In the last module, we stopped with a very brief discussion of chart pulse amplification. As you know, for many applications like pump probe, which is one of the more simple applications of lasers, we cannot work with the output of a titanium sapphire oscillator because the pulse energy of nanodules is attacked too low. So, we have to find a way of amplifying the pulse and the way it is done is called chart pulse amplification. We are going to try to discuss chart pulse amplification in the next two or three modules. This is the scheme of chart pulse amplification. I think this was the last slide more or less of the last module anyway. So, there we said that last year's Nobel Prize in Physics was in two parts. One for optical tweezers. The second one was for Gerard Moreau and Donna Strickland's work on chart pulse amplification. So, I strongly recommend you to read these or see these videos or do both. The YouTube videos that are listed here, they are the Nobel lectures of Moreau and Strickland. This optics communications paper is one of the original, one of the very few original papers of these two Nobel audience published together on this technique and well these two actually. Optics Communications and IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, these are two papers which reported for the first time their work in this field and these two papers on reviews of modern physics published earlier this year, they contain, they are basically the paper form of the Nobel lecture they delivered last year. So, two and one more paper that you should read is this one on chart pulse amplification this is very nice review by our high power ultrafast lasers by Captain Murnen and other workers it was published way back in 1998 in review of scientific instruments but it provides a good idea of what we are going to discuss now. In fact it provides a good idea of what we are going to discuss now and also things that we are not going to discuss. So, what we will do is we will keep it very qualitative we will try to draw pictures and show how things happen and try to develop a physical insight rather than stressing too much on the math rather than stressing the math at all in the next two, three modules but there is actually lot of calculation, lot of physics, lot of optics that is required you do not have to study all but you should be aware that it is not just heat and go trial and error nothing like that a lot of design a lot of theory has gone into this kind of work right. So, when we say we want to amplify from nanojoule to Mirageau we can think very simplistically that we have an oscillator which we have discussed in one of the earlier modules titanium sapphire oscillator or some other oscillator that gives you femtosecond pulses we are going to maybe feed it into something like an amplifier which will give us the desired ultra short but amplified pulse but it is not so easily done it is not so easily done because in the amplifier typically what one would try to do as we are going to discuss later in the next module definitely not this one is the way you try to do it is you try to feed the output of an oscillator into a gain medium say another Tysaphire crystal which is pumped by a green laser. Now if you are going to put in the ultra short pulse then as you yourselves have calculated few weeks ago a lot of energy goes into the system in a very small amount of time and then we have talked about thermal lensing it is the intense part of the beam that gets focused. So, in a very short amount of time a lot of energy impinges on a very small region of space. So, if you try to do direct amplification like what is sort of shown in the scheme then it is very highly unlikely that you are not going to cause damage to the optics and say optics the piece of optics that I have in my mind more than anything else is that Isaphire crystal in the amplifier itself that is going to burn. So, you have to somehow find a way of spreading out the energy of the oscillator before you can feed it into the amplifier. So, the way it is done following the method of the Nobel laureates is that you have the output of an oscillator first of all try and stretch it and we know already what is an easy way of stretching a pulse because it was already there right remember when we discussed at the time sapphire laser we had said that when you produce an ultrashot pulse by thermal lensing the good thing is that thermal lensing gives you an ultrashot pulse. The bad thing is since you have a special variation of refractive index it acts as a lens you also have something called chirping different wavelengths travel at different speeds and that causes a broadening of pulse so that is something is already there and so far we have seen it as a hindrance. The beauty of charge pulse amplification is that this apparent hindrance has been made use of converted to an advantage and it has been used in amplification. So, first of all in a stretcher what you do is you produce a charped pulse so now see if you look at of these are all schematic but then if you look at this ultrashot pulse on the oscillator and if you look at this stretched pulse output of a stretcher even visually what is the difference that you see it can be a little confusing because I have drawn this in red but here you can see that this part is blue and this part is red right and x axis is time which means away what I have done is I have made red light travel shorter distance somehow so it leads and the blue light trails right that is one aspect what is another aspect you see the other obvious relationship between the uncharped pulse and the charped pulse typically this would be some tens of femtosecond and the charped pulse would be something like 200 picosecond will you agree with me if I say that the area under this pulse and this pulse should be the same what is area number of photons is not it. So number of photons is the same it is just that I spread it out over a longer time then what happens that then in a very small amount of time a lot of energy does not engage on the crystal right. So if I can stretch the pulse by introducing chirp then the resultant chirp pulse which is long is not going to damage the crystal so much. So what you do is you feed this into an amplifier and then the amplified pulse is also chirped now the areas are of course not the same this area is many times more than the area under this curve but the property that is conserved is the chirping see the leading edge is still red the trailing edge is still blue and then when this chirp pulse is compressed then you get the desired ultra short chirp free pulse okay this is the scheme of things so our job in the next 2 or 3 modules is to understand how this is done. So to start with in this module we are trying to discuss how stretching and compressing is done actual amplification will come in the next module. So if I have a pulse of light and I want different colors in the pulse to spread out what is the easiest way of doing it okay forget about time if I want to have a mixture of colors of course by now you know that the pulse consists of many modes that are locked together right. So that is why an ultra short pulse is always a broadband pulse shorter the pulse broader is the band and then that transform limiting factor is there. My question is what happens or how do you make this different how do you separate these different colors from each other forget about time let us talk in space that is very easy isn't it use a grating then different colors will go different ways and then if I put a mirror in such a way that path length of red is more than that of blue or path length of blue is more than that of red then my job is done. So there are several designs that one can think of I will start with this pulse stretcher or pulse compressor using a single grating a concave mirror and a plane mirror okay this is the design of the laser that I had used as a post doc long ago but more or less this design is still used in many places and as we will see in the next few minutes it does get more complicated from here okay. So let us say we have this and then this pulse goes in this part is very simple okay the red on in red and red on in blue and see this angle of grating is also important whether you put it this way or that way okay by selecting the parameters the generally in this kind of a setup what you do is you introduce a negative chart negative chart means smaller frequencies lesser energies trail and larger frequencies lead that means blue has a shorter path length red has a longer path length and if you just look at the length of the arrows that is achieved already okay but the problem now is that it is dispersed in space it will be difficult to handle you have to somehow get it back and make a beam how do you do that you do that with the help of the plane mirror so the way it is placed is that this grating is at the focus of the concave mirror okay this point is in the focal plane of the concave mirror so now what will be the fate of this diverging beam which is specially dispersed after hitting the concave mirror the blue as well as the red both the beams have come from the focus of the concave mirror what will be the path after hitting the concave mirror points from a focus after hitting concave mirror what happened to them raised from a focus sorry raised from the focal point yeah then become a parallel beam the only difference between this parallel beam and the parallel beams that we usually study is that in the usual parallel beams the color is same throughout here it is not the case this is what will happen then you put in this plane mirror okay now how do you put the plane that is important you can put like this normal incident if you do it in normal incidence the good thing is that the rays will retrace their paths okay and then they will get focused on the grating again and it will go out in the same direction as the incoming beam right people do that but then there is a problem the problem is how do you separate the outgoing beam from the incoming beam so you have to use in that case something called an optical isolator will not discuss optical isolator right now because there is an easier way of circumventing this problem and the way is this what you see here is the top view right it is in top view now let us see the side view right earlier we are looking from here now we look from this side how do the beams hit the plane mirror like this like this the two beams hit like this so what will be the direction of the beams that come out like this okay of course I am it is not so easy maybe this is easier I can make these two fingers parallel hit like this and go like this okay this is how they will go so if you look from the top what will happen looking from the top this is input this is output it look like the same direction but the good thing is they are vertically separated so you do not need any optical isolator okay so they come back from the top you think that it is retracing its path but actually it is not all right I hope you understand the color code the stretched beam is chart so that is what is shown in gradation of colors red trailing blue leading and again if you take a side view in this region then it is like this do you see the incoming beam incoming beam is lower outgoing chart beam is higher now it is very it is a very simple matter to take the beam out right I put a mirror like this a mirror that does not block the path of the incoming beam okay so put a mirror here and the chart stretch beam can go in whatever direction you need it to go so this is the design of a pulse stretcher using a single grating do you have any question simple right now let me ask something what kind of chart is this this is negative chart right suppose my input beam a same input beam is a positively chart beam then what will happen here the discussion is that the input beam is an uncharped ultra short pulse now I am saying the input beam is not an ultra short uncharped pulse it is a chart pulse with positive chart then what will happen provided the amount of charting induced is exactly equal in magnitude to the amount of charting that was there in the incoming beam so in the same design one could make a compressor it all depends on what is going in but see it is easier said than done it is very easy for me to draw this and say that this is what it is going to happen stretching okay you can still do it but the moment you try to compress then you have to be very careful that you should compensate exactly for the amount of charting induced in the stretcher that is where a very intricate and careful calculation comes in because if you compensate too less there is still be some chart left and if you compensate too much then will then what will happen then again you will have a chart beam is it not it is just a positive chart chart will change to negative chart is it understood so you have in the stretcher let us say blue is going first blue is leading and red is trailing now I put in a compressor which will make blue go through a bigger path distance that path distance has to exactly compensate for the lead it had taken on red if it the if that compensation is too little you will still have some chart left if you overcompensate then it will now turn head on now red will lead and blue will follow and you still not have an ultra short pulse in fact sometimes it happens and it all depends on what kind of application your work is on if you need a very short output for our kind of experiments we are happy with the 50 femtosecond pulse but there are applications where you might need say 10 femtosecond pulse there it is not so easy to get an exact compensation by using a stretcher compressor combined in that case you will see in those experiments if you see a block diagram of their apparatus you will see they use additional prism pairs outside the cavity to compensate for whatever residual chart is there of course you have to know what amount of chart is there then only you can compensate for it so sometimes just what is there in the box is not sufficient you might have to do a little more okay so this is the simplest possible design I can think of suppose you want a greater pulse what kind of path difference will we need I have a 10 femtosecond pulse I want to make it 200 picosecond 200 picosecond translates to what length 1 nanosecond that we all remember right 1 nanosecond 1 foot 1 nanosecond is equivalent to 30 centimeter so 0.2 nanosecond is equivalent to what kind of 0.2 into 30 how much is that 6 centimeter right so see it is not very small if you really want a 200 picosecond pulse this one round trip may not be enough because you want a path difference between this blue and red beam you want the path difference of 6 centimeter so that means your stretcher has to be really very long right only if these beams travel at least a couple of meters can you think about having a path difference of 6 centimeter is it not so then the stretcher has to be really very long and usually space is always at premium so many times what you do is you introduce additional optics by which you make multiple passes and each pass introduces some additional chart so multiple passes are often required to get a pulse stretching to a desired extent okay so with that we will close this module and we will come back in the next one and start from this slide


All right guys, this is Rich from Rich to be live. I'm in beautiful British Columbia You can see downtown Vancouver see the mountains and the ocean view pretty cool, right? So I just heard that Aurora cannabis is planning to doing a reverse split saw an article on seeking alpha explaining why they have to do a reverse split to maintain their position on the senior exchange and to reduce their Share structure tighten their flow to tighten their share structure reduce the the Issues that they have with dilution What do you guys think about that as a shareholder of Aurora cannabis? I don't think it's a good idea I wouldn't like it at all. It would definitely be a step in the wrong direction However, I'm not gonna say that after they do a reverse. I wouldn't buy the stock I think it sucks for anyone who's holding the stock, but I think after the reverse it might actually be better for the company because they do have a lot of issues with dilution And if they did a 10 to 1 they go from a hundred and sort of 1.1 billion shares to a hundred and 10 million shares The share price would go from wherever it's at like a dollar 80 Canadian to I think it's a dollar 80 Canadian I don't know last time I looked it go from like a dollar 80 Canadian to like 1180 Canadian So it'd be very interesting to see what happens I'm not a huge fan of reverse splits I don't think it would be good and I know shareholders wouldn't like it, but they may have no choice What do you guys think Aurora cannabis the news is that they are considering a reverse split? Do you think that this is going to happen? You think this is good news? Do you think this is bad news? Please let me know comment down below.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jasperyscasebrake.com 2022, Tops Chrome Ben Baller Edition just sold out. This is a 12 box case break, pick your teams number two. And again guys, I really do love this Ben Baller this year. I love the black borders, the cars look very clean. Remember all cars ship, of course, there is no guaranteed autographs per box. There is chances at autographs throughout the case and hopefully we get one of those. But be sure to keep an eye out on the rare and icy Ben Baller Chrome autographs feature the top stars and rookies throughout the league. So, here we go. So there's everybody that bought in, this is for pick your team number two. Double last one for Brian. Getting the last two teams, their guardians and twins. And there's everybody there. There's another 12 box case up on the website already. So, somebody wants to run it back, we can. Now what I'm gonna do guys is rip through the first six, we'll go through the cars and then we'll root the next six. Well first of all it was like a hundred of four boxes actually, decons. And second, it actually really picked up after the first 50. He got like three or four Elijah Green number cards, he got one Jackson Holiday. We got two one-o-ones, the little pads. One-o-ones ended up being pretty good. I mean for him, he has a huge eBay store, he rips and flips and I mean he has a crazy collection of Bowman stuff. So I mean, I'm pretty sure he can make up a lot of it back. But you know, I think for him it's just, he's chasing just some of those bigger cards and another way to get those cards is by ribbon boxes. I don't know on a scale of one to 10 though, he probably got like six, a six maybe? Cause a couple of those Jackson holidays do add up. He got like 10 of those. And then of course, you know, the number Jackson Holiday, he got like three or four Elijah Greens. We got like one Tamar Johnson. That Jet Williams purple to 10 was really, really nice. He got like six or seven different reds, two one-o-ones. But yeah, I mean, if you're trying to count the amount of money, probably he's gonna do well. But well enough for what he purchased. What's up, Jason? How you doing today, buddy? There was one case though that was just massive. It had like two Elijah Greens numbered cards that had the Jackson Holiday and it had a one-on-one. That was the case of all cases there. I have not. I've only pulled a couple Julio numbered cards. I only actually ripped about like four or five boxes of Ben Baller yesterday. I didn't actually get to rip a whole case. So this will be my first case break per se. Yeah, I've seen it. I think it went to Tristan last night, yeah. This Ben Baller this year is probably the best design they've had out of the first couple of years. I didn't even need to stick to black border. Something just above the black, it just pops. Yeah, you usually get one or two autos in a case. It's really tough to get an auto though. Let's ride, Pizzle. You know it. Come on, one more box, guys. And then we'll rip through the first six. With Junior, little Dyca 14 out of 50 where the Kansas City Royals been a mark. And we got the Tautis there. Freddie Freeman, Braves Edition, number to 50. Dylan Carlson, number to 75. And a little Showtime, Shohei Otani, number to 75. And Connor Wong, number to 25. Yeah, this is the best Ben Baller yet, man, honestly. It requires Harper, Dyca, and a little Walker Bueller for the Dodgers, 275. So you get about maybe, what, four to seven? One, two, three, four, five, yeah. I've seen on average between four to six, four to seven numbered cards. Some boxes have a lot of numbered cards. Some boxes have at least four. It all just depends. You have a Francisco Lindore. That is out of 50. Aaron Judge, little Dyca. Gansby Swanson, out of 99. Tautis, number to 25, Dyca. Podger's going to Steve Locke. Mike Traut, this is the right and low insert. Emanuel Rivera, rookie green, number to 99 for Kansas City. And how about a little Vladdy Junior autograph? Um, Toronto Blue just went ahead. That is 35 of 50. Very nice. There's Vladdy Junior there again. Number to 25 that time. Tyler Stevenson, number to 75. All right, here we go, next one. O'Neill Cruz, Zach Sharks, number to 99. O'Neill Cruz again. Freddie Freeman, Dyca. Spencer Torkelson, there you go. Nice one there for Detroit, Steven with that one. That's 18 out of 25. Well, time for hip hacks. There is no time, man. We have to sell it out first. We didn't sell all 35 first. So we have like 13 to go plus some fillers. Once they all sell out, then we can do the hip hacks. But this isn't like the hip hacks on Instagram where you buy a pack, you pick your number. This is a random pack break. So you have to wait for all the hip hacks to sell out first. Matt Chapman. So it could be in the next hour. It could be in three hours, four hours. Could be tomorrow. It's just whenever it sells out. Bobby Wood Jr. There's Wander Franco. Sean Maddock with the Rays. Joey Gallo, look back to that color, she's. Joey Gallo there to 99 and then a Connor Wong for the Red Sox. Number to 15. We got Anthony Rendon. So this box had a lot of color, as you can see. Angeletta 75. Yeah, Rebel, this is the best year of Ben Baller. Hands down. The designs look great. I love the colors. Chance of Somatos. Slim, but Chance of Somatos. And it's a great price. I think we have it on our website for like 229 a box. Julio. For the Mariners. Ready Freeman Green to 99. Havin Smith out of 50.  And how about our second auto, Mackenzie Gore? For the San Diego Padres, that's number to 10. Luis Urias to 99 for the Dodgers. Lubab, number to 25. Wander Franco, and that project is Steve Locke. John Gray to 99. Trey Anbury for the Reds to 25. And a little Jazz Chisholm for the Marlins, gonna grind Crush to 75. Pete Alonzo for the Mets, gonna add to 25. Corbin Burns to 10. Julio, Freddie Freeman to 75. Dylan Carlson to 99. Acunia to 75. O'Neill Cruz, Acunia there. Strausberg to 75. Nice O'Neill Cruz color to 99. That's on there for the Pirates, that's Mark. All right, last box here and then we'll go with the next six. Seth Beer, Taylor McGill, Bobby Delback. Wander Franco, Riley Adams for the Washington Nationals. 75 and then Alex Kirloff for the Minnesota Twins to 50. Cronenworth for the Padres to 99. And he got a Wander Franco die cut. All right, sweet guys. So these are some of the bigger noticeable ones. We got two autos, a couple of nice numbered cards. Move these over here out of the way and then we'll go with the next six now. What's up there? Happy Friday, I know. Well, today's my Thursday. But yeah, it's happy Friday. I wish it was my Friday today. See how easily these packs are, guys? It's like butter. You're gonna have to try, like, uh, uh, love it. Love these packs. XFL tomorrow, guys. Who's gonna, I'm gonna be rooting for the Vegas Vipers this year, I think. Maybe the Seattle Dragons, C-Dragons or whatever they're called. XFL, I think I'm gonna give that a shot, guys. I already missed the NFL too much.  USFL's gonna start soon, too. Yeah, Pizz, I pulled two autos so far. Mackenzie Gore to 10, I think. And then we got a Vladdy Jr. to 50 so far. In previous years, it was always like one to two. I think yesterday Joe only hit one but he hit an Otani, so I don't know if that was planned. But there's always been multiple I've always seen. I thought it was like up to four or one year. But I mean, I could be wrong, I don't know. Yeah, he hit an Otani last night in the first case. I think he only hit one, right? And then it was just the Otani. So I mean, that kind of makes sense, right? If he only hit one auto and it was an Otani, well, I mean, I'd assume why they only put one. I mean, the BAM baller's no more for the color than anything but I do like that they obviously still have autos. Maybe we got juice cases, is that a bad thing? Everybody else can have juice cases. We don't always pull the lifetime hits. Change your life hits, we pull the nice hits. We're not pulling million dollar cards here but we pull some nice stuff, right? We'll make you a thousand air. That top scrum update though, Sapphire's really close now, guys. I think it's down to single digits. Oh, Pizzle, let's go back to 2016, 2017. I think I made you a thousand air there. Don't get me wrong, you spent thousands but you definitely had some thousand air cards. Also too, Pizzle, I forgot to tell you. I'll take you with me to Arizona if you want to make a deal but my buddy got another Devin Booker auto. This time it's on card, 1617 immaculate out of 75. Deep book.  When you guys win the championship? You're going to want that. You're going to want that card. That's right, baby, buy now. Buy now for $5,000. It'll definitely be a $6,000 card soon. Now, last time I checked, I think it was like a $275 card or something like that. I don't think it was more than $300. But I do expect Devin Booker stuff to go up if they do make a run. So, I think it's technically a second year, 1617, because I think it's a rookie in 1516. I'll send you a photo of it later, Pizzle. BK, have it your way. I haven't been to Burger King in so long speaking of singing that song. I used to love the chicken fries there. Do you still have chicken fries there? Chicken fries are so good. You know what though, Pizzle? I've noticed there's a lot of Burger Kings in Arizona. I mean, there's a lot of everything actually. I mean, if we're going to speak facts. But I did notice over there, like in Queen Creek area, Sand Town, there's a lot of Burger Kings. Large fry and chicken fries for $3.99. Goddamn, that's a deal. I will say Burger King's fry is the last time I ate them. They always have a ton of potato.  I think my goal next, this time I go to Arizona, I want to go to Waffle House. They have Waffle Houses, don't they? I think they have them in the city. I got to go to Waffle House. See what all the fuss is about. Just going for the Waffles. I definitely know there's like one out of the 10. Like in the city or passing by the city. Every one time we pulled over to get some gas or something and I remember seeing one. Lolo's Chicken and Waffles, what was it? Some vamanish right there. Better than Roscoe's Chicken and Waffles? I don't know, chicken at Roscoe's is great. I don't know if I'm wrong, it's great. But I go there for the Waffles. Their Waffles are just undefeated. I got to Roscoe's like down the street for me too now. I haven't been there like in like three, four months though. Well, the one thing I do eat in Arizona a lot because they don't have it here in Cali as much anymore is payways. Payways is like the faster food version of a, what is it? What's that one restaurant? Damn, what's that one restaurant? I'd rather be here too. P.F. Chang's, that's right. P.F. Chang's is like their faster food version. It's kind of like their version of like a Panda Express. But it's so much better. I get to the little man all the time. I used to love eating that here. But for some reason they all like just left. Like they all just either went bankrupt or what? I don't know, they closed them down. But payways, yeah. Payways, it should have so good dude. I got their low man with chicken. But yeah, it's basically P.F. Chang's. Like just kind of like their faster food version. Smaller menu. But yeah, one thing I will say, because I love Arizona for that. They have a lot of stuff. I mean, you got a water burger down there. Not that I really care for it anyways. All right, you got Waffle House. You have like all these different like bigger chains that are big everywhere else in the United States. All in one city. Ooh, that's right. King's play today, they play against the Ducks in Anaheim today too. Hope you murder those people. And then Stadium series tomorrow, right? Capitals in Carolina.   I mean, they're definitely trying to tank to get that badaard. Let's see where they're at. Sorry, the Chicago Blackhawks are a little bit worse. They're 17, 32, and six. Chicago's in a rebuilding year though, so. Rebuilding mode, I should say. Puget change is good, yeah. I just go to payways more than anything. It's just like, it's so much better. Dude, I didn't think your coyotes are doing better than the Ducks because I didn't even notice where they're at. Let's take a look. Arizona's like 16 points away from a plow spot. Which is like eight games behind, but still. They don't blow as bad as the Ducks do though. I wanna go to one of their games in Arizona. Is it really hard to get tickets? Are the tickets super expensive? Dude, Pizzle, take it out, dude. I didn't even notice this, if I would've known, I would've also called off this Friday. So, the Thunder are playing Friday, the 24th, in Phoenix, which is supposed to be Kevin Durant's return game against his old team. Isn't that cool?  I would've went to that game. Man, that would've been a great game to go to. We'll see. SGA will probably still ball out though. J. Will has been playing really good too lately. Giddy.  Have it your way. Yeah, it looks like I'm getting a lot of sapphire orders. Sapphire's not done at eight left, so. Probably be doing that next, guys. All right, here we go. Good luck. Maybe we can get some more autos here. Woo, look at that, baby. Beautiful. Wander Franco. That's a color for the Rays. Shawn Matic, 37 out of 99. Very nice. That's the way to start it off right there, baby. Tautis. Bogarts, 275. There's Wander Franco base. Justin Verlander, to 99. We got Giddy Martinez. To the socks. To 50. Torque, number to 75. Torque was in again there. Ryan Zimmerman, to 15. O'Neill Cruz. Bobby Whitjr. Back to back colors. Lucas Gelito, to 99. And then a John Means. For the Orioles, to 25. Wander Franco. Danes B. Swanson, to 75. Spencer Dorakelson. O'Neill Cruz. Yelly Juan Soto. Jorge Soler, to 75. Longoria, to the Giants, to 99. Alexander Wells, to 50. All right, four more boxes to go. We got a Mookie, number to 50.  Aaron Ashby, for the Brewers, to 75. We got Zach Thompson, to 25 for the Pirates. Spencer Torkelson. We got a Javi Bias for Detroit. Steven with that one. There's Wander Franco. Mike Mostakis. All right, three more boxes here, guys. Zach Laulter, to 99. Then we got a Julio. He's not numbered. Cedric Mullins, number to 50. Nico Horner, to 75. And we got a Spencer Torkelson. That's number to 10, two of 10. Spencer Torkelson for Detroit, going to Steven. That's pretty sweet. Logan Gilbert, to 99. Lance Lin, to 10. All right, you guys, two more boxes here. Here we go. Soto, we got a Jose Berrios, to 75. Adam Wainwright, to 99. Leo Cruz. And Connor Wong, is that a red? That's our first red. Two out of five, very nice. That's Red Sock, Steven with that one. Joe Ran, Starley Marte, and Luba, for the White Socks. To 50, going to Steven. Or Steve, or Dalla. Shohei Otani, Acunia, to 99. Joey Gallo. All right, last box here, guys. Good luck. O'Neill Cruz, we got a Sean Mena, to 99. Trevor Rogers, Salvador Perez, number to 99, and how about a little Mike Trout? Not numbered there. Peter Lanzo, number to 15. All right, last stack here. We might have one more numbered card, maybe. Brandon Woodruff, and there you go, guys. So we got a ton of numbered cards, guys, but I'll do a quick recap of everything on Top Loader, at least. Basically, say we got O'Neill Cruz-Color, Julio. Mackenzie Gore is one of the autographs we got, out of 10. Wander Franko, Spencer Torkelson-Color, Vladdi Otto, to 50. Connor Wong, to 10. Little Julio, Spencer Torkelson was numbered to 10, as well. Little Wander Franko, Bobby Witt, Wander Franko, Torkelson, numbered to 75. Julio, Wander Franko, and they colored Wander Franko to 99. So there you have it, folks. Appreciate it, guys. Another Ben Baller, Top's Chrome is in the store. JaspeysCaseBricks.com.


Hey guys, David here. Very welcome to another video. I'm talking about meditation. Now, this is a few tips here for complete beginners in this really. Well, you know, if you've been meditating for a few years, this is very useful because this is what a lot of people say, you know, they've been meditating for a long long time and they're not seeing any progress. Okay, now I'm going to talk about that, the problem-addict nature of that term even when it comes to meditation, but I've written here meditation Watch the resistance. Okay, watch the resistance. In fact, if you understand what I mean by this, you'll understand that meditation is the simplest thing in the world and actually the most, one of the most profound and useful things you can do in your life and it's easy to do. It's not complicated. You don't need to sit in a pose or a posture or you don't need to wear special clothes or have candles, scented candles, any of those things. It's so, so simple and so useful. It really is. Now, what do I mean by watch the resistance? One of the things we have is when we're doing meditation, and I mentioned this in a previous video, we are trying to achieve something. Now, that trying to achieve is the entire problem with meditation. There is nothing to achieve. You can't do it badly because you can't do it properly. Okay, in fact, any efforts we bring into it to achieve something is the problem with this. Now, what do I mean by that? Because what we want to achieve, we're all looking for a certain feeling we get from meditation, right? We're all looking to feel more peaceful and we're all looking to feel happier, maybe, right? Now, that is effort. What we're actually going to do in meditation, what I suggest that you try, and I've had huge, huge, again, I don't want to use the word success, but you know, it has, what I have had is genuine experience, genuine sense of that's real for me, that's true and as a by-product of that, yes, it has made me more calm and relaxed, but that wasn't the goal of it.  Wherever you are, don't even try to relax, just let your body fall where it is. Maybe you're in a bed or maybe you're in a chair. You can close your eyes if you like, but all you're doing is you're just going to bring your awareness into your body inside. And very simply, drop any effort. And what you're doing is, start to notice, while you're there for a while, is there any part of me that doesn't want to do this? Is there a part of me that wants to do something else instead? A part of me that wants to go online? Browse social media. Watch a movie. Do anything. And what we normally do with that is, we think that that's wrong. We think that that's bad, and if I feel like this, I'm not meditating properly. All we're doing here is watching that resistance.  So allow yourself to be resistant, and as soon as you are aware of that impulse to do something else, maybe for me to stop talking or for me to speed up or something to change, that's complete success. You're not trying to get rid of that part of yourself. There's no need to get rid of that part of yourself. What you can do is start to explore for any feelings that are there. Is there any feeling of dissatisfaction within me right now? Any sense of loneliness or sadness, disappointment, anger, and without trying to change whatever feeling rests there, and that could be emptiness, could be a lack of emotion. Any emptiness, that emptiness may be resting under other emotions. It's not to change them. It's just to be with them. Just to accept them as they present themselves within you right here for a few moments, not to push them away, not to try and change them into a different emotion, just to allow yourself to feel exactly the way you feel right now, to breathe if you notice yourself getting any way overwhelmed and allow yourself to be overwhelmed. So, as you do that, you may notice yourself starting to feel a little bit calmer, a little bit more accepting of what's going on within yourself to notice that fixer that impulsed the change and to react from that emotion that's there. So I'm going to keep this short guys, and when you're ready, if you've tried this meditation, you're in this meditation, just to start to gradually move and maybe stretch if you need to, bring your awareness back into your surroundings, and that's a meditation. That's all it is, and it's the benefits of this are not only that hopefully you feel it may be a little bit more relaxed now, although that wasn't the agenda. That's the paradox of change. Whenever you accept what's there, it transcends. We move into something else. Watch the resistance. You don't have to be a good meditator. The point is that none of us are good meditators. It's just to accept that the resistance is there. Don't see this as something that you have to do every day or to take off your to-do list. I'm a very good meditator because I'm doing it regularly now. It's just very simply whenever you want to do this, you just close your eyes for a few moments, bring your awareness inward and work on not having an agenda for those few moments. You can have the agenda outside of that time in our day-to-day life, and we do of course, but we're trying to become aware of the emotions that are compelling us or maybe making us feel like we're rushed all the time, okay? So over time, again, not to see it as something on your to-do list or something to master because you can't master an emotion. Absolutely, in no way. You can work on feeling the emotions. That's the point. Not feeling better, but just feeling. So that is meditation. It's not any more complicated than that, and if you agree with that or you disagree with that, you can let me know. But I hope this video was helpful to you, and you can contact me on my website, Dr.DavidMemory.com, if you would like to talk to me, and thanks for watching the video guys, and I'll see you in the next one. Take care.


I welcome, she is Pandian to the Biju Jan Thakur. Welcome Pandian to Biju Jan Thakur. Karthika Punimare, Karthikonkara, Navakaliwara. Welcome Pandian to the forest of Sansodha Obidaya. Nishta, Navmaratha, Nishtwarthaparabhake, Tamakaliwara. Nishta, Navmaratha, Niswarthaparabhake, Tamakaliwara. Pandian has entered the forest of Udisha Rajanitra. The government has been facing a lot of problems in the last few months. Pandian's son, Jomithila Gowli Chahali, who is now a member of the Nobbi Nibas. He has been a member of the Nobbi Nibas since many years. Pandian has reached the forest of Sansodha Obidaya. He is now a member of the Nobbi Nibas. We will continue to do so as a member of the party. I wish you all the best. I wish you all the best. I wish you all the best. Nishta, Navmaratha, Niswarthaparabhake, Tamakaliwara. Nishta, Navmaratha, Niswarthaparabhake, Tamakaliwara. I wish you all the best. I wish you all the best. I wish you all the best. I wish you all the best. Nishta, Navmaratha, Niswarthaparabhake, Tamakaliwara. We will continue to do so as a member of the party. We wish you all the best. We will continue to do so as a member of the party. Welcome to the journey. We are going to take you inside the Sankha Bhavan. We have to take you inside the Sankha Bhavan. We will meet you at the Sankha Bhavan. Welcome to the Sankha Bhavan. We are very happy to have you here. We are very happy to have you here. We are welcoming the Pandiyan from the beginning. We are very happy to have you here. The Chief Minister has come to the Sankha Bhavan. He has come to the Sankha Bhavan. He has come to the Sankha Bhavan. After reaching the Siddhaswara, the King of the Far North has visited the Sankha Bhavan. He has also taken a photo of the meeting of the King of the Far North. When we left the Hingalindar Bhat, we saw the people come to the Sankha Bhavan. We saw the people come to the Bhavan. We saw the people and they came to the Sankha Bhavan. After the visit of the Pandiyan's King, the King of the Far North, who was he? He was an actor. He was a film director. He was a actor. The drama that he played, the drama that he played, We call the modern term is a deep-faked state with a deep-faked government. In the past, there were 33 districts in the country. The government was forced to build the district of Babung. Abhijag's son-in-law spent a lot of time in the district of the helicopter and spent a lot of time in the city of Turanatmukha and spent a lot of time in the city of Mirodhi. We have to find out who the real Konejilla is. Who will be the next one to find out? How will we find out? How will we find out who the real Konejilla is? How will we find out who the real Konejilla is? How will we find out who the real Konejilla is? On the way to Bijad, Pandya's Siddhaswara Ganjamjee has been discussed with many other organizations. The Ganjamrao Jai Kunasi's Aaswan Room, Neerbhajan's Ladi Paranti, VK, Ganjamroo Pithamranaha's Bhuvaneshwar Ruprati's Mahapatra and Deepya Jyoti Mahantikaripot and Ghasnevich. If you liked our video, don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel.


Hi, good morning, hi, good morning and welcome to today's products and focus well as a little bit of a bloodbath the markets as China sold off more aggressively overnight You can see the incredibly bearish candle that we had on yesterday on the US 30 breaking below 17 034 and that move has been accelerated down this morning Now if you look at things from a traditional technical analysis point of view the next potential support level that you have on the US 30 is significantly lower Around about 15 868. I'll be it. You could probably take this level down here But it's not going to necessarily be as significant, but A lot of down was actually still possible. We're accelerating away from the move for the moving averages The other technical indicators are relatively neutral sands the RSI that's just gone to oversold territory But I think it actually hit there yesterday So what has kind of been the extra precursor to that? It's been the PMI data from manufacturing data From China expected to come at 47.7 came in at 47.1 That point six change is the widest fastest decline since 2008 2009 over in that region and very much a lot of mainstream news are reporting the slowdown in China and the head of the FSA over here in the UK even made comments about the Kind of lack of credibility and some of the figures that are coming out of China as in some of these figures Potentially could be way worse than what they're actually reporting and that's having a big knock on the facts So with commodities in particular you have Gold shooting up as a safe haven. You've got the West Texas crew still hugging around about 40 spot 40 Whereas many other commodity markets at copper is languishing around six and a half year lows And the UK 100 is actually off the session lows. It went much lower this morning down in 6208 And now we're at a 6284 so there's been a strong bounce this morning I'll be at the move has been quite exacerbated with these three black crow candle formations RSI oversold not surprising 6262 96 or only about 6300 is the potential support It's not above that line just now the next potential support past that is 60 73 So you are talking about another 200 odd point potential move before you hit the next significant support level Again UK 100 getting particularly hard head because of our exposure to the commodity markets with mining stocks and BP shell with crude oil So in Japan to do five firmly crashing through 20,087 accelerating has moved to the downside this morning Dollar yen reverse course as well So people are buying safe haven yen at the expense of the US dollar Rate hike in September seems very unlikely at this current stage with the markets retreating the way that they are just now The tips of these candles for Japan to to find her in about 19 1 1 5 could be the next potential support Then followed by 18 648 bearish crossover on the moving averages other technicals are neutral sans They are a sigh also oversold So looking at that dollar yen dollar yen Three negative candles 21 83 as a potential support level other technicals neutral apart from the MACD That's just about the cost of the zero line Moving on to West Texas crude Fundamentals aren't very supportive $35.30 the next potential support with $42 expected to act as potential resistance in case we do get any sort of bounce Weakness in the US dollar should be held in West Texas crude, but it's not really so far this morning Gold and unsurprising is the one to watch it was actually much higher this morning had gone all the way to 11 69 Really 11 86 the next potential resistance for above both moving averages other technicals accelerating exceptionally fast With the MACD crossing the zero line just now another positive aspect They'll be similar to the reversal that we've seen in the UK 100 this morning gold has sold off And it's way way away from this It's highs of the day But I don't think anything's really kind of changed with us interest rates following our initial discussion That September just feels like it's just not gonna happen even December at this stage When the world stock markets are selling off that this seems to be unlikely So looking at your dollar, you can see the dollars pretty much is rolled over With a very strong day for the Euro yesterday Obviously, you've got the the Greek Prime Minister has announced down for fresh elections That's just really a distraction. It's all about China at the moment and the state of their economy and You can see that we're even making a little bit of fresh ground on your on dollar Your dollar sorry with one spot 1475 the next potential support. We've finally gotten away from these long-wired candles So finishing up with GBP USD Moving to the upside one spot 5743 as a potential resistance or we're above more Moving averages other technicals are quite neutral and that's currently where we stand with them So we've still got a whole host of PMI data to come out of Germany the Eurozone and you've got UK public finances and your zone CCI We are quite close to finishing up the Asian market as well. So the Chinese stock market will post its final figure for the week I think oils had its longest losing streak and 20 since 1986 29 years So that's not a very good headline to have for that commodity as well. And if we fast forward on to Monday You can see that we've not really got a huge amount going on to Tuesday You've got more German GDP business IFO business sentiment index data and then you've got a US CCI Unluckily, we don't have any more Chinese data over the weekend to cause a lot of trouble Keep your eye on the chart for them. I can already see that on Jasper and Michael Houston They're gonna be doing lots of analysis across these key markets Make sure you get a chance to see that add insights to your layout lots of very important updates throughout today's session I think today's session is going to be particularly important for a number of traders And catch me again on Monday to find out what happened next


Thank you so much for being here. I am Gaye Three Siva. I'm currently in Olone lands in Oakland, California and I'm a moderator today. We're discussing the topic of investing for equity with an amazing set of panelists today. We're still waiting for Janet. But first, some logistics. We're all new to this platform. So please forgive us if there are any technical glitches. We hope at the end of the session, we'll have about two to three minutes, two to three questions to take. So please, as the session goes along, type your questions into the chat box and we might be able to read it out later at the end for the panelists if we have the time. So yes, so I'd like to start by saying we know precisely how to trace how we got here. Here meaning this inequitable state that we're in. We can talk about colonialism. We can talk about occupations of indigenous lands and people. We can talk about private ownership, capitalism. But systems were built, policies were enacted, stacked on and stacked on over one another. And fast forward to today, we have three billionaires with more wealth than half of America. And the world's richest 1% has more than twice as much wealth than 6.9 billion people. And all this is not new. And I'm sure to anyone in this panel or anyone joining this panel, but it's worth repeating I think that we live in a system that benefits and we warn those with extreme wealth who have accumulated the fortunes on the backs of people around the world, who work for wages and under different conditions. And in addition, this pandemic is exposing the systemic fractures of our current financial and economic systems. It's unveiling access, accumulation of capital in the hands of people. The realities of what's at stake, of unprotected people around the world, curfews and quarantines are impacting groups and communities around the world differently. Majority of people around the world, many who are part of informal economy due to the curfews and quarantines, they can't go out, they can't sell, they can't make a living. And this is a product and symptom of a long-standing systemic infection of injustice and inequity. So how do we get here? And how do we change? This is what we'll discuss today with this amazing panel, which I have whom I have the pleasure and privilege of introducing. And Janet is still not here. So I'll introduce Lisa and Crystal. Let's start with Crystal. Crystal is the executive director of Eurista, a native CDFI intermediary offering financial products and development services exclusively to native CDFI communities. Crystal has worked with native communities for more of a professional career, spending 20 years working in the native and rural economic development field. Still waiting for Janet, but Lisa, Lisa Mensa is president and CEO of Opportunity Finance Network, OFN, the nation's leading network of CDFIs. Lisa worked with President Obama as the Undersecretary of Agriculture for Rural Development. And before that was the founding executive director of the Initiative of Financial Security at the Aspen Institute. And when Janet joins us, I will go ahead and introduce her now and she will say hi when she joins. The other panelist who we're still waiting for is Janet Moryu, executive director of Kenya Community Development Foundation who she has for 30 years of experience in the global nonprofit sector. She's the executive director of the Kenya Community Development Foundation, the first community foundation in East and Central Africa where she leads an indigenous foundation that promotes community development. And I am Gaye 3-Diva from Thousand Currents and director of the Buen Viber Fund, an investment fund that provides capital to grassroots groups in the global south doing leading work in building our next economy. So thank you all and thank you amazing panelists. I, it's a privilege and an honor to have you here today and to be with you. I would like to start with a big question, how? And Lisa, we'll get you to start with this question of how do we get here and how do we change? Thank you, Gaye 3 and welcome Janet too. So we did it. Yep, the technology will be the death of us all. So I'm so glad Janet's here because I think this how question for equity is an important one to have a global context for. And Janet will be able to speak for beyond the shores of the US. But I think when we're imagining tackling equity and inequities with money, we have to look back at how we did get to a system in the US. And as Sky 3 has kindly introduced me, I get to lead a powerful network of disruptors, of CDFIs who wanna take money and use it to change old system. And I believe we got here by literally centuries of an economy that basically had markets and structures that benefited the most successful and the most in power. And while America can claim fairly to have given so many people a shot at progress, it also left so many people behind. And I think what is powerful about this moment and I wanna speak to 2020 is that we're finally confronting the systems that help people back. We're no longer blaming people for their poverty, for their inability to move forward for the jobless rates, for the deep levels of climate damage that we have done. We are acknowledging systems. And I think when we acknowledge systems, we go to the laws, the structures, the things that kept disinvestment out of communities and we go to what allowed people to build wealth over time. So I think I'll let others join this discussion how we got here. But I think this is where we have to look at systems. Markets, laws, just go for those two and understand that the patterns of disinvestment that we have seen in the US have evolved because of markets and systems. And those worked for those in power and we who are disruptors are often fixing systemic injustice. Not just, you know, we make one loan at a time but we're attacking deeper systems. So I'll stop there, guy three. And I think you're still on mute for some reason. I am on mute. Thank you, Lisa. No, that's a powerful introduction to what we're gonna talk about today. And you know, I think everyone on this panel and also probably a big part of the audience agree that systemic change is what we need. I would like to invite each of you maybe starting with Crystal and then moving on to Janet and then Lisa maybe we can wrap up with you. What, how do you define systems change and what are you encountering in your work that is moving us in that direction? Well, I would say in a way in terms of work that we represent and capitalize and provide capacity building all over the United States, Alaska and Hawaii tribal nations that have been disenfranchised honestly since going in and began. So in looking at how do we change this? One of the main prognosis in working with our native community essentially is bringing power back to the people giving them the resources and the capital that they need to rebuild or reinvigorate their communities. We believe innately native people in its marginalized communities have armed with appropriate resources. They have the stewardship. They know what their community needs. They just need the resources to be able to envision that community. So what we do to change that number one capital makes huge differences by directly investing in these communities so they build private sector home ownership and build upwards of matters to financial mobility which many native communities have never seen. So really in changing this it's changing the paradigm of capital. It's changing the paradigm of resources and giving those to the people to the communities and to those grassroots leaders that really know how to implement this change. I think one thing that you'll find with marginalized communities across the United States and across the globe when we have individuals that are willing to help more so it's what they can do to or for us rather than what they can do with us. So when we look at changing that paradigm of what the relationship looks like and taking that out of a transaction and really giving a voice to the people and communities we have the answers to our community ills for lack of a better word, we just need the resources. So how we change that paradigm with the CDFI industry or WESA itself is providing those resources, providing that capital to where we can see longstanding systematic change. Thank you, Chris. Janet? Yeah, thank you. And I'm sorry that I got some technical challenges. Yeah, I identify with not most of what my colleagues have gone before I've said. It's true, we've been from a very uneven ground and even here I come from working for the Kenya community and the Latin nation. And one of the global partners for Texas Global actually one of the partners that are based in Africa and in Kenya in specific. And one of the things we find is that a lot of communities end up being disadvantaged because of various reasons. Sometimes, sometimes just certain things that have happened over time and all kinds of challenges. And sometimes just access to information, not knowing how to come out of that terrible situation that one finds themselves in. And with that, I may give the example of one of the ways we've dealt with this is just increasing access to technology, for example, through our partnership and our relationship with Texas Global. We work with a lot of non-profits, many of them with very small budgets. Actually, many times more than 85% with budgets that are less than a million dollars. So their fare is small organizations but as they access technology, as they are better able to save by accessing technology that allows them to do their work, to meet their missions, they are actually able to rise up and begin to do what they have set out to do to help with some of the marginalization issues. And this is just one example. So, and from a KCDF perspective, working with communities that are really disadvantaged and trying to help them to rise up, first of all, gain confidence, get reaffirmed that they have a lot of knowledge, they have a lot of information of how they have copped over the generations and over years. And as you revamp that, build their confidence, help them identify the resources around them or they're able to leverage, whether from government or many other actors, many of them are able to rise up and begin to move beyond their limitations. So maybe I'll just mention that for now. Gayatri, you asked all of us to talk about how we are confronting systems that deliver inequity instead of equity. Yeah, that's right. And I think what both Janet and Crystal expressed is this interesting belief we have in confronting big systems at very local levels by trusting people to know what they need so deeply. And I think that's almost the most hard thing to imagine that when we're confronting huge different systems, we follow strategies that listen very close to the ground to where people are. And it's almost, it seems inconceivable that we who think about the big systems of the need on the planet to end poverty and end environmental degradation would trust interventions that are so local. But I wanna put an emphasis on that because that's exactly what the community development financial institutions field has always been about is listening local, not getting out of the challenges of our systems by some huge outside influence, that we are gonna change development by doing something to people. We're gonna change it with people. And I think that's the first principle of this. It's not that they're other systems are immaterial, of course they matter, but I think our interventions are extremely local and extremely close to the ground. And I wanna give an example of when we look at persistent poverty in the United States. And this is a phenomenon we don't like to talk about too much because it runs counter to our views of the American dream. But persistent poverty is meaning that these are areas of the country that have been deeply poor more than 20% rates of poverty for over 30 years. And these areas of our country spatially matter. Crystal spoke of native communities, indigenous communities. So many of those are rated in these census tracts that are persistently poor. In fact, it is a quite of a rural phenomenon. 85% of the counties in the country that are persistently poor are rural, but it isn't rural alone. It is also urban, more than 2000 neighborhoods home to over six, nearly 7 million people are in persistently poor neighborhoods. So this was one of my excitements working at the Department of Agriculture for the last administration is being able to direct resources to say, here's a huge arsenal of resources at the USDA, and saying we need to shift systems by working and targeting deeply into poor areas. And whenever you decide to target, one of the best strategies I believe is getting very close to the people who experienced this. And this is why CDFIs to me are such a good tool because we're rooted in communities and we're very close. Our financing can go right close to the jobs, the facilities, the critical infrastructure that needs to happen in these communities. But being driven by the actual core needs of people there. So I just wanted to give an answer to your question around how do we address systems with that in mind? Thank you, absolutely. And I think the big thing that's coming up for me with the sharing is the building trust. You're talking about trusting financial institutions, large groups, people with money, trusting groups on the ground to do the work that needs to be done. The question is, how do we, or my question is, how do we build that trust? How do we bridge the gap? Are there examples in your work that you can share to enlighten us to that question? Yeah. And Lisa, Janet, Crystal in that order maybe. Well, I think whenever you're talking about money or finance, it's something to have some doubt, to have some suspicion. So people give up their money with great, they should be a little distrustful. So trust is earned and trust to my belief in the CDFI field. It's where we, whether we're credit unions or community banks or loan funds or micro enterprise funds, part of the trust is seeing who's running these institutions and how they deliver, what is the impact? And I think I believe that one of the hallmarks of a strong CDFI, of a strong Community Development Financial Institutions is seeing the results of your decision, seeing why many people come to us because they've been denied credit out of another system. And I think the first way we rebuild trust is the combination of the capital we bring and the assistance we bring. We call it capital plus. And that combo is sort of the key, the secret sauce, the time, the ability to look a second look at credits. And I think that's the start to a trusted relationship, letting you in, letting you have a chance, being clear about where the money goes and being clear about impact. That's I think the foundational aspects of a system of finance you can trust. Maybe I can go. Yeah, how do you build trust? That's really interesting. And I think one of the fundamental things we found is that it is a relationship. It is not just a transaction. It's purely taking time, getting to know people, spending time with them, understanding where they are, not you judging them from where you are, but actually going out of your way to be with them, to be in their context. Until COVID work all the time involved as KCDF, Kenya Community Development Foundation, making grant to a lot of grassroots organizations, believing that they, you begin by trusting them and believing that they know their context, they know their needs, they know the things that affect and have made the communities around them. And then doing your best not to be too prescriptive about whatever help you think you wanna give. So going with an open mind yourself, and that is really tough for a lot of funders to go with an open mind to not with a prescription of what you think they need from where you are sitting, but actually as much as possible being present with them. And in that process, you get to understand what influences them, what has informed them, what affects them. And so when they write, when they propose suggestions for their grant, you are open. And in many cases, it kind of means you're being willing to understand what goes with that money. So if it is core core support, just being present, being available to provide that rather than saying, I will only pay for this, I won't pay for that, you know. And it's in that context actually that our relationship with, or our work with tech sub-global has been very valuable because a lot of those organizations were able to quickly turn around during the COVID time and use technology, maximize on it. And as I've been able to get on with their work, when a lot of other international actors were not necessarily on the ground, but they were present because they were able to reach, you know, the people that they target for their work. So I think trust is, it takes time, and it's not a one-off, it's not a hit and run. And that's one of the things we found really critical to have a long-term impact on the ground with communities and enabling them to turn around and begin to change their circumstances so that they can now write on the change that they would like to see for themselves. Say on our part, or just upon both what Lisa and Janet incorporated really in building that trust, one of the first things that I think we look at as an industry, and particularly with Awista, is meeting people, communities, and organizations where they're at. So when you're able to come first with that preview and be able to build upon the competencies of that organization, of that community, that essentially boosts trust from the ground up. And two, when you look at the business model of what we do as a CDFI industry, typically we're the financial first responders right now, we're finding in COVID, but we are the financial pillars of our community and the only outlet for capital access and resources, particularly I'm speaking of native CDFIs within tribal communities. So in looking at building trust in that measure too, we have to be very culturally sensitive and we have to embrace that. And working with, we have over 573 tribes federally recognized in the United States, each one of those tribes is intrinsically different on their culture, on their mores. So being able to maneuver in those areas with respect and with dignity and listening to community. Important, I'll give a quick grassroots example of this. I started the first nonprofit on my reservation many years ago, the Turn Mountain Band of Chippewa, North Dakota, and it was a CDFI. And when I started providing our financial education curriculum, first of all, within the CDFI Round Building Trust, our institutions never say no, we say not yet. If you're not eligible for a loan, number one, get you there. If you're willing to get there. So it doesn't matter on your credit score. So that in and of itself knowing you have a chance. It's not no, it's not yet. And we'll take you there. So I was teaching a financial literacy course and that was a prerequisite before anybody got any type of loan. It doesn't matter what you wanted within our suite of lending services. And I was going into the process of talking about a long-term and a short-term savings pool and how we can start saving for those dynamics. And I had an elder at the table in my class and she got very angry at me and she started yelling at me and she told me, you know what, you're asking me to be selfish. You're asking me to stay for myself and not look at our community. And that crystal is not as what kept us alive for 500 years. And I thought, oh my gosh, okay. I really need to meet her where she's at. And I don't give confidential information, but she was in my office because. Is that me? I don't know if I just went in or out with my story. Hopefully you're able to hear the audio. But that's a really good example, I feel. You're back, Crystal, but could you maybe repeat the last piece that you said before you said you're back because we missed a little bit of that. Right, so in the end, the elder was telling me I was asking her to be selfish. I was asking her to save, not assist the community. Her particular circumstance was she was the matriarch of her family. She had a death in the family. She ended up going to predatory lending institutions to get bus tickets to bring everybody home and we were helping her out of that financial mess. And so in flipping this script, I told her, I'm not asking, we're not asking you to be selfish, but if you had saved, you could have more. So in just changing how she looked at that and with that, if you had $5,000 in a bank account, you would have been able to get twice as many bus tickets and you wouldn't be paying 1,000% interest on a predatory loan. So it's really just having the courage to stand in these places and being uncomfortable meeting people where they're at and figuring out a way to build their personal capacity and financial capacity. Thank you, thank you. We'll say I next kind of bring back to the topic at hand, investing. So how do you see investments as a tool to challenge or reduce inequities? And specifically who has access, who hasn't? Yeah, that big question maybe. Lisa, I see you nodding, so I'm gonna start with you. It's so important, I three. I've just, I started life as a banker and it was very, no one predicted this. They thought I would be working on refugee issues. And I said they're kind of the same because investors have power. This is how we accrue, we make choices about where the stores of money go and this allows others to move forward whether it's in lodging or in industry or in commercial endeavor, small businesses. And so how do I see investing? I see that we have an industry in the community development financial industry. People may not know that in the US there's over $222 billion under management, 222 by the certified CDFI industry. It's over a thousand certified CDFI. 60 of them are native that are been certified by our treasury. About half of them are loan funds. And so when I think about investing, changing the dynamics, I think about who is coming in to provide capital to these spigots. Robert Smith had started referring the lead, the founder of VISTA Equity Partners has referred to us as now the capillaries of the US financial system. The smaller veins that are needed to get blood into the full system, capillaries. I love that image of us. And I think about who is coming to invest in us because we are conduits to that job. In broadband and fiber optic cable, they talk about the last mile. Everybody can make money when it's a tightly dense set of users, but that last mile getting way out, particularly in rural areas, is the part where it's hard. So I think of the CDFI industry as the capillaries who can reach deep. So when I think about the investors changing things, I think about who's taking a bet on a system that's tailor made for getting money out to the areas that are struggling the most, that are furthest from the easiest investments that the market will always reward. And that's why I think investing in this sector is so vital and so potentially disruptive. We sort of had three waves of investors. I used to work at the Ford Foundation and that was I think foundations and philanthropy, sort of the first wave, 80s, 90s. Then we kind of had a bank wave, CRA qualified many of our institutions for investment. That was another wave, largely debt. And I feel we're at the brink of a next wave. And this is why Socap is so important and why new corporate wealth is so important. And we've just had Google invest with us. And I think it's such a breakthrough because it's money that came from the trader's side, from the CFOs and was willing to take time and low return, 1% 10 years and let us be the intermediaries, the conduit of that money. We were five times oversubscribed in our network of people wanting to do small business lending with the Google dollars. And I think that is so vital to see how, I think we have a capillary network so that if you're interested as an investor in really moving money out through the capillaries into the parts of the economy that just don't get reached by easy market delivery or when they do, it's often rapacious. It's the wrong kind of reach. So I would say guy three, for me, the investor story is one of, let's use the tools we know, let's join it with the networks we know and let's do it on terms that can actually disrupt what the kind of poverty we see in this country. I can go, yeah. I was going to say that in my own context, especially here in Kenya and I believe it's true for most of Africa, it helps very much to understand that terrain. And it in a sense goes back to the question of how did we get there? And there are a lot of areas that were neglected. The accessibility was a problem or culture. The culture in different areas has marginalized certain groups of people, women, children, people who have disability or other disadvantages. Remote parts, if you think about what are the chances that there will be programs in certain parts of us in the dry North and Kenya or some of those areas that are really not frequented where infrastructure is also poor. These patterns tend to follow inequality that we find around and that we have to be to kind of be deliberate to deal with. And we found it very important to understand the terrain, to understand what has happened, what has brought people to those situations. And as you understand, you then wear the eyes of those that are not on the table because unless you do that, they will remain out of the table, you know? So just being aware that for a lot of communities, women may not access school properly or they'll be the first people to leave school, you know, depending on the kind of environment they are in, they're the first people to be bad and if there is violence during elections or any other emergency that has happened, you know, they'll be the most affected. So going out of your way to create opportunities for groups like those is one of the ways that we found very, very effective and being very deliberate. And sometimes writing on the information you've collected to raise resources that are targeting those particular groups of people that are particularly disadvantaged. We found that to be one of the most effective ways. And that's one of the reasons why we have a soft spot for small organizations, small NGOs that are operating in the margins, you know, where you wouldn't find the big actors and trying to find out how can you build their capacity, how can you invest in enabling them to reach their communities more effectively, how can you offer more training and more support and more infrastructure, you know, in different ways that will allow them to be effective in the work that they want to do in their areas. So as you, and even how you raise resources, sometimes you may, you're able to raise resources and we do that a lot in KCDF by bringing about, bringing to the attention of the authorities and other people are interested about those particular situations that affect those that are really marginalized. And people then find it easier to then give you resources to support, you know, maybe girls or children or women who want to get into business or women who need to, you know, to create livelihoods for themselves, even just having confidence to say, yeah, I can do something and raise money. Investing in things like that, the ordinary person will not invest is some of the things that we found very valuable and one of the ways of really bridging that gap for people are particularly marginalized and on the margins of our society. Thank you. Thank you. So do you have anything to add to that question? Just a little, just more so thinking in terms of domestically here, but in looking at marginalized communities, particularly those in rural America, persistent poverty and Indian country per se, looking at capitalization and the resources that we require to really change this paradigm is still a struggle in all honesty. We tend to be out of larger foundation footprints, CRA accessibility, I can say does not happen in Indian country, even though Indian areas are deemed as eligible investment areas. So really we're just completely tenacious in finding and building those relationships. Typically what you'll find with a lot of larger organizations that hold capital or investors, they don't have programs that address women that don't address America or rural America. So it's really building those relationships and having them make a program. Generally what I'll do when we're looking to capitalize, find an organization that's somewhat nearer to what we're doing as an organization. I'll just build those relationships, try to break open those doors and create new funding endeavors. But it would be such a beautiful and beneficial world if we could continue to do that, but really be able to see flows of capital coming in. And I do have to say Socap itself and the whole social investment field I wandered upon maybe about four years ago and it was the first time I didn't have to explain to an investor why community impact is so important and why I want a low return. And they're okay with that because really looking at the returns that we're giving, you're not making a lot of money on it. We're not making our portfolio. That's really not the intent. It's to put capital to work where it should. But when we see these vast community impacts and changing people's lives, that's where we get the buy-in. And I think this venue and really looking at the disruptors that want to change the world. I'm looking up at the screen, we've got 700. I don't know if we've got 723 people listening to the session or just on the whole Socap venue but we're the change agents that are starting this and have been working like when I say starting we're standing on the shoulders of civil rights movement in the 60s of women's suffrage in the 20s of our ancestors just living period to have us be here today. So building this momentum, I think we're really coming to a change of consciousness with capital, with our humanity and where we are as a nation that really supports true equity. And I've never been so even in the midst of like a horrible pandemic and we're in the midst of COVID, I feel hopeful still because now more than ever people want to change. And I think we're getting to a point where people can ask themselves, how much is enough? Because greed, that's something we have to talk about corporate greed, personal greed. When you look at all of these resources, you need to come to that question, what's enough for you and you can't bring it with you. So how are you going to give? I think we're having people ask those really poignant questions of themselves and their organizations and they're extending out their services, their capital, their partnership. So I think we're at a very pivotal time in our history and I'm really happy to be on the road to a trajectory towards equality. I think we all are. Well, yeah, all of that. Yes, it's a reminder that humans as a species, millions of years, we've been a solidarity species and it's only been in the last couple of hundred years that competition and how greed is showing up in profits and returns and return profit maximization and all of that, it's just very recent and we shouldn't forget that. One last question from me and then probably we'll shift to taking some questions which we can see in the chat. And I think Janet and Crystal, Lisa, you mentioned the term low returns and my challenge or my invitation is how do we invite the investment community? We've spoken about access to capital but how can we invite the investment community to kind of expand the imagination around returns? How do we think about returns differently, not just in monetary terms? I just wonder if you have any practical examples or any just examples that you can share with the audience today. I think one thing we need to look at when we get to that question in returns is how do we look at assets? So if we get to how do we value assets, that's a really good pinpoint to get to return. So normally when we look at assets, we're looking at tangibles and that's very important but we also have natural resources, we have cultural resources, we have human resources. So looking at all of the community's assets in a true frame rather than just with a pure capital lens, I think is important but when we take in funding at very low percentages, for instance, Soista, we don't take money in above 2% and we're lending out at about 3.5 and our clients are lending out grassroots, 6% business loans. Looking at the opportunity to gather and garner capital and provide it at a lower rate that's not predatory is incredibly important for the communities that we're serving because generally predatory institutions and those interest rates are the only available outlet for capital. So I don't find it hard talking to my investors in all honesty, it can be a really quick conversation.  Well, that's not my kind of investor and we've got to move on very quickly but when I'm talking and we're looking at 10-year money, 2% and you're able to get a return but what I really find is the social impact, the community impact and how we're actually able to measure and quantify those because we can. We know that data is king and we've got models to prove that. We're able to get 1,400 new jobs with this note, I'm making it up but we do have these numbers and we're retaining employment and we're providing living wage jobs to individuals and communities that don't have it. That's enough of a return for the investors we're looking for along with a very solid track record. Oesta itself has revolved over 77 million in Indian country and had one loan default. I made that loan, it was risky, it was $10,000, they paid back seven. So really my default rate is still 0.1% and never defaulted on an investor. So a lot of that comes from, I think your own business model but really looking at returns and assets, different kind of really can change that paradigm. I mean- I'd like to emphasize what Crystal said because I think we are at a new stage of describing true impact. What is the return we're looking for? And when you're coming to a financial institution, community development financial institution, I think you can make a loan but the place we're asking you to go with us is to give money over time and invest it for the long haul so that we can get to the impacts that the community has already identified as key. We don't have to reinvent, I'm not really good at science, we don't have to invent new complicated models here. This is saying if you as an investor will stay, this is why I mentioned the Google debt, 1% 10 years. Now they will get that investment back. These low default rates are historically low in the CDFI industry. And when you lend through an intermediary like Oesta or like OFN, we've even had lower default rates because we're recourse to the entire institutions we're dealing with. So I am pushing for the investors to consider the bigger long-term impact, walk on those native reservations with Crystal and see the need for home ownership and understand that if you're interested in energy efficiency in this country, you will help new native communities build new kinds of construction that will be net zero, walk throughout our rural areas and see where we can build, see these kinds of jobs that we can create that the community has already identified as essential and understand that while you are accepting a 1% rate, you're saying with your money that you want deep change, that you want somebody who's gonna go and take a risk when we're coming out of a pandemic, hopefully someday soon, you want an investor who's gonna stick in there for the long haul and invest when nobody else, we are counter cyclical investments. I sit on a bank board and the job on a bank board is to fly to quality, to go up, you can't take any more risk. The job of a non-profit loan fund is to lean in and to actually try to restructure loans and make the next loan, whether it's a business or a home. So my view of this investor question that Gayatri you asked is that, let's start looking at impact over time. Let's say we can do return of principle. Every company in America holds some very low yielding investments, whether we call those bonds or let us be that part of your portfolio. Why not? I think that's what the treasurers are saying, the business round table, business round table. This is the shock of this time. Just came out last week and supported a billion dollar request to the CDFI fund but also called on their members over the next five years to let's place a billion dollars with the crystals of the world, with those who can make long-term investments in our field. So to me, not everything in America, not every investment pays and returns and you get your principal back. We actually have those investments. So let's dedicate some. The thing we said is follow the Google example, put a hundred million dollars of low cost if you're a major corporation in America, put 10 million dollars of grant, let the two work together and let's disrupt. Let's do something serious as America confronts finally where we started this panel. Finally confronts its deepest systems of racial and social injustice and dislocation. Let's do something deeper. We finally, we have the capillaries to do it. Crystal is, you know, they've been working for decades to get native CDFIs at a time when they can take this kind of money. So I have some hope that this is the moment to do this kind of work. Janet, I think you need to unmute. Yeah, I was just saying, I would just, I think we have to be persistent in sharing the change that we are trying to see and the impact that we are trying to make. And if anything, hope with our persistence, we can convert those investors to open up to the kind of change we are looking for, but we can't give up. So persistence, educate them about what is changing, what needs to change so that we don't turn to push the kind of changes that would not be what is needed at the community level, but would allow them to become more informed and about the change that we are trying to push. Recently, I was having a hard conversation with a corporate that was preferring to take some young, you know, high schoolers from, you know, from one to form four and leave them there because they felt if they continue with these very needy children, they can't, maybe they, they can't see the big impact. They were looking at the numbers and I was asking them, which one of us would drop our children after form four and think they're good enough to continue in the world? Where would they be? You know? So, you know, I think just helping them to understand these children are still vulnerable. We haven't helped them get out of poverty. We dropped them at this level, you know? So I think we just have to be persistent so that eventually our investors see the need to make the kind of impact that we are looking for that would make a difference to our communities. Thank you. Thank you, Janet. Thank you, Lisa. Thank you, Crystal. I think we have maybe time for one or two questions. We'll see from the audience. The first question I have from Ashley. How do we balance the need to build trust, which takes time with the urgency of climate change and biodiversity loss? The UN says we now have nine years to make dramatic system levels change. And I will... The lighting of my panel now is all off. You can't see my faces, but my face... Anyone? I have a little comment to that because I do feel the urgency. But thankfully, we're not starting at the beginning. I feel the urgency, but the community development finance field is old and much trust has already been built. So we're not starting at the beginning. What we're asking for is some trust in us to be able to do what Janet just said and be the persistent financiers of change. So I do... This question gives me a minute to say what I think is the intersection between the fields of community development finance and environmental degradation and the fight against climate change. And that is that low-income populations in deep and persistent properties are often right at the intersection. They're often the ones most affected, first affected by the fires, the floods, the degradation. So having trusted institutions that want to move our communities forward, whether it's a loan for energy efficiency or just a loan that makes something go forward.  You can have a two-four, something that is good for the environment and moves the most vulnerable populations forward. So that's how... I love the question, but we're not starting at zero with trust. We're starting with, in our case, sometimes institutions that are 40 years old and have done that and frankly have been missing the other side of the equation. They've been missing the investors to come and help them, you know, the kind of persistence that Janet's been talking about. They've missed the patient partners to stand with them and, you know, finish the job. Let's get it done. Thank you. Thank you, Lisa. That was, yeah. I will read the next question. Sorry, I'm having some connectivity issues. Can y'all hear me? Okay. This next question I have is from Matthew. I will just take this one last question and then close. You have three questions. Matthew, I'm going to pick one. The question is perhaps moving towards restorative capital. Is there, is the place to start the way we engage in restorative capital around the formerly incarcerated in America? Do we have to, do we have a look at the way the prison industrial complex and military, industrial complex is of a system of inequity and justice, injustice. Any thought on that? If not, I can also read the next question. I feel like that might be a little out of topic of what we spoke about today. What is the sanctuary and sacredness in our understanding of community investing and community justice and inclusion? How much is our heart center separated by greed in politics and individual greed? That might be a good question instead. I feel like I've been speaking a lot, so I'll go quick on this. Thank you, Matthew, for a beautiful question on both, on really justice and inclusion. And I think because this is an investing for equity, I do think we need the hearts to come back. And we need hearts to speak for justice. And we need hearts that will say, this is how I'm going to invest my money. And we need the way to fight greed is I think to give people a different option. And to say, I am standing here. I'll take my money. You know, I may want it back in 10 years, but let's stand with, you know, let's show people that there's a different way to get at this. And one of my favorite parts of the CDFI industry is the fact that we support so many formerly incarcerated businesses. And this is a huge population in our country that has such a hard time getting formal employment. And CDFIs have been bold partners for decades with those kind of... I think we lost Lisa. I can repeat the question, or Jenna, do you have anything to say to that question? No, I just wanted to say, I think as you fight to be more inclusive, as you fight for more equity, you automatically will begin to have more inclusion, more, you know, more justice. So I wouldn't, I don't look at them very separately. I think you keep on building, as you do that successfully include, reach them, reach the most marginalized, you find you are eventually achieving more justice for those that are really marginalized. And I'm not sure I understood the question while I was trying to read it well, but I kind of think they all go together. So I don't try to, but I would fight for more inclusion and in that process, you know, more justice for the most marginalized and better equity, you know? So, yeah. Crystal, do you have anything to add on any last words for today? Hello? Crystal? Do you have anything to add on any last words for today? I might have lost people as well. Conversation, thank you all for being here. Thank you all for your questions and thank you for the brilliant insight that you brought in today. I just am so, I feel so rich. That's three points to take away, you know, find small trusted grassroots organizations to invest in. You don't need to reinvent the wheel. You know, the solutions are already out there and let's expand our imagination. Let's think bigger in terms of how we define returns, how we define who are the people that get access and don't get access to money. So let's just expand our imagination around investing. So with that, I am going to close. Again, thank you all. I'm not sure if they're staying behind, but I'm just going to end with that. Thank you. Thank you. Bye. Good day.


You know going between recording one piece and vedlan saga such whiplash because one piece I just skip like six minutes of the episode every time to start and this one's like a fat like 20 24 minutes like a one-minute intro But ladies and gentlemen welcome back to channel. My name is jack the bus and today we continue our vedlan saga journey with Sword now the first episode we were in we were introduced to thors and sort of his family and I think this overarching goal, which is to get to venland this just amazing place where it's just fruitful There's like more than just one season and just ice like where they are now and like I said Yeah, I think that's like sort of the goal over the course of this series I'm guessing at least that's what it's setting it up to be that being said we're gonna hop into this if you Knew the channel make sure you drop a sub. It's not too late to jump on and let's get started I don't know why that remind it. Oh, northing That reminded me of the Spongebob movie with a giant boot in the water No, no while they're bathing the English are shameless. Oh My gosh Kings orders this king is evil. Yeah, I was gonna say I'm like I see any place that looks relatively nice I'm like, okay, they either live in tyranny or they're living illegally up and we're and we're back My gosh, this is almost like to meta say those kids like play dead after seeing like people actually dead Yeah, like what if you're not a warrior? Do you live in the afterlife separately?  Yeah, there's a warship coming Another oh, so this has happened before okay, maybe I shouldn't be as worried. Damn. That's pretty They're all just Vikings or having a recruit maybe Thor's the troll Yeah, they're actually trained soldiers Yatsura Do you ask that so casually? Yom's vikings guy. He sounds so cool. Oh Oh, they're respecting him Flokey wait, was that the guy from the first episode at the beginning? No, no, no, it wasn't the first guy was named like Thor Thor ski or something They're all listening The arms Vikings guessing that maybe that's who he was fighting with in the the big very very beginning He's reporting about that Shoot so relative the KIC Shoot is meeting England He doesn't want any part of it Oh He deserted Captain of the young's liking I mean is he gonna fight him to make him I Doing what gathering people Chance redeem himself and their leader's eyes That's more like intimidation I think he changed and he formed this life here and wanted wanted it a certain way that's why he deserted They're actually excited oh gosh, they don't know like the horrors of war I think if Thor's goes he's going alone. He doesn't want to rope anybody in the village into it Dude those are different beasts He's gonna do it to take the place of anybody else So the yoms vikings are a big deal Like that is like a measurement Oh, they're leaving I think he said yes Oh So Thor's definitely said yes, but he's just asking if there's anybody else that wants to partake They'll take anybody they can so they're sitting one battleship Dude, I feel like this dude Thor's. Oh, this is so sad man They're all celebrating like being able to represent themselves Especially the scene we saw when Thor's was in battle thinking only of Helga He's like they will know they will understand Gosh One day It's like a switch flipped inside him Oh, he literally faked his death And he'll do anything to avoid the village being hurt we've seen that well not really but like the whole sheep thing He cares about other people more than himself far more What if he'll forbid anyone to come with him wait the store fin really think he's going a little guppy. Oh Shoot the warship What leave Eric's is joining Safer than traveling alone shrew actually Merchant going alone. Dude. It's I love the helm so I don't know if you call it a help. I love that Everyone loves war. It's like this fantasy for kids play. I said we've already seen like the depths that it goes Whatever that switch flipped It's kind of dark man You were supposed to be dead He's breaking the rules like Thor fence gonna be very upset whatever he's told no because I think 1 million percent Things he's going at this point in time That's from your son He broke that gives arm Got a little too competitive They'll grow to be a good fighter.  Oh my gosh. He's so excited and gung-ho It's gonna be so sad I think Thorfinn already wants to be that age where he doesn't have a wooden sword He's done playing with wooden toys This is a worrying trend There's the chest.  You know I mean this pretty though. Oh So they're called swords technically He's like I don't know Jeremy down the street No one has any enemies He has to Does Thor's truly believe that nobody has any enemies like truly or any reason to hurt someone else I'm thinking like the extremities like someone comes in murders your whole family.    Oh my gosh And from what we've seen from his man.  It's not like he's gonna be like well What did he do? He's gonna be like, oh gold free stuff. Sure, man. Why not?   Yeah, take care of him for me Well, he's trying his best to leave behind this this I guess sort of like beacon of peace for Thorfinn's I can't imagine how much it just like pained Thor's to walk in and see Thorfinn holding the knife or holding the The sword like especially because of that one Single impactful scene we had in the very first episode of him like having that switch flips I'm glad we got to see that moment and now we can sort of compare it to the today But guys that has been it for my reaction to sword I hope you enjoyed makes you leave a like on this one, and I'll catch you next time. Peace. Peace