Everything that she knows she's willing to teach to her dad, Chris Lemma. Emily Lemma. That's not what I put down. Many people like to think of listicles as useless and click-baity. Ten recipes for your crock-pot. Five tips for your Instagram feed that are guaranteed to get you another hundred followers. Worse yet, the 15 exercises for a flat stomach. We've all seen it. Maybe you've clicked on it. Well I'm gonna give you a better listicle. That's the top ten movies of all time. It's right here on my phone. That would be number one, Inception.  It's a really great movie if you haven't seen it. Limitless. Memento. The one where he can't remember anything and he just keeps going back in time. It's really hard to follow. But still a great movie. Divergent. Maze Runner. Both of those are books. The Matrix. Definitely a classic. Star Wars. I could put all of those on this list. But I'm gonna say the best one is A New Hope. It's the one that I saw first. If you have a problem with which one I saw first, you can talk to my dad. Titanic. If you're looking for a good cry, that's a great movie to cry a lot. Tomorrowland by Disney. It's a really interesting one. And then Harry Potter 7, part two. Another great one for cries. Maybe you have a different list. But I don't want your list. I want you to write your list, which brings us to 13 blogging tips from a 13-year-old. Let's get right into it. Tip number one. Take your own photos. Maybe they're gonna put that on. I don't know. Your own photos. The first part of this is photos. It's good to have those in your posts so you don't have just a long block of texts. That's not super exciting. Spice up your site a little bit and put some photos in there. But not only that, take your own photos. Why? Well, this is from my site www.mooielema.com. You see how I just put that right in there. Go check that out. And this right here is my very own photo. Is it the best taken photo in the world? Absolutely not. But it's mine. I took that. It's of my work and that's important because two things. The first is that you are building a connection with your audience. This is my very own project. You get to see it and you're seeing a part of me. Now maybe you're not talking about a project, but you can take a picture about what was in your mind's eye when you were thinking about a concept. Your audience sees that and they see you. And that's a connection that you're really striving for when you blog. The other thing is when you get photos from stock images, your site starts to look like every other site out there. I'm going to tell you a little story. My family and I were looking for a handyman and we went through a whole bunch of sites and we started seeing the same three images over and over and over again. You know what? Pretty sure that's not your employee that works for all of your sites. Yeah, no. Those were all stock images. But when we found one that showed you their employees and their projects that they had worked on, that was the one. That's the one we chose. Hands down. Take your own photos. That's the first tip. The second is use headings. We already talked about long blocks of text. Nobody likes them. This is what determines if a reader stays on your post or not. Because there's two things to know about this world and whether you like it or not. Nobody likes long blocks of text. Everybody skims.  And between that put a couple paragraphs, not too much, but use a lot of headings. Because if they're going to skim, you want your message out there. They're still going to read it. Does it matter if they read every single word that you posted? Some people will and that's great. But some people won't. And you still want your message out there for them to read it. You're going to need headings. Really important. That was a fast one. Number tip. Number tip. Wow. Number two. Use headings. I'm pretty sure tip isn't a number. I should check out my math teacher. Number three. Have an opinion. I'm in high school. I read textbooks. I read a lot of books. Facts. Really boring. But if you have an opinion on those facts, that's where it gets really interesting. I'd like to hear that. What's your take? This is a post that I wrote about a song. And what the song I think means. The life lessons that you should take away from a three minute song. How much can you get out of a three minute song? Some people will say basically nothing. But my opinion is that you can get several life lessons out of it. I go line by line. And I take the facts and then I blow them up and I talk about my opinions on each fact. That's interesting. That's important. That's what your audience wants to hear. So give them that. Have an opinion. Because facts aren't interesting and they're not helpful. Your opinion is. Number four. Put your picture somewhere on the site. My picture right there, I had bangs. Should probably update that. Maybe that was a mistake. I don't know. But my picture is on the site and it's on the sidebar. So you can see it when you're at the homepage and also while you're viewing a post. This is another one about connection. You're going to get through this whole talk and I'm going to say connection a lot. Connection is the word of the day. A connection with your audience is super important. It's what makes you not a ghost at a keyboard.  I don't know you. I don't know who you are. Why you're putting out your facts. Yes, have an opinion, but know who that opinion is by. So have your picture on the site. You're building a connection. That's important. Number five. Always be helpful. People come to Google with questions. Your post pops up and those people want answers. They need answers because they ask the question. So give them your answer. Give them your opinion. Give them your tips. Teach them what you know. Give your expert opinions. That's what they want. Give the people what they want. Help them out. Remember that the object, the goal of blogging is to help people out. You've got information. You're giving them your information. If you blog about your life, why are you blogging about your life? So people can read it and learn. Don't make your mistakes and have success where you had success. You're helping people out and that's the goal. That's why you want the connection. So that they feel safe when they take advice from you. Be helpful. The goal is to be helpful. So keep that in mind as you write. This right here is actually about speaking. This post is about the upsides of not using notes. And I'm teaching you. I'm being helpful. And that's the goal. Remember that. Tip number five. Big number. Remember it. Always be helpful. We're getting through these pretty fast. This is good. Tip number six. Allow comments. This can be scary. I know.  But comments are also a great way to connect with your audience. And that's what we're striving for. You want open communication with your audience. I've gotten comments that range from what are you using on your site as your theme. I'm using Astra. All the way to how do you know what to write. I'm a blogger and I'm struggling and I don't know what to write. And I help them because help is important. We just talked about that. Comments is a great way to connect with your audience and build that community that you want. However, like I said, it's scary to get hate comments. Mean comments about your post. Yeah, this wasn't this wasn't your best. I don't agree with what you're saying because you put your opinion out there and I disagree. So delete anything and everything that you find to be mean to you or your community. Protect them. It's important. And tip number seven. Don't worry about looks. This is my home page. Nothing super special. How's my name and my picture and my posts? Is it beautiful? Maybe not. But that's not what's important. What's important is the content. Because people come to your site not looking for something beautiful to look at, but to answer a question, to know about you. They're coming to your site looking for the content. So don't focus all of your time on what your site looks like. Focus a little bit of time there and then move on to your content because that's what people are looking for. Tip number eight. This is one of the biggest. Haven't about page. Your picture is not enough. Your about page is all about you. You're going to tell your audience about yourself. Why should they believe you about your opinions? What's your experience? Tell them some personal stuff too. Like what's your favorite color? I don't know. Make it personal. This helps your audience connect with you in a way that they don't connect with some other websites. This is my about page. Maybe you've been reading it. I don't know. But this helps you connect with what I'm saying. And this helps you know if you'll be able to relate to me when I talk about my experiences. I have a friend. Her name is Navea and she posts about fashion. I know her and I respect her opinion. I respect it more than I would respect the opinion of cosmopolitan. Yeah, they're super successful. But I don't know who the heck is writing for them. How do I know that I can trust what they're saying? But I can trust my friend Navea because I know about her.  They aren't your personal friends, but with your about page, they can feel like they are your personal friends. They know you and now they feel comfortable with you to go into your posts and read them and understand you and where you're coming from. They get it and they will respect your opinion too. More than they'll respect other sites. Tip number nine. Finish when your thought is out. A lot of people struggle with how long should my post be? Should it be 500 words, 1,000 words, 12 words? I don't know. One of these posts is over 20 paragraphs long. That's intentionality. I had a lot to say about that. Don't tell my English teacher this because she'll have me do extra work, but that's over four or five paragraph essays. And I wrote that in like one night. The other isn't even five paragraphs. I didn't have a lot to say about pen pals. I thought it was an important post, but there's not much to say about it. You explain what it is. You explain why it's important. Boom, you're done. There's not really a perfect place to end your post because it's not really important. What's important is that your thought is out. Your content is out there. People will read it if you're using your headers. So don't think, all right, I've got to make it to 500 words. Keep writing, keep writing, keep writing. I have to make it to 1,000 words. Keep writing, keep writing, keep writing. 2,000 words. It's not how far you can go. Finish when your thought is out. When you've completed what you were going in with, what you were going to try and say, when you're done with that, when you've written what you can write, you're done. And that's it.  There's this handy, dandy little button called save draft. I really like this because you can tinker with a post until it feels just right. Especially if it's a post that's near and dear to your heart. Some of those posts that are really important to you will come out super fast. You'll write it all in one night and it'll be great and it's perfect. You're like, all right, I just did that because your heart knows what it wants to say. Others, you'll want to mess around with for a bit. You want to make sure that what you're putting out there is what you truly believe. So hit the save draft until you're ready to publish.  You don't have to be done with a post after you're finished with your first draft, but by all means, hit publish. This is not from my site. It is actually from my lovely mothers right here in the first row. Say hi, mom. She runs a site called giftedlives.com. Go check that out. It's a lot of stories about me and my brother, so maybe don't check it out. She is a victim of the infamous imposter syndrome. She doesn't want to hit publish. She's so afraid to hit publish. What if it's not good enough? But her posts are great. So figure out for you what it's going to take to hit publish. For my mom, she likes to run it by me, and then my brother, and then my dad, and then five other people on Facebook. I don't know. She likes to check back to the prompt, which is usually a question asked by someone on Facebook, and then she's like, all right. I'm ready. For me, a long time, it was asking my dad, hey, is this all right? Is this a good post? Now I just have to take a deep breath and be ready and hit it because I've been blogging for five years. Whatever it takes for you to feel comfortable enough to hit publish, that's what it is. Use it. Do it over and over and over and over again until eventually all it takes is number 12. This one is one of the hardest to follow. Keep at it. I had a really hard time with keeping at it for most of that five years. There were times where I would take three months off of blogging because I didn't know if I was going to have anything good to say. The most recent one of those was I blogged in October and didn't blog again until like two weeks ago because I was so nervous. You're probably wondering now why am I listening to her, but it's okay to take breaks. We have to keep at it. Take breaks with the promise that you're going to come back and write more. Don't throw the side away. Don't say I'm never doing this again because you should. You should keep going. And eventually you'll get into the groove of it and you'll keep writing and you'll enjoy it again. But don't give up. This is my post dashboard. It's full of posts. And yours might not be there yet. And that is perfectly okay because it took me a really, really long time to get here. Don't check the dates on those. There are big gaps in between. But yeah, it'll take time because you have to keep going over and over and over again. Keep hitting publish, save draft, and then hit publish again. This last tip is one that not a lot of people want to hear. I get a lot of excuses, but you will find your voice. A lot of people have questions about how do I find my voice? Well, how do I know what words to use? Is this word too big or like, is it too simple? How do I know what punctuation I should be using? Should I use that semicolon? Is this a comma splice? Is that okay? Is this creative writing or formal writing? I don't know what to say. Don't be worried, because it will come naturally with time, with keeping at it. And you'll start recognizing it. It's not about choosing a voice. It's about letting your voice come to you. Do you use a lot of compound sentences when you write? Maybe you do. That's your voice. This is a post where I have a question mark and an exclamation point. And a heart. I wrote this when I was like, little, okay, don't judge me. That's my voice. That's how I write. I write really casually. Maybe you write it like, this is like your college entry essay. If that's how you write, then write like that. That's totally fine. But don't try to go looking for your voice, because your voice is already there and it's inside you, and you just have to wait until you find it. And when you find it, it'll be a big moment for you. You'll realize, I've had this the entire time. And that's your voice. Those are 13 tips. It took me a really, really, really long time to compile this. Like, writing the speech didn't take too long, but to get here with 13 tips took me five years. And in five years of your blogging, you'll have 13 more tips. You'll have your own. And in five years, I'll have more. Because it's a journey. That's a little bonus one. Blogging is a journey. Thanks for coming. I really hope this has helped you. You can follow me on Instagram, Twitter. You can check out my website or you don't have to. I don't, that's you. But feel free to reach out to me while you're here. I want to know you, I want to know your story. I want you to be a part of this community. I'm making a connection with my audience connection. And I wish you the best of luck with your blogging journey. I think we're allowed to do questions now. Jesse has a microphone. Questions? So as a minor, how do you feel, how safe do you feel about sharing personal information online? I don't share specifics. I don't share names. I don't share a lot of things, but a story is a story.  I blog about life lessons. What does a 13-year-old know? But I do know a couple things. And I keep that there. And it's stories. And it is about my life. And I do feel comfortable sharing that. But I don't give a lot of specifics. So yeah, I'm not gonna put out my address. But no specifics, just the stories. Just the lessons. This is my brother. What do you wanna know? How would you get out of a point of time where you haven't been blogging? Well, it's hard. I have to sit back down at my computer. Most of the time when I don't write, it's not because I've been sitting at a blank page. It's mostly because I've been like, I don't have time or I don't have anything to write. But when you sit down at a computer and you have a blank page, you gotta fill it. You have to write something. I like to think about what's been happening in my life recently, since the last time I blogged. So the last time I blogged with that big stretch that I was talking about, I had blogged about Inktober because it was October, that's an art thing. I blog about art a little bit more now. And I had realized that since that, I've gotten really into bullet journaling. So I thought I'd post about that. So when you've taken a time off, open up your computer, set up that blank page, think about what's happened in your life since you last posted, something will ring a bell, write it. That's it. Hi, Emily, great job. I have worked in corporate world and I have a, I've seen a lot of presentations in yours, this top notch, I'm gonna do really, really well. I guess a question for you, so I'm trying to relate, right? So I'm going back, we're gonna say how many years, but do you ever find when you're blogging, is there any kind of social pressure to cater your content around maybe what you're hearing from friends and stuff like that? Or do you manage, do you manage to keep true to your own voice and only write about those things that's truly coming from you? That's a really good question. Um, I didn't really share my blog with my friends until I got Instagram, which was a couple months ago. So I never felt like my friends were watching. It was mostly my parents, my parents' friends, a whole bunch of adults, and I never felt a lot of pressure from them. Now that I do have friends watching, I will admit it's a little scary to write about life lessons because when faced with my friends, it feels like I don't know much, which is why I turned more to art where I know what I'm talking about. So there is a bit of pressure, but my quote unquote voice is still the casual tone it's always been when I'm having a conversation. What I write about just kind of changed and I think it changed even before I shared my blog with my friends that I knew that I was getting more into art and that was where I was gonna go with this. So yeah, little bit of pressure. How often do you blog, like how many posts do you think is a good amount to do during a week? During a week? I don't know about you guys, but being a freshman in high school, there's a lot that I'm doing. So I post as much as I can, but usually it's only about once a week. And there's a lot in my life and I'm sure that with adults it's the same that you have work and stuff. So just try and fit it in where you can, but life happens. So I try to stick to about one a week if I can because I know I have the weekends. But yeah, one a week is a good place to start. I just wanna know how you were introduced to WordPress. That is a lovely story. Well, my dad found WordPress first. And this dude right here, super cool, great blogger. I don't know where he's at right now, but he used to blog like every single day. He's been working in WordPress for the longest time and I remember I was at like Christmas party and I turned to my dad and I'm like, dad, you blog. He's like, yeah, I do. And I'm like, when can I get a blog? He's like, when you're eight, I was seven at the time. There was a good year. And of course in his mind it was like, it's a seven year old in a year, she's gonna totally have forgotten about this. Now while most dads wake up to, good morning dad, my dad woke up to, dad, I'm so excited, I'm gonna get a blog. And I said that every day until I was eight and he's like, all right, well I gotta get her a blog at this point. So that's my WordPress story. Really more of his. So you talk about not having to publish every time you start a story, kind of two part, is based on how many incomplete posts do you have right now and what do you do with posts that just go nowhere halfway through it? Well the first part, how many incomplete do I have right now? None at the moment. I try to go back and tinker with that post if I'm feeling like writing and then publish it because coming back with a fresh look and saying this is gonna be my post for the day, that's really helpful to not leave a whole bunch of drafts in there but if I know that this is gonna take a long time, I'll move on to the next one. As of right now, I don't have any incompletes. When a post is really gonna go nowhere, I realize that it's not the right post to write, that I clearly don't know enough about this topic to write about it so I usually scrap it until I do know, I'll write down what I was gonna write about but I scrap it until further notice when I do know what I'm talking about more and then I go back to that prompt and I rewrite it. So do you keep a journal or a long-running list of topics that you'd like to talk about, to blog about in the future? There's a lot, I keep, yes. I don't think I can walk into any store that sells journals without buying one unless I don't have money with me and if not then my mother does and I have to ask her and you say how many journals do you already have and I'm like give or take 10 but yeah, there's a lot and some of them are blank but some of them do have a purpose where I write about my day-to-day stuff I can look back into there and say all right, what's been happening in my life lately? What have I learned?  Clearly it's passed so how did I deal with it? I can write about that. I also have this handy-dandy iPhone so if an idea comes on the fly I can write it down in my notes app which I currently have like 50 notes, a lot. So yeah, I have a lot of journals, I have a notes app with lots of notes in them because ideas come all the time.  That's a really hard one for me because I've got this amazing role model right here that has made it and I always look up to him so I still haven't made it because I'm not like him yet. I don't get asked to speak at word camps. I don't go to several word camps per month. I don't have a bazillion people reading all the time so take it away dad. I'm going to go under the bus right now. Not even that. The question is how do you know when you've made it? I will tell you this when I first started writing for a period of three years I wrote every single day, seven days a week for three years straight on just WordPress. So when I started I had like 12 views and then 30 views and then 50 views and one day I got 100 views. I called my wife into my office and I'm like, look at this Google curve. Like I just, it's 100 views, right? No, it's just going. And she said, don't worry, it'll go back down. Most of the strikes again. So I think you know you've made it when the haters show up, right? That's how you know. When the haters show up then you're in a good spot. That while it took him a very long time to get to 100 he has some lovely friends that decided let's get as many people to get to Emily's site for her first post as possible and I got 100 in a day. So that felt like, made it. You sit in the splash zone right there. Welcome to my stand-up comedy. Made it again. Back on? It's also, all right, I bumped it. So seeing how you've been influenced to get into WordPress by your parents, do they let you admit it or do they keep their hands off? They do. They keep their hands off. They let me write what I write. For a long time I showed my post to my dad but that was of my own free will. I wanted his approval. I don't even know when the last time he checked my post before I published it was because they've been super great about letting me run this. So what about like that? Yeah, usually I go to my dad for that. Because. I don't even get paid for that. Yeah, yeah. So I'll go to him for that because he knows a lot of options. So he helps me out with that a lot. But post-wise, they keep their hands off most of the time. I got a follow-up question. What's your favorite plugin? We're gonna find out at Plugin' Palooza. I think we have time for one more question. All right. I know you said that there's really no amount of words so that you need to have on your blog but I'm finding that when I, well, since I just started, that they do seem to have a number that they say you should follow. But what's your take on that? I mean, I know you said that there really isn't a number of words but should it be like at least 200 or at least, you know what I'm saying? Well. Okay, he has an answer. If you have an answer, you take it, man. Well, I like what you said. I like what you said but I just, yeah.  Yeah. That was your website so I'll keep my hands off your blog. So you're gonna get a lot of opinions on length. You're gonna get a lot of opinions. This is just one more opinion but I think that the thing that she said is the most important thing which is get the thought out and be done, right? Because you're still writing for people. So if it takes you 200 words and it takes you 700 words for something different and 1200 words for something different, get the thought out, do it well, be helpful, all the stuff she'd mentioned and in general, the minds behind Google will continue to adjust their answers to what audiences end up wanting. But you will still hear people say, well, if it's under 300, it's not gonna be part of the social graph that Google's gonna make of the article and therefore you're not gonna get it indexed. People will say, well, if it's not the average, it's now 15 to 2500 words is what's getting the most traction and the most backlinks and of course backlinks are a function of what we do, right? We go, ooh, that's a great resource, let me link to that, right? So Google is a follower of what all of us are doing and so that answer is always gonna adjust depending on how we adjust. But if you follow the I'm gonna be helpful and I'm gonna write until I'm done and then I'm done and I'm not gonna add more to it just to make it fluff, I think it'll be in a relatively good spot. Because that's the problem I'm talking about. Yeah. When I read that, it's gonna be start over. Right. Yeah. All right, thank you guys very much. I think I'm supposed to say that.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here So total film magazine shared some new recent images from halloween kills some new stales from the film Highlighting particularly one of the opening moments that we know will happen based off of the trailer that came out a few weeks ago involving firefighters We also know that the strode women will be in the backseat of a truck as we saw at the end of Halloween 2018 We have an image of that and we have an image of Cameron getting choked out or grabbed by the throat at least by the shape as It looks like that would be the aftermath of what we saw in the trailer anyway when Michael was reaching for his throat when he was aiming with a gun however, we also learned some things regarding what we may expect for Lori Stroll or Jamie Lee Curtis commented on Lori Stroll's fate sort of not really she's kind of backtrack in a Recent interview when speaking to total film magazine. She just made some comments on what? We can look forward to or start to speculate about I guess regarding Halloween ends We know that supposed to be coming out next year, but before I get into that. I just want to jump into these images Here's the first image. We of course see Michael sticking it to the fireman or the firefighter We saw this in the trailer. He's of course going to kill this person and He's going to kill a lot more than just one as we saw This isn't even the firefighter that was inside the house We know we know this is one of the ones that were outside watching him like he was some type of god-like figure Rising from the ashes like a phoenix And this is just one of the firefighters that are going to get killed One of many that we know will get killed in that sequence regarding him escaping Lori Stroll's trap that she set for him. This other image here shows the strolled women sitting in the back of that truck that we saw Highlighted at the end of the 2018 film and I believe Allison is still holding that knife holding on to that knife that we saw her holding at the end of the first movie so I'm glad that's here attention to detail and They all of course look exhausted. They've been through it. They just want this and honey to be over Of course, it's not going to be over until Halloween ends is over and then in the last image We have Cameron again getting choked by the shape here in this I think this is honestly the most beautiful image out of the three. I like the tense the blue tent here I like the way this captures. It's kind of very reminiscent to Michael sort of admiring his work after he kills Paul in the original film kind of tilt his head back and forth For those of you who've seen that film You know exactly what I'm talking about and then I want to jump into What Jamie Lee Curtis had to say when speaking to Total Magazine? Total Film magazine so we know that the film will be premiering at the Venice Film Festival and Lori not Lori Jamie Lee Curtis will be accepting an award for her efforts these past couple years as she's been an actress in this industry They're honoring her recognizing her. I know there's gonna be a very big knife for her and then What she had to say to Total Film magazine regarding what we can expect for Halloween ends She said some she shared some tidbit if tidbits of information She said that she was in the quote. She said I would say given what I know about the next movie I think it will be the last time that I will play her but she kind of sidesteps that and She elaborates by saying and I'm not saying something like oh because I die. It's nothing to do with that I'm talking about emotionally what they have constructed. I think it will be a spectacular way to end this trilogy Now of course Lori Stroll can have an emotional end without dying But this just convinces me that she's dying I'm being honest. That doesn't mean the character will die because again She she she backtracks to kind of clear that up and say that she's not saying she's dying She's not confirming that we're gonna get Halloween resurrection all over again But at least if we do I think a lot of the fandom would argue that this death would at least feel a lot more Rewarded and when I say rewarded not that the character should die But more heartfelt more impactful more meaningful and a better fitting into the character as opposed to how Halloween Resurrection was constructed because the biggest gripe that many people had with the opening of Halloween resurrection Stems from how Convoluted the opening end of itself is trying to rationalize what we clearly saw happen at the end of Halloween H2O Despite them, of course not planning to actually kill Michael Myers in that film The plan all along apparently was for that to not be Michael Myers or for them to somehow just make come up with something to Arrace that from being the being the shape that we saw at the end of Halloween H2O and then you have that Convolutedness topped on to now killing the person who we are already invested in who is considered the heart and soul of this Franchise the person who we thought finally killed the shape in Halloween H2O Only to die in a very lackluster way From being highly stupid with her actions mind you So hopefully if they kill her in Halloween ends, it's nothing that's reminiscent of that at all I think what I talked about briefly just then is what the most is what people had a problem with with how She was killed in resurrection. It's it's tacked on to one of the most convoluted things in this franchise David Gray said it best that whole thing you were in your head.  She elaborated saying that she's not trying to say that she just thinks it's a Very she's talking about the emotion the emotional aspect of it and what they have constructed It's a spectacular way to end the trilogy. So that could be her and Myers dying together. It could be Allison strode Getting the final nail in the coffin against Myers after Lori fails to defeat the shape But before she kind of dies She gives a last bit of confidence words of encouragement to Allison who then goes on to kill the shape once and for all and get revenge for the death of Not only Lori because again, I'm still convinced Karen will die, too I'm I'm convinced Allison stroll will be the one left standing having lost her grandmother and her mother But the way that Lori dies, it'll probably be more of like a sacrifice way. She sacrifices herself to save her granddaughter That's why I'm saying that would be more emotional and more meaningful Compared to what happened with Halloween resurrection where she died from basically it in a more Direct way Laura strode it died in Halloween resurrection from being stupid.  It's like why are you reaching to take off this mask? No, you don't need to be sure this time. You don't need to be sure. No, you don't need to be sure You need to kill him But yeah, I don't necessarily think that she'll that she'll make it out alive I think she's honestly just trying to save that she's going to die. That doesn't mean she'll die I just I'm convinced she'll die based off of those comments But let me know what you got things about these images and low and Jamie Lee Curtis's words down in the comment section below If you're Howard and Mary make sure you subscribe turn on post notification and miss a video in the description I have links to my social media accounts on my Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there of course there's any movies news or views I'm gonna cover in the future and with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


from New Orleans, Louisiana, at theCUBE, covering .NEXT Conference 2018, brought to you by Nutanix. Welcome back to theCUBE, SiliconANGLE Media's live production of Nutanix .NEXT Conference here in New Orleans, Louisiana. I'm Stu Miniman joined by my co-host Keith Townsend. Happy to welcome back to the program, also fresh off the keynote stage, the founder, CEO, and chairman of the publicly traded Nutanix. Dheeraj Pandey, thanks for joining us. Thank you for your time, by the way. Dheeraj, it's always a pleasure. One of the things we say about theCUBE is we want to take those conversations that we're having at events in the industry and share them out. And we've had the opportunity to have many of them over the years. So to start off with, when you take us back, some of the keynote you say, five years ago, couldn't really predict what was going to happen now. Yet, I talked in our open here. The first interview that we did with you back in 2012, talking about the challenges over time and distributed architectures, it's more real today than it was back in 2012. Cloud has matured and is a little bit more nuanced today. The application space is exploding and changing more than ever. I guess inside a little bit, when you talk about the vision that you had for Nutanix, any major learnings on things that have surprised you along the way and what things have played out exactly like you thought they would? Well, we'll start with the easy one, which is the way things have played out, what we wanted them to play out like. I think the idea of commoditization of hardware, the fact that things will become pure software, things, all these hardware devices should look like apps, was one of our sort of big prognosis early on, like six, seven, eight years ago. And largely everybody's talking about soft to define everything in them. And that's not to say that hardware doesn't play a role, it's just that it becomes more invisible in the sense that with software running on top and the fact that you have economies of scale coming with standardization in hardware, a lot of things will move to pure software. That's really worked out well. Disaggregation has worked out well in our favor, the fact that you'd stop buying big things and you start small and pay as you grow. I think consumerization has really, and this is a word that is a cliche in many senses, but what does it mean to have consumer-grade experience of enterprise-grade systems, which is a paradox in itself, to say that you have consumer-grade experience for enterprise-grade systems, but I think that has turned out really well for us. And in the staying power of everything eventually is, can you build reliable systems? Can you build highly available systems? I mean, because building trust with the enterprise is really hard and there's lots of startups that have come and gone, that have over promised and under delivered and I think that's one of the things that has really worked in our favor to be really methodical and robust with the way we build our systems, especially the backend systems and it's showing up in the front end as well. Surprise, surprise. I think the fact that it's mega-distributed now, not just distributed because distributed over a LAN is one thing, but distributed over a WAN is a very different thing altogether and you need to really think about the basic tenets of computer science about state and migration and caching and a lot of this is coherency, consistency, availability, network partitioning, there's a lot of things you need to think about in a very different way than you used to think about on a LAN itself. Yeah, I want to drill into one of the things, the move to a software model. You and I've talked since the early days Nutanix at its core, it's software you do. Changing how people think and consume and boy, getting the financial arm of companies, your channel partners, your sales people and your customers, that's a challenging piece there. There was one of the customers I've already talked to this week that said one of the things we always had was I buy stuff and you tend to over buy and you could never kind of shrink down. Now, if I go to a software model, I have a certain piece of it that I really understand and then I buy and I can even kind of dial back as needed. Maybe explain some of the nuances and some of those changes, how's the field doing with this, how's the channel adopting to this and any customer stories, yeah. I think there's a, especially for ambitious companies, there's always a Netflix moment, there's always an Adobe Omniture moment. Look at these companies. 10 years ago, Adobe was a $3 billion company in 2007 but they said we need to dramatically look at consumption model as the big differentiator going forward actually. Even though they had digitized Blockbuster and Hollywood videos and so on, they said it's not enough to digitize them further. I mean, Apple had digitized music with 99 cent songs but the music player itself needed digitization and I think that's what happened with iPhone bringing a music player on as an app itself. Photography was digitized because we could now do JPEG files back and forth and emails but the camera itself needed further digitization and the camera became an app. So I think there is multiple layers of digitization that needs to happen. I think as a company we digitize a lot of hardware devices but as a company we had to digitize ourselves even further on. This is our digital transformation. The fact that you can consume Nutanix in ways that are even more invisible.  You know, all of a sudden the sales funnel is warmer because you look at sales funnel, you don't need people up there to really go do POCs and kick the tires and the technology and so on. So software provides access which is probably at the core of an operating system. If you don't have access, if you're not freely distributable then you'll always stay at the mercy of the appliance gravity. Because appliance is gravity, it's hardware. You need to ship things. There's physical objects being shipped. There are logistics, there is capital expenditure. There's a lot of things involved that really keeps you sort of anchored to the bottom and the only way to unleash this is to really bring more digital delivery models and software is one such thing.  And we're doing things in the channel that makes it really unique because the customer experience doesn't have to change. In some sense, we're really saying can we have the cake and eat it too. And that's what we're really doing so that the true North, which is customer experience doesn't take any kind of hit while we can actually look at going and selling the value of software at South corner. And as you know about XI, I mean, just doing software alone is just the first step towards digital transformation. The further digitization is when nothing is visible on-prem for a new time. Everything is totally invisible and you can swipe the credit card and you can sign up in a matter of seconds. I think that is where the real epitome of digitization will be for the company. So let's talk about the impact of becoming a software company. I love some of the stories, as you said, the ability to download software and kit the tires. I've seen some really geeky stuff. People running prism on bare metal clouds, this use cases that I didn't really consider. What are some of the more interesting things that your partners and customers are doing that you didn't expect? Like, what's the surprises? Well, it starts with the tinkers. The most important thing about any good software company is tinkers do things that you never imagined you could do. And it comes down to API, then it comes down to access. I have an app on my iPhone, it's called iBeer. Now Apple opened up its oscilloscope, its accelerometer, its compass. Now you can basically fill a beer in your iPhone and you can drink it and it works for you as well. I don't think the company knew that when it opens up its API is what are the possibilities, what kind of apps people will build. I think Community Edition has been the core of access for us. People can just download it on an Intel Nook and do things with it. In fact, the Nook is part of a drone now, so you can actually have an entire data center in the drone and the drones can replicate to each other and failover from each other. And in fact, we're talking to a lot of very large oil and gas and remote vertical organizations which are really looking for, what does it mean to miniaturize a data center? And then at the same time do very serious stuff and it back it up and trypt it, compress it, replicate it, all sorts of things. When you put event processing, like how do you put a Kafka bus on a mini PC size server, I think, palm size server? These are all the things that we hadn't imagined three, four, five years ago. But the fact that Nutanix can be shrunk-wrapped into a palm size server, it takes this possibility of the edge to the next level actually. So the show floor is growing. You hit on API, critical part of building an ecosystem, becoming a true platform player. What are some of the more impressive parts of growth when it comes to ecosystem? I would bring it back to all the applications. We've done a tremendous job of applications on Nutanix. So if you look at North, South and East West, always look at things North, South, East West. North, South is apps and hardware. So hardware platforms and apps on top of us. I think we've done a really good job of that. East West, look at data protection, business continuity, security. A lot of those companies are actually part of our overall ecosystem. And we're still not happy. I think we have to do an even better job. But what's the mules of the equivalent in infrastructure? Nobody thinks of integration in the operating system world today. It's mostly point-to-point. Okay, I am Nutanix, you are Arista. We'll do point-to-point. I am Nutanix, you are F5, we'll do point-to-point. What if there's a real event bus where you could just publish topics and you become a radio station? And there's Tivo, because you can go back in time, look at three days ago, what events happened and so on. There's a whole aspect of putting a multicast tree of events that becomes a real groundswell of integration. But in different kinds of appliances, virtual appliances, physical appliances, hardware below us, software above us, I think that has yet to happen in the industry and a lot of our developers are now talking about like what's the mule soft for Nutanix. So I think there's a lot of innovation that infrastructure is not seen because we always think differently than apps. But if you thought like app companies, we'd do things like app companies. And you'd see us in the next couple of years do something really interesting with, you know, build a system bus which is a pub-sub-like model as opposed to a restful request response-like model actually. Yeah, Dheeraj, give us a little more color on some of those partnerships. I've seen Google and IBM on stage in the past. You're now over a billion dollars in revenue, public companies, so have to imagine some of these companies treat you a little differently. And the ones I kind of initially want to hear of, but you're welcome to run with it, is the server players and the cloud players as to how you see, how much can it just be, we do our thing, and how much do they need to work with you? Yeah, absolutely. Well, look, a billion is still a small number. We are more like VMware of 07. And the VMware of 07 was still a test and dev company, by the way. They hadn't done anything production at all. People are still tinkering with databases and Microsoft apps and so on and 07. So we are small. We're still not a very big company. I think there's a lot of headroom for us in the coming years. The thing is that we've taken the tougher route, by the way. Tough route being we didn't have to sell ourselves to EMC. To go to VMware, did it. If you think about it, that asset was worth 60 billion eventually. It was sold for 600 million. It's 100x smaller price to EMC because they actually seeded the ground on go to market. They said, no, no, it's really hard. We need EMC to go and really do the distribution piece. And as a company, we said, no, no, I think there is value in building go to market on our own. Look at your cap table. Our cap table is clean. We have dual class voting structure and things like that. The things that VMware would die for, looking at from a financial investor point of view that we have, that they don't. Because we took the tougher route to really come to build a business. Now, if you talk about hardware companies below us and when I say below, I don't mean pejoratively, but you know, the stuff that runs underneath us. Stop that. I think NX has been a great way to build a market because if you hadn't done Supermicro, it wouldn't be here actually. I mean, this architecture would have been a child's play, a science project, foreign thinker, more so than what it has become over time because the server vendors took note. They said, oh, you can actually come and displace me. I would rather work with you because there's a lot of value we can bring to the table as well. So in that vein, I think what we've done with Dell, what we've done with Lenovo, what we are doing with IBM, Fujitsu, and what we are doing with HP's and Cisco's channel partners. There's a lot of regional love that's forming on the ground with HP's and Cisco's channel partners and salespeople because salespeople are less political than headquarters. Think about strategy tax that headquarters pays versus what salespeople do. Salespeople, I just saw a tweet, I think you talked about an HPE sales guy saying you've got to bring Nutanix to the table because they really respect market forces. For them, market forces are most powerful actually. And above us is in the cloud. I think definitely a lot of work that they do in Google, GCP. But I think as bare metal opens up from these other providers, we probably would be very interested to see exactly how Nutanix XI works in bare metals of these public cloud providers. So you guys, disrupt yourself. There was NX, business was going fine. You guys were starting to build a reputation of being able to support the large enterprise with NX, some of the logistic challenges that you had as a small organization. You were starting to overcome. But you decided, you know what? You're going to untether yourself. Let's zoom out to the industry. If you look at the industry and say, you know what, the advantage that Nutanix has because we're willing to disrupt ourselves, what are the tethers that remain in the industry that you're happy to go for your customers and say, you know what, Nutanix doesn't have these tethers. And if we did, we're easily disrupt ourselves again. What's the competitive advantage? I think it's a great question. In fact, it's a, it is the competitive advantage to say that the glass is half full and it's not a zero sum game. Because there's two kinds of people in the world. There's the zero sum mindset people who actually always think that, you know, if somebody's winning, the other must lose. And then there are growth mindset people who actually feel like, of course, legacy will get disrupted, but the new guys will actually make further progress, future progress. So, you know, as a builder, you know, there's a bias in me and many of us out there in Nutanix that you need to have a growth mindset. And then the growth mindset, just giving a software to an OEM partner doesn't mean that it will shrink yours. It's possible that there's going to be more word of mouth and the market forces will actually appreciate that. I mean, eventually, if somebody has a great relationship with Dell or Lenovo or HP or Cisco or IBM, we'd love to do business with them. And we have to relax some constraints because at the end of the day, you know, this is still not our cloud. Now, in XI, we can do whatever we want. But when we are walking to the customer, saying we want to build a cloud with you, with you is the important word. It's not for you, it's with you. And with you would mean that we'll have to bend a little bit backwards to relax the constraints as well. And that's exactly what we've done. No one else has done this. Same is true for hypervisor, you know. Look at VMware. We go in there and we don't start talking about VMware right away. Like, you know what? Let's talk about architecture. Let's talk about migration. Let's talk about security, automation. And someday we'll sit and talk about whether you need to pay for hypervisor or not. I think we'll do the same things with data protection and, you know, other things we're doing, networking and so on. We're not going to just come in and say this is us and nothing else matters. API's is everything. I mean, think of consumer companies. They've always competed with their partners. And they've done a good job at it. They're like, look, at the end of the day, Spotify is a competitor. Apple music competes with it. But I'm not going to not give them a level playing field. You know, Google Maps, Apple Maps compete. Keynote, number, pages, competes with Microsoft Office. And I think the best companies are very good at being comfortable. You know, Amazon retail, the retailer. They fulfill more than, I would say, half their things not from their warehouse but from someone else's warehouse. And both parties make money actually. It's the growth mindset that creates large companies.  Had great success with the company. You know, it's still one of the things I've loved in our journey on theCUBE is being able to document companies that, you know, we knew from the early days and got over 2,500 employees now. Actually more than 3,500. 3,500. Congratulations. As you talk to people in the Valley or as you're traveling around the world, what advice do you give to potential future entrepreneurs, people that are sitting like you did in the early days and, you know, have a vision for the future? Well, I've gotten a little more philosophical about organizational building. You know, at the core of companies that are building and growing over time is how do you keep reducing friction? And it's not just friction with customers and partners, but also friction within.  There's a division of labor, there's specialization, there's all sorts of things that actually happen as organisms themselves, you know. I think an org is like an organism, you know. And over time, there's a lot of accumulated stress that develops, you know. And if you don't really go and address it, you're not a company, you're basically a business that doesn't understand culture, you know. So what I talk about with a lot of entrepreneurs is really fuzzy words like how do you become authentic in what you do and like, I was in Bloomberg and I talked about the difficulties of design. You know, at the end of the day, most people, maybe not the 10, 15, 20% impressionables, but most people appreciate authenticity. They're like, you know what, that is vulnerable and being vulnerable is the best way to build a relationship, actually. So I talk about vulnerability and trust and organizational design and reducing friction and things of that nature, because once you are so many people, it's all about reducing friction. All right, well, dear Raj, one of the things people I know love about this show is you bring speakers that get us thinking, authenticity, hopefully one of the reasons why you bring the cube, you know, to the event. So thank you so much for joining us again. Always a pleasure. Pleasure. Keith Townsend and I, Stu Miniman, will be back with lots more coverage here of the Nutanix.NEXT conference 2018 in New Orleans. You're watching the cube.


Part two, the cartridge map after getting the new cartridge, the next day, I opened up my PC. I prepared the cartridge I got from the place where the Super Mario World, the lost world vendor was. The cartridge has a torn sticker with a note saying the cartridge map. Written in faded Pental Pen.I was planning to insert the cartridge so I can access it on my computer. Suddenly, my boss called me. I left the computer and the cartridge unplugged. My boss scolded me for being so sleepy at work, blah blah blah, etc. I didn't listen to what he says. All that matters for now is about the cartridge vendor. After for almost 15 minutes of scolding, I went back to my desk and I was surprised to see the cartridge inserted and my computer shut down. I immediately unplugged the cartridge and talked to my deskmate, Gary. Did you inserted this cartridge on my PC? What? Can you see what I am doing? I am doing what you should do. Get back to your work man. I ask others if they inserted the cartridge. But no one said yes. I returned to my PC and booted up. Why? Antivirus window appeared saying 1,566 threats has been successfully quarantined and removed. Virus has been removed upon reboot. I checked the virus names, sality virus, malware, etc. I run an immediate full system scan. No virus was in my PC. I downloaded a new firewall and update my antivirus and proceed to my work. The cartridge is still bothering me. After our lunch break, I returned to my desk and activate all firewalls and antivirus. I plugged in the cartridge and I'm surprised to see plenty of virus. It was like 5k+. I had a hard time plugging in and plugging out and plugging in again the cartridge. But at last, after for almost 8 reboots, I successfully cleaned up the cartridge. The next day, I went and finished my work early. I plugged in the cleaned cartridge and I'm surprised to see thousands of virus. This time, I didn't make any reboot. I checked what's inside the cartridge and I saw a ROM file, text file and an un-executable robotics.rar file. I checked the text. It says that, copy the robotics.rar to the main ROM. It will jam connections and prevail hackers to see and edit the ROM. Please. Beware that after inserting the file, remove it quickly to prevent tormenting malware. Attack. As after reading this, I scanned the rar file and found that it is a push-foot. I. Immediately delete that file and send to quarantine. I made a virus clean up then I reboot. My PC. After opening the ROM, I was surprised to see hundreds of games installed on the ROM. The ROM has mixed games of Mario, Pokemon, Sonic, Barbie, and so on. In the far end of the list, I saw a game named cartridge map. I opened that game. But actually, it's not a game. It's a map of the current city where I am now. It looks like a Google map. There are blue points and one, red point. One of the blue points is the location where the vendor was. It was like a motherboard. The path of electricity represents a road. Something like that. The red point is bit far from our office. The red point was almost three to five miles away from ours. I planned to get to that point. I prepared myself. I went to the office the next few days to resume my job. After two weeks, I packed up and I went to the red point. I forgot the cartridge map on my desk. But fortunately, I have written down a small map on the back of my journal. I went to that location. But as I go near the red point, I found something strange. I checked my phone and I saw that it has no signal. I checked my GPS and its battery is drained. I opened my palm top. But it doesn't making any response. All I can see with it is error connection 102. I continue walking. I made it to a small, abandoned looking building. I went inside and I'm surprised to see horrific pictures on the wall.  I was not comfortable to see it so I went outside and I was shocked to see the cartridge vendor was behind me. I ran as quickly as I can. I stopped on a 7-eleventh store. I went inside and bought some hot dogs. I seat on a vacant place near the window. While eating my food, I checked my phone and I receive a new message, there's a little signal now. I went to my inbox to check it. An unknown number. He says, I'm watching over you. I click the exit button and keep my phone. I went up and consume my food. I looked to the window and I'm surprised to see the cartridge vendor was now in the other road selling his old game cartridges. I ask the cashier if he knows the man selling old GBA cartridges. Here's what he says, do not ever talk to him and do not ever talk about it. He's evil. He continued serving the man on my back. Vendor turning around. It's the point that I noticed that the person behind me buying something on the cashier was the vendor of the game cartridges. I immediately turned again and talked to him. I said, who are you? Hey I'm talking to you. Bring back my cartridge. People on the shop all turned quiet and look at us. Three of them looks like scared. The vendor turned his back and go to his stand. I went back to my house. I have some nightmares about the pictures I see. The next day, I checked out the new on the headlines. The headline was written in bold black and thick letters, old cartridge vendor man. Missing. I went immediately to the 7-elevenths and I ask the cashier about it. He doesn't reply. Whatever I ask. I went to my office. I know, boss would scold my because I'm late. This time, it's different. Everyone was rushing and look like scared. Our boss talked to me, saying, help us remove this plague. I ask my seatmate Gary on what happened. He says, one of our office mates, Leo, tried to insert the cartridge. He played the cartridge. After long hours of playing, he went to the CR. The other officemate found him dead on an office cabinet. People were spilled over the cabinet door. Behind the dead Leo is a message written with blood, give it back. After that, virus attacked the system violently and delete huge amount of data. I checked my PC and I was so surprised to see the picture of the cartridge vendor dead with all cartridges surrounding around him. I stole the cartridge map and went to the red point. I threw the cartridge inside the building and went away immediately. I saw a text message on my phone, thank you, from the similar unknown number. The next day, I checked the newspaper. I saw the cartridge man dead with all cartridges spread all over around him. The cartridge map was staying on the top of his head 1245 noon. I got a new delivery. I was creeped out to see so many cartridges owned by the old cartridge vendor. I put them all to my warehouse.


All right. Hello, everyone. Welcome to the penultimate session for the conference. It's my pleasure to introduce Garth Kong. And he's graciously said that you can interrupt him with questions. However, his talk will be rather quick. So if it's a lengthy question, maybe hold it to the end. There'll be plenty of time. Take it away. Yeah. All right, thank you. Am I good to go? All right. Hello, everybody. My name is Garth. And today, we'll be replicating the interactive flow cytometry workflow in SiteSeq today. So without further ado, let's just get started. So for today's presentation, I want to go over several things. First, I'll give you a background of SiteViz. For example, what is SiteSeq? What are blood cells? What is flow cytometry? And about SiteViz, what it is, why would you use it and when to use this? And during the demo, I'll be showing one-layer gates, two-layer gates, something we call a back gate and how you can use those gating schemes to help inform further analysis, such as differential expression. And then lastly, I'll show you how you can get the code, how you can get the data, the presentation, and everything. So what exactly is SiteSeq? In summary, it's single cell RNA-Seq plus your cell surface proteins. And this is achieved using something called antibody-derived tags or ADT for short. And what they are are antibodies that have DNA barcodes on them. And these DNA barcodes have poly-A tails on them. And in the normal experiment, you would introduce these ADTs to your cells. They'll bind to the cell surface proteins and get carried through the Tenex droplet sequencing platform. And when these cells are laced in the oil droplets, the poly-A's from your mRNA, as well as your ADTs, hybridize to the poly-T groups in your beads. And then with further processing, you get two sequenceable libraries, so one for your transcriptome and one for your proteins. So on the data end, you'll get a matrix that's an RNA by cells and an ADT by cells. And generally, why we need these surface protein markers is they help classify cell types. So in this example, I'll be using cells from the human blood cell lineage and also for a little bit of background information, each cell type usually express a specific profile of surface protein markers. And so flow cytometry, on the other hand, is already a proven method to help classify cells using the self-surface protein markers. And so how these work is you quantify the cell surface proteins, and then you gate them in two dimensions. So for example, we have CD34 on the x-axis and CD38 on the y-axis. And to get to certain populations of cells, for example, the stem cells, you would do this iterative filtering called gating. So in this example, if we filter for these cells, these are CD34 positive, 38 negative cells. And then we take this subset of cells and then replot them using CD45RA and CD90. And over here is our stem cell population. So we would call these 45RA negative cells and CD90 positive. So how this relates to the previous slide is we would follow this path that we've made, 34 positive, 34 negative, and then walk this path to CD90 positive, 45RA. And then for common lymphoid progenitors, the CLPs, we would take a different path. So 34 positive, 38 positive, replotted using these features and then use that to label this cell population, and so on for a common myeloid progenitor, which are over here. So in the CNPs, we take this one extra path right here. So when we were developing SiteViz, we thought that if we can replicate the flow cytometry workflow in SiteSeq, then we can provide researchers more methods to help classify their cell clusters. And for the technical distillation of the question, can we build an interactive gating program in SiteSeq using the RSHINee platform? And we want to do this because we want to relate everything in antibody space. So on the left, we have a CD4 versus CD8, and then relate your cells in antibody space to dimensional reduction space. So there's a couple of reasons why we developed SiteViz. We found it extremely useful that it helps wet lab biologists leverage their knowledge of flow cytometry and applying it to single cell data sets. And users can also like, it'll help you do more rapid data exploration because the alternative is kind of painful because you have to draw like four borders. It's like, yeah, you draw that bottom border, you jitter it around top border, jitter it around left and right border. You take those cells, and then you re-plot it again. So the alternative is pretty painful. And we thought that drawing physical gates can get us much farther. SiteViz can help for VDM to data data. Yes, in this presentation, we apply it to PBMC. Yep. And lastly, we understand that these multiomic single cell data sets, they can be difficult to generate. They're also difficult to analyze. So we are doing our part to make the analysis a little bit more accessible to wet lab biologists and ultimately really to help the users help them facilitate their novel hypothesis generation to get to novel discoveries faster. And so when would you actually use SiteViz? So let's say you finished an experiment. You do your library preparation. You do bioinformatic processing. And you get out a processed SROT data set, like an RDS. And then we find it very useful because SiteViz kind of unites the bench scientist and the computational scientists together.  We find SiteViz is best when used with both parties. And ultimately, yeah, that's all that's to help us get to the novel discoveries faster. So today's example data set is a PBMC data set with eight patients and three time points. It's integrated using the latest nearest neighbor algorithm with a total of 160,000 cells and 220 antibodies. And for today's presentation, we've sub-sampled it down to 10,000 cells, but we're just going to keep the 228 antibodies. All right, so what I'm going to do here is head on over to the orchestra workshop. I'm going to import SiteViz and I'm going to run it. And what I'm uploading now is a processed PBMC data in RDS format. And this is the one with 10,000 cells. Let it upload and I'm just going to head on over to the gating page. So for our first example, I'm going to start drawing some one layer of gates and we're going to go for B cells. So one of those features is CD27. And for the right now, I'm choosing my y-axis feature and that's going to be IGD-CD27. And so now I've drawn my gates. Right now what I can do is hover over that this feature scatter plot and then select my cells. And immediately we'll see those cells reflected over until they can mention reduction space. And this is really useful because you can do this multiple times and kind of help fine-tune your gates. So let's go ahead and just select this and then we'll give it a title, B cells, and then we'll hit the gate button.  So we started off with 10,000 cells. We ended up with 575 cells. OK, and so that was one example of a one layer gate. And then if you scroll it down to the bottom, you can hit a download so that you can capture all the cell barcodes that you've gated. So I'm going to give you another example of a one layer gate. Right now we are going to be getting for natural killer cells here. And one of the features is CD3. And the Y feature we're going to go for CD56. And again, we are going to create our selection. And we see that a majority of these cells are located in the natural killer cluster. And so we're going to go ahead and give this gate a label and then hit the gate button again. Great. All right, so what I've shown is two examples of a one layer gate. And now I'm going to take a detour and try to download those two gate informations and then take all their cell barcodes and do a differential expression analysis. So it can be as easy as importing Serot. I am importing the 10,000 PBMC cells. And then I'm going to read the B cells RDS gate, so B gate and K gate. And I want to show that for this specific class, it's rich with metadata. So for example, the number of gates that was used, what your assay was, what the input cells for that gate, what are the output cells, what was your x-axis, what was your y-axis, what are the coordinates of the gate that you drew? And then a list of like simple statistics here. All right, so and then to get your cell barcodes, it's as simple as B gate, dollar, gate one, subset cells. And there are your cell barcodes for the B cells. So let's go ahead and get those. And what I'm doing here is I'm making sure there's no overlapping cells between the two gates. Sometimes like these gates are entirely perfect. So what I'm trying to do is just make sure one cell doesn't appear in two gates. And then we can run a fine markers, comparing B cells to NK cells. And I'm going to go ahead and view with the output. And now we can do a sanity check here. So MS4A1, that's the top differential gene, MS4A1. And then so this gene should be highly upregulated in the B cells. And so is that true? Yep, I buy that one. And then for the flip side, this gene should be upregulated in the natural killer cells. So it's enriched in the NK cells as well, compared to the B cells. Great. So that was an example of how you would use these gates metadata to help facilitate further downstream analysis. In this case, it was just simple differential expression. I'm going to reopen the app, reupload my 10,000 PBMC cells. And in this example, I'm going to give an example of a two-layer gate. And this time, we're going to be selecting for the CD8-positive T cells. All right, so for the first gate, the first gate kind of selects four cells that are in the lymphoid side of the family of these blood cell lineages. So let's go for this CD11B. And CD45. And I'm going to go ahead and select this cluster here. And so we see we've captured all the lymphoid family of the blood cell lineage, but we also have some bleed over from into the myeloid cells as well. And so these gates aren't always black and white, but our next filter should really clean up the cells. So let's call this lymphoid and myeloid cells. We're going to hit the gate button, and then we're going to have to re-plot. So these T cells have a really high expression of CD8. So what we're looking for is a cluster that has really high CD8 signature, like this one.  So let's go ahead and call that CD8T cells. And we're going to hit a gate. All right, so what happened was on our first gate, we started from 10,000 cells, and we went down to 7,200 cells. And from that gate, we went from 7,200 down to 1447 cells. And then if you hit the download button, you'll get a list that contains both of your gates. And then so the next example I want to show is an example of something we call a back gate. So right now we are going from antibody space into dimension reduction space. So we thought that it would be interesting if we could go backwards from dimension reduction space back into the UMAP antibody space. And we envisioned this as more of like a top down type of approach. So for example, we can select this cluster of B cells. And over in antibody space, it'll show up where it is on the heat map. All right, so in addition to gating, SiteVis contains more features that allows users to holistically evaluate their data. So one of them is the feature co-expression, because a lot of times we're interested in the relationship between two features expression. So let's go ahead and oh yeah, so for example, to show off the differences in the monocyte cluster, we can input a CD16 and CD19, 14. So in this case, like the more red you are, the more CD16 you have compared to 14. And the more blue you are, the more CD14 you have. And that shows off in this specific clusters here. And we also went multiomic with this as well. So if you're interested in the correlation between the mRNA level and the protein level, then we can go multiomic as well. So what we're doing here for x-axis is CD14 in proteins. And on the y-axis, we're going to the mRNA. And here we're seeing the correlation between mRNA and protein. So let's see. So the more red you are, the more CD14 protein you have. Or if you're blue, then the more mRNA, CD14 mRNA that you have. And due to the sparsity of these type of data, we didn't want to help you misinterpret your data, because if 0 is low and 1 is high, then the color really exaggerates the difference. So we just made sure to include the unit of expression for both scales. So we don't help you misinterpret your data. And then we have a single feature expressions as well. These are always fun to play with. So here, let's say I want to really highlight the monocyte population, then it's over here. Or if I want to really show off the CD8 T cells, then it's pretty clear that they are here as well. And when it comes to quality control of your data, one of the most useful features we thought to include is to include common quality control metrics, but split by any categorical data in your Sorot metadata. So here we have RNA, the distribution of counts, and then split by the donor. So there were eight patient samples. And is there any confounder? It's like possibly four unique ADTs per cell. And in this case, to me, it seems like patient 5 to 8 may be pretty different from 1 to 4. And do I really believe that? Over on the left, we can just click around, just to explore the data a little bit. And so these are patient 1 to 4, and this is 8. So yeah, I believe they look quite different from each other. So I buy that. And then lastly, there's a clustering page. And 3D plots are supported as well. But this data set did not include a third dimension. And that's OK. You don't need to go three dimensions sometimes. OK, so I've gone over a lot of information today. Mainly for the gating, we've gone over one layer gates, two layer gates, back gates, and how you can use those gating schemes to help your downstream analysis, such as differential expression. And then for feature expression, we have multi-ohmic co-expression feature plots, as well as single expression. And for QC, you can just split common QC metrics by any categorical data in your surrogate metadata, as well as 2D and 3D cluster visualization as well. So to get the code, the data, and the presentation, just head on over to the bioconductor workshops. And then you'll be linked to this page. And so yeah, that's pretty much it. I was fortunate to work with a really fantastic team of scientists. The team at OHSU really kind of defined their need for a certain tool that can help them explore their data faster. And they really articulated what they needed. And for the University of Oregon team, they were the people who really took their requests and really implemented into the package that is site-vis today. And then for future directions, we plan to submit site-vis to bioconductor within the next month. And later, implement performance patches, long-term maintenance as well. And so yeah, this has been a really fun project. And I really look forward to more of the OHSU and University of Oregon collaborations. So thank you, everybody. Any questions? This might be in there. So this really is a Blade Runner reference. But can you enhance and then enhance on your gating? Because that is something that flow cytometers love to do, is enhancing on those gating options, right? Is that something available in your app? Just zooming in. You're just zooming in. Sorry. Maybe too old of a reference. OK, great. And is it agnostic to the feature type you have? So can I actually be gating on the mRNA instead of the antibody signature? Yeah. OK. So nature is really sparse now. We built site-vis so that, just to accommodate future changes in sequencing technology, we hope that it's less sparse. So we did keep that feature in there. But you just have to be very careful because the data is very sparse on the RNA version. Yeah, I wasn't sure about the labeling and how it would render inside of the plot. And yeah, OK, great. So the gating for NK cells and B cells and so forth is a cool example. But early in the presentation, you present some sort of more subtle gating from Jason's paper, for example, where LMPPs versus MPPs and some relatively more subtle types of splits. It wasn't super duper clear to me what the workflow would be for comparing when projecting back and forth when your clusters maybe aren't going to be as useful in resolving some of these populations. Could you comment on their relative ease or difficulty of doing this in practice with the current workflow? So in this example, we selected rather easier cells that are fully differentiated to test. And we have been, I guess, another way is to take one of those bone marrow sites seek and really try to start gating on those as well. We just didn't have the time to dive deeper into those bone marrow site seek and trying to reproduce other people's results or something. Yeah. But with PBMC, it's kind of the easier level one. So there's a question from online. I was wondering if you could save the code to for replicating the same gates with a new data set and for reproducibility. So I think you have a lot of the information stored in that data object. But I think the question is the actual code. Right, right. So you can put in a pipeline or something and make it more reproducible for a figure of a paper or something. Yeah, I think you could. I think the human would just have to do the exploration part first, get those parameters. And I guess we don't really have any functions to help them in that regards. But that's definitely a cool feature to implement though, make things a little bit more reproducible. Yeah, that's a good point. Thank you. Great work. Especially the idea of gating is pretty useful because I've been struggling with not PBMC but some other cell types where you have to figure out what are the new combination of protein markers which can be useful. So one suggestion would be to really suggest actually at the time of gating what protein markers can be useful to really get against. If there's new data set, you don't really know. And basically, if you run Find All Differential Marker based on some clusters and then kind of suggest that these are the potential options which you can get against, that might improve the usefulness of the gating strategy because the unique IP of this method is gating. And I agree with the previous suggestion, like just concentrating on the protein, it might be downselling a tool because you can actually go into RNA or peaks where you can get against much more another kind of, as newer and newer technology comes in, you can actually get on that. But I also agree with your point that sparsity can be a problem but it can be user dependent and you can put a warning there. So that can be really useful. Thank you. So it'd be kind of cool if we could sort the features by the amount it contributes to the UMAP or the principle component or something. So that way, you know, you don't scroll down to the bottom of the features and be like, oh, yeah, you can already filter things out that way. Thank you for the suggestion. So you touched on something or something was touched on in the process of discussing it. This tool is almost complementary to another goes by the name of SCGate that was published by the Carmona Lab. And they concentrated almost exclusively, maybe not exclusively, they concentrated heavily upon creating gating models and training them for splitting into pure and impure cells. And we have some experience with it. If I was pointing out that it's going to be really handy to compare what we get with SiteFiz versus SCGate. But it's also going to be tremendously handy to see where the differences are. You know, why is it sometimes we get really good results with SCGate in terms of impurity versus not? We know some of it's due to feature contribution. In some data sets, we won't have all of the ADTs that we'd really like to simulate the flow cytometry gating process on something like, say, subpopulations of dendritic cells. So sometimes we'll shim in mRNA features and then we'll sort of be scratching our heads, well, where did this go wrong? It would be wonderful to have the ability, like you said, to look at how well or poorly we know that the correlation between ADTs and mRNAs often awful. We've plotted this for an awful lot of ADTs. So we know that it's really not even second best. It's just one step up from the worst to use mRNA instead of an ADT. But sometimes we don't have any option if we want to set up a gate. How soon in the near future do you think it's going to be that there'll be functions to retrieve a gating scheme that the user has set up so that it can be compared against something that was computationally prepared? So almost being able to save a profile of things that you normally go to. I can plug your type in scheme where you can retrieve it and see what it looks like. Right, right, right. So maybe the next time you generate a similar data set, you can just plug it in and then just check your answer again and then see any differences. And that's good. Right, right, right. I think maybe one hiccup would be that the shape of the UMAP would be different. But you can learn a UMAP and then produce new data. Yeah, yeah. That doesn't have to be a show of thought. Right, right, right. So that would be the workaround to it. But yeah, that's a good feature to include as well. Because we rarely do things with just one experiment and done. It's going to be always a series of experiments and improving the reproducibility and the parameters. So that would be good. Sorry, one last question. So about the back gating. Now, as I think it comes to my mind, but you were selecting a UMAP cluster, right? Can you, once you selected what are the group of cells, can you suggest like a back staging in a way that what are the gating features you need to use? Like a most parsimonious way to suggest the biologist, like if you want these type of cells, you use these combination of features in this way. So that in let's say in a real experiment, you might get these cells. I'm not sure if I'm making sense, but most parsimonious group of features which defines the selected group of cells. So it's give you a suggestion in the reverse direction. I'm not sure if it's making sense, but it could be a very cool algorithmic problem. No, yeah. That's totally a good idea to like if there was like a, yeah, or more algorithmically smarter way to like help suggest like the features that could differentiate certain clusters. And we haven't really thought that far. And no, but that's a good, these are all good features to like include. And we'd love to, I know, keep in contact. We'll like show you some, the new updates or something, but thank you for the suggestions. Right, so I just trained the decision tree to maximize the discrimination that you would get. That's a little pink, but let's call a circle around the thing. And that seems like the most powerful way to do it, right? We all want to throw a bullet out of sight and have some kind of initial model based clustering instead of what it should be. That's not how it actually works in actual cells that are transitioning from states. Oh yeah, sorry. Sorry. I was just agreeing with one of their presenters that it seems sort of ideal to have both data driven and also supervised. We refer to it often as semi-supervised. If we didn't know anything, then yeah, we'd want the data to do all the driving. And if we knew everything, then we wouldn't need new data because we'd already know where to drive. But that doesn't describe most research problems. Most research problems are somewhere in the middle. We're kind of trying to figure out how much driving the data should do and how much the experimentalist or domain expert should do. So I'm kind of looking forward to something like SCGate and SITEVIS meeting in the middle. That's all I was saying. I concur. Yeah, that's a good, that's an interesting point of like, I think also like with difficulty with single cell, it's like when should it be hands-on? Yeah, versus like unsupervised. So I don't know, it's quite philosophical at this point. Maybe we can... But yeah, I totally understand where you're going at. But yeah, thanks for all the discussion points. Sorry, not to beat this dead horse, but I think I'm watching on the same ideas here. The back-getting thing, maybe think that you could use this for almost like discovery or something like that, biomarker discovery, this kind of thing. Back to the flow of the time. Okay, thank you. Thank you, everybody.


Earlier this month, North Korea unveiled a new uranium enrichment facility. November CSIF's Schieffer series talked about why and what this means. Bob Schieffer sat down with Ambassador Sung Kim, the New York Times' David Sanger, CNN's Jill Doherty, and CSIF's Victor Chah, who's here with me now. Dr. Chah, Ambassador Kim made the point that this is not a new issue. But what was surprising about this decision by North Korea? I think the thing that was most surprising about it is that we had a sense that they are much more sophisticated in terms of this new technology, nuclear technology than any expert inside or outside the government had expected. And what impact could this have on the potential resumption of the six-party talks? Well, I think, again, this is a shocking revelation that will certainly infuse more energy into how to get the six parties back to the negotiation table. But it's unclear at this point whether that will be enough to get the North Koreans to come back to negotiate on things we want them to negotiate on. So how should the U.S. respond to all of this? What's our role here? Well, I think the first thing the United States wants to do is to talk to our allies, Japan and South Korea. And I think that's what Ambassador Bosworth is doing in the region now. The next is to really get the Chinese and the Russians to work with us on this problem and get them to acknowledge that this is a severe violation of standing agreements. And if we can get those four on our side, then I think we have a very good negotiating platform from which to engage the North. Thank you very much, Dr. Chow. You can see the entire dialogue of this month's CSIS Chief of Series right here on CSIS.org and on iTunes U.


I was like, oh, you got so much money out between paycheck to paycheck, and I knew it wasn't enough. I knew that education was the key to opportunity success, and North Central Technical College was the only thing that they really offered at me, considering my situation, my family. So I went back to school as I needed one, so I was really grateful to NTC and all the opportunities they'd given me. It's been a life-changing experience, one of the best decisions I made in my entire life. I know that no matter what my age or my status is, it's just the beginning of something beautiful. And NTC is that big bridge that I needed to get to where I want to go.