and talk to you about Rails 5.1, which is the latest release of the framework that we all love and enjoy. And the slides are available online and you may wanna go there simply because there are links to the pull request that I'm gonna talk about. So I only have 40 minutes. I can't go into details, but I invite you to go there and see at the commits, at the discussion, and hopefully get involved with you with open source. To give you a little bit of context, 5.1 is gonna be released any minute now, any day now, but just to give you an idea, when 5.0 was released, that was the result of 18 months of work and about 10,000 commits, about 1,000 committers. 5.1, you can think of it as half of it, nine months of work, about 4,000 commits. I did this just with the git command and if you actually go and look at the git diff, you're gonna see a lot of lines that have changed in the code base and one of the reasons is that the Rails team is now using Rubicop for styling, so you're gonna see many things like spaces, single quotes, double quotes, but that is not really gonna affect you as users of Rails. So that is what I'm gonna talk about today. If you use Rails, how is this new version gonna affect you? And so what I'm gonna talk about is breaking changes than active record, active support, action view, rail ties, and action pack. And so the last disclaimer before starting is that I have cats in this talk, so I'm gonna start with the first one. Okay, breaking changes. Okay, breaking changes. Really, I have upgraded my apps to 5.1 and I haven't really encountered many that have affected me. I found some in the code that I'm gonna talk about, but they are not that big. I'm gonna start with the first one, which is the engine that reads your ERB files under the hood has changed from a Ruby to a Ruby and the difference is not just an S at the end, it's also that a Ruby was now really being maintained since 2011 and a Ruby has a simpler internals and a smaller memory footprint. Now if all you're doing in your app is just having ERB files, this is not gonna affect you at all because the result is the same. This is only gonna affect you if you actually are explicitly calling a Ruby in your code. For instance, if you have a jam, like Hamel or something that touches action view, then you might wanna look at this. Otherwise, it just a benefit for you. It's gonna be faster. The next one is when you skip callbacks, you can add conditions. You can say set if, skip if and these conditions, you can pass them as strings. And let me show you what it means. I tried to write an example here if you have a post in your database and then before you save this post, if it doesn't have the title, so unless the title is present, you wanna set no title, that unless you could pass a string in 50, same with if. Now if this feels weird, it did feel weird to me, it's because there are alternatives to do this. So in 5.1, you're not gonna be able to use a string anymore. But you can still use a proc, you can still use a symbol. So if you're using strings for those conditions, then you might wanna change to this new syntax.  So when you set your routes, you're also gonna use strings. You're gonna say get dashboard index to home, things like that. So in this string, there are actually a couple of special symbols that you can use. In your routes, you can do get and then this column controller or slash column action or slash column ID. So this kind of syntax was valid until race five and these are wildcards. So if you have that in your routes, you're basically saying match any controller with any action or any ID. This is really powerful, but also it was the cause of a couple of security issues that have already been fixed in previous version of Rails. But the decision was made so that going forward, this syntax would not be acceptable anymore. Instead, if you have many controllers or actions, you might wanna whitelist them explicitly, which I also think makes for better and cleaner code. So that's what I have so far for breaking changes. I'm not claiming these are all of them and I invite you to go and look at the changelog of the libraries but I think it just gives you an idea about the fact that it's probably not gonna be hard for you to upgrade to Rails 5.1. And so now we can start looking at the feature, what has been added or improved and what can benefit your everyday work. Let's start with active record. Primary keys in your database, they used to be integers and now they can be a big int or a big serial if you're in Postgres. So you basically have 64 bit. So if you need to reference many records in database, now this is the default. You just have begin as your primary keys. This can be useful. And still talking about databases, this is only for MySQL or equivalent MariaDB. There is now support for virtual columns. I also, I'm gonna show an example for this. Let's say you have a user stable, every user has a name. Now every user, you can also say has an upper name which is just the uppercase version of the name. MySQL lets you do that with this upper name in SQL. So basically SQL has this virtual column which is not like a duplicate it's just calculating the uppercase version. And now you can reference this column in your migration by writing plain Ruby. You just do t.virtual upper name. And it has even more features. Let's say you have another virtual column which is name length which is the number of characters of the name. You can tell MySQL to store this column and also to index by this column. So if you wanna display your users sorted by the number of characters, you know MySQL can do all of this and this is the code you need. And what is good about this is that you don't have to write your structure.sql you can just write Ruby which I guess we all prefer. Still talking about database, if you have to deal with many, many records like thousands of records, ActiveRecord provides methods to do this like find each or in batches. So if you wanted to iterate 5,000 posts you wanna do maybe find each. And this works. There was just one gotcha that in 5.0 if you wanted to use the limit method, it wasn't really working. If you had to write post the limit 500.pn each, you would actually get a warning saying scoped order and limit are ignored. And so the query would just fetch 1,000 because that's the default. In 5.1 the limit method is now supported. So that's good. Okay, I think I'm going a little fast on this initial new features. It's because maybe you've not heard about them and hopefully I'm getting you curious about going to see everything that has changed. So bear with me, I'm gonna get to the end where you're probably gonna see the features that have made the news or that other presenters are talking about here. But let's continue with active support. There's now support for Unicode 9 and here's an example of what this entails. Well, the value of the constant Unicode version is now nine and not eight. And as an example, let's say you have a string and this string has just a single emoji. This emoji is called a family with two mothers, one daughter and one son. This is one character, it's one emoji, but in 5.0 if you had asked for the length of this string you would have gotten four. And if you had asked to reverse this string the family would have been split into four characters which is probably not what you wanted. And so now in 5.1 there is full support for Unicode 9 and families are not gonna be separated anymore. Active support duration has two methods called since and until and now they have aliases after and before. This is also easy to understand with an example. If in your code you're writing two weeks since Christmas day now you can say two weeks after Christmas day it's the same thing but it might sound more natural in English. Five days until Christmas day you now have the option to say five days before Christmas day, maybe in your test. This is something that you like better. Now you have the option. Okay, let's get to one of the sort of bigger requests. There's a new method in a module called delegate misinter. I think this is gonna be very powerful for people who use the delegator pattern. So if you have a class with a bunch of methods and then you have another class that wraps the first one. Basically it's calling all the methods of the first one except a couple. Then this can help you. Let me show you how. I made another example here. Imagine you have an order active record in ordering your database so users can create orders, save order, destroy order. So that's just an active record base. And then you have another class called order completion that is delegating all the methods to the order so it's doing everything that the order does except for create, when an order completion is created, it's also sending a notification. This is a pattern that you can do in Rails and a way to do this, it's using the delegate method which already existed. The problem with the delegate method is that you have to list all the methods that you wanna delegate. So it might not be your first choice. Another way to do this is to use Ruby's metaprogramming methods. You can define respond to missing and you can define method missing and that works, you just have to remember how to write them and then it's like 10 more lines of code. In Rails 5.1, all you need is this. You just have this single method delegate missing two which does exactly what I explained. So if you're gonna call a method on order completion and the method does not exist there, then it's gonna get called on order and it's just a single line of code. So I think this is pretty powerful. Okay, action view. There are actually a few changes in action view and a very interesting one. The first one is how do you output an HTML tag with Ruby? You actually have in Rails, you actually have two helpers. There is one helper called tag and there is one helper called content tag. If you wanna output a tag like br, a breaking line, a way to do it in Rails is tag br nil true. Now that works, but you just have to remember the order. Why is it nil there? Why is it true? It is because br doesn't have any content or options so that's why it's nil and also it's self-closing. But sometimes it's hard to remember and also there is another method content tag which you can also use. And you pass div and then the options on the content. In five one, this syntax is still available. It's not deprecated, but you also have a new syntax where you just call tag dot br or tag dot div. So it's basically tag dot and then the HTML tag and you don't have to remember the order of the arguments. And so I think this is really especially important for newcomers when somebody new comes to Rails, they only have to learn one way of creating HTML tags. And I think it's also easier to remember. Now still talking about helpers and views, the next one is I think probably a question that everybody who has ever programmed in Rails has wondered. When you wanna create a form, why are there two helpers? Why is there form four and form tag? Sure, they do different thing and one accepts a model but it looks so similar that sometimes it's confusing. So what's gonna change in five point one is that instead of having two helpers to create a form, you have three helpers. There is a new form width. Now the good thing is that this is one to rule them all. So in the long run, the idea is that you're gonna switch to form width and then only form width will survive. But for now nothing has been deprecated. So it's just there. If you create a brand new scaffold app with five one, it's gonna use a form width but for now you can use all of them. So let me just show you how you can upgrade syntax from form four and form tag to form width. If you're using form four, in this case, I'm showing a form to delete a post. You can still do it with form width, you have to say actually model post. So you have to pass it like that. It just basically syntax difference. If you use form tag, then the first argument is the URL you want to submit to. And with form width, you have to specifically say form width URL. There are other changes here. For instance, in five point one, if you create a brand new app, form width is gonna be remote by default. And also what's pretty interesting is that form width, if you have a block, it has this F all the time and form tag does not. So with form width, you can actually mix the different helpers like submit tag or F dot submit. You have the chance to do that. And I think in the end it's gonna be less confusing. Okay, I'm think halfway through the list of features. And I think the reason why I made this talk is also really to invite you all to look at the source code and then of course upgrade your rates application to five point one. And also as my personal way to thank all the people that are mentioned in these slides, the creators of all these requests and the contributors. So now let's continue with real ties. The first one is if you are in your terminal, you can type Rails initializers and that is gonna print out all the initializers of your app. Now the problem is that in five point zero, it's only printing out the method name. And different classes can be using the same method name and you can't really tell. In race five point one, it's gonna output the name of the class and the name of the method. So it's less confusing and it's more useful, especially if you use Rails engines. You can just see clearly the order in which they are called. Now let's talk about secrets. Every Rails app has a file config slash secrets.yaml where you can store your secrets, meaning your API keys or any other variable that you wanna define once for your environment, your settings or maybe your email address that you wanna use. So there is this secrets.yaml file. And maybe when I'm developing, I want to send all my emails from a specific email address and also when I'm testing, but now when I'm in production. So how do you share one of these variables among different environments? For instance, I want to set my email from to that specific address in development and maybe reuse it in test. In five point zero, you can already do that. You just have to use this yaml syntax, the ampersand and then remember like, I mean, it's really yaml syntax, but you just have to remember that you have to define the default and then say development, it's using the default. And five point one is just a little simpler. If you have a section with the name shared, it means that everything that is in that section is gonna be available to any environment. So it just makes your code shorter and more readable. This is just one of the changes to the secrets, but there is another one, which is even more important. And that is the addition of encrypted secrets. So as I said before, in these secrets yaml, you can store your secrets, but you probably don't wanna store your real production secrets in a plain text file. You don't wanna put there your PayPal account information or your API key in production because otherwise everybody who has access just to the source code can be able to access your PayPal and email and everything. So you don't wanna put them in plain text right there. As a matter of fact, if you look inside these secrets yaml, there is a disclaimer as a comment that says, do not keep production secrets in the repository, instead read values from the environment. So it is right there. So this is a good advice, but sometimes you need to access your production secrets. You need to install it on a new server or maybe share them with a coworker. So how do you balance this of having the secrets available, but not in plain text for everybody? This is a new feature of Rails 5.1 and it's encrypted secrets. The way in which it works is that you type Rails secrets setup, and this is gonna generate two new files, config secrets yaml.key and config secrets yaml.enc, which stands for encrypted. Now the encrypted file is where the secrets are, but if you just try to read this file, you're not gonna be able to read them, they're encrypted. In order to open this file, you need to type Rails secrets edit, and this is gonna use the key, so the other file to open it in your editor, then you can edit, save, and as soon as you close your editor, they're gonna be saved encrypted once again. So in short, if you wanna read them and edit them, you need both files, but if you just have the encrypted files, then it's okay, you can put that in your repository because people are not gonna be able to decrypt them. So the solution is you can put your encrypted files in the repository and you can put it on GitHub and share it, but don't put the key, otherwise this is useless. So keep the key to yourself, share with your coworkers, maybe with a password manager, and then on your server, and then you can have the best of both worlds. You can have encrypted keys, so maybe when you create a new machine, you don't have to manually set 100 environment variables, you just need the key, but then they're encrypted. So if this works for you, it's right there for free in Rails 5.1. If you wanna keep on using the other approach of just setting variables in the server, you can still do that. Okay, still talking about Rails 5.0, Rails 5.0 has seen a lot of great features. jQuery is not required dependency of Rails anymore, meaning if you don't need it, it's not there. This doesn't mean that we don't like jQuery, I like jQuery, but it's one less library if you don't need it. So let me take a step back. Why was jQuery there in the first place? The main reason was what is called a UJS, unobtrusive JavaScript, and it's for features like this. This is a still arrays scaffold, so you have your list of posts, and for each post you have these links, one of them is destroy, so it's a link to destroy one of your posts. What happens if you click on that link is you're gonna see this, you're gonna see an alert. This is not the default for links in a browser, links just work, so it's the JavaScript that it's intercepting your call and showing an alert. And also there is something else here, normally links cannot do a post or a delete to your server, they just get. So how does this work? It's because there is this UJS that it's looking at the attributes of your link, the data confirm, data method, and it's changing things there. So all these came from the jQuery UJS library, which is just JavaScript that has all these features. It looks for these attributes and it changes. There's also data disabled with, data remote and so on. Now if you think about it, you can write the same JavaScript in vanilla JavaScript without jQuery. And that's exactly what happened. A student from the Google Summer of Code of last year for Rails has done this, has rewritten the jQuery UJS library without jQuery. It's now called Rails UJS. It's inside action view. So if you want the exact same features, all you have to do is just require Rails UJS. You don't need to add gems to your gem file. You don't need to require jQuery. It's a smaller footprint and it's exactly the same behavior. Okay, I think I'm gonna now get closer to the features you probably have heard of or maybe that's why you're here in the first place. And I think this is one of them. The original title of this PR was add yarn support in new apps using the dash dash yarn option. I've deleted that because since this PR, this has changed so now it's by default. You don't even need to do dash dash yarn. So whenever you're gonna do Rails new with Rails 5.1, you're gonna have yarn support. Now let me take a step back. What is yarn? If you are front end developers, you probably have heard of it. It's a package manager for assets or JavaScript libraries. Think of it as bundler and gem file. They are for Ruby gems. Well, if you need to bundle a bunch of JavaScript libraries, yarn is one of the possible solution. And this is really where the Rails team didn't need to reinvent the wheel and create a new one. Yarn has been accepted in the last year as one of the good options and now it ships with Rails 5.1. So this solves the problem of how can you import a lot of JavaScript libraries in your Rails app? Of course, you could already do that before. You can just copy and paste them in your vendor asset folder. But if it's like one or two, you can manage that. But if you have tens of them and maybe you need to, if they have dependencies or you need to upgrade them, it becomes complicated. So that's what happens with yarn. Let me show you how you would use yarn with 5.0 and then let me show you what changes in 5.1. In 5.0, you need to install yarn and then you do yarn init which sets up the folder. Then you start adding your libraries, for example, bootstrap. These libraries are installed in a folder called node modules.  And also you have to add this folder to the asset pipeline. And finally, you can just require your libraries. So from 5.0 to 5.1, this happens, there is less setup. There is more convention over configuration. So they're gonna be installed in node modules. That folder is already getting ignored. It's already in your pipeline. So it's just very straightforward. And this is leveraging the power of yarn. You can do much more, but this is just really introducing it to the race community and I think it's gonna be a great change. Now, you might wanna use yarn if you are including, for instance, third party JavaScript libraries. But what if you are writing JavaScript? What if your app has a lot of JavaScript? Maybe you're using Rails, but then you're writing a single page app and you have it all at once. You might start having questions like, in which folder do I put my files? How can I use ES6? Is it, how is it gonna be pre-compiled or things like that? So for this, there's another feature in race 5.1 that can help you. And that is the fact that you can now leverage webpacker. Webpacker. Webpack. So what this means is that there are different ways to structure your JavaScripts, let's say a single page app and different libraries that you can use. And now with race 5.1, you have once again a sort of convention over configuration. You have some pretty good defaults. If you do Rails new app dash dash webpack, a lot of files and folders are gonna be created for you. There's gonna be an app slash JavaScript folder where you're expected to have your JavaScript in packs. There is a lot of configuration that is written for you in config slash webpack and it's separated by environment, development and production. There are some libraries that are there already for you. They're probably gonna need like Babel or Coffee, SAS files are already ignored. And then there are some bin file, webpack depth server, webpack watcher and webpack. So all this is there for you. In the past, if you had to use webpack with Rails, you had to install it and then decide I have to do some configuration and stuff. Now it's all there for you. So once you've installed it, the way in which you use it, locally you can type webpack depth server, which is one of those new commands that come with it. And this is gonna watch your folder, your app JavaScript. And as you type, even if it's your six, it's gonna watch that folder and then make it available for you so you can develop and have those JavaScript available in your app. The way in which you include those in your app is with this new helper JavaScript pack tag where you specify which pack you wanna load. And if you also have style sheets, you have style sheet pack tag. And there are many, many other features. For instance, you can interpolate Ruby, you can use, you know, about helpers, you just do application.js.erb. There is really a lot that I cannot cover, but all of this is powered by a new jam called webpacker and it's open source. It's available on GitHub, Rails slash webpacker. So feel free to go there and look at what's happening there. Also, this, for instance, works right away if you wanna deploy on Heroku or the pre-compilation. And the last thing I wanna mention is that when you do Rails new dash dash webpack, you can specify as an option, react, view, or Angular, which is gonna install and configure more libraries for you. So if you need to use TypeScript or JSX, it's all there for you. Okay, I'm gonna talk about action pack last. If you go and download my slides, I have more slides about ActionMailer and ActiveJob that I'm not gonna be able to touch here, but let me just talk about ActionPack. The first feature is actually a mix between ActionPack and Railties, Kappi Bar integration with Rails, also known as SystemTest. If you were in this room yesterday, you saw an amazing talk by Eileen Ishitel who created this PR and she spent 40 minutes on this feature. I'm just gonna try to summarize in two minutes, but you should probably go and re-watch her talk on YouTube. So in summary, SystemTest, I'm still making an example with scaffold. If you have a scaffold, an example of SystemTest is when I go to the page slash post, I actually wanna ensure that in the browser, in the header H1, the text says exactly post. Like I wanna test exactly the final result in the browser, not just the unit test. So how do you write this sort of test? In Rails 5.0, you have to make a decision. Which library am I gonna use? Which version? How do I install it? As an example, you can decide that to your gem file, you're gonna add Kappi Bar and Selenium WebDriver.  Then you have to write a lot of configuration. This is just a very small example. Like you're gonna say that Kappi Bar is gonna be driven by Selenium. You're gonna use Chrome. You might specify a resolution. And then after you do all of these, you can write the test. Now the test itself is not super complicated. It has basically two lines. You visit slash post and then you assert that inside DH1, the text is what you expect. So it's really about making everything else go away and focus right in the test. So in Rails 5.1, forget about the setup. All you have to do is write your test. Your test is gonna inherit from a class called application system test case, which is gonna set up all that for you. You can also use route helpers like post underscore URL. And then you're gonna write your system test with Rails test system. So much more convenient. And also it has great new features like screenshots that are taken if your tests fail, clean the database. And one more thing is that the old type of functional controller test are not gonna be generated anymore when you have a new 5.1 app. You're gonna see this type of test. The other ones are still gonna be running for backward compatibility. And I'm gonna talk about the last feature in action pack which is, I guess, my favorite one. And this is one example of a PR that it's a single PR but it's like five features in a single PR. And in short, it's adding two new methods that you can use in your config routes but these methods are very powerful. They're called direct and resolve. And I'm just gonna go through two examples that show what they do. But once again, go and check the code cause they can do much more. The first one, still a scaffold. This is a post page. And then imagine that below the post, you have comments. So each comment does not live on its own page like slash comments slash one. It lives inside the post page. Now imagine that you wanna link to one of these comments. How do you write that code? It's not that it's hard to write the code in 5.0. For instance, you can say link to comment number two, post path because the page is the post page. So you do post path and then you say anchor content two because you're basically linking to the post page at a specific place in that. But I believe that all this logic should belong to the routes, not to the view. When you do a link, you just wanna say, I'm linking to some embedded content. And then the routes are, it's the responsibility of the routes to route. So to say, oh, it's a link to a comment, but the comment is actually inside the post at a certain anchor. So this new direct method, let's you do that. Let's you define once in your routes, this style of routes, and then your views can just, the views will link to super simple. So it's very powerful, especially this might sound like a kind of simple example, but you have, if you have more polymorphic resources, this can help a lot. The other new method solves several problems. And one of these problems is if you have a form that's that post to a singular resource. For instance, if you have a form that lets user update their profile or create a profile, a user has one profile, not many. So you might wanna do a form that submits to slash profile, singular. Now, if you try to do this just by doing form for ad profile in Rails until Rails 5.0, you would see an error. It's saying undefined method profiles path, plural, because by default, all the routes are plural, even though you say resource singular in your routes file. There is a workaround for this, but this has actually been an issue in the GitHub, in the Rails GitHub since 2011. People have been asking, why is it like this? Can't we just make it work, just work? So in 5.0, the workaround was, when you do form for ad profile, you have to specify the URL. You're saying, yes, it's a form to a singular profile, but I have to explicitly say this is my URL. And if you have a form to update, you have to do it. If you have a form to destroy, you have to do it. You have to do it multiple times. In 5.1, you can add this resolve profile, which is the name of the class as a string, and then profile. You just do that once, and then that one is basically saying the routes for a single profile, it's basically just gonna work. And you do that once, and you do that in your routes file, which is probably where you should do it. And with that, I have one minute left, so I'm just gonna leave it here, but feel free to go and look at more features there, and also feel free to go and look at the changelog files inside the libraries. And then once 5.1 ships, there's also gonna be a guide to upgrade your apps from 5.0 to 5.1. And I just wanna thank all the people who have contributed to Rails, and all the people here who are gonna maybe start contributing to Rails. And that's all I have. Thank you very much.


the last man to do it. David Cohn back in July of 1999 and our colleague Coney joins us now and Coney as you were watching this game. Jack mentioned it fourth or fifth inning. You might not be thinking no hitter but you could see the stuff was special enough to get the job done. Yes. Not only was it special enough is pitch count was in order. Really the whole way. It was incomplete control. And you know I thought Jack really just hit on every point. You know I couldn't agree more with what Jack said. But you know when you've got that good of a curve ball in your back pocket and you can drop it over for strikes anytime you want. You know that's what it looked like with Corey Kluber tonight. I mean 12 times he got called strikes with that curve ball. And that's a what a weapon to have. You know you don't always have to paint with your fastball. You don't always have to get ahead with your fastball. If you need to get a strike anytime anywhere you drop that curve ball over. David he told Meredith after the game that he started thinking about his no hitter around the sixth inning. You've been in that position. You know what it is like. What are the nerves like. How can you focus just on getting a strike getting it out moving forward so that you can reach that historic moment.  He really hasn't pitched a full game in almost two years it seems like so. You know this was the side young Corey Kluber. This was the flashback. Kind of you know you know the kind of picture that everybody knew when he was one of the best pictures in the game you know arguably in the top five in the game for a five year period. This looked exactly like that darting movement. Tremendous control. That's the thing about Kluber. He's like Roy Halliday was he's a tremendous combination of movement and precision and throwing the ball exactly where he's trying to throw it. And that's what happened tonight. You know it's interesting. You said he kind of tapped into the Corey Kluber of the past. An interview he did in the past couple days. He said well I'm not that guy. I pitched differently. Now I'm a different kind of pitcher but he really did seem to channel that. And I want to ask you with Corey Kluber tonight. You saw the post game interview with Meredith. So stoic. You'd never know that he actually pitched a no hitter. But that's the kind of demeanor at times you probably need to get through those 27 hours. Yes. You know he expects to pitch well and he's pitched so well for the better part of his career that you know why wouldn't he think that way. Why wouldn't he think you know what I know what to do with it when I have good stuff.  Oh I've got exceptional control. Hey this this just like riding a bike. It all comes right back to him. The side young Corey Kluber showed up again tonight. And he knew exactly what to do. You know if your arm feels good and your stuff is good. The swings don't lie. And his stuff didn't lie. And he knew exactly what to do with it. David across his last five starts batters are three for 30 against his change up. That includes 0 for 7 tonight. I talked about how he started to throw it more in the later innings. Is that a gosh Ioka. Is that Kluber. Is that a combination of both. Why do you think they went heavier to the change up late in the game. You know you know what I think. I think it's Gary Cole. I think the success that Gary Cole has had with his change up in the unpredictability that that brings to your repertoire. You know I think you almost learn by a osmosis. I think both of those pitchers have seen how much success you could have if you incorporate that change up and how much pressure that can take off of your curve ball or your fastball. And especially if used in the right sequencing. If you sequence your change up in at the right times. Boy that is a devastating weapon. And you know I give Gary Cole credit for leading the way. And certainly Jack you're right. The gosh Ioka leading the way. And Corey Kluber having the open mindedness to use it in big spots and to understand the importance of incorporating that change up in it at the right place at the right time with the right sequencing. Well I'm glad you brought up Garrett Cole because when the season began with starting pitching for the Yankees it was Garrett Cole and everybody else. Corey Kluber started to find some things and find himself and get better command. We've seen that over the last five starts culminating in the no hitter tonight. And I just wonder with Kluber. Do you see a bona fide number two now where you say he is who he is. He's that guy that could back up Gary Cole in a big spot and in the playoffs. Well you know you know Bob it's a great question. It's a fair question. And everybody's thinking the same thing right now. So let's look under the hood. You know and in baseball nowadays we have the tools to look under the hood. OK. Let's look at a spin rate. Let's look at the vertical break on a slider and the curveball. Let's look at all the inside numbers. They're all up. They're all sort of matching his side young years. That's why I brought it up before. You know you see the eye test. Yeah the eye test. He certainly passed that with flying colors. He made history tonight. How about the other stuff under the hood. That's that's passing the test as well. And I can tell you this is spin rate was off the chart on that curveball. They're in line. All of his inside numbers are in line to the peak of his career right now at least tonight it was. David there have been more than 300 no hitters in Major League history. This is already the sixth of this season. We did a segment on our pregame where we talked about no hitters and some folks want to devalue them. I'm not one of those people. I watched the way he pitched tonight. That wasn't about offense being down. That was about Kluber dominating an offense. I wonder your thoughts about so many no hitters so early into this season. Yeah. I mean it's the ebbs and flows of the baseball game right. We're all figuring it out as we go. Pitchers are ahead of the game right now. The pitching laboratories the gas stations the bio mechanics that are being studied the sequencing the pitchers are ahead of the game right now. And we haven't even got into the composition of the baseball. Is the baseball moving more. Is there something different about the baseballs. We understand how seems make the baseball move much more than ever before. And pitchers understand that. We have scientists all over the country studying the spin of baseballs and studying in laboratories and learning about it and learning how different grips make baseballs move and the pitchers understand this better than ever before in the history of the game. I've seen moving pitches not just velocity the sequence the everything that's behind the pitch the purpose of every pitch is better than it's ever been. Certainly that I've seen in this game and you know me I'm a fan of pitching. I've seen some of the best pitching I've ever seen in my life going on right now right here. And having said all of that and I know you're deep into the analytics and the spin rates and that sort of thing. But I marvel at the fact that it comes down to a guy who believes in his stuff working with a catcher. It's a human element. You throw out all the analytics. I know it's all swirling around out there Coney but it's a pitcher and a catcher in perfect harmony getting a no hitter. It's undeniable Bob and well said on your part. I mean it really does come down to that. It's a rhythm and a sequence to everything. And if you have great rhythm and you're in timing and emotionally you're in sync with your catcher. Everything else just falls into place. You don't have to think about where your hands are. You don't have to think about your grip. You don't have to think about your release point. If that all happens naturally without thinking about it because your mind is free and you're in sync with your catcher and you're not having to worry about selection process. You're just worried about executing the pitch throwing it where you're trying to throw it. And that's what Corey Kluber did tonight. I don't think I saw him shake his head at all in terms of no I don't want to throw that pitch. He just did it every single time with tremendous tempo and tremendous mechanics and tremendous precision. Well Yankees fans and baseball fans got to see something really special tonight. Coney thanks for helping us break it down. We'll let you go but we will continue our coverage now on the post game with much more on Kluber and Jack. I just want to go back to what you.


to the third episode of Ephraim PR in Covcom next gen series where we are celebrating the win of the PR and COMS professional who made it to the elite second list of Ephraim PR in Covcom at the end of 40. So today we have with us Mr. Anirudh Bhagwat who is the CEO and co-founder at Adios Air Consulting. So hello and welcome Anirudh. How have you been? Good, good. Hi Nafisa. Thank you and thank you for having me here. Absolutely. It is a pleasure for us and congratulations for being in the second list of 40 under 40. So my first question is obviously on how do you feel being a winner of this prestigious title? I think obviously it feels great from the time that we've recently had over the last eight months. It's definitely a great time to be on a list and provide some amount of motivation for to keep going and kind of going towards the passion. But what I would say is that you know there's a certain vision that we've all probably built for ourselves professionally and these lists and this one particularly kind of just gives a small indication that you're on the right track. Obviously there's a long way to go but maybe it gives an indication that you're on the right track. So it is good to be on it and also being connected with the other 39 people. These are all stalwarts in the industry and it's good to have a platform or a reason to connect and kind of learn from them. Awesome and we really hope that we continue this winning streak and the celebrations throughout the new year. So we have seen that the industry has gone through a lot of changes and more so in the past 10 months. So what kind of sentimental changes have you observed in this industry and maybe we can talk about what are the broad trends that you have observed according to you. So I think one of the one of the bigger trends that I would see in a piece is that even and this is not necessarily only because of the pandemic. Even before the pandemic we saw communications as a domain or as a practice start taking a much more business-centric role in many enterprises. Interprises around the world are understanding that communication is actually by far maybe one of the most important things to run not just finance, not just marketing, not just sales, but communication as an art and because of which we saw the movement of communication professionals moving to business roles as well within organizations. I think that because of the pandemic I think it's further accelerated that trend where organizations are understanding that communication is now really one of the most important things because of the fact that every single thing that's set by an organization today because it's appearing everywhere on a two-way engagement platform like a Twitter or an IG or whatever where consumers can immediately reply have an opinion and influence others to also have an opinion in those type of situations the constructive message and the depth of how we want to communicate becomes so important for every brand and I think that's been probably the biggest accident in this time for as I've seen as a trend and obviously just like any other industry embracing technology, picking up digital platforms to collaborate I mean these are things that everyone would do I don't think that's specific to PR or communication as a practice but I would say that the biggest thing is that adaptability or innovation of how are we going to make things work and I think another trend is also the fact that within certain scenes because of the fact that today or rather recently we've not been able to actually physically meet customers or physically meet influencers etc how do you create those platforms of engagement how do you how do you create the media launch on a digital in a fully digitally in a digital environment right we are seeing a lot of industry conferences like yours also happening on a digital trend and there's a lot of innovation that goes in that right so I think those are the broad trends that I would see okay and you know you talked about adaptability, flexibility, evolution and innovation so I would like to ask you and have some insights on the kind of skills that are required right now to prevail you know or to you know do better in the market that has really shaped up so I think one of the biggest things is I would say it has nothing to do with core skills for me because I think pre-pandemic and post-pandemic the core skills of our domain are things that remain constant right I mean we as a at least I can speak from a PR agency perspective and probably any type of agency in marketing one of the biggest advantages is that we get to be exposed to so many industries at the same time which also means that our learning is continuous it's part of our job really you know it's something that we have to do across industries to do our job well so those type of core skills of getting better at the industries that you handle and getting deeper into you know we had technology coming in how do you look at ML, AI, LPR and a lot of data curation all of these things have been spoken about even pre-pandemic like I said maybe accelerated in this particular time but I think that the biggest skills that are on demand in the industry today are non-core skills are where we are actually looking at the maturity of the professional we are looking at the adaptability of the professional knowing that we are in uncertain times that will this will this person be able to adapt to different situations not only on from a delivery perspective but even from a work perspective because things are changing on a rapid basis right and the other aspect would also be how mentally aware or in control this person is and I think that's what is more and more important right and as organizations also we are doing a lot or we're trying to do as much as possible for our own teams in terms of you know well-being and things like that because I think it's very very important because it directly affects work you know there's an argument that it is more of a personal thing you know your mental state of mind is a personal thing for all those who are completely business oriented my answer to that would be that great wellness amongst your team having a good emotional portion as an aggregate within your team is directly proportionate to how good and how well you will do in business because at the end of the day if we are all happy doing what we want to do we just do better of it right so even from a business perspective it makes sense and I think those are the types of skills of adaptability or having a high emotional portion having a high maturity I think these are the types of skills that are most in demand apart from a lot of the technology skillsets and communication and content skillset that the industry's been adding for for the past few years now and you know we have all been working from home and this is also an example of how we are working from our homes doing everything virtually so if I ask you what has been your experience of working from home and with your team maybe you must have you know a lot of new stuff about your team and what are the you know new experiences that you had during these eight to nine months sure well firstly let me let me make a statement that I'm sitting in office right now because we have started coming to office it feels good I I tell you work from home has been a really incredible learning experience not only for the organization all our leadership as well and to myself right because I think that in you know self growth was a lot that happened during this time because you started being more embracing digital technology embracing collaboration being okay with uncertainty being okay with work line balance as it presents itself because everything had changed right so I think that was the biggest aspect that I would I would kind of look at but when it comes to where we are kind of going or the skills or the qualities that we need I think it's very important to look at that emotional portion so I forgot your question I was asking a rather lighter question like what are the new experiences you had with your team maybe came up with some you know things about them right so the biggest experience I must tell you is that our anniversary was actually right during the lockdown right and usually we always have a habit of going on off-sides together and kind of connecting and we did this again our first time of the team really trying to put together a digital type of celebration and we called it a lot of alumni from from IEOSP and the past people who worked with us and had a great turnout it was because an excellent time because at that point of time you obviously adapt to the fact that this is the best we can do in terms of for yourself also in connecting with people and I think that is something that was an experience of mine which kind of worked out really well but you also asked about my impression of work from work honestly I think that in the given circumstances it you know when it's needed it's needed and and you always will put you know the safety of all of us as high as priority but in this in the situation that it is not needed I would be a person that would rather be in office I think that collaboration I think that seeing people on a regular basis the water cooler talks and all of those things that they call it are very very important to me as a professional I think they add a lot of value to a business and given the circumstances are safe and and and it is possible I would definitely look at a hybrid now between work from home and work at office I think it should always be a hybrid and I am not sure if work from home permanently would be something I would be comfortable with in that sense because of current experience. I think you basically kind of somewhere answered my next question that I was about to ask like is the industry ready to go fully virtual in the times to come or are we technologically adept to go to that next step now? I think absolutely we are I mean I would and I'm speaking as an industry look at the type of events that we've been able to run without much delay look at the type of digital collaborations that we've been able to do even you know platforms and communities that you know for a for a media platform like yours who's trying to build even you guys have done that right I've seen we a lot of consultancies have done media launches and you know press meets and work has been as usual so I think it really shows to the resilience of the team I don't think it was very hard for all those to pick up and I think that at times when we are in situations where we have to figure out as as a community and as professionals I think they've always been very innovative you know keep on moving ahead and figuring out what could be solutions so I think in that sense we've been we've been as an industry I think we've shown a lot of resilience during this time because while there have been challenges it seemed like we've not missed a beat and we've only gotten better post pandemic. I think resilience is the right words everybody has shown that kind of resilience and adaptability so Anirudh moving on if I ask about your form ideas fair and how has ideas fair utilized or used the challenges into an opportunity in the past eight to nine months so I think one of the biggest challenges was that we were all from home right and I think that the that we learned a lot about what is it to connect with the team what is it how do we maintain the same culture of an organization in a digital remote omnipresent type of level we're still learning it by the way but I think that that was a that was a huge learning of the lockdown the other thing is also it gave us time to introspect you know obviously when the lockdown started some of our customers you know wanted to renegotiate some of our customers caused their contracts a couple of times left also so so speaking as business yes it was a difficult time but at the same time it was important and it gave us time to actually introspect a bit have much more deeper conversations about the business with leadership and with the team in terms of where are we going what should be our vision how do we get prepared post pandemic and you look at it as a time for preparation you know and I do believe that a lot of things are happening for a reason in that sense and in that sense it is a learning for all of us so a lot like I said the a lot of the learning that we've had because of the pandemic we've just sped up our whole industry wide digital transformation like time stand right it just happened immediately it should have happened a long time ago needed something like this to happen to actually get us there but we are there and even post pandemic when things go back we still continue to have these skills so we'll be much more agile as an industry we'll be much more flexible from an idea sphere perspective we realize that measurability is going to be important in the future evidence-based measurability where we can actually show not only the impact of our work to brand but also to business aligning to what I said initially in your question and because of that we are able to develop some outcome based models for business look at how we want to structure our business where we went into more of an understanding of what customers want we also launched our white paper sometime during the during the lockdown so it's been it's been a lot of learning nefisa so mainly introspection being agile and flexible and also adaptability of the team like I was I was I can tell you without a doubt everybody on my team better did better than me at adaptability during the lockdown and it was it was the most difficult for me and and I really had soft blood because I used to look at saying they are everything is continuing you know as business as usual to the to the most extent probably I took a couple more days to get on the bus but it was it was exactly a great learning and a great self-discovery of our own selves all of us and absolutely we have to you know keep all rolling to sales through these difficult times and we have actually everyone has come out as winners right and so you have been an entrepreneur if I am not wrong right so and there are many people who aspire to be one so what are the qualities or maybe the important skills it's required to you know come out or become a successful entrepreneur in this industry according to you so I think that if you it's very easy to start a business in our industry mainly because of the fact that you need only a laptop and internet connection to start a business right so in that sense there are very less barriers for anyone to start and probably after almost nine years of ideas we are one of the one of the things that we have we have started to realize as entrepreneurs is that a business must have a very very clear purpose and a differentiate of why they want to do it if you're if you're going to go need to in into an industry of just having another consultancy or another agency and I understand that the differences are made for thin but you must have some of them because my thinking is that you're taking a risk as an entrepreneur to start a business you're doing it to create value for yourself and others and when you're doing that why would you even do exactly what's there in the industry because that increases your risk of failure because there's just one more right what if the only way you can succeed is to have something clearly differentiate number one so I think one must understand that why and what is the intent or why am I going to start something the second aspect is that we must know the business of our craft not the craft itself I've seen so many remarkable communication professionals at times struggle in running a business because they may understand the craft but they don't know the business of the craft and I think one of the one of the things that young professionals who wish to be entrepreneurial do is that during the course of their work try and observe and understand the business understand how margins work everything about how does this whole shift flow that the agency that you're in because those type of learnings and that type of observation will definitely help so that would be the second thing and the third is the how strong are you emotionally because entrepreneurship is all about being able to handle good and bad well it's being able to manage stress extremely well there's going to be uncertain times I mean you essentially step into a world of uncertainty from the day you start and you need to be extremely strong and mentally aware and mentally in control to do that and a lot of these things honestly you know I personally and I can watch on our entire leadership and my co-founder Meena that we've learned is that it's something we're learning now I wish that somebody would have taught us now or taught us that before but I think the business of what you're in your attitude and your and your self-control or your ability to handle stress is very very important to being a great entrepreneur along with the fact that your business must be differentiated there must be a reason for why you want to start something I think your voice would be really helpful for people who are you know on this way of being an entrepreneur so as we know that we are in the last month of 2020 and we are going towards 2021 so what according to you would be the key innovations that might re-shape the beer and pop-up industry in the times to come maybe we can talk about two or three innovations according to you I think I'll tell you I don't know I should call them more of my my forecast of what I think that we should be doing as an industry I think that overall because of the time that hybrid work environments will continue I think digitization of our entire delivery process and this is not only for beer but any type of any type of agency as such in the marketing but I think digitization of that automation of a lot of manual workflows and redundancies in our own business which we do on a daily basis that continue to do the same thing and at times it gets monotonous but we don't take the effort of finding a better way to do it and I think we are starting to do that and having those engines which will allow us to define process and systems in a consistent and automated form where you're actually obviously in a way digitally transform yourself to do that where the communication profession sit on top of the system as thinkers as problem solvers as content creators and let the system do the redundancy of manual workflows and try to ensure that you're spending time on quality I think this is where probably as an industry we will go because we need to get you know we need to get much more efficient and consistent in our delivery what happens across multiple consultancies is that different teams often deliver at different quality levels and it could be all different and I think this is a challenge all consultancy space somewhere digitizing at least the bottom functional layer could help in that it's not going to be an answer it could help in that and the second thing that I see in 2021 is I see more and it's already happened but I see more consumer behavior or consumer psychologists coming into our fraternity or those skillsets being required I think understanding of the human mind is very important for us as we are professionals because at the end of the day there are so many mediums so many messages one can deliver how do we know and how do we get into the minds of our audience of who we are talking to I think a lot has to do with consumer psychology and and there are it's already there are professionals but I think you're going to see many more of that so one on a technology side one on a skillset side I think those are going to be the major trends absolutely I think communication has taken the centre stage now and more so it will be amplified in the years to come so Anirudh let's move to my maybe the second last part of this interview what are your future plans so a lot of so like I said we we took that time to kind of get feedback from customers look the pandemic time to kind of introspect and in what we want to do we've kind of realized the need for having a single window service work for customers right where they would want a lot of their communications to be done from one particular or another led by one and what I mean by communication is not only media relations where it could be content it could be sales content it could be you know what what the leadership is saying there's multiple facets and for that you require obviously a division of insights where you're continuously getting insights from the market or your stakeholders you require content to be created and all sorts of content and you require the photo market or amplification which is how do I go out whether it's social media or PR and we've actually built these three into SPUs within our business we have project managers which which manage the brand and we are able to give that single window so over time we've also been able to build a strong ecosystem which is a platform that we've been we have worked 75 partners who we've all worked with and ranked and rated and these are across design content etc so we are able to measure that quality and give a single window I think the future plans for a year's we are also lying how are we going to be able to technologically look at our value chain and figure out where can we really in a way transform ourselves what can we do better how can we become more efficient something we call internally about the six piece which I will get to but things like productivity performance and those type of things that we want to kind of look at it how do we be how are we able to build platforms that can provide a measurable answer to that apart from apart from which one of the other things is also to figure out how can we use our insights which is a key differential event something very close to each of our hearts and ideas here how do we use that to create a larger impact in the community how can we look at insights as a larger play because we've been doing it for many years and we started also evolving into understanding and going into that so I look forward to how we can use that better as well so these are these are the two things one from a technology transformation perspective and the other from a product perspective of what more we can do with the type of really good work we've been doing on insights and if I ask on your personal friend and not ideas fair if you talk about ideas fair what are your personal goals for the future so my my personal goals are one is to be a little bit and continue to learn to be more patient in life and more more calm and collected in in this environment I think one of the things that this is taught us is patience and that's one of the things that I see for myself going forward the other is also trying to understand that when as a leader trying to get better at transparency at friend and said understanding what is the right thing to do not running away from in a way what what one may call a sticky situation or something that's difficult to do it and face it around and you find the right solution which is the right way to work out of business and those type of things is a learning for me as just a leader I think that continues to happen and the third thing is to spend more time with my family and and try to ensure that I continue it's something where probably what the pandemic has also taught us that you should enjoy work if you enjoy fun you should enjoy family it really is just being about it's about your mind being where you are at that point of time physically so if you are at home be at home be at work and and as long as we do that I think we intend to be happier and I want to ensure I do that so a lot of these are a lot of changes I don't know what I see for myself if I do this well then awesome I think this was an insightful talk I would just like to finish this interaction on an exciting and fun note and let's play some rapid fire right so I will just say some terms and you have to speak to us what that comes in your mind right okay so shall we start so when I say digital what do you mean transformation social media conversation um influencer marketing PR technology permanence just there now 40 and a 40 list great milestone awesome thank you so much Anirudh this was really an insightful and and you know exciting talk thank you so much for being here and once again congratulations thanks Nafisa thanks to the exchange for being by having me it was great for me as well


We are now quickly demonstrating some of the applications that we have developed. What you see here is a robot. Some of you would have seen a similar robot in our earlier demonstration. This robot itself is an educational robot developed in our embedded real-time systems lab by Kavya R.A. and his team. This is traditionally controlled from PCs on Wi-Fi. Last year some students developed a control using Android. This year, in the last three months, during the months of summer, a team of six students, not IIT students, but summer interns from various colleges like VNIT, Nagpur, Pune, COIP, Pune, I think somebody was there from Meshra, Raji, whatever, some six students, they developed a complete control application on Akash. You can see that robot is moving actually. It is not just the control of the robot, but you can see that there is a camera mounted on the robot and can you show the, no, no, no, take it back and show the people. Now you see the Akash tablet, the video, or point it to those people there, point it somewhere where the, see there is a camera on top of robot. The camera is capturing live video. Now that is also coming to the Akash tablet. So if you see, this is the Akash tablet. This is, this Akash tablet is showing the video from this robot. Yes, you can move your hand and it will check it. It's correct. Yeah, okay, somebody in that corner, can you raise your hand? Then we'll see whether it is working or not. Yes.  I actually demonstrated it by controlling the robot in our lab from New York and Canada. So it is not necessary that you control it from here. It has a Raspberry Pi board, Rajesh team has put the entire Linux kernel on top of it. It controls the robot as well as the Wi-Fi camera, connects it on Wi-Fi access point, which connects to Akash tablet. And the robot control application is actually loaded onto the Akash tablet. So that will be one of the applications which we'll be releasing in open source. And those of you who are interested in such robot control can take that base application and do whatever you want because the entire source code will be available in open source. Now additionally, we have applications such as proximity, which permits creation of interactive lessons. Parag Tiwari's team has been working on it for last three years. Originally these lessons were supposed to be used on desktop. Now these lessons can be seen and listened to from the Akash tablet itself. We have spoken tutorials, many of you will have participated in these spoken tutorials. All the spoken tutorials and several other educational contents can now be seen on Akash. Most importantly, to emphasize the full form of L-CAD as I mentioned, it is low-cost access cum computing device. Now ordinarily tablets are only access devices. Have you ever seen an iPad or any other Android tablet available in the market in which you can write CC++ programs? Generally, the programming is limited to desktops. Our team has actually implemented a Linux layer on top of Android and they have ported CC++, Python and SyLab. All of it works on the Akash tablet now. So that means if you are using the tablets to teach a first year course in CC++, the students can actually write programs, save programs, run programs, compile programs on the Akash tablet itself. We believe it has been a substantial contribution. All of it will go in open source anyway. Now the key thing is none of this software is preloaded on the tablets. When the tablets start getting manufactured in the Indian manufacturer of DataVend, which will start happening somewhere around middle or towards the end of this month, the subsequent tablets will preload all the software there. Currently, the only software that comes preloaded is the standard Android operating system and the Android-related applications which are there. What it means is that when you get the tablets, you will have to load all the software on those tablets. Now for loading the software, that is for installing the software on Android, there is a process. I believe that process has been documented and it is uploaded on the Moodle. Effectively, what you do while installing software is there is a package called APK. They are called APK files. So you download those APK files on Android and once they are put there, you just touch on them, they will get installed. The entire installation process has been indicated on the Moodle. That is what you will have to try. The Akash tablet that you see in your hands does not have a regular USB port. It has a mini USB port. So you need a small cable. In your packet, there will be a small cable which is an extender which will take the mini USB and will give you a regular USB thing. To that USB, you can put either a USB pen drive or you can connect it to your laptop or wherever it is and do the necessary installation. That procedure is already given but what it means is you will have to install this software in the tablets that you receive. Now assuming that some of you receive these tablets only on 8th night or 9th morning, you will have to do something on Warfooting to install this software on those 20 or 40 tablets that you get. Each tablet takes about one and a half minutes to install. The way we do it is we put 10 people around and each of them takes a tablet, connects it to a laptop or connects it to a USB dongle and install it. So what you could do is after going back, you may want to create multiple USB dongles at your own place, 10 or 15 and keep them ready by downloading all the APK files on them so that you don't require PCs etc. Or you could keep 8 or 10 PCs. One resource that I would like to suggest to you which we use heavily in such emergencies is our third year or fourth year students. You will find that in your college also there will be 8 or 10 students who will know much more than all of us combined on how to install software on Android and so on. You tell them these instructions, put them in a row and in about one hour they will install all the software on all your tablets. The software is identical so you need to test only on one or two. There are manuals there which will tell you how to use those applications but this time because we did not have enough time to discuss this, you will have to discover these things on your own. In case of any problem, we will have only Moodle things, we will put an FAQ and we will constantly upgrade that FAQ. Anybody feels a problem should set it up on the discussion forum that we will create and anybody who finds a solution should post a solution on that discussion forum. That is the way the collaboration works. In short then there are four or five applications including spoken tutorials. In fact, let me just introduce the teams at least because we do not have time to go through all those applications. So Rajesh will you please stand up, they have already seen you. He is the person, his team has done both the clicker and the robo application. Parag Tiwari is not here but is there somebody from his team? They have developed the proximity application and they also wrote the initial scripts for installation of applications and so on. There is a small team which comprises of animators. There are by the way educational animations. They come from our Oscar project. Since the result of those animations are directly AVI files, they can be played using any media player. And Akash Tablet has the normal media player, adobe reader, etc. Spoken tutorial is another very exciting initiative which creates ten minutes tutorials on specific topics. In fact, somebody suggested that they would be creating open spoken tutorials on Android development, a series of them. And we believe, I will indicate it later during a talk in the main workshop, how ten minute, fifteen minute duration videos or ten minute, fifteen minute lectures are going to be the cornerstone of the emerging educational methodology. These one hour lectures are going to be passing. We have to forget them as soon as possible. But that's a different story. We have Shama here. Shama, can you please stand up? She heads the spoken tutorial team. This is Professor Kannan Malkalya's initiative. You will see Kannan on 10th or 11th later. Some of you would have seen him earlier. And he is essentially the driving force behind this. Kannan is also a driving force behind another important attempt, that is the CC++ programming environment. Let me tell you all other applications that we have spoken of, including the robo-control. Work has been going on in IIT over the last two or three years on variety of development. I am merely coordinated by exciting them to contribute to this. But the CC++ environment was started from scratch in the month of May. And by August, they have completed the development. It's one of the greatest hacks. They did it first for the Android 2.2. And of course it works on Android 4 now. So Srikant Patnaik and Sachin, both of them are not here. As we speak, they are busy in further hacking. What they are doing is, they are trying to make this tablet, a dual boot tablet from the SD card, so that the second boot is Linux itself. So it is no more an Android tablet, it's a Linux machine. And by the way, this is not hypothetical. Three days ago around midnight, I actually saw the first Ubuntu Linux working on Akash. So it works. If you realize that this 2263 rupees device is actually far more powerful than the PC80 that we had one time, then you can see that there is no problem there. Of course, there is no SD card, by the way, in your Akash tablets. The SD card cost is not covered by the funding that we have received. What we are presuming is that people who use these tablets, both teachers and students, would put the SD card of their choice. Currently it has four GB of internal flash, out of which two GB is used for system software, and the other two GB is partitioned as an internal SD card. So from that internal SD card, that is where these applications will be downloaded, contents could be downloaded, you can use that without using an SD card. So all the software and contents that you get on the Moodle are installable without any SD card. However, the students and teachers are free to use SD cards of their choice. Incidentally, the slot supports SD cards of up to 32 GB. So people can even watch full-length movies, although that is not advisable.  Additionally, you have known about the SD card slot. There is a Wi-Fi connectivity, but it is not a phone, so there is no SIM card slot. But Wi-Fi connectivity is there, and if you are connected using Wi-Fi to internet, you can browse internet. We have successfully loaded Skype on Akash, it works, because it has a front camera. I will end by telling you the story about that camera. When we negotiated, the upgrade of the technical specifications were limited to what was there originally. So better processor, more memory, etc., etc. But there is no camera. We got the first devices running Android 2.3 as I told you, and that is when we developed all the software, but Android 2.2 has a freezing problem. The tablets freeze suddenly in between. So when we complained, we knew that he was working on an advanced device, which is this 1 GB processor, and he said that is a costly device, but we requested him and he agreed on 14th August, we had a marathon meeting, where he agreed to supply us this Android 4.0 version. That is what you are all getting. Now unfortunately for him, the device which is working, his specialty by the way is capacitive touch screens, which they make in Montreal, personally visited that factory. They are sending these touch screens to China, where the things are getting assembled with the PCBs, and they use all-winner A13 processor. That is the processor, that is the reason why the cost is so cheap. Unfortunately in his design, he had a camera at the top. So he told us when he gave us the samples, that you should pay us more for the camera. The camera cost after some persuasion he indicated was 50 cents. Can you imagine 50 cents a good camera? You can't buy it in the market, but as a small device embedded, it comes in 50 cents. That cost works out to 37 rupees. Now 37 rupees is not too much money, but because of the need to follow government financial rules, where we have negotiated and given a fixed price contract, I was not sure whether I have authority to increase the price. So when I asked him that we will not be able to pay you this, then he says the camera will not be there in the devices that we will deliver to you. By looking at the way he was telling me, I realized that it's not going to be easy for him to remove the camera. See, those of you who have worked on embedded systems, once a design goes to the manufacturer, you can't change that design halfway through. Of course he can redesign, and of course he can instruct the redesign bill of materials to be implemented. I guess that he will not be able to do it before he delivers all one lakh tablets. Now we do not know about that, so frankly it is quite possible that the tablets that you receive will not have a camera eventual. As of yesterday midnight report, the first 4,000 lot which has been dispatched has cameras. In all likelihood the next 4,500 which are coming tonight will have cameras. And hopefully all 20,000 which come in first plot will have cameras. If they all have cameras, I will tell him that now he cannot shortchange the people because the same remote centers will have some cameras and some non-cameras. You have to wish me good luck in further negotiations. I do not know what will happen there. In short, you now have a fairly stable device. These applications are there. I will tell you hundreds of people have worked for last 4 months here, but this is all just demonstration. These applications are quite thrilling, quite good, and people have taken enormous effort, but this is just a starting point. I would expect students in your colleges, BE students, ME students, teachers working together on concentrated research projects should come up with phenomenally large number of applications and contents over the next 2 years. And I am very confident that your people will be able to do that. Just to demonstrate that, by the way, last time in the robo-control was being developed, I had insisted that that work will be done only by summer interns, not by my technical. To prove that students from other colleges are equally capable of doing creative work, it has been proven. It is all up to you now to ask them to do more work.