Matt here for late in sports cards ripping 10 boxes for Tom C. We have two boxes. I'm sorry, four boxes of 2023 tops finest baseball four boxes of 2023 fanatics under wraps MLB baseball jersey edition and one box of Panini one football 2022 Panini one football and one box of 2223 Panini impeccable basketball team all edition. Again, these are for Tom C. Good luck, Tom. Alright, start off with finest. Tom's doing for a huge hit here. Or two, four onion, Sosa, Vinny Pascontino, rookie green refractor to 99 and rookie Otto Jordan Groeschens. Janamia Moldechuk, first to for Morrell rookie, Suzuki, Maggie, headliners, Tatees. What is this? That is rivalries, die cut gold refractor to 50 Alvarez, auto refractor, headliners, Juan Soto, Riley green rookie, Adley rookie, Logan, Ohapi rookie, Masatake Yoshida rookie, that is Aqua shimmer 175, Kodai Senga, Bieber, Jordan, Moreno and Pasquantino and Ezekiel Tovar rookie design variation. Oranda, let's Yoshida, Devers, headliners, Cal Mitchell and Gabriel Moreno, that is rookie orange wave auto to 25.  Tovar, Tuglia, Acunha, refractor and Corbin Carroll rookie purple refractor to 250. Whit, well, it's finest Altuve, headliners Brice Harper, Yoshida rookie, Nolan Gorman rookie refractor, Cal Mitchell, Jose Altuve, Sky Blue refractor 300, Puglia, headliners Beltray, Puginami, Maggie, Morrell and Jordan Walker rookie refractor. This is Starly Martay, Green Wave auto to 99, Vet hit, the plan of hand, Siri Ruiz, Joey Votto, Green Speckle, that's the 125, Cavalli, Oswald Paraza, rookie refractor, Corbin Carroll and Francisco Alvarez, rookies, Carroll, headliners Nolan, rookie design variation, Adley Ruchman, Riley Green rookie, Wilson Contreras refractor and rookie auto, Simeon Woods Richardson, Freeman, headliners Ohtani, Manessus, box number three, world's finest Rafael Devers, Bob Oscar Colas, Bonaler rookie refractor, Josh Young rookie, Martay Anthony Volpe, Blue Aqua vapor rookie to 250, Nice and Tom, Steer, Mariano headliners and rookie design variation auto, Gabriel Moreno, Scherzer and Brian Bello or Bello, rookie blue refractor, there's Michael Harris rookie, Raleigh, Freddie Freeman, rivalries, Dai Cutt, Nolan Aranato, Aqua refractor, 199, come on let's see a huge auto here from Finest, about a super, Beatty, Kodai Senga rookie refractor, Nolan Gorman rookie, headliners Yelich, Simon Volpe, Prado, design variation and rookie auto, Alec Burleson, Contreras, Moreno, rookie refractor, Gunner Henderson rookie, Vlad headliners, all right last box of Finest, Spencer Steer, that is black and red rookie, eight of ten, Miguel Vargas, it's a black and red vapor, eight of ten, Josh Young Vargas, Gunner Henderson rookie refractor, Harper, Salvi, Kunya headliners, Bello and Michael Harris, O'Neill Cruz and we have Wander Franko and I think this is going to be a red refractor auto, the Overpeggaro rookie red refractor auto, three of five, there you go, nice one Tom, nice rookie red refractor auto, Skyblue, Trey, Gorman rookie, Volpe, rookie, Blue Aqua Vapors, 250 von Grissom, yep almost, Tatis, Gunner Henderson rookie, headliners Ripken, that's smooth, yeah, bless you, I held it in, Lenion Sosa, Rose Gold rookie, Waldo Cabrera rookie refractor, Ken Waldechuck rookie auto, Meyer and Jordan Walker rookie, Winfield and Vado, all right, let's do Panini one, we'll do the jerseys last, let's say require quite a bit of space, do Panini one and then impeccable T-Mall is precision rookie patch auto, Vilas Jones Jr, that is to 99, well not a very good one there, let's make up for it with the impeccable T-Mall box and the stars, that is rookie Johnny Davis, it's rookie red, Jada Nivey, Javelin Suggs and rookie auto to 88, Shadon Sharp, there you go Tom, nice one, 61 of 88, this is rookie patch auto, 84 of 88, Isaiah Mobley, some baseball jerseys coming up here, I think I'm just going to stand and do these, I'm going to sit down and stand up four times, good end, autograph, Mets jersey, this is a replica Mets batting practice jersey, there you go Tom, nice dot, number two, and it is Cory Seeger autographed Rangers authentic jersey, nice Nike authentic Rangers jersey, first logo man of the day right there, nice Seeger, this is Lucas Geolito, Lucas Geolito signed, that is a Nike authentic White Sox jersey, last box for you Tom, come on let's see a crazy one here, that is Zach Wheeler, autographed Nike authentic Phillies jersey, all right Tom that'll do it for your break, appreciate the purchase, we'll get these right out to you


When I was very young, there was this bully. He was obese and taller than everyone else and just generally mean-tempered and unpleasant all the time. He used to watch a lot of pro wrestling and was obviously internalizing those lessons because he threatened people with violence when he didn't get his way. I know that I made it a point to avoid him then, to avoid getting into the confrontation. And in a way, I let the bully control me, though he never once threw a punch or took my lunch money. My fear of him controlled my actions. Fear is one way that others can control us, but it's also something we can do to ourselves. We make decisions that minimize risk or conflict. And that's perfectly rational, perfectly intelligent. We don't walk down the dark alley at night. We avoid the scary looking men on the corner. We stay away from areas where bad things happen. That's prudence. But at the same time, it creates areas where we may not go. If the police were equally prudent, those alleys would stay dangerous and the criminals would control our cities. The US government has a strict no negotiation policy with terrorists. We've found over the years that capitulating to demands backed by threats of terror or violence only breeds more terror or violence. Allowing someone to control you, like that bully, may be prudent, but it also means sacrificing the freedoms we already have. So a lot of people disliked Thunderfoot's video where he burned the Quran-loaded hard drive. I understand that. It seems imprudent. It seems like a provocative act. And it seems like he's doing something to deliberately provoke someone. I think I understand where those people are coming from. It's not the kind of thing I would think to do. The more I consider it, though, the more it makes sense to me.  And he wanted the world to react to him. I have no defense for his cowardice and stupidity. But the violent reaction he sparked wasn't just outrage. It was a threat. It was bullying in its own right. Outrage Muslims demanded that people be silenced, be prevented, be restrained when it came to their holy book. I don't blame them for an emotional gut response to what they see as an offense, though I do condemn their violence and murder. But I also see a potential pitfall ahead. Prudence says that we should ignore the actions, allow the whole thing to die down, and walk away from anything provocative. But what message does that send? What happens if we fear to walk down the dark alley? Are we creating a pattern of reward for violence? Aren't we validating the approach that violent actions always influence Western nations? What the protesters want is respect for their holy book. They want everyone to treat it as sacred as they do. If we harm their book, they will harm people. So by the fear of physical harm to others, they can control our actions, limit our freedoms, make us afraid. I don't think that's acceptable, but I don't want to see retaliatory threats either. Thunderfoot seems to have come up with a solution. He's not using violence, he's not even resorting to a physical act. He's demonstrating that burning a Quran is not worth protesting over. We write and delete data from hard drives all the time. And we do it without fear of the consequences of destroying the information. This is the difference between burning a book and deleting a file. The original is easy to reproduce, the information is free and easy to obtain, and the information can't be destroyed by a single person. The madman in Florida has done nothing more than contribute to CO2 emissions and waste paper. Thunderfoot has done nothing that the Muslim world haven't done themselves on a daily basis by clearing their internet cash. He made a point that modern data isn't sacred to us, therefore it's not worth killing over. Now I don't expect everyone to participate, I don't expect everyone to understand, and I expect a lot of people will continue to complain about Thunderfoot. I think that's fine, disagreement and debate is usually a good thing. I just wanted to say I see a lot of value in a protest that does no violence, but refuses to capitulate to threats of violence. As to the actual act of burning the drive, I'm going to chalk that up to the myth buster effect. Pyrotechnics increase the educational value of any lesson by four fold. It was just a way to hold his audience's attention for an otherwise dry lesson in nonviolent resistance. The best way to deal with bullies is to stand up to them, running and fighting both encourage violence. The most appropriate response is a calm act of defiance. Thanks for watching.


Steve Perkins, I'm the Executive Director of the Vermont Historical Society, and I want to thank you all so much for coming out tonight. I can't tell you how excited I am about this room. We live with this room all the time, and to see the transformation in here over the course of a few short weeks is really quite amazing, and of course all of this transformation is spurred along by this lady here. We'll talk more about that in a little bit. As you saw in the press release or on the invitations, it said Lady of the Hills, so we're trying to think, what do we call this little installation here that talks about the three different embodiments of agriculture that we've had on the state house, or have on the state house, and landed on Lady of the Hills, because I was thinking back to that apocryphal statement that Ethan Allen made, and he said that the Lords of the Hills are not the Lords of the Valleys, so why can't we have a Lady of the Hills as well, and let's talk about our Lady of the Hills, and so hence our theme of our small exhibit here is Lady of the Hills. I certainly want to start out by thanking our members, our donors, our supporters, and tonight we want to recognize those members of our new 1838 Society. We have a brand new wall, it's directly through that door, you can go take a look at it, but it's a way of recognizing all of you that have supported the Historical Society over time, so that cumulative gift of being involved, of taking care of us, of giving us your time and your resources for years, some people 50, 16 years, that's what we're recognizing with this society, so please look for your name out on the wall, and for those of us who are in your nation, out on the wall is something to aspire to. To help fund and make this particular exhibit a possibility, possible, first I want to thank the State of Vermont, a huge resource committed by the State to help bring this room to the level that you see it now. The Pizzagalli Family Foundation has helped with this as well, and the Farm Families of Cabot Creamy Cooperative, I hope you have tried some great product out here, and their financial support has also been very welcome, and I believe we have a member of the Farm Families of Cabot, Jenny Nelson, who's going to come say a few words. Thank you. It's really an honor and a privilege to be here this afternoon to represent the 800 farms, farm families around the state and in New England, who are now Cabot, and have been for just 100 years. We've been celebrating all year long, and it's great to have this opportunity to be in this room, the smelling room, and to see our Dear Friends series. Number two. I couldn't help but want to spend just a tiny bit of time talking to you about our farm. My husband's a 7th generation farm. We have two sons who are 8th generation. We do have the 9th generation living on the farm. It's called Home Acres Farm. It's located in Rygate Corner. My husband has a brother on a fryer near and a cousin on another fryer very near, and so we call ourselves a real dairy community. When I got married to my husband on a short 47 years ago, he would go on to these meetings, and he told me I couldn't go until I was initiated and brought into the organization correctly. And he really bugged me. They wouldn't let me come into the middle of the union to look at. It was called Blue Mountain Grange. Well, I soon learned that women are held in really high esteem in the agricultural community through the Grange organization. Do you know that the first time I walked in there, there was a table at the head of the room with three what they called races. One was Pomona to represent the goddess of fruits. One was Flora to represent the Roman goddess of flowers. And in the middle was Cirrus. The goddess of greens is what they said. The goddess of all foods. But anyway, I was really kind of glad that I married a farmer. Life's never been in all sense. And I always thought, well, I'll just get everybody to drink one more glass of milk every day, and then we'll be gone. I didn't quite work that way. And farmers through the years have found that if they can't promote their dairy products, it's to all of our benefits. And we appreciate the fact that you have allowed us the opportunity to sponsor in part this celebration today. I will tell you that I was here in Montpelier in the late 60s, and Ceres was up there. Had no clue what that meant. And when I finally found out Ceres was up there, and I was married to a farmer, I can't tell you how much that meant to me that the state of her mind cared enough to put the goddess of agriculture at the top of its capitol. And I thank you for everything you have done to preserve her, to build her new again, and to keep her coming along with a new generation of farmers. Thank you very much. David, we have to follow that. So my next step here is easy in that I want to just thank a number of people who made the installation of this room possible. I'm going to start on the state of Vermont side, and I'll start with Commissioner Chris Cole. He was here earlier, had to step out for saying, yes, this is a great project. You need to move ahead with this. And absolutely, David Sheetz, the state curator, Jack Linga, who is around here somewhere, as well in David's office, both advocating for the statue needed to come here, and that the work on this room was important to the state of Vermont. Kevin Henderson, who oversees maintenance of facilities, who worked on getting the resources for this space. Gene Crockett, is Gene still here? Gene and her crew, she is a trainer for a lot of the facilities folks. They did this floor. And I was lovingly spent a full week on this floor. It was yellow. You could barely see what was in here. They took all the wax off. They polished it all down. They put new protector on it. Really made it shine. I know Gene is very proud of this floor. State of Vermont electricians who helped out. Joe Asia, Kevin White, who are still working on getting series fully installed here. And then outside of state government, Sally Fishburne, who I know is feared in the back, worked on plaster restoration for us. I believe David Gross helped her with that. And then the crew from Meeting House Restoration. Jonathan Schechtman over here, who are there, the professionals in charge of series conservation. And so thank you for that. To the Vermont Historical Society, all of this work on the room, the painting, the plaster, the floors, all finished on Monday. So we then had Monday, and we had a board meeting today. So we had Monday until last night to get all of the paintings installed, the vanners installed, the labels of the artifacts in here. And so thank you very much to Victoria Hughes and Amanda Gustin and I mean corporate especially for making that happen many, many hours. And really her fingers were wide. We felt we couldn't just move the statue pieces in here. We also had to surround it in true late 19th century splendor. And it was a great opportunity to pull paintings from the Vermont Historical Society collection and get them on view, ideally in a long-term format here in the Snelling Room. So I know most of you are here to find out what's going on here. What are we talking about? And so I've asked David Scheetz to come and talk a bit about this whole project. So last year, 2018 was, I've been here, meaning in Montpelier, working with the state house for 40 years. And I walked into this lobby in 1979 and it didn't look like this. And VHS was crammed into just the Pavilion building at that time with all the collections that mean the most to all of us down in the basement of this building, vulnerable to flood. And I think about that year because last year was without any question the most emotional year that I have had in this state. First in April of 2018 when Ceres was lifted off the dome and brought down to earth for the first time since 1938, exactly 80 years that she was up there. And then of course we went through the big dome project all of last year, but I was not prepared for the emotion and the ways of emotion that were not just in my heart and in my being, but were shared largely with all of you and the people all across this state when the new statue carved by Chris Miller, who I believe is somewhere here, and Jerry Williams, who did the model in the corner, those two sculptors brought about the new agriculture. And we're calling her agriculture again because that's what Larkin Mead called her when she was first inaugurated on top of the state house in 1859 and his statue too lasted exactly 80 years. So we're hoping for better, for series three or whoever we call her. We're hoping in fact that Chris's design and the use of mahogany and such will ensure that the new statue on top of the dome, which does look, in my humble opinion, a little more like Larkin Mead's sculpture than the series two, but you be the judge. That statue we hope will last at least 100 years. How long, Chris? 200 years. Do I care three? And she has a hollow for one thing, right, Chris? And she's made of mahogany and she goes up off the dome for periodic maintenance. These are not concepts that the two previous statues were designed for. So we're hopeful for a really long stretch, well beyond the 80 year mark that seems to be observed at this point. And yet, as soon as the original statue came down, she went into a warehouse and she's been drying out ever since. And at a certain point we realized the statue might never dry out and that's when we decided to take her head off, knowing that Dwight Weinell himself worked on the head in a separate workshop behind the state house because at 87 years old he was still the sergeant at arms. Running the building and carving in his spare time. So the head was there, the body was elsewhere, and yes, as you can see around its copper color, it does come off. So we more aggressively conserved and dried the head in the workshop of Jonathan Schechtman and Adam Krakowski. And happily they delivered, designed this wonderful pedestal that we're going to use for the remaining months before the body is reunified with the head. Because this is not the end of this story, right Steve? We plan to bring the body into this room, possibly six months, eight months, two months. Yeah, exactly, it's excellent to have goals. It may be two months, who knows, but we're going to make it possible to bring the body in by actually cutting the statue and allowing the upper two thirds to be observed here. And that will open her up so that we can remove the rot, dry her out a little more aggressively, and then put her on an armature that will hold her in place. We will in the meantime keep the significant chunk that comes off the bottom for posterity and the possibility that modern medical miracles in the future may allow us to put the entire statue right back together again and turn back the clock of time. So it's a very exciting collaboration that we have with VHS and we are thrilled to continue that collaboration with what I would submit is one of the most important projects in Vermont. The goddess has brought us all together. She will continue to reign over us forever and ever and it is a thrill to be a part of appreciating the long history of that reign. Thank you. So we promised all of you that the remarks would be brief tonight. I just wanted to give a few of the high points of what you will see in this room and then allow you the time to explore it on your own. The paintings were all selected that have particular stories or significance to the state of Vermont. Many of them are connected to very or Montpelier and a number of them connect directly to what we're displaying here in relation to the state house. There are guides to the paintings in a pocket against the back door over there. There's only four so you're going to have to share. That's draft so we'll add more if that seems to work out well. So please explore the paintings. Definitely want to point out the Gilman, James Gilman painting here from 1891. Beautiful view of the Vermont state house and you can see the red dome on the state house. So originally the dome was red in that construction. As you move through the small exhibit up here, we were very excited to get out our portrait of Ami Young. I keep calling him Ami Phillips and David keeps saying nope that's the painter Ami Young, the architect. He was the architect of the second state house and there's an image of the second state house here on the wall, low saucer dome. I mentioned that second state house because it was a tragedy of that second state house that led to our embodiment of agriculture and the state house that we have now. January of 1857 that state house, everyone here knows, burned. Almost all the interior was lost, great stories of things being thrown up the windows to save them including the copy of Gilbert's storage towards Washington that now hangs in the house chamber and many of the Vermont Historical Society collections as well as our collections were stored in the dome of that state house. A group of commissioners engaged architect, Thomas Sillaway, to design the third Vermont state house and through that design process there was the decision made that statuary needed to be a part of that. Some of the letters between one of those commissioners George Perkins Marsh and the architect and later the artist survived at UVM and there are fun reads to see what that process was for the creation of this building. I was specifically interested in the letters about the statuary and one of them in particular. So Marsh really, really wanted a number of statutes because they were trying, if he was thinking the United States Capitol, he was thinking pretty big and the architect really pushed back and he said, no, in modern parlance it's going to look dumb. You can't put that many statutes around it. How about one? Why don't we just go with one? So they ended up with one and there's a lot more to the story. There's good articles out there to read that. They ultimately chose young artists from Rattleboro, Larkin, Goldbeath to design the first statue for the state house, as he called it, the embodiment of agriculture within their letters. Statue design, as David said, installed in 1858, dedicated in 1859 and stood for 80 years. Only one fragment that we know of of that statue remains and we have it. It's right here. So we are able to represent the first statue with artifact. It's fascinating to see the paint that they used, the wood that's involved there. David was just telling me about the paint color and how that changed over time. So if you don't definitely take a look at that and understand that first statue, it's very interesting and it really launched Meade's career. He ended up getting many commissions, very famous for his work on Lincoln's tomb and the Ethan Allen statue of which a copy is on the porch here and then the heroic Ethan Allen that's in the Capitol building in the United States Capitol in Washington. So that's the first statue. I have a certain affinity, David. Maybe, maybe it's my age, I didn't know Larkin being like you did. This lady here might be 20, 20 now or maybe it's just a guy, you know. Here is an 87 year old Sergeant at Arms and at the time the Sergeant at Arms, the Sergeant at Arms took care of the building. This guy was fixing stuff and cleaning things and taking care of stuff. He had his, this is his toolbox right here which was recently given to the Roman Historical Society and kept on site and we're in the depths of the Great Depression in 1838. The legislature appropriates money to hire an artist to make a new statue and he approaches the governor and says, you know what, we don't need to spend this money. I can do this. I can just imagine that conversation. You know, I've carved a decoy or two at home. I can do a statue. So, you know, 87 years old and sets up in a workshop behind the state house using these tools carved ahead of the statue. The body was made by two workmen who worked for Dwinella in the state house. And again, I wonder how that conversation went. What kind of wood are we going to use? Well, I don't know. We've got a whole bunch of these big 2x4s. Let's nail them together. It was probably a little more complex, but that's what it's made out.  It was, it looks like an iron maiden in there. It is a lot of nails. And I think back to some of the things on my own farm and work like taking apart buildings that my grandfather built and why use one nail if you could use 50? It is held together really well. So I think there's that, that Vermont can do attitude of I can make that, I can build that. We can make do with what we have and we can put it on top of the state house and it will be beautiful and people will love it. And that's why I love this statue. And I'm really looking forward to having the rest of the body in here. It will just be beautiful to dominate the room. And I think this room where we hold all of our student programs, we have over 5,000 third and fourth graders mostly from all over the state of Vermont that visit us on an annual basis to be able to be in here to work on their understanding and their love of history, to be surrounded by these beautiful paintings and these statues. I think it's a wonderful thing that we can offer for them. So with that. Steve, could you tell them about the crown? Well the crown. Crocker was, I was so well to wrap up there Crocker. This had a crown on it. The crown which you can see in the image over here on this label was a lightning arrestor. We still have the crown. There are all individual lightning rods, numerous rods, way overkill. Lightning protectors. You need as many lightning rods as you nails the whole thing. So we kept it but we needed a curatorial decision not to include it. We liked it better visually, I think, but we now envisioned it without the crown. And also the crown had an extra foot so we really wanted to keep it. Perhaps a separate chase for the crown. So there's the crown. But with that, I will wrap it up. Please take a look. We've got some great writing. Look closely at the artifacts. Eat more food. We have lots of it. Thank you.


Today we're going to be going over all the Air Jordan set to release this month in October. We're going to be talking about styles, cuts, materials, rarity, resale prices, all the different things. So let's go ahead and get started with sneaker number one. And that's the Black Canvas Air Jordan 4. So these were set to release earlier in the month, but then they got pushed back on sneakers app and some stores did release the shoe already. So let me know down below in the comment section if you're able to get the shoe or not. And if you plan on still going after these for release drop. Now these are going to be considered to be like the Carhartt knockoff Air Jordan 4 PE sample version that comes to the public that everybody else got. And the sample collectors are going to be mad about the whole situation and all the different stuff. But at the end of the day, it's all black Air Jordan 4. You can never go wrong with it. The shoe looks like it's pretty clean and pretty nice. And I think a lot of people are going to want to have this shoe, especially saying the Black Cat Air Jordan 4 did so well. Could this potentially be a $700 sneaker? I'm not exactly sure. We shall see when the time comes. But at the end of the day, I can definitely see a lot of people are going to want to have this. So let me know how you feel about these down below in the comment section. Now let's take you to the next shoe. And that's going to be the Split Air Jordan 1 mid. These are similar to the Scarface joints. And I talked about these in the last month's update video, but apparently they got pushed back. I'm not sure there's going to be too much demand behind this sneaker. I think if you do want to get these, you're going to be able to get them for retail. You shouldn't have too much struggle. And honestly, a lot of shoes are sitting right now or a lot of shoes are selling for retail or below retail. So this might even be a sneaker that you can get for below retail. Let me know what you think about these down below in the comment section. Oh yeah. And if you didn't know by now, my name is DJ and this is the DNA show. Next up, we have the Air Jordan 11 low IE or Wood Brown. Now these look more like of just like kind of maybe a 10 or like a sale kind of color with a gray on the upper. I'm not sure exactly where all the brown is, but let me click on it and see if they got any more detailed images. OK, yeah, it's kind of got that brown undertone in the outsole as well. But either way, very clean shoe. I think this could potentially be a sneaker that sits on shelves, goes underneath retail, people are able to get it if they like it. Everybody knows the 11 low IEs, they be squeaking for some reason. I don't know reason why, but I don't know. I mean, the newer pairs, I haven't noticed it as much, but I know definitely the older ones for, you know, 10 years ago, all those previous retros that we had saw, they always be squeaking. Let me know if your 11 low IEs be squeaking. If you want a video to learn how to fix that as well, I can make a video on that. I've never made a video about that topic before. But this next one right here, the Air Jordan 3 Black and Gold. Now, these right here, these are clean. They got that vintage vibe with the cell colored midsole and the black cement Air Jordan 3 vibes all around the upper. And then the gold hits instead of the gray on the tongue, around the eye stay and the back end around the collar. So for these in particular, I heard they were supposed to be a women's release. Let me click and see real quick what these things are talking about. As of right now, retail 200 bucks, is this a women's release or a men's release or both or what's going on? It's kind of hard to tell. I thought this was a women's release only. Let me know down below in the comment section. I haven't had time to get all the information on all these sneakers. I'm just kind of scrolling on here looking and seeing. But either way, definitely a very clean shoe. I think we'll fly underneath the radar and then eventually over time, people are going to be going after these and they're going to want them. And the next thing you know, it's going to be that $350 shoe, that $400 shoe. You know, obviously the sneaker market way it is now. Everything is pretty much cheaper, right? So this is a great time to buy a lot of shoes that you really want and be able to get them at affordable prices instead of waiting until later. And the next thing you know, the shoes double the price that it was today. Next up on the list, we have the Air Jordan 1 High Metallic. These things are hideous. I don't want to spend too much time talking about this shoe because I don't really have too many good things to say. Looks like they have a satin kind of material on the upper with that fanny pack on the back. Apple bottom jeans, boots with the fur. Either way, these things are not it. $170 retail, man. Can you actually envision yourself paying $170 retail for this sneaker? Let me know down below. I mean, don't get me wrong. Buy what you like. Buy what you like. But these right here. Yeah, these ain't going to cut it, bro. Next up, we got the Air Jordan 12 Floral. Now, these look like they're going to be in a kid's size. You got that floral stitch on the backside. Give me those taxi Air Jordan 12 vibes, except for with the gold eye stays at the top.  We've seen something like this before with the royalty, something similar. But this is going to be a kid's version. I think this is cool for kids if they like it, but personally, it would not be a cop. Let me know what you think about them down below in the comments section. Also, for all these sneakers right here, I'm going to have all the details when it comes to like release dates, retail prices, style code numbers, all those different things. I'll have that all for you guys. Link down below in the description so you can go through and see them in order based off of what I was talking about. And then you can kind of find access to them, different websites and doing things like that. And if you want to see any particular how to cop videos on any of these ones, some of the little bit harder shoes to get or anything like that, let me know and I'll try to get those out for you guys as well. Now, let's take it to the next shoe right here. We got another Air Jordan 3 and this is a winter rise. Now we've seen the winter rise Jordan 4, but this is the Air Jordan 3 right here. And this has got that brown kind of tan sale kind of vibe, giving you that patchwork look like we've seen in the past with the embroidery on the front and the back end where the elephant parent normally is. I like it. I'm not mad at this shoe. I think these are solid. What's the retail price on them? That's the question. Two hundred and ten dollars. Prices are getting up there, bro. Let me know what you think about these down below in the comment section. I think it is a clean shoe. I think you can't go wrong with them. I think two ten is hefty, especially for something like this. But with the fall and the winter season time coming, I think everybody will appreciate this shoe. I think it probably will sit on shelves as well. And you'll be able to get them maybe for a discount or a sale somewhere. Could this potentially be an outlet sneaker? I don't know. Let me know down below in the comment section what you guys think about these. All right, you guys, we got to take a quick break. We're on our way to a meeting right now, so I have to make sure that they're on time. Actually, let me see what's next on the list. I can't I can't be doing this in drive. But let me I'll just see you guys in a minute. I'm going to show you when we get there a few minutes later. Now, I know you think this is what you think it is. You're probably wrong. Here you go. I'll give you guys a quick look at this shoe. I forgot we got to get back to the video. Let's just take it to the next shoe. That is the Air Jordan 1 low retro white toe. Now, for this one, I'm not really digging the color blocking that they chose on these. Red, black and white is something that we commonly see on a lot of Air Jordan sneakers. But this one right here, definitely not doing it for me. Let me know what you guys think about these down below in the comment section. Should be a pretty easy cop. Now, next up on the list might be one that a lot more people are going to be going after. Me personally, I'm not really feeling them. Maybe I need to see them in person. But as of right now, the green is throwing me off. And that's the Canyon Purple Air Jordan 4. I talked about these a few months ago. We thought they were coming out. They got pushed back and they got pushed back again, I think. And hopefully this is the last time they get pushed back and the shoe finally comes out. But these right here are also known as the poor man's Travis Scott. I hate when people use that term, but I guarantee you that's what a lot of people are going to say. The shoe is very unique. And trust me, if I put them next to each other, they are way different than each other. So I wouldn't even compare them in that same category. But again, that's a whole another topic on number conversation. Let me know what you think about these down below in the comments. Section, do you like this shoe? Are you planning on going after these? For me, I might go after them. I might not. I don't know. Maybe if I just want to see them in hand, but I don't think it's a cop for me. I'm probably going to pass on this one. Let me know what you think down below in the comments section. So we got four more sneakers left on the list, but I haven't ate all day. So I'm about to grab some food real quick and I'll be right back at you. All right, y'all. So I got my food. It is extremely hot. So I'm going to let this cool down real quick. And we're going to go over a couple more shoes while we do that. Next up right here, we have the Air Jordan 7 SE Afro Beats. These are going to be a very interesting shoe. I'm excited to see these in person and make my final decision on these. I can't tell exactly how the materials are going to be if they're going to be nice or not. Let me know what you guys think about these down below in the comments section. We know that there's been a lot of Air Jordan 7s has been coming around. It's kind of got that pattern similar to the bin 7s that we saw in the past on the back end, kind of like embossed on there and everything. So I'm interested to hear the whole backstory. I haven't done too much research on this shoe as well. So I definitely need to do some little education on it. But here's a crazy touch, typically on the back end of the shoe as well. There's like that, you know, like that V and there's a seven in there. And some people didn't know there's a seven inside the back end of that. But on these ones in particular, there's a Nike Air embroidered on the heel of the foot. So that's definitely a different touch because we're normally used to seeing out on the threes, fours, fives and sixes. And then a seven is where it stops with the Nike Air. And then you got different branding on the shoes as the models go up. I think a lot of people that get the shoe that appreciate the shoe and like it for what it is, they are going to like the shoe. I think it is definitely something different, all black outsole, black midsole. Easy to rock. You could wear this in the fall time, especially with a lot of different outfits. So I think people are going to appreciate these. I'm on the fence with it. I would say I'm leaning towards not a cop, but at the same time, it's still 50 50. So again, there's no right or wrong answer by what you like at the end of the day. But for me, that's kind of how I'm feeling about them. Let me know what you guys think about these down below in the comment section. And let's take it to the next shoe. We talked about these before, didn't we? I swear we talked about it. Maybe we don't know the Air Jordan one high. Oh, gee, starfish. So as you guys know, I'm not too big of a fan of orange colored sneakers. I do have some in my collection. Yes, but I'm very selective with the ones that I do cop just because I don't know. I've always been a Godux type of guy. So for me on these in particular, I'm not really a big fan. Any of the starfish stuff that has come out in the past or a Shatter Backboard series, any of those ones like that. I've owned all of them and every single time I give them a chance. And the next thing you know, I end up getting rid of them because I don't like them and it just doesn't really stick with me. So for me, these are definitely going to be a pass. It looks like they came correct when it comes to the materials on the shoe. Let me look around real quick. Yeah, I mean, it looks like a solid shoe, like a lot of people that like orange or the inside of the sock liner looks almost kind of like a chenille. More like, you know, kind of like a towel compared to like the more satin, smoother finish on it. But I know for me, it's going to be a pass when it comes to this shoe. Now, my food should be cooled down by right now. Let me show you guys what I got. I got a mac and cheese right here for montage. This is about to be fire.  We'll go head back to the house and finish the last couple of shoes. And then I'm going to show you guys a deeper look at these J Balvin. Oh, yeah, that's nice.  Sure. So I stopped eating cheese like a year ago. My wife is vegan. So I got the vegan mac and cheese. Their mac and cheese is fire and it's vegan. So that gives me the option to eat cheese still. So I don't really eat cheesy things that often anymore. So, you know, I'm enjoying this right now. It's been a while. All right, we got two more shoes left right here. And this next one, I think might be one of the most anticipated, at least one of the most anticipated Air Jordan's of this month. And that's going to be the Air Jordan for Midnight Navy. You just have to release at the end of the month. And I think a lot of people are going to be going after these. They're very similar to the white cement. She can't go wrong with them. It's got the Navy vibes. We've seen something similar to this before with the golf version. Different things like that. Either way, at the end of the day, I think a lot of people are going to like this shoe going to be happy campers. And I feel like they did a solid job when it comes to the materials. We shall see when we get the shoe in hand. But I know for me, for sure, this is definitely going to be a cop. I need to get these in my collection. Let me check on the back tab to see if this is Nike Air or Air Jordan. I think it's Jordan. Yeah, it's got a Jordan Jumpman on the back end of the shoe. Makes sense. Not an OG colorway. I'm not mad at that. I know a lot of people would appreciate it if it did have a Nike air on the back. But at the end of the day, I think everybody will still be happy with it. They'll still be fine. So let me know what you think about these down below in the comment section. The trophy room Air Jordan 7. Now these right here, I feel like there's going to be some type of drama. I know it's an Air Jordan 7, so it's not like the ones from the past. We've seen all the stuff. But either way, when you think about it, all the trophy room models always have a resell value. They end up going up in price. People are starting to get hip to the thing and they know that it's a limited shoe. You name it, the conversation goes on. Either way, everybody likes talking about this shoe. As soon as these were revealed, I know everybody was going crazy. I'm very iffy about the colorway. I feel like it's solid. It's cool. Gives me kind of like that Carmine vibe onto an Air Jordan 7 with more of a navy blue compared to the whites and the blacks. But either way, I think it is a clean shoe. Let's look at the pictures real quick and see a little bit more what's going on. I think there's going to be some cool details with this. Looks like that was from the Olympics back in 1992. So it commemorates things like that. It's got the signature on the back end of the heel, the gold jump man right there. Looks like some cool details on the shoe. Honestly, I think like, oh yeah, it's got the tab right there on the inside of the foot as well. 1992 right there. So I think they're going to tell a good story through the Olympics, him wearing that shoe back in 92 and all the stuff like that. But I don't know, I'm just like, is this going to be top sneaker of the year? Is this going to be another problem sneaker? You know, everything that was going on with trophy move last time and everything that happened with the ones. I'm just interested to see how it all plays out. I hope this is a pretty smooth cup. I hope the people that want to get this shoe are able to get this shoe. And please let me know what you guys think about these down below in the comment section. I would love to hear your thoughts.


I just want to show what we did last time we actually put an equivalent circuit of that all that is difference now between the earlier common source was that there is a source resistance which is not bypassed by the capacitor even for AC okay yesterday's question was asked something where where is the biasing that Rg were actually was Rg1 parallel Rg2 to the VDD and is equivalent for AC Rg is appearing okay is that clear so someone asked where is the bias so you should know that it must have been coming from the bias network okay those who are there are many people ask me what is it the word origin stand from from where it comes from okay so some parameter is in the equivalent circuit coming so from where it come from so for example a capacitance why it is there or how from where it comes okay in the circuit device side how it comes okay that was the word origin so I do not know why there was a confusion but if so please remember for the English may be different was okay so this is what we did last time we calculated the gain function last time the current voltage gain is roughly equal to RD parallel RL by RS and we said what is the advantage of this the advantage is that that none of the two parameters of the none of the two numerator denominator terms have device parameter dependence no beta no GM or whatever it is and therefore it is now even temperatures therefore it is very stable amplifier at the cost of reduction of gain okay so this is why we still use these amplifiers then we also did something about the common drain or source follower essentially the difference between the last one and this is that this there is no drain resistance RD is 0 in this case RD is 0 that is why it is common drain it is going to the ground drain is going to the ground and the output is taken at the source itself output is taken at the source and this is that source resistance RS this is additional load resistance if it is there this is that RG which is the bias equivalent resistor RG1 parallel RG2 this is your signal this is R signal or R series whatever you call as the source resistance that source word is coming common source in the signal source resistance okay and then we say we want to find the gain of this amplifier initially we assumed R0 is very large infinite we opened it then this is your RD I made it 0 that means drain is grounded so this RD even if you told I have been there it does not matter but essentially this node itself is grounded I am picking voltage at the source there is a RS and there is the external load RL okay and the please remember I am taking simplicity R0 is much larger what does technology wise it means R0 is very high two possibilities exist when R0 will be very high lambda is very small close to 0 or our IDS is very small you are operating at very small drain source current but at that case what is the risk you may have if the currents are very low what does that mean the device may not be in active mode or this may be just the age of active mode it may be closer to off state okay so to lower current is not possible and to high current will take the device out of saturation into the linear mode and therefore again we do not want to go up there okay so this is the equivalent circuit what is the advantage of by a mass over bipolar one of the interesting thing it gives you that there is no connection between gate and source okay DC current there is no DC current between gate and source because of insulator in the case of bipolar what was that base collector base emitter junction exist okay and that means IB flows both through the emitter as well as through the base this fact is not there in mass so it is much easier to evaluate because if there is a current common to two no two sides then you have a problem to hold okay so this is what we were doing last time a source follower and my word follower I said output must follow the input can you tell me what two things it should do when I say output follows input for any any such voltage or current gain or transfer gains what are the two parameters are associated with that one is the magnitude one is magnitude the other is phase okay phase so when I say output follows input it should follow in both sense what does that mean amplitude wise it should be roughly same and phase wise also it should be same that means 0 phase difference between input and output this is a major different from common source amplifier which we did what is the different phase difference there 180 degree so the first thing it will be different that it will be and therefore it is much easier because gain is unity and phase is 0 so now you can connect some inputs out to the outputs out without any great difficulty all that we must do is input resistance and output resistance should be tolerable so that we can use them as a in between buffer either say be or either say yes oh yeah yeah yeah you are right you are very I am sorry I fully apologize because you know that RS the same old this idea you are very right sorry you are correct okay actually that is how we did because then we said V in okay the next equation will come that then this V in is equal to how much this volt plus drop RS is that you what your point of view is taken care if this is not grounded then there is an issue will come VGS will be equal to V in impact okay but that is not true what what you are saying is very correct this input voltage then is an assuming R series is 0 this voltage plus this voltage is actually the V in is that correct do you understand the this no RG of course is across it so it does not have any problem across that is VGS across VGS is across RG so voltage across RG is VGS plus drop across RS must be equal to input voltage if this resistance is 0 is that okay so this his point of view very correct other than that equations will go or yours okay very good thank you okay having then all that analysis one can immediately say one can write RSL is the parallel combination of RS and RL R0 is treated infinite so GM VGS RSL upon 1 plus GM RSL and VGS is V in IG is 0 AB is GM RSL upon 1 plus GM RSL if GMR actually you need not say you an RSL we should say GM RS at least should be larger than one then one can be neglected the gain will be close to but it will always be less than one is it clear it will always be less than one because one plus something even if that quantity is much larger than one still numerator will be smaller than the denominator by small quantity if not greater so AV will be always closer to one but mean not need never reach one and since the gain is positive here what does that mean phase is 0 the same phase so output and input has gain of one means output follows input magnitude wise as well as phase wise this is therefore called source follower is that here in between equations I am not doing because I we did it please remember circuit solving is identical use this voltage equal to this this current is only flowing through this please remember R0 is only flowing through RS and RL okay that current is equal to GM VGS okay just write the equations as we did for common source and same equations similar equations can be derived yes yeah in case oh if I read somewhere it is wrong because essentially okay I think that that term should not occur this is not you are right but anyway this may not be correct but this other terms are correct okay no no it should be then V in here then you must actually replace VGS by V in in terms of please remember then I must replace VGS in terms of V in okay and then substitute V in assumption is I mean tell you RS GM RS is smaller RS is smaller drops are smaller will that this gain will come close to one otherwise this one will not be one it will be 0.95 0.93 or 0.98 maximum the value which I have calculated to show close to one so I wanted to remove things so that it becomes but in real life what she said we must solve the network as it is and get V0 by V in whatever terms you get is that correct this was done to show my only aim was to show you that is close to one so I made machines so that I can get close to one okay okay what will be the for example here is something if you have an RG and R series the VGS will be something related to that okay as we did earlier and then we must find R in an RG again as normal devices okay please look at it this solution I do not want to do it I just want to show you how do we worry about the solving a network is that clear what is the game just draw equivalent circuit put voltages as given to you and see which loops are you are getting to solve solve the two three equations if three unknowns come to unknowns two equations you should be always able to solve all parameters in terms of the other is that correct that is the technique will follow throughout the course is that okay that is the course for example even in a common source someone ask you to find this not common so this source resistance follower there is a RS here there is a R0 here and please remember that RS is the source resistance R0 is the load resist I mean output resistance and why did I show you the opposite sign drain is down and source is up please look at it drain is down and source is up common drain please look at the circuit it is a common drain is grounded so it is the opposite this from here this is current is entering the source side source from here the RS is going to the ground so RS and these two are in parallel doing RL RL is external so these two are in parallel because because this is now coming from ground to a source so the science which I use there if you see clearly it is showing upwards then this is RS how do we calculate the output resistance what is the method I suggest short or input side sources independent sources put at the output VX as the source assume IX is the current starting from here the ratio of VX by X is the output resistance we are looking into this side okay so what we do is we write we check this equivalent circuit this side I already grounded okay this side we already grounded so I get IX please remember where is VGS not this VGS is here please look at this is good this is the source is that correct output resistance is calculated where please keep looking looking at the source is that clear looking at the source this is my output so the output resistance is looking at the output side which is my output side this is my output side so I must look around is that clear source following where is the output taken from the source so the output impedance should also be seen into the source okay so if I do that which I did here the output this is my source this is my drain and this is my R0 is that okay so this is so this is doing this is current source this is our this is R0 so I write IX plus GN VGS is VX upon RS current through this VX upon R0 but VX is minus VGS 0 why this is grounded no current between any of them okay this is grounded so no current between source RG and R series so this is equal to minus VGS this is minus terminal this is plus terminal why it should be plus at the gate otherwise no current can flow VGS should be greater to make it current flow in the transistor so VGS has to be plus here minus here is that okay so if I put VX equal to minus VGS then I resolve these expressions I get R0 is VX upon R so you can see it is GM VX plus VX upon 1 upon RS plus GM can be written 1 upon 1 upon GM GM can be written as 1 upon 1 upon GM plus 1 upon RS plus 1 upon R0 what does this 3 1 upon 1 upon means the 3 are in parallel so 1 upon GM parallel RS parallel R0 are the this is the output of course here I actually converted back but otherwise these 3 resistances are in parallel that is the output resistance of a source follower can you now see is R0 very large compared to RS which one no no this is R0 will be this is R0 now oh sorry you are perfect perfect one upon GM parallel sorry no just like RS yeah you are perfect that that has to be say it is a parallel combination so 1 upon R is 1 upon R1 plus 1 upon R yeah yeah perfect for the calculation of low output resistance we should say load is outside because it is not our making it is someone else is going to connect but when I want to have a low voltage calculation I use that why because I want to know if that appears how much is I am going to actually get the output voltage is that clear but the measurement is R0 forward this device has an amplifier how much output resistance it is giving and with which it should get compared then your point of is well taken all out is parallel to RL and now we must see whether this is good enough or not good enough to change the output for the next input for the next stage is that clear to you that is exactly what we are looking how much is this about compared to the load which will be affected or not affected is that clear that is what we are really looking okay so we first find out what is the available R0 for us okay okay so this roughly finishes the source follower what else we have to do as it common source then we did common source sorry this is the X no current between these two this is grounded this must be grounded but the signs are plus minus is that okay so this potential is minus of Vgs this is 0 input is 0 no current between resistances this potential is therefore equivalent of a ground this is 0 and this is Vx but the definition is this is plus Vgs so Vx must be minus Vgs is that okay circuit wise that okay yeah I assure I am sorry you should very deep thank you very much keep doing this yeah always looking at the device side loads not external load leave it always look at inside the transistor okay always look inside the transistor okay if you someone may ask you actual output resistance as seen by the load external load then put RL parallel to that whatever it is okay RO dash you may call it and then parallel of actual load external work with this RO you have calculated this will be always in parallel but in common source the output is taken at the drain in now so we look at the drain and the output wherever here output is you look into the drain that point okay here it is in source so I looked into source is that okay always remember wherever is the output without external load whatever impedance seen there is the output resistance okay what is our actual game later we will want to do we are we are going to work on something called feedback systems and what are we trying to do there we actually want to change gains I mean we do not want to change again but they will change but we will be able to control this are in and all out that is exactly what feedback does okay and we say why other feedback feedbacks are more important for what we call stability we are not done multi stage so far and we will see what happens if there are more than two or three stages of an amplifier your first is amplifier output of that is given to the second stage amplifier output of that given to third stage amplifier maybe and stages how can we go in stages what are the maximum number of stages you can view and if there are odd stages and if there are even stages what will happen to the output input relationship that is exactly what we will do in multi stage okay and then we will see oh then it is becoming like a oscillator and not even oscillating what is the world I said what does that mean can anyone think I say it is not an oscillator but it is oscillating what does that mean oscillator is fixed frequency is that clear oscillating does not mean that it is a fix really say it is varying amplitude is varying and phase also is varying okay that is called oscillating systems what is oscillator it oscillates at one frequency that that is the difference so amplifier the different difficulty in amplifier designs is something like this when I try to make a good amplifier is start oscillating it is called unstable okay whenever I start actually design an oscillator that it should work as good this it will start giving amplification okay then we are worried it is amplifying so design is interesting that when you want to control this something goes away so control that this goes away so how do you match that is all the circuit okay here is another last configuration maybe we will do which is common gate configuration we are done common source common drain finally common gate without thinking too much you just draw this circuit and think why someone should do common gate at all this current source is given to V- this load sorry this is all D is going to be DD or this is IQ is going to minus V or call it to VSS okay it can be also 0 but I just as a generalize I say it goes to minus please remember it cannot go to plus why current direction each and a to positive potential what I say is current source direction is at the end current source is receiving V- voltage okay it can be 1 0 okay it can be also 0 but it should not be positive okay and I told you yesterday there was a query small one of the 5 periods the major thing in analog circuit which is different from digital it is all many a times are the most time dual rail 2 power supplies plus VDD minus VSS or the VSS with which is a minus of that okay this is always analog circuit uses the advantage has anyone found this what is going on why should have a 2 rail supply in the case of analog digital we do not want it because there is nothing called minus voltage detector as 0 okay so I do not want that okay but in the analog I will prefer if it is minus volt to plus volt that means 0 shifted why I say there must be some something I am getting advantage by putting 2 rails typically voltage difference may be same let us say I have 5 volt so I will put VDD 2.5 VSS minus 2.5 so the net difference is still 5 volt okay but I prefer instead of 5 to 0 which is called single power supply device circuits single power supply circuits they are also possible but our preference to then I will say instead use VDD VSS half-half or what are the difference you need not everyone half awesome there may be different values can be given okay is that okay so we like to see if not next measure first thing I will tell you why minus is advantage in analog blocks do you see any disadvantage of this having minus in the case of silicon circuits if I make on chip do you see any problem if I have this no no VTG a good one see there two power supply I have to create one is plus and one is minus either externally I must supply you minus and plus or internally I will have to create some minus by shifts something level shifter I will have to thirdly I may have another problem that I have two lines running everywhere one plus one minus in circuits and integrate circuit every micron or every nano now is of importance if I unnecessarily run power supply lines everywhere I am losing that much area I am not doing anything with them so I would actually prefer one VDD okay but still analog people say please Baba if you can give us two power supply two dual rails that is most important not that it is great advantages that I am trying to make do not think that both could be gone on your own nothing but there is still positive advantage if there is something problem of something I may give one word also reliability issue there is something happens if otherwise so think of it why we still go for minus okay no no no RS is the actual part of the capacitance is for the external load when the signal goes to the external side I want to know how much is the external load then I do not want DC to be connected at the output which is external to me okay there I do not want DC to go is that clear no here it is not so here this this CG is different from that no no no this is my device this is load actual load of the transistor this is external load so before I get external load here I want decoupled this VDD should not go to the output this VDD should not go to the output so I just decoupled it is that okay this VDD should not go to V0 so I stopped it is that okay at this point please remember there is a DC plus AC is that correct we are only calculating AC is fine but at this point both AC plus DC are available to that means on this whatever DC voltage AC is running over it and that DC I want to make it 0 so I pass through a capacitor and only AC is bypassed okay is that clear so that is what exactly what we are doing okay what is the purpose of this CG compared to this RG because whenever DC part is concerned I want this to operate but when I want AC I do not want that to be in the way I have considered in my calculations because if there is no RG this current source cannot provide that bias to you so I must show you there is an RG sitting there okay if you wish you can see the way circuit could be also looked into I saw with a sorry I mean I saw okay this is source side this is drain side and this is gate side is that correct this is source this is gate this is drain okay in a 90 degree minute I saw boom earlier circuit because I want to draw equivalent of that so just so please remember how do I draw equivalent circuits I actually see the main circuit and equivalently put the components down is that correct that is easier to do if I do something and then I start drawing 90 degree then that is why I always try to show you that the way I draw main circuit the equivalent should follow okay that is easier to draw no reason why you cannot show circuit like this you can always show like this there is absolutely correct okay but for my simplicity I always show you it he can I say input you want to give from here at this side so I input output you want to collect here this should be common gate is that okay drawing the circuit is identical only thing is 90 degree shift Karnia minus okay this is your signals and source resistance okay this is of course DC so nothing to be drawn here between source and gate is grounded please remember gate is grounded RG is bypass for this so gate is grounded source is this terminal Vgs exists between source and gate okay what should be polarity of Vgs J plus source minus this has to be always correctly drawn okay Vgs from source to drain there is a current source and how does it flow from drain to source so drain to source so this is gm times Vgs okay this is your Rd normally this is your external load which is also grounded is that okay so the equivalent circuit is that clear to how do I do why I draw this circuit like this because then I can draw this circuit almost identically done is that correct so please remember that this is not relevant per se as far as circuit and a board is concerned okay but for drawing this if you draw this you know much better how to draw equivalent we are not interested in this we are interested in this so we want to know what is it okay where yeah yeah we are right between source and drain there is a R0 right now our assumption is R0 is very high yeah absolutely no problem no no it it only proc creates problem of solving equations now you remember not only current path is this but also part in the R0 okay part in the R you are right what did I tell you in the class first day I will solve simpler problems and I will ask you higher difficult problem okay is that okay so let us do that quickly analysis now keep that circuit in front of you V in please remember V in if this is the ion current this drop plus this drop is that okay this drop and why minus sign I put because this is minus plus Vgs from here on the top it is minus Vgs so this drop minus Vgs is your V in is that okay last people is that okay this voltage is equal to this plus this okay both side go on ground okay okay from the input loop however this I in call actually I may be calling IIR I in a same is there any other source you see from here what is I in actually current in this circuit if she is her problem in and then little little different but let us say R0 is infinite that this current and this current are identical but in opposite polarity GN Vgs is entering here I in is entering here they are same currents there is no other current source here okay. So we say I I or I in maybe if I made I in call it I in everywhere okay I but I was minus GM Vgs and therefore I substitute this I in here I in is minus GM Vgs so we will is I in RSE I replace I in by GM Vgs GM RSE plus 1 into Vgs is that okay so how much is Vgs minus how much is Vgs minus V in upon 1 plus GM R is that correct so how much will be Vgs V in related if RSE is 0 they will be equal okay phase out but they will be equal by magnitude by they will be equal so that question is always there if RSE is made 0 just make RSE 0 now instead of initially doing right now you can say so generalize this okay so V0 is how much is V0 from the circuit can you tell me minus GM Vgs will pass through this is that correct my minus current is going out from here so the drop across this is minus GM Vgs RO parallel RL GM Vgs RD or not RD parallel RL Vgs I had just calculated Vgs I had just calculated is it okay third bench is it okay so Vgs is minus V in 1 plus GM RSE and B0 is minus GM Vgs RD parallel RL okay so what do I now do put this Vgs here then I have V0 in terms of V in is that current V0 in terms of V in is it okay what is the phase difference in the case of mass transistors between drain current and source current so V0 V in is that clear since the drain to source current in same direction if I input at source and color to the same side on the there they should be of the same science let us see whether it comes because it is minus here minus it may look hanging so that may become plus so V0 is minus GM RD parallel RL into minus V in upon 1 plus GM RC so the voltage gain is plus GM RD parallel RL upon 1 plus GM RC please remember once again V0 and V in are in phase so in common gate what is that we are achieved in phase outputs okay how much is the game really will be assuming RSE 0 it is still GM times RD parallel RL as normal amplifiers is that correct but what is important here where this will be used very often is this find the current gain for this I0 by I exercise all amplifiers though I did not calculate may be next some of them I will see we must calculate all four terms which are four terms I said can you tell me voltage gain current gain input resistance and output and if they are capacitance what should be new name should be input impedance and output impedance okay so we must calculate all four quantities in some cases we may do two more quantities also which can be two more in gains input current output voltage input voltage output current I0 by V in V0 by IN so 4 power trans conductance trans resistance voltage gain current gain there are four possible gains in an amplifier is that clear now at times we want to use them as a current amplifiers at times I want to use them as a voltage amplifiers at times I want to use amplifier the trans conductance amplifier and at times I want to use the trans resistance amplifiers each has a different applications then we will say one of them which dominates when so I want this kind so common gate is better or this is better or that is better which I should use for this they will be only three of this kind with of course so degeneration fourth one but any one of them should be chosen corresponding to the kind of gain maximization you are looking okay is that clear in analog what are we looking for possible gains and see whether it matches one of your four combinations okay whichever gives you better results use that for us whatever you are equivalent circuit we can always calculate anything to anything ratio of anything you tell us okay so we must evaluate all four of them and keep ready so such tables are available in books that is what all designers do are a Cali fan so which they mean a cali cali cali that is how 80% designers fail in the life actually because they never think that your condition is whether exactly same as what they wrote I0 is current through the load okay but that says the other resistance is parallel the net current at the output please remember you know she has a I think I we must honor her words we should not take this is something like this is that correct this is the output they may have a division is that correct the current output is here is that correct so you must take output at the output net current so it may divide into already it may divide into R0 it may divide many parts but the net current is I see is that okay no no no they are in parallel why should it only be there there will be three parts coming GM VGS will actually divide into three parts so the I0 is actually at the output terminal and not through the load resistance the output terminal you are you are you are very correct but let us look at it see the current in this whatever current coming from here will divide into this so this current is what is outputted from the transfer this ratio I am looking gains are always connected from the drain side voltage is everything we measure here so at the drain current coming out is how much is that correct so this is my I0 and this may divide so the net current if I put a one node here not current is essentially entering two parts what you are saying why not only this okay you calculate even for this does not matter this will be actual load current which you are looking this is also possible but when I say something I say I0 here okay yes for the in oh yeah it is called short circuit current I see okay that is another way of swing solving a circuit maybe one day I will spend on how to use only open circuit and a short circuit values that is a much easier method of solving larger circuits and I am avoiding all of them simply because in my opinion if you do this kind of analysis it never gets into an error okay that is the method I suggest you because in my opinion Christian law solving is the easiest on such systems is that clear I am not suggesting there are three more methods I can show you for example people do not use gms will use gm r0 as the output voltage sources that different ways of doing things I am showing you my simpler method to tell you that if you want to make zero error free solutions use this equivalent circuit and solve which will never get into an error is that okay for this the input resistance is Vgs by ion but I in is minus gm Vgs so Rn is 1 upon gm is that correct minus Vgs is being that is what we said gm Vgs is I in Vgs by I in is there are in so Rn is 1 upon gm how much is the output resistance output resistance method is what is the method I suggest short the input source since there is no current here this is grounded this is very small no Vgs therefore no gm Vgs so Rd is the only resistance there the R out is Rd okay Vx by Ix is Rd only how much is the gm value in transistors other than we calculated not in bipolar in the case of mass transistor what is typical value of gms order QIC by KT gm in millions man you know which 38 millivolt milliamps per volt I had so mass may get other or come over come over now so it is of the order of 10 to power minus 4 10 to power minus 5 and 4 volts is that clear so Rn 1 upon gm is of the order of 100 K Rn is of the order of 10 K to 100 K is that clear that value you should know typically of the order of 10 K to 100 K depends on the bias current you are using that it will decide on that and Rd of course is the Rd value used for biasing as well as for the load so whatever is Rd is your output is that okay so what is the advantage of common gate you saw from here the voltage gains how much was the voltage and we said gm Rd parallel Rn is that correct that was the voltage so which is like a normal amplifier but it is in phase its output resistance is low is input resistance is high is that clear what did we do by common gate the gain is like a normal amplifier it is in resistance is so relatively high and its output resistance is now controllable by me how much Rd I fix that is my R0 okay that is exactly what and it is in phase and therefore no problems of connectivity is that correct circuit can be connected directly from left to right okay that is the biggest advantage common gate gives another thing which is not showing here and we are not started which is called frequency response something else will happen for all three amplifier some may have larger bandwidth some are smaller bandwidth okay so when the bandwidth issue comes again we will have to make a choice which one to use so that is the way we will not look at it okay before we quit this area quickly I will not solve all of it there are different kinds of load I say in the case of mass amplifiers one of the mass amplifier will have okay by the way this terminology you should use their input is connected that transistor is called driver okay and the resistance is replaced by a transistor that is called load it is like a load okay this is called driver that is called load this is actually equivalent of this nothing great and nothing very big okay this is our load this is input this is my driver this is my output this is the symbol this is what we will do so how to make saturated load I say if gate is connected to drain Vgs- Vt will be always less than Vds by did by design therefore always in saturation so normally this source is when I say I shot this to get the resistance here this is like an infinite resistance here which means if this RS in a common source with source not bypassed is equivalent T so you do this analysis for this Vx by RX RX will be equal to 1 upon GM parallel R0 which one will be dominating in this this or this what I have you won a GM 1 upon GM how much will be R0 mega ohms so typically this will be always equal to 1 upon GM is that correct so equivalent replace karna kele 1 upon is that correct a shot saturated transistor load is equivalent of 1 upon GM of course if R0 is not very high then parallel whatever it comes okay but if it is R0 is very high then you can say it is almost 1 upon GM ha for us many are for us a Indian this driver act like a series resistance for this this amplifier of this transistor and says there is no current will flow because Vn is going to be 0 this is equivalent of infinite resistant TK for us watch the other why I do not say everything because I thought you should when I up a hints of the daily cook around for us okay this this is called equivalent resistance is the source of a load which is infinite I just tell her think of it why this is equivalent of an infinity this RS is tending to infinite what I am showing you is not given in a book this is what you visualize how do I visualize that means this is equivalent of that this is what I give a hints how to visualize let us go quickly on the gains of this here is very interesting equivalence of this GM VGS is the source city there is no source resistance so directly VGS is Vn GM VGS what is this ROD driver output resistance what is these two I am drawing from the same terminal this is the drain please look at it this terminal is the drain this is ground for AC so whatever this load resistance is is appearing here across to the ground is that clear is that point clear ground I those come each a fold ground each a layer okay so that is exactly what this circuit shows this is ground lower terminal is ground so GM VGS ROD 1 upon GML ROL I repeat this ROL can be larger or not larger compared to 1 upon GML check it before actually leaving or not leaving turns alternatively if you say ROD is much larger than 1 upon GMD ROL is much larger than 1 upon GM then one can show and this also I will not show you that V0 by V in is GMD or you do not have to say you remove these two RO and ROD then GM VGS passes to 1 upon GML is that clear if you open ROD and ROL this current passes through only GML is that 1 upon GML so the output resistance output voltage is 1 upon GMD upon GML okay what is GMD the transconductance of the driver to beta N dash W by a driver into the bias current IDSQ divided by GML to beta N by W IDSQ what is this IDSQ the operating which we are not sure DC bias part we are not shown that is the bias current okay so how much is the gain essentially in the case of NMOS these amplifiers under root of size of driver W by L of driver divided by W by L of loads so gain but I make a size of driver should be higher compared to the load is that okay so driver W by L is not a lot of now or load is not a lot of gain but that is how we do gain adjustment in silicon chips and NMOS amplifier on a silicon all that I will design an amplifier of this kind and change the sizes okay to get my gains is that correct do you also see interestingly here there is no device parameter device basic technology device from except W by L which is size which is controlling sizes of course can vary this also is the problem this W by L and these W by L may not be accurately put on the silicon then the actual game may not be exact but this under root may help you please remember under root reduces something but it also reduces the error that is the advantage you must look at something which is bad for you is that okay so this is called what are the other loads I can use this was NMOS enhancement mode what the other load I can use NMOS linear mode PGG logo I have already calculated R for linear circuits to put that R there 1 upon beta VGS-VT that value we know so we know what is our load for that what is the third possibility may correct depletion load it is called the R Nikola you can replace depletion loads and finally we can use P channels with N channel together and that is what CMOS inverters are all about we normally use CMOS amplifiers for full range we call it inverter if you only use the transition we say amplifier okay there is no difference between the two okay the other amplifiers please look into the book which has my name also okay okay before we quit for the day there is one interesting thing I said you earlier for a normal amplifier Omega T which is the figure of merit what is the M omega T means unity gain into bandwidth or it is called gain bandwidth okay Omega T is essentially gain bandwidth how much is that I said roughly GM by C CN or whatever equivalent okay this is what we said fair enough so what is the figure of merit I say Omega T okay so if I increase gain I reduce bandwidth if I increase bandwidth if I increase gain reduce bandwidth by increase bandwidth I reduce gain because this is fixed is that clear but that is limitation you said now essentially I said that is the maximum frequency up to which one gain at least should be seen can go beyond now this is creating a plot I want larger gain okay but I do not want bandwidth to be lost so something let us say we are not talked about right now gain versus frequency okay but what we are essentially we will see later when I showing for a open this is this is Omega T this is 0 dB this is called bodice plug which we are going to do soon okay frequency response of a gain function so whenever gain becomes unity we say it is the FT or Omega T what really I want is or it is not this is that correct what I am looking for I may have this frequency where fall occurs may be slightly reduced but the gain is higher but it should well down exactly at the same point is that correct so I want what is it called gain boosting what we did here is gain boosting but what we did not lose FT is that correct normal amplifier method I saw who is it cannot escape either we go to gain to come here jada who is I want to see can I do this mischief now or can I break this what is called as technology constraint what is constraint this is constraint I want to break this here is the circuit which does that okay please remember what the amplifier which is now going to be taught is essentially what is the going to do it it may boost the gain but will not affect FT is that correct if I do that then what I did it I have broken this technology constraint okay but some cost care they now is just roll over point a but if can I can still do that that may be still acceptable to me then I have gain boosting okay this is essentially done by an amplifier called cascode what is cascade I repeat if someone says cascade which we have to do but we are not done essentially a1 a2 a3 is ka input is ka output next ka input next ka output next ka input this is called cascade relevant range a Kpch cascading okay what is the gain in such cases a will be a1 a2 a3 is that correct in Costco but then as you boost the gain what will according to this will happen the bandwidth commotion okay now I want to see gain boost that is not losing balance okay so let us see whether different between cost remember why I showed you immediately this what is that I am achieving in Costco enhance gain is that correct here also I am enhancing the gain is that correct so enhancement of gain is my aim but in the first case I do not lose my bandwidth or I do not lose my WT but in the next next I will finally because we will start rolling down earlier and so finally it may actually become somewhere like this I do not want that to happen sorry I do not want to use that kind of things okay so cascade nahin karna jata main cascode karna okay hodatha introduce karthik next time calculate karna this bar hodaya a figure banan detain jisya aapka idea lag jaai ki main itna gap kyo maaram or why I showed you this common gate will be now visible here is the device okay another source another way of biasing mass transistor if you recollect I showed you by mirrors or what we saw last current sources so many a times bias I that okay this is also biased by current source I from this current source from where it can come from the mirror okay from the mirror okay so let us see I take a easier case first maybe I can replace transistor later P channel or N channel this is the current source IDS which is biasing the device and now I have two transistors in series first is driver and second I actually apply what we call be reference we reference is DC volt is that clear we reference is a DC bias for what create VGS for here okay which is for AC what is the terminal going this terminal ground common gate make a bullet up go gate is common to both gate is common to this gate is common to this is that we are common source lower transistor is acting like a common source call it M1 M2 for example M1 and M2 so M1 is sorry M1 is common source system but M2 is common gate is that okay actually digital circuit me is cool camp what is this called this is called transmission gate or a pass gate will logic depends on this pass gate so whatever is being will be transferred to V out when the 5 goes one if I 0 V out is the last V out is that correct there is a transistor than conduct okay this is called pass gate in digital this is what we use very often in digital here this is like now think of it if this so called M2 would not have been there this is like a normal amplifier a bias equivalent resistor RO of this series to this driver this is RO of this series to this okay so this is a normal and mass amplifier with a load of R0 now I put M2 in between so what is the way gain can be improved in this because there is no external load in the case of such circuits the gain I said you how much gain of such amplifiers are GM times are the please remember R0 is the resistance of source I mean current source okay so GM times are 0 is this is cool but I have to say I can increase by increasing sizes but if I increase sizes what will happen capacitance will go high up so the GM vice you will not improve on me okay so what I say okay I damn damn care about this but can I boost R0 please remember what I am trying I will boost R0 so that my this increases GM R0 enhances if this is R0 dash okay but GM I kept roughly same as what earlier without this with this together GM if what is the GM for this full of this delta ideas by delta VGS is still GM now to get that okay so if I maintain GM new equal to GM old what I am going to get bandwidth will be I mean WT will be affected or not affected no no area change GM is same CC so FTI fixed otherwise but what I boosted is R0 so what I boost I will boost gain so now I have broken it I improved the gain so this circuit essentially enhances the output resistance is that correct this circuit essentially enhances output resistance huge number gain times R0 this will be gain times R0 gain of this into R0 will be appearing as the new R0 okay so gain will be boosted but FT will not change is that clear the game if I change GM then I have a problem because then I have changed both okay but if I fix my GM then I do not change FT or do not change bandwidth for that matter but what I will change gains R0 but I mean cost scores enhances the output resistance without losing GM so this M2 allows what is called cost score allows you to boost the R0 of this is that correct next time we will calculate this okay


The menace of sea piracy that has bedeviled the Bonnie Port Potacott Sea route just read its ugly head again. Five persons were abducted in the early hours of Tuesday along the Bonnie River close to the federal ocean terminal on there. The officer in charge of the Myring Police, Bonnie Solomon Adini, confirmed this. He further informed that the victims were two females and three males. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hello again guys, this is Mytical from LaptopMedia and today I want to talk to you about another Mizzu smartphone. This time it's the Pro 6 model, it's a very premium solution, an iPhone lookalike, so let's see what this guy offers. You have guessed it right, this is another iPhone lookalike, but it is a very premium one. It offers aluminum unibody construction which, believe me, feels amazing. It's only 7.3 mm thick and it sits great in my hand. The display is 5.2 inches, which is slightly smaller than that of the cheaper Mizzu M3 Note, but it is nonetheless very high quality one. The resolution is 4HD and the panel uses this SuperAnoLight. As far as the pixel density is concerned, we are dealing with 423 ppi, which may not be perhaps the highest pixel density, but still it is a very good value for this price point. What is perhaps the most special thing about this display is that it's pressure sensitive. Here you can notice perhaps another Apple inspired technology. Let's say a few words about those smartphone photographers that are becoming more popular these days. On the back we are dealing with a 21 megapixel camera, which is accompanied by 10 LED flashes arranged in a circle and a ring. This is not just another simple LED flash, it's more complex and promises better pictures. On the front there is a 5 megapixel selfie camera, so that's good to know if you're one of these users who like taking selfies everywhere they go. On the inside it's important to know that there is a MediaTek Helio X25 DecaCorp processor, so you can be sure that this phone is bound to perform really smoothly. And the OS is Android 6.0, which is again not the latest, the latest is Nuget, but it is accompanied by the Meizu interface and you won't be disappointed, I'm sure. A small drawback here is the battery, perhaps they chose to go for a smaller battery so as to keep the phone as thin as possible. That's all for today my friends, I hope you liked this video, thanks for watching. Be sure to subscribe, comment, share and give us a thumbs up. Till next time, bye!


His name is Jimmy, his name is Jake, and this is the Weekly Dumb, joined by Trout and his friends. Whatever he's about. Hanging out with the fish. Frog's in a fish, we'll call it. How are you? James, I'm Will, how are you doing? We're in a lot of layers. That time of year, we got cold last week. That's stunk. Usually you wear your rangers jersey, it means you like- This isn't a rangers jersey. Oh. You don't know what this is. Okay.  Ooh, what game? I'd rather not talk about it. How was your weekend? Freezing. Five degrees. Too cold. Didn't like that. Yeah. Too cold. I tried to get you going on the cold. You stoned me, and then you were bottling your own cold. I didn't like it. Fuck, it's a cold. What happened in the sports? Freeze me. Any big news? Can you do that? Jim, it's Super Bowl week. We'll get there. And it comes a little somber start. The goat, Tom Brady, is retiring again. Again. He did a nice video himself on the beach. You know, very meta. I broke up with my ex-girlfriend, Steph, on a beach. Someone went to the beach, bottled the sand, and now they're selling it. It's up to 100K, and there's six days left on eBay. So it could be yours. Oh, it hasn't been purchased yet, so they can just back out. We'll see. So it's not actually going to get sold for 100K. Smart move by that woman. Someone's going to get stuck spending some sort of money on there. Right. She's going to win on eBay and just... Oh, but it hurts your rating. Cami. Remember when he retired last year and people like bought his the last touchdown pass he ever threw, and then they bought it for so much money. They un-retired and threw more this year. That's a bummer. Should sue. I got his first retirement last touchdown ball. Yeah.  Speaking about being too old to play. Oh. This almost a breakdown is a great one. Tell me about this almost a breakdown, Jim. Everyone's dream. 22-year-old Alicia Boykins. You're fresh. You're young. Assistant coach of the Churchland Junior Varsity Truckers girls basketball team. Good team. One of the players couldn't make the game. Right. They were short of player. So assistant coach, Alicia, she suits up. Yeah. She's blocking shots on these young girls. She scores a basket and like celebrates it. The block shots really funny.  Just like, bam, they're in trouble. They all got fired. You know, at this level if you need a body and it's like, Hey, the coach is going to play. She's not going to shoot. If you only had four. But yeah, if you have enough players, that's a problem. And then you kind of, you can't get in the mix too much. She should have been celebrating and blocking shots like that. She's in trouble. She's out. Jake, can you tell me more about the sports? The more sports brought to you by DraftKings where you can go gamble on sports. So many sports at DraftKings. Jim, I told you, it's Super Bowl week, but for every team except two, you're not in the Super Bowl every year. And so it starts becoming DraftTime. You know, I love the draft and Jim, they announced this year at the combine, you can no longer ask draft prospects if their mothers are sex workers. Oh, yeah. At the draft, they try to do all the put them in an awkward situation and see how they react. That's how you get the true merit of a man. And they've just gone way too far with it over the years that they're like, basically how rude can we beat a kids without them complaining? And now it's finally come back. Do you know what your mother does for work? My mom's retired. Oh, has she ever had a job that you were embarrassed of? Um, no.  My mom. I just lost the draft. I think that would be an inappropriate question. Margaret down. He's down to six. Yeah, but I draft that guy still because I want motherfuckers on my team. Episode NR 17. All right. Our room was clapping. Jim, Jim, let me ask you about the not sports today. Not sports is a good one. In Canada, they don't have punks to Tony Phil. They got some dipshit named Fred, this groundhog that get your own animal.  Anyway, unless Canada started this and we stole it, but either whatever. I mean, we every country can't be predicting the winter by groundhogs. Jim, it's what groundhogs do.  Anyway, their groundhog Fred Lamarmot died. The guy went to pull him out to get the weather and he was dead. They didn't check an hour. Like they didn't check the day before. This is your dream. It's hilarious.  I read up to Fred Lamarmot and I was pretty happy for that. I did not see the next word was died. Yes. Yeah. Listen to how the guy told. Listen to how the Canadian guy told the crowd.  This year, things are going to happen completely differently. There's a famous saying that goes in life. There's only one certainty. Nothing's for certain. Isn't the saying at least not America. Well, this year that has come true. It's true. It's unfortunate. I'm here to announce Fred's death. Have some compassion. In place of Fred, a group of children volunteered their services and then they're replacing Fred with Fred's successor Fred, Jr. That's a lot. That was made up on the fly. And thank God in America, it's been the same punks that Tony fill all these years. But having kids act out the groundhog's job. I'm not about that. So Fred died. Fred Lamarman. RIP. RIP. Frozen again. It's the employee of the. I like the second one. Oh yeah. Our maintenance man, Luis. Yeah, Luis is very nice and helps run the building. We got a noise complaint for playing pickleball in the office the other day and he came up and he's like, I don't expecting father. Luis, do you think they're going to call him up? Come see his face on the wall.  I got it. Oh, I think he's going to understand. That's the show. That was a weekly dump. Today's episode of the weekly dump. Dumb was brought to you by Draft King Sportsbook. The big game is finally here. Some people go to the big game parties for the chili. Others for the chips and dip. Only those in the know are there for the real action. Action that can only be found on Draft King Sportsbook. Download the Draft King Sportsbook app now. New customers use promo code DUMB, bet $5 on the big game and get $200 in bonus bets instantly. That's promo code DUMB. Only at Draft King Sportsbook. Minimum age and eligibility restrictions apply. C-show notes for details. What do they learn from that question? They just like that they get the ability to ask it. Man, they like being powerful over like 20 year old kids for 20 minutes. I can ask you anything I want right now. Irrigation. Can you ask if their dad is a sex worker? Found the loophole already. Is that an inappropriate question? Let's start a side business. Okay. Where we're the loophole police. Basically, that's what MLB should hire. Everyone gives us a game or whatever they're doing and we find the loophole. That's what we're good at. Yeah, I like that.