n that. The intention is that, at the point of delivery where the vessels are delivered to CMAL, there will be a market valuation done on the value of those vessels. That is the basis on which the financial technicalities will be made in terms of transfer of money and payments in the way in which that works in the world of ferries. You have totally confused me, Alison, because the value of the ferries that we have been told is about £70 million and the cost so far attributed to each of them is about £170 million. Are you getting £100 million back on both ferries from Ferguson Marine? That would be a matter for Mr Gray and for DJ Economy. From a transport budget perspective, we will pay for the value of the vessels as we receive them. There may be extra money, and I think that there was a meeting last week of Ferguson Marine to decide whether they were going to be on time and on budget. I have not heard the results of that yet. However, if there is extra money needed for Ferguson Marine to complete the Glen Sanox and 802, I am trying to work out which budget that is coming out of. It will not be the transport budget. It will not be the transport budget. Any idea where I should look? I would have anticipated that it would come from Mr Gray's budget. Mr Gray's budget? Who is the responsible cabinet secretary for Ferguson? He was a bit iffy, if that is where it was coming from, I would suggest last week. So anyway, Alison, I can quote you to him to say that it is coming out of his budget. Just turning then to the capital budget for ports. My question is, are Drossan harbours obviously a problem area because the pier is partially collapsed and for the 801 and 802, sorry, Glen Sanox and 802, to use the harbour we need an LNG tank and we need an extension of the key because it's too short. So is that all in the budget and will it all be done during the course of this year before Glen Sanox comes into service? Again, convener, I'll make a contribution and I might hand over to Alison again on account of the moving parts but equally just that this is a matter principally led by the Minister for Transport on a daily basis albeit I have overall responsibility. Now the investment in vessels and pier's line within the draft budget document it reflects the staging or your favourite term, the profiling of the capital that's required in any project in any financial year. The committee will know that work on the little minch ports is nearing completion and the budget that I'm proposing provides for that. Likewise there's provision for the progression of the four vessels under construction at Chymru and some additional estimates for emerging projects such as that phase one of the small vessel replacement programme that we were just talking about. In respect of Ardrossan, there's essentially two tracks of work happening concurrently. The first one is in respect of the overall development project which I know the committee will be very aware that the Minister for Transport had to take the decision to pause in 2023 and to re-look at the business case and the work on that has actually been expanded now. So the work has been undertaken, I appreciate the sensitivity of it and the importance of it and I think that's why it's important to point out that it's being overseen by a ministerial task force co-chaired by the Minister for Transport. I understand the need to progress, I understand the frustration of the communities but on the other hand it's absolutely essential that works of this size and importance are properly scoped and properly understood. Now we've had some additional operational matters on Ardrossan in the last 10 days, a couple of weeks in respect of the Irish birth. I'm being kept regularly up to date on that and I will make sure that the Minister for Transport keeps the committee up to date. Pool ports are using divers to explore the extent of the damage. There's work on going to facilitate a freight only operation from Trun in order to try and build up some capacity there but that's an overview of what are quite a lot of activities happening in Ardrossan just now and if I've missed anything, my colleagues can pick up. I appreciate all the work that's going on. I guess my question is will the LNG tank and the pier that needs to be built at Ardrossan be built in time for 801, the Glenn Sannocks to appear and it is the money in the budget? That's my bottom line question. The plan for the operation of Glenn Sannocks initially when we take control of that later this year is for it to operate from Trun and plans are under way for that operation of that vessel and most likely 802 from Trun, while works at Ardrossan are considered as the cabinet secretary's outlined. I understand that my question is therefore is the money in the budget to get the standard of work, oh the Ardrossan up to the required standard in this year's budget? There is sufficient funds in the budget for us to be continuing the consideration of the business case for the work at Ardrossan which the cabinet secretary's already outlined. My mouth is just sort of recovering from dropping on to the table. I can't believe we ordered these ferries in 2000 and whenever it was 15 we knew what they were going to require. We knew they were 102 metres long. We knew they needed LNG in that day and yet we are wherever we are 2004 a long way down the line and we're still talking about a business case for their improvements to the report to the port that's needed where they'll be using. I'm completely shell shot by that. Can I come back on just a couple of points? First of all this is a really complex engineering exercise involving multiple partners with different interests and that is what has resulted in the need to re-evaluate the business case for Ardrossan. Similarly we are in a completely different financial position than we were back in whenever the dates were that you've just outlined there as well so it's beholding on us to make the right decisions for the whole of the ferry network so while there may be ebbs and flows and where ports and harbours infrastructure improvements need to be made it's right that we take the opportunity to spend and invest the money where we can. I hear that cabinet secretary my comment to you is simply they were to be delivered in 2017, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and now 24 and we still haven't got the harbours ready for it and it doesn't appear that we're in a position to have the harbours ready for it for a long time to come because we're just doing the business case. Can you see why people may be frustrated by that or maybe it's just me because I've been looking at ferries for seven years and I seem to have understood the problems better than other people have cabinet secretary? No I do understand convener first of all I mean I would say harbour we're talking singular here when we're talking about Ardrossan and you know Alison's clarification about Glen Sannocks and Trun is helpful. The only thing I can do is to again just never allow us to minimise the complexity of these issues and I think the need to look again at the business case for Ardrossan and then to find when we're doing that that that piece of work itself needs to be expanded speaks to the complexity and speaks to the number of actors that are involved as Alison described but you know from my perspective from a political cabinet secretary since I am very keen as ever that progress is made on all of this as quickly as possible. Oh well I hope the business case for Ardrossan finally lets 801 and 802 work from it because it's been a long time coming. Anyway Douglas I think you've got some questions on yes you've got a couple of questions. Yes I do have some questions I was just going to quick follow-up on that though so in terms of the harbour infrastructure was one thing but in terms of the LNG infrastructure is there anything in the budget to support LNG for the vessels once they're launched? At Trun? Anywhere? So yes there is money in the budget to support the LNG supply for 801 and 802 at Trun. So the LNG tanks and things that is all? No you're getting into a level of detail now that's probably beyond me. I suspect that there are not tanks but if you would like a fuller explanation of the way in which those vessels will be fuelled I'd be happy to. That would be helpful thank you and I'll move on to my other questions and moving on to HEATS in buildings cabinet secretary. So the Scottish Government estimated that 1.4 billion investment is needed in heat networks by 2027 so can you update us on the level of spending that has been awarded via the Scottish heat network fund so far and how likely do you think it is that the commitment to spend 300 million by March 2026 will be met? Thank you for the question. I'll try and answer it in two parts and if you just give me a second when I move to the second part to find the line in my book on the heat networks fund. First of all just for an overview of heat buildings I am pleased with the funding we've managed to secure in the coming well in draft in the coming year. It's 358.2 million which essentially will allow us to maintain our schemes in the coming year. This is part of a wider commitment to spend 1.8 by the end of the Parliament and will mean that by the end of 2425 around 1.3 billion should have been invested and again I stress that I'm very pleased about this because I see this as being one of the principal means by which we make progress on a heavily greenhouse gas dependent part of our economy. Now if you just bear with me very briefly, convener, I will find, I have a note of all my heat and buildings project lines and I can find Scotland's heat network fund, is that the original commitment of 3 million, 300 million sorry, to March 2026. We have 25 million drafted into the budget for the coming year. Achievements to date we've funded the extension to Aberdeen City Council's Tory heat networks which is decarburising homes under recovered waste heat from a new energy from waste facility. That's just an example of some of what we've done to date. I think in respect of that, the full commitment. Much like a lot of the work in heat and buildings actually, the uptake is increasing and I expect that this was always expected to be one where it would be bagloaded as it were. On to the next question, in terms of where the demand might grow, it's obviously the deadlines passed for local authorities to publish their local heat and energy efficiency strategies and so can you reflect on the role that the strategies will play in that heat decarbonisation because I would imagine they will highlight where a lot of the funding will be required? Yeah and again I might come to Kersti if she's anything to add and you'll have to apologise. I have 10 or so individual schemes across the heat and buildings work but my understanding of the heat network fund is about offering that variety of financing mechanisms including grants, repayable assistance and loans to provide Taylor support to public and private sector organisations so not limited I wouldn't say to the work of local authorities in respect of their local heat and energy efficiency strategies but Kersti if I am missing the point on any of that please do let me know. I'll maybe add a couple of points so just one point on your first question around progress on heat networks so in addition to the capital spend we work with heat network developers on pre-capital spend so we have supported 23 capital projects on their sort of pre-investment work as part of this so it really is progressing it is you know still to some extent early days for heat networks but provided significant amounts of support. On your second point on local heat and energy efficiency strategies you're right I believe it's 11 of the local authorities have finalised their heat local heat and energy efficiency strategies we are expecting the remainder to have completed them by the end of this financial year and they set out the areas that are looking likely and probable and beneficial for heat network development they then work with heat network developers and the plan is then to develop specific heat network zones at the end of that process and that should be be clear by the time we get regulations in on decarbonisation as I'm sure will come to. Okay just for clarity then you said 11 had been finalised so obviously 21 haven't were they not all meant to be finalised by the end of the calendar year? Yeah no so they are late they are late but we expect them to be to be finalised by the end of the financial year so three months late. So is there any feedback from local authorities widely is there a to have a problem with funding or what's to hold up? It's perfectly understandable that you should ask that we and it's obviously something that we keep a close eye on the local authorities who were unable to have published by December they cited delays in recruiting staff the need to undertake meaningful engagement with the local community as I think we would expect in a project like this and the capacity of specialist consultants that they relied on to produce the strategies so different local authorities have there's been a disparity in access and ability to manage those things but as Kirsty says 11 done and the rest expected in the coming months and can maybe just tell us is it is it rural authorities that have been struggling or urban or? Let me check that okay let me check I expect it's a mix and there are certainly some front runners but again for clarity and for the precision the committee needs I'll come back to you. Does it bring any alarm bells that they've been late in delivering the strategy that that's going to obviously cause a knock-on effect actually us moving forward and decarbonise on all our homes? Well look I obviously would prefer that every local authority had met the deadline but equally I understand how all of the capacity constraints that I listed can affect project like this and how different local authorities have different capacities to take it on but really we are only talking a matter of months as I say I expect them all by the end of the financial year. Okay thank you, thank you. Miss Lumsden always helps if you look the other way when you want to ask a string of questions so I can't interrupt you. We are running short of time so I would encourage members to keep them as short as possible but I'm going to go to the deputy convener Ben. Thank you just a brief supplementary heating our buildings in an energy efficient and environmentally friendly ways obviously one of the biggest challenges for meeting our targets most people in Scotland live in urban constituencies like the one I represent and I'm pleased to see from the government while there's a determination to move as quickly as practically possible there is also an understanding in the consultation that's currently live that this will take time. The biggest challenge that people face in my constituency is when they live in what's called pre-1919 tenements where general maintenance and repair is something that is difficult to action and achieve under the Tenement Scotland Act 2004. There are similar challenges in factored properties under the property factoring act of 2011. There is some work that this parliament has undertaken under the tenement maintenance working group that I initiated and has been brilliantly taken for by Gino Simpson and colleagues in recent years and I just want to make sure cabinet secretary that as well as the considerations that Mr Harvey is undertaking and Mr McLean are undertaking that this is also on your radar because currently the law commission is undertaking a project around owners associations making the mandatory and consideration of sinking funds if we do not enable the thousands of tenement owners of which I should declare an interest. I am one who live in these pre-1919 tenements. We're not going to meet these targets. This law is crucial. It's hard law. It's rightly being considered in a patient way but we need to get it right and I just wondered if you had any comment on that. Yeah absolutely. I'm smiling slightly Mr McPherson because I'm considering how both you and I will be drawing on our commercial legal practice and training in all of this. So yeah absolutely. I suppose in respect of the heating buildings programme on the one hand I recognise how important it is vital in fact to decarbonising and how vital that mission alone is but also on the other hand how it has to be realistic, it has to be affordable, it has to be pragmatic. It must be capable of reflecting the varieties of our housing stock and tenemental properties is one very important aspect of that. So are rural properties that will require a huge amount more to make energy efficient than a relatively newer build. I suppose I just want to give you a guarantee that despite the importance of the work, despite the fact that it has to happen across the board, I am determined that there will be a recognition of the different challenges that we'll face across different types of housing. Thank you. Thanks Ben, I'm Monica. I think you've got a quick question followed. I think then we'll go back to Ben as well so Monica first. Yeah I promise it'll be quick and straight forward. I did refer to SEPA earlier on so I'm coming back to that. Cabinet Secretary, you referred to a small increase in SEPA's budget. How do you anticipate that will be used? So it's a 7% increase on 23-24 and I'm pleased to note that it is an increase for the second concurrent year. I should also put on the record that as I'm stressing the increase in funding to both the environment bodies in my portfolio, I also have an expectation of public sector reform in respect of them both and I think that SEPA's digital transformation is both a response to the need for that and also recovery from the cyber attack. In terms of what I expect it to be used for, well principally in relation to the two core functions of SEPA, firstly environmental regulation and secondly flood risk management. And just one final question, convener, if you'll indulge, because that's a helpful answer Cabinet Secretary. Do you expect to see SEPA taking more enforcement action under that banner of reform and being more agile? I would certainly encourage agility but whether or not to take enforcement action is a matter for for SEPA and the experts there. Okay, there have been concerns that there's maybe been a lack of enforcement action possibly due to resource and capacity functions, but is that something that you would recognise? As with all public bodies, whilst I will not give my view on their decisions as regards enforcement, what I will do is set out my expectations for delivery and as I say, that first and foremost role for environmental regulation and the fullest application of that is certainly along with flood risk management are the two priorities that I would stress. Okay, I think it is linked to the earlier points that we discussed around polluter pays principles. I just wondered if there's opportunities coming there. Thank you, convener. I think it's something we can take up with SEPA when we next meet them. I'm going to go to Ben Netsville for his final question. Thank you, convener. Lastly, cabinet secretary, with regard to the circular economy that Scotland has already begun enhancing and of course we have considered the circular economy bill at stage one over recent months and there's been the recent publication of the circular economy roadmap. I just wondered if you had any reflections at this juncture. I appreciate the Government responding to the committee's stage one report in the months ahead, but I think it's important to reflect on where the waste in Scotland can be tackled in the construction sector, which is a significant aspect of our, sorry, creator of our waste as a nation. Were there any further considerations around that that the cabinet secretary might want to reflect on? And also just ahead of going into the next stages of that bill, whether there's anything that you want to share with the committee. Thank you for the open question. I realise it was a very open question and thank you for acknowledging it. It doesn't mean you've got an open amount of time, so I would ask you to be as focused as possible. Well, in that vein, convener, I suppose my reflections to date on the work of the circular economy bill and the waste roadmap, which I know you're looking very closely on, is that it's the culmination of years of work, extensive engagement and I think one of the most exciting, two of the exciting things that I think it's going to do is one, look again at our targets for recycling and waste generally in the context of the climate emergency, because I'm conscious that some of our targets predate the confirmation of the emergency in around 2019. And I have lost my train of thought with what the second thing that it was going to do is, so I apologise, I should probably end it there. Do you want to push on any of that, or are you? No, I've lost my train of thought. People have indicated that they want questions. One is Graham Simpson and the other is Douglas Lumsden. So I'm going to go with Graham and let you ask your questions and if you take too long, you will of course protrude Douglas, your colleague, from answering questions. So it's on your head, Graham. Well, thank you very much. While people are falling apart around me, I'll try to do my best. I just want to go back on the issue of ferries, which you've already been asked about. Now, Ardrossan, the port at Ardrossan, the fact is this has been delayed because there's been no agreement with the owners of the port on who pays for what and what should be done. That's the fact, isn't it? The number of actors involved in the complexity is one of the factors that Alison and I have both laid out, yes. So is it the case then that we may end up in a situation where Ardrossan is not used permanently? Absolutely, no decision has been taken on that and it would be wrong of me to pre-empt the work of the task force and the business case review. No decision, therefore, it's a possibility. Where there's no decision, that's all I can say. Now, on the small ferries replacement programme, which the convener asked about, the funding for that has been delayed. Is the reason for that delay in order to allow the Ferguson's yard to compete for that work? I don't recognise that characterisation. So that's a no. I mean, I think we pointed earlier to the fact that delays or by any other name is about ensuring that the funding is available to match the pace and the development of the project within any financial year. And I think, as Alison pointed out, we have business cases, they are being reviewed and there's funding within the budget for when that progresses. I'll ask you about something else now. Again, you've already been asked about this. The capital budget for SBT, which has gone down to zero. That impacts on a number of projects, the central subway modernisation project. It leaves a black hole in the Lanark public transport interchange. You'll know that well, cabinet secretary. And an even bigger black hole, £1.8 million in the hairmires park and ride interchange, which is part of the East Kilbride rail enhancement project mentioned in your major capital update, which we've just had. So these are all vital projects. Given that Alison Irvin told us earlier that the numbers were changing right up until the last minute it sounded to me when you set your budget, is there any possibility that the numbers could change again and that you could find some money to go towards these vital projects? Thank you for the question. I should just say for the first response that I discount the comment about Lanark. It's very important that I do not take decisions in my government role, which has any bearing whatsoever on my constituency. I have already rehearsed the need for all public bodies to operate as efficiently as possible. The use of reserves are part of that and that conversations are on-going between Transport Scotland and SPT about those reserves, what they may have been previously earmarked for and whether that can be adjusted in light of the financial settlement. However, as I say, provision of the running of our transport network has been a priority of mine and to the extent that that appears that it could be undermined. I'm committed to working with SPT on that. I'm not asking about reserves, I'm asking about whether there could be extra money. Given that we've only got draft budgets, so draft budgets can change, is it your view that more money should be found between now and the point where we finalise the budget for those projects, which are absolutely essential if we want to get people using public transport? I've already answered that question because, as I've said, it's my view and the DFM has made that point as well, that reserves should be utilised for delivery of projects, including, but not limited to, some of the ones that Mr Simpson has narrated. However, I reiterate to the extent that those discussions about reserves mean that there would be an impact on the running of services. I will continue to discuss that with SPT. In the interests of time, I'll just ask you one more thing, and it's not about SPT. We've got the fair fairs review, which is due to see that, I think, in the next couple of weeks. Have you budgeted for any, and we're not asking you to reveal what's in it, but there might be stuff, I would hope, that things like capping bus fares, for instance, something I've been pushing for. Is there any money in the budget for measures like that? That's a perfectly reasonable question. You're right, the transport minister intends to publish it shortly. It's a broad document, and there are recommendations within it that will take a number of years for some of them to complete. To the extent that budget is required this year to take them forward, that's something that I will look to provide, and there will be budget required in future years for some of the interventions. Should they be agreed? Okay, that's interesting. I'll leave it there. Thank you very much. Now, I know there's two members who want to ask questions, and because Graham was, say, concise in his questions that we still have run out of time, so I'm going to ask the two members if we'll submit those through a written questions to the cabinet secretary. I'm afraid we are out of time on this session. And I'd like to thank you, cabinet secretary, and your officials. I think you've been here for about, well, nearly three hours' worth of questioning, so quite a long session. So thank you and your officials for being here, and that concludes our part of the public meeting, and we're now going to move into private session. Thank you.


Tired out from a strenuous weekend? Get a little too much sunburn? Want to get away from it all? We offer you escape! You are stealthily stalking into a silent desert fortress walking into what you know may be a trap Around you stand a legion of dead men and over you an unseen menace hangs in the African night Escape! Designed to free you from the four walls of today for a half hour of high adventure Tonight we escape to Africa to the Sahara to an earlier day and one of the greatest adventure mysteries of all time Perceful Christopher Wren's Bogyest The report had been brought to my headquarters in Tokotu three days before And I'd had the squadron on horse and ready to leave within 10 minutes We'd be no continuous forced march ever since The camel scout had reported that the Zindan of outpost was under attack from a force of at least 2000 Arabs And that the tiny garrison had little chance of survival As we came up to the last crest of sand dunes shutting off our view of the lonely mud fort I ordered my sergeant major to dismount the men in form skirmish lines while I rode on a head to reconnoiter At the top of the ridge I reigned in my horse and sat staring in amazement Over the 200 yards of bare sand stretching up to the walls of the fort Nothing moved There was no sound no sign of life The oasis after my left was deserted The Arabs were gone And the draggler of France still waved overhead It was then two shots of work who were fired from the fort And the bullets kicked up spats of dust off to one side of me I rode in under the walls and stopped in front of the tall wooden gate I could see now that every gonslet above me was manned by a grim-faced legionnaire Holding his rifle leveled and ready Congratulations, mes amis! Who else can I have proud to salute you? Kanda! Why so grim, you are victorious! Inform your commandant that I'm major of the Spahis awaits his pleasure Legionnaire!   Is there anything in order, mon commandant? I'm not sure Lugle, sound the regimental call Do not answer, mon officier Believe me, sergeant, when I get inside this fort... Look, mon capitain, the man over the gate, he has been shot in the forehead Shock! He blew your rights, sergeant, he's dead! And they went next to him, old sergeant Come along this wall, they are all dead! Impossible! Then who fared the shots when I rode up? Sergeant, get a volunteer Have him climb up the wall and open this gate from the inside If you will pardon me, mon commandant Yes, I will volunteer Huh? All right, Lugle, go ahead Oui, mon commandant Sergeant, this could be a trap However, the men take open order at 50 yards and wait And watch the gonslets there along the wall And wait, we did Five minutes Ten The men began to look at one another And just stir uneasily The fort was silent Nothing moved Fifteen minutes pass The gate was not opened And the bugler did not come back Finally, my sergeant and I climbed the wall ourselves We researched the eerie outpost Room by room But we could find a way But we could find no sign of our bugler Nor of any other living soul The bodies of the entire garrison Were on the battle ramp at the top of the wall Their heads and shoulders jammed grotesquely Into the gonslets where someone had robbed them While their dead hands clutched the rifles They would never fire again Only two bodies were not so pleased One was that of a light-haired young man Who lay peacefully on his back His hands crossed over the rifle wound And the other body This one was the commandant See, he was a gold star So he does, sergeant But he also wears a French bayonet in his heart He was murdered by one of his own men Rifles fired from an empty fort The bugler has disappeared I do not like this place How in the name of heaven did they stab him His revolver is still in his right hand And in the other A scrap of paper Perhaps the paper explains all of this Perhaps to the eye-commissioner of Scottingyard I hereby confess Fully and freely that I and I alone Stole the great sapphire Known as Blue Water Signed Borgeste What's this all about? What does this mean? Mon commandant, these things are impossible But they have happened They do not make sense Why don't we not go outside? This was not to be the end of it Shortly after dark a tongue of flame Flared suddenly in the heart of the salient fort And in a matter of moments the whole interior Was ablaze Throwing a great pillar of fire-rop Into the black desert night We sat and watched it burn There was nothing else to do And as I stared at the leaping flames Kindled by some unseen and unknown hand I realized suddenly That neither I Nor any man alive would ever know What strange things Had really happened Here at the lonely fort Of Zindaneuf My name is John Geste And I am the only person alive Who knows all that happened At Zindaneuf My two brothers and I grew up At Brandenabers south of London Beau was the oldest Ben Digbet And finally myself two years younger I can remember very little of those Days as I look back Except that we were happy As only young boys can be We read thrilling tales of the French Foreign Legion, sailed toy boats on the Pound and gave flaming viking funerals For the tin soldiers who fell in our battles Burning them on funeral pyres of Kindlingwood with toy dogs And horses to their feet While Digbet blew taps on his trumpet Our only queen Was cool and lovely Aunt Patricia With whom we lived Her husband Sir Hector was seldom in England And if the hurt in Aunt Patricia's eyes Grew deeper with the years Why the great estate fell slowly into ruin Then we children knew nothing of it There were the two girls, of course Our cousins Only girls didn't count at that age But those days are far away now And gone forever And I can remember clearly Only that one last night When the three of us came home from Oxford Our cousins were there And we were all together for the holidays Was on that night The story of Zindana Rarely began We finished dinner and played games For a while Now we just sat in the library talking Gradually our attention became Focused more and more on the small Black setting box Standing in the centre of the table Please Aunt Patricia, can't we open the case now And look at it, you've had it sitting there Now, where, Claudia, dear I thought you always liked to draw out the suspense As long as possible I must say I agree with her, Aunt Patricia Why, Beau, you do Come on, let's have our semi-annual look At the family jewel, shall we? Well, all right then I should have my trumpet and blow a fanfare There we are Ladies and gentlemen, one of the six Largest and most perfect sapphires in the world The blue water Rather, and I've seen it All my life Oh no It's nice to look at, Beau, but when you touch it It always feels cold Would you like to juggle a stone worth 50,000 pounds? I think I'll just look for a wild dig After all, it was heaven to the lads It must be a fuse, Burden will have them Back on again in a minute Please, don't move about and bump into things I'm quite sure everything will be all right in a moment Sort of ghostly Makes you think of skeleton hands Hey, Claudia, you're among friends, you know I could swear I felt something touch me I can't understand why Burden did... Oh, there we are Not a soul got lost in the dark We're probably all... Patricia, look Please, ladies and gentlemen And I think all of us are Who decided to play this joke? The sapphire's gone Next hour became a nightmare None of us present would admit having taken the sapphire And if the thing had been done as a joke Then already it had been carried too far Our Patricia went to bed finally Telling us that the library would be left open all night So the prankster Which we're not using the word thief Could return the blue water to its case in secret The rest have us drifted off to our rooms Then an hour before midnight Digged me came in to tell me quietly That our brother Beau had packed a bag And left Brandon Abbas Turned out my light and said in the darkness Listening to the ticking of the clock I was not surprised When two hours after midnight I heard a sound below my window I looked out to see Digby Slipping off down the drive I was fairly certain that neither of my brothers Had stolen the sapphire But I understood what they were doing Gallant as always, Beau had run away To draw suspicion from those innocent ones Who might be hurt And Digby had followed In order to split up the search for Beau I could only guess where they'd gone But long before dawn I decided where I must go And what I had to do And so it was that five days later I walked into the Fort Therese Into the recruit barracks of the French foreign legion In Algeria And if they refer to this cattle barn as a barracks Heaven knows what they open Digby, look who just came in the door Good Lord Beau It's John, youngster, come here Digby, Beau Digby, Beau I'd have waited ten to one I'd find you in the lead just a few Brainless young idiot, both of you Why, what's wrong, Beau? Oh, Beau wanted to be the only noble one in the family John, pay no attention to him Well, there was no need for all of us running away After all, I stole the blue water Don't fairly say how you could have Beau Since I brought it with me Oh, you didn't did you I've had that sapphire all the time And if either of you would like to take a look at it I wonder who did steal it What's the difference? It's driven all three of us into the foreign legion now We've been in for five years, whether we like it or not Fine, what do we do? We haven't done anything yet, it's supposed to be some kind of an inspection in a minute You know, you shouldn't have come, either of you But, well, I'm I'm glad you're both here Thanks, Beau, so am I I can't say exactly what we're into Oh, Lord Oh, Lord Well, what is it, a man or a gorilla?    Yes, sir Yes, sir That's much better Recruits report in full Get to the parade ground in ten minutes Get out and clean up this pigsty Yes, miss If anybody want him I'll sell my share Five years of that He's not even human Well, he's part of the Legion lads And after all they didn't ask us to come over here And join did they? If you will pardon me gentlemen I would like to take the liberty of introducing myself Francisco Blondard at your service Well, the Smith brothers Monsieur Blondard This is my third enlistment With the Legion so I know what I am saying And I can tell you may as well For you have started off on the wrong foot You should not have antagonized him How did you antagonize the good sergeant Monsieur Blondard? Well, who knows Perhaps your hands were too clean But no matter For now you have Francisco Blondard As your advisor We are honored I stand in very well with Sergeant Lejeune There are reasons For the other contacts too I know all the ins and outs of this business And I can be most useful To anyone who has something Very valuable to hide These men here They are all thieves of course Good heavens, not really There is no time to talk now But after drill we will meet in the canteen For a bottle of wine And I think we shall become Very good friends Au revoir mes amis Au revoir Well, chaps, I can't quite see Mr. Oil is one of our close friends He overheard us talking about the sapphire of course Yeah, between him and thousands of soldiers Hey, senor, pay no attention to me Pretend that I'm only polishing this boot But listen carefully Do not trust that that man Blondin He's a thief, a liar He's a little bloodhound who works for sergeant Lejeune When you wish to know something You come to me, Juan Taiyo I will take good care of you I'll bet you would at that Soon we find the chance to talk I, Juan Taiyo, will fix everything Do not let anyone steal it I go now You'll be very gale Well, along with Lejeune We now have a bunch of thieves Who will probably try to steal the sapphire Oh, come along, lads Let's find out how they march in the Legion And march we did Hours in the curling sun and the dust Day after day We wondered how much worse it would be on the desert We grew hard and tough And we learned the ways of the Legion And the ways of the Legionnaires Some we liked and some we hated But either way we learned to live with them Talk with them, drink with them We became soldiers, Legionnaires We longed for active duty And we got it even sooner than we hoped Down the road Down the road Down the road Marched out of city Belabest to the south And we learned how beastly cruel the desert is Look how far broke out the second week That madness that comes When the brain is cooked by the sun And men became gibbering idiots and died At Tugur some of them were detached And sent to Tokur too for cavalry training Among them my brother Digby And the rest of us marched on Two days later our commandant Went mad and shot himself And the detachment's command passed To Sergeant Legion And southward we marched to the last Southern outpost straight into the mouth of hell The fort at Zindanof If we'd hoped for action We didn't find it at Zindanof Day after day went by with no sight Of the Arab forces Nothing but eternal sentry duty And each dull day was like the one before In full command now Lejeune became more brittle than ever And the men glowered and growled At their breath and whispered together in small groups In a month the fort was seething Under the surface with madness Hate, but even worse Off duty for the moment Bo and I were sitting at the oasis And talking one afternoon But we heard someone coming toward us Across the sand Uh-oh, hold on to your watch, Johnny Here comes that little weasel, Guantio What a sir, isn't he? Oh, little puppy, goodbye No, no, no, no, no, I must talk with you You should know what is going to happen Must be good, it couldn't be any worse You, of course, know the legionnaire named Schwartz The one who was once a butcher I know him, what about him?   But we were not forced To wait any longer than that same night I was awaiting an hour before Dorned by someone whispering in my ear It was Lejeune And he held a pistol in his hand If you make one sound, I shall blow Your brains out, follow me I followed him quietly out of the Beddock room with its roses sleeping men And we stood beside the oil lamp that burned In the casserole I've been informed of a plot to mutiny And I've been told that you and your brother Have not joined it Do you understand? Yes, sir You will go back in there and wake your brother While I keep you covered from the door I have two rifles here Your brother will take one of them And kill any man who tries to leave his bed You will take the other and come with me We are going to disarm the guard Whatever you say, mon commandant We left Bowen guard at the Beddock room door And made our way through the sleeping fort Up the ladder to the battle ramp Everything is very quiet What a pire, mon commandant I have just ordered the sentry into the guard house And the arsenal is locked Bien bien, go down to the gutters And take their guns, tell them Two rifles are covering the door And any man who steps into the light Will be shot We stood there on the ramp Our rifles into the square of light in the doorway And we waited I watched the first gray light of dawn Filter over the walls I played with it I was given no chance to find out Lejeune, look, outside the fort Arabs, thousands We are under attack Blondin, turn at the guard Open the arsenal and pass at the gun Buehler, sound us out Okay, the little pigs are theirs They're blue, but they'll find before they're done It's Lejeune, they're fighting Come on, soldier Fire the gun The men streamed up the ladders onto the ramp Loading the rifles as they ran They were soldiers, first and last Lejeuners, and in the face of battle All thoughts of the mutiny were swept aside Through the hole of that long, hot day We fought the Arab mob Met their fierce charges Reloaded smoking guns And fought them off again All through the night the snipers crept in Close and poured deadly fire Into the gun slits And slowly but surely Garrison melted away Lejeun was everywhere Cursing and firing specials Grabbing bodies as they fell And jamming them back into the ramparts So the Arabs could have no way of knowing how few we were As the ghastly night Due to a close Only four of us were left Bueh and I, Lejeun and Blondin And before dawn Blondin was gone And then, as the first red rays of the sun Swept over the sand Bueh! Bueh! Never mind soldier, get below And bring up a pile of soup The devil seemed to be letting up for the moment But my brother perhaps is only wounded I said get below, I'll take care of him I propped my rifle against the wall and went down the ladder But the bottom must start suddenly Lejeun would take care of him He was not going to take care of Bueh The way he did the others By making a grotesque dummy out of his dead body I climbed back up to the ramp Lejeun was bending over Bueh's body He turned up in his tunic and was pouring out Some papers he'd taken from it I thought I'd send you below You bishly thief!  There's no reason why I should not shoot you You have disobeyed orders I have no need of you now I sent off a runner When I heard of the mutiny There should be a relief force here in an hour or two Perhaps Two or three bullets in the stomach Would be... Take it! I punched forward with my bayonet out of its cabinet And I drove it into his house Nice work, Johnny I'm glad I could help Bo, then you're alright, you weren't dead That's what you think, youngster Deliver those letters Be sure Confessions mean Well, like Be sure The gambit of the letters Closed his eyes He crossed his hands over his chest There's nothing else to do Then I filled a knapsack with bread, water, and ammunition Prepared to slip out of the dead fort That moment an officer in the relief force Run over the ridge to the north I wasn't sure whether the yellows were still in ambush As I fired two shots to warn him Then slid over the wall on the far side And sprinted for the nearest sand dune A hundred yards away I must have dropped there and fallen asleep immediately When I woke up it was dark And the moon was just rising behind the black walls of the fort And even as I watched it A tongue of flame shot up And in a moment the whole interior of the fort was ablaze But why? Why was the relief force burning into the earth? Just then the figure of a man slid over the wall Nearest to me and came running in my direction I braced my rifle Halt, you're covered! Oh, hello old boy I thought you'd be out here somewhere Digby, how did you get here? I was bugled with the relief force, Johnny They sent me to open the gate, I hid instead Things were pretty rough Fairly so Digby, they killed Bo Yes, I know, I saw it Did you start the fire? Bo always wanted a viking funeral I had to give it to him, you know Yes, I remember The sheets poured lamp oil around It was the best I could do He'd have liked it, Digby I didn't have a horse or a spear But I did find a dog to burn at his feet A dog? Yes, Johnny, a dirty rotten dog I found on the battle ramp It used to call itself Lejeune What came afterwards? How we fled southward for many weary miles across the desert Fort Bend, it's dark and thirsty All those things matter very little now It's a farce to say that the day did come And I sat once again In the great library at Brandenevers In the same room where it all began On that other night, long before And I told the story to Aunt Patricia Well, it was all so completely horrible And so useless, John Why did Bo steal the sapphire? Why did he have to do such a thing? I couldn't say Aunt Patricia So useless I have a letter for you I have a letter for you I haven't opened it, of course Please do so at once, John Very well Read it to me She says My beloved Aunt Patricia If I may still call you that When you read this I should be dead I took the blue water, of course Or rather the imitation Which you had made After you sold the real stone Oh, yes Aunt I knew about that You wanted the money for the tenants On the estate I approve But I also knew how much You feared Sir Hector would find out I thought that stealing it Might help you If I was wrong I only hope that you may forgive me Oh, dearest Bo For my part I remain affectionately As always Your own Bogest Escape is produced and directed By Norman McDonnell And tonight brought you Bogest By PC Wren Adapted for radio by Les Crutchfield Featuring Barry Kroger Wilms Herbert Jane Avello and Ben Wright With Ramsey Hill Lillian Bayef and Peggy Weber Music was conceived by Lucian Marowak And conducted by Wilbur Hatch Roy Rowan speaking This is CBS The Columbia Broadcasting System


Okay, so I've been told to start, so I think I want to start, turn this off. Bonjour, this is Colin Leggera from France, from Nantes Universités, and I'm going to talk about a new object on the map. The new object is called the Unitwin Network on Open Education. And even if I'm the only person presenting, actually there's a whole bunch of people and you'll see their names and even their pictures appear in a little moment. So, Unitwin Network of Open Education and UNESCO, this means that it is an object that is created under the auspices of the UNESCO. So what are all these Unitwin networks? Well, the Unitwin networks are actually the big brother of the Unitwin chairs. So UNESCO has got things called UNESCO chairs. There's a couple of UNESCO chairs in the conference in this moment working on Open Education. And when you put a number of UNESCO chairs together, you obtain a Unitwin network. So the program of Unitwin has been successful for the past, I think, 40 years now. And there's about 800 chairs in the world and there's about 100 networks. And the thing you want to know is, perhaps what you don't want to know is that these networks are not funded. So they actually got the prestige of UNESCO without getting the money that could be associated. But anyhow, the idea is that in 2022, during last year's Open Education Global, a number of us were approached by UNESCO saying, we would like you to actually build one of these networks. So why would UNESCO want that? Well, we know that in 2019 UNESCO got the different countries to adopt the recommendation. And even if the recommendation is a successful object, as Cable was explaining today, there's still work to be done over the world to actually get everybody to realize it. So the idea was to put a number of UNESCO chairs, there were about 10 of us there, and say, OK, can you build this network? So why? Well, to be able to support the UNESCO initiatives related with Open Education resources and Open Education, to also think about the Open Education Research Agenda. There's been a bit about this in the conference. We've heard it in the GOGN talks, but we've heard it's also in separate talks where people say, you know, this is perhaps the moment where we want to move a little bit faster with the Research Agenda. So this is one of the things we want to do. We also want to raise funds. We also heard a bit about this in Cable's talk this morning. And we need to support the development of Open Education everywhere. So one of the things hidden behind this is that in certain cases, UNESCO chairs come in handy in a country to help develop Open Education. And we are thinking through this network to convince people in different countries to also go for UNESCO chairs and therefore have an even larger network. So the title is perhaps a little bit exaggerated. Why does the world need this? The world doesn't need this, of course. But why would you want another object when you've already got a number of objects in the setting of Open Education? So the reasons are, well, one of the ones I've just said earlier, we think that we have to work now on research because of question of maturity. So at one point you're actually doing things, and the other moment you need your researchers, whether they're researching in the social sciences or in the sciences, or in this moment artificial intelligence to work in the field. So we want to push that agenda. We also believe that cooperation is, in many cases, at least around research is monolingual, and we want to try and promote multilingualism. This is going to be one of the key questions of this network. North-South is an issue for UNESCO, but for a lot of people at this conference, so we'll continue with that. And yes, Open Educational Resources was what was on the table. That was what UNESCO adopted in 2019 for a number of reasons. One of the reasons was that actually you could have in a solid way most of the countries in the world agreeing on saying, yeah, we're prepared to do this. Whereas if you talked about the issues of open education with a lot of, I wouldn't say controversial questions there, but at least questions that would interrogate a lot of things in different systems, the world wasn't quite ready for a recommendation on open education at that point. So we think it's where we should be going now. And there is a specific link we want to make between open education and social justice. Okay, so this is the network. This is the map. I was hoping I was trying to ask to the map the other way around and put South America at the top. But this is the best we got. So anyhow, you can see in Brown some countries. I'm just trying to show that it's global because we do have New Zealand down at the bottom there somewhere. And we've got countries in South America, North America, in Africa, and in Europe. And if you count Lebanon, Lebanon saves us and allows us to say that we're present in Asia. It doesn't mean we're that good all over the planet, but it is global in that sense. So I'm going to do a quick presentation. I mean, just so you see who these guys are and also understand what UNESCO chairs actually do. So here are pictures of these people. So Rory, who's around, who could be around in the room, he's not in the room, but we heard him speak here and he's clearly the Canadian chair on open education. And we've heard him talk about the questions relating to AI but relating also to the blockchain and to macro credentials, that was his talk yesterday. I've just seen Marisol in the room over there. So it comes from Mexico, where they've got a hugely active chair on a number of topics, both on social sciences side but also on technology-linked questions. Brazil is not present here. At least Telemiel isn't present. But there's also a very strong chair which has been doing a lot of things for the UNESCO for a very long time. I think it's the oldest one of the UNESCO chairs on open education. Perhaps even older than Rory's, which is to show. The only UCL-led republic is represented. I mean, the ex-chair is here, but there are people representing the chair here. So this is interesting. We've got a bit of South America and again we can find technology involved in that chair. La Université de Rabar, Morocco. So this is not a UNESCO chair. This is another organization which is called ISESCO which is more closer to an Islamic organization. And they've just started a new chair on open education and they're tremendously active in that part of the world. Even if you'll see less of them in the English-speaking conferences, perhaps. So, UNIR in Spain. Daniel Burgos is named here. A lot of people have seen here. And he's also in this network. Not University. That's me when I didn't forget to cut my hair. This is University, born in Germany. So they're my friends from Germany. They're Christian Schrecker. And they're also active very much in the computing areas. Here's I'm Stefan Institute. Slovenia. Richard Ramon, he used to come very often to this conference. So, again, the people who are involved in this community have been involved for a while. And Michin is, well, he's also known for his work on trying to apply artificial intelligence in the context of this. He was in charge of the video lectures platform which was one of the most successful platforms for videos at some point for open videos. IRKI is a new player in the case of artificial intelligence and UNESCO. And so they are part of the network. Université de sous Tunisien. So Liliane, she was at Open Education Global last year. And she's also tremendously interested and active in all our questions. Notre Dame in Lebanon. And this is Fauzi Baroud, who runs all sorts of things in that part of the world. We've got two universities from Cape Town. The first one is represented by Glenda Cox. I think there was a talk by Glenda Cox but she wasn't giving the talk in one of the rooms just half an hour ago, so she's also clearly involved in our community. And another chair in South Africa, this time it's in the UNISA, and Mimpine, she's very interesting for us because when we're thinking about open education from the north point of view, she's an eye-opener. She's actually really much more interested in how open education gets out of universities, gets out of schools and plays a role in the city or plays roles in the society and with communities. So I think that's another direction in which we'll be wanting to go thanks to a sort of a broader, more global approach. And New Zealand appears twice once because the Open Education Resource Foundation is part of the network. And the second one, because the actual university in New Zealand, Tepe Kunga, is also part of it with Wayne McIntosh there. So I've shown you 16, so why 16? Well, actually UNESCO said we were allowed up to 15. So we pushed it a little bit. Okay, what are the goals here? So the goals is open education in the sense that open educational resources plus open educational practices plus free and open source software. It's a combination of a bit all these three objects that we're hoping to move. And we obviously, and this should remind you of the talk, the keynote we had this morning, thinking how can open education allow for a better sharing of knowledge? That's the sort of questions, overarching questions we're interested in. And the second overarching question is how necessary is open education to achieve some form of social justice? Okay, so we had defined when we actually had to present this to UNESCO, we defined the 10 objectives, go through them quickly. I mean, we're still as an objective, you know, phase-only something. This is what we want to do. So community-building, which is logical. I mean, it's part of what we should try to do. But not just in the 15 universities or the 16 organizations as I showed before. We have to go in a broader sense and outside our own countries. In a way, UNESCO chairs play a strong role in the countries in which they are. They, you know, in many places, UNESCO is an important, or at least it's, you know, it's something that matters. So we're able to use that to move the agenda in our own countries. But the question is, can we sort of use this UNESCO brand, this UNESCO label, to move it in the countries that don't have UNESCO chairs? So this is what we're going to try and do with, of course, forces on the ground. It doesn't mean that we, the UNESCO chairs, they're the countries. But people who are thinking, you know, we could have some help, we need some help. I mean, if you're asking for money help, we won't be able to help.  We can pay for the trip, but then we might be able to force a meeting with somebody to get the agenda rolling, that sort of thing. So we have to, of course, cooperate closely with UNESCO and get the people there. So, research, what are the sort of things we need to do in research? Well, we want to, we want to actually do research and circulate research. So we have the feeling that it's not that easy to find research material. A lot of the material research material in our field is strangely enough inside some books that belong to editors and you have to actually pay to access them. I don't know why we're in this strategy of publishing in, you know, collections with chapters that then you have to pay a very, very strong price to read research on open education. So in Cable's talk this morning, I think we are quite guilty of not doing it the right way ourselves. So we want to engage in shared research programs and have some mentoring activities that we do have in our teams, people who can help with this. We hope to do that. And yeah, there's a link to be done and again, we saw things about this this morning between open science and open education. So I'm not going to talk about which are exactly the themes of research we're interested in, but if you look at the words here, the first theme is saying, what is education of tomorrow? How is the open education agenda going to be moving towards education of tomorrow? And this of course brings us into the role of artificial intelligence, but perhaps other technologies like blockchain also. How do these things influence the futures of education? So that's one of the themes. The capacity building to, as an object of research, sort of how does open education change the relationships between the people, between the teachers, between the teachers and the students, and try and sort of examine what is happening there. And the third question is around the social justice, is in what sense does open education, we all say it's very important to keep the prices low and this is allowing people to actually access education. We need more evidence about this and it's probably different in between the different countries and so we want to see why does it work when it works and what conditions, what are the conditions that are necessary for this to work. So there's of course a focus on education where we think that there's a number of courses, but we also need courses on open education itself, so we've heard about some of these in the rooms here, but if you're in a university and you want to train your teachers or if you want to train your librarians or your educator, whoever you want to train, it's not that easy to get a whole of material that you can use. We've been doing some, we have to actually make this shareable in a way we can say look, we can certify we know that this works, you should be able to try it. Okay, and then we want to do some education, some curricula and academic research to understand what is working and what is not. So then there's two more, so let's say research and education are the two normal things you would expect in a network or an open education to work about. There's two other ones. So one of them is software where we think that there is software out there that should be used in order to better share what we're doing because software and computers and digitalization obviously matters a lot, so we want to be careful about this. So there are two questions there that we have at least identified to try and work on this and we're hoping also to be able to offer proposed entry points for people to come and download suites of material, of free and open software that they can use here. And I think I had another one before that so I don't know where it's gone to. Okay, never mind. Right, so conclusions and what happens next at this point we'll have time to perhaps answer some questions. So conclusions on what happens next so first is saying that I'm presenting something that I had to also authorisation to UNESCO am I allowed to talk about this? We don't have a single paper saying that we've got the network so the answer is they said yes please go ahead and we're not very good at administration and it takes time and it's going to take also a lot of time to actually sign things so you have to understand that in comparison to other more open networks this one is one which is very heavily constrained by signatures and things of that sort it's a bit of the let's say it's the downside of such an object. The second way is saying that the network has assets but they're already and we have to acknowledge this a lot of our associations and groups out there that are already working in open education so the first thing we're trying to do is reassure everybody saying we're not coming here as a predicate to try to sort of pick anybody's place we just think that the assets we have is a small group of UNESCO chairs and trying to use the UNESCO labels to favour this with different techniques and with different ideas could be of help right but we're obviously open for discussion with absolutely every stakeholder there are and this is what we've been doing these days well yesterday at least in networking and we'll continue there doing today and tomorrow. Talk to people and say you know if your group is interested in collaborating we're still going to have to find you know our speed here but we are open for discussions. The third point is an important one it's perhaps to remind you that open education is very important for UNESCO. In September there was the Digital Learning Week in Paris and it was four days of conference which is one of the big conference on the question of digital education with a lot of key people a lot of ministers a lot of education specialists and out of those four days two days were on the effects of artificial intelligence and two days were on the effects of open platforms. So how important open platforms were for the futures of education. The problem with UNESCO is that they don't necessarily always use the word open they might use shared platforms or common platforms or other terms so even terms for which they have fought so hard to actually bring into the agenda the correct words then for some reason they may not always use but it is important really important for UNESCO which means that it's good to have them in let's say the common cause or in the common battles we're all welcoming out with and yes as we're saying in certain countries UNESCO doesn't really matter because there's a lot of other organizations a lot of other groups like reminding people in some countries where education is complicated to organize and the Ministry of Education is perhaps spending most of its time just trying to make sure there's one teacher in front of each pupil in those cases well UNESCO plays a bit a role of the Ministry of Education that we have in our rich countries a place where you're thinking about the futures you start considering what your policies are going to be so all that is going to be done at UNESCO level so that's why it also helps us very much to keep UNESCO into these discussion point four is a joke it's not a joke it's important but we were obviously open for funding opportunities if people say well why don't you I mean we'll take this into account so point five well this is the moment where I just say we're starting now we're going to start doing actions try and get into into activities going and the real thing is next year you know you'll be able to say have you done anything in the first year so I hope we will we have said something yes not just we managed to sign the contracts that would be disappointing if that was the only thing we've done so we're hoping to have achieved things that we'll see you in one year's time to tell you what we've done and point six is that is now later on in the evening tomorrow at any moment we're open to discuss with absolutely everybody we still have to invent a way to involve other people because it looks like a very small closed group it is the way UNESCO asks us to set it but we know that there are other people who would like to discuss to do similar things and we just have to be very inventive there to be able to actually do this thank you I believe this time for questions oh yeah is that your question or is that we have started we've started there are bigger organizations the thing is when it was one of the questions cable got this morning where people were saying going for funding when you're little is more difficult than going for funding when you're big so we hope that's correct so we are a bit bigger and we're hoping we'll be able to get some funding from this we've started I mean even if it's not signed the first thing we worked on this summer was already starting writing our first grant applications hi Colin I have a question here I know it's hard to see up there so my question is is UNESCO would they be willing to consider adding chairs so I feel like there are many many nations with many many great academics and scholars that are not represented in this group so would they be willing to add some UNESCO chairs so I obviously can't speak for UNESCO I have speaking with UNESCO and I can interpret what I've understood so the way you add new chairs is every country has got a national UNESCO organization and they have to are supposed to filter the applications and each country is only allowed to come with two so each country will come with two proposals including the renewals so it's hard work to actually get through but the message for UNESCO is that open education is so important that if one country arrives with three and the third one is one for open education then it will actually get past the two barrier so that's the first thing and so then the second thing is one of the things we can do as an organization we've all gone through the rotor of actually depositing a chair application whatever so we can help people go through the it's not just the paperwork but actually understanding how it works sometimes people get very disappointed when they find out there's no money they're thinking you know how do you want me to actually write an application for something so complicated without saying and I want so much money it's worse UNESCO for your application to be accepted you have to come and say oh by the way we have got money so you have to already have a project running with things happening for that to work but it is it is possible I mean if you're showing that there's energy if you're showing the things are happening UNESCO tends to to show a lot of interest in in letting you through well Colin can you say a few words about the extent to which the network will work together as opposed to like each of you autonomously doing your thing and is there some way for those of us that are interested in the work that you're doing to follow what's being done and see what each of you are doing so that's a good question we haven't quite got that yet so we're working with the OER foundation to find out if we're actually going to use their platforms and we don't have to invent a new platform to actually keep people informed I should say not university has been generous enough to actually appoint somebody you know called Solene right to actually play the role for the logistics and to help run this thing and not let somebody hopeless like me do it right so this is all this is going to be we're working the right way to find out yes we'd be on social I suppose on social media and make sure we tell people the interesting thing is when we're going to actually want people to collaborate with us and we're going to put things on the table to be able to collaborate and so then how do we work as a group of 16 is it going to be you know make sure that things are happening on each continent that's going to be very important but we also want to make sure that different languages are taking into account I think it's clearly something that we have to work on and if possibly that the different languages are taking into account but in the same network not in different networks okay I think we stopped there then we've got a network


Once you expose and then begin to resist a lie of the enemy, it's at this point that ungodly thought patterns will show resistance. You see, deceptions are self-defending. Within each deception is a set of backup lies that prevent you from even beginning to pursue truth. So, the moment the truth is presented, the deceptive thought pattern will present another lie to deter you from embracing the truth. For example, the lies that lead the temptation might look like this. Primary lie. This sin will fulfill you. The truth? Truth fulfillment is only found in God. Backup lie. But why live holy now? You're eventually going to fall into sin again anyway. You see, no matter the stronghold it's possible that you'll have to combat a series of lies in order to break through to believe in the truth. That's why you have to make up your mind ahead of time to commit to truth. You must have a serious determination to side with truth. For more on spiritual warfare, get Holy Spirit The Bondage Breaker at bondagebreaker.com.


This breakdown is brought to you by DraftKings. And I'm going to show you first what makes Gallon a good pitcher. I did a video when he struck out Freddie Freeman showing you how much he plays off that high fastball, also the low fastball. His fastball doesn't have a ton of movement. It's a four seam fastball. It's also not incredibly fast. It's under 95 miles per hour. So what he has to do is hit his location. And he does in this pitch. I'm going out of order, but I'm showing you what works for Gallon. It's a low fastball.  But then you get another one, and the ump doesn't call it a strike. And he's like, ah, I wanted it. Does another one. Boom swings through it. 3-2. Now he goes high fastball, high and in. It's a really nice location there. That's a really nice location on the righty. Up and in fastball when you've been working down in the count. 3-2 again, and now he's going to throw the slider off of the fastball. And he gets an unbalanced swing and a pop out. Now here's another at bat where he got the out. He opens him up with a curveball or a slider. I don't know what he calls that. But it's a big breaker and then a change-up. Kind of dead center, but it's got movement. And it's got the batter off balance. And so these are the three pitches. And you can see everything plays off that high fastball or low fastball. But you need to establish the fastball to make the secondary pitches work. And you need to hit your spots with the fastball. Now unfortunately, in this game against the Phillies, the first game of the NLCS, his first pitch is a fastball, middle, middle, 92 miles per hour. And Schwerber is going to crush that and ride the wave, ride the horse, ride something, ride everything. Yeah, you got to be up in the zone. You got to be down. Especially the first fastball he's seen, you can't make that 92 dead center. Schwerber almost looks like, really dude? I wanted a challenge. Like, don't be giving me BP first pitch. You can see the four seam grip. And you can see it just spinning, spinning right into the sweet spot for Schwerber. Who's been insane? You cannot make mistakes to the Phillies right now. Harper comes up, 93 mile per hour fastball. They wanted that a little higher. It's also the first pitch of the at bat. You got to really place that well. You can't go this fastball and misplace it. He's 31 years old. It's his birthday. It's his fourth home run of the postseason. He's counting on his fingers. He's blowing out the candles. He's the coolest kid around. His teammate's going to dapp him up. Oh, super bad. Yeah, he's a bad man. Look at that pitch again, right there. Thank you very much. Gallon's not even getting the chance to work in his off speed because his first pitch fastballs aren't great. Now, to Nick Castellanos in the second inning, he opens him up, slide her away. Doesn't get a chase. So then he's going to go, it's probably a curve and gets a big ol' swing. Castellanos, big ol' swing. So he's probably thinking, OK, now I've set him up to throw the fastball. But I don't know why he didn't just throw that pitch again, because he goes fastball in its middle of the plate outside. Castellanos goes the other way with it. Another home run. What did I say? What did Trey say? What did he say? His son's going nuts in the crowd. Let's go. And yeah, you cannot throw pitches that juicy in the zone to the Phillies right now. Here's a fun overlay of both pitches to Schwerber and Castellanos. And yeah, they're both just sitting right there for them. And they both go to right field.  And visually, I thought it looked very pretty. I was like, that's cool. Took me like an hour to do that. So I hope you guys think, wow, good use of your time, Jimmy. Really good use of your time. I enjoyed it. It's pretty. If you could comment that below, it would do wonders for me. Thank you very much for tuning in. This one was brought to you by DraftKings. And I thank DraftKings for sponsoring the breakdowns as much as I thank you guys for watching and enjoying them. And if you would like to subscribe to the channel to see all the breakdowns, I appreciate that as well.


Hi this is Frank Conniff and welcome to Frank Conniff's America. I'm here today at Mount Vernon, the new home of Liberty, the Thanksgiving turkey who was pardoned by President Obama. Liberty how are you doing? It's the day after Thanksgiving and my giblets are inside of me and not you. So I take it you're relieved. By all rights I should be traveling through the lower intestines of a Green Bay Packers fan. Instead I've been plucked from certain death in order to spend my golden years living a life of grace and comfort at Mount Vernon, the home of President George Washington. The view here is magnificent. Let's walk down to the Potomac River my good man. General Washington in one of his letters about Mount Vernon said, no estate in united america is more pleasantly situated than this. Well I didn't know turkeys could read. Actually books on tape. So tell me about your visit to the White House. It was a delight to think that a humble bird, a domestic turkey, would meet the leader of the free world and walk away with his wattles intact. Ah it sends a chill through my tail feathers. I do see them shaking.  Sorry so tell me a little more about your visit. Well the White House is lovely this time of year festooned with seasonal decorations. As for President Obama he is a real gentleman though he acted a touch perturbed when I asked for a cigarette. You smoke? How do you think they make smoked turkey? Pack a chest of fields a day unfiltered. Oh nothing compares to an H Uppman cigar from Havana. You wouldn't happen to have one would you? No that doesn't sound very healthy. And neither is being bred in captivity for the sole purpose of being slaughtered. But in any case I was pardoned for that as well as the other stuff. Other stuff? Turkey things. Nothing important and the convictions would have been overturned given time. Look at the Potomac spread out before us. See how serenely it flows toward the Chesapeake Bay. You have a criminal record? The evidence was rigged by Scheisters. Project Innocence is going to take up my cause. Project Innocence do they usually handle murder cases? Usually. Are you feeling well sir? You look a tad pale. I'm fine. What were you convicted of? It was all a misunderstanding. The bodies of those Guatemalan day laborers were too decomposed for positive identification. As for the tales of injecting them with tryptophan to induce comas for a ritualized bloodletting, that was just nonsense in the media. Must have missed that story. Oh look what we have here. This building is a working reproduction of George Washington's distillery. Would you care to come inside? I kind of prefer it out here. Nonsense don't be so contrary. My first life had a contrary streak. And look what happened to her. What did happen to her? Now come inside Lattie. Is it okay if I walk behind you? As you wish, but back to my case. The prosecution was riddled with demonstrable errors, including the withholding of evidence, suborn testimony. Sure is dark in here. If you look you can see these casks, which are attached to the copper pipes where George Washington distilled his own whiskey. Mount Vernon possessed the largest distillery in 18th century America. Alcohol has often been my downfall. Under its influence, I have done many things I have since regretted. Sorted, dark, detestable things. Look, it's been great talking to you, but I gotta go. Even with the presidential pardon, my life span will only be a year or so. It's the curse of being bred to be overweight. Gluttony, followed by early death, is my fate. It makes a turkey care less about the consequences of his actions. What? Well, this has been Frank Conniff with Frank Conniff's America. Hey, this door is locked. What's going on? Ow! Stop that! Hey, stop! You're hurting me! Ow! Ow! Stop!


Dear students, from today we are starting a new series of lectures or modules on networks. So previously we were discussing operating system and now we will start discussing in number of modules about the networks. You know that when different computers communicate with each other they can form a network. And there are different types of networks and how that kind of network can be classified we will learn in this module. So one of the classification of network could be area wise. So for example there could be a personal area network, local area network, metropolitan area network and wide area network. And these are abbreviated as PEN, LEN, MAN and WEN. So we will be discussing each and every kind of such systems and network classification in a little bit more detail. So what about personal area network? These are short range communications less than a few meter. For example you might have experienced a wireless headset which you wear with your smartphone. So you do not connect any cable with your smartphone and you are wearing a Wi-Fi kind of headset. Similarly you can also form a network under the category of PEN, personal area network when wireless mouse is installed on computer and used. So for example you might have seen that there are certain mouse available which do not need any cable. So they are even connected with a Wi-Fi. So such kind of small ranged networks are examples of personal area network. And then local area network is a collection of computers in a single building. So for example computers in university campus, some manufacturing plant. So there is a building, huge building. So in that building whatever computers are connected, so all of such computers are categorized as connected in LAN, local area network to form a local area network. And then metropolitan area network MAN is basically network of intermediate size, some comprising of local community. So for example digital network based surveillance system of a city. So the whole city is basically being viewed or watched by the surveillance team and all of the cameras are connected together to form a network. And then for example parking system interconnected across the whole city. So such a community if connected form MAN. And then wide area network is basically links machine over a greater distance in neighboring cities. So for example you are connecting different cities together and connection using the internet. So we will learn it in the next slides what is internet. So this was one of the classification that is based on the area. And then there is another classification that is based on open versus closed connections network connections. So for example open network is networks internal operation is based on design data in the public domain. For example the internet which is used by the public. And there could be some close networks. So for example those innovations owned and controlled by a particular entity. For example some individual or a corporation or some security agencies. So who have formed their own very dedicated and close network. So anyone from outside that network cannot enter and if and if that user enters that is an unauthorized access. Then there is another type of network classification based on the topology topology mean that how the computers are connected together. So for example there could be number of computers who are connected with one line. There could be another way that for example one computer is serving as the main and then all other computers are connected to that particular central focal point. As we discussed in the start of the modules about client and server kind of architecture where different terminals were accessing the same server. So there are basically two types mainly which we will be discussing here bus and start apologies. Here is a little bit better visualization of these topologies. So in bus we have multiple computers and those computers are connected through this one line and this was popular in 1990s when implemented in standard as Ethernet. And then the start apology where here is a main computer maybe it's a server or some focal point computer and all other computers are connected with this access point or computer. This is also sometime called an access point and it has roots in 1970s when one focal point computer and many terminals were available. So if we summarize today's module we have learned about network classification based on the area based on the open and closed access and based on the topologies in the form how the computers are connected together to form a network.