Thank you so much for coming This is a this is a topic that we feel is extremely important and Matthias and I have been thinking about it and acting on it for the last year or so and The story that we're about to tell you Prompted us both to create Presentations for different situations based on the same material and we've both done those a few times and And and been relatively well received now we have smashed those two presentations together Barbie and Oppenheimer, right so So so you get 90 minutes of presentation in 45 minutes effectively and the The pragmatic and the angry stuff. That's mostly mine and the visionary hopeful stuff. That's mostly his right And any of you who know me I'm sure that fits Right so Thank you so much for coming to our session. This is where I work Open strategy partners. I've co-founded it with Tracy Evans who's sitting there in pink and we help Digital agencies technical product companies and open source projects Communicate strategically and effectively so that they can communicate connect and grow I work with a genius. She's amazing all the smart ideas in the company are hers Tracy has a deep strategic background in business. I have had several thousand beers with people like you in open source and technology We put that together to be a strategic communications company our very good friend and part-time team member Matthias That's me has transitions in his slides. I Do I'm from outside Oslo and Nora I can press the button to this is cool. I'm currently in New Zealand And I have a wife and two kids and I've been doing type of three since 2003 and I'm in the type of three association board Which is not boring I'm also an open-source evangelist at Toujou and as Jam very well said it I'm also a communication consultant at OSP because they need it And another another thing I'd like to point out about OSP is that we work with Drupal clients with typo 3 clients With Sulu clients. Those are all open-source CMS is we also work with training companies Hosting companies and other technology organizations. We're not now you said type of three I think three times and I can change slide because people are like what is type of three, right? so type of three is very Simply explained it is a PHP based CMS Never heard about that. It is free and open source it is community-driven and It's backed by an association never heard about that either does this sound familiar? Yeah, and it has a long history We're actually 25 years this year. Yeah, what what what does that sound like here? You know Well, if you look Below the surface of type of three it sounds You know, well look at this is Drupal Drupal 10 if you install Drupal 10 you have 54 Dependencies composer dependencies next type of three version 12 came out this year as well has 98 Composer dependencies that isn't really important We do think slightly differently, but We actually have 33 Composer dependencies in common So even though we do things in different ways. We're actually really quite similar still though Yeah, we're similar Type of three slides have too many clicks in them. That's a big difference. Yeah Still though we tend to you know Say that well type of three is better than Drupal or Drupal is better than type of three But That's really not the way we should think we do have those 33 Composer dependencies in common and There are much bigger things in The sky the dark clouds and all of that That actually should lead us to collaborate which we're actually doing. Yeah. Yeah So I like to say that around the turn of the last century two sets of kids were given the same set of Lego bricks and told to solve the web publishing problem and You have very interestingly different and very interestingly the same Solutions with type of three and Drupal so fundamentally we're friends and we're gonna get into that more but One of the biggest themes of this talk is that we need to present a unified front as open source projects and business solutions Before we start competing with each other because the world sees us as open source First and how many times have you been told? I tried open source. It didn't work for me Yeah, I mean I met a guy earlier this year who actually said, you know, I tried open source Once it didn't work Yeah Yeah, that's how people relate to open source. It's a brand right whatever happens in open source If it's good, it's good for everyone if it's bad It's definitely bad for everyone because the proprietary world can say look just look at open source They come to security. Yeah. Yeah, there you go. So so I had a big scare at the beginning of this year that I'm about to reveal and It prompted us to passionately agree that we all as open source practitioners and practitioners and business people need to remember Why and how we're special and remember to tell the world about that because there are always new people assessing technology always people making new technology choices and What we do is genuinely special and genuinely weird and Genuinely a little bit tricky to explain to people who live in the regular economy of scarcity Yes, I mean we actually don't learn about open source in school Open source is a totally new and different way of working and I think we talk a little bit too little about that Right. So in a nutshell, we think that for the last few years We've remembered freedom and we've forgotten about the responsibility part of open source. So since about 2008 Everyone I know in open source has been really busy and we've been founded companies and we've been at a hundred twenty percent capacity And we've been working really hard and we've got government contracts and we've got private sector contracts and we've been doing great successful and we haven't needed We haven't felt that we really needed to talk about it. We got quite complacent, right and Along comes January 31st this year and Somebody sent me this article at an inconvenient time of day so Anyone know govcms in Australia. It's amazing. It's Drupal I was very small part of the team that originally got it going in Australia back in the day It's been through the hands of several service providers. It's wonderful. It's built on Drupal Somebody got the right meeting in 2020 and Essentially convinced someone in the Australian government to ignore the massive infrastructure that they've built on open source and the massive investment that they've made in their own country with their own money and Given contracts to Deloitte and Adobe it worth more than 80 million dollars To create a DXP with personalization, right Even though The govcms already serves a hundred thirty three Departments in the federal government. It fully runs to state governments. It's a fully open source distribution I mean the prices you can win in the buzz buzzword bingo today. Yeah So It turns out Right, not only that but the personalization of the of the DXP that one of the departments Got sold on Was illegal under Australian data privacy and protection laws They were not allowed to do and this is government people who spent as of the beginning of this year 35.6 million Australian dollars on illegal functionality super cool I got super upset Australia has an incredible success story for us as Drupal and open source practitioners So Matias and I concluded that This has been most of us complacent in our success, right? This is good. We've got the work. It doesn't matter Even though the Australian government has been using free and open source software The procurement people aren't aware of what they're using and they they don't they don't know why now It's not their job to know why but I think it's our job To make sure that people know we have to talk about open source. Yeah, it's uh, you know If you what if you what if you phrase it? It seems to me that it's an odd decision to send Australian taxpayer money To an American company for their proprietary software, right when you could invest it in your own country and in your own economy So anyway, let's talk for two minutes about how things used to be how things really used to be Flashback to 2001 and a Microsoft Senior executive called open source an intellectual property destroyer, right and I you know, I can't imagine anything worse for the software business Yeah, so so um so that was fun and we had a lot of fun with this for a long time and and Microsoft now actually does really pretty darn well with open source I have a friend whose job is fully open source full-time with With Microsoft, right? So this is how things were and this is how we were feeling and you know, this is all the But you know As I said, I think we've forgotten what's weird and forgotten what's important about what we do so Matias and I talked this through and We want to run you through what should be a recap for everyone So we're gonna talk about the four freedoms what they mean I'm gonna talk about the consequences and all the job that I used to do is open source evangelists at Acquia And how to close deals and how to sell open source and all that stuff. I want to touch on all that We still need to do it, but it should be familiar to you and then um Matias is Um Matias has some much bigger ideas that that are are stunning and astonishing and beautiful magic and idealism and pink and all of those so So let's get back to the basics for a second, right? We have We have four freedoms and they they have a really fat fantastic value proposition And so now you'll notice from the font and the format of my old slides, right? I'm pulling this out of the archive Right, we're free to use open source for anything Anywhere and forever and no one can take us take it away from us and no one can change the price on us Awesome, and we're all free to open it up and we're free to understand if we think it's secure And if it'll do what we Need it to do we're free to ask our friends or service providers for help to change it and make it Exactly what we need it to be that's awesome And not only that when we've created the perfect solution to whatever our challenges in our industry and vertical We can build a business on that. We can give it all away. We can Give it to the community These are our four freedoms. It's love basically, right now. This is where um, there's a very interesting podcast called open source utopia and it's very very short episodes and they have titles like open source is love and What's the magic wizard one? Oh? There's lots of magic in them actually right there Only two and a half minutes long So if you have a very short way to your office, which most of us have when we have home office This is what you can listen. Oh, this is for your Matias created it during the pandemic for the pandemic commute from the toilet to the desk Yeah, so open source utopia is utterly fascinating and when Matias showed me the scripts that he was developing and I was very Flattered that you ask for my input on them. I said Amazing because he thinks about open source in ways that I never had and it was a really it was a growing experience for me because I I Didn't want to impose my perspectives on it. I really wanted to learn and so anyway open source utopia is super weird and Really really really interesting and we're gonna touch on some of those themes in a bit so We have freedom Right so and the classic freedoms are free as in beer, right? You can have it and it's free as in speech. You can use it for whatever you want. Okay now You also have freedom of choice. You can do anything you want with it However, there's an interesting wrinkle here. Yeah, you know the story of the gingerbread boy So, you know, you have these two parents who really really want a kid and they can't Have it for some reason. Maybe they don't know how maybe it's some other thing limiting them But anyway, they what they do is that they make a gingerbread boy put it in the oven and once it's finished they open the oven and He pops out and he says hi. I'm here and he runs out the door and he meets lots of cool people and That's basically what happens to an open source project You know somebody makes it and then they open source it and if they're lucky somebody picks it up and does Whatever they want with it. Yeah, isn't that cool? Everyone can do whatever they want with it Everyone else is also free to do whatever they want with it, right? And then my favorite conceptually is Open source is free as in puppy, right? Here is a free puppy. Isn't it cute and wonderful? Doesn't it wag its tail just like you need? But you have to feed it and water it and love it and take care of it, right? And so the same thing with the gingerbread boy. He actually gets eaten by the fox in the end So there is something more to open source than just this dancing around being free, right? So we feel that when we take we feel that when we take on all this cool free stuff that tens of thousands of our friends have Made for us over the last 20 25 years. It comes with Responsibility Freedom comes with responsibility and and that's why we have all sorts of organizations and communities and customs around us So that was the four freedoms the core of of our practices in thinking I want to jump through three or four quick examples of how We pitch open source as a business choice not as a moral choice as purely pragmatic It makes good sense to do this because you get more money more efficiently do more things whatever your mission is so We open source we've radically changed the economics of infrastructure and return on investment and cost structures and the potential value of information Right and and we've done this in a bunch of ways We've let people build their own perfect solutions and pass them on right um, we've allowed people to spend their money different ways, so Given these four freedoms an early and powerful Story That is probably obvious to all of us in this room But not necessarily and this is what I keep coming back to we need to tell people about this if you have a classic Project with a budget of a hundred.  Build a better project right subtract the license fees or seat costs or something From your Project and all of a sudden maybe you get you know a better color of blue from your design team Or you know you you get it on a better server or you or you train some more staff or you or you do better testing or something You can spend the same money. You can get a better project out of it and You can what's not here And I think is a very powerful story that we come to you also choose where to spend your money Right and you can spend it in your own economy and you don't have to be a cheapskate, right? Right, right? Never sell open source as free to your clients because IT projects cost money, right? Everybody has IT costs and personnel housing over there, but when the license fee is no rupees. I gave this talk in Mumbai You can You can if I just noticed that wow you can invest in your team And you can invest in what you need when you need it because you're you've got thousands of vendors that can help you You've got your own data you built you get what you need when you need it You you don't have to ask Microsoft to please implement a feature, right? And and so you get a Better roadmap of an overall just a better project Little story that my dad used to like to tell I guess he still does You got to own the bricks. I don't want my government spending my tax money on infrastructure that it doesn't own I really Don't like the idea that Oracle or SAP or pick your poison can say hey You've built this entire bit of digital infrastructure, but anywhere else it's not making enough money for us So we're gonna shut it down or Right, but you are lucky because we will let you upgrade to version 2 which we're releasing next year Which doesn't it doesn't quite work the same and cost twice as much, but hey, what choice do you have right? in the restaurant business Classically you want a location where People will walk by and spontaneously walk in and be like oh, yes, I'm gonna have a drink or some nachos or something and Once you're established and people know about it They might come to you as a destination they might call ahead right and make reservations but you want you want to have a great place and When you're renting this place in the in the pedestrian zone of your town and it's going great And you've been there for a year or two and your landlord comes and says you guys are awesome And I love your nachos. You're doing great. Yes. We're doing great. Isn't it great? Yes. I think so. I'm doubling your rent Location is everything. What do you do? So you got to own the bricks right you need to buy the property to put your restaurant in To make that happen so that nobody can double the price or or take the thing away from you, right? This is why For example our governments who should really build their infrastructure on open source very old slide People still ask us if Open source software is secure and we can talk about you know any number of dozens of security experts looking at Drupal and type of 3 and Other systems every day because they're implemented in governments around the world and you could objectively see that the code is secure And lots of people have said it out loud people still ask about this so So there are a few of the of the sort of businessy things that we talk about now Matthias began to really blow my mind when he started talking about Open source adding value beyond this scope. I had thought about this far in different versions So beyond our daily work and business Matthias, please Bring it on. Yeah. Yes. So very often when you have government projects I can stand there and click the button if you want and you can stand on the other side smile, please Generally when you have projects with the government today Depending on what Political flavor is in power. They either say The government should do everything the government should build the software the government should own the software the government should do its own thing Or they say that well the government shouldn't do anything the private sector should do everything the private sector should own everything And the government should just pay for it The interesting thing though is that whichever political flavor it is in power. Both of the solutions are actually proprietary Either the government owns it or the private sector owns it Well, where does open source come in? so We have this amazing thing that happens be you know in the space that's left behind Between government and private sector. It's called civil society civil society is basically another word for community Oh, you might know community from before but What is it actually that happens here? I have a wonderful analogy that I'm gonna run for you this Dear audience is a desert The desert is The example of the monolithic the monoculture the monotechnical in this environment The person with the power is the person with the watering hole, right? You can live pretty happy as long as you have money to pay that guy for your water, right? It's warm. It's dry It's nice. You can sleep anywhere you want but as soon as that guy decides not to give you water you have a problem and what you have as well Is a dependency you're suddenly dependent on somebody else this is an example of open source it shows Collaboration I mean just imagine if it was if all trees here were the same type That would have been a monoculture. It wouldn't have been a lot of freedom there. It would have been all the same But what happens here is actually all of these trees are collaborating all of them are actually Working together to create a world where everyone can exist. It's a type of interdependence It's not a freedom where everyone just does whatever they want, but they're actually dependent upon each other and You know, everyone has Access but everyone also has a responsibility and if you want to do something here You actually have to step up and do it. You can't wait for somebody else to do it for you And in that way you cannot survive without collaboration Here's another picture of sand you've been to the beach, right?  It just runs between your fingers and It's gone That's how hard it is to deal with sand What do we do if we have a desert and we want to stop it? Any ideas Well Yes, exactly. We plant trees and what happens is that we actually add life We add organic matter between the sand and that holds the sand together Life is an example of community community taking action community Bringing in something that helps us deal with the sand Government actually can play a role in this an active role in getting rid of the desert and creating more life around us and Including community building Jam is going to talk about open source in government now right so Governments Instead of just sending their money to wherever outside of their country Have some really interesting other choices. Um, let's talk about infrastructure first if I'm Government and I have a hundred money to spend on Improving the life of my citizens, right? I think that should be government's fundamental mission Um, I can make some choices. I can decide that Building a bridge across the river at a certain point will allow More tinder dates combining people from either side of the river more deliveries across that bridge and and it'll increase commerce and My population will have better lives because I've spent a hundred money on a bridge. This works. This is a reasonable idea We don't know until we've built the bridge, right and when the money's spent it's spent and we're done a lot of Governments will choose to invest in education or medical care To make the lives of their citizens better I might also choose to invest in vaccinations in another country if I think that improving that country's Situation will help my country and this is a very common international aid Scheme it creates dependencies, right?  Um, it's Not my way, but it is a way to spend a hundred money to change something Depends on what you think about it. Um, if you spend a hundred money on open source digital infrastructure, um you have this really crazy set of knock-on effects like Every time somebody uses the solution that I built an open-sourced it becomes more valuable, right? If I spent a hundred money on it and a hundred Governments are using it the return on investment is huge and it can be governments all around the world who are using it You look can't actually decide To stop it because it's open source, right, right, so I think this is a I think this is an important and under under understood Choice um some governments get this really right some less so there are a lot of open source has gone under the bridge Yeah, 15 minute. Thank you So there's a beautiful wonderful. I love this example. This is the UK I CT supplier map before the UK digital transformation. What is this 10 15 years ago?  This was the ICT suppliers map and then Some really really brilliant people let some other brilliant people Help and you can check me on the details because it's been a while, but they changed the government IT Procurement processes in several ways and one of them was that they They said that for projects under a hundred Million pounds I think That that there was a BM they would let smaller suppliers register to do to do projects They also said that Given one-to-one feature parity preference would be given to open source solutions Right and they created g-cloud so the mechanisms easily did a few things but they said if there's equal functionality look at the open source solution as well and They did they did a pilot project in a few places trying out these modalities It went very very very well. And so the UK IT supplier map With enabling SMEs like ours and and open source using open source projects the UK supplier map turned into that We don't want that right just And it's amazing because all of the tax money, you know in all of these places Was stayed in in this economy, right? And gave people jobs and gave people opportunities and gave people educational opportunities and bizarrely and As a side note at least five projects went to the European Union. Don't know how that happened But but this is a but this is a great example of of of the Incredible power of oh, I also have too many clicks here Incredible power of open source solutions, right? And and this this this goes on to probably our biggest ideas It was a dark and stormy night When the telephone rang That's hypo three headquarters. We have these kind of old telephones. It's embarrassing, but yes the phone rang we picked up the phone and It was the government of Rwanda and They said dear type of three we had 250 type of three installations Can you help us upgrade them? And we were like Yeah, sure that that's kind of not what the type of three association does but Maybe we should find an agency that we could just give it over to they can go to round Rwanda and they can get rich, right? That's the way things usually work like and You know companies they establish a business in a developing country They earn money and they export all of the money, right? They come with a closed solution. They give them what vendor lock-in, which is a great feature They create financial dependence between that country and the outside, right? That is colonialist and it's exploitative the kind of stuff that it businesses like right well The type of three association chose differently We chose instead to Use our community To create independent local business and expertise that means we talk to our member agencies and they Donated people's time. We paid their travel. They went to Rwanda. They Brought their expertise into existing agencies in Rwanda that could serve their government Their government could pay their local agencies for the job There is a report about it. I also have it in paper version because we're not all online But it was a really amazing project click and this is how it looked People got to learn about open source This is how it looks now They have they're closing in on 300 websites for everything from local government to the president's office built on Four type of three instances That are managed from Rwanda with expertise within Rwanda Money that is paid within Rwanda paid taxes within Rwanda and You know If we were to put this in a newspaper headline, it would look something like this Basically a democratic and not-for-profit open source project You know name any Support sustainable independent local business Right, you can't do that if you're for-profit business doing a close source thing, right Australia Compare and contrast exactly the Australian government is saying no to building Independent democratic structures around public goods saying no to an open source CMS is saying no to local businesses I mean he would do that, you know that that that that what happens is They're actually saying no to building their own country saying no to Democracy saying no to money some civil society organizations got the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022 and part of the citation Was any civil society organization is a training ground for Democracy right and then another quote talking about the specific laureates and this the citation closes together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and Democracy right do you want to be a member of an organization that promotes democracy and peaceful coexistence Become a member of the Drupal Association today. Yes, and the type of three association. Yeah So we so very very briefly Sharon friend of mine awesome runs gov CMS Before gov CMS in Canberra alone there were 350 different CMS is running They they Built a community and a market for their local vendors people are sharing code. They created a government distribution which Anti-government activists also used to protest against the Australian government This is a model of success right when you're empowering your critics to communicate well, too. That's a democracy, right? That's awesome It's not just sad There's not just one person right who can have access to it and this has been running for I'm not even sure at this point 10 or 15 years they estimate that they're saving the government a hundred million dollars a year and They've got you know, they've created this or or I don't know the Australian Drupal community is really vibrant and really awesome And I think it must be in part due to the fact that there's a ton of this going on And it's under people talking about it and a ton of great jobs to be had so Locally led non exploitative and anti-colonial that is what we do, but more importantly what is What how do we calculate? success how do we what's our success indicator in a Civil society organization like the type of three Association or the Drupal Association or any other Foss community well it is Community the growth of our community the participation in our community is How we measure our success the more people who contribute the more countries who have code that they bring into our system the better our system becomes and We can even go between systems and say that well they did something great in Drupal We can use that in type of three as well Wordpress did Gutenberg some people are doing Gutenberg for Drupal as well. That is how open source works. It's really really really great and it's called community So what happens next? I got angry he got inspired We really think all of this information needs to go out in the world and the stories that we've just been telling you We have to remember the responsibility part around our freedoms and Basically the values of open source We know because we have to care for our project. We have to be responsible around our project Just as we have to be responsible citizens the values of open source are the values of a healthy Society if we can't live peacefully together in our community Can we do it in a country? so Democratic values today they are under attack but I Will say that open source strengthens civil society our ability To work together everywhere That is really the strength of open source beyond just the code. We are saving the world We're cross-border international communities of practice Incredibly diverse and Though we should have known better. We haven't always been great at cooperating with each other between projects That is getting better and better Matias is directly part of the inter CMS working group To which I have been a peripheral participant Drupal typo 3 Jumla and wordpress Got together to write an open letter to the European Union about some of the new software laws that look disastrous that will kill open source and it looks like they're actually listening to us and That we might get a seminar and some time to talk with legislature legislators Coming yeah, it's still a question if they're actually listening to us But this is actually coming back to the thing about talking about open source. What does your politicians? Know about open source probably very very very little and their small ad We're going to be running a single track Conference at Fozdem just an hour from here Next February talking about all this stuff all day. So please come up to Fozdem. So at least we hope so we've submitted it But it's yeah, it's now you're suddenly positive and I'm negative. This is very weird So look to wrap up here Foss is special and important and different and we remember we need to remember to tell others and evangelize about this And that if this is a set of pragmatic choices whether you want a local economy or a business with a better economic model It's a pretty it's it's a pretty reasonable thing to look at open source software Wherever it makes sense We should get the Nobel Peace Prize Telling others about how Foss works helps us sell more projects and win new developers and Maybe create some more peace in the world certainly develop local economies and opportunities and lesson exploitation in the world, so Please tell your friends. Please tell your colleagues. Please tell the stories that need to be told Matias and I are also launching a podcast store podcast series To capture all of these anecdotes and stories and talk about them and write about them so that we will all have resources and Hopefully not forget these stories and it'll make it easier to pass this on and you'll have to go back to your office in the city Because you'll have to listen for longer Right, they'll be longer than two and a half minutes now that the pandemic's over. So thank you so much for coming For coming and listening to us. I think we made it just under the wire All right Ricardo has a question. Yeah, this is actually the question microphone. So this is the answer So Okay, you know me I'm all for this Always we even this year in Portugal We organized our Drupal event inside of the free software festival, let's say So but I didn't see in the slides, maybe I missed it we talking about the free software Foundation in Europe right because they have lawyers right and they can be a very interesting at least Ally that you can use and Contribute to back right What is you know, what is the converse did we try to do that that work not You have another one Yeah Because you know these freedoms come from the free software sure. Yes, absolutely back in the 80s Absolutely, and I think There are many ways that we can collaborate with with other Organizations, there are a lot of organizations out there who promote Open source the situation right now in the European Union is a little bit difficult And there are lots of organizations Also open for in Europe, for example are working to try to turn the EU around Regarding the the CRI but what we're seeing is there's a lot of legislation coming up both in Europe and in the US and in the rest of the world and It's characterized very often by a lack of knowledge often what Politicians seem to think is that open source is a charade. It's actually rich multi-billion dollar businesses standing behind it and Let's control them Yeah, and there are there are deep deep difficulties in explaining what is business and what is not business to someone who won't acknowledge That we just give our best ideas to each other. Yeah, so community and collaboration are important But then between the CMS's I think Why we should collaborate well firstly Drew Paul Joomla type of three and WordPress represent more than half of all websites online today Which is a good number to to give out but In the CMS world, we also represent more than just developers. We Represent businesses. We represent project managers. We represent writers We were a lot of different people and that is a strength that we can use in getting the message out and and um, I I feel that Some of what's important is slipping through the cracks the Linux foundation is the Linux foundation the Apache foundation does really good work like giving a home to The deepest geekiest most valuable weird projects, right the electronic frontier foundation does a great Does great work on the freedom of speech side the free software foundation, you know, there's all good work in there we don't have a unified brand and Some concept of talking points or marketing or promoting Look, I don't know. I don't know how many people Apple employees 50,000 500,000. I don't know right, but these big corporations However big they are I Think there are more of us creating and maintaining open-source software, right? So it's not it's not our little two-person shop building websites or something, right? We have 20 years of development behind us in Drupal 25 in in in in typo 3 We're massive. We're underpinning the entire internet and people don't really know that and they think that you're just some how could we trust you? You're not a 50,000 person company, but we don't have that Image or that marketing or that unified, you know, there's something that's not there yet and we are you know Volunteer organizations with relatively limited money. That's why you should become a member of the Drupal Association type of three is this, you know Help fund this work But also one of the reasons why we're collaborating is that we've seen that it doesn't really work there to come and say hi I've got type of three or I've got Drupal We're better than that proprietary system the proprietary system like what happened in Australia can come and say well We do DXP or at least we can write DXP in a month and you can get it, you know They have millions for marketing. They can use that budget to fight open source so the choice that we're encouraging people to promote is Choose open source first Over proprietary there are lots of benefits with open source Then you can look at solutions. What fits your business best? What can solve your solutions? Where's the expertise those kind of things? First right and then in different countries Some systems are more dominant than others Do you need a local service board all those kind of questions can be secondary to the fundamental in in our case the fundamental quality of PHP and the mainline CMS is right and we're not a desert We can look at each other's code. We can be inspired We can share Good question though if you Follow us Well, okay, if you go Fundamentally fundamentally, it's it's it's going to come out under under the open strategy partners umbrella, so Follow us somehow X is such a cesspit right now and it feels gross to open it. I know but Nobody's given me a loose guy invitation. I need to open up a message on the count Threads isn't available in Europe. I mean, oh Follow me on follow us on LinkedIn for that's gonna do it. Yep. Yeah Okay, yeah, great and Yeah, and for open source utopia that's already online so you can search for it and your favorite podcasting platform Let's talk


I am representing the VNIT Nakhur sorry I could not prepare a PPT I will just show all that. So, we will start with the syllabus. Third semester CSE. We do not have any programming in first year it is started now onwards for the next session but right now we have a pattern like this in the second year we are introducing the subjects of programming to the various branches. For CSE we have this one third CSE introduction to the programming. In continuation with that we have an introduction to the object oriented methodology for the CSE students then for electronic students we have this programming in C and C plus that is again introduced on second year level. Then we have a computer programming for metallurgy and all the other branches. So, you have actually three different flavors of programming one for metallurgy mechanical engineer and lesser mortals of the world. Then the next higher level of human beings whom you recognize as electronics you give them programming in C and C plus plus. And to the brahmins of the institution you give introduction to programming and introduction to object oriented programming. Is that acceptable to the general because everywhere else we have seen that there were common course for all branches of engineering. We are the building block for the student logical level. But that is CSE students. I am talking about the other branch students. They are having just a flavor of programming in terms of C. But there is no common course of programming to all students. But from July onwards that is the new introduction to the syllabus. It is there for all the branches. Okay. That is the first semester course. But at the first year we are introducing a C. But CSE students they are learning C language in the first year but in the second year they are learning the past. No, no. Forget CSE students. We are not looking at CSE students at all. We are looking at engineering students of all branches. Which also includes CSE. So therefore what our interest would be the first course that you are planning to do from July. Now, which particular subject of this overlaps on that course? Do you have any? Yes, sir. Actually what happened the third grade metallurgy is there. Then the third grade ETRX and ETC they are having a what? C and C++. So you have come. C++ is not there. That's okay. C++. So the first year course now that is planned is C programming course. But it is the first course in programming. Can we assume therefore that it will run similar to your introduction to programming in CSE? Yes, sir. Okay, okay. So it is 3028. That means... Sir, it's about C and that to follow for all each and every branch. The introduction to do a programming is the name of a subject and the second year level for CSE students. The credits are like this. The three are there for a theory. Then zero, there is no practical as per the request of tutorial. As per the request of the students we can have that. Then we have a practical of two hours per week and the total credits awarded are eight there. Now again for theory we have a three hours per week. For practical we have a two hours per week. Each student is having that much. That means total of five for programming and awarded credits are eight. Like this the same thing has happened for object oriented methodology but here we are introducing one tutorial. In fact we should not discuss those other courses because what we are talking about is just the first course in programming. So let's stick to that introduction to programming. I believe that is the course with which you are dealing with in your further details right now. So we have a theory of hundred months and practical is of fifty months. Then again what happened in a total semester the period of that particular semester we are getting forty to forty two lectures. Why because the duration is it is approximately four months. Then the grading for theories like that it is completed fifteen plus fifteen for the first session next fifteen for the second session ten half is the four class stage and it is different upon that subject teacher I will get for a ten month. It may have about class discussion of our students and teacher how they will convert a ten month. We can have a multiple objective question then open book stage. Again for first session and second session the option is open for a teacher. We can take we can conduct a test just as a normal or we can have open test like that. Sixty months are awarded for the end semester examination. So together we have a scheme of hundred for a theory. Then attendance is having the grading scheme no marking at all. So h is there for the higher then nine eight and w is there for less than seventy five percent attendance. Then for practical we have a continuous evaluation. Again in our computer lab we have a twenty to twenty two computer and there is a batch of fifteen students again the assignments are given and what happened in our practical one we have that subject teacher and it is supported with two teaching assistants which are basically m tech students. And at the time of evaluation whatever with the deadline is there for submission we take a Y-Y usually and that will be a continuous assessment. So whatever with the marks are awarded that is finally converted out of fifty range. Sir actually this is the syllabus for CSA students. Rooms and references are there and it is totally to the hands of teacher what as a book. Then this is the subject for the course semester. We are introducing here a seamless list and somewhat to the Java extent the practicals are taken in the course. You use staff stroke is it? Yes. Just go down to this introduction to programming course so you do actually start with the basic internal architecture of computer with ALU and memory and so on. And we have this programming with her Pascal in a course semester we have concept in programming language. So this you use Pascal is it? Yes. We have a concept in programming language. That is a programming language course. Concept. I know but I am talking about programming not programming language. Here you use Pascal as a mechanism. As a mechanism. And you are anyway covering the basic data structures so types and arrays and some algorithms sorting searching. This is more to the ground level. The programming is there and where you have to work yet you just convert the logic of your Pascal to a C and C++. That is a lab or that is a separate course? It is a parallel course. Numerical programming and all that. Along with the introduction to programming. Yes. But now in the new syllabus everybody will be doing introduction to programming in first year. In the only sir. They will be doing C programming but they will essentially be doing exactly the same thing. Arrays and... 80% the same. The concepts that they will be learning. See programming language according to me as I said and according to most of us here is completely irrelevant. In fact we do not have mention of C or C++ or this ordinarily or as I said oracle or whatever. So the course name here is like introduction to programming is called programming and utilization. Computer programming utilization. So basically you will be teaching them some simple data structures, data types, control structures and the programming language chosen to explain this will be C. I think this is an important point that we should all start making in our course. By nomenclature in practically most places the course is known as C course or C++ course or Pascal course or Koval course or something. It is detrimental to the notion of learning and teaching programming. And that is acknowledged universally except in India. So we have to actually force this philosophy of nomenclature amongst ourselves and also amongst our students. What we are teaching is programming. It so happens that we are teaching programming using C or Pascal. It doesn't matter here. So when you said they have to convert the logic from Pascal to C that problem is treated as a trivial problem. In fact I need not have a course in C. What is our expectation you know at the end of the first course? Suppose earlier we used to teach procedural programming use FORTRAN. It didn't matter what we use. We said that once you know procedural programming concepts then no matter which new programming language is required to be learned within seven days and seven nights you should be able to write good programs in that language. That should be the logic. For our students you just learn the methodology of any programming language. But here you are still using Pascal. That is out of fashion at most places. That is the fundamental block because the students who are out of this C they are the founder for the new languages. They are not a user. I think so. They should know the ground reality. The ground reality is not necessarily Pascal. That way procedural programming FORTRAN updates Pascal by several decades. Not several decades at least one decade. At least eight years. Pascal is a benchmark. Pascal is a benchmark. FORTRAN is far away but Pascal is... You can see your hit a nest of bees by raising this issue because ten people here would have ten different opinions. In IIT Bombay the only person who would love you for saying this is Professor Rajeev Diwar. One of the best algorithms expert and one of the best theory guys in the country and probably in the world and who still writes programs in Pascal. The point is if you have a competition with him writing programs in C he can beat you most easily in C. He can do that in any other programming language and that is the strength. So actually programming language we should not even consider as relevant unless the programming language is so bad that it cannot initiate and obviously bring out the basic concepts of programming. Your answer to my FORTRAN thing should have been that FORTRAN might have come before Pascal but it is simply not well structured in the original form. However FORTRAN 90 if you see is as good as Pascal in control structures as good as this thing in... Do you know that the country's first railway reservation system on deck machines was written in FORTRAN? Not you and me but our elder relatives did their railway booking using a FORTRAN system because they decided to buy a PDP 1170s or something and they found out that the cobalt compiler runs slower than FORTRAN compiler on those machines, on the deck machines and they found that the FORTRAN machines permitted use of index and relative files. So the deck FORTRAN had these features and they decided to use FORTRAN to implement the first class business application. So that is why I am just going to say that language is important but it is not the most important. Anyway, so this... Actually I approach of our department is like that we want to create something. Other people are learning a language they are from also BA, BICOM and all that background but if we are from a technology and that is based to a computer science then you must be a creator of a new language you thought like that. So I would like to comment. Anyway, I think we will postpone this discussion for the pedagogy thing because what she is saying is all relevant there. Do you have a question paper sample by any chance? So no marks are given it is totally in the hands of teachers. No, no, but students must know now how many marks are given. They don't know. They know the practice of teacher how they are teaching in a classroom and how he evaluates the thing. That is not compulsory to give the marks. Agreed, but should I not know? It is like changing the goal post after I have made a goal. So you are saying that you made a goal there but the goal post is here. They are known. The goal patterns are there so there is no problem at all. That's okay, that hardly matters. But you see this is the kind of pattern by the way which is followed in IIT is in IS. So straight away and you can see now that each question is actually initiating some programming concept behind it also and you definitely don't repeat questions right or you do? No sir, we are not repeating the previous but then you might be repeating it by mistake. But every time sir we are not repeating any such problem. Okay, okay, good. Which one is this? This is 8, I want to know. You do have a sort of theory question there where you are explaining how sparse matrix would be handled. Okay. You see you have further this thing this by the way is very interesting consider the following Pascal life program. So no claim is made that the program is exactly correct as per Pascal syntax. But you see how important programming concepts come out. So that is why I say that language is not it is important, it is not the most important part. Anyway, but here some teacher has decided to give marks which I like. Okay. So marks are there for for external in our department we already know that what should be there. Students are also known. I don't have an introduction to the programming but it is the part and parcel of decision. So these kind of assignment we usually give and the submission dates. If you see that the submission dates are already there. Oh so these are actually dates given when you when you allocate the assignment and they actually have to write the programs during their lab or whatever. Sir they are free. According to the given assignment they are. So what do they submit? They submit the program listing and some documentation. They either submit the program or whatever with the nature of that particular assignment according to that. We usually take a Viva. Oh hash table in the first programming course no it is fifth semester. No it is. I don't have that assignment. No no that's okay that's okay. I read that. You can put it up there. You have Linux and Fedora on your desktop. And what servers do you use at the back end? For programming we don't need like that. So for example if you want to give a programming assignment to the lab it will have to be loaded on each individual machine if you don't have a common server. No so what is that setup I want to know. Do they use any Windows 2000 servers are there. But can they be used as file servers for example. And the number of teachers you mentioned How many students do you have? No but this 60 is for CSE. Consider the first year programming course which you will be teaching from July. So how many branches do you have? Five I think. Six. So about 400 people. And these 400 people how will you run the lab or that is being planned as you No first year course, computer programming course so each department will run the lab separately. Sir we are actually planning in that. Yeah but who will coordinate it then. So how many teachers will be teaching this course. Four teachers to 400 students means 50-50 you will make 8 batches or something and each teacher will teach 2 batches. And you will have A, B, M, T, students as TAs for the lab work but the same teachers will not necessarily conduct the lab is it. But who decides the lab assignments and things like that. So about four teachers. Thank you.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Ayesakarmi. The news articles along with the page numbers are displayed here for your reference. The PDF link of the handwritten notes on the timestamping of the news articles is given in the description box as well as in the comment section. Now let us start our today's news analysis. This article talks about the concerns expressed by the officials of the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust regarding the delay in the construction of the western dedicated freight corridor and the possibility of connecting the corridor to the private Munra Port which will adversely affect the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust growth prospects. So in this context, today we will be seeing about the major ports in India, then about the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust and then western and eastern corridors and finally about the highlights of the news article. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. The Indian coastline is about 7500 kilometers and various natural and artificial seaports are located along the coastline. Ports in India are classified as major ports and minor ports based on the carrying capacity. See at present there are 13 major ports and more than 200 non-major or intermediate ports in our country. The major seaports are owned and managed by the central government and other ports are owned and managed by the state governments. You should know that the Enore Port which is also known as the Kamraj Port is resisted as a company under the Companies Act of 1956 and the rest of the ports are run as the trust. In this context, you should know that the major ports are listed in the union list of the Indian Constitution and the major ports are administered as per the pros and cons of the Indian ports Act of 1908 and major port trust Act of 1963. And if you see Mumbai seaport, then Marmugova seaport in the state of Goa, then Vishakhapatnam seaport in the state of Andhra Pradesh are some of the India's major natural seaports. Whereas the Kandala seaport in the state of Gujarat, then Jawaharlal Nehru seaport which is also known as Navasheva seaport in Mumbai, then Chennai seaport and Enore seaport in the state of Tamil Nadu are some of the India's major artificial seaports and these ports are administered by the respective port trust which are functioning as autonomous bodies. Now we will see Jawaharlal Nehru seaport which is managed by Jawaharlal Nehru port trust that is JNPT. See JNPT is the most modern seaport and also one of the biggest container handling seaports in our country. It has been developed in Navi, Mumbai to ease the traffic handling pressure on Mumbai seaport. Before we can call this JNPT as the satellite seaport of Mumbai seaport. Now we will see about dedicated freight corridors. These dedicated freight corridors are railway corridors which are under the construction by the Indian Railways to enable the smooth transport of cargo. As per the plan there are two corridors to be constructed in our country. One is known as the western freight corridor and the other is the eastern freight corridor. The western dedicated freight corridor will be from Jawaharlal Nehru port trust in Mumbai to Tughlaqabad and Dadri near Delhi. The length of this western dedicated freight corridor is about 1534 kilometers. This will pass through the states of Maharashtra, then Gujarat, then Rajasthan, then Haryana and then the national capital territory of Delhi. This corridor would cater largely to the container transport requirements between the existing and emerging ports in Maharashtra, Gujarat and the Northern Interland, whereas the eastern dedicated freight corridor will be from Ludhiana in the state of Punjab to Dhankuni near Kolkata. The length of eastern dedicated freight corridor will be about 1839 kilometers. The eastern dedicated freight corridor will pass through the states of Punjab, then Haryana, then Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. The eastern dedicated freight corridor would largely serve coal and steel traffic. See, the entire project is being implemented by the dedicated freight corridor Corporation of India Limited, which is a special purpose vehicle created in 2006 by the Ministry of Railways. Now, if you look at the western dedicated freight corridor, which will be connecting Jawaharlal Nehru port trust with Dadri, which is located on the outskirts of the national capital, also connects ports such as Karnala Port, Mundra Port in the state of Gujarat with the Interland. Now if you look at the news article, it says that the western dedicated freight corridor, which is supposed to be completed by now, is still under construction. Therefore, pointing to the delay, the state-run JNPT has asked the central government to expedite the entire project, and it also asked the central government to ensure that JNPT would get its priority in securing connectivity to the dedicated rail line rather than Pravedran Mundra Port. The JNPT officials said that the western corridor is originally meant from Dadri to JNPT. But while laying connectivity, if Gujarat's Mundra Port comes first before Maharashtra JNPT, then the cargo from the Interland would prefer to move to the Pravedra Port. Therefore, it would adversely affect the business of JNPT. So to conclude this news article, we have discussed about the various concerns expressed by the officials of the JNPT regarding the delay in the construction of the western dedicated freight corridor and the possibility of connecting the corridor to the Pravedran Mundra Port. Now let us proceed to the next news article analysis. This editorial discussion is about the recent political happenings in South Sudan. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. In this contest, we are going to start with the geography of South Sudan, then the history of South Sudan, and then the present political happenings in this country. As you can see in this map, that South Sudan is a landlocked country, which is sharing border with Sudan, then Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, then Democratic Republic of Congo, and then Central African Republic. South Sudan has an equatorial climate with adequate humidity and rainfall, and the river Nile flows across South Sudan. Know that South Sudan has one of the world's largest spams, which is named as SUD. It is rich in mineral resources, especially petroleum reserves, and the major ethnic groups include Dinka, Neur, Luo, then Jande, etc. Then if you look at the history of South Sudan, which was under joint British-Egyptian rule from 1899 to 1955. After that, there were two civil wars that happened between 1962 to 1972, and then from 1983 to 2005. As a result of these two civil wars, a comprehensive peace agreement was signed between Sudan and Sudan Pupils Liberation Movement in 2005. And this has led to autonomy for South Sudan. Subsequently, a referendum on independence was conducted, and finally, South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in the month of July in 2011. The Republic of South Sudan is now a member of United Nations and also the member of African Union. You should know that the second civil war, which was happened in Sudan, mainly due to the rich petroleum reserves in South Sudan. Therefore, sharing of rich petroleum reserves in South Sudan is still a bone-off contention even after the independence of South Sudan. As a result of this, again, a civil war broke out in the year 2013. This time, the war was a result of conflict between the government and the opposition forces. In this context, the South Sudan president, Salwa Kir Maidit, accused the former vice-president of South Sudan, Reich Marker of attempting a coup. You should also know that the president of South Sudan belongs to the Dinkar tribe, whereas the former vice-president belongs to a new tribe. And these two tribes are rival ethnic groups in South Sudan. Therefore, the political fight quickly became an ethnic conflict, which further resulted in civil war. And many people were killed and were internally displaced or fled to neighboring countries. Therefore, owing to national and international pressure, a revitalized peace agreement was signed between the government and the opposition parties in the month of September 2018. Therefore, as a part of the deal, Maadshar will again become the vice-president of South Sudan. In this context, let us see this editorial now, that the author of this editorial tells that this 2018 implementation deal has been very slow. And one of the important agreements was formation of a unity government comprising of all political parties, but it was deferred twice over the differences regarding the demarcation of regional boundaries. Therefore, in order to preserve the South Sudanese government, to bring the civil war to the end, United States of America and United Nations declared embargo on arms sale to South Sudan. However, the vested interest in the region has blatantly violated the embargo. In addition to this, the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan has reported that there were evidences on incidents of sexual violence against women and also the cases of abduction of children. It has reported that over a million people have been internally displaced. And this has also led Maadshar migration to the neighboring country of DR Congo from the equatorial region of South Sudan. So we can see that the humanitarian conditions are really worse in South Sudan and majority of the people are suffering from hunger and malnutrition. Therefore, in order to deal these issues effectively, it is important that free and fair democratic elections should be connected as early as possible. Then the stability of South Sudan is also important for its neighboring countries which are suffering from refugee crisis. So these are the important points that you need to know from this editorial. Now let us see India's bilateral relations with South Sudan. India was one of the first countries to recognize the independent South Sudan. India established its consular relations with South Sudan in 2007. India also invested in South Sudan's petroleum resource. However, India's trade with South Sudan is very negligible. And the main items of Indian imports from South Sudan are oil and timber. Apart from this, India is also involved in development assistance initiatives with South Sudan. In addition, India has provided defence personnel for the EN Peacekeeping Mission which is known as EN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan. To conclude this news article, we saw the geography of South Sudan, then about how South Sudan gained independence. Then we saw about the 2013 civil war and the issues surrounding the civil war which is mentioned in this editorial. And finally we saw the bilateral relations between India and South Sudan. Have a look at the practice question which will be discussed at the end of the session. Now let us move on to the next news article analysis. This news article is related to a sea base H in an NGO and its related offices in the state of Tamil Nadu for the alleged violation of foreign contribution Regulation Act of 2010. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act of 2010 was enacted by the parliament to consolidate the laws to regulate the acceptance and utilization of foreign contribution or foreign hospitality by certain individuals or associations or companies. It also aims to prohibit acceptance and utilization of foreign contribution or hospitality for any activities that are detrimental to the national interest. We should know that this act also applies to citizens of India who reside outside India and also the subsidiaries of Indian companies outside India. Now let us understand what exactly a foreign contribution is. See a foreign contribution is a donation or transfer of any article or currency or foreign security by any foreign source or by any person who has received it from any foreign source. The interest accrued on the foreign contribution deposited in any bank or any such other income derived from the foreign contribution or interest on it is also considered as foreign contribution. Now we will see who can receive foreign contribution that is any person. The person means any individual or association or company. It means that any person can receive foreign contribution subject to some conditions or restrictions. These restrictions include the person must have a definite cultural or economic or educational or religious or social programs. Then the person must obtain the FCRA registration or prior permission from the central government. Then additionally the person must not be prohibited under section 3 of FCRA 2010. This section 3 of FCRA 2010 prohibits certain categories from getting foreign contribution and these categories are the candidates who are contesting for the elections or for the judges or for the government servants or members of any legislature or owners of a registered newspaper. So it is clear that any individual or company who wants to receive any foreign contribution must obtain the FCRA registration or prior permission from the central government otherwise they are ineligible to receive foreign contribution. You should know that using foreign contribution to fund organizations or NGOs that are not registered under FCRA is considered as the violation of the Act. Now in order to give prior permission the center can consider several conditions. For example the person making application shall not be a binomi or shall not be prosecuted or convicted for activities involving religious conversions and also the person shall not be prosecuted or convicted for creating communal disharmony or misutilization of funds. Kindly know that the central government can also reject permission if the foreign contribution to the person is likely to affect the sovereignty and integrity of India or security or strategic or scientific or economic interest of the state. Then the public interest or the fairness of election to any legislature. And another ground can be the impact on friendly relations with foreign countries or if it affects harmony between religious or racial or social or linguistic, regional groups or communities. So we can say that these are certain conditions or certain grounds where the central government can reject permission for receiving the foreign contribution. And today's news article is also based on the mentioned grounds. If you look at the news article it says that the ES-based NGO that is Compassion International has been funded few NGOs in the state of Tamil Nadu and part of this fund has been used for religious activities such as conversion of poor children into Christianity. The article also says that these NGOs diverted about 90% of the foreign contributions for undeclared purposes even the funds have been diverted to certain organizations that are not registered under FCRA. See we have already discussed that these activities comes under the violation of FCRA provisions such as affecting religious harmony or misutilization of the funds or funding organizations which are not registered under FCRA. Note that the central bureau of investigation or such other investigating agency of the state governments are the designated agencies for investigating and prosecuting a person for the violation of FCRA. This is why the news article says that CBA has conducted searches in the premises of these NGOs. To conclude this news article we have discussed the important provisions of Foreign Contribution Regulation Act of 2010. Now let us proceed to the next news article analysis. This news article is related to the issue of the recent transfer of a Delhi High Court judge. President of India has ordered the transfer of Delhi High Court judge Justice S. Merlitha recently. And this has happened at a time when the judge had criticized the Delhi police for inadequately handling the violence in Delhi. In this contest we will discuss the procedure involved in transferring a high court judge. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. We know that every high court consists of a chief justice and a number of judges. The judges of a high court are appointed by the president of India and the chief justice of high court is appointed by the president after consultation with the chief justice of India and the governor of the state council. And then for appointing other judges the chief justice of the council high court is also consulted. Then in case of a common high court for two or more states the governors of all the states concerned are also consulted. We know that the chief justice of India should consult a collision of two senior most judges of the Supreme Court. Now let us discuss the qualifications of a high court judge that is he should be a citizen of India then he should have held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least 10 years or he should have been an advocate of a high court or high courts in succession for at least 10 years. So we can say that these are certain qualifications that are required for judge of a high court. Now let us discuss the tenure of high court judges that he holds office until he attends the age of 62 years and he can resign by writing to the president of India. Know that he can also be removed from his office by the president on the recommendations of the parliament. Now we will see the removal of a high court judge that the judge of a high court can be removed from his office by an order of the president which requires an address by the parliament for such removal and the grounds of removal are proved misbehavior or incapacity. So we can say that proved misbehavior or incapacity can be the grounds for the removal of a high court judge. Now let us discuss in detail about the removal procedure. First and foremost is a removal motion has to be signed at least 100 members from Lok Sabha or 50 members from Raj Sabha and then this motion can be submitted to the speaker or chairman. Then he may admit or refuse the motion and if the motion is admitted then the speaker or chairman is to constitute a three member committee to investigate into the charges and this committee should consist of the Chief Justice of India or a judge of the Supreme Court and then a Chief Justice of a high court and a distinguished jurist. Then if the committee finds that the judge to be guilty then the house can take up the consideration of the motion. Then the motion shall be passed by each house or parliament by special majority. That means the majority of the total membership of that house and majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting. Then after an address is presented to the president for removal of the judge. Then finally the president passes an order removing the judge. This is the procedure of removal of a high court judge. Now let us discuss the transfer of high court judges. That the president can transfer a high court judge after consulting the Chief Justice of India. See in 1977 the Supreme Court ruled that the transfer of high court judges could be exceptional measure only on the grounds of public interest but not by way of punishment. And in 1994 the Supreme Court held that judicial review is necessary to check arbitrariness in transfer of judges. But only the judge who is transferred can challenge the transfer order. And finally the Supreme Court in 1998 said that the Chief Justice of India should consult the Collegium of Four Senior Most Judges of the Supreme Court and also the Chief Justices of the Two High Courts. Now if you look at the news article it mentions that the Supreme Court Collegium had recommended the transfer of three judges including Justice S. Murlider on 12th February 2020. But the opposition parties alleged that the government rushed to issue the notification. Here whatever happened is as per the Constitution Provence and also as per the Supreme Court judgements. However, the notification which was issued by the President of India is questioned by some sections of the society because the same judge was hearing a case against the government. So to conclude this news article we have discussed in brief about the appointment of judges of the High Court, then the removal procedure and also the procedure involved in transferring the judges of a High Court. Now let us proceed to the next two news article analysis. This editorial talks about the recent research data which points to the biodiversity degradation of Eastern Guards. It says that due to the rise in seasonal temperature and diminished rainfall the diversity of plant species is reduced whereas the number of herbal species or increasing in the Eastern Guards. In this context we will be seeing how the climate change affects the biodiversity in the Eastern Guards and then the possible solutions to sustain the biodiversity of Eastern Guards. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. See we have already covered about the geographical spread of Eastern Guards and then various hill ranges in Eastern Guards and various ecological regions of Eastern Guards and then endemic tribes and species in this Eastern Guards region and also the threats and damages that are associated with Eastern Guards in our 26th February Hindu News Analysis video. So you can refer this video for your better understanding of this topic. In today's editorial we shall see how the climate change affects the biodiversity in the Eastern Guards. See the Eastern Guards mainly spread across five states of India that is the state of Odisha then Telangana then the state of Andhra Pradesh then Karnataka and also the state of Tamil Nadu. Eastern Guards are home to unique ecosystems and plays a major role in fostering biodiversity and also modulating climate in this region. The Eastern Guards also stores energy in trees and provide improved air quality, food and fuel including livelihood to millions of people who are inhabiting in this region. If you look at the types of forests of Eastern Guards you can see various types of forests like semi-evergreen then moist deciduous and also dry deciduous forest. Know that Eastern Guards are home to around 3000 flowering plant species and then around 400 bird species and many animal species including tigers and elephants. Though it has huge biodiversity the Eastern Guards remains one of the most exploited and degraded ecosystems of our country. If you look at the diversity of Eastern Guards that endemic species are found to be distributed in the core areas of the forest and the rare endangered and threatened species are distributed not only in the core areas but also in the periphery of the forest. Therefore the adequate rainfall and suitable temperature play a crucial role for the survival of varied plant and animal species and any disruption in this balance can put species at greater risk. See a recent study mentioned that the regional or local climate change has led to frequent prolonged non-rainy days. Also there is an increased number of days with maximum and minimum temperatures. Therefore the variations in temperature and rainfall led to the loss of soil moisture and also soil degradation. Therefore this change in temperature affects the biodiversity of this region and this seasonal dryness and less rainfall favours growth of herbal species. It also found that in the Eastern Guards the herbal species are dominating the tree species which indicates that how the climate change are changing the course of plant species diversity. In addition to this changing climate accelerates the spread of invasive species even into the core areas of the Eastern Guards. Now if you look at India's commitment as per the Paris Agreement, India aims to create an additional carbon sink or additional carbon stock of about 2.5 to 3 billion tons through enhanced forest and tree cover. But if you look at the ongoing implementation of protection policies of forest, it clearly indicates that it will be very difficult for India to achieve the committed targets as per the Paris Agreement on climate change. Now if you look at the Eastern Guards as per the some estimates that the Guards have already shrunk by about 16% over the last 100 years. Therefore to sustain the forest cover or the ecosystem of Eastern Guards, the forest protection policies must be properly implemented and the extraction of scarce mineral resources must be properly regulated. And the traditional practices of agriculture like shifting cultivation should be immediately prohibited in order to protect the natural forests of the Eastern Guards. Therefore these are the certain policies and regulations that are required for the effective conservation of the Eastern Guards ecosystem. With this we have come to the end of analysis of this news article. Now let's proceed to the next news article analysis. Now let's take up this question which is framed on the important key word that is MH60 or Elkofters which is mentioned in this news article. Therefore it should give importance to MH60 or Elkofters mainly for your plumes examination. See India and the United States of America signed a deal consisting of 2.2 years billion dollars for procuring MH60 or Elkofters. And these Elkofters can perform various roles like transporting, then heavy lifting and also can attack. Therefore these Elkofters are going to replace the Sea King Elkofters which were already decommissioned in the 1990s. Therefore these MH60 or Elkofters are supposed to operate from front line ships and also aircraft carriers. See these Elkofters are going to be procured under the bi-global category of Defense Procurement Procedure of 2016 policy of the Ministry of Defense. Under this category that is bi-global category these Elkofters are going to be delivered in ready made condition and there will be no participation from any domestic company. Now with this knowledge let's take up this question which is framed on MH60 or Elkofters. They have given 4 options and you have to choose correct option. They are saying that these Elkofters are multi-role Elkofters under the process of procurement for Indian Armed Forces. Then option B says these are manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited with a license from Lockhead Martin of United States of America. Then option C says these Elkofters are being procured under the bi- and make category of Defense Procurement Procedure of 2016 of the Ministry of Defense. Then option D says these will replace the HAL made through Elkofters which are recently decommissioned. So to answer this question we have already discussed that these Elkofters are multi-role Elkofters under the process of procurement for Indian Armed Forces from United States of America. Therefore for this question option A is the correct answer. So in this contest you should know about Defense Procurement Procedure of 2016. As per this Procedure there are 6 different categories and these categories include buy Indian ID, DM category, then buy Indian category, then buy and make Indian category, then buy and make category, then buy global category and finally make category. So the news article mentions that these Elkofters are going to be procured through bi-global option of Defense Procurement Procedure of 2016. This category refers to outright purchase of equipment from foreign vendors and government-to-government route may be adapted for equipment meeting strategic or long term requirements of Indian Armed Forces. This is all about from this news article. Now let us proceed to the next news article. Now let's take up this question and we have given this question mainly based on the important terms mentioned in this news article. See the news article mentions keywords such as Central Pollution Control Board, Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Dissolve Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand. So you should focus on these key terms mainly for your priline examination. The news article says CPCB and UPPCB are jointly monitoring about 24 drains in Unnau and Kanpur areas under the Namami Ganga program. These drains bring effluents of industries, slaughterhouses and also from civilian bodies into Ganga river. The article says that these drains with high color from chemical effluents or with high BOD and low dissolved oxygen are to be properly cleaned. In this context you should know that both CPCB and UPPCB are statutory bodies. The article also mentions that CPCB identified higher amount of chrome content in the waste water of the drains. This indicates that discharge of untreated chrome bearing waste from tanning units in Kanpur. Therefore CPCB ordered Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board to expedite over tanning units in this region. Now we will see about dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and also about chemical oxygen demand. See dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen which is present in the water. And DO of water is important for the survival of aquatic organisms. And the presence of organic and inorganic waste in water decreases the amount of dissolved oxygen because a high amount of waste increases amount of oxygen that is required for the decomposition of these waste materials. And normally the water pollution by organic waste is measured in terms of BOD levels. So BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen which is needed for bacteria in decomposing the organic matter. Now if you look at chemical oxygen demand which is considered as slightly better mode to measure pollution levels of water because COD is the amount of dissolved oxygen that is needed for oxidation of total organic matter and also of total waste which can be from natural as well as from anthropogenic sources. Now with this information let's take up this question that is they have given four statements in the context of pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Statement one says dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen present in the water. Then second statement says BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by the bacteria in decomposing the organic waste. Then third statement says high biological oxygen demand indicates the presence of more dissolved oxygen which indicates water bodies clean and healthy. And the fourth statement says COD that is the chemical oxygen demand is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed for oxidation of total matter. So for this question you have to choose correct answer using the course given here and out of the given four statements third statement is incorrect because biological oxygen demand is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by the bacteria in decomposing the organic waste. The requirement of high levels of BOD indicates that the water body is more polluted. So for this question option B, 1, 2, 4 only is the correct answer. Let's start our practice prelims question session. Today we are giving four practice prelims questions to test your understanding of the topics that we have discussed in our today's Hindu news analysis. The first question is based on ethnic groups sometimes seen in the news. Here they have given four page like Dinka, Tutsi, Rohingya, Kuts matching with the countries. So for this question you have to choose correctly matched page. Now let's take up this question. This question is with reference to foreign contribution regulation act of 2010 and they have given three statements and you have to choose correct statements. First statement says it is applicable to associate branches or subsidiaries outside India of Indian companies registered or incorporated in India. Then second statement says the act prohibits the columnist, cartoonist or editor of a registered newspaper from receiving foreign contribution. Then the third statement says the direct rate of revenue intelligence is the designated agency for investigating violations of the act. For this question you have to choose correct statements using the quotes given. Now let's take up the third question for your practice. Here three statements are given and you have to choose incorrect statement. First statement says a distinguished jurist in the opinion of president of India can be appointed as the judge of high court. Then second statement says if 100 members of the Lok Sabha introduces a removal motion then the speaker is bound to admit the motion. Then the third statement says a member of parliament can file a review petition in the Supreme Court to challenge the arbitrariness in transfer of the high court judge. So for this question you have to choose incorrect statements using the quotes given. Now let's take up the fourth and final practice problems question with reference to ports in India. Here three statements are given and you have to choose correct answer using the quotes given. Statement one says there are 13 major ports in India. Then the second statement says Jawaharlal Nehru seaport is the modern natural seaport situated in Mumbai. Then the third statement says major ports are under the union list of the Indian Constitution. So for this question you have to choose correct answer using the quotes given here. You can post your answers for these practice problems questions in the comment section of the video and you can self-evaluate the subject clarity by checking with the correct answers that will be available in the description and comment section of the video by tomorrow morning at 10 a.m. With this we have come to the end of analysis of today's India News analysis. If you like the video please do like, comment, share and subscribe Shankar Ayesh Akademi YouTube channel for more updates. Thank you.


hello everyone today we disassemble the engine and here is the engine in question for those who don't know this is the EJ25 the 2.5 flat 4 engine from the 06 STI which had excessive oil consumption and oil blow by found a good amount of oil in the intake manifold and inner cooler and also had low compression on all cylinders pretty much the lowest was 95 psi the highest was 120 which is no bueno here you can see I made a sterile area for all the engine parts I assure you I vacuumed it at least twice so whatever I take off first I'm gonna start putting it in order so so there's less confusion when I'm gonna be putting it back together always remember to take pictures before you take stuff off a little bit of play on the pilot bearing might as well just replay I may consider actually getting a lightweight slime wheel this is actually not that heavy but yeah we'll see this is clutch what is this mouse food difficult these bolts these bolts were coming off this one I did or this one one of these I did off-camera but it was equally difficult and I was successful with all but this one just by holding the the crankshaft pulley in place so the belt was actually holding the sprockets but this one actually gave me trouble and the sprocket was skipping on the belt so couldn't continue good thing I've noticed cuz at first I I thought it's actually the bolt is actually given in so I had to stop made some phone calls few hours went by and I got these tools actually borrowed these tools from a buddy of mine honestly thank you you know who you are here we go these are actually made by AMS this is for the exhaust sprocket or sprockets and this one is for the intake I don't need this one now but I'm gonna need it when I torque these down when I'm you know putting the engine back together so this goes there like that so we're gonna try and take this sucker out need another pipe this twisted a little bit if something's gonna give in it's gonna be this it's not actually it's slid inside here not good this sucks you give me no other choice what to do I could probably weld it well the tool to the bolt or maybe find a slightly bigger size and knock it in now if I were to weld it should I weld this one or this one which one's stronger if I weld this one and I do have to use this and this might snap if that's the case and I'm gonna be effed again if I will this one or this might snap and I'm gonna be effed again it's a 10 mil Allen this is 10 this is 10 that's the biggest that I've got I don't have an 11 or 10 and a half if it exists I got another 10 this one is actually this one says 10 mil Allen USA this one just says 10 mil which one you think is stronger so I filed this down to bare metal both ends also file the bolt on the outside okay plan B got a 36 mil nut here I believe this one is like a ball joint lower ball joint not for maybe a pickup truck or whatever doesn't matter clean the inside threads as best as I could and the outside here I plan to weld it obviously inside and come out and weld on the outside as well should I wait till it cools down on its own spray water on it so it hardens or go ahead and try loosening it now all these questions what to do what to do hmm maybe because I sprayed water on this tool it made it brittle and that's why it broke oh shit I thought I thought the weld started to come apart but it's the bolt yes yes you know it was the heat from the welding that got it loose and of course where's the socket so the 36 that you guys think I can reuse this let me know in the comments below tools tools tools


The Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, says it will next week make decisions on the court orders and motions regarding the defection of Governor Dave Umahi of Eboni and his deputy, Keleshi Igwi. The commission, in a statement signed by International Commissioner and Chairman, Information and Voter Education Committee, Festos Okoye, stated that, within the last three months, INEC had been joined in 71 new cases in various courts across the country, including those litigations on the defection of the elected officers in Eboni state. He also disclosed that INEC had been served with 10 separate court orders and motions on the defection of Umahi, Keleshi and 16 members of the State House of Assembly. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


on as I promised in the last episode, we were talking about contact relationships and you asked me, in fact, how does your phone know that Lisa is your wife? And I explained that I use a nickname to do this. And that's true. But it's not the entirety of the truth. I had, we also talked about that we thought there was there used to be some way of assigning someone as a relative of some sort. And there is thank you to everyone who wrote in about this. So there are two ways to do this. The first is simply by using Siri on your phone and saying, Hey, I don't like to say the Hey word and the Siri word right next to each other in case your voice is similar enough to mine that I trigger your phone. So you say Siri, so and so. So for me, I'd say Siri, Lisa is my wife or Lisa Hamilton is my wife. And then Siri would make that connection. And you can even like tell it, you know, is no longer, which I'm not going to say because I don't want to put that out into the world. I like having Lisa as my wife. But you know, you can use Siri to connect and disconnect people that way. There is another way of doing this or to just see what those those relationships are. And it is in your my contact card.  And if you scroll down, you should be able to see if you have any of these relationships defined. You can also edit your card and add those relationships all the way down. So I have, you know, spouse, brother, son, sister, father, mother, daughter, like those are all listed there. And I can add other contacts. And so it relates these contacts back to me. And then I could say, you know, Siri call my daughter and it would know who my daughter was based on this relation. Of course, you can edit them and change them there too, if if you desire


There are many baffling anomalous artist depictions that litter the megaliths, all over the rainforests which now submerge the super-civilization, or mega-metropolis, which was once known as the Mayans. Pekal's tomb and the strange rocket designs we have shared before, location now unknown, the seal seemingly showing a craft of ancient high technology, indeed not to mention his choice to have a vivid green death mask. All mere coincidence? Even the stolen plaque fortunately photographed before its mysterious theft depicting a doomsday event, volcanic eruptions in the background, with drowning natives which accompanied a mass submersion found and subsequently stolen from Tikal. Mere coincidence? Yet with all these compelling pieces of evidence, all these artistic accounts, whether through cover-up or lack of discovery, an accurate artistically created depiction. Of this event, of a peaceful trade via ancient alien contact, what the argument needed to become unarguable may have just been discovered deep in the Mayan rainforests. Accurate depictions created in brittle yet precious jade tablets of considerable proportions, unique interpretations of these events, and the giving of gifts actually once occurring. A statement released by Julia Levy, the Minister of Tourism for the Mexican State of Campache, Luis Agosto Garcia Rosado, the highest-ranking government official to go on record confirming the discovery of this possible extraterrestrial life, said quote. Guatemala, like Mexico, home to the ancient yet advanced Mayan civilization, has also kept certain provocative archaeological discoveries classified, and now believes that it is time to bring forth this information. Rosado spoke of contact, quote, between the Mayans and extraterrestrials, supported by translations of certain codices which the government has kept secure in underground vaults for some time. In a telephone conversation with the rap, he also spoke of, quote, landing pads in the jungle that are 3,000 years old, end, quote.