWE main roster in April 2002 His first matches saw him wrestle the likes of hardcore Holly test and Lance storm Naturally Orton was quite rough around the edges when he first debuted However, he was put in matches against experienced wrestlers who helped show him the ropes One of the first obstacles Orton had to conquer was his nerves His opponents could tell how nervous Randy was based on how he looked walking to the ring Hardcore Holly was the first to notice and offered Orton valuable advice the highlight of Orton's first year in the WWE Came when he wrestled the Undertaker for the undisputed championship Taker was incredibly giving during the match offering Orton a big chance to shine so much So after the match and Vince McMahon questioned the dead man's decision to give the rookie so much offense Orton jump shipped to Raw in September of 2002 But almost a shout out to the Undertaker trying to you know, get get get him over You know saying you know giving him that type of rub would give him so much offense on him You know that that's always dope to see that the Undertaker Possibly did see something like okay this guy got some time Let me let me try to make him look good. That is also a good You know, I guess you could say a part of being a good veteran Season wrestler is Allowing your opponent to get in some good offense on you as well You don't want to bury your opponent You know, especially if it's not a situation where you're trying to build up a future talent But potentially you don't want to bury them. You want to make them look good as well So immediately suffered a shoulder injury Randy stayed on television though and appeared on raw live from Montreal in this thing Where he cut his first heel promo Over the next few months Orton appeared in RNN techniques giving frequent updates on his condition These skits allowed Orton to slowly develop as a heel giving fans just enough reason to dislike him The injury proved to be a blessing as it allowed Orton to shed his initial white meat baby face rookie persona in favor of a more cocky Arrogant character which works ready to take further advantage of his third-generation heritage number 12 WWE in United States champion 2017-2018 after Orton's feud with Bray white in 2017 Orton was used to try and help establish Jinder Mahal as a viable WWE champion Orton lost the title to Mahal at back When he threw him like that and he over rotated he hit the yeast Yeah, my bad, but this right here was sickening. Oh my god This was so stupid Orton tried his best to get Mahalo But it's always good to be hard for the audience to buy someone as world champion who had largely been an enhancement talent for the majority of their WWE career after losing three times to Mahal three and feuded with Rusev during this feud Orton once again highlighted his ability to hit the RKO out of nowhere doing so numerous times in a variety At the start of 2018 Orton looked to capture the only title he had yet to win in WWE the United States championship Orton won the belt at Fast Lane defeating Bobby Rude This made Orton the 18th Grand Sam champion in WWE history But the Viper only held the championship for a month as Orton would lose yet another title to Jinder Mahal this time in a Failed four-way match at WrestleMania 34 Yeah, this WrestleMania was not good. I forgot this was a thing. I actually I literally forgot he lost it. I Forgot this was a thing. Yeah, this WrestleMania was It was a shame to see Orton lose the title so quickly as it would have been great to see such a top level main Elevate the belt just as rival John Cena had done on Raw in 2015 all in all the one-year period from the spring of 2017 to 2018 was one to forget for Orton He had little to sink his teeth into character or storyline wise The one saving grace was the fact that he was able to win a title He was yet to capture for Orton's US championship reign was so short It never really had a chance to get off the ground Champion Fresh off his highly successful reign as the Intercontinental Champion the WWE believed Orton was ready to take the next step in becoming a main event player Yeah, 20 man battle Royal on Raw Orton became the number one contender for Chris Benoit's World Heavyweight Championship The two clashed at Summer Sam in a stellar match where Orton captured his first world title becoming WWE's youngest ever world champion in the process At just 24 years old and with only two years under his belt on the main roster It begs the question as to whether Orton was truly ready to be world champion and while even Randy agrees It was too soon the way he was booked as champion certainly didn't help matters things started off Well with a brilliant rematch verse Ben what on Raw that was followed by Orton being kicked out of evolution in a famous segment Randy then cemented himself as a baby face the next week by speaking in the face of Triple H Orton lost the world title to Triple H are unforgiven despite putting up a strong fight and while losing the title after just one month was bad enough Orton's rematch at the 2005 Royal Rumble added insult to injury not just because of the loss But due to the way Orton was defeated Randy was beaten cleanly after trying to use the games patented Sturge Hammer Yeah Orton's babyface run had been a bust. He had lost the killer instinct that made him such a great villain as a legend killer While his fellow evolution member Batisa had begun to get over with the fans more organically Orton has always said how much he prefers playing the role of a heel and perhaps his initial failed babyface run has something to do with that Especially yeah, and I believe there was some he was having some backstage issues After they pushed him. I want to say That that was part of the reason why they decided to take the belt off of him so quickly He was having some type of backstage issues or whatnot when it came to like management and stuff like that So I believe Orton himself said he wasn't ready to have that responsibility yet. He just wasn't you know, but uh Hey, he still has that, you know, he was still able to achieve that in such a quick fashion and which lets you know that how big Vincent WWE they were really, you know counting on this guy to be the future for them So given how much it paled in comparison to his previous heel run as well as the subsequent one that was to follow Number 10 Wyatt family member 2016 to 2017 Orton returned from injury in the summer of 2016 Becoming a member of the Smackdown roster at that year's Summer Sam He featured in a memorable but controversial match against Brock Leslie The ending to this match was so violent it even had Chris Jericho wondering at the finish I remember watching that live and I was like wait a minute Yo, he busted him open hard like that was a hard hard way bust Like he busted him open legit. There was no not enough time for him to play That was legit. I was like Holy I was concerned because he was leaking Like he was leaking like you see right here. It's just boring. I was like, oh my god What the f*** was planned or not leading to an altercation between Y2J and Lesnar backstage from there Orton began a feud with Bray Wyatt, which eventually led to Orton joining the Wyatt family. Yeah Orton's addition to the group wasn't really a good fit Although we didn't manage to capture the tag titles during this time Fans were more eager to see the moment Orton eventually turned Orton's objective was to destroy the Wyatt's from the inside This plan fit his character as it's only ever a matter of time before the Viper strikes after all However, this storyline just dragged on for too long since Orton and Wyatt were booked to go all the way up until after WrestleMania during his time in the Wyatt family Orton was able to elevate Luke Harper However, WWE subsequently failed to capitalize on Harper's momentum Yeah, Orton's turn on Bray was done in unique circumstances as Orton burned down the Wyatt family compound resulting in a cool-looking visual No, that was a cool visual Unfortunately, the payoff to the feud saw Orton and Wyatt wrestle two bizarre matches first at WrestleMania 33 Where Orton beat Bray for the WWE championship then came the house of which was We're not even talking about the whole bro situation. Yeah, I know I feel about that Porras match at payback this concept had potential But it wasn't executed well and absolutely died in front of the live audience who were forced to watch most of the match on the titantron It didn't work overall Orton's time with the Wyatt's won't be looked back on too fondly No, there were some bright sparks like the matches with Luke Harper as well as Orton winning the Royal Rumble And then the WWE title at WrestleMania But all in all the storyline lasted longer than it needed to fans would have preferred to see Orton get another shot at Brock Lesnar Waffle Bray a feud with Luke Harper likely would have had more legs given their built-in story number nine rated RKO 2006 2007 Man, this was a man. I love their team man when they joined rated RKO. I loved it Oh, that was good. That was a cool pairing boy in the middle of 2006 Love rated RKO the two were paired together to act as credible opponents for dx resulting in a memorable feud During which Orton and Edge captured the world tag team titles Oh, it came to a perpetual end after Triple H tourist quad at New Year's revolution 2007 then after dropping the tag bells to the team of Shawn Michaels and John Cena Rated RKO began to fizzle out with the two splitting for good following a singles match against each other on war This came the night after they wrestled in an epic fatal four way for the WWE championship at backlash Yeah, this was such a good match Orton and Edge both had big personalities Their characters meshed together well in the beginning, but it was only a matter of time before their egos clashed It didn't lead to a pay-per-view singles match though as Edge was moved to Smackdown following the dreams to mr Kennedy and the Undertaker the run with Edge benefited Orton as it allowed Randy to mix it up against Triple H And Shawn Michaels again with Orton and even better wrestler than he was two years prior Man, I love that rated RKO is a it was short lived, but it was it was great, man I love that that pairing that actually worked for a little bit, man During the feud Orton's history with both wrestlers was played up Which became even more relevant when Orton worked against both Hunter and Shawn in a singles feud the next year rated RKO had great chemistry Yeah While behind the scenes Edge helped keep Randy in check after the tough year Orton had just endured Rated RKO's run was short and while it did lose some steam after triple h's injury the team created some great television Oh my god, that was so good They were so low and if Aaron was keen steering Orton back in the right direction after the problems he'd been experiencing in his personal life Number eight apex predator After a feud with fellow legacy members Rose and DBRC Orton continued his face front deciding to change his look to freshen things up The Viper stopped wearing wristbands for a few months a look that surprised fans seen as how odd Randy looked with nothing on His arms 2010 wasn't a great year for the wwe and the same could be said for Orton Yeah He remained consistent in the ring but from a promo and character perspective There was nothing to write home about the same can be said for the feuds he was in Orton was over as a face But he once again lacked that killer instinct and vicious nature that made him so great as a heel Given some of the horrendous things he did as a heel It was going to be hard to top this as a face However in 2011 Orton was able to find a greater balance between his characters The punt kick was brought back due to necessity Yeah, Randy had to fight off an entire stable on his own in nexus during his feud with cm punk And as we'd seen in the years prior in order to hit the punt Orton had to go to that place in his head Yeah, the menace was back this time as a baby face I ain't got a lot to you Bro when he started hearing them voices in his head and what what made it Somewhat work in a sense is because we saw Randy at his most vicious Evil point when he's out here Punt kicking the mcman's kissing Stephanie mcman like he was mega ultra rogue We've seen him at his worst and he was just taking people out So to see him as a baby face, but then he would tap into that People like that people want to cheer for you like like i've said before the anti hero He was the anti hero. He would kick you in the skull You know i'm saying before a good cause Man He made sense as this was the only way the apex predator was going to be able to take out nexus From the deranged look on randy's face You could just tell when the voices were taking over the build-up to each punt is truly epic as Each nexus member Was the only one left He wouldn't see orton snap like this again until his feud with christian in the summer. Yeah christian again This was a great feud though, you'd have been very much one sided on orton's behalf until the money in the bank Pay-per-view there the stipulation was such that orton could lose the world Oh, he's going to their place again mama. Oh, he's hearing voices and it's about to go crazy For this I'm with you ready. So it's been my face It's up in the stuck. I'm sending you to the gulags well title via disqualification Previously christian had lost the title match to orton despite the fact captain charisma's foot was under the rope during the deciding cover This led to christian turning heel and constantly demanding one more And money in the bank christian riled up randy so much to the point where orton hit a low blow which caused the dq The fact that being spat on was the final straw for orton was fitting Given the countless legends orton had to spit in the face off as the legend killer the feud with christian played on orton's past struggles Christian spitting in the viper's face was enough to send orton over the edge as he absolutely destroyed christian following the conclusion to their match at money in the bank In the following weeks christian continued to try and make the viper lose his call It was brilliant to see orton unleash this side of his character It's something the company can always go back to and have since done following this We all know the viper can strike at any moment, but it's rare to see the more sinister side of orton The violent sadistic menace with anger management issues that we get to see only when the story calls for it It's starting to make me angry In 2011 we saw the best version of orton as a baby face He was forced to channel the voices in his head in order to end nexus once and for all Then during his fantastic feud with christian who would again see just what happens when you send the viper over the edge As regardless if he's face or heel when orton is made to go to that place No one can stop him and there is no telling the amount of damage you can do It was evident in 2011 not to mention 2009 and 2020 but more on those years later Number seven the authority 2013 to 2015 after a forgettable 2012 and first part of 2013 Things picked up for randy when he was the money in the bank had a match orton successfully cashed in his money in the bank contract 2013 following daniel bryan's victory against john tina Triple H returned meal by pedigreing bryan allowing orton to pick up the scraps to become the new wwe champion The next night on raw the authority would officially be born with orton and triple h cementing their heel turns This began daniel bryan's memorable chase for the wwe title with orton and the authority Being the biggest obstacles in bryan's way as they constantly held him down Orton in many ways took a back seat here despite being champion as every raw would begin with a triple h and stephanie Yeah, it really if you really want to be honest It wasn't even about triple h. I mean about randy orton even though he had the title It was more so about Triple h and stephanie and I think a lot of people had criticism that every fucking raw started with them but At the same time you knew People was there to see them get their their comeuppance people were there to see daniel bryan overcome them and honestly it to me It it it definitely was a rendition of stone cold and vince mcman It's just in a different wrapped up in a different package daniel bryan versus the authority versus triple h and stephanie It worked it worked and it's one of the greatest storylines. Wwe is done Um quite some time their recent one obviously with the bloodline. That's probably been the best thing since as well So man promo orton was positioned as the face of wwe while bryan was considered a b plus player You are a b Plus the two headline numerous paper views although both the dusty finish at night of champions And then the non finish at battleground left fans demanding refunds Big show's insertion in the feud didn't help matters Especially given the fact that show even challenged orton for the wwe title at survivor series While bryan was positioned in a feud against the wyatt's Orton was able to defeat the big show bringing back the punk gig for one night only The problem was that the punt was nowhere near as powerful this time around given big show was able to wrestle the next night without Issue yeah, orton's character during this period wasn't as much of a savage like he was previously and would be again in the future This meant the punt didn't have as much impact since it didn't fit orton's persona As the corporate champion He didn't need to go back to that sick place during this period as the authority could give him anything He wanted ensuring he stayed on top as a member of the authority orton was a sell-out Linking back up with his former fierce rival triple h in order to get back to the top and stay there Hunter and stephanie did the brunt of the talking while randy represented their vision of what a top star should be The fact that daniel bryan was the complete opposite of this helped make the story That's what made it work Anyone else but bryan as the wwe champion But it would take some more time before the company eventually changed direction before that could happen orton met his old rival John senor defeating john in a unification match for both the world heavyweight and wwe titles at tlc 2013 In the build-up to the match senor called out orton for being handed everything yet still making mistakes and being lazy You've had behavior problems in the ring. You've had behavior problems outside the ring Their rematch of the royal rumble was panned by the live crowd due to the fans being tired of both characters While the audience's demand to see daniel bryan in the title picture was intensifying more and more The fans would finally get their wish at wrestlemania 30, but daniel bryan featured in a triple threat match against champion water And royal rumble winner batista. I still We should have had that feeling for wrestlemania this year man It should have been that that euphoric crowd eruption Feeling we didn't get that But once again, this is still one of my favorite wrestlemanians one of my favorite wrestlemanian main events Take me back, bro. Take me back.  I would have went insane I went insane watching this main event so fun, bro bryan had to defeat triple h first in order to secure his place in the main event Which he subsequently won to become the new wwe world heavyweight champion following wrestlemania fans were treated to the return of evolution As the fact you went to war with this was good too plastic matches Oh my god, this was good Rollins and Reigns in a huge way and orton would continue to elevate the younger wrestlers during his singles feud with Reigns and Rollins This is so good, bro The latter of which led to orton leaving the authority and becoming a babyface again That's the most famous moment of this face run. Yeah A strong start to life as a face was followed up with a bland feud with Seamus Orton later suffered a shoulder injury in the fall of 2015 that would keep him out of action for nine months number six rk bro 2021 to 2022 following wrestlemania 37 Orton was paired together with matt riddle in what started out as an odd couple tag team But as the weeks and months got over they began to develop amazing chemistry together as a team The two created some very entertaining television with the viper warming up to riddle more and more the longer they were a team I don't know what planet you're from i'm from earth shut up riddle was finally given some decent material to work with What we got to see a different side of orton You could just tell how much fun they were having on screen together Orton even credits his partnership with riddle as having revitalized his career To the point where orton was having some of the most fun. He's ever had working with riddle And I have never had this much fun as i'm having right now in this ring with my partner at the end of 2021 Rk ro will arguably the highlight of rule. No, they were the hottest thing and we knew at some point Randy was gonna be randy and we were waiting for it I I was waiting for when randy turned because I think that could have really elevated mad riddle even more To have him have faced this real big adversity someone that actually he got real close with the fans love their Their their chemistry only for randy to turn on because it's randy. It only makes sense We were waiting on it. I just didn't know when and then he got injured man Well, you had to you know, well, you had to take some time off to you know Give surgery and stuff like that. So every week they featured in numerous hilarious segments Some of which featured inside references relating to both men's use of marijuana Orton and riddle won the tag team titles twice resting numerous fantastic matches against the likes of the street profits and the alpha academy Rk bros tremendous run sadly came to an end when orton was forced to take a step away from the ring due to a serious back injury Orton and riddle had a very memorable run together what began as a thrown together tag team Soon blossomed into a versatile duo that complimented each other so well Orton was the perfect straight man to riddles laid back stoner character the fact that orton also loves to secretly get stoned made this even better I Their segments were beloved by fans because of just how funny rk bros act was then once the bell rang Orton and riddle put in a hell of a shit consistent high quality matches week in week out number five the age of orton 2007 to 2008 In 2007 orton began to show a more dark side to his character a key element of this darker turn was randy's use of the punt kick Yeah suggested by arne anderson who believed a straight boot to the skull was simple yet devastating Oh my god It went beyond being just a resting move It was sold and put over so well the punt felt like a downright criminal assault anyone That's why it worked. It was so simple because if you really think about it if you really think about it just from a A street fight setting in a real-world setting if you run at full speed and someone is Doesn't realize they're about to get kicked and you kick somebody in their skull at full speed There's a good chance. They will be concussed. There's a good chance. You could damn near Seriously hurt that person to the point where they could die From a traumatic head injury like that That's why it looked so good in in the sense of the wrestlers were selling you wouldn't see them for weeks And it made sense. You got putted in the head at full speed. You should not be on the show next week Hit with it was taken off tv afterward as the punt kick quickly became orton's most brutal weapon It not only helped him win matches, but it gave such a twisted edge to his character Orton was fast becoming a violent here I love this new wrestlers on the shelf using the pun orton was ready to fight for the wwe championship Oh, yeah, he funded against the man who John Cena's dad rival John Cena This was the first pay-per-view match in their legendary feud They were fresh opponents and as the two faces of the ruthless aggression era They were eager to tear the house down Cena evaded the punt to hit the fu and capture the win But this was only the start of a few that was about to become very personal Tonight after Summer Sam Orton performed one of his most heinous acts today Yeah, this was cold, buddy But I think John Cena's father in the head, it was one of the best pun kicks of all time And you could just feel the impact Oh my god Orton added insult to injury by defeating Cena's dad in a match on Raw a few weeks later But Cena's senior got his revenge at Unforgiven by giving Randy a taste of his own medicine I remember when John was kicking, kick the son of a bitch Cena and Orton's feud was put on hold before Orton could get his big win As Cena suffered a pectoral injury in a match with Mr. Kennedy Orton punished Cena afterward in an angle that inadvertently acted as a way of writing Cena off television to heal from his injury Cena then vacated the wwe championship But Orton was able to capture it for himself at no mercy By defeating the recently returning Triple H in a last man's standing match The age of Orton was here and now by unlocking such a devastating side to his character And with the punt kick in his arsenal, Orton would go on to have one of the strongest ever title runs His failed first world title run was a distant memory. This was a different mourn affair He still had elements of the legend killer in him But Randy was able to combine that with a new mean streak that would only get wilder throughout the two years Orton went into WrestleMania 24 as WWE champion and came out of the show with the title still in possession It was one of the few heels to achieve such a feat at the show of shows Orton was now more opportunistic He was slowly transitioning into more of a predator while the voices in his head just couldn't be ignored Number four returned to Smackdown 2005 to 2006 Orton cemented his heel turn in the spring of 2005 By RKO-ing Stacy Kiebler, Randy had set his sights on The Undertaker in a bid to kill another legend And break the Undertaker's WrestleMania undefeating streak Great match I will defeat The Undertaker This began a classic rivalry that spawned four great matches If you'd also saw the return of Randy's father Cowboy Bob Orton Cowboy Bob helped Orton defeat Taker twice He helped add to Orton's presentation and gave The Legend Killer a different dimension As it would have been difficult to buy Orton beating The Undertaker multiple times on his own At this stage of his career The highlight of the Orton-Taker rivalry came inside Hell in a Cell at Orville But Orton took the dead man to the limit But ultimately came up short The phenom may have went over on the night But Orton certainly got over as a result The Fubit Taker did wonders in elevating Orton Who was now rejuvenated following a stuttering first world title reign Randy once again channeled what made him so good as The Legend Killer Turning it up even more He was now more vicious and cunning While his comas were taken up a notch Evolution were in the past And it was clear now more than ever before That Orton could hang with the very best in the business as a main eventer At the start of 2006 Orton set his sights on becoming a world champion for the second time Randy feuded with that year's Royal Rumble winner Ray Mysterio Eventually defeating Ray to earn a place in the world heavyweight title match at WrestleMania 22 That also featured champion Kurt Angle Orton caught some of the most heat of his career during this time By disrespecting the late Eddie Guerrero numerous times Orton came up short at WrestleMania But continued his feud with Kurt Angle Orton battled with a number of disciplinary and personal issues during this era From showing up late to shows due to excessive partying To defecating in wrestlers bags of the joke Things came to a head when Orton was suspended for 60 days for smoking marijuana During this time off, Randy attended anger management classes to tackle his problems By the summer of 2006, Orton was back on the Raw brand Where he set out to kill his mother My man was really hearing voices in his head His name legend to date Orton was brilliant here as he prayed on Hogan's daughter Brooke In order to anger the Hulkster Orton lost to Hogan at Summer Sam In what turned out to be Hogan's final ever WWE match On screen, Orton bounced back tremendously Following the difficult first world title run But outside of the ring, Randy began to lose the running itself It's a credit to Orton's natural ability and God-given talent That he was able to have such a brilliant 2005 and 2006 Despite experiencing such turmoil behind the scenes It's often been said that Orton doesn't truly know how great he is And Randy being so good is why WWE continued his sick within after all the missteps And as we'll soon see, the moment Orton was able to get himself together Would be the moment he would reach the top of the industry As finally, there was nothing holding him back Number 3 Return of the Legend Killer 2018-2021 After a short hiatus in the middle of 2018 Orton returned by attacking Jeff Hardy extreme rules During this feud, we would begin to see the return of a more sadistic bloodthirsty Orton Yeah, I forgot about this And making use of the environment around him He was so brutal From stretching Jeff Hardy's ear for the screwdriver To twisting Tildred Ninja's finger in the turnbuckle To guillotining Rey Mysterio twice with a steel chair Orton even removed Mysterio's mask and carried it around like a trophy The ultimate way of disrespecting a masked luchador This mask doesn't deserve to be respected It deserves to be erased Orton was back to his old messy ways And would be able to entirely reintroduce another old persona But before that could happen Orton's feud with Kofi Kingston from 2009 would be revisited This time with Kofi as the main eventer holding the WWE Championship The feud featured numerous callbacks to their 2009 rivalry With Kofi stating how Orton used his influence to hold Kingston down Orton agreed stating how he believed Kofi wasn't ready to be a main event star Damn right I did It was great to see pots of Orton's past actions behind the scenes Being incorporated in his on-screen character And this only continued as Randy transitioned back into the Legend Killer persona Orton's feud with the returning Edge in 2020 was when Randy really began to tap into To the point where they were at the very top level Orton was doing some of his best work as a character While still being that sadistic cruel viper Add to that the return of Orton as the Legend Killer And you have Randy at his very best Randy is over With 2020 being one of his standout years And this is despite the fact that for the vast majority of the year There were no fans in attendance at shows This made Orton's promos and the segments where he punt-kicked numerous legends So much more even The atmosphere and the tone made his words hit different Fans really had to listen in Really Randy would quietly whisper to the legends as they were down was tremendous That Orton could still elicit such an emotional reaction Despite there being low crowd It was crazy that he really was He was killing legends again Similar to how strong his work was during that period Based on the year he'd been having It was really surprised that Orton captured his first WWE Championship in three years By defeating Drew McIntyre inside Hell in a Cell This feud really helped cement McIntyre as a main event star The two men had some memorable promo exchanges While their matches were top draw With such a strong 2020 nearly under his belt It was a shame that things had to go downhill When Orton went up against the Fiend He was so awful that thinking about it brings back a host of bad memories It's not fair to pin any of the blame on the wrestlers in this case As the material they had to work with was so bad It would be hard for anyone to make it work Props to the WWE for trying something different during the pandemic era But most of it just fell flat Rest assured the feud with the Fiend Was the worst television Orton has ever been involved in It was a sour end to what was otherwise A stellar three-year period for the Legend Killer Number two, evolution and the birth of the Legend Killer 2003 to 2004 Orton returned from injury in 2003 Joining the ranks of evolution as one of the faction's future stars Alongside Batista While Ric Flair was the wise legend and Triple H the current top star Orton quickly found his feet as the Legend Killer Orton had first landed a job in the WWE Because of his legendary father and grandfather The business is in his blood Third generation superstar He was now in a big-time faction alongside a legend in which Flair However, Orton made it his mission to disrespect and destroy those that came before him He did this by attacking and literally spitting in the face of numerous wrestling legends Orton was the cocky, arrogant and up-coming star that was destined for greatness Countless legends fell at the hands of Orton As he continued to work his way up the ladder Elevating the Intercontinental Championship along the way By holding the belt for 210 days This run was special as it felt like a throwback to the days when the IC title Was considered the workhorse belt that less has been holed Before going on to win the WWF Championship Orton consistently put in some strong performances in the ring Resting a very smooth, methodical style with no wasted motion A style in which Orton continued to master the more experienced he became Orton also established the RKO as his finishing move during this period It was already a famous move but Orton would soon take it to even greater heights Orton's first run as the legend killer is perhaps best remembered for his hardcore match Against Cactus Jack in the Intercontinental Championship at Backlash 2004 This was a star but This is bro, Mick Foley did the job for him here He made him, he made him, he made him that guy The type of punishment he was taking Bro, fantastic It's a hardcore match, you know what I'm saying? But it was still fantastic because it showed that Randy can go to the depths To hang with the best Making match if there ever was one As both men pulled out all the socks in a bona fide five star classic Foley made Orton just like he had made Triple H for this fire Orton was still young but the Foley match sternly put him on the map Evolution gave Orton the platform to mix it up with legends of the past and stars of the present Orton shook off the rookie tag and used his third generation lineage to fuel his cocky egotistical character that Randy backed up by becoming the legend killer Orton's sensational calendar year between the summer of 2003 to 2004 convinced the higher ups that Randy was ready to become world champion And although we've since learned that Orton wasn't ready to be the champion in 2004 The fact that the company put the title on him so soon is a testament to how strong his original run as the legend killer was Number one legacy 2008 to 2010 A broken collarbone suffered against Triple H at one night stand in 2008 halted Orton's insane momentum But by the end of the year Orton had formed a new group with other sons of legends Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiossi Things had come full circle for Orton He started out as the third generation young upstart where he was led by stars of the industry Now Orton was the star and the leader of his own group with not one but two young wrestlers born from greatness And it was Randy who would show Rhodes and DiBiossi the way just as Ric Flair and Triple H had done for him with legacy by his side Orton was back and ready to make the biggest impact in his career thus far It all began after a run in his academic band and Vince demanding an apology from Orton who refused Then after he was about to be fired Orton slapped and nearly kicked the chair in his head at his shoulders giving Vince a legit concussion in the process Oh shit Oh great, hold on Orton immediately realized Wait, wait, wait Then after he was about to be fired Orton slapped and nearly kicked the chair in his head off his shoulders giving Vince a legit concussion in the process I may not agree with a lot of Vince McMahon's decisions and the things that he sometimes wants on television but I cannot deny the dude no matter what his age is he well not recently you know as of recent years but he was down to get somebody over in a spot even if that meant for him to get injured I remember he did the job for Kevin Owens with Kevin Owens headbutting him and damn near busted him open legit like that was crazy he legit took that just to get Kevin Owens that much over in a sense in the segment for him to take this legitimately get a concussion that's fucking wild bro Orton immediately realized what had just happened but the damage was done Orton went on to win the 2009 Royal Rumble to book his place in the main event of WrestleMania he now had contractual power over the company he demanded Stephanie fire him stating that he couldn't be responsible for his actions due to having intermittent explosive disorder and therefore could sue the WWE if they terminated him Orton was essentially bulletproof he couldn't be fired and now had a built-in excuse to wreak even more havoc thanks to the disorder Shane McMahon was out to get revenge for what Orton had told to his father but Shane or Mack would also fall to the pub kick then with a hysterical Stephanie McMahon pleading for answers Orton struck her down with an RKO Oh this is so cold Orton had already made it personal with the immediate McMahon family but after RKOing Stephanie Randy now had to deal with Steph's husband tripping Orton and Stephanie hadn't been established as husband and wife on television since 2002 meaning Orton had now made things so personal and storyline there was no ignoring the torment Randy was causing There was no limit to the lengths this version of Orton would go to Oh this was so good he kissed his man's wife after giving her a DDT Oh it was great Oh it was great this is why it's so disappointing that the main event sucked because there shouldn't have been no hold barred anything goes let's go it should have been anything the triple H pulled up to this nigga Crib ready to give him the smoke he pulled up to Randy Orton's crib storyline wise to give him the smoke this shouldn't have been no disqualification anything goes because this was personal oh my god this meant wiping out non wrestlers and now even women Randy would do it Orton even tried to punch kick Stephanie only for Shane to intervene the McMahon family have historically been the evil rulers who made their enemies lives a living hell it speaks to just how sick of a character Orton was that he could actually get the fans to sympathize with a family that had done so he got people to actually care about the McMahon that was in a sympathetic way bro many terrible things triple H sought revenge by making it personal with Orton's family as the game broke into Orton's home in a classic raw segment the build to their match of WrestleMania 25 was so thrilling that the eventual bout itself had a lot to live up to bro the match the build this is like I talked about on my video recently this week the build up was so damn good this build was great this is the match didn't they they should have just let them go all out this doesn't need me personally if I'm going to your crib I'm breaking into your home your RKO and my wife you're trying to punk kick my wife you kissed her on the lips while she was unconscious you knocked out my brother-in-law you knocked out my father-in-law this is no longer just about the championship this is personal so it should be bigger than just the championship storyline wise you it needs to be no holds bar I'm I'm here to end you and if I take the championship with me that's awesome you know what I'm saying so you gotta turn it into next but it didn't help that their clash was completely overshadowed by the sensational undertaker and that too Michael's match that went on to that too yeah it was impossible to follow despite how awesome Orton and Triple H's feud had been in the end their match fell flat but fans will also remember how Orton terrorized the McMahons after WrestleMania Orton regained the WWE championship and he was now ready to resume his feud with John Cena that ended prematurely the year prior this time Orton walked into Summer Sam as the champion as opposed to the challenger where he would finally get his singles win over Cena their feud continued throughout the fall with the two men trading title victories starting with the awesome Ikwit match or breaking point and then a match inside Hell in a Cell the feud culminated in a one-hour Ironman match at Dragon Rites that John Cena won with the stipulation being that Orton couldn't challenge for the WWE championship again until Cena lost it as a result Orton stepped out of the title picture to feud with Kofi Kingston the feud helped elevate Kingston however the WWE failed to follow up on his newfound momentum the moment where Orton yelled out stupid stupid to Kofi in the middle of the ring signal the end of Kingston's push in 2010 cracks began to form in legacy as Orton began to transition into turning babyface the group had shown minor signs of dissension in the past but now there was no doubt that the faction was on the rocks This was clear when Cody Rose cost Orton a chance to regain the WWE title at the Royal Rumble by getting Randy DQ'd after Rose hit Sheamus in view of the referee Rose and DBRC officially turned on Orton at the Elimination Chamber setting up a triple threat match at WrestleMania 26 Orton picked up the win with a punk-killing RKO combo on both men Orton was now a popular babyface for the first time in five years This was interesting given he had just come off the most evil heel run of his career Sure he was the most hated heel in wrestling in 2009 but his work was so amazing that it led to the fans wanting to cheer Orton Throughout Orton's illustrious Hall of Fame career His 2009 run gave us the greatest version of Randy Orton It was the culmination of a spectacular story Oh my god and he was building for some time and will ultimately go down as Orton's very best work Randy Orton was destined to follow in his family's footsteps becoming a third generation genetically gifted wrestling with an inherent ability that was further developed from the point upon allowing Orton to become an era-defining generational talent who is celebrated by fans and greatly respected by his peers Orton quickly rose through the ranks starting out as an upstart rookie before becoming a legend killer then a viper and now a legend in his own right and that brings us to the end of this video As always, if you enjoyed the video be sure to give it a like and subscribe All right, I gotta go ahead and do this live Definitely giving this a like Link to the original video down below This is great This is fantastic, man This was fun to watch Go back down memory lane Ah this is so good This is why it's so Unfortunate to hear that doctors are saying he may have to hang it up for good or he shouldn't come back to wrestling I hope that's not the case because the guy he's truly fantastic, man Brandy Orton is one of the greatest to ever do it and I hope he is able to come back if he possibly can but if he can't he is giving us a legendary career that we can always go back and look at and just be like man I remember when I was there when he did this or said this like ah man So comment down below Let me know what's your favorite version of Randy Orton Let me know down below but I appreciate all of them support you guys and strong on the channel Road to 150k and I'm still here on this video YouTube wrestling champion of the world I appreciate y'all kicking me See y'all next one Peace


Good morning, John. Helium is very weird, and I'm tired of people being wrong about it. So I've made a video here that is everything a normal person needs to know about helium in four minutes. Helium is very special for three different reasons. First, it, along with its noble gas siblings on the periodic table, are extremely unreactive. For physics reasons, they are just extremely stable atoms. They do not chemically react. Second, helium is an element with a very small atom. The only one smaller is hydrogen, so it is both physically small and light. Some might even say lighter than air. And finally, helium doesn't just not react chemically with other stuff. It also just doesn't interact much with anything, including itself. Basically, it is like the least sticky atom. And when it's easier for atoms to stick together, that makes it harder for them to be a gas and easier for them to be a solid. So because helium has so little stickiness, you have to get it very cold for it to become a liquid, and it basically never becomes a solid. Of literally everything in the universe, helium is the hardest thing to freeze. So we got a gas that is very light, very small, never freezes, and is extremely unreactive, and that makes it useful for way more than just party balloons. You can use it in rocket engines to push on cryofuels like liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen without having to worry about it reacting or freezing. If you need to get something very cold, you can surround it with liquid helium, which will not freeze even at absolute zero, making it super useful for superconducting magnets in MRIs and other scientific equipment. You can put it in pipes and equipment in spacesuits to find tiny, tiny leaks because the atoms are so small that they will pass through even the smallest fractures. And you can surround vital manufacturing with it to prevent unwanted reactions with atmosphere at gases like oxygen when making semiconductors or doing high quality welding. No one piece of the helium use pie is the biggest piece. It's used in a lot of things because it's a very useful gas. And you might have been told that we are running out of helium, which is kind of true, but also kind of not. A quarter of the known matter in the universe is helium, but that does not help us because here on Earth, once it's in the atmosphere, it floats to the top of the atmosphere and then gets knocked away by high-energy particles from the Sun, and we can't get it back. The helium that we use is stuff that was trapped underground after radioactive elements decayed into other elements, including helium. Now often, the same formations that trapped the helium also trapped natural gas. So basically all of our helium is a byproduct of pulling natural gas out of the ground to burn it in our stoves and to heat our houses. In fact, the majority of the helium that is pulled out of the ground and natural gas ends up being vented. We don't even capture it because it's very energy-intensive to do that. And this was extra not done for a very weird reason, which is that the U.S. had a gigantic strategic reserve of helium that eventually was like, actually, we don't need this. And so Congress told the helium reserve, you have to sell all of your helium by a certain date. We don't care what price you sell it at, which absolutely tank the price of helium. Thus, natural gas producers had no incentive to invest in the equipment that refines helium from natural gas. But as that supply has been sold off, which I think as of now is done with, and as applications for helium have increased, more of it is being captured. The bad news is the long-term goal is to leave the natural gas in the ground because it and the products of its combustion are making the Earth warmer. And so now, for like the first time ever, we have people specifically drilling for helium, which doesn't necessarily have to come along with natural gas. That has resulted in the discovery of a helium reserve in Tanzania, which is big enough to fill 1.5 million MRI machines. And more helium resources have been found in Canada and Australia. As of now, because of pandemic-induced consumption decreases and new production coming online, the helium shortage appears to be over. And with the discovery of new reserves, and also a lot of the uses of helium, including MRIs and rocket launches and manufacturing, finding ways to capture and reuse the helium, because of course, it doesn't get used up. It's an element that doesn't react with anything. I might have good news. We can all probably be a little less concerned about at least this one thing. John, I'll see you on Tuesday. Hank, why didn't you talk about the awesome socks club at all? Because it's been going very well. And I think that regardless of what I say right now, it's going to sell out in the next two days. We will stop selling Sunday at midnight, but also according to my projections, we're not going to make it that far. So if you want to sign up, there's a link in the description.