Today, I'm going to be running through an installation of Gen2. I did a Gen2 installation video probably about three or four years ago, and I haven't actually installed Gen2 myself personally on any of my equipment probably in nearly two years probably. So it's been a while for me. So today I wanted to actually do a Gen2 installation and record it on camera for you guys because I have been getting people asking me to do this kind of video. And I think a lot of people are asking about it because they're curious about the install process for Gen2. Many people have this misconception that the Gen2 installation process is really, really hard, really, really difficult, and it's actually not hard at all. Those of you if you've ever installed Arch Linux, for example, you know, the Arch install and the Gen2 installation process are practically the same. You do a lot of the same commands. The only difference is some of these commands, once they have to execute, take a lot longer in Gen2, right, especially installing software because Gen2 is not a binary distribution like Arch Linux and most other Linux distributions that you guys know about. Gen2 is a source-based distribution. So when it's installing software, it has to compile the software. And that takes a long time. The installation process for Gen2 can take a few hours. It could even take a couple of days on really old hardware. So it's lengthy the process of installing Gen2, but it's really not hard at all. Now I do have to consider that Gen2, you know, to install it in a timely fashion so it doesn't take all day, you know, I need to do it on a machine that has some beefy specs. The only machine that I have that's halfway decent as far as the specs on it is my main production workstation here at this desk. The only problem is that, you know, recording video and editing video and streaming and things like that, you know, doing this kind of work that I do on this YouTube channel also requires a beefy machine. And again, I only have the one machine, so I can't install Gen2 on this machine and also record it using this machine.  But don't worry, every time I do one of these Arch installs or Gen2 installs inside a virtual machine, I get people asking, hey, man, could you do it on real hardware? Because they think the process is different. The process, the commands you enter are exactly the same. So don't worry that I'm doing this in a virtual machine. The installation process, I promise you, is exactly the same. I've installed Gen2 on physical hardware just like I'm going to install it inside a virtual machine. I've installed Arch, you know, in virtual machines and on physical hardware. The commands I enter are exactly the same. You guys, if this is your first time installing Gen2, I also strongly suggest installing it in a virtual machine first, you know, installing it in something like virtual box just to practice before you actually try to do it like on a main production machine because you may screw up, right? And because the installation process is such a lengthy process, it's better to practice a few times in a virtual machine before you actually format the drive on your main production machine. And then, you know, you mess up the installation process two or three times and you're without a computer for a couple of days. So do this inside a virtual machine if this is your first Gen2 installation. So let's go ahead and get started. The very first thing you want to do is you want to pull up the Gen2 handbook. So the handbook is basically your installation guide. The installation guide, first of all, the very first thing you want to do is select your CPU architecture from almost everybody that's going to be AMD64. That's your standard x8664 processor. There were other architectures available such as ARM. They even had a RISC-5 and there's even some old PowerPC stuff there. But for most people, what you want to do is get the Gen2 AMD64 handbook. So let's go ahead and get into the installation. Installing Gen2. Now, some of this I'm going to skip because some of it is covering really basic stuff like the very first chapter here about the Gen2 Linux installation. That introduces you to, you know, some of what you're about to get into with installing Gen2. I'm not going to bother reading that if you guys want to read it. Go ahead and check that out. Choosing the right installation medium. I'm not going to cover this either. This is a, you know, how are you actually going to install it? I'm telling you right now I'm going to go grab one of the ISOs from the Gen2 downloads page. I'm going to grab a Stage 3 ISO. That's what most Gen2 users probably do is a Stage 3 installation. This page here also covers how to verify the ISO as far as checking the checksum. I'm not going to do that here on camera. Also I'm not going to cover how to burn the ISO to a USB stick. I hope you guys know how to download an ISO and burn it to a USB stick. If that seems like you need help with that, then please just stop with the Gen2 installation right now. You're not ready for it. The next chapter is configuring the network. Now I will open this just in case I need it. We may not need it, but this is for setting up the network, the Ethernet connection.  I know some of you guys are probably going to do this on a laptop. You're going to need Wi-Fi. Understand that I'm going to install Gen2 for my machine. So I'm going to do certain things that maybe aren't going to be what you need on your particular hardware. Just understand that don't copy me. If you're doing this on a virtual machine, it's fine to do exactly what I do. If you're doing this on physical hardware, then some of the commands I enter, you need to enter different commands. So don't blindly follow this video. Actually read the handbook and make sure you're doing what you need to do for your particular hardware. Now let me switch over to my desktop. This is the virtual machine I created. I gave this VM six threads of my 24 thread threadripper. So that's plenty for the VM to work with. It should install Gen2 rather quickly. Of course, I gave it 12 gigs of RAM.  And let me go ahead and start the VM.  If I don't do anything, it's going to try to boot off the disk. We haven't installed anything. So there's nothing to actually boot into. So I'm just going to hit enter. And we get into a TTY prompt, essentially a live environment, it's just a TTY prompt. First we need to load the key map. If I don't hit anything in the next few seconds, it automatically defaults to US key map. 43 was the number of the US key map if I needed to enter the number. And then we get to this prompt here. Now if I go back to the handbook, you can read a little bit about how to check your IP address, check to see if the network is working. I'm not going to read all of this to you guys. If you guys want to check this out, go ahead and read it. I just want to verify that networking is working. And if it is, then we can move on to the next thing. So if I run this command here ping, and I'll just ping Google.com. And I'm getting output returned. It's actually hitting Google.com. So networking is working.  You just wanted to give it a number of pings to do. I could do a dash C for count three. And then Google.com. And it will ping Google exactly three times.  Now the next part of the installation process is probably the most important part of installing any operating system really is preparing the disks. So this is setting up your partitions. Now I strongly urge you guys, I know I skipped the first three chapters essentially in the handbook. You can get away with that. I strongly recommend though that you read this. So really pay attention to preparing your disk.  So we're talking about master boot record versus, you know, GPT. And if you don't know what that is, again, read this page. I'm going to do legacy boot in this VM. But it's really the commands for installing legacy boot or UEFI are practically the same. They're just some minor differences. I may mention those differences as I go through the installation process. By scroll down the page, you get an example of a default partition scheme. You should create three partitions, at least according to them. And you don't have to do this, but this is just what they recommend. You should do a boot partition, a swap partition, and then, of course, your main partition for your data. And that's exactly what I'm going to do. And they recommend using the F disk utility or parted. Those are two command line utilities you can use to set up your partitions. I'm not actually that familiar with either F disk or parted. I usually use a program called CF disk. But for this video, what I'm going to do is I'm going to use F disk because since that's what the Gen 2 handbook recommends, I want to follow the handbook as closely as possible. I don't want to veer away from it because then, you know, you guys might be a little confused about what I'm doing. So the first thing I need is the name of this device because it's not going to be SDA the way it is in the handbook. In this virtual machine, it's typically VDA. But if I run this command, LS BLK for list block, you will see that my drive is VDA. So that is the actual device. So I want to do F disk slash dev slash VDA. And then I don't know the F disk commands because I don't run F disk that often. So it tells you to hit them for help. That's what I'm going to do. And then it gives you all the commands for F disk here. And it looks like we need to create a new partition table. Now, do I want to do a DOS partition table for Master Boot Record? Or do I want to do GPT for the UEFI? I'm going to do the DOS partition table. So I'm going to hit O and then enter. And it said created a new DOS disk label with disk identifier, yada, yada, yada. Now let's go ahead and add our partitions in. Adds a new partition. So I'm going to do in and then is that primary or extended? It's going to be primary. And then what is the partition number one through four for legacy boot? If you're doing UEFI, you have potentially up to 128 partitions you could choose from. We're going to do partition one here. The first sector just hit enter and let the first sector be the first sector. And then the last sector, you could give it a number. But what I like to do is just do plus. And then however big you want to make it, this is that boot partition that they recommended in the handbook. And they recommended 256 meg. So do plus 256 capital M for the last sector. And that created a partition one of type Linux, the size 256 megabytes. Great. Now let's do in for new partition, primary partition. And this time it's going to be partition two. And the first sector, once again, just hit enter. And then the last sector, how big do we want to make? This will be our swap. I'm going to make this only one gigabytes here in the VM because the swap partition is kind of wasted space in the small VM. If I make a huge swap partition, I'm not going to have enough disk space to actually do the installation. But I did want to create a swap on camera. It'll just be a small one gigabyte swap partition created new partition type of type Linux size one gigabyte. We will have to change the partition type for the swap because it needs to be type swap instead of type Linux. But we'll get to that in just a second. One more time, let's do in for partition and then primary. And then the partition number this time will be three. And then the first sector just hit enter for the default. And then the last sector, we wanted to take up all the remaining space on the disk. So this time just hit enter. All right. Now let's change the partition type of that swap, especially. So hit M for help. And let me see type T to change a partition type. So let me hit T on the keyboard. And then what partition number are we changing to was the swap. And that's the one I want to change. And then the hex code or the alias, I could type L to get a full listing of all the available types and swap is 82. So the aliases Linux is 83 swap is 82. And that's the only ones we really need. I'm going to do 82, of course, for this swap partition. All right. And then M for help one more time. Now, one thing we didn't do, we haven't made anything bootable yet. So let's hit a to toggle a bootable flag. What partition needs to be bootable? Well, partition one obviously needs to be bootable. That was our boot partition. And if everything we've done is correct so far right now, I think we could just write the table to the disk and exit. So just type W for write, hit enter. And that should be all we need to do with F disk and setting up our partitions. Now let's get back into the documentation. Now we got to talk about creating our file system. Now in the file system, I'm going to go with extend for. That's typically what I go with. You guys want to install anything else, you know, butter FS or XFS or Ryzer or whatever file system you want to put on the machine. You do you just read the documentation for me. I'm going to do extend for. So I need to run the command mkfs dot extend for. That's make file system extend for. So let me switch back over to the desktop here and let's go ahead and start making these. Now they recommended doing extend to for the boot partition. That's kind of the old school Linux way extend for would also work for the boot partition. But since they recommend doing extend to. So let's do mkfs dot extend to space. And then slash dev slash VDA one is the first partition on the virtual machine on physical hardware. Typically this is going to be SDA one. But here because it's a virtual disk, you know, they call it VDA one. And let's write that. All right. And then now we've made that file system. Now let's make the swap. So mk swap is the command to make a swap slash dev slash VDA to was the swap partition. And we've just created the swap. Now let's actually turn the swap on. So do swap on and then slash dev slash VDA to. And now finally let's make the extend for partition on the third partition. So mkfs dot extend for space. And then slash dev slash VDA three. And now that we've created that third partition, especially, you know, we've got that extend for partition. We need to actually mount that because that's where everything we do from here on needs to actually be placed on that particular partition. So let's mount slash dev slash VDA three. And then I'm going to space. And then where am I mounting it to? I'm going to do slash mount slash gen two and hit enter. And let's get back into the install guide in the handbook. The next chapter is installing stage three. So I mentioned we were going to do a stage three installation. Now, what do you need to do is you actually need to, from the command line, go and download the stage three tour ball. Before that, though, they also talk about setting up date and time. You typically won't need to do this. If the date is correct. So if I type date, let me verify that that's actually, yeah, that's correct on my system, but they do in the handbook discuss how to change that time and date if, for some reason, it is needed. So let's go ahead and download the stage three tour ball. So the first thing we need to do is we need a CD into slash mount slash gen two. So let's go ahead and do that CD slash MNT slash gen two. I'll just tab complete. And then what the handbook recommends is downloading the path to the stage three URL using the command line download utility W get. Now that's great, except getting that very lengthy URL and name of the ISO. It's not a small path to that ISO, right? So you could use W get, but what I strongly recommend is what they talk about next is using one of the terminal browsers like links, L.I.N.K.S. Or links, L.I.N.X, both fine terminal web browsers. And I'm gonna actually use links. We'll use links, L.I.N.K.S. for this because it makes downloading stuff very easy. So I'm gonna go in here. I'm gonna type links space and then HTTPS colon slash slash gen two dot org slash downloads. I believe we'll actually get us to the downloads section and just click okay here. And then with the arrow keys, just go down and that one right there, stage three open RC. I'm gonna use the open RC init system. Those of you that wanna do a system D installation would choose the system D install. But there's the documentation for the most part is mostly built around using the open RC init system. That's the traditional init system that Gen two has always used. So that's what I'm gonna do for purposes of this video. So I'm gonna hit enter on the stage three open RC and then it's gonna ask me, do I want to save this? Yes. And it's asking, do I wanna download it? Okay. And it's gonna download it right here in the browser. And once this bar has reached 100%, we will hit Q to quit out of the links browser. Let me Q to quit out of links. Now that we've downloaded that and we downloaded it right here in the directory we're in which is slash mnt slash gen two. The next thing we need to do, that was a compressed tar ball, right? We need to unpack that tar ball. And how you do that is entering this very lengthy command here, make sure you add the correct flags at the end of it as well.  And that's the stage three tar ball. We just downloaded using the links browser and then space and then these flags dash dash x a t t r s dash include equals. And then in single quotes, we need to do asterisk period asterisk then the ending single quote and then space and one more flag dash dash numeric dash owner. And if we did that right, let me verify that looks good and hit enter. And it's going to unpack that tar ball. This is gonna take a few minutes and unpacking the tar ball took about five or 10 minutes. And the next part of the installation is configuring the compile option. So this is the flags. So this is our make flags. Gives an example of the make.conf and the safe flags here, this link here. I remember correctly, this is actually pretty useful because depending on your CPU architecture, you know, for me, I've got the thread ripper so I'm gonna do the Ryzen, the thread ripper I've got it's model 1920 so the thousand and 2000 series, it tells me exactly, you know, the flags that I may want to do in the make.conf. So let me switch over and go ahead and open the slash Etsy slash portage slash make.conf is VIM installed. I don't think it is. Yeah, so VIM is definitely not installed. So I can't do VIM, it's VI, I'm pretty sure it's in here. So let's do VI slash Etsy slash portage slash make.conf. So VI is here, if you guys wanted to use nano, I know nano is also available for you.  So what I need to do is in between dash zero two dash pipe, I need to go ahead and add dash M arch equals ZNVER1. And then the last thing I need to do is the documentation did mention one other thing that you probably wanna do is you wanna tell the config file here, how many cores to use, make ops equals dash J2. That would be what you would use for, I guess a two core processor. Now I gave this machine six cores, right? Or six threads, but the virtual machine treats them as cores. So I'm gonna go in here and I'll just add this to the end of this document here. So that's gonna create a new line and I'm gonna do make ops equals and then inside double quotes dash lowercase J and then the number that I gave this. So six cores there. Then I'm gonna hit escape and then I'm gonna write and quit. And then let's get back into the documentation and let's click on the next chapter which is installing the base system. So this is where some of the magic really starts happening. First we need to get our mirrors and we want the fastest mirrors obviously to download the software. So I'm gonna enter this mirror select command here. Let me get back into the desktop and I'm gonna type mirror select and then space dash I space dash O space and then two greater than signs. And that's very important, it's two of them because we're gonna add to an existing file here. We're gonna write to it slash mount slash, let me make sure I got the path right slash gen two slash Etsy slash portage and then make dot comp. So all right, so we get a incurses menu where we can select the mirrors that we wanna add to the make dot comp for me. I'm gonna add mirrors in the US which I believe it's alphabetical by country. So let me go toward the end here and I'm just going to go ahead and hit the space bar on each USA mirror. I don't know if I need them all but that's plenty. Let me go ahead and hit okay. The next thing we need to do is the gen two e-build repository. We need to make a directory and then we need to copy some stuff over to that directory. So the first thing we need to do is a make directory. So mkdir space dash dash parent. So give it the parents flag and then space slash mnt slash gen two slash Etsy slash portage slash repose dot comp. Let me make sure I spill that because it's a new directory. I couldn't tab complete it. Let me, yeah repose dot comp is the name. And then what we wanna do is copy so CP space and then that same path we just typed. So slash mnt slash gen two slash Etsy slash portage slash repose dot comp space. And then what we wanna copy that to is slash mnt slash gen two slash Etsy slash portage slash repose dot comp slash gen two dot comp. You'll have to type that and hit enter and it says CP dash R not specified. So what happened here is I typed something wrong. So let me verify the page here. I got ahead of myself here and copy. I thought these paths were the same the copy path but it's not. You see, instead of mount gen two Etsy portage it's mount gen two user share portage. All right, so let me fix that. So I'm gonna go back in here and instead of mnt slash gen two slash Etsy mnt slash gen two slash user slash share slash portage slash, and then there's one more directory config slash repose. All right, so let me make sure that's right. Slash mnt slash gen two slash user slash share slash portage slash config slash repose dot comp. All right, and then we're copying to mnt gen two Etsy portage repose dot comp gen two dot comp. All right, so this command should work now. All right, no errors were returned to verify that work. What we should really do is actually make sure that this file that we were writing to that something was actually written to it. So if I did a cat on slash mnt gen two Etsy portage repose dot comp gen two dot comp. Yeah, so it did write something to it and getting back into the handbook. The next thing is copy DNS info. So it looks like we just need to do this command here, this copy command. I'm gonna do cp space dash dash d reference space and then slash Etsy slash resolve can't tab complete. No, it does tab complete. So resolve dot comp space and then slash mnt slash gen two slash Etsy and hit enter. And then the next part of the installation is mounting the necessary file systems. There's these five commands you have to enter. You do need to actually enter these correctly. This is probably one of the more tedious commands as far as you got some typing to do here. So let me just go ahead and get this done here. So I'm gonna do mount space dash dash types space proc space. And then what are we doing this? We're doing this as a slash proc space and then slash mnt slash gen two slash proc. So again, that would be something that very easy to miss type or miss read, you know, but I'm pretty sure I got that right that time. So then the next command is mount space dash dash our bind space and then slash sis and then space slash mnt slash gen two slash sis. And then mount space dash dash make dash or slave space and then slash mnt slash gen two slash sis. Once again, then mount space dash dash or bind or bind space slash dev this time space slash mnt slash gen two slash dev and then last one mount space dash dash make dash or slave space slash mnt slash gen two slash dev. Then getting back into the handbook here. It says if we were installing this on a non installation media non gen two installation media. So you were installing this from inside another Linux distribution. You may have to do this here in the red box. I'm doing this from the official gen two installation media. So I'm just gonna skip that. But you guys, again, you know, you may be doing things a little differently than I can't do everything possible with a gen two installation on a single video. Just know that if you deviate in any way, read the handbook. And finally, we need to cheroot into the new environment. So we need to cheroot into the new mounted file system. And that's where of course everything's gonna get compiled and installed to and everything. So this is very important here. So let's go ahead and do cheroot space slash mnt slash gen two and then space and then slash bin slash bash. Of course, the bash shell. And then we need to source the Etsy profile. And then finally, they recommend this here. This isn't really needed what they're doing here, but you want to change the prompt. So export PS one, PS one is your shell prompt.  And then your standard PS one prompt. So, and then the ending double quotes there. And you see all that does is just change the prompt instead of live CD and then the path. And now it's cheroot live CD and then the path. So that just lets us know, you know, the prompt gives us confirmation that we're actually in the cherooted environment. And the next part of the installation is mounting the boot partition. So this is very easy. So let's go ahead and mount space and slash div. They say SDA one, but remember in my virtual machine here, it's the disk is actually VDA one for the partition space and then slash boot. And then finally configuring portage. Portage is gen two's package manager. The command line interface to portage is a utility called emerge. And installing a gen two eBuild repository snapshot from the web, emerge dash web rsync. This is kind of optional, I think. I think I could skip this if I wanted to, but just for sake of, you know, being on the safe side, I'm gonna go ahead and run the emerge dash web rsync. And go ahead and let that go ahead and sync to the repositories here. This probably will take a few minutes. So I'm gonna step away, make a cup of coffee, I'll be back when this is done. And the emerge web rsync has finished. The next thing that we need to do in the handbook, it says, yeah, after running, you know, emerge, you may get some eSelect news. This is important messages from the gen two teams. It could be critical messages about things you need to know. I usually just skip this, but if you actually wanna read the eSelect news, you type eSelect news and then read and it's gonna list the messages, or it's all gonna scroll by a better way to do that would have been to do eSelect news list, I believe, would have just, yeah, gave you the overview of the messages and there were six messages. So it gives you the title of each one. And the next thing we need to do is choose our right profile. So eSelect profile list and let's make sure that we actually do this correctly. This is another thing that you wanna make sure you get this right cause there's a lot of different profiles you could choose and depending on whether you wanna do 32-bit libraries or strictly 64-bit, if you only wanted 64-bit only, then obviously one of the profiles you need it needs to include the word no multi-lib. Also, we've got some things like MUSL for those of you that would rather do MUSL than a G-lib C, I guess. I wouldn't recommend that unless you really know what you're doing. Got some system D stuff, of course, we're doing open RC. The default profile is number one and it looks like it's already selected because that's why it's got the blue asterisks but if you needed to select a different one, you would do eSelect profile and then set and then the number. So if I was changing from profile one to profile two, for example, I would, you know, eSelect profile set two. But for me, one is fine, it's already set but I could select it again and getting back to the handbook. The next step is updating the world list. I know this step usually takes a while. You have to enter this command here, emerge dash dash ask, et cetera, et cetera. Updating the world set, what is the world set? Well, we could click on the Gen2 Wiki link for world set and it explains world set encompasses the system set and the selected set and the system set contains the software packages required for a standard Gen2 installation. So obviously we need that and the selected set contains packages. The admin has explicitly installed. So let's go ahead and update the world set. So let me switch over to the desktop and I'm gonna type emerge space dash dash ask space dash dash verbose space dash dash update space dash dash deep space dash dash new use space at world. Hit enter and obviously, because again, it's a source based distribution, there's gonna be a few things that it's going to have to update here, install or update. Actually, it's just a few things, five. But I think this process usually takes a little while. So I'm gonna pause the recording, I'll be back once this is completed. And updating the world set finally finished. I did remember that that took a long time and I was correct, that took almost an hour to do that. The next thing, configuring the use variable. So this is some of our use flags. And if you wanted to see what use flags are already in use, let me go ahead and enter this command emerge dash dash info. And then what you wanna do is pipe that into grep. And then we want to do the carrot symbol that symbolizes the beginning of a line and then all caps use. So it's gonna find a line that starts with use and then you have use equals and then a whole bunch of flags here. So that is all the use flags. If you wanted to edit that, you could. You could actually edit the make.conf. I'm not going to do that. I'm not really interested in playing with the flags. If you wanted to see what the flags actually are as far as the description, you could use the less command. And then what you wanna do is take a look at slash var slash db slash repos slash gen two slash profiles slash use dot desc. And that will pipe all of the flags into less, just hit enter to get the list to go down. But you can see, for example, if you had the also flag that adds support for media libraries and also libraries, you know, just hit enter to go down and read the entire list q to quit out of less. And the next thing in the handbook is configuring the accept license variable. They say it's optional. So it's what kind of license do we want to accept as far as installing our software? Do we want only GPL compatible software or only FSF approved or OSI approved, et cetera, et cetera? Since they say this is optional, I'm assuming I could skip this step. If I really wanted to though, I probably would accept probably the most liberal set of licenses just to cover all bases. So I didn't run into a situation where I was trying to install something, but couldn't. Scrolling down even further, we get optional using system D as the init system. And they say the remainder of the Gen2 handbook focuses on open RC. And this is the reason I'm doing the open RC installation is because it focuses really on open RC. If you wanna do system D, the documentation is kinda sparse, right? So moving on time zone. So we probably need to go ahead and set up a time zone. So let me go ahead and do an LS and I'm gonna do an LS in user share zone info. And if I do an LS, you see you get a listing of the possible regions. So this, if you've ever done a graphical installation of a boon to or anything that uses like the Calamari installer, for example.  Well, where is that graphical installer getting that information? Well, it's getting it from user share zone info. You know, this particular directory here. And I see America in the list. So if I did an LS on user share zone info, America, you know, did an LS in that, you see Chicago in the list. And so that's exactly what I want to set my zone to, America slash Chicago. So how you do that is you need to echo, and in my case, America slash Chicago. And that needs to be wrapped in quotes and then space and then a single greater than sign. And then we're gonna write that to slash etsy slash time zone. And then we need to emerge space dash dash config space, sys dash libs slash time zone dash data. And that emerged very quickly. So that was just updating the local time to now reflect, in my case, America slash Chicago. No, I'm not actually in Chicago. You guys know the Southern accent. I'm actually in Louisiana, but Chicago's the central time zone, Louisiana's the central time zone. So that's why I always just choose Chicago out of the list. And the next step is configuring our locale. So we need to open the slash etsy slash locale dot gen. So let me go ahead and do that. And they were using nano. I'll just use VI since it's here actually, because a merge is already set up. I probably could go ahead and just emerge Vim. And I'm looking through the gen two wiki for Vim. And Vim is app dash editors slash Vim. Well, let me just go ahead and do that. Let me do an emerge and then app dash editors slash Vim. Just to get me a better text editor. I'm not that comfortable with VI. And I can't use nano at all. So let's just go ahead and get Vim installed. So Vim finally finished installing. That took about half an hour to install. Was it worth it? Well, for me, I was eventually gonna install Vim no matter what anyway. If you guys don't use Vim, obviously, you don't need to do that. Now back to configuring our locales. Now, if you're not sure what locale you need to choose, you can check it out in user share, internationalization supported. So let me go ahead and show you guys that. If I wanted to run this through less, let's do less and then slash user share. Now that was internationalization. That's I 18 in where 18 signifies. There's 18 letters in between I and N. It's just a short form for internationalization. And then supported. And there are all the locales. Again, piping it through less just hit enter to go down. Of course, you could pipe it into grip if you wanted to search for a specific locale. Obviously, I'm going to do English US here. And they actually already have the codes for English US here. So let me go ahead and I'm gonna open this in Vim. So I'm gonna Vim slash Etsy slash locale.gen. And they already have C dot UTF eight here. I'm just gonna go ahead and leave that, but I'm gonna add English US ISO dash 8859 dash one and then add English underscore US dot UTF dash eight. You need to have at least one UTF dash eight locale specified some things just need that. I'm gonna go ahead and write and quit and back to the browser here. And the next thing you need to do is run the command locale dash gen. So let's do that locale dash gen generating three locales because that's how many locales were in the file that we added and going back to the handbook. If you wanna see the available locales, you could always type E select locale list. So I could do E select locale list and there were the locales. The default one right now is set to seven. Now, if I wanted to change that, I could do E select locale set and then let's do English US UTF eight. So I'll set number six. Now we need to resource our slash Etsy slash profile for that change to take immediate effect and it gives you the command to type. You need to type period space and then slash Etsy slash profile. Unfortunately, doing that, it ruined our charoute prompt. We're still charouted, but it set the PS1 prompt back to its default form. If I wanted to, I could take the time to put that back. So let's export PS1 equals and do you guys remember what it recommended? It was charoute inside parentheses. It could be anything. It's just the main thing is changing the font to something different just so you know that you're actually charouted. And going back to the handbook, now reload the environment with ENV dash update and then source the Etsy profile and then export. Okay, so I actually ended up doing basically this, not this exact command, but we already took care of that. If I had actually read the rest of the page, I would have just run that command there. So let's go ahead and click on configuring the kernel. So first we need to choose an appropriate kernel source and install it using a merge. So I'm just gonna type that first command there and emerge space dash dash ask space. And we're gonna install sys dash kernel slash gen two dash sources. And I'm just gonna click enter for yes. This may take a few minutes to install. All right, and the gen two kernel sources installed that took about 20 minutes. So not terribly quick, but not terribly long. And when I give the times, of course, that's particular for this virtual machine I created, those of you that have even better beefier machines, you know, these things may install quite a bit quicker. Those of you that are trying to install gen two on a potato, this could take hours and hours, right? So all right, so the next thing we need to do after the emerge of the gen two sources, let's do an LS dash L user source Linux just to verify that it created a symbolic link. And I do apologize, guys. If you hear the train going by here, there's a train track not too far from this office here and user source Linux is what we needed. No such file or directory. Let's go back into the documentation. It looks like we need to do a E-select kernel list and then choose a kernel. So I don't know why they gave the LS command before that because, yeah, because it's obviously not gonna return anything until we actually choose something from the list, available sim link targets. So then run E-select kernel set. And obviously there's only one target available. So set number one says can't load module kernel. Hi, misspelled kernel. Instead I typed kernel. Okay, E-select kernel set one. All right, and now let me up arrow back to LS dash L user source Linux. And now that sim link has been created. And finally the moment everyone's been waiting for kernel configuration and compilation. Now the handbook here, the gen two handbook says manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a Linux user ever has to perform. Nothing is less true, okay? So it's hard, but you know what? It's really not hard. So, and if you want to actually do this we need to install the PCI utils. So we need to emerge sys dash app slash PCI utils. Let's go ahead and do that. So emerge space dash dash ask space and then sys dash apps slash PCI utils and hit enter. All right, and now that the PCI utils are installed the next thing we need to do is CD into user source Linux. Remember that was created for us. So CD into user source Linux. And then we need to run this command make space menu config. And this should launch an incurses program where we can configure the kernel manually. And this is typically not something I do but they do have some good information here in the wiki for those of you that want to configure the kernel. Some things that you may want to enable or disable things like dev tempfs support, SCSI diss support, selecting necessary file systems depending on what file system you're using. Typically I don't care to go through and manually configure every module in the kernel that I want. Typically I just installed the big kernel so that's what I'm going to do. So I'm gonna merge sys dash kernel slash gen kernel. So let me get back over here. And again, if you guys wanna configure your own kernel I mean you can go through the menu and hit enter and tick on and tick off things. What I'm gonna do though is I'm just gonna exit out of this and then what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna merge space dash dash ask space sys dash kernel slash gen kernel. And we're just gonna install the big generic kernel and I get some errors here. So let's read the errors says sys kernel Linux firmware. So something is wrong with installing Linux dash firmware saying something about redistributable license. So if I get back into the handbook here and go back, you remember the licenses that I said were optional because it does say optional configuring the accept license variable and we didn't set one. One of them was redistributable binary dash redistributable and I've actually got some notes here. This is not in the gen to handbook but I've done a search for this in the past and I've got some personal notes here on what I need to do to fix this problem. Apparently I've had it before I need to echo and then in double quotes sys dash kernel slash Linux dash firmware because that's the program that's having a problem is because we didn't accept a binary dash redistributable license. So let's go ahead and do the at symbol and then all caps binary dash redistributable. Make sure I spelled that right. And yeah, and then what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna pipe that into this command line utility called t, t takes standard input so it's gonna take that echo command and it's going to write that to a file. And I just noticed I didn't do the ending double quotes there, let me do that. Okay, then pipe that into t dash a to append a file meaning add this as a line at the end of the file don't overwrite the entire file with this echo and this needs to write that to slash etsy slash portage slash package dot license. And of course the package dot license file I had to type the whole thing in because we never created it in the first place. So, and now that we've done that you get the output here in the command line but it also wrote the output to slash etsy slash portage slash package dot license. And now that should allow us to up arrow and then emerge again the gen kernel and it should allow it. Yep, no more licensing issues. Now installing the kernel is gonna take a while. I'm expecting with the system resources that I gave this VM it might do it in a half hour. Maybe it takes up to an hour. I don't know what I'm gonna do is I've been at this computer now going on about four hours. So I'm gonna step away. I'm gonna actually go out to lunch and I'll probably be back before this big generic kernel has finished compiling. Guys, it's been two hours since I had started the compilation of the generic kernel. So I actually canceled it compiling because I think it hung up. It didn't look like the virtual machine was using any CPU. So I think the emerging of the gen kernel had reached a point where it was just frozen. It wasn't doing anything and it had already been two hours passed by and it's been nearly six hours since I actually started the whole installation process. So what I did is I went ahead and hit control C and canceled the compilation of the gen kernel and I went ahead and installed the gen two dash kernel dash bin package. That is a binary of the gen two kernel. So hopefully that will install correctly. Hopefully it'll go a little faster. I found that, by the way, in the gen two handbook. This was the gen kernel. I scrolled down. There were some alternate distribution kernels that we could install including gen two dash kernel and gen two dash kernel dash bin. So dash bin, I'm assuming it's a binary. It should maybe install quicker, we'll see. All right, so the gen two dash kernel dash bin kernel actually installed in about 25 minutes. So a much quicker installation than the gen kernel trying to compile. I really think the gen kernel probably compiles a lot quicker than two hours. I really think that for whatever reason the whole process just froze up because after two hours, I've never had a kernel take that long to compile especially since I gave this VM plenty of resources to work with. Now, since I installed one of these alternate distribution kernels, it says post install and upgrade. So every time there's a kernel upgrade, I need to run this command here which is emerge dash dash ask at module dash rebuild to rebuild the kernel modules. All right, so moving on, let's get past all of this. Finally, installing the firmware emerge dash dash sys dash kernel slash linux dash firmware. I think we already installed that though earlier because that was the package that had a problem with the licenses that, you know, it wanted to force us to agree to that binary redistributable license. But just to make sure, I'm gonna do emerge space dash dash ask sys dash kernel slash linux dash firmware just to make sure it's here. So would you like to merge these packages? It didn't tell me it was already installed. So I'm just gonna go ahead and emerge it again. Might as well. I mean, we've been at this install now nearly six and a half, seven hours. And that really took about one minute to install the linux dash firmware package. Now let's move on to configuring the system. And this is about the F stab. So this is the file system table. So it asks us to do nano slash etsy fstab. Does it give an example of what the fstab should look like? Yeah, here's an example etsy fstab example. And this is using NBR. So that is a good example for me to follow there. So let me get back over into the VM. And I'm gonna do vim space slash etsy slash fstab. Fstab stands for file system table. So I'm gonna go down here and clean some of this up. First thing we need to do is actually just uncomment all of these. Now if I wanted to use the labels, I think I could. If I wanted to specify specific partitions, for example, instead of label equals boot, I could actually change this to actually the name of the drive or the path to the drive. So I could change this to slash dev slash vda one was the boot partition. And if I wanted to do the big partition the same way, let's just get rid of uuid and I'll do slash dev slash vda three was that partition. The swap was of course slash dev slash vda two. And then let's go ahead and uncomment slash dev slash cdrom for the optical drive, even though I won't be using that really in this VM. One thing I noticed in the example fstab here is they assumed that the slash boot file system here was extend four. And of course we did make that. I believe we made that extend two. So I better change that. And then let me write and quit here. So do colon wq here in VM. And the next thing we need to do is the networking information host and domain information. So we need to set a host name at slash etsy slash conf dot d slash host name. So this is very simple here. So in your text editor, nano or in my case, VM open up slash etsy slash conf dot d slash host name. And host name is set to local host. Obviously change that to anything you want. I'm gonna name this particular machine. I'm gonna call it vert dash gen two. Just a nice descriptive name, especially if I ever SSH into this VM, I'll actually know exactly what it is because of the host name vert dash gen two tells me it's my gen two VM. And going back to the handbook, the next thing it talks about is the slash etsy slash conf dot d slash net file. It doesn't exist by default. And it says, if a domain name is needed, then we set that file. We don't actually need that though. I'm just gonna skip that for now. I don't think we need to play with that. Let's go down to configuring the network. And we need to install some network utilities. So we need to run this command, this emerge command. So let me go back here and clear the screen here so you guys can better read what I'm typing here. Emerge space dash dash ask space dash dash no replace space net dash m i s c miscellaneous slash net i f r c. And that installed very quickly. And back to the handbook. It talks about the conf dot d slash net file again. I don't know, maybe we actually do need that. And we're gonna be using DHCP. I'm gonna be using that, of course, for ethernet. And it mentions adding that line to etsy conf dot d slash net. So just in case that is needed, I don't see what it would hurt for us to actually go into that. So I'm gonna vim slash etsy slash conf dot d slash net. And of course that file was an empty file meaning we just created it. So the line I wanted to add according to the handbook is config underscore f zero equals DHCP. Then I'm gonna escape colon WQ to write and quit. Now at the zero, we need to make sure that that is actually the interface here. So I'm gonna do IPA and make sure yes, it is actually f zero. And back to the handbook. Now we need to make sure that networking automatically starts when we reboot. So CD into slash etsy slash a net dot d. So CD into slash etsy slash a net dot d. And then we need to create this symbolic link here while using this command LN space dash s. So we're creating a symbolic link for net dot lo space net dot eth zero. And then we need to make sure that this starts this service this networking service starts every time we reboot we need to make this happen with open RC. So we need to run this open RC command RC dash update space add space net dot by tab complete eth zero and then space and then the word default can I tab complete that? No, I have to type it all the way out. And it says added net dot eth zero to run level default. Moving on, we need to edit our slash etsy slash host file and they give an example of what one might look like. These are actually pretty simple. It looks more complicated than it is. So open in your editor slash etsy slash host. And for me, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go down here and it's already got <IP_ADDRESS> local host. That looks pretty good. I'm also gonna add the host name for this computer. So I'm just gonna do vert dash gen two and then tab over and we'll also leave local host here. And then colon colon one, I'm just gonna do the same thing. So let's go ahead and add the host name for this computer. So vert dash gen two and we'll also leave local host in this file. And that's really all I'm gonna do in slash etsy slash host. All right, and we're getting really close to being able to reboot into our freshly installed gen two. Now, but we need to set a root password. So we need to obviously run the pass wd command. So pass wd, and of course we're logged in as the root user. So this will be the root password. Now gen two requires you to create a strong and complicated password. It has to be eight to 40 characters. It can't use dictionary words and it would be advisable to use a mixture of upper and lowercase letters. So let me type a strong and complicated password. I hope I remember this password, I think I will. All right, so we've created the root password. The last three things here, I don't really think I need to play with those. One is editing slash etsy slash rc.conf. That's the open RC, it's like startup services. And if I really needed to play with the init system, I could play with that file. I don't need to do that. Then it talks about slash etsy slash conf.d slash key maps for our key map. It's already set to a US key map. So I don't really need to go back in there and play with that file. And then hwclock is the clock. Make sure it's set to local. I guess just to make sure that that is the case, I could vim slash etsy slash conf.d slash hwclock. Now it's actually set to clock equals utc. If I wanted to, I could set it to local. Note that if you dual boot with Windows, then you should set it to local. This is not a dual boot machine, so I'm good on that. So let's get back to the handbook and then installing tools. So this is your system logger, installing a system logger that's very important. So let me go ahead and get to the desktop here. And I'm probably just going to install the first one that they recommend, which is called sysklogd. So emerge space dash dash ask space app dash admin slash sysklogd. And now that sysklogd has been installed, the next thing we need to do is actually make sure that that auto starts every time we log in. Again, once again, we have to use open RC here. So let's do RC dash update space add sysklogd and then default. And sysklogd added to run level default. And back to the handbook. This is optional, but on most Linux systems, you probably want to add a Cron daemon and they advise you to install crony. And then of course, registered that with open RC. I'm actually going to skip this because in this VM, I'm not going to be setting up any kind of Cron jobs or anything. You could also add mlocate which that allows you to use the locate command to find files and directories on your system. I'm fine just using the find command, which is just a part of the standard new core utility. So I don't need mlocate SSH. You may want to install the SSH server on your system. If you plan to SSH into the machine right now, I don't need to add that. But if you need to add that to your open RC startup services, then of course you need to do that once again with the RC dash update add command. Then it mentions you may want to install some file system tools. So depending on what file system you used, in my case, I used extend four. There's some extra tools that come along with that file system that you may find useful. In my case, I need to install sys-fs-e2fsprogs. And I will do that because I think that is actually very important to do. I'm going to do an emerge dash dash ask and sys-fs-e2fsprogs and hit yes to that. And the next thing is installing network tools. Mainly we need a DHCP client, so we actually have a working internet when we reboot. So we need to go ahead and emerge DHCPCD. So let me go ahead and do that. Emerge, space dash dash ask, space net dash m-i-s-c slash d-h-c-p-c-d. And that's finished installing. Next, after DHCPCD, optional, we could install PPP. If that is used to connect to the internet, I don't need that. You also could install WPA supplicant. That's needed for wifi. This is strictly ethernet. So all I really needed was DHCP in my case. So I'm going to go ahead to the next chapter, which is configuring the bootloader. And of course, this is going to be about installing grub. The first thing we need to do is emerge grub2. So let me go ahead and do that. I'm going to clear the screen here if I can type correctly. And I'm going to do an emerge dash dash ask space dash dash verbose because I guess we want to actually see the output from what's going on with this command. sys dash boot slash grub colon two. And I'm going to answer yes to that question. Now while that is emerging, I should mention that I am doing master boot record and that is actually what that command is for. Those of you that wanted to do a EFI boot, I mentioned, I mentioned this when we got to it is the differences. The differences is you actually need to run this command, which adds this line grub underscore platforms equals EFI dash 64. It writes that to the make.com file. And then you need to emerge the grub2 bootloader. And grub has finally finished emerging. That took about an hour and 20 minutes to emerge grub. It took a very long time.  And I thought maybe the virtual machine was hung up. Maybe it wasn't. It's just really slow at compiling some of this stuff because I did not expect a grub to really take that long to emerge. And we're really not through with the grub install because we still have to run the actual grub dash install command on our device on most machines. That's gonna be it slash dev slash SDA. Of course, inside this virtual machine, the device is VDA. So let me run grub dash install space slash dev slash VDA. And it says installation finished. No error reported. Once again, just for sake of completeness, that was for me doing the legacy boot bios. Those of you doing EFI instead of the grub install and then the path to the device, you would do grub install dash dash target equals x86 underscore 64 dash EFI and then give it the dash dash EFI dash directory equals slash boot flag. And now that we've run grub dash install, the last thing is to actually create a grub config file. So we need to run grub dash MK config for make config. So let me clear the screen here because this is a very important command. Let's make sure we get this right. So it's grub dash MK config space dash O space and then slash boot slash grub slash grub dot CFG. And at this point, we could go ahead and reboot the machine, but let's exit. So let's go ahead and do that. Exit and then what we wanna do is CD and then we want to unmount. So run you mount for unmount space dash L and we're gonna unmount slash MNT slash gen two slash dev. And then inside the braces here, I'm gonna put slash SHM comma slash PTS comma and then you mount space dash capital R slash MNT slash gen two. And then finally, let's go ahead and reboot. So let's go ahead and see if the machine reboots. All right, and we get a grub menu. So our installation is completed. It worked. Thank you. And we get some net system information. So open RC is working. We get some networking information. It looks like the networking is working. Let's go ahead and make sure though we have to log in right now. All we have is a root user. So vert dash gen two was my host name. It says vert dash gen two log in. So what user do we want to log in as? Of course, root is the only one. Now I need to enter our strong and complicated password. I hope I remember what I'd set for the password. Okay, and now we're actually logged in as root. So let's go back to the documentation and the last chapter is finalizing. And really the only thing left is to add a actual user that's not root. So you need some other user other than root on the system and you need to use the user add command. And let me go ahead and just show you guys this here. Let me clear the screen. We're gonna type user add dash lowercase m space dash capital G. And then we need to add this user to some groups. I'm gonna add the user to users comma wheel comma wheel is the most important because that adds it to the pseudoers group. We also need comma audio comma video. No spaces between these commas, by the way. Some other groups that you probably want your home user to be a part of CD-ROM. You may want him to be a part of floppy. You may want him to be a part of games. I think right now that may be all I need one more. I should probably add USB. That probably covers most of the groups. So then space dash S and this is for the shell. We want the default user shell to be slash bin slash bash and then finally space and then the name of that user. I'm gonna call my user DT. And it says the group games does not exist. So let me go ahead and up arrow. I'm gonna remove the games group. I was actually looking at the documentation for groups to add and games was actually listed there. But let me up arrow and just remove games from the group list. And now we've created the DT user. Now the DT user needs a pass. So do pass WD DT. And now choose a password for the DT user. So let me create a strong and complicated password for the DT user again. You have to follow the rules for gen two. So eight to 40 characters and uppercase, lowercase, no dictionary words. So now that we've set that password and let me try to log in to the DT user. So SU DT for switch user to DT. And it just allowed us to do that because we were already the root user. The root user can do anything. And I think that's where I'm gonna quit with this portion of the installation because honestly that's the end of the installation guide. Where do you go from here on this final page? Well, where you go from here is whatever you wanna do. Is this gonna be a server? Is this gonna be an actual desktop? Do you actually want a graphical environment? So if you want to actually have it as a desktop computer, obviously, you're gonna have to install XOR, right? The X11 display server. And then you're gonna have to put a desktop environment or a window manager on top of that. You're probably gonna wanna log in manager. Where you go from here is a million different paths. You know, everybody's gonna do something different. So I'm not gonna do that on camera for two reasons because everybody will want something different but the other reason I'm not gonna do it is because it's gonna take hours. Especially if you guys wanted to see me install the full GNOME desktop environment or the full KDE Plasma desktop environment. It's very easy, you just emerge those desktop environments. The problem is it's gonna take hours. Like if I had to install full GNOME or full KDE Plasma, it literally would take probably as many hours as I've already put in to this point just to install those packages. I'm not going to do that. Maybe in the future, I'll do some kind of minimal install. We'll do XOR and maybe a really minimal window manager.  What I suggest you guys do is try this. If you're gonna be a Gen2 user, stay minimal because it takes so long to compile this software. Updates also take forever. You don't want a really big heavy bloated desktop environment. Stay light, do window manager only. Also, if there's binary packages available for a program, use it because it'll save you from compiling. For example, many Gen2 users don't compile the web browser. That's another thing. If I had to compile Chrome or Firefox, they would take hours, many, many hours. There's binary packages available for the web browser. Install those. Same thing with the full LibreOffice suite. Don't compile that thing. There's a binary for LibreOffice, install that instead. So right now what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and just leave this VM as is. I may clone it a couple of times and we may come back to it at some point. And again, maybe I'll throw XOR on it and a window manager if I do. Of course, I'll do that on camera and share it with you guys. Now before I go, I need to think a few special people. I need to think the producers of this episode. I'm talking about Absi, James, Gabe, Mitchell, Wes, Akami, Alan, Chuck, Kurt, David, Dylan, Gregory, Erion, Alexander, Paul, Polytech, Scott, Steven, Sven, and Willie. These guys, they're my highest tiered patrons over on Patreon without these guys. I couldn't have spent all morning, all afternoon, and all evening compiling Gen2 today. I couldn't have done it. This show is also brought to you by each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen as well. All these names are seeing on the screen right now. I sincerely appreciate each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen, their support because I don't have any corporate sponsors. I'm sponsored by you guys, the community. If you like my work and wanna support me, please, consider subscribing to Distro Tube over on Patreon. All right, peace. After all that, if I rebooted and didn't get a grub screen, I probably would have punched my monitor.


Okay welcome back. What we're going to do now is set up a first camera so we're actually going to do two cameras for the sake of this exercise but we're going to do one in this video and that's going to be a static camera that automatically follows the plane around. Okay and I'm just going to try and place it sort of somewhere in the middle of the scene and then wherever the plane goes the camera's going to watch it. Okay so for this camera the camera we're going to use is a camera and aim and you create one of those by clicking on create cameras and you get camera and aim. There it is and then what you want to do is just make sure that you're kind of happy with the position of it. Now it's already quite central in my scene which I'm happy with but I want it to be raised up because I want it to be kind of looking a little bit down at the plane so it'll be pretty flat but slightly looking down that's because all the detail in this scene is in the mountains so the sky is alright but it is a bit boring. Okay so that's the easy bit. Then what I want to do you'll notice that this camera and aim is made up there is your camera and there is your aim and the way that these work and the way that they're different from standard cameras is that a standard camera to make the camera look around you would rotate the camera but on this one you can actually move the aim and you'll see that the camera follows that and that's really useful to us. So the other thing that we need to be aware of if we have a looking window outliner is that the camera this time comes in a group so within camera one group we've got camera one which is the camera and camera one aim which is the aim and we need to know about that to be able to get this to work. So first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to get this aim on the plane on frame one so make sure I'm on frame one make sure I've got just the aim selected and then what I'm going to do is I'm just going to jump into my top view and I know my plane's over here so I'm just going to put my aim on the plane so I'm just going to aim kind of for the cockpit. So that's done in my top view but I also know that I need to do it in my front or side views because it's going to be too high or too low so I'll turn my grid off press F so that I'm looking at my aim and I can see that my planes down here so I'm just going to move that down there I'll press F to frame that up again and aim for somewhere in the cockpit. So I'm now happy with the position of that that is going to be looking bang at the plane wonderful. Okay so what I'm going to do now is with the plane no with the aim selected I'm going to shift select the plane like that and then I'm going to press P and now the aim belongs to the plane so wherever the plane goes that aim is going to follow it. Okay and to show you what that looks like I'll show you how to preview it so you've got an idea of what this step has done for us. So I'm going to sacrifice my top view for a little while I'm going to click on panels perspective and I'm going to click on camera one and now this camera is showing what this camera here can see so I'm just going to press 6 to turn on all the texture in and then making sure that this is the active view and you'll know which is your active view because it comes with this light sort of gray box around it and then you're just going to press play and you can now see that the camera is kind of automatically following wherever the plane goes which is obviously a lot easier than having to keyframe it. You can see that just because we've got a plane to follow a line we've got a much more interesting camera shot oh and the plane flies through the sun as well that's gonna look so good with the glow. Oh what a happy fluke. Okay so that's what that step has been all about so it gives us a nice kind of wide shot of the plane that we can sort of cut between with the next shot we're going to do. Wonderful so assuming you've got that step done I'd like to see you in the next video where we're going to set up another plane which will be like a little bit behind it like seeing the plane in a third person so of you. Okay so I will see you in the next video for that.


So yeah, so first of all, I think like before introduction, this is nothing to like nothing related to Amazon, first of all, now, so I was working with Buckman Center Howard University till last August 16 and like so we tried to explore all the projects that Buckman was working on the world was working on. So usually my Jigsaw project was not related to machine learning or anything so but we had a very short discussions every day and we like tend to find out what exactly is going around our industry. And so there would be nothing technical in this so like you can wait for at least like 10 to 15 minutes before your lunch. Yeah, so I'll discuss some of the good projects that are like I came across or my colleagues came across and usually after working hours, we don't have the energy to work like board something. So we usually discuss on like what are the exactly impacts of AI. Even if you Google right now that what exactly is doing us to us after the 10 first things you will get they will always discuss about like what will I do rather than what it has already done. So here like lots of most of the projects will be exactly on what already is done to us or something on proven grounds rather than theoretical ones. Yeah, so mostly the first one will be discussing on what exactly the present in entrepreneurship scenarios and what exactly verticals like companies are working on. And then we will have a short notes on like each vertical of our world and the impact of AI on that. Let's start with the industry. So this is the like a small survey as well as like big research done by CB Insights and they tell what exactly AI scenarios improved. So these are mergers and acquisitions that has happened in from like 2011 to 16. And like we believed at the end of 15 that there will be a probably small break or small winter in AI, but that has not actually happened. So it was because of the like good projects that had Google and Facebook like Facebook and that came up and through all the awareness to the people. And that's if you see the 16 2016 it is always increasing. So a lot of them are good companies, major companies. They acquired very small startups and even the investment scenario has changed. So these are the deals. If you see like in the quarter three and quarter four of 16, sorry, second and third, you will see that like lots of money has been invested in AI and like the number of startups that started with AI has been like a lot. So this is the overall scenario from 12 to 16. So I came across a small machine intelligence landscape. They researched from 2012 till now and they like crafted out the entire scenario. So this was what started in 2012. You will not see any of the open source projects that helped the people to like develop more on AI. After two years, this was the scenario in 2015. This was like MI 2.0. You will see that the small difference that in 2012, there was nothing, not more than four to five companies working on each vertical. And it was like very small, like probably five to seven people working in each company. This was the scenario in 2015 where like lots of companies grew up, but still the companies were small. And like a lot of good projects came into research. This is what last scenario is. That was in November 2016. You will see that like lot of the projects from Google, Facebook have came and mostly were open source. Lots of open source tool came up, open AI started like some of the research projects. And they also like threw one more application into the public that was Universe. So yeah, let's start with what exactly was done in transportation sector. So you might already have like heard about autonomous cars, semi autonomous cars. And the main impact of this was that government actually trusted people, trusted the companies that actually was developing the semi autonomous cars. And they have like in San Francisco, they've already approved the fully autonomous cars. So still now only semi are allowed. And yeah, actually at the end of 2017 probably will have fully autonomous cars on road also. Yeah, of course, the lesser probability of accidents like human committing an error is like, but if you see the probability is like quite high likely than what like autonomous cars will do. And yeah, there are still loopholes in if you see the picture, you will know what exactly I meant. There are lots of algorithms that are still to be solved. Transportation tool. So like we took a step ahead from cars, autonomous cars. We went to drones and from drones like merging drones and cars. We like Dubai, if you might have followed up on this recent news, you are meant to know that Dubai is already developing a small POC and they've already showcased that on one of the recent events. So they will have a taxi, small kind of taxi that will be like fully autonomous, probably at the end of 17 on road. Yeah, employment. So like there have been a lot of talks that AI will like snatch a lot of jobs. Basically, if you'll see again, if you research, lots of the research will always have will that AI will take your jobs away and there is no proven grounds that it will actually do. In fact, there are a lot of debates that I will create more jobs. So there is only one paper till now like published by organization for economic cooperation and development, which says that after the 15 countries that is in the group, 9% jobs have already been reduced on for UK, the scenario is that 10% jobs have been reduced in effect of the AI. So yeah, and there is no other paper that I am able to find on. So of course, productivity have been increased. We'll see how and how like where exactly it was affected. And yeah, of course, the like if you see AI after the entire 100% of the people only probably 20 to 25% of the people will be able to afford the autonomous cars or the all of the technologies that will be able. We'll see AI affecting but so it is anticipated and like nothing, nothing on paper, nothing on survey that it will widen the gap we have between the rich and poor as well as the educated and non-educated. So probably some less educated people might take some more time to get adapted to the new technologies. This was the scenario for the main occupation categories that employment share for exactly what changed between 2002 and 2014. So the last decade actually was the main like AI impact decade. And if you see that the minimum the medium main medium routine one was it did the entire jobs reduced to around minus 8.25%. So that is a too much for like so the main inference is that maybe the top level employees might not be affected but the middle class and the lower wages. Might be get affected the ones who work in the industry or factories and all. Yeah, so like lots of lots of things in robots like so the first one was that they they become cheaper. China actually like had a lot of like four to five big companies working on pushing the robots into each home. One of them is UbiTech where they developed like life-size robots using Amazon Alexa. And they can do like small tasks like like listing the shopping list or something like that. But they became so cheaper that it could be like already into the homes around in a month. Also, there are a lot of tasks that are like dangerous and like hazardous probably so one of them is the nuclear waste cleaning. A Japanese already used that for around two to three years now and there was a recent news also that decaying has also occurred in those robots. And so even so the recent developments has also said that they are developing such robots that cannot be decayed by the radiations. And also there are a lot of tasks like simple ones like painting high walls buildings where like people have died a lot of times before. And so like NTU here has also developed a small prototype which can like easily paint the entire building and yeah. So also there have been like we have seen in a lot of the movies that maybe after some time we'll be able to control robots using brains and all. So there is small prototype of that too. I'll skip this one. Yeah. So the prototype is here. It was recently developed by MIT where you will be able to tell the robot that what you are doing is actually wrong. And we'll be able to train the robots very like nicely and as fast as possible. Okay. So education mostly like a lot of people have told that you will be able to replace the entire teaching scenario. But actually most of the people have said that it will not be possible as far as the face to face integration is concerned. So like you will be able to your teacher will be able to understand you more than a robot is what they've claimed. But and so like till now mostly teaching assistants have been developed till now. So there was one talk on TEDx by Ashok Goyal that he developed a small assistant and then so like there are four tears. And the fifth one was called jail Watson usually like entirely built using IBM Watson and they actually didn't tell the students that it was an actual robot till the end of the entire course. So this is a small conversation and even you will be not be able to make what exactly so one of them is by the teaching assistant and the other one is not. So the left one is so yeah if you calculate the long term learning and like teaching improvements. So you'll be able to find out that probably will take more time around a decade. So I don't have the data for exactly for that to replace the interest to teaching a scenario. Also again like Dubai Dubai again has like a small prototype coming up in end of the 17 which will be assisting teacher on like teaching a repetitive task of every day. So a lot of public safety and security robots are like being deployed everywhere where you like so the entire data is being used for like predictive policing which where the like the robot will tell you exactly what can go wrong. Where before 24 hours or online algorithms also that something could go wrong probably and the accuracy is more than 90% of which has been achieved till now. Yeah. And like so night scope security robots in mountain California is actually in production right now and it has like helped a lot in a lot of cases where to find out like any sexual predators or any of the thieves. Like just on time also again in news they have said that in 2018 will be having robots assisting in the Olympics also. So hopefully we'll be able to see a lot. Yeah. This is a small prototype where actually the entire so like there are drones which takes the entire heat map of the area and it will tell you where exactly like what kind of emotions or like anger or anything is there in the general public and it will tell you that these areas are prone to like crimes. Yeah. Healthcare there have been like almost I guess three to four like breakthroughs. One of them is like finding the use of the existing drugs. So whatever we have already built can it be used for any other diseases also. So there was a request and farmer farmers which have worked on around like 15 rare diseases which like we exactly don't know what exactly the solution of those diseases could be. But they have been mapping by like seeing the cells more clearly and then mapping them to the drugs that have been built also Stanford research recently sport cancer more accurately than what humans could have done till now. And they have like so by identifying 10,000 individual traits they find out that if this cells are like developed like by this way and this could be the results. Of course you might have already seen this video. So it's also fun to just match the keyboard. The neural net tries to return something coherent from any input they give it. So this is one of the Google AI experiments. One of the like individual has developed a small duet where you like play some music on piano and it will like repeat with you. Not exactly repeat it will play a duet with you. So just I'll play again and you get the idea fun to just match the keyboard. The neural net tries to return something coherent from any input they give it. Again, two of the another two main like projects that came up one was dancing lights. So there are a lot of street plays and there are a lot of stage performance going on. But you need to have like manual people working for you who can move the lights for you. But there is a prototype where the according to the artist moments and so this isn't dancing the lights will dance. And one of the another like great tool by Stanford is to text scene.  It's like you write the text and it will convert the exit text to this any of the scenes that you tell. So if I say generate a room with a desk and a lamp it will create a room with a lamp. The good thing about this project is that if you repeat the same like commands again and again it will like it had a lot of database very big database which will create like different rooms for you. Yeah, in a good culture actually we are still missing a lot. So if you see like we are able to like detect the crop diseases but it is actually only on the basis of the images that we are getting of the crops. There has been there have been a lot of like Android applications where like the farmer can click the photos and we'll know what can go wrong what diseases it could have after probably a week or two or what exit it has right now also. But still so though we are able to like attain 99 around 99.35% accuracy like we are still a lot like back in terms of number of species will be able to find out. Also, so before three to four months there have been a lot of pilots going on where the drones could be like over around the entire area and can tell you what exactly the crop yields will be. So it was actually like very breakthrough moment because through the images it is like really hard to tell what exactly like crop yields will be and even that accuracy like we have attained till 97.5. Also, you might have seen like it is very famous video of a Japanese farmer son working on his farm where like the cucumbers come in and he has developed an entire hardware where it will sort out automatically according to the shape and all. The exact cucumber type like is going what is like what he receives. And yeah so the most important one is the social so if you see the sentiment of the people like it has it have been like like very very lot of ethical issues that what like what exactly is doing to us and but still so more than data it is just a debate so you will find it like everywhere. You will probably have like short conversation with your friends on the same. So yeah there are three most important ethical issues like what humans do can do ethically to build the AI what AI can do ethically to support us and what will be the interaction the same that this is a vicious circle and what will be the diameter of it so how this will happen. Also there have been a lot of steps by like great people Bill Gates Elon Musk that they have signed an open letter that what could be what could AI do to us and what could we do to them to like prevent like it happened right going out of control of us. Yeah also Buckman Center as well as MIT media lab have collaborated on the same like they have signed an ethics governance that this could be the steps we could follow to have the ethics on. So again there is a small help that AI has done on lip reading. So this is the online algorithm where the video goes on and so this is developed by Google where it will read the leap of the so it is even more accurate than what even we can do the one that the who is deaf so it will tell you the exact words which the like speaker does. And yeah there are small other three of two of the three I think news that I found out very very recently the one just a week or two before like Google already developed a small neural network architecture where it can store the entire short memory and long term memories also. So like using those they have some made a small robot which which have directly gone to the entire every corner of London with only his own memory. So every time like he started with a small it started with a small like zero memory and then travel through entire London and learn what exactly the map is. Yeah thank you any of the ideas that you have and what to share with people or any of the QS. Recap of the past present and future states of machine learning. Quick question states we do have to make a room. This one. Yeah so actually what happened is like there are most of the acquisition was done by two group one is Google and one is Facebook. There was one small letter from government that we could stop developing AI and they will not be issuing a lot of certificates or lots of license I would say to the new upcoming AIs. So what Google and Facebook offline did is they didn't disclose that they have already like signed a merger and acquisition with small companies and government has also increased the tax only to stop the. Going around in the public so this is so after the third one it we could have anticipated a very large peak also again but a lot of the news didn't came up. So if you see here the deals are the same a same number of deals 155 but the number of the money has decreased. So lot of lot of data was offline that's why it is written disclosed funding so then they didn't disclose lot of funding in the last quarter. So this is the second one actually and this is the third one for the smart city in what exactly I think not exactly AI not artificial intelligence application exactly. But I have seen lot of predictive like applications which are not exactly using AI till now. So it was still kind of like drawing a line around the data. Yeah, so just like small fitting line around the data but not very advanced artificial intelligence application. Any you know I think Japan might have but we are like out of news from Japan and China for like a lot of decades. We don't get lot of news from them. We might anticipate that we can get more projects from them. So is it already production? Yeah, last year. Thank you, thank you.


I mean, it's kind of how our offense is. I mean, we made the score runs by home runs. And while doing that, you can kind of strike at any point. And kind of what kind of did today, we're able to do it with Gardner, just start it off, and then me and Mickey right after that. And then how about the eighth inning? You guys flipped the script a little bit. Gardner has a double, but then a couple of key walks by you and by Voight. And then Glaver comes through with the hit. What about what you guys did in that inning? I mean, that was just great about by everybody. I mean, we were seeing a lot of pitches, and we're getting deep into counts. And when you do that, you tend to tire a pitcher out, and that's what we're able to do. No runs for the first five innings, which is the inning that Aaron Boone comes out and argues. Did he energize your team? Were you inspired by what you saw your manager do? I mean, of course, I mean, when you see a guy go back there behind home play and tell the umpire, this is where a strike is, and this is where a ball is.  I mean, because, you know, we're back there battling, and we haven't got any hits, you know, we haven't done anything together. And sometimes that stuff like that kind of unites at offense. They talk about the dog days of August. You guys are at home, you have a great record at home. How vital was it to get this win? Because you'd lost three of the last four now to some teams whose seasons aren't on the same path as yours. Oh, I mean, it's just kind of baseball. It's just kind of that kind of a time where those guys are playing well and, you know, we're kind of just on the edge. So, you know, we just got to keep fighting even when we're not playing well and try to scratch out some hits and kind of get some runs and get things going.  I mean, that's pretty much what it comes down to. We know that we're a good team and, you know, we need to win ball games to kind of just, you know, show our spots and where we're at in the standings. And I mean, we just keep pushing. I mean, that's just the way we're kind of built. I kind of thought that was funny.  So, I mean, that was kind of what we needed. That kind of thing, can Jack up a team? Yeah, definitely, yeah.


Music What? What?  I think that's a serpent or an apple. We can track all you want, but that was exactly funny, and you know what we're getting at. Oh, yeah. I don't think the best thing would work for that one. What? Hey. Hiляется.   Oh yeah. Yeah, released this once. I thought he was lying in the bed.  Oh yeah I'm sorry.