that is something you're interested in please visit for more if you are only interested in great card videos there will be links in the description box below today I'll talk about a few upcoming changes coming to the American Express Cobalt great card so if you go online you're going to see that you know the internet is go crazy and there are lots of you know reviews and lots of articles about American Express great card so for example I'm just going to you know show you something very quickly and for example here you can see that incredible upcoming changes and then here you can say that you know a look at changes to the best great card and then here you will see that Canada's best great card is getting even better so all of these are just you know all of the links are the reviews you're looking at are actually affiliated you know websites or videos promoting American Express Cobalt great card so you're not going to get any honest and true opinion from of the changes from these reviews so that's why I'm going to give you a totally unhonest and unbashed opinion today and I'll go over with some of the changes and what you need to know so the first thing I would like to clarify that regardless of what you know these sites are saying that this is the best great card or Canada's best great card so I'd like to mention that Cobalt card is not the best great card and I'm going to go over with you why so I'll just you know say this aside for now and this is the envelope I received from American Express and here they're just like you know I'm going through the changes of the Cobalt great card and I'm not going to go over in these brochures or literature because I have summarized everything in here and that's what you know I'll go over with you one by one so let's look at the first thing so the changes are coming to August 16 2021 and before August 16 2020 the Cobalt card has a $10 monthly fee which is you know $120 annually and the reverse points you get from the Cobalt card is MR select what it means that you know it doesn't convert to airlines miles directly so you have to actually kind of convert it to hotel points for example Marriott Bon Voy and then you can convert it to airline points if you do that then the way it works that you know from each point you'd get half airline points for example half airplane or half life miles point but that's before the changes which is up to until August 16 2021 now after the changes this is what is going to happen so the annual fee is going to increase to 12.99 per month which translates into $155.88 cents per year and the points are changing to MR points what it means that you know you will be able to change or transfer directly to airline points as a transfer partner and the ratio is going to be 1 to 1 and they're just you know giving a new category you'll get three times points for those who do not use this it really doesn't matter and then another addition coming is the mobile device insurance so if you you know buy your phone with the American Express Cobalt card and if you meet the conditions then you're you know secured or you're insured up for up to $1,000 so these are the changes coming here but you're paying a hefty annual fee of $155.88 cents per year which is a lot and the question you might be asking that you know whether you should be keeping American Express Cobalt card after August 16 or not and that's what I'm going to show you today so I have this card and after like you know doing some simple calculations this is my take that I'm going is still going to you know keep this great card although this is not the best great card but in terms of you know reward points this is a very good great card so for example if you use American Express Cobalt great card at groceries or restaurants or to buy anything where you know to eat our food purchases then you get five points per dollar spent and because you know these points will convert to airlines direct after August 16 so technically you're getting like you know five airplane points or five you know let's say aviose or life my points per dollar and I do not know any other parade cards would give you like you know five points or five airline points per dollar spent so if you think of the Reor's card in terms of like you know points accumulation then definitely this is a very good card or it could be even the best card so here is my simple math why I'm going to keep this card even after the anulph increase so for example you will see that you know airplane or life miles their selling points from time to time usually their point cost is three cents per share and life miles is for 3.3 cents and to keep things simple I'm just going to assume that you know three cents per point and if you spend a $500 month on grocery just grocery I'm going to assume that you know probably everyone is going to spend a lot more but if you only spend three hundred three five hundred dollars per month then you're going to get that twenty five hundred dollar I'm sorry twenty five hundred points and let's say you are using those the card for one year then twenty five hundred times twelve then you have now thirty thousand points now these thirty thousand points if you had to buy from airplane or life miles or anyone else then if we assume that you know it's three cents then you're going to save $900 now time to time airplane and life miles both the sale points at a discount rate so they give like you know let's say a hundred percent bonus or 50 percent bonus and if you even if you assume that you know you're getting 100% bonus then to purchase 30,000 points your spending is going to be a $450 Canadian so you can see that you know from hundred eighty eight dollars sorry hundred fifty five dollars and eighty eight cents annual fee definitely you're on the plus side side if you are you know buying points directly and if you are like you know even if you're buying points at a discounted rate but if you use for these points for business class business class flight purposes then definitely you can get more out of these points so for example I have used airplane and life miles and other points for many business class flights and you can actually see all my business class flight reviews by going to my business class playlist which is going to be I'll provide you a link in the description box below and there were times when I was able to extract per point seven cents and it is possible to extract even more from points if you was you know if you use points carefully and if you just like you know get a good flight so definitely for these 30,000 points if you are spending $500 per month on grocery then it can come into even $2,100 value in terms of dollar value if you're using them to redeem for business class flight purposes and this actually there's no actually limit here how much you're going to get so for some flights you might get like you know five cents per point or for some flights you can get seven cents or even ten cents but I have had seven cents which gave $2,100 for $500 you know grocery spent per month which I would say a very good deal given the fact that you know you're getting so much more back than what you're spending to pay an old fee for $155.88 so for that reason I'm not going to cancel this card and I'm going to keep this card and now I'm going to just you know tell you why this is not a good credit card for benefits because this is American Express has a pattern of not giving lots of benefits they're very cheap in that way and do not pay attention or do not mind you know the websites online which are saying that this is the best credit card because all these they're affiliated and they're promoting American Express and you know they just wanted to sign up and use their links to make more money or to get bonus points from your sign up so before you do anything just you know make sure you're aware of everything and I do not provide any affiliated links I do not take money from anyone so you're going to get totally honest and unbashed opinion from this review so the reason American Express is not a good credit card for benefits because you're paying $155 annual fee for this card which is going to be after August 16 and even you are not going to get trip cancellation insurance you're not going to get any concierge services and you're not going to get any 0% foreign transaction fee and these are the few things or these are one of the main top things you'd look for in a travel credit card in order for that card to be considered the best travel credit card which American Express do not provide and you can get this from a you know $120 visa infinite card lots of cards on the Canadian market so definitely American Express cobalt is not the best credit card for your words but if you are talking about like you know points value or generating points then definitely it's a very good credit card if not the best credit card and as I mentioned before that I never heard any credit card giving you five points or five error miles or five airline points per dollar spent if you know anything like that even not from Canada from any other parts in the world just leave a comment in the comment section so I know so for that reason for this reasons you know I'm still keeping the American Express cobalt credit card but I do not use this credit card when I go you know when I purchase travel or when I go outside because you know it doesn't have trip cancellation and it doesn't have concierge and it doesn't have 0% foreign transaction fee so just be careful about using this card for travel purchases because you know if you are in if you are in trouble or flight gets cancelled or you know hotel gets cancelled or something happened then you're gonna get your money back so you have to be careful about that and you're gonna get any concierge and you're gonna be paying 2.5% foreign transaction fee if you use this in outside Canada so that's all I wanted to talk about today thank you for watching this video there'll be more videos coming up so I'll see you shortly thank you


Local and county officials in Pike County are considering filing suit against cable and internet provider Suddenlink over what officials say are numerous complaints about service outages and other issues. At a special meeting of the Pikeville City Commission on Tuesday, Pikeville City attorney Rusty Davis told the commission that perhaps the only way to deal with ongoing complaints against Suddenlink, which reached a fever pitch during a recent outage that occurred during a University of Kentucky men's basketball game telecast, is to consider filing a class action lawsuit against Suddenlink parent company, Altis. The way I believe to get the message to Suddenlink is it's going to cost you for not providing the services that you're being paid for, it's going to cost you, and it's going to cost you dearly. During Tuesday's meeting, commissioners heard some complaints about service issues and outages from Suddenlink customers. Officials also voiced their own frustrations. Anybody that's moved to your local office, it's not a pleasant experience. It's not an office. All you do is have some of you go, it's a tale of their pleasure and money. They won't answer a question about nothing. You've got to probably have, you've got to probably have, you've got to probably have, trust me, I went through for about two minutes. And they're not realized about it either. No. Here's a screenshot of a speak test that you can do, and I think we get 50, 50 or 60, or should get 50 or 60, and this is a 0.7 up, it should be up to 450, and then a 7 down, then a 1 up and a 7 down, so very low speeds, and I just want that goes to consumer where everybody else is safer today as well. A representative from Altus was at the meeting and told the commission that the best way for customers to have service issues addressed is to report them to the company. We fix a lot of things because we know about them because we're being told about the issues, other than what they can monitor and see, we can see down to the node. It's past the node and to the pedestal of the house and to the house. We rely on customers to tell us if there's issues. So I think either people don't want to take the time on the phone, or they come to you and complain, but we need to be made aware of it as well. Because it could be an in-house wiring problem that's causing it. It could be a line cut from that node to the house or somewhere in between.  We know it's between here and there, but we need to be made aware of it so that we can go out and fix it. Officials and customers alike at the meeting, however, say they have had a difficult time contacting the company and are subjected to long hold times. Davis said he wasn't satisfied with the answers delivered to the commission about Suddenlink. He says a questionnaire will be sent out to Pockel Suddenlink customers to gather information about their service issues. The questionnaire is an initial step in filing suit against the company. I would say to people, if you're having problems, you need to take the five or ten minutes. It'll take you to fill out the questionnaire and mail it in. Because without that, we can't file a lawsuit saying that we've had millions of dollars and overcharges to people if only a handful of people fill out the form and say they had outages. I'm going to say within the next two weeks, we will probably mail it with a utility bill. So folks should watch that so that'll save us the postage if we send it with our utility bills that all of our customers should get those. The Pockel City Commission took no official action at Tuesday's meeting. In a regular meeting of the Pocke County Fiscal Court, the county's commissioners approved hiring an attorney to provide legal services relative to the Suddenlink situation.


I'm Dr. Bryony Poor, Technology Analyst, covering 3D printing at ID Tech X and I'm joined today by Mr. Dave Barty from RICO Europe. Mr. Barty. Good morning. Good morning. Could you tell me a little bit more about RICO's activities within 3D printing, but also more broadly, what you're up to? Yeah, so RICO is best known as number one in document management and in the cut sheet markets for office digitisation. From that we've got a number of core skills that we've brought out and additive manufacturing is one of those areas where we can implement those skills. So fundamentally, knowledge of toner allows us to manage powder and those powder technologies allow us to use different applications within the additive manufacturing market. The first one of which is behind me and this is laser centering, so we're looking at industrial scale applications for particularly automotive aerospace, but it has spin-offs into healthcare and we're talking here about the ability to do functional prototyping, so not just a one-off, but also small short runs of 10 up to maybe 100 devices. This SLS technology is fundamental to the systems that we sell and these are large scale systems and not desktop, so hence the reason we call it additive manufacturing and not 3D. Absolutely, alright. And these are polyamides that you're using here? We have polyamides, but we also have polypropylene and PBT which we're demonstrating here. So the powder is where we can add value, glass bead technologies, really for more robustness, but also to be able to weld into existing extruded applications or injected moulded applications. The spin-off from this is where we can combine other technologies which is inkjet and additive manufacturing together. A little bit of an example of where you're moving towards? Yes, so this case demonstrates the combination of our print head technology and also of the evolution and revolution of new materials that we are working on in Japan. One of which is this, which is a very tactile method of producing synthetic organs. Synthetic organs is not a morbid application, but it's used primarily for medical training where real body parts are difficult to come by. We can simulate with a cyst, different colours. We can also put the internal workings of an organ together. And you see in the case here, we have another example of the kidney. We have a liver, we have a heart and we also can create hollow structures with veins. And that's for medical training, so catheter training for the livers. You can actually take the 3D CAD and make an MRI of a true patient's dimensions. And that allows the trainee surgeons to practice on something that is far less expensive than a real material. And of course, it's in far better quantity and supply. This maps with print head technology that already exists in the market and if we use a different technology we can then start to work on anti-manufacturing, which is a binder process whereby we're encapsulating glass, ceramic, metal, peak. So heavy engineered or specialist engineering plastics. But we're not damaging the internal parts, so we're not centering it as we produce it. We put an encapsulation around going back to what I was saying about our competence in toner, which is an encapsulated pigment, in this case it's an encapsulated metal glass ceramic, which we then react with an aqueous fluid to create the bond chemically rather than by using heat or laser. So the parts that you would obtain after that would that need to be sintered, to de-bind it away from the aqueous binder or could you use it as is? It depends on what the base material is. With peak the great thing about this is typically when you sinter peak, you have to dispose of all of the waste materials. What we do is take it out, shake it and we can reuse all of the spare materials for it. If it's metal parts we don't sinter it as we produce it. We produce the part first and then we effectively bake it rather than sinter it afterwards. So we're post treating the finished product. Alright, so my final question is what do you think the ID Tech Act shows? Well this is our first time exhibiting at ID Tech Act. I've been here for the last three years and I think it's a great opportunity for us to bring some new applications from R&D to get people the experience of what the market is looking for and to network with people who are potentially partners or even customers for these products. And we can feed that information directly back into our R&D department. So an example of a new product, this is the first time that this has been shown outside of Japan. And what we're looking at here is energy harvest. So we're using a solar die cell which is the red part although we can make different colours, yellows and blues. And we're capturing it either on a solid, such as this. And this is what's powering the turntable just from the ambient light, indoor light. Or we have a flexible application here which could be applied to wearable technologies and more robust applications. And that again is powering the LED. So everything that you see twinkling here is being powered by the operation of the cell. And you have it for sensors, either gas sensors, CO2 sensors, temperature sensors. But also one of the key areas for this is IoT applications where you want to place a sensor but you're never going to change the battery. So you need to be capturing energy all of the time. And with our semiconductor business we also have low level energy management for automotive, for things like key fobs and infotainment. So we have energy harvesting, we also have low level energy management within our cell. And this really is a showcase for this product and to enable us to really gather some market feedback as to where we take it. Well thank you very much for this very informative interview. Thank you.


So in the last video, we looked at atomic propositions and truth relations, and I mentioned but didn't really go into explaining complex propositions. The only thing I said is that complex propositions are composed of atomic propositions. And that's true. Complex propositions are composed of atomic propositions, and at least for this course, what we call logical connectives. Now what a logical connective does, it has meaning, but not in the same way that a subject has meaning or a predicate has meaning. Logical connective has meaning by telling us something in addition to the atomic proposition of the subject of the predicate. For most of these connectives, what it gives us is the truth relation between two atomic propositions. And so we had sufficiency, contrariety, subcontrariety, and excessive. So let's take a look at each of these connectives, or the list of connectives, and take a look at each one in turn. Okay, so I mentioned logical connectives. Now the logical connectives we'll be using, we'll be using a few of them. And some are equivalent, right? But the broad versions for the logical connectives, we have not, or it's false that, either or, or simply or, or unless, right, so we got not, either or, and, that's another connective and, or sometimes the but is used, or however, or although. So not, either or, and, and the last one is if then, and if then could also include only if, or simply if, or given that, right, these are different ways of expressing, or using these logical connectives. Well, let's just try these, yeah, just these, just these kinds, right? So not, and, or, and if then, let's try those four kinds. Now let's start with not. This is, this is, this kind of connective is called a negation. Now remember the last video I made a distinction between an assertion and a, and a denial. And an assertion, if you remember, is the claim that a subject is predicated, right, and described by the predicate. So, let's say the, the tree is green. That's an assertion. The tree is the subject and is green is the predicate and that assertion is true. A denial is the claim that a, an assertion, right, is, is false or that the subject is not so predicated, right? So if I say the tree is not blue, right, that's a denial. That's saying that the, that the atomic proposition, that assertion, the tree is blue, right, that, that's not so. It's not so described. And that's the difference between an assertion and a denial. Well, you know, strictly speaking, denials really don't tell us something about the subject. They tell us what it's not, right, they tell us what it's not. And a negation claims that an atomic, or a proposition is false. So I have the tree is blue. And I can use a couple of different negations for that. I can say it is false that the tree is blue. That's another one. The tree is not blue. These are equivalent in terms of negations. And then those two negations that I use are, it is false that and not, right? Those are two different ways of saying, at least for these purposes, the same thing. And a negation, as I said, negation claims that a proposition is false. So, so a negation is not an atomic proposition, even though there's just the one connective and the one proposition. Atomic is not, excuse me, a negation is not an atomic proposition, right? An atomic proposition is a subject and a predicate. Well, not being something that's not a predicate. Simply says, you know, negation is saying is that it is false that the subject is so predicated when you're dealing with an atomic proposition. You can negate complex propositions too, but let's just start there. Okay, so a negation, we have not, or it is false that, or even non, right? That says that a proposition is false. And a negation itself is true when that proposition is false. Well, I said that most of the time, connectives are used to express truth relations. Well, negation isn't a truth relation. And now I'm going to deal with conjunction. It also doesn't deal with the truth relation. I'm not a liar, just starting with some of these other ones first, all right?  That's a logical, that's a logical connective used often for a conjunction. And what a conjunction says, conjunction does is it, you know, brings together two propositions and it claims that each one is true. Claims that each one is true. So here's a proposition, this tree, or this organism is a tree. This organism is a tree, okay, it's a proposition. Here's another proposition, this organism is short. This organism is short, okay. So each of those is true, right? This is a tree, I think it's true, let's assume it's true. This organism is a tree, that's true, and this organism is short. To express that they're both true, I would say this organism is a tree, and this organism is short. This organism is a tree, and this organism is short, and is the logical connective. Other logical connectives include words like but, and however, and although. Now this might throw you a little bit, because we use the word but for, and however, and although, for a variety of purposes, right? So if I say this tree, this organism is a tree, but this organism is short, that's still a conjunction. That's still the claim that each proposition is true. Usually though the word but is used to express something like surprise, right? So the other subtext is, this organism is short, right? You say this organism is a tree, but this organism is short, and the subtext is, and we thought it'd be tall, that's what we thought of it. Now, so we use the word but to express like surprise, or we thought otherwise. Right. All right, but surprise and thinking otherwise, these aren't logical properties. These are emotional ones. So we're only going to consider that the logical properties with that connective. So this organism is a tree, and this organism is short, is a conjunction. Another one is, this organism is a tree, but this organism is short, is also a conjunction, doing the same thing. This organism is a tree, although this organism is short, right? Or this organism is a tree, however, this organism is short. Or even mix it up a little bit. Although this organism is a tree, this organism is short. Each one has that connective that expresses a conjunction. There might be a little more emotional or rhetorical work going on the background, that's fine, but for a logic course, we're not worried about that. The only thing we're worried about is, and, but, although, and however, are all logical connectives expressing a conjunction. And the conjunction says each of the component propositions, which are called conjuncts, by the way. The component propositions for a conjunction are called conjuncts. Each of the conjuncts is true. Okay, this brings us to either or, or just or. So either or actually does express a truth relation. We finally got there, it's a truth relation. Either or is used for a disjunction. This logical connective creates what's called disjunctions. And disjunctions, their component propositions are called disjuncts. Now, what a disjunction does is it says that the truth relationship subcontrary exists between the component propositions. Subcontrary exists between the component propositions. So we have, I don't know how well you can see this. Try and bring it up close. Here's a proposition. This mineral is chert. Here's another proposition. This mineral is flint. Now, I'm not actually a geologist, but I'm pretty sure it's one of those two. Given my limited knowledge of minerals. So I have the subcontrary relationship between these two propositions. This mineral is chert and this or this mineral is flint. So I say at least one of those is true. Remember what a subcontrary truth relationship is. At least one of the component propositions is true. At least one of the component propositions is true. So I'd use either or. Either this mineral is chert or this mineral is flint. That's one way of saying it. I could simply use or. This mineral is chert or this mineral is flint. There's another one that we've used or that can be used and it might be a little unfamiliar or you might think that that's weird is unless this mineral is chert unless this mineral is flint. Believe it or not, unless also expresses a subcontrary truth relation between those two propositions. Because think about it. If this is not chert, then this is flint. And if this is not flint, then this is chert. That follows from using the word unless. And remember what subcontrary is if one is false, the other is true. And vice versa for subcontrary. Remember that. Okay, so that's disjunction. Use either or. Either this mineral is chert or this mineral is flint. Either this mineral is chert or this mineral is flint. Or just simply say this mineral is chert or this mineral is flint. And finally, this mineral is chert unless this mineral is flint. Any one of those three expresses a subcontrary truth relationship between propositions. Okay, now we have the connective if then. Connective if then. This connective is called a conditional. It has two component propositions, the antecedent and the consequent. Now just a word of warning, the antecedent is not always the first component. And the consequent is not always the second component. A lot of times it is, but not always. So let's just start one, take this one step at a time. We'll just give it that warning right off the bat, right? So what if then expresses is that the truth relationship, a sufficiency, exists from the antecedent to the consequent. From the antecedent to the consequent. Okay, and the antecedent is sufficient for the consequent. That's what makes the antecedent the antecedent. So here we have a proposition. If this organism is a tree, then this organism is a plant. Okay, so we have two propositions. This organism is a tree. That's one component. The second component or the second proposition is this organism is a plant. And with the connective if and then we're saying if this organism is a tree, that's sufficient for then this organism is a plant. There are other ways to express this with kind of variations on the connectives. You could simply use the word if. So I'd say if this organism is a tree, then if this organism is a tree, this organism is a plant. Just skip the then from want to be really cheap with my words. We could also use the component only if or sorry, the connective only if. This organism is a tree, only if this organism is a plant. Now here's where we have to be careful. When you simply have the word if by itself, that indicates that the component proposition that immediately follows is the antecedent. That's sufficient for the other one. So when you have if then or simply if that tells you that the component proposition that immediately follows, that's the antecedent. You can kind of reverse the order of this, right? So if I have this organism is a plant, if this organism is a tree. Notice I kind of change the location of the antecedent. But I'm still using the single word as the connective if for that. Now this is different when you have the connective only if. When you have the connective only if, you're saying the component proposition that immediately follows, that's the consequent. The other component is sufficient for it. So I say, if I say this proposition, this organism is a tree, only if this organism is a plant. This organism is a plant is the consequent. That makes the other component proposition the antecedent. And it'd be really awkward to say it this way. I don't think anybody really writes this way, but you could still write only if this organism is a plant. This organism is a tree. That'd be very awkward. I don't think anybody really does that, but just in case be on the lookout. Still that only if tells you that the component proposition that immediately follows it, that's the consequent. So we have if then, this is a conditional, that kind of complex proposition is a conditional. And it's true when the antecedent is sufficient for the consequent. When the antecedent is sufficient for the consequent. And the antecedent is a part that is sufficient for the consequent. If the connective if by itself that indicates the antecedent, the word then, or the connective only if that indicates the contemplation. Well, if you've been paying attention, we run out of connectives, but we still have two more truth relations to go. You've got necessity and contrariety. Okay, well, what are we going to do? Well, at this point, we start combining connectives. You can combine connectives. You can have a disjunction with that in conditional. You can have a conjunction within a disjunction. You can have a conditional within a disjunction. There's a whole lot of combinations there. We're not going to cover all the combinations. I mean, there's probably literally infinite number of them, but let's leave that aside. In the meantime, though, if we still want to be able to express two more truth relations, necessity and contrariety, well, let's do necessity. Well, like sufficiency, we're going to use a conditional. Now, remember the last scene, I used a tree. I said, if this is a tree, then this is a plant. Now, I can't express necessity the same way. I can't say if this is a plant, then this is a tree. We do this in a lot in English, right? We're very sloppy with our language sometimes when we're expressing conditionals. And this is a big problem, right? This is a big mistake. But we're going to be much more precise in logic. We're going to be much more precise in logic. Instead of trying to use a conditional in the same way to express efficiency and necessity, we're going to use a conditional of negations. Remember what sufficiency is. If the first is true, then the second is true. For a necessity, if the first is false, the second is false. So if this is not a plant, then this is not a tree. So I've got the if then, and the connective is still connecting two propositions, but they're not connecting, the connective is not connecting atomic propositions. It's connecting complex ones, namely negations. So it's a conditional of negations. So if this is a tree, then this is a plant. If this is not a plant, then this is not a tree. So this is a little kind of secret I haven't really mentioned up until now. I might have mentioned it. I can't remember. I might have mentioned it. But these two propositions go hand in hand. If this is a tree, then this is a plant. This expresses the fact that the antecedent, if this is tree, is sufficient for the consequence. Or that the proposition, this is a tree, is sufficient for the consequence. Well, if one proposition is sufficient for a second, the second proposition is necessary for the first. This always, always, always happens. If one proposition is sufficient for a second, the second is necessary for the first. So if we say if this organism is a tree, then this organism is a plant, what's, what follows from that is if this is not a plant, then this is not a tree. This is not a tree. Okay. So, with the first conditional that we dealt with, and this is where it gets a little bit tricky. With the first conditional, if this is a tree, then this is a plant. The antecedent is this is a tree. With the second conditional, if this is not a plant, then this is not a tree. The antecedent is if this is, this is not a plant. So it gets a little, it gets a little weird. When you get the negation thrown in there, things get a little complicated. Things get a little complicated. So, just to sum up, for sufficiency, we use the connective if then, for necessity, we use two connectives, the if then, the if then and not. So sufficiency is if then, necessity is if not, then not. If not, then not. A conditional is used for sufficiency. A conditional of negations is used for necessity. Okay, last truth relation. So we already looked at a bunch of connectives. Not gives us a negation, says that the proposition is false, but or and is a conjunction, tells us the component propositions, the conjuncts are both true. Disjunction, using either or or, says at least one of these is true, and that expresses a subcontrary truth relationship. Looked at conditionals if then, and that expresses a sufficient truth relation from one proposition to the second. We had to combine negation and conditionals, have the conditional negations to give us necessity, and we're going to combine again for contrary. I remember what contrary says, at least one of these propositions is false. And so here we have an organism either. So this organism is a tree is contrary to this organism is a dog, right? It can't something can't be both a tree and a dog. Now again, in English, you might be really tempted to say, well, either this is a tree or this is a dog. Well, okay, I mean, maybe the maybe that subcontrary relationship holds, and it sure seems false that if it's false that it's a tree, then that's not going to work. But it's definitely contrary. Now to express that it's contrary, right? To express this contrary, we'll use the negations. Either this is not a tree or this is not a dog. That's claiming at least one of those is false. Subcontraries claiming at least one is true. With contrary, we combine the negations with the disjunction. We got at least one of these is false. Either this is not a tree or this is not a dog. Okay, so that's the last truth relation. We use either or to express subcontrary, if then to express sufficiency, if not, then not to express necessity, and either not or not to express contrariety. Now if you've been paying attention, there's still different combinations of connectives that we can use, right? We can have negations of conjunctions. We can have a conjunction of negations. We have a disjunction of negations. Well, we have a negation of disjunctions. We can have a negation of conditionals. We can have a disjunction with only one negated disjunct. We have a conjunction with only one negated conjunct. We can have a condition with only one where they can negate it into sedentary. We can have a condition with a negated consequent, right? There's all kinds of combinations. Like I said, you start combining this. You could literally have an infinite set of combinations. We're not going to get to all the infinite set. We're going to get to other ones later. For now, we just want to worry about which truth relation, our simple truth relations, and how to express them using the connectives. So, again, just to sum up, we got negation, which says the component proposition falls. We got conjunction, which says each of the component propositions is true. We got disjunction, which says each of the disjuncts is subcontrary to each other. We've got conditional, which claims that the antecedent is sufficient for the second. Expressing sufficiency, we got negation. We're the negated antecedent. This gets confusing. But a conditional negations, which expresses necessity, and a disjunction of negations, which expresses subcontrary. It's a mouthful, all at once. Don't worry, with some practice, you're going to understand what's going on. You'll be able to spot it pretty easy. Having said that, let's look at some sample problems. So the first kind of problem you're going to deal with, you're going to be given a proposition, a complex proposition, and you're going to identify the truth relationship that's expressed between the component propositions. So you're given a proposition, you identify the truth relation.  And it looks somewhat familiar.   So here's the problem. What truth relationship is expressed between the component propositions? Okay. So first step, identify the component propositions. So taking a quick look at it, you'll try to identify the connectives. So you probably identify the connectives real quick, but you're looking for the subject and the predicate. Well, that dog is a husky, is one component proposition, and that dog is a malamute, is the other component proposition. Now, this is just going to save you in the long run. Ask yourself, okay, I'm looking at that component proposition. Is it a negation? No. There's no negation here. A negation would be that dog is not a husky, or that dog is not a malamute. That would be a negation, but you don't have that here. So since there's no negations, you can set that aside. There's no negations.  So the second step, well, what is the connective? Well, you've identified the component propositions. The connective is not if then. That gives us sufficiency. Now we have an either or, and since we have an either or without any negations, the truth relationship expressed there is subcontrary. It's probably going to help to keep a, you know, running list in your head, the different truth relationships, and how you express them using connectives. So subcontrary either or sufficiency, if then, necessity, if not, then not. And contrary, either not or not. To keep that in mind, it's going to help you zip through these problems really fast. And you can take those steps. So I look at the identify the component propositions, figure out whether the negations, if they're not, look for the connective. If there is a negation, look for the connective, and that'll tell you the rest of the problem. So if the problem had been either that is not a husky, or that is not a malamute, that would express contrary. If it had been some, well, I gotta go on further examples, you practice with that problem. So this is the first kind of problem. You give it a proposition, and you identify the truth relationship. Okay, the first kind of problem gave you a proposition, and you are supposed to identify the truth relationship expressed by that complex proposition. The second kind of problem gives you a truth relationship, and you identify which complex proposition expresses that truth relationship. And you're gonna give you four of them. Okay, so let's look at the first one. There will not be a party unless there are no dishes in the sink.  Okay, you're trying to throw a party, there will not be a party unless there's no dishes. All right, so let's look at these component propositions. That's the first thing, identify the component propositions. There will be no party, as one, and there are no dishes in the sink, as another. Now, right away, ask yourself, are these negations? And they are, right? There will not be a party as a negation. It's a negation for the atomic proposition. There will be a party. There are no dishes in the sink as a negation. It's a negation for the atomic proposition. There are dishes in the sink. So there are the component propositions, there will not be a party, and the other one is there are no dishes in the sink. Okay, so we've got the negations, and since we're asking for subcontrary, we already know this one isn't gonna do it. Well, let's identify the truth relationship for that proposition anyway. So what's the connective? The connective is unless. Unless. So we got that disjunction. The unless is used for disjunction, and since we got negations here, this is a disjunction of negations. So the truth relationship expressed for that complex proposition is contrary. It's contrary, or contrariety, right? It's contrary. There will not be a party as contrary to there are no dishes in the sink. Okay. Well, let's try another one. If you are enrolled at San Antonio College, then you are a student. So the first step, identify the component propositions. And when we start looking for the subject and the predicate, the component propositions are you are enrolled at San Antonio College, that's one component. The second component proposition is you are a student. Okay. Are these negations? No. These are not negations, right? You are enrolled at San Antonio College is a subject and a predicate. You is the subject are enrolled in San Antonio College is the predicate. Same thing with you and student. So we don't have negations here. Do we have a subcontrary truth relationship? Well, what's the connective? Well, the connective is if then. Well, that's not subcontrary. That's sufficiency. All right. So that connective says you are enrolled at San Antonio College is sufficient for you are a student. If it's true, you're enrolled at San Antonio College is true that you are a student. Okay. So that's the second proposition. That's sufficient, but we're looking for subcontrary. Let's try a third proposition. If, sorry, a belief is not a belief is not proven only if the belief is not a fact. A belief is not proven only if a belief is not a fact. All right. Well, let's identify the component propositions. One component proposition is a belief is not proven. The other component proposition is a belief is not a fact. Do we have negations here? Yes, we do. A belief is not proven is the negation for the atomic proposition or belief is proven. A belief is not a fact is the negation of the atomic proposition or belief is a fact. So the component propositions are negations and since it's subcontrary relationship doesn't involve negations, we already know this isn't ours. Well, let's identify it anyway. So what's the other connective? We have the negations. What's the other connective? Well, it's only if. All right. So we have a conditional of negations here and a conditional of negations and only if is the is the consequent there. Okay. So this expresses necessity. This expresses necessity. And we're looking for a subcontrary so this isn't it. All right. So we've eliminated those three. There's only one more to go. It's a pretty sure about this last one's gonna be contrary. Well, let's take a close look at it anyway, just so, you know, we could talk our way through it. All right. So either it is going to rain or it is going to hail, right? And given the cloudy conditions of today, that proposition is becoming ever more relevant to my situation. Okay. So let's look at the component propositions. What are they? It is going to rain. That is one. It is going to hail. That's the other. All right. Are these negations? No, they're not, right? It is going to rain is an atomic proposition. It is going to hail is another atomic proposition. We have two component propositions here. They're not the one's negation. So we're in the running. Well, what's the connective? Well, it's not and. And it's not if then, right? It's either or. Well, this expresses the subcontrary truth relationship between these two component propositions. So it's this last answer. This last option, that's the answer. So we've got two kinds of problems for this chapter. We've given a proposition. You have to identify the truth relationship. Then you're given a truth relationship. You have to identify which complex proposition expresses that truth relationship. Okay. Well, that's the end of this video. We've taken a look at complex propositions and truth relationships and how to express these truth relationships using these complex propositions, using the logical connectives, and even a couple of other complex propositions that aren't that don't express truth relationships, but they're useful. Nevertheless, we've even looked at a couple of sample problems. So good luck on the quizzes. I'll talk with you next time. Keep thinking.


What is a course? A course in Moodle is basically a space on the Moodle site where one or more teachers can add learning resources and activities for their students. What your course might look like as a teacher will depend partly on the chosen theme and settings of your administrator, but you can usually expect to see blocks, for example here on the right hand side, but yours might be on the left or on both sides of the larger central area here where the actual teaching and learning resources will be added. In this course there are numbered topics, but if we look at a different course, which is still Moodle but has a different theme, you can see that these are divided into weekly sections and there are blocks on the right and on the left. In another video we'll look at the use of these blocks. In order to add learning resources you need to have the editing turned on and you can do this either by clicking the button top right or by going to your administration block and clicking the link turn editing on. This then displays an edit menu next to each resource for editing the settings, deleting, duplicating, hiding etc. Over here is my announcements forum. And if I wish to move it into a different topic section, I click the cross hairs icon and I can move it up or down by dragging and dropping. If you aren't able to move by dragging and dropping then it's worth asking your administrator to check your browser settings and the Moodle site settings. In order to add files, documents or activities for your students you need to click the link add an activity or resource in the section where you'd like them to appear. It doesn't matter if you choose the wrong section by mistake because it's always possible to move them afterwards. When you click add an activity or resource this displays Moodle's activity chooser which then allows you to choose what you would like to add. And we'll look at this in a separate video. If you don't see the link add an activity or resource it might be because it hasn't been turned on in your course, in which case you can check in your administration block, activity chooser or again ask your Moodle admin to check your settings. In the next video we look at how you can change the name and the layout of your Moodle course.


There's no greater joy in the world than talking with people. I know a lot of people probably think I'm some sort of social recluse because of that one video I made about social anxiety.  But smeltop. I can't stand smeltop. It's such a waste of time. Hey, how are you? Oh, I'm doing good. How are you? Oh, I'm doing good. Okay, bye. Smeltop isn't the same as actually speaking to someone.  The information you gather, the emotions that you felt on your life journey, right? I think what it is is that a lot of people are afraid of sharing too much information and ended up looking like a weirdo. Now, oh, if I talk for more than two minutes, people will realize how uninteresting I am. Listen to me, buddy. All right, listen, calm down.  Smeltop just feels like you're walking around in circles, like a maze of nothingness. Smeltop makes me feel much worse than no talk at all. If someone passed me without saying anything, I feel a lot better. I feel so much better. But when someone's just talking to you as a courtesy, it's like, hey, I'm talking to you because I have to.   That's somebody I need to hang out with. They had enough respect for me to show me that they have no respect for me. That's right.  They probably don't even know your name. The only difference about the people that don't respond is that they're at least being honest about it. But the next time someone tries to start some small talk with me, I'ma trap them. I'ma tell them exactly how I feel. No more of that, hey, working hard or hardly working. I'ma just walk up to them and be like, hey, what's up, man? Oh, hey, how you doing? I'm going home and ending my life right after this conversation. The longer I get to stay on this planet. Why does this always happen to me? Yeah. Yeah.  How do you ever make do with the conversation? Hey, kneecaps here. I know you guys are probably wondering, where have you been all this time? Well, luckily for you, I have the video on my second channel.  But, yeah, that's pretty much it. Bye-bye.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasewrakes.com coming at you with another random number block randomizer for the these following teams right here Steelers Falcons chiefs commanders Packers Cowboys bangles and Ravens Big thanks to this group right here for making it happen Mark and Chris Get last bomb oh Joe to Chris now we only sold eight spots outright We're giving away two spots. So a little buy one get one chance after six and a six 12 times. Come on ram.org. I don't have time for 12 at this point of the night All right, there we go Chris a little buy one get one opportunity for you after 12 All right, those are the numbers right there. They're the name.  That's a lot better. See ram dollar paying attention to me one and two and then two times right here Got five down to four All right, so mark you got five Chris you have the rest. Let's order these numerically So mark you're still within train whistle number here and here are the teams that are involved In this break All right, we'll see you in the next video for the break jaskiescasewrakes.com


What is that everybody? Jason here for jaspyscasebrakes.com We just sold out jaspys three box spring training frenzy mixer number four again You get two random teams each and it's featuring a 2022 bowman jumbo box guys that has Ellie Della cruise first Some Jackson chareels, which is the number two prospecting baseball James Wood And then of course much much more and after the first break with random team number two We started a fresh case for this and of course luminaries and a box of a mac at it So here we go. Here's the dice roll. Here's the customer names and the teams now We're gonna double up the names since it is two random teams each well Should make it a total of 30 We're gonna click the dice roll One of the six lucky number seventh One two three four five six seven seven times seven times Eric down to David Seven times one two three four five six Seven times seven times Tigers down in the Miami Marlins All right, so there you go seven times seven times Eric get the Tigers and Cubs John with the White Sox and Brewers Arab of the Nationals David the Red Sox Eugene with the A's John with the Diamondbacks Pirates Rangers Blue Jays Mariners David the Angels John with the Padres Giants Cardinals as well as the Rockies Robert with the Mets Eugene with the Orioles John with the Reds Eugene with the Rays and Guardians David with the Rays Eric with the Yankees Robert with the Twins John with the Dodgers Eric with the Astros John with the Royals Eric with the Phillies and then David with the Marlins Yes, no training Okie-dokie. I got we're gonna go the jumbo first see we got here guys. Good luck. That's gonna be Mason Albright for the Angels David Johnson, and we got Gary Mitchell at 399 Massimo Acosta to 250 Texas Rangers and we got Taj Bradley for TB to 299 who I believe is also a rookie already to in some products either in 2023 or 2024 I forgot which one it was TB that is going to Eugene there's Jackson Churio There's Ali. I should have one more autograph fighting over here somewhere Sometimes they're stuck together, but I wasn't stuck You're beyond to this So 299 and then we got a Jason. It's another way to spell Jason right there Santana That's going to the Chicago Cubs When Eric to Adelaide number one prospect Martin Jevenus We got Gavin sheets were gated to 50 purple paper White Sox ready John Jackson Churio paper All right and not the craziest autographs in this one either, but Yeah, we have another one. It's got to be some big boxes lurking Hello, Todd Bradley, you know already in the league All right, here we go. I'm Brady house for Washington to 25 Washington is Eric Wilmer floor is for Detroit to 49 Tigers is also Eric. I feel like Eric you've been doing really well with with these boxes like immaculate has been really good to you At least in the two breaks out the day Drew Romo for Colorado What a John to 35 Got a Jeff Bagwell for Houston Ash is going to Eric of course going to Houston as well Then we have Ruffella to 49 three color patch and autograph for the Red Sox when it David and last one here's a redemption and It's a dual material signature red Nice How about a dual autograph that features Jordan Walker and one Ben Cho Which should be both for the St. Louis Cardinals And that Jordan Walker technically would be a rookie to type in See what the checklist is But I'm pretty sure that's both Cardinals Yeah, both for the St. Louis Cardinals There you go, and that St. Louis Cardinals hit is gonna go to John Jackson last bomb mojo as well That was your last bomb mojo team and red is actually out of At a 49 or less nice hit We're gonna end that box And now time for the luminaries All right, here we go. Looks like it says out of 15 and it's sandy Alcantara for the Marlins Miami David Johnson With the hit there There you go guys That was the breakola guys. So Sadie Alcantara got a duel there Ruffella Romo There you go could have been a little bit better I feel like on that luminaries, but hey a hit is a hit and Appreciate you guys like I said I posted up another one that might be our last one guys I don't think we have any more boxes of either immaculate luminaries after that. So Give it a shot guys appreciate it. Jasper's case breaks.com


Well, I want to say that on November 10th, when Ken passed on to all of us, it was also Arthur Rambo's 110th anniversary of also leaving, and I want to lead us into a chant, really, further. I want everyone to sing further! Further! Further! Further! Further! Allow! Further! Further! Alive, Alive, Alive, Alive


Hello, and thank you for joining me. Today we're gonna be looking at a little bit of the list command, the LS command, which lists the file and directories. Of course, we can do something like this and say list all PDFs or all PNGs or all things starting with cats. You know the basics of that. Let's say I wanna show everything but a certain match. Let's say I wanna show everything but files that start with a cat or I wanna show all files that aren't PNG files. How do I go about that? Well, there's two different ways. Of course, with pretty much every command in your shell, you should be able to type in man LS and find out a, find a manual file here. And if we search for here, there is a command that is the dash dash hide pattern. So do not list implied entries matching shell patterns. This will be all written by dash A and dash A. So let's go ahead and give that a try. So I can say LS dash hide equals and I'll say dot PNG. So now it should list all files but the PNG files. Great. I can do the same thing with PDF files. It will ignore all PDF files and I should be able to say all cat files, ignore those or at least ignore all dot cat, cat.jpeg files. So we should still get our PNG files to have cat. So that's using the built in hide command. But real quick, I'll touch on another thing that I probably should do a whole video on but that is called globbing. So to enable globbing and bash, we're gonna type in shopt dash s and we're gonna say ext glob. And once you do that, now globbing is enabled. So what we can do here now is we can also, we can do list and then we can do exclamation mark and then inside parentheses here say dot jpeg and it will ignore all dot jpegs. We can say ignore all cat jpegs and it will ignore those. We can say ignore all files that have cat at the beginning. We can ignore all files that have at anywhere in them. But you can also globbing do something like this. I can say ignore all dot jpegs, pipe symbol and dot PNG files. So now we'll list everything except for jpegs and PNGs. We can also say to ignore all dot gif or jif files. So now we're just looking at these PDF files. So that's globbing and again, I can do a whole video on that. I might at some point, but if you ever see something like this in a shell command, it's probably globbing.  So now if I try to run that, yeah, it's not going to work. So you have to enable globbing and globbing is very useful in using a lot of times, but I just want to go over basic list command to invert those lists. So again, the built in command for list would be the dash dash hide. So we have that. And then there's also globbing. Once globbing has turned on, you can do something like that. Anyway, that was just a quick overview of reversing that search. I thank you for watching. And as always, I hope that you have a great day. Visit filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris of the Cave. There's a link in the description. Have a great day.


Hi this is Jennifer Gonzalez for Cult of Pedagogy. I am going to share with you today a strategy called Distract the Distractor. This is a way of dealing with off-task behavior in your students. It is appropriate for high school, middle school, elementary school, college teaching, corporate training. If you're working with a group of people and you need them to stay on task with something, this is a way of dealing with the off-task behavior quickly in a way that saves time, doesn't distract the rest of the class and avoids lots of larger discipline issues. So here's what it is. Let's look at an example.  You're going through them one at a time and you've got one student in the back of the class who is whispering to the girl next to her. So there's a high tension way of dealing with this by calling her out in front of everybody and saying Jane, stop talking. If Jane is the kind of kid who responds with hostility to something like this, then she might talk back and say I wasn't talking and why are you always picking on me and it can escalate and escalate into a big power struggle where you write her an office referral and she gets in trouble for defiance and it can turn into a whole big thing. So that's something you want to avoid. You could redirect her and just say Jane, let's get refocused. She could react the same way. Some teachers respond to things like this with silence and that's very effective actually to just stop what you're doing and the silence generally gets everybody's attention and makes those who are doing something they're not supposed to do realize oh she notices I better stop. So silence is helpful. It's really good but the only disadvantage to it is that it can pull everybody else's attention away from the work also. You've got a good flow going with everybody else except for one or two kids and to stop that prickling sensation of something is wrong that comes over everybody. Everybody's wondering what did I do and they start looking around to see who's causing the problem and so it can slow down a really nice flow that you have with everybody else. So with distract the distractor you save even more time and you've got no tension. So here's what distract the distractor is. You've got Jane talking to her friend. You simply ask her a content based question to get her back into the lesson. So you could just say to her Jane what did you get for number five and that pulls her attention away from the talking. All the attention is on her but it isn't the kind of attention that says ooh you were talking you're in trouble. It's just you're acting as if she was engaged the whole time. This preserves her dignity. It preserves your relationship with her. It keeps the flow of the class going and it avoids all the big power struggles that come with some of the other approaches. Here's a big key though. The question you ask must be something that you know she can answer. So it should be something pretty easy. If you're not sure if she got number five or if you're thinking number five her answer might be wrong then have her just read number five. Say Jane can you just tell it you know go ahead and read it so we're all you know looking at the same problem. Just any kind of a content based task for question that you know she can do because we're not trying to embarrass that again it leads to the problem or the power struggles. I should note before I go that this term distract the distractor. I've been using the technique for years but I just found it online the other day and I thought it was really catchy and it comes from a book called Opportunities and Options in Classroom Management. The authors are Patricia Kyle and Lawrence Rojien and I will put a link to that book below this video. So the next time you have a student who is day dreaming or talking or fooling around or texting instead of using an approach that you've tried already consider trying to distract the distractor instead and see how it goes. Good luck. Thanks for watching. Have a great day. Hey don't go yet. We have got a ton of other great videos to watch. There are videos on instructional strategies on classroom management and lots of other videos for teachers so subscribe to the channel and you will be notified every time we put up a new video. Once you're done watching videos come on over to our website at www.cultipedagogy.com and you are going to find a ton of other stuff that you're going to love. Thanks so much for visiting and watching and have a great day.