breaking news. Coinbase has decided to delist US dollars because it has been deemed a security through false advertising by its founders. Well, that escalated quickly. Over the last few months, we've seen big moves from players who historically have either ignored or actively derided the ideas behind Bitcoin, even as they sometimes embrace the idea of blockchain, not Bitcoin. Starting in September, we saw first micro strategies buying nearly half a billion dollars worth of Bitcoin, replacing dollars as their primary treasury asset. We've seen traditional investment firms worth hundreds of billions of dollars dip their toes into the waters, buying Bitcoin with tens to hundreds of millions of dollars as an inflation hedge. We've seen analysts from big vampire squid banks like JP Morgan publicly put price targets on Bitcoin that far exceed its current all-time high prices and in fact are multiples above where we currently are even today. We saw PayPal go live with a broadly available, but hobbled form of Bitcoin. And a recent survey, albeit with a smaller sample size, suggests that as many as 20% of PayPal's 300 million users have already bought Bitcoin through it. And all of those things happened before a year-end finale in Bitcoin markets, the price is peaking above $34,000 before breaking through $40,000 as we prepared for this discussion earlier today. I'm Adam B. Levine, and this is Speaking of Bitcoin. Today's session I'm joined by the other host of the show, Stephanie Murphy. Hi there. Andreas M. Antonopoulos. Hello. And Jonathan Mohan. So jumping right in, the AOL moment has never been a good thing so much as an inevitable thing. Is this it? Are we there? And if this isn't it, then what do we think it'll look like when it does arrive? Yes, we are definitely there. I think maybe we were even there before this at the last major run-up in what was it, 2017, up to $20,000. We saw a huge unprecedented spike in new user adoption at that point. Awareness of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies spiked as well as a lot of the guidelines. The regulatory space became more fleshed out. And sure, there were still plenty of half-baked projects, some of which turned out to be scams. But I think a lot of people learned about what crypto was the scams included and how to protect themselves from it. And people are still learning about it. So I think we've already sort of reached at least the first milestone AOL moment. But I've been on this journey for a while. And I remember a lot of moments like this that were exciting. I mean, for example, I don't know if anyone remembers this, but remember when Bitcoin got this first article on Slashdot in 2010 or something like that? And I remember hearing about it on a talk radio show back in 2011 or 2012, I think, from Gavin Andriesen going on the show. So, you know, I've seen a lot of exciting moments with Bitcoin, a lot of disappointing moments, too. But this does feel like a special moment that we haven't yet seen so far. And I do think it counts as the AOL moment. Bah, humbug. When did we go from banking the unbanked, and it's all about the other six billion, to simping for investment banking billionaires?  I think that happened the same time Blockstream integrated Tether. Yeah, probably. I know, I know. Listen, I'm really happy that Bitcoin is getting the attention it's getting positive and negative. And I'm really happy for a lot of people who waited very patiently and are seeing a great return on investment. But at the same time, like applauding JP Morgan for finally finding in the pits of the dark soul the opportunity to praise and acknowledge Bitcoin, because it might make the money really, that's what we're doing. A year ago, or a little bit more than that, the CEO there was saying something really negative about Bitcoin. Don't buy Bitcoin. Do you guys remember that? Yeah. Bitcoin is dead, says JP Morgan, before saying it reaches 130,000 sometime in the near future. Yeah. Here's the thing. As much as I'm excited about the excitement that everybody's excited about, this is really the kind of fickle attention that is going to go away as fast as it came. Because don't think that these types of endorsements don't come with strings attached or expectations of where we go next. We're pioneering a revolutionary technology that, unfortunately for them, breaks the mold and disrupts the status quo. And this is the status quo kind of trying to embrace and extend. Which is, if you remember the Internet days, there was a moment, and this was the AOL moment, but also the Microsoft moment, when the companies that were ridiculing the Internet finally decided to jump on board. And their initial instinct was not to jump on board because they actually understood and wanted to go with the principles of openness and peer-to-peer operation and decentralized communications and a new open communication medium for the world. No. Their plan was, that's great. Now we want to control it. So they got on board with the explicit intention of controlling the standards, steering the standards committees in their direction, locking down the browsers, creating new monopolies, staking out new territory on this new frontier, putting up fences as soon as they stake out the territory in order to control. So this is what Microsoft strategy was called, Embrace and Extend. And they did this with every standard starting with the web. Fortunately, they failed to take their incumbents monopoly and extend it into this new domain and establish new monopolies. But they did enormous damage even in their attempts to control this new space. And this is exactly what's going to happen next. These new companies that are finally endorsing Bitcoin have no intention to honor its decentralization roots, to honor the neutrality and borderless operation and censorship resistant. The moment a regulator says, well, you can either do business the way we like it or you can't at all, they will demand changes. And because they can't affect the protocol, they'll demand changes at the edges, at the exchanges, they'll clap and applaud and endorse all regulatory normalization that must happen in order for us to achieve mainstream adoption. Very serious people will now tell us what Bitcoin needs to do to be adopted by the mainstream investors. So don't be lulled into a sense of success. This is just the beginning of a very, very long struggle. On the bright side, though, haven't they been doing that all along, Andreas? It's been since the beginning that I remember lots of calls for, oh, if we could just tweak this to comply more with the regulations and if we could just get guidance and stuff like that. And they haven't succeeded. The fundamentals of the protocol are still intact. It is still possible to capture that vision that I think all of us had when we got into this cryptocurrency world at the beginning. And it is still possible to maintain a focus on the other six billion and banking the unbanked. You're doing it kind of next to these giant behemoths that are using it for their own purposes and just seeing it as an investment. But it's so much more than that. And the fundamentals have not been eroded to the point where it's fundamentally different or useless now. Not at all. We have every opportunity to preserve the principles. We just have to keep our on the ball. We have to keep remembering why we're doing this. We're not doing this to get the approval of Jamie Dimon. We're not doing this to get the approval of the investment class. At least I'm not. And the price appreciation is great. And not because it brings with it the approval of Jamie Dimon, but because it funds and extends the runway of 10,000 startups that are funding developers to actually build. So that makes me very happy. It means that a lot of the startups and small businesses in this space actually have an opportunity to continue to build innovation and do great things. But I do worry a bit that with every round of adoption, the principles get a tiny bit diluted. We need to keep working harder to remind people. And when these behemoths, as you put it, Stephanie, have billions and billions of skin in the game, they're going to increase the degree of propaganda and lobbying and marketing to shift the principles in their favor to basically turn Bitcoin into simply a bigger version of PayPal. Are they really going to try to make fundamental modifications to Bitcoin, the protocol? Well, they'll try. Yeah, I know they can try, but isn't it simpler just to use technologies like Ripple to create their own little blockchains that are not really a blockchain because it doesn't have the fundamental immutability and the RIPcord principles? I think it's a lot easier to keep what is and then just malign it and make it harder to use. So if you look at the attack on self-custody that's occurring, in my head, the Undertale boss music is playing right now when it comes to Bitcoin adversaries. I think we've kind of hit the final boss. We may have a secret boss or one or two left. If you really want to grind out the game and you get to the secret ultra boss, but in terms of the boss that you beat the game with, I feel like we're finally there as a community and as an industry. And right now, if Bitcoin can survive this last attempt of both being co-opted by the banks and still maintaining self-custody and unsensibility and immutable transactions, it's one. And that's not to say that it's going to win because I do think that this is the hardest adversary we've ever had. And it's also, I think, the final adversary, which is the banks themselves. It's not the banks. It's the central banks. And this has always been the big adversary. And so it's not the JPMorgan's that are going to want to endorse the regulation of self-custody and reject the privacy improvements of tap roots so as not to dilute their position in the market. No. What's going to happen, I think, is we're going to see much more strong demands coming from government. And that's going to be driven by competition from central banks. Central banks are beginning to be threatened by this. And so governments are going to try to hobble all of the decentralization principles, starting with self-custody and privacy. And so when they do that, when they impose these draconian demands, the banks are simply going to be useful allies. They're going to be placed in this impossible position, protect their billions and billions and billions in investment and potential upside that they now have skin in the game on the one side and placate the regulators on the other because the regulators have them by the shortened curlies. So this is the impossible situation that they're in. And in the past, when put under this pressure, they have always taken the devil's deal. They have always taken the deal that says protect us from competition, help us entrench our monopoly, and we'll give you surveillance data on everybody on this planet. And that's the same deal they're going to try to strike with Bitcoin. It's not because the banks don't want financial privacy, it's because they want billions of dollars more than they want financial privacy and the government will give them that as a binary choice. Well, it's the character of the stick, right? I mean, like that's really what we're talking about. And it's something, you know, as we've kind of been going down this path with cryptocurrency and as we've had kind of the example of the lockdowns that have been happening, I'm in a state that has not had a big outbreak and yet has one of the strictest lockdowns out of anywhere. And the way that it's actually been imposed makes it really, really hard to try and object to it because they impose it through the business licensing layer of the state government. The businesses licenses are threatened. Now that's a little bit different with the banks. I don't think that many people like the banks, but at the same time, the choice is the same, the approach is the same. They can't control this by putting the restrictions on us as individuals, but they can very much do so through the licensing and through the way that these companies are regulated. And that's how they wind up applying these things. And it's also worth noting that, you know, reality doesn't apply in the mind of a judge. What a judge says is legal reality. And so just as in the Ross Albrecht case, when they arrested him, and before they even had access to the keys, the judge seized the assets of the Silk Road. And the way that the judge did that was by decreeing judicially, the government has seized these assets corresponding to this public key, irrespective of any custody to any signatory keys to get the funds out of that address. They just said legally, this is now the property of the United States government, irrespective of reality. It is legally ours. And it just so happened that Ross chose to then not steal from the government when he turned over the keys to the money the government legally owned. You know, we may come to a day not too far away where technical realities are interpreted through legal realities, and the legal realities don't care at all about reality. What finance showed us one thing, it's that even if something's a mathematical certainty, the law and government writ large, really doesn't care much about reality, and they can sort of keep fictions going as long as they want. So I want to take us back just a little bit to the start of this conversation. The little summary I gave kind of leading us into this talked about the different banks and the investment firms and stuff like that. And the reason why I think that that's a relevant way to introduce this segment is because when we're talking about cryptocurrency, when we're talking about the journey that Bitcoin has been on, since the very beginning, it's not really been about Bitcoin. Bitcoin is kind of this static thing. It has its own technical progression and it's being improved and stuff like that. The thing that drives the story of Bitcoin is not Bitcoin. It's everything that happens around Bitcoin and it's the environment in which Bitcoin is existing. Now, the flip side of that is that Bitcoin at the start was weird, was unusual, was unexpected, and people who didn't have sort of the ideological rationale already cemented in their head for why a thing that looks like Bitcoin is really actually useful to the world were like, well, why the hell would I want something like that? And I think that that's really the journey that we've been on over the last 10 years is moving from this really, really fringe thing that very few people understand or appreciate the context of why it's important to now something where that's not the situation we're in. The situation we're in now is broadly people understand that there is importance to it. They may understand it for the wrong reasons. Since the beginning, again, I think this is the fourth big bubble we've been through since we started the show. And again, every time this happens, you have the price go up and people like us say the price doesn't really matter because it's about the technology and the revolutionary potential. But for the people who are not yet on that path, it does matter like a lot. And just last time, it was all about this kind of retail like stock market, ICO frenzy. Well, this time, it's kind of the institutional side. My personal feeling is that the next time we go through this cycle, it will be about central banks, actually, not every central bank, but smaller central banks that don't want to compete in the central bank digital currency world, starting to use Bitcoin as a reserve asset. And again, I think we'll see a ramp just as similar as we did with the micro strategies thing. The hardest sale to make is that first sale. And then once you have one of those people on board, then it's much less risky for the next person to come in. And I think that that is over the last six months, what we have largely seen on the corporate and institutional side. And I think that again, once we get to that spot with central banks, well, there's no further level to go up. Well, it's not just central banks. It's central banks and sovereign funds. It's countries, currency reserves, it's sovereign investment funds. A lot of people don't realize that some of the biggest funds in the world are so-called sovereign funds, which are basically funds held. They're almost like hedge funds or investment funds that are run by a government. They're not the central bank per se. You see this in places like Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, but even also Norway. The most material difference is that the central bank is there to mismanage your retirement fund, whereas the sovereign wealth fund is the house's money and the house doesn't lose money. Yeah, exactly. But to add to Adam's point, yes, I think the next big boss is sovereign funds and central bank reserves. That is a possibility. I don't know if it's a very big possibility, but it is a possibility. So okay, the newbies came for the price. How do we keep them? So everyone always says that the problem with Bitcoin is there's not enough educational material or that the education isn't good enough to be accessible or whatever. And I've, for the first two years of doing this, I really came to realize that it's a lot less about the materials and it's a lot more about the context of the minds that people go into with. So this last year has been the definition of disruption across many, many, many categories, which always pushes people towards these types of goals and towards the kind of alternative thinking because they have been disrupted, they have to find something else. Now, whether they come in for the ideology or not, the fact of the matter is that they're here. And again, so long as the narrative that's being pulled by Bitcoin, which is basically that inflation or deflation or any of the other kind of hyders that are out there that may potentially cause problems for the world, are not really problems in Bitcoin. And so I think the biggest challenge that we have is to emphasize the differences between something like Bitcoin versus the myriad, you know, thousands of other projects that are out there to look like Bitcoin, but which have such fundamentally different origin stories or fundamentals about kind of how they work or what the point is, that it's very easy to get kind of confused and to think that, oh, these things are the same thing, when in fact they're completely different. And the story that Bitcoin's telling is the story of disruption around the world and what happens after it's done. I actually think to that topic that what we're not seeing is an AOL moment. I think what we're seeing is something way more profound, which is Bitcoin is finally having its second Cyprus moment, only this time it's finally mature enough with the infrastructure and the groundwork to actually be there when it happens. So give us some context on that, Jonathan. Take us back for the audience that hasn't listened to that episode from six years ago. Right. Well, I mean, how about we let the Greeks speak about it? Well, I mean, asking the Greek to speak about Cyprus has started several wars in Cyprus. So yeah, jokes aside, in 2013, one of the things that brought a lot of attention to the Bitcoin experiment was the fact that in Cyprus, there was a so-called bail-in, which was due to a bank crisis that was happening as an aftermath of the 2008 Great Global Depression, the banking system in Cyprus became effectively insolvent. And instead of getting a bail out from the government, they permitted the banking system to take a percentage of depositors' money and use it to recapitalize the banks for those depositors who had above a certain amount. So for example, people who had their retirement funds in the bank, I think it was about 100,000 euros or something like that. And over that amount, they would take a 20% cut out of depositor money. So that's called a bail-in. But it's basically depositor confiscation to recapitalize the banks. Now, the unique circumstances here, I think one of the things that really shocked the world there was Cyprus is in the European Union and is a fairly advanced economy, a powerhouse of banking. And so the idea that it could happen there got a lot of people thinking, this isn't Zimbabwe, right? It was even scarier than that, too, because it wasn't just, hey, we're literally going to decimate your life savings. It was, and it's illegal for you to have access to your money. And it's illegal for you to withdraw from a bank account. We're going to let you go to the bank and take $200 out for the next three days. And so you had lines, not bread lines. The please master, let me have my own money lines. Yeah, so there were depositor withdrawal limits, which they also applied in Greece. And I believe they also applied them in another two states in the European Union, I think also in Spain and Portugal, very, very briefly. In Greece, it was a couple of years of depositor restrictions. And Cyprus, it was withdrawal restrictions plus the bail in the haircut. If that was a moment when people started seeing why self-custody and control over your own finances is a good idea. A lot of the people who are first introduced to Bitcoin say, but why would I care? I have FDIC, an FDIC, a federal depositor insurance corporation, which is something that was instituted after the Great Depression in order to calm depositors. Really, most people don't understand how it works, but it is a very, very flimsy and thin protection for the occasional bank going under so that it doesn't become a systemic problem. It is absolutely not a defense against systemic problems. Oh, actually, I disagree. What FDIC did was basically like California when they made brush fires illegal. So every brush fire grew and grew. So we have 30 years of these mega fires. What FDIC did was made it illegal for retail banks to collapse, so it's systematized the risk to the point where now entire economies collapse instead. Yep. Well, the point was that people who are first coming into Bitcoin don't understand why you would need that, because I'm like, well, I have my money in the bank, but it's okay because FDIC protects it. They're shocked to learn that, of course, Cyprus also had FDIC. And the bail-in was taken from money that was supposedly protected by depositor insurance. So these protections matter if your local credit union has liquidity events. They do not matter if every bank has liquidity events, because no system can actually protect against that. So the idea of self-custody suddenly made sense. In 2013, Cyprus became a rallying crime for people who are interested in Bitcoin. This was the second big rallying cry. The previous one was the bank blockade and embargo of WikiLeaks. But together, these two events catalyzed the message of Bitcoin. On the one hand, financial censorship. On the other hand, confiscation and seizure of assets that you do not have custody of.  So to talk about how immature of a product it was, Bitcoin as a solution to Cyprus was only there as a conceptual idea. Whereas now it is a fully manifested reality. I wouldn't say it's fully manifested reality. Honestly, I think the system is still quite immature and still plagued by capacity shocks for sure, scalability issues. I would say that Bitcoin is that really, really, really smart woman who perpetually has imposter syndrome and never feels like she can get the job.  No, darling, you're there. You're amazing. You got this. I really think Bitcoin's got it. It may not have lightning, but it certainly has the let's save your life from getting Cyprused. Because if you look at Bitcoin, it may not be a currency system, but it beats the hell out of ACH when you look at it on a cost-by-cost basis. Yeah, exactly. And also, remember how people were worried about cat videos breaking the Internet in the early days of streaming video. And all it did was test the system and make it stronger and more robust. And maybe this is another opportunity for Bitcoin infrastructure to grow in response to what's going on now. And I think you guys are right to compare what happened with Cyprus, at least a little bit to what's going on now, where everything in our lives has been disrupted over the past year because of COVID. There's a lot of quantitative easing coming down the pipe and going on right now. There's a lot of money printing going on by governments to stimulate the economies or to try to. And it's looking pretty dire. And I think that at least I'm starting to see people connect those two things, the price of Bitcoin or the value proposition that Bitcoin offers to inflation in the economy. And at least in America, that's what I'm seeing. I think also that globally, at least in the first world, the concept of your economic rights radically shifting and eroding is finally real in a way that no syllogistical argument about proper natural rights would have done three years ago or two years ago. I think everyone feels it and they see it. And now, there are only really two conversations I have when I talk to a normal person about Bitcoin. The first one is you just show them the M1 chart, which is the smallest understanding of what constitutes the amount of money in circulation. And you show them how it went up 20% this year. It's probably going to go up another 20% next year. 20% of every dollar that's ever existed was made in the past 12 months. And here's another shocking statistic. 75% of every dollar ever made by America was made after Bitcoin's Genesis Block. Wow. Oof. Yeah. And for the average person, none of this is yet meaningful. I think it's important to realize that out there in the world, the vast majority of people do not understand money, do not understand inflation, do not understand M1 or any of these topics. However, the financial impact of the pandemic and the financial management of the pandemic as a secondary effect hasn't yet hit. It's hit the middle class and the working class really, really hard, but it hasn't hit the asset bubbles. It hasn't hit the stock market. It hasn't hit and transferred through to inflation outside of asset inflation. And I think it's coming. I think there is a tsunami wave of economic crisis coming. And I think at that point, this whole conversation becomes a very different conversation. I'm hoping that we can avoid that. But it seems unlikely. No, yeah. I think it's coming. These are all the reasons why, again, people like us have been looking at this technology, have been interested in this technology. It's not the exclusive reason. But at least for me, it's been a big underlying reason, is our system has been unsustainable for a very long time in terms of how our money is managed. In the US specifically is what I'm talking about, but it's not a US problem. It's just kind of most acute here sometimes. Really, again, we are in this transition period. And the question has always been, how long will it last and what will happen at the end and what will the system look like that emerges? And so it's not necessarily going to be Bitcoin, but Bitcoin doing what it's doing right now, not just in terms of price, but again, in terms of mind share, in terms of how people are going to be Bitcoin, but outside of our interest in the technology, a little share of the Venn diagram, that's significant. And I think that it's going to change things. I think there's something to be said for the fact that every other system of money out there is following the same recipe. And what's unique about Bitcoin in this moment is that it is the only system that is truly following a different recipe, a radically different recipe. And you can say that's the right recipe or the wrong recipe and some very interesting academic discussions and economists will debate this forever. But if you want to place bets on the other recipe, if you want to or if you want to hedge against the fact that every other monetary system is following the same recipe, there is really only one option. That's basically what these corporate treasuries are doing. That's basically what these investors are waking up to. They said for years, this is going to go away. This is going to collapse. This is going to get shut down by the government. And as it doesn't gradually simply by surviving, it becomes the only game in town that actually has an alternative option. So as we wrap up this new shorter format episode that we're working on with the idea of doing more of them more often, I want to direct you all to a site that I discovered just yesterday. And I'm sure some of our listeners know about it, but I'm also sure some of them don't. It's called fiatmarketcap.com. It's like coinmarketcap.com, except it compares national currencies against Bitcoin and I guess other cryptocurrencies, but I only see Bitcoin on there. And currently, if you were to consider Bitcoin a currency with the amount of Bitcoin currently issued, which is about 18.5 million Bitcoin, it sits right above the Mexican peso and right below the Russian ruble. And it's currently placed number 16 of all of the currencies around the world. So this is a very interesting way to measure these things, but also, again, as an indication of just how crazily far this project has come, at least as the world is valuing it relative to everything else. I love that last column on the website, MaxSupply, unlimited, unlimited, unlimited. Only Bitcoin says 21 million. Yeah. You know, something I would enjoy and I doubt they ever would. But if Kraken or Binance or Coinbase for April 1st could do their ICO coin analysis of sovereign currencies to see which ones they wouldn't list on their website for not meeting the qualifiers for what constitutes a scam when they decide what they list on their own exchanges, I think people would be surprised major national currencies don't make the list or not surprised at all. Oh, breaking news. Coinbase has decided to delist US dollars because it has deemed a security through false advertising by its founders. One other note, if you were not around for the very early days of the show and you'd like more information about what happened in Cyprus and all of the stuff that we were talking about a little bit earlier with regards to the FDIC, I actually wrote an article about exactly this way back in 2013. And I'm going to repost it with this episode. So that'll be available there. And the stat that I think is worth mentioning is that the FDIC deposit insurance fund at the time in 2013 was $25 billion. The deposits at US banks was $9.2 trillion. And again, keep in mind that so much money has been printed, there's been so much expansion. And the total US financial derivative exposure at the time was almost $300 trillion. So you're talking about $25 billion trying to protect against all of that, as has been said before, really, like it can handle small drops in the bucket, very small singular failures, but anything on a systemic level, and this is not a solution to the problem. The other thing worth noting about Cyprus was that because they didn't have control over their own currency, they couldn't inflate out of it. So it was the one time we actually saw Demirage rather than inflation. The thing about the US dollar is we just had a Cyprus moment. 20% of every retail bank account had their money taken from them. M1 went up by 20%. It's just a question of how much time do you have before that hits the market? And you actually feel that in purchasing parity. All right, folks, that's it for this episode of Speaking of Bitcoin. Stay tuned for our next episode where we'll be talking about TAPRUDE, one of the very interesting privacy and scalability improvements that's been long in the works and which looks like it's pretty quickly coming to the blockchain near you.


Ladies and gentlemen, we have finally made it welcome back to our one-piece watch through episodes 194 and 195 the end of skypea I have thoroughly enjoyed this arc much more than expected to a lot of people said they were questionable about it Others like rank it kind of low in comparison to the other arcs But I can say without a shadow without I I overall did like this arc despite However, it caps off with these last two and despite the flaws I think it could have had I think overall a lot of the storytelling was just done very well and Enniru Is just a good villain. He's he's just good. He's entertaining especially But now we have a lot of loose ends to tie up here because now we got to get our crew back to the blue sea The time here is done, but also like the shandians and the angels have to decide what they're doing Maybe some will go down to the blue sea since Angel Island is completely gone They've decided what they're doing with the land. Maybe they can co-exist and live together finally There's only one way to find out if you do the channel be sure to drop us up and hit that big boy bell What's happened to the episodes Day after day they party just for days on end. I love that for them the giant jacks destroyed Dang dude, everybody just passed out. The wolves are there man And they said hey party. I'm in What is this crackhead Luffy doing even though what the snake is passed out? What is he looking for more meats or his crew or his crew to eat? Nameless They are pirates after all we're gonna steal the golden run. Yeah, wait, where's the gold who's all on the ship and then the bell Okay, they're gonna wake everybody up at this rate. Oh No, who stops beauty sleep? Not everybody's awake. Oh, I hung over too. They're all giggling at them They're ready, they're going already next party on tap. So what what gold are we talking about here chopper space? He's so excited. It's someone who looks at you like chopper looks at Usam.  It's convenient. Oh, it's very convenient Can we please clear up one loose end that is still driving me absolutely bonkers And that's whoever this ghost was that repaired going Mary like 30 episodes ago It is driving me mad. It literally had no impact on anything else besides them getting their ship back So why has that not been like is that even important still am I just losing my mind over nothing?  I don't give your hands hurt. This guy named golden bell Whoa Meanwhile Luffy and all them what were they just heisting whatever's left I don't know what gold they found but I think there was any other like left Oh, the angels are coming to help. That's so sweet, man Bro comic Eury already repaired his pink glasses. Was that priority number one? They don't have that up here Whoa, this goddamn smile, man. I'm a smug smile They're gonna hurt themselves with it, man Wait, is this Usopp's job like he's supposed to be distracting everybody?   He can make so many things with those Dude That opens up a lot of possibilities Yeah, I don't know what we stopped running full steam He's so excited flavor source He doesn't need anything like that Dude, let's go power up us for everybody. He's so giddy about it, dude The snake kept dancing. Uh, you wouldn't know all the back the back story Nora, Nola, Nola, I think He's got a recording one He's gonna be so just annoying with those Wait, is the gold in the snake? Oh, that's what he was talking about. I see Hell, yeah, they get some treasures from this I make the snake feel better. Honestly taking taking this random stuff out too chief What's he thinking about? Oh, they pulled the bell up It's beautiful. Good teamwork everybody. I know that bad boy was stupidly heavy Wait the pona glyph is on that wait get Robin here Oh Yeah Dude, what does it say? Oh my gosh. Good Robin over there. Stay sap. No rocky You can't translate, can he? Can he? What? Oh, there she is I think so I'm thinking like the the Trident that in a reuse Oh Shoot, yeah, I forgot Pluton was kind of a loose end too one that may or may not exist a weapon that may or may not exist Poseidon is still not I'm guessing it's not just the Trident if it was written about on the main Yeah, but it has a common it's still very important If I did similar to the one in alabasta Wait, what wait, why does it say Roger's name? Did he write that? He was here Damn, dude. Oh my gosh He met him But damn, he reached it. That's how powerful was Goldie Roger. God damn legend Is this a leading or a sign that leads somewhere else I will guide this text to the end of the earth. What does that mean? But still speaks of an ancient weapon When put together become one text Pulls a blank history for the first time He's the history It the real poem of isn't one. It's all of them together Oh my gosh, dude, how many are there though if they're so rare to find it's gonna be impossible Our duty like protecting They fought until it could finally be like the the message could finally be relayed so someone could come along Raftel Raftel is the name of the the island of the end of Grand Line, right? We're medicinal Roger. Well, that's good. That's great because he's trying to be king of the pirates I interested him never fades. Oh Oh Yeah, the will of D The blank period of history is so intriguing to me. Oh, yeah, we were stealing it anyways. Oh, it's very valuable Oh, shoot That's so nice of them They will be very happy to hear that especially because they are trying to heist right now Can't take morons, bro There's more people they're like, oh, let's give them this giant thing of gold We're saving our land and all those rats are inside the snake taking whatever they whatever scraps they can find It's disgusting associating with them She's late to the meetup spot. We leave we ditch her Everybody's at the bell bro learning about the lore you guys are missing it Dude, I I've enjoyed the time of here so much, but I am so hyped to get back to like the blue sea I do miss it quite a bit Or just gonna leave Choppers dead Look here they come They're bringing it Dude, how are they supposed to transport that on going merry especially getting all the way back down to the blue sea Oh my god, loopy. Where's nami? We're gone. It's over the heist such dumbasses, man I can't They are pirates They're pointing on it. They're so lost man. Oh She's gonna be like no, just leave it Yeah, I don't think logistically it would work anyways I love how she just laughed. She's like, that's them They're under this impression that they're pulled out. They're pulling off this insane heist. It's so funny That's very cool. Stop. You got them. You showed them Again, where the hell is nami? Bye guys They're all bandaged up too. All right. I I've loved our time here. I miss the sea so much They really teased us really hard like right at the beginning of of skypia How they dropped all that lore of the world and they were like, all right Well, we'll be in the sky for 40 50 episodes. But here we go. Let's close it out, baby Get a little inch worm. I think it's a caterpillar Robin don't even explain it to them. Just don't yeah Their perception was that she was just following them with this giant cannon. Oh nami and conus have the boat I'm surprised that nami didn't want to be a part of the heist I can really I guess she's kind of like the giveaway the getaway driver in this case That was a really long gap of her just like like looking back running. She's like, oh, maybe he's not okay Okay, skypia you have one episode to explain to me who the hell fixed the ship 30 episodes ago You have one episode Yeah, they probably do Hey isa was one of the bravest she was with them to the very end Oh I saw the surprise mvp. Did you know it's almost like he's like making a name for himself too It's like the kids talk about him like deal. Have you met the rubber man? So you should look cute Yeah, they're free. There's no conflict. They don't have to be scared of this almighty being ruling over them It's like a breath of fresh air for everybody. I like how there's they're just in old chandora just casually. It is nice Ah calgura He'd be so proud Yeah, it was delivered to the descendants so it basically was I can't believe in our just flew to the moon man I Man Yeah, those that remain. Wait, so what did they say they were doing with the priests? They were like tossing them into the clouds and just leaving them. So are they dead? You can retire retire Ah political figure Panda I saw it. I saw it. He's suggesting gone fall That's a lot for the chief to give his word for gone fall though. Yeah, the end of things.  He was actually looking forward to being retired. Let's go Now gone fall the dictator can rule with an iron fist. He'll be great. He'll do a great job I cannot believe conus's dad lived still that is still absurd Who thinks they're going marry who fixed it show you can't keep 12 minutes or so Oh, so this is the entrance that most people use that's much easier to get up. He doesn't want to go back down You don't miss the sea love it It is a very beautiful pure white sea though.  Yeah, I was about to say they're probably saying that to him.  Yeah, you can come back down to earth. It's okay right down to the sea. Did it want a job or something? Oh already well, can we know what the the next island is?  Never mind. It's not as deep as I thought it is like a roller coaster though Why won't they just perish?  Is it to like soften the blow?  Oh my gosh, I think it is to soften the blow up back through eyeballs go Oh, all right guys, you're in safe tentacles. I would assume. Oh, yeah, now. They're just slowly falling. Thanks, mr.  It's like they're in like a blimp like a hot air balloon The bell rings they're gonna just be ringing that for funsies It's kind of like a goodbye to them and then they always have a home there It feels like alabaster now too. Like they always have a home in alabaster They always have a home in sky island I wonder if anybody would actually leave still and go down to the blue sea since angel island's gone It seems like most are just gonna live on birth Oh That's so nice Hell yeah, damn. What a journey. Holy It's such a sweet note. They left up on too The bell ringing Thanks out of sheer peace So, um, I noticed we're halfway through the episode and I still haven't found out who fixed the ship uh 30 episodes ago Curious interesting if I don't find out I'm gonna be pissed Keep it a buck if that's actually like an overarching thing, I'd be shocked It's the end Don't have to keep searching. They can just leave. Yeah Where will he go? Wait, is is luffy gonna go by and say hi or no?  What what's the alliance called the sci-ciorian alliance or something new adventures Send sale. Yeah, everybody stay together. It's so wholesome. It's all tied off with a nice bow I wonder how rich they are with the gold that they found too. That's a lot of gold buying a statue A lockable fridge I wonder why I need some books. I want to read medical books from other countries choppers so cute Dance fair enough I mean choppers wants to buy medical books, that's important. Yeah, where do they drop? What? What happened? So we're gonna have to get back down to the sea anyways That's part of the adventure nami Just figure it out when we land. Yeah, that's what I'm saying. You have the log of the next island What is he doing What Did he see somebody the ghost come on man clear up this lucin for me. It's driving me mad What is the octopus who got some patience slowly drift down This I can't breathe man. I'm exhausted I just said Drifted a rough tell. Yeah skip over the grand line, bro. Hey, what? Halfway around the grand one so oh like you have to go through the grand line Usab is so over Zoro. Oh just go to sleep Is he on top of the octopus? Oh my gosh. She is but I was gonna like pop the octopus or something He would find a way. Okay. He's not even like I think it's okay I don't know how he got up there, but that is very sketchy All right, it's okay. He does see something dude. I think Oh the octopus is shrinking. That's what he noticed Man, I thought there was someone in the crow's nest I thought it was just slowly deflating like as they got closer to earth Is it deflating because he was hopping on it? Stop Luffy. Stop. Oh no. Oh no Oh Okay, thank you.  Wait, what is he gonna do? Ah Diles he has dials we make him captain actually make us stop captain.  Wait, what if they start going up? Wait If this actually just works out perfectly hand us up the keys to the ship surely this works out perfectly, right? Oh, here we go The reinforcements seem to hold they made it catch him catch the little octopus The deep would like to know your location Where the how are they?  It has to have a purpose But that is in the end of skypia. We made it back to the blue sea They were all like kind of like sad about leaving but man. I missed the ocean I don't know like I can't even explain it But what a what a perfect send-off just chaos to get all the way back just to fall into a navy base Now, I believe I've been told the next I think like 10 episodes are like a filler arc that you guys said is actually worth watching So we will be covering that the next 10 episodes the next like week or two And then I believe we were starting water seven, which is a very revered arc Everybody that I've ever talked to has said water seven is a banger of an arc And most people have told me that skypia wasn't even that great and I loved it So I can imagine an arc that people say is actually good But nonetheless, I just enjoy my journey through one piece more and more every single day If you guys can't tell I just binge these last I think 20 episodes over the course of like two days So yeah understatement to say I am enjoying it and just how much closer our crew gets uh each each episode Like guys that has been it episode 194 and 195 and the end of skypia Let me know in the comments what you thought of the arc overall What your problems with it are what you like about it What do you think could have been done better in most cases? I should have a review of the arc up on my main channel as soon as I finish this I'll probably do a stream where I'm kind of kind of talk about my thoughts around it and kind of like rate it and everything I kind of want to do that with every arc in the future So I'll just put that on screen here or whatever and I'll link it down below But that has been it for me. I hope you have a fantastic rest of your day as per usual And I'll catch you guys in the next one space


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com Nightly Wrap-Up Show. So, just when you think things couldn't get crazier in this year of Satan 2020, right? So, oil was down 240% today. Okay, I'm just joking. First time in history, okay, a contract, okay, CNBC, it really is such a source of just misinformation. A contract that's expiring tomorrow somehow got detached from a contract that was expiring later in the month, okay, and it showed that the WTI contract that expiring tomorrow went negative, down like negative $30 a barrel, and everybody went nuts.  Crazy stuff. The more this year materializes and the more things come out to light, it's like if I went outside right now and I literally saw a bunch of, you know, a bunch of unicorns, you know, breakdancing and having a break dance off, I wouldn't be shocked anymore, okay. If I saw my mother-in-law levitate, okay, and the devil's claws would come out of her back, wouldn't shock me anymore. So, why is it shocking anymore that we've seen crazy stuff like this? And 2020 has showed you a couple things, that number one, the market's out of its mind, it will always be out of its mind. Don't think for a second it'll ever be normal, okay. So, once you accept that, and I've accepted that a long, long time ago, okay, especially last few weeks when I just said what's the difference with the market does, doesn't make sense anyway. Once you kind of figure that part out, I think you'll be good. The good news is the market is trading really, really well, okay. Beta every single day is giving phenomenal opportunity. I think today's morning was very, very aggressive and then the market kind of did nothing for the rest of the day. So, the story guideline for today was not that the Dow was down 500 points. So, who cares? Once you see a 3,000 point move on the Dow Jones Industrial Average about a month ago, was this 500 points really scary to anybody? So, it wasn't the 2.5% move that the Dow was down or anything else, or even the crazy oil contract that went minus $30 a barrel, okay. That's not the craziest part. The craziest part and the most important part, excuse me, the most important part of what we're seeing here, the day-to-day activities, especially in the intraday ranks are very, very solid. There's something there for everybody, the longs, the shorts, everybody in between. What I like what we're seeing and continue to see is that both markets, okay, the bulls and the bears have a really good stake, right? They can really make good claims that the action is much more superior beneath the surface that you are seeing. So, today if you turn around and say, well, the Dow is down 500 points, 2.5%, you're probably saying to yourself, well, something's wrong there. And when you look at what the market actually did compared to what beta continues to do, it's mind-boggling, okay. Absolutely mind-boggling how strong the action is or continues to be in the beta world.  Apparently Netflix, right? Apparently, for example, Netflix that reports tomorrow, Amazon, Roku, right? They're like a bearish ETF now. Okay. So now, you know how ZM continue to go higher as the market was crapping down the pure play on people's trading from home or, excuse me, working from home. And now all of a sudden these stocks has become like bearish, like the opposite of a bearish ETF or a bearish ETF. It's like now the market gaps down. Well, hell, you got to fight the quality. You got to fight the safety. You got to buy Netflix, right? People are staying home. Crazy. Just absolutely crazy. I never came out with the 2020 virus, literally the whole year, the 2020 virus. Send it back. Send it back. It's like the Chinese order, no pun, no disrespect to anybody. It's like, you know how you place an order in the Chinese food? They always forget something. Something forgot. You know, they something forgot us some logic, some common sense. Something was left out of our delivery because 2020, I promise you, is never is not a year that I can remember in a long time. Back to the 2007, 2008 financial destruction. At least you understand it, right? Everything's going lower. The world's going coming to an end. Financial crisis. Everything's going to zero. Here everything's going to zero. People are dying, but the market continues to go higher until today. So this is kind of where we are separating fantasy land from kind of what we see in front of us. So let's talk technically, okay? So the Q's did a great job. A phenomenal rally by the bulls a couple of days ago and we reclaimed that 12, 22, 75, 213 level. You guys remember that? I've been talking about this level two, three days. Friday they did very, very well. Today they came right back in to test the bottom of that range. See that? This rising five-day moving average, which again on the surface doesn't mean it's a big deal until it becomes a big deal. And now we're looking at a day for tomorrow that the bulls have to do their job to protect that channel. Because if they don't and the bear sees control and take control of the five-day moving average, well, we're going to start coming right back into this channel and start going all the way back down to this 205 level. Again, it doesn't seem like a big deal right now. Now nobody's really paying too much attention. But again, if you believe that the five-day moving average is the shortest term, most important area for sentiment, which I believe, right? Then you have to believe that tomorrow's session is going to be incredibly important. Again, most people will not even think anything of it from today. People will start turning around and say, well, the market just consolidated after a big run and it did that. Absolutely right. And it was incredible strength this morning. But again, it's not what the market did. It's what the market is going to do next. Again, to live in past glory, it's like me sitting there and saying to myself, wow, I remember the internet craze. It was so great. Again, that's 20 years ago. So what the market did yesterday, the market did the day before, the market did three weeks ago. It doesn't really translate into what's going to happen next. And it's incredibly important, guys, this 212 area for tomorrow. That's the previous day's low. Everybody see that? Right, guys? The previous low on the cues are 212. Any build below 212 for tomorrow, we're going to start going lower. So it's very, very important. So if we open up and we start violating that 212 area and the bear start building, again, if you believe in the theory of stocks straight from supply to supply it in the man to the man, then we're going to go down to 209, 212, and then ultimately to this rising 10-day support of 205. If you look at the SPX, same thing, right? The Bulls did a phenomenal job last Friday. Get right above the 50-day moving average. And today, we failed to reclaim the highs from Friday. Not only that, we put in a lower high, right? Lower high, lower low, and we closed exactly the same way we did on the NASDAQ 100, the cues right on the 5-day moving average. So for the SPX, if they start losing, right? They start losing this 28-20, okay? Keep these numbers in mind. They start confirming the 28-20. We're going to go down to 28-11. And ultimately, things get very, very aggressive. And again, remember, guys, we're one headline away from getting very, very aggressive. It's great what the market did. It's great what the market's doing. But again, that's in the past. Let's pay attention for what it potentially could do for tomorrow. And if we lose any close below 28-11 on the SPX, we're going to go down all the way down to this 27-75 area. Again, nobody's calling for destruction of prices. We're just talking technical analysis. I don't want to scare anybody. I understand people are very, very fragile. A lot of people are very, very thin skinned. No way, Dan. That was a generational bottom. Maybe it was. Maybe it wasn't.  I don't know. Well, I trust this technical analysis. Our opinions don't matter. So it's very, very important that we go into tomorrow's session. Eyes wide open, right? Rose-colored glasses off. And really take a look and pay attention how the stocks react in the morning. If we gap up, see, start paying attention to this. Starts putting in lower highs on the 60-minute channel. Or if we gap down, we want to see how aggressive the bulls come back. The cavalry comes back to start reclaiming back upward levels. So tomorrow, again, not a lot of people are going to pay attention to the macro point for tomorrow. I do. I think tomorrow is an incredibly important area. I think the morning you could run into, quote, unquote, the shop factor buyers on dips. Because, again, the market's been so strong or sellers recognizing the importance of the 5-day and trying to build a new base below it. So, again, tomorrow you could see very, very choppy action in the first couple of candles. But, again, it should start seeing much more clarity closer towards lunchtime and maybe spills over into the following day session. IBM, again, first tech stock to report earnings. Again, IBM never beats, for God's sake. We talked about on the weekend video, they just never beat. Again, it's important to see how the street reacts. Are they going to give IBM a mulligan? Tomorrow Netflix, Netflix tomorrow comes out with earnings. The notable bet I saw on Netflix, I believe there was a million dollar bet for the 500s. I believe so. I could be wrong. Actually, you know what? Let me give you exactly the number. I think I put it on my notes here. Let me just take a look here. Let me see what the bet was. The notable bet into Netflix. There was a buyer. He bought 107 contracts of the weekly 500 calls. So, again, we don't know how Netflix is going to react into earnings. Again, you can make a case. The stock just ran up 200 points. Right? 200 points. Can it go higher? Can it go lower? Is it going to be baked in? We have no idea. But again, as IBM said, IBM never beats their number. It's just amazing. So we'll see exactly how, again, it plays out tomorrow with tech. If it translates into buyers, if they give IBM a mulligan, start making this market go back higher above the five-day. So you had a really, really good session here this morning. Very, very aggressive action this morning.  Literally nothing for the rest of the day. So let's talk about it. This is the first trade of the day. And again, it wasn't the easiest trade in the world to mentally digest. Because again, SHOP had this 250-point rally. This was my first trade of the day. SHOP had this first 250-point rally in the last two weeks or so. And I said, look, the 52-week high is $594. Keep in mind, it's up 250 points. So any stall out by the 52-week highs, don't even hesitate. Sell the stock and then be on your way. So I actually got along this thing, red to green. It started pushing up to like $597, $598. So I was up at one point around $7.5, $8. So I sold half up like $5.5 and a half. And then the stock went red. So I was like, look, you know, I already had in my head 250-point run. They could pull the plug. Yada, yada, yada. I did the right thing. I did the right thing. I took profits on it. And then I looked up, the stock was up $36. Again, saved and sorry. Again, if you told me a 250-point rally, it stalls out, goes red. You got to make sales. Again, if you did catch the whole move, congratulations. Roku, just a beast. 129.60 needs to build. Here was Roku. Right, here's the 129.60 on Roku. Right here, these two channels, 129.60 on Roku, absolutely exploded with the 35. Roku is just a monster. Netflix again, excuse me, before Netflix, 731 builds below on Tesla. If it builds below, it can flush experienced traders only. Tesla got slammed. Okay, Tesla really, really got hit here. So here is the 731, right here. You see this whole channel here, right? 731, 731, 731. It got crushed, 731 right to the next support zone at 712, and then it just spiked up. And I was waiting for that second move. Still waiting. Never got back up there. Netflix, again, a beast. 438.50, 439 needs to build. Again, tomorrow it kicks off earnings for beta. Here was a 738, right? Excuse me, 438, 439. You know, went to like 444 big move on Netflix. Just a monster, just absolutely a monster. Sell on the way up. Roku, sell on the way up. Shop, da-da-da, sell on the way up. Right, get the theme. So tech is strong. Check is strong. Tesla take on the way down. Netflix, new highs. Boeing, right? Boeing never got up to the 52. Here's Billy. I actually traded Billy, right? Crazy as it seems. I traded Billy. Okay, there wasn't a lot of stuff going on after the initial push, and Billy spiked up. It did exactly what it had to do. 2980, 30 needs to build. I knew it was going to stop at 3030 just because there was a supply zone there and it hit perfectly. It hit perfectly right at 3030 and came right down. So nice little scout set. Usually something I do trade, but again today just wasn't a lot of options after that first move in beta. So again, take on the way up. Uber, I still like it over that $29 level. Tesla, never built. It was going lower, never built. So I was waiting for Tesla in the afternoon and never built. So you had really, really good action right from the word go. And then the market kind of just like did absolutely nothing, which is a good thing. Which is an absolutely good thing. You don't need the market to lose its mind every single day. But again, based on today's close, I am starting to see a lot of names that could possibly confirm. Obviously queues for tomorrow. I am watching below the five day. Boeing, again, look how Boeing closed guys right on support. Right on support. If this support confirms it's going to go lower. Look at Apple, same thing, right? Apple is teetering, man. Apple is just one day away from getting hit to the 10 day moving average. So you're getting a lot of really names that are potentially setting up for tomorrow's action. So tomorrow, again, I don't think a lot of people are going to put a lot of stock of importance how tomorrow's trading day could play out. But again, if you believe that the five day moving average is an incredibly important part, the short-term sentiment, that tomorrow's day is going to be an incredibly important day for the bulls. Guys, God bless everybody. Hope everybody is safe. And with God's help, we'll see you on the field tomorrow. Take care, guys. Congratulations for putting in the time to take control of your trading. You're one step closer to owning your future and achieving the success you desire. Want daily trade ideas directly from Dan? Straight off his personal watch list? Unlock our free PS60 vault where you'll get nightly updates and pivot opportunities we're watching for the next day's session. Click the link in the description to get started today.


Hi, Clement. How are you? I'm good. How are you? Fine. Thanks for this reminder. And yes, I'm talking about my experience with Inago as a freelance editor. First of all, my name is Clement Weinberger and I've been working with Inago for approximately a year now. I am a PhD cell biologist and I've been a professor, I've taught in secondary school, I've done a lot of different things, which is a big help in freelancing because of the experience with different topics. I worked for a while in a tissue culture lab that did cancer research. I worked with a company that made medical devices for hospital use. I worked with a laboratory that tested tissue for pathologists. And the last thing I did was I worked for a pharmaceutical company that made vaccines. And it was there that I helped a lot of people who were not English speakers publish their papers. And their papers were studies that they did for us as a company on registration of vaccines. So I really have a lot of experience in working with people who can speak English but really aren't very good at writing. I suppose I shouldn't say it that way, but they had great scientific ideas. They did great research, but they had a hard time when their papers were being reviewed for publication. So I kind of got into freelancing from a profession where I was already working with people who didn't speak English well or write it well.


Manipur is truly reaping the benefits of the double-engine government. With the concerted efforts of the central and state government, Manipur is becoming a stable, peaceful and developing state. The state is the focal point of the country's development, and the central government has been working tirelessly for the development and economic progress of the state. Honourable Prime Minister Shreya Narendra Modi is dedicating 13 major infrastructural projects worth Rs 1,858 crore to the people of Manipur and belay the foundation stone for 9 projects worth Rs 2,957 crore. The water transmission system of Taubal Multipurpose Project has been completed with a cost of Rs 280 crore to ensure clean drinking water for people residing in Imfal city. The Tamenglong Water Supply Project worth Rs 65 crore, consisting of artificial reservoirs, is all set to solve the water scarcity problem and provide safe drinking water to residents of Tamenglong district. The project of augmentation of water supply scheme at Senapati has been built at a cost of Rs 51 crore to provide daily drinking water to at least 3,500 households. The 154-metre-long Barak Steel Bridge has been constructed at a cost of Rs 79 crore, is all ready to connect Manipur with the rest of India. To strengthen the health sector and step up the fight against Covid-19 pandemic in the state, a 200-bedded Covid hospital has been set up at a cost of Rs 37 crore at Kiamgei Meyai Lekai Imfal. Three projects worth Rs 173 crore under the Imfal Smart City Mission have been completed in the state. The project consists of the Integrated Command and Control Centre, Western River Front on Imfal River and the Mall Road at Thangal Bazar have been completed. The INA War Memorial Museum has been developed with a cost of Rs 30 crore at Moirang. The Indian National Flag will be unfurled atop a 165-fleet flagpole at the INA, making it one of the tallest in the Nautis region. The Govindaji Temple in Imfal has been refurbished and renovated at a cost of Rs 23 crore. Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will hand over 2,387 mobile towers with 4,356 BTS to the people of Manipur to ensure fast mobile connectivity and internet for everyone. A new industrial training institute at Kanpurpe with a cost of Rs 9 crore has been established to provide skilled training. The newly modern DIPR building has been constructed at a cost of Rs 12 crore and it is equipped with an IT-enabled environment for speedy dissemination of information. The foundation stone of the various projects will be laid for the people of Manipur. In line with the vision of transformation by transportation, Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for five national highway projects with an investment of Rs 1,746 crore, spending a total of 111 km. This road will provide all-weather connectivity to the state and mostly economy of the state. Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will also lay the foundation stone for State of the Art Cancer Hospital, Rs 160 crore. Rs 131 crore Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for 72 projects. These projects will consist of infrastructure for several colleges and hostels along with 50 health centres. The Prime Minister will lay the foundation stone for the biggest PPP initiative in the state, Centre for Invention, Innovation, Incubation and Training. The project will be built at a cost of Rs 200 crore and play a significant role in creating employment opportunities. With an aim to promote the rich cultural heritage of Manipur Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for the Manipur Institute of Performing Arts at Gurugram which will be built at Rs 242 crore. Equipped in modern amenities and facilities Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for the Government Residential Quarters, Rs 390 crore at New Chacon. A mega-handloom cluster of Rs 31 crore will be set up at Nongpok Kaching, the native village of Olympus Silver Maddless Mirabai Channel. Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for Craft and Handloom Village, Rs 5 crore in Moirang which will harness the tourism potential of Lok Tak Lake. With an estimated cost of Rs 52 crore Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi will also lay the foundation stone for the ropeway project at Ibudau Marjig. This is a testimony to Honourable Prime Minister Srinorendra Modi's commitment to ensure the all-round development of Manipur. The Prime Minister has been exerting all his efforts to facilitate equal development of all the people living across the state.


Good morning. It is Friday, March 27th, the last day of our first week of online learning, and it has been a learning experience for me as well as for you. In general, I want to encourage the class that things are going well. I didn't expect everything to work perfectly this first week, and it hasn't worked perfectly, but most of you have been doing a really good job of adapting, asking for help, and seeing how we can make it work. I need to encourage some of you to contact me a little bit more, and I'm going to start reaching out to students who are missing work and checking in with them to find out what's going on and how we can make this situation a little bit better. Later this weekend, I'm going to also start reaching out to students who have some missing work from before spring break and giving them instructions for what they might be able to do in some of those situations to get caught up. For today, you've got a couple of things to focus on. We've got our lecture material for today, and you guys are going to be learning more about Ohm's Law and Power Relationships for Electrical Circuits. I strongly encourage you to watch the extra videos I've been making which show some problem-solving examples. Again, these don't completely walk you through the practice problems that we're going to be having you work on today, but they give you an idea of how to use some of the equations with different numbers and sometimes set up a little bit differently. The videos also give you more examples for how you might rearrange the equation. So as you're working on future problems or homework problems, you can refer back to some of those if you kind of struggle a little bit with the algebra. Having you guys submit your work on Blackboard on Wednesday worked well for most people. About two-thirds of the class was able to submit their work there. Some of you did have some struggles, and that's okay. Like I said, we're still learning on this, but having two-thirds of you being able to submit it that way meant that my email box was not quite so overflowing with me having troubles keeping track of who submitted what where. I will be checking in some of that work later today and trying to get you some actual feedback. This is one of the parts that I'm still trying to figure out on my side how to do. When you had the worksheets on paper, it was really quick and easy for me to jot down notes of where you missed units and things like that. Sending your work electronically, it's going to be a little bit more difficult, but I'm going to do my best and you should get some feedback on your Wednesday or Friday problem at some point this weekend. Also, I encourage you guys, if you haven't been using the keys I post on Blackboard, it's going to be even more important now since it's harder for me to give you feedback. Look at those examples for how the problem should have been solved so that you can check yourself and check your work to see, did I put down the right units? Did I come up with the right numbers? Did I do my algebra correctly? All of those things. As an online learner, you do have to take a little bit more responsibility for checking in on those things. The other thing that you need to be working on is our homework number eight on sapling. Some of you guys have kind of forgotten about sapling and we had to focus on the in-class on learning stuff, but we have that sapling assignment. It's actually been open since before spring break, so it's been up there for a while. It was set to be due today. I'm going to actually extend that to Saturday just to give more students a chance to ask questions. I have some students who are sending in some really good questions and asking me and just like they can text me their work for the practice problems, they can text me their work on a homework problem and then we're able to track down why they're getting the problem wrong so they can get that corrected. I want to remind you again on the sapling homework, if you do use up all five attempts, you can contact me.  New numbers, but once we figured out how to solve the problem, then you should be able to go forward with your new set of attempts. If you have any questions or concerns at any point, please contact me and I'm going to do my best to work with you. We're going to get through this. You're going to learn. Just keep trying and keep reaching out to me for help. You guys have a good day and then once you've gotten your work done for my class, enjoy your weekend.


This is mad in hell, mutt champs. This is mad in hell, dude. Imma be honest, buddy loves a read option. What, this is it, huh? I'm so good at dog, like I just like stuff that down. Every touchdown I give up is a shot and against these, that's my new, every touchdown I give up is shot. This is mad in hell, mutt champs. This is mad in hell, dude.     No wonder.   He just ran a dive into 10 people, broke a tackle and like, it's terrible. Mutt is absolute shit-show on all pro. I don't know how people boot up all pros so much.  This is like just pure, no, I just, I can't, I'm just playing PlayStation right there. The lag is just so OP, bro. This is why you kick your action point and let the camp people play like, seal the game in the yellow zone on five.  G-G-G-G-G-G's.


I work for the Ministry of Health as an environmental health practitioner. I've been doing this work for the last 25 years. I look very young I know but I have the experience. I did 15 years at community level and I've been with the policy formulation aspect within the last 10 years so I think we can. I'm here just to take you through what actually the liberal declaration is and what is all about and what informed the liberal declaration and why the concern and they ended up being the liberal declaration in 2008. Like you all know environment is one of the primary determinants of health. Individual and community health for that matter and when you talk about the environment you're talking to the physical, the chemical, the biological, the chemical and the biologic risks in the environment that can harm human health and then like you all know that data has shown that nearly a quarter of all that's in Africa are reportedly due to environmental causes and this is from the WHO and I just wanted to share with you this picture just to show you how the environment actually impacts human health and the issues that we actually look at when you talk environmental determinants of health and you talk we talk to issues of air pollution in adequate water and sanitation and hygiene issues chemicals including biological agents, radiation, community to noise, occupational risks that the labor aspect, agricultural practices including pesticide use, water reuse and thereof built environments, housing and roads and climate change so those are some of the impacts it's not all of them they're not this is not an exhaustive list but this is just to give guidance on what isn't that we talk about we talk about the environmental determinants of health because if you break down all these elements you'd realize there's so much more actually within each component right from air pollution down to climate change that you need to take into consideration as you assess issues of environmental determinants of health and then that this is just to show you the impact globally of the environmental disease burden it's at 24 percent and this is information from the 2022 2022 global strategy on health environment and climate change as developed by WHO and you can see that as the Africa region we are at at least 2.5 million people die from environmental disease burden annually um the liberal declaration um the liberal declaration was conceptualized in 2008 by UNEP and WHO and it was led by the african ministers of health and environment taking to cognizance the effects that the environmental determinants of health have on the ultimate health of the people and like I've already said before most of the issues that we're battling with were what you call infectious diseases like I said that other slides or the the pictogram that I showed do not actually was not included did not indicate issues of infectious disease or communicable diseases as we talk as we discuss them and when you talk infectious or communicable disease we include zoonotic diseases so that is how we discuss it from the health perspective and then the other issues are like what we we know the traditional issues and other issues like air pollution, tobacco smoke and chemicals are driving the disease burden when it comes to SCDs nowadays and estimated 28 percent of all prematureness attributed to environmental um factors in the african region and that is why the ministers of health and environment specifically got together to say what is it that we can do what strategy can we come up with to actually manage the health and environment uh risks and the other thing that was quite pivotal in the establishment of the the declaration was that 60 percent of the vital ecosystem ecosystem services of the planet are being degraded hey or are being subjected to excessive prejudice that is the services that maintain the quality of life i mean the quality of air land and water resources were actually being impacted and these are the top 10 courses of death from the environment um and that and this is in the african region we can see that it's ischemic um ischemic heart diseases and here we are talking issues of which are which are which are contributed by air pollution and then chronic respiratory diseases it's also issues of air pollution here as well and then the various cancers i mean we use a lot of pesticides a lot of chemicals uh irradiation exposures you can name it those are some of the contributing factors to cancers and then your unintentional injuries especially within the labor sector or occupational health um issues and um respirator infections we know we talk about tb people usually assume that tb it's not environment related but the how part of the how you live how you survive um the alias speakers talk to issues of health going beyond just just about the physical aspect but it's more about the environment that one lives in so you find that diseases such as the tv is promoted primarily about where the one person resides or the kind of housing structure that that person lives in that real disease we know that it's it's it's um it's my mainly contributed to by issues of water sanitation and hygiene malaria vector bond diseases the neglected tropical diseases that were being discussed earlier diabetes is an ncd where people live uh realize that they don't even have space to actually any physical activity so those are some physical activity and they don't even have a small patch of land where they are able to grow their own food for survival or to keep healthy if i'm important that way and then the neonatal conditions here we are talking issues of um uh in in certain environments we'd realize that there's what you call klepsiola in the hospital settings and it's been found that most neonatal conditions are caused by this particular um pathogen which is as a resultant from poor uh hygienic conditions within the hospital settings and liberal deterioration itself had 11 action points and in conceptualization which was establishing health and environment strategic alliances that is taken to cognizance the institutions existing institutions within country to see how best can we ensure that even though these institutions exist how do we bring them together to ensure that they fit back i must i must each other and then those development of the national frameworks development or strengthening is other you develop as a country you strengthen what is that is existing to close their gaps um poverty reduction through national environment program because we know that in the africa region we are hard hit by poverty and we cannot ignore it when we discuss issues of health and environment and then the capacity building of health and environment institutions or organizations this is one of the key action areas as well promote knowledge acquisition that is research around health and environment issues that's why we brought in academic and research institutions to actually facilitate or support this particular aspect to see what is it that they are doing and then establishment of and strengthening of health and environment surveillance systems we know that a lot of institutions do have surveillance systems but the instance the the surveillance systems don't actually fit back on each other you'd realize that health has its own surveillance system aggregate um what do you call it we call it agriculture back home so i'm used to i want to say animal health has its own surveillance system wildlife has its own surveillance system ecosystem health has its own surveillance system we never sit down together to say how best can we manage the issues that are emanating from the surveillance systems that we have or how do we fit back and that is why the liberal declaration kind of advocated for and then there was it also advocated for the establishment of national mechanisms for assessing compliance to conventions treaties and protocols for protection of human health here what actually happened was that the the the declaration takes cognizance of existing conventions treaties and protocols globally that talks to protection of the health and environment so we have to ensure that if countries are signatories to these protocols conventions and treaties that ensure that there is compliance to it how far are we as a country with regards to compliant to that and then there was establishment of this establishment or strengthening of national monitoring and evaluation mechanisms like i said earlier there are surveillance systems there are many systems within countries but the information is not shared amongst the sectors and then the where there was need there was need to establish systematic assessments for evaluation of health and environment risk layer for example i believe you are all aware of the environment environmental outlook reports i know that a lot of countries used to do them i don't know if you are most of the african countries are still doing but this is one way of as establishing the risks from this establishing the risks as outlined always guided by the liberal declaration and then it also advocated for development of partnerships and advocacy programming amongst these institutions these organizations and then ensuring establishment of budget allocations for instant intersectoral collaboration so if countries had always in place or if countries did a situation analysis needs assessment they would come with the appropriate national joint plan of actions to actually address these issues or a plan that would say going forward as Botswana as country acts this is how we are going to do it and then i'm just going to give you a Botswana perspective this is the country coordinating mechanism or the country coordinating team in Botswana it's made up of diverse departments organizations civil society civil society organizations uh academic institutions and you name it and it's coordinated by the ministry of health and the ministry of environment and commitment by these ministries was done at ministerial level like i said before and before we did anything we had to sit down and identify what you call or identify the environmental determinants of health or the environmental risks in Botswana that impacted on human health so as this team they we sat together we did that and and came up with our risks internal risks and rated them accordingly and then like i said there was an established country coordinating mechanism and it has about 35 members but we keep on adding where there is need we realize that there are gaps or areas which are not really and it's more of a whole of government approach it's a more of a whole of government approach it's not only limited to the ministry of health and the ministry of environment um we had like i said we identified the risk and then we brought in everybody concerned to help us drive the national plan of joint action and then the multi-sexual the team is multi-sexual and multi-sexual and multi-disciplinary team and the team developed its own terms of reference to say how are we going to be functioning what are the issues of consent which are informed by the situation analysis that was conducted progress so far in Botswana we undertook the situation analysis and needs assessment and that is the report that we did in 2013 and developed the national plan of joint actions and in 2022 the Africa region updated its strategy the liberal declaration updated that strategy so in 2023 we decided as a country that we are going to review our situation analysis and needs assessment so we are right now in the process of reviewing the situation analysis and needs assessment and that is 10 years later we are about to complete it uh we're in the middle last week to actually do this to do the review um and what are the opportunities or benefits it's effective actually for the management of environmental risk across sectors cost effectiveness it's much cheaper for government because you bring everybody who needs to be there together to actually make decisions whether it be in policy or not so ever and then there's no duplication of efforts use of collaboration and partnerships right now if you add all there's an issue you know exactly who to contact who to talk to in another sector within another ministry and then the benefits are obviously when you have a healthy environment you're looking at a healthy population challenges and limitations yes there are those that still don't understand the concepts and there are several approaches to certain health and environment issues and then we still have limited funding we are yet to have a appropriate funding mechanism because the whole essence of this liberalism is that it be anchored at the highest level like in the VP's office for example so that is what we are saying so we are yet to sign MOUs to ensure um all the members involved actually commit to what is that he said and it's currently being led at technical director's level and our hope and which it should is that we should be at the level of the VP's office and this is just to say in closing adoption of a one health approach which is a holistic cross-sectional and is highly recommended in the implementation of the liberalism to ensure effectiveness of the health and environment strategic alliance and this is a quote from the regional strategy for the africa region of 2022 thank you