First question is from Nitin McKinlay. What are the effects of low-carb diets on hormones? Oh, this is a good question. Now, if a low-carb diet improves your health, oftentimes it'll balance out your hormones in better ways, right? Poor health leads to hormone imbalances, and then the hormone imbalances also lead to worse health, so it's kind of like it keeps getting worse. Good health typically leads to better, more balanced hormones. Now, that being said, let's say the low-carb diet has nothing to do with improving your health. You're just doing it because you're trying to get leaner.  Here's what it can actually do for you. In men, really low diets for long periods of time can cause lower levels of testosterone. In women, sometimes you see thyroid issues from really, really low levels of carbohydrates over long periods of time, and I think that's because the low diets for them started to produce worse health, and then the side effect of that was hormones. So that's an example, just talking about low-diet, low-calories and carbs. I would actually make the case, though, and wouldn't you agree that a low-fat or a low-protein diet is even more risky for hormonal issues?  Yeah, because they're essential. So, yes, a low-carb diet can cause hormonal issues. Any low-calorie diet for a long period of time, I don't care what it is. Like, I remember I read a study a long time ago that talked about the average female, what she gains weight on today, and then what the average female would need to actually hit the nutrient levels on a daily basis, and it's completely lopsided. The average female, and then this is, don't quote me on this because I don't remember the exact numbers, but it's somewhere around here, right? The average female gains weight, I think, on like 1,800 or 1,900 calories, something like that. And the average female, in order to hit all of her macronutrient targets, needs like 2,000. So, if you gain weight on that and you're trying to lose weight and you're running a 1,300 to 1,500 calorie diet for a long period of time, now mind you, there's all kinds of variables, your age, your weight, your muscle mass, so I'm giving generic numbers to get my point across, but if you are running in a low-calorie diet for an extended period of time, there's a very good chance that you're not hitting your RDA for a lot of different nutrients, and over a period of time, that will affect health, which then in turn can affect hormones. And yes, so yes, low carb can do that, but also, low-fat or low protein, you're at risk of that too. In my experience, I've helped people solve hormone issues with a lot of things that we would do, but I've had more success by raising people's fat intake and cutting their carbs in the reverse. So I've only ever, I'm trying to think throughout my whole career, off the top of my head, I can think of two people that were following low carb for too long, that we had to bump their carbs a little bit and then their hormones balanced out, but the vast majority were the opposite, the vast majority, I'd looked at their diet and we said, we need to increase your healthy fats, we need to increase your proteins, and then they had better outcomes. Like I actually had a guy who's testosterone levels, like went up 30% or something like that by cutting his carbs a little bit and raising his fat. Well, when intermittent fasting kind of made its way back to the scene, I had issues with this actually with a few clients because it became sort of an addiction to where they would stay so low calorie more than anything, like not obviously low carbohydrate, but overall low calories at the end of the week to where it would start affecting all these visible signs in their skin, their performance in the gym, they looked a bit gaunt, like there was just like a lot of physical symptoms and signs that were very visible to me with that. And so that was just something that I noticed because it was being promoted so hard that this is the healthy way to diet right now. And so they wanted to stay within that as long as they possibly could. So I had to address that a few times. Yeah, I think anything that, I mean, here's the key takeaway here, anything that is reducing your overall health will probably cause hormone issues. So really doesn't matter what diet it is. If the diet itself is not making your health worse, and usually this happens because people ignore the signals that their body's telling them and they stick to a diet because they've been convinced that this is the solution to all their problems, either because they keep reading about it or some Instagram influencer tells them this is the way you need to eat.  This is the detox period. I hate it when I hear that, right? Oh, I feel like garbage, but it's because I'm detoxing. That's the reason why I'm doing this. Your hair falling out is not really a sign of detoxing. I think you're nutrient deficient, you know what I mean? If your health declines, then you are gonna notice negative hormone effects.


This paper presents the novel application of the 454-GSFLX platform, which allows the genotyping of thousands of samples in one run. A probabilistic model was developed to demonstrate the reliability of this method, and it was successfully applied to the genotyping of 1,407 samples from 24 different rodent species. The authors estimate that the reproducibility of genotyping reached 95%, suggesting that this method could be used to accurately identify individual variations in genetic markers. This new approach offers great potential for the study of evolutionary and functional genetics of highly polymorphic genes such as MHC genes in vertebrates or locky regulating self-compatibility in plants. Additionally, this method can be used to detect individual variation in disease susceptibility, as well as in productivity or disease susceptibility traits in agriculture. This article was authored by Charbonneau Natalie, Carosell, Givia Emmanuel, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Subscribe and press the bell icon to never miss an update from Sistveak. We all have to pay for every byte of internet data that we use, except for when there's a free Wi-Fi connection. Therefore, it's very important to make every byte count and to save as much data as possible. In this video, I'll show you how you can limit data usage and save your money. For this, you need to install the Check Data Usage app by Sistveak on your Android phone. You can also use the link given in the description below. Open the app and tap on Skip. Tap on Allow to give permission to manage phone calls to the app. Tap on Give permission. Tap on Check Data Usage. Now tap on Allow permit usage access. Tap on Yes to go further. This is how the interface of this app looks like. Here tap on Set data plan. And now set daily data validity and limit. And then tap on Set data plan. And to confirm your plan, tap on Yes. And you're done. Tap on Wi-Fi to check Wi-Fi usage. You can also check your daily usage by tapping Plan. Tap on Speed and then tap on Run speed test. It will allow you to check your internet speed. And that's it. Isn't it easy to use? Do use this app to check your data usage and tell your feedback in the comments below. Also, if you like the video then don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel.


Thank you for gracing this session. I will try and make it 20 minutes exactly. My name is Edwin. As Jax has mentioned, Edwin Kajani. I coordinate the nutrition project under the captive unit and food safety as a basis. I am trying to avoid that because I am not tall enough. So, basically today's presentation is capacity development through mobile technology. We are going to see or to look at how we can apply, how we apply mobile technology into development. This is a capacity area for us. So that is the focus of our presentation. The structure is as follows. We are beginning a bit of introduction of the project. They now take us through what we call mobile vast value chain. So inserted the word value chain there for this familiar within Ilji. But mobile vast basically is where our output as this project. Where is it structured out there? It's under our product called vast. And I will explain a bit more on that when I get there. Then we will define what we are working for. And as Ilji we have a farmer that we are working for and we attempt to define this farmer. And then we will see a few successes that we have achieved up to now. And then have a look at what are we taking home as Ilji in terms of this program. And what lessons are we drawing from the program as an institute. So the project is a three year project. We began honestly last year 2014. And we expected to be done by 2016. So 2017 will be publishing our successes. Making sure that everybody out there knows what we've been doing and what we have succeeded in doing. The program is structured in two programs. The project is structured in two programs. We have M health. So we have a mobile health component within the M nutrition or mobile nutrition project. And basically M health means that the output that we are drawing from this project is health outputs. So we are talking about taking advantage or intervening within the first 1000 days of a baby. So from the point of inception to the point of the mother getting pregnant and the baby getting to two years. These are the four 1000 days and that's the focus of this arm of the project which is the M health. So this is about our infant and the adult feeding, maternal newborn and child health. All that we encompass that or we take care of that in the M health program. We have the second bit of the project which is more relevant to us as in we. And that's the M health program arm of the project. So M health we are working towards products that are nutrition sensitive that will help our farmers. So we want to impact at the household level. We want to impact the nutrition status of our farmer and his household. So through these products that we are working towards or we are working in as this project. And these are products that are in this case mobile service products. So SMS voice messages and we will see this a lot as we go on with the presentation. That is the goal of the overall outcome of the project to improve nutrition. Through services that influence behavior change. So we want to send content to a farmer through their mobile phone to impact on some of the things they do around farming and around feeding. So to change their behavior towards enhanced nutrition outcomes within the household. And this like I mentioned we are doing through services that will be delivered as mobile services. That is the coverage of the project. So the project is a huge investment that we are implementing in partnership with other organizations. And in Africa we are in eight countries and in South East Asia we have four countries as listed there. So the way the project is structured is that we have five organizations. So Illuri and then we have Kavi as the leading partner in the consortia. And then we have BMJ, Oxpam and Gain. And we have distributed this amongst ourselves. We have divided amongst ourselves these countries. So Illuri apart from several outputs that cut across all the countries. We specifically are implementing in Kenya, Uganda and Pakistan as Illuri. So we are leading all the activities in those countries. But we have other outcomes or outputs other working areas that Illuri is leading across the consortia. And those are training and we will see where training comes in. And also quality assurance of context or these outputs or these messages that I'm talking about or referring to. Let's go into mobile vast, get them in the introduction. So vast stands for value added services and I prefer to leave it as vast because out there is the farthest vast. You'll never find it returning full as value added services. And vast for you is the email that you have on your phone, on your smartphone. So that is a vast size or a message that comes from someone from some campaign for instance. It could be a black friend campaign. It could be a health campaign. In our case we have agri campaign. So we are calling those messages campaigns that are in most cases delivered under what we call U.S.S.D. A technology where you dial hash a few numbers and then start a few numbers and then hash. And you get a menu of start. That is vast. So that is value added services. They are calling value added because the major revenue or the primary revenue for mobile network is usually voice. So when mobile started we all used it for voice. But then today we have a lot of other add ons that we are utilizing.  And when you want to, for instance, book a flight, you go on trip advice and all that. Those are value added services that initially were not there. And mobile networks are only in them because they add value to the voice which is their primary investment. That's where they get the most revenue. So the value chain of vast because our outputs as messages and voice will be sent to farmers as vast. But we need to understand that value chain from where we are to the point where the farmers is reading that message on proper husband, your animal husband. We'll begin here as content owner. You're going to start with content. You have something that you're sending to our farmers. And that's the content owners. And these are very different from the carriers or the mobile network operators. So you start at content owners where you go through your books and all that and have whether it's help or ugly content. And then you have these guys that you call the vast aggregators. So these guys they aggregate all those value added services. It could be ring tones, ring back ring tones.  Those are ring back tones. So there's a myriad of vast content. And we have organizations that call themselves aggregators that usually host that content for you. So as a content owner, you don't send direct your content to John, the farmer here. You will need a content management system. A plug and play where for instance if you're sending content to big farmers in Uganda and you won't send content around some big husbandry like maybe a safety issue like cleaning the big area, then you need to just press a button. That's the confidence you need as a content owner. You don't want a plug and play system. You just click a button and the farmer receives the information. Whatever happens in the back end is you don't need to take care of that. You don't need to think about that. So that's what these guys do. So they are a commercial organization and you should leverage between aggregators and carers to get your content to John and our farmers. Then from there the content goes through a network and then to John. And this other end here we have your handset here and then you have the operating system that sort of like I think everybody here should be able to familiar with what an operating system is like windows for your computer. So we have all this operating system for your devices. This is a smart phone. So you have Android, iOS or Apple products. You have Symbian windows for Microsoft products and other handset vendors. Some go through the carriers. So in a lot of western countries you find that they are carriers that have sort of like Verizon. They have agreements with handset vendors and they brand those handsets such that you cannot use another network on that handset. But in this part of the world and the areas that we work developing world we have of this direct relationship. Now this is where Hillary is working. Content development. So we are not conserving a lot of these other areas of the value chain. We are only implementing a lot of content development. But we are also in conversations with these all these other members of the value chain to ensure that this product that we are developing eventually ends up in a farmer's spot. Because if you don't do that then you have content but you have not defined a structure to do that content job. So we will refer to this in the other bits of the presentation. Let's define our farmer or the guys that we target with our outputs within the project. We have John here. These are the things that John struggles. These are the challenges that John has. How do I get extension services? He never gets those. Farming puts an implement. What to use where. What type of seed is best for my soil and all that. What season? When should I sow? When should I harvest? How do I preserve my harvest? That kind of stuff. These are things that many more that our farmers are struggling with. So these are the things that we want to intervene in when we bring produce such as the imitation product. When we think about John and his inputs and implements because lack of information on these things is what makes John a small scale holder who has very little from his farm who gets very little from his enterprises whether they are livestock or crop enterprises. When we look at the inputs and implements you probably will come up with a list like mine here. It's not exhausting but you can exhaust it but you're not likely to include mobile as an input or as an implement for John. And that's what we're doing with the project. For us mobile is as good as an implement for John as this whole idea is. And how is that? We've highlighted these challenges and we are saying within the project we've seen that mobile has this potential to bridge that gap of information that John is struggling with so that John can access for instance whether focused on mobile can get messages around running for husband market prices for his pigs for the other groups and where can he get them so all that stuff can be accessed through the mobile. Why didn't we go for radio or TV? Because we are looking from where we are standing mobile is an implement for us for behavior change communication is clearly an information breaking tool. Mobile and the opportunity that it brings for us that other technologies are not is that GSM is the technology that allows you to bridge your mobile phone. So it stands for global system for mobile communication. Again I avoided defining it in food because you never find it but always find it as GSM. So GSM coverage in emerging markets like Africa and Asia poor nations that we are working in is 80% 85%. So this is way higher than you pay for this at the landline or TV or radio and that's why for us this was a bullseye technology to adopt. Another thing that is coming up in this emerging market is that access for mobile services is equal in urban and rural you're finding it very very close and like other technologies where you find them in a lot of them in urban areas but rural areas are struggling with them. In the case of mobile it's almost equal and I'm sure you can also attest to this you can call someone in Pocoto to kind of master it from here in Nairobi and they will pick just as good as you calling somebody in Kilimani or Western Asia. So this is a big deal for the success of this information base. Two, the policy base of what we are calling smart phones or phones that go beyond a voice so phones that have other services that you can use is about 1.9 billion globally that is about one one in four persons having a smartphone. Of course we have a few hippies who have two or three and therefore this is not really a good an excellent number to use but it still is an incredible figure for a smartphone center we can't turn away from this and these smartphones you have your smartphone you want to use your phone beyond voice vast this is what you are calling vast but you have the services you have ringtones and all that fan system emails but for a farmer we have we have products that you want to deliver by what you call the vast the difference between just take you a bit different between smartphone and a feature phone is that feature phone a very basic phone for instance five years ago is not the same as a feature phone today today's feature phones will have emails but you would have to access those via browsers and probably some of us remember that time when you would have to access your email via browser within your phone that you thought was smart so that is still a feature phone but basically the basic thing is the operating system within that cannot be edited it doesn't integrate well to your applications a smartphone on the other hand has you can choose what operating system you want to use and these operating systems we are very familiar with the OS Android and all that we can also run that party applications you can install your Gmail you can install your Yahoo you can install your Facebook all that stuff as a musician project the tasks that we have around this area of this value chain is one to train guys who are developing this content for us in those 12 countries that I mentioned so it's our responsibility to ensure that this case have the skills and competencies to provide information that the farmer can use and this information is basically we are telling them on how to use this information and transform that into simple information so we get to such outputs for instance what we call this here at Illinois and transform that into a message so that's a process that's what we are doing we want to ensure that they develop content that is safe, factual, relevant that the farmer can access that information from the language it is used the technical level of content that is in that kind of so quality assurance of that content program or that is a task or a challenge that we are working on and we are for this objective we are using local content partners in those countries so we are going into agreements not necessarily as a deal but within the consortium we come into a country into an agreement with an organization that is locally based better understands the situation there and can therefore deliver content but these are the guys that we are training up there I mentioned we are specifically responsible for these countries and as the final task is to pass this media change information to our John the farmer and we need to focus on what level we are using it has to be how John can access in terms of simple approach we have to also focus on the format that we send the content so for instance if we put our content on Facebook our issue at John will be getting accessing that information to target our farmer with the format of the content in some countries they are doing pure voice because literacy levels are so low you can do it and somebody can do it technical depth of the content again because of consideration some of the successes that we have seen is that we have a good training guide around developing content for mobile so if you want to do if you have any related project then we already have that test that we already undertook trainings in 8 out of 12 countries so that is a type of we have a blended learning courses that we have also brought on board to ensure that we have a complete user experience for our learners we have a quality assurance framework that we developed I mentioned that we need our farmers to be certain that the information they get is correct we have a framework of ensuring the quality of that content it has all these documents there that help you to assure that quality what are we taking home as an institute from the program or are we just implementing it for the donor so we have this training resources that we can use across the city or in any other related program we have the e-learning course again we can remotely deliver this course validation process of breaking down complex information to simple information so we have a process that we have validated them there is a plug and play you just pick that up and implement it in your program we have tools that you need to use that you can use when you are doing your fax very nice tools that you can write on and message templates so these are tools that you have an opportunity of looking after the business we will send all these materials and then we have the structure of a content if you are developing content and knowledge bank for instance then to store your content again these are lessons that we have thrown and we will be happy to share blended learning as a capacity for the programs that we implement within the institute and again tapping into public private partnerships with mobile and electric operators because in all these countries we are doing this and we are successful at this and this is a struggle for a lot of developing of organizations that deal with development so this is again a take home for Hillary that we have been successful with that the program is funded by GSM GSM is the GSM association GSM I mentioned earlier is the global system for mobile communication they have a global association that sort of represent the interest in partnership with different they funded this initiative and we are implementing the program with these other four organizations we contribute to what we shared before on our communication and help and we are also under food safety and diagnosis thank you very much


Okay, welcome back after the break. Just before we went for a break, we were looking at chapter 5 preaching, okay, and we are looking at this point was importance of rightly dividing the word and maintaining sound doctrine. Even as we preach God's word, we need to, you know, ensure that we are not just talking about some, you know, stories, man made stories, or just some narratives or some stories that are in the Bible, which we speak from our own understanding, you know, or what we have heard before, or understanding of what people are sharing with us, you know, but we need to, or in our own imaginations, or just talk about things that are based on, you know, some truths that we've heard before, or some philosophies, but we need to teach the word of God based upon, you know, biblical interpretation, understanding that scripture passage that was in context, you know, the cultural context, the literary context, you know, why the writer was writing that to whom he was writing it in what context he was writing it, historical setting, historical perspective. So all of these perspectives we need to make note of, and then we need to correctly preach and teach God some word and that is using biblical interpretation, you know, and also interpret scripture in the light of the rest of other scripture, not just taking one scripture passage, and then speaking it out of context, you know, because, you know, one scripture passage, or one verse will always have its interpretation or meaning in other scripture verses, so we need to look at other scripture verses and interpret this, you know, the passage that we are wanting to preach or teach or the verse that we are wanting to preach or teach in the light of the entire scripture, interpret it in the light of other scripture passages as well, and, you know, we need to use biblical interpretation, which I think you will learn next semester or in the second year. So we need to rightly divide the word of God and teach God's word in its context, in its meaning, in what God has intended it to be in the place that it is, and how God has intended for us to, you know, reveal the truth in here. The next thing is we need to build people precept upon precept, that is what we read in Isaiah chapter 28, verse 9 and 10, for precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept, line upon line, line upon line, here a little, here a little, there a little. So, you know, how God works or deals with us in revealing his truth or revelation is that he does not just give everything to us at one go, okay. He treats us like children when it comes to teaching us his truth or revelation, even Jesus says, you know, I'm not revealing everything to you because you will not be able to understand, but you know, he says the Holy Spirit will come and he will reveal the other things, but Jesus says I will reveal to you what is appropriate at this time, what is sufficient for you, what you will be able to understand at this time. And that is what he teaches, that is what he reveals, but that is, he says there is more to come, which, you know, the spirit of truth will reveal or make known to you. So, even as children, you know, when they go to different grades in school, they start learning math and English and science, but every year, you know, they learn much more on that same subject. The same way, you know, when we are teaching and teaching our audience, we need to know where they are in their journey of faith with God, where they stand in their spiritual maturity. And so we need to teach them as much as they can proceed.   So you want to teach them of the Holy Spirit, the gifts of the Spirit, about the supernatural. And you're just teaching them and it's all, you see, they're not able to receive it. They're going beyond about their head or, you know, people don't stop coming for the church services. It's because, you know, they are not mature enough to come to that place where they're able to understand all of this. So we need to see where people are, the level of their understanding, their work with God, bring them up to that level where you can start teaching them about the gifts of the Holy Spirit. So before you speak about the gifts of the Holy Spirit, I'm just giving this as an example. You know, you can talk about who the Holy Spirit is. Okay, we have the Father, Son, Holy Spirit. So you can talk about the Holy Spirit, the person of the Holy Spirit.  They are coming to that place where they're able to understand. Then you, as you're led by the Spirit, you can talk about the work of the Holy Spirit, what the Holy Spirit does.  So, you know, you take them from step to step. You just don't go and, you know, start talking about the gifts of the Holy Spirit, but you need to make known to them who the Holy Spirit is. What is his work in their lives? Then move on to the mature thing.  And then you can, you know, lead them to the next step. So, even as they move on from one step to another, they might have questions and doubts, you know, you clarify that, and then, you know, they're in a better position to receive.   Just the same way we need to do with people of God, you know, the way we teach them, teach them truth upon truth, slowly step by step. The next thing is to bring a word in season, you know, like we read in Isaiah chapter 50 verse 4 and Proverbs 25 verse 11, can somebody please read those two verses please? Isaiah 54, chapter 50 verse 4 and Proverbs 25 verse 11. Isaiah 54, the Lord God has given me the tongue of the learned that I should know how to speak. A word in season to him who is weary, he awakens me morning by morning, he awakens my ear to hear as the learned. Proverbs 25 verse 11, the right word at the right time is like a custom made piece of jewelry. Thank you Prince. Amen. So here we see that, you know, we need to know the times and seasons that people are in. So even as you're invited to preach in a church or in a group, you know, you can ask God, God, I do not know these people where they are and they walk with you in their journey with you, which season of life they are in. You know, show me what message or passage or scripture that I need to take to and give me the message, you know, to preach to them.    I'm just saying it because, you know, we all can receive a download. We don't just receive a download from Google, but you know, we can receive a download from God, He Himself gives us in parts into our hearts what we need to preach the points. And I've seen those sermons are really very, very powerful.  And he will, you know, help you and guide you what to preach and teach. And like we read in Proverbs chapter 25 verse 11. Of course, it's from the message Bible put very beautifully a right word the right time, which means a right sermon, the right teaching at the right time is like a custom made piece of jewelry. No custom made piece of jewelry is something that you design, you want you envision it, you see it, you want these kinds of stones, these pearls, these diamonds, whatever you want. And it's just made exactly how you want it so that and exactly to fit your neck or ears or hands or whatever. And it's just so perfect and beautiful. So that is how is a sermon when we preach it to people in their context in their season in whatever challenges and difficulties that you are going through. You know, the next thing is, you know, even as we preach and teach, we, you know, one we are under pressure sometimes to to make known fresh revelations or the truth of God's word to people. And we want to give people fresh and new revelation. So sometimes God can give us fresh and new revelations when we study his word when we take time to prepare. You know, God is faithful and sincere. Even as we are faithful and sincere, he will impart fresh revelations to us. We can preach it sometimes when we receive a revelation from other men and women of God, which we've heard from other churches, something that we have read. Then, you know, you're not sure about it. It's good to hold on to it for some time. You know, try to read about it from the whole of scripture, see what scripture entire scripture is talking about it. Because, you know, whenever there's a revelation that we receive, it will have to go according to God's word. The standard is God's word. And the other standard is the Holy Spirit, the spirit and the word will agree with the revelation. That's what we read in 1 John 5 verse 7. So the Holy Spirit will also reveal if it's something that is a revelation from God. If it's not a revelation from God, the Holy Spirit will, you know, give it to us through promptings or steering our heart. There's no peace, there's restlessness, whatever. But if you receive a revelation like this, test it in scripture, ask the Holy Spirit to the inner witness of the Holy Spirit, the voice of the Holy Spirit, whatever. You know, to affirm that revelation is the truth, it's the right thing. Or you can also, you know, speak, discuss it with other senior men and women of God. And then if you think that it is the right revelation, then you can release it or teach it to the people. But sometimes if you teach a wrong revelation, then it's very difficult for us to take back what we have thought. The other thing we need to, we can keep in mind is don't, you know, be afraid to teach, you know, go back on old treasures, you know, old topics that you have, or sermons that you have taught. You know, there's always a new perspective that we can bring, okay, in whatever we have written. I know I've written this, I've written a catalyst curriculum. I wrote it in 2008, but now it's almost, you know, almost 12 plus years since I've written that catalyst curriculum. So now when I'm teaching it and I was thinking, oh, I should have, I should add this, I should add this because there's so much of learning that I have also received in the last 12 years. The same with the children's search curriculum that I'm writing.  So it's always good to go back to old sermons, revise it, add new revelations and teach it to people, okay. Stay current, but avoid theological digressions. That means don't go away into, you know, into faulty teaching, wrong teaching, wrong doctrines. You know, as ministers of God, we need to stay current in the present truth. That means what are the things God is revealing in our present day? What is the move the Holy Spirit? We need to study that. We need to see it in the light of scripture and if it's according to what scripture says and it's according to what the Holy Spirit is leading us, then, you know, we need to preach and teach about it, okay. So just to give you a couple of examples, you know, the truth about Holy Spirit, baptism and about the Holy Spirit, you know, in the early 1900s, you know, in the Azusa Street revival, people began experiencing the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and that led to the Pentecostal movement. And, you know, in the Pentecostal movement in the early days, we see people, you know, for days on and, you know, they were just praying, crying out to God to receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Okay, this is happening in the 90s, okay, 1900s.  Today, we know that, you know, we can just share God's word and we can just help people pray for them to receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit. It just happens in a couple of minutes or within an hour's time. But we observe here that the body of Christ has grown in its understanding of the truth of Holy Spirit baptism and how to apply the truth. Okay, before they used to spend days on end or hours, but today we just have to spend an hour to teach about it and pray and people are receiving the Holy Spirit, the baptism of the Holy Spirit. To give an example from God's word, in Acts chapter 18, verses 24 to 26, we see that Apollos, who was, you know, a strong minister of God, but he only knew the baptism of John the Baptist. So when he met with this couple of people and Priscilla, who were at Rome and ministering at Rome, but they had to leave Rome because the persecution, they came to Corinth and, you know, they met, they met Apollos. We see that they realized that Apollos, though he was preaching God's word, he was very outdated. He just knew till the baptism of John the Baptist. He did not know about, you know, the Great Commission baptism by fire and water, Holy Spirit baptism, the finished work of the cross. That is the good news of the gospel. And so what they do is they teach, you know, they teach Apollos about this. And then we see that, you know, they explain to him more accurately about God's word. We read about this in Acts chapter 18, verses 24 and 26. And we also see that Paul did the same with the believers at Ephesus in Acts chapter 19 verses 1 to 6. We read about this. So we need to stay current, you know, what's the move of God, what God is moving, how the Holy Spirit is moving, what people are experiencing in the body of Christ. We need to learn about that, read about that, know about it. And then we need to also preach and teach about it. But we need to be careful that as we, you know, look at the moves of God, you know, we don't go off tangent, you know, but stay to the doctrines that are revealed to us in scripture, the theological truths that are there. And even as we talk about the moves of God and stay current in the moves of God, we also need to, you know, give equal importance to the rest of the truths contained in scripture. If not, we can lead people astray. You know, sometimes we can overemphasize the truth and not give importance to scripture. Sometimes, you know, if I overemphasize the truth and give it more importance than what scripture does, you know, it's dangerous. Sometimes, you know, if we give more importance to the truth than what is contained in scripture, that can also lead people astray. So, you know, what should be, how can people be led astray is, you know, just to give you a couple of examples, when we overemphasize blessing and prosperity without talking about, you know, sacrifice, giving contentment, then it's going to lead people astray. Okay, because the word of God says, Godliness with contentment is great gain. That's what Paul writes to Timothy. Okay, so if you're just emphasizing on this, on blessings and prosperity, but we're not talking it alongside with the truth in the scripture that, you know, we need to also sacrifice, we need to give, we need to be content. Then we can receive blessing and prosperity. It can lead people astray. Another area where it can lead people astray, an example is when we emphasize grace over godly living, godly purity, and responsibility. Okay, so people take the grace of God for granted, and they think whatever they do, you know, they're already saved, they're going to heaven. God's grace is more than sufficient, he will forgive, but that is misusing God's grace. So we need to talk about grace, but also to talk about it in the context of Godly living, purity, and our responsibility towards what God has given to us. Otherwise we'll end up talking about super grace, hyper grace and lead people astray.   For example, people think, you know, when they come and take communion, you know, they'll be saved. You know, but we know that salvation is only true faith in Jesus Christ. Okay, so there's no other way that we can be saved. It's not by keeping rituals. It's not by giving to church. It's not by doing good or feeding the poor. It's not by giving money to the orphans, orphanages, or just taking communion that, you know, is going to cleanse us of our sins. But we receive forgiveness of sins only by grace through faith. Okay, we can receive only salvation by grace to faith in Christ Jesus in what he has done on the cross that is through repentance and receiving the forgiveness of our sins. And that should be preached more clearly than other things. When we talk about other things and not talk about sin and forgiveness and salvation by grace to faith, and I believe in Jesus Christ, then we are leading people astray. You know, if you're just talking about science, miracles, and wonders, that should accompany our preaching of the gospel. But let us, you know, not focusing on, you know, salvation of souls, then it is also leading people astray.  You know, salvation is not by works, by our good works, but it is by, you know, our faith in Jesus Christ. Okay, so not focusing just on science, miracles, and wonders that can save people. But it's the salvation of their souls that will bring about healing and deliverance that will help them to see miracles in their life. Okay, so these are some of the things that, you know, that can lead people astray when we focus on, you know, some of these things by over-emphasizing the truth, rather than giving more importance to what scripture says, then it can lead people astray. The other thing we need to, you know, be aware of is, you know, when we hear about different cults in our own city, or a cult group coming up, a cult church growing, people are just leaving the churches and going to that cult church, then what we need to do is, we shouldn't talk about what is, what the cults are teaching, what is wrong, but we need to teach people the truth. When we teach people the truth, they will be able to apply the truth when they are, you know, facing cults or false teachings or false doctrines. So like we read here in John chapter one, verse five, can somebody read that please? John chapter one, verse five. John chapter one, verse five, and the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it. Thank you, Sri Radha. So here, what dispels darkness? It's light, right? It's light that dispels darkness. So the only way that we can overcome darkness is by putting on the light, or, you know, it's just by bringing a torchlight into a dark, in a dark place, in a dark environment. So it's a light that dispels darkness. In the same way, if you want to get rid of wrong teachings and false teachings and doctrines, don't mention those false teachings and doctrines and what they are teaching and going into those, what their teaching is all about, but what we need to do is to put out that false teaching and doctrines. We need to amplify the truth, just like, you know, to overcome darkness, we bring in the light the same way to overcome false teachings and doctrines. We don't highlight the false teachings and doctrines, but we amplify the truth or we make the truth known, and we make the truth known in a plain, simple, loud, clear way. And, you know, when we do that, people will be able to differentiate right from wrong and truth from false teachings and doctrines. So as ministers of God, as people who are being trained to teach God's word, you know, as Bible college students, it's our responsibility to protect people whom God has entrusted to us from wrong doctrines. The best way to keep people grounded in the truth and, you know, keeping them away from wrong teaching is to preach the word, preach the truth, amplify the truth, you know, and convince people of the truth. Rebuke means, you know, having arguments presented to convince the truth. Like we read in 2 Timothy chapter 2, chapter 4 verses 2 and 4. Look at what Paul is writing to Timothy in 2 Timothy chapter 4 verse 2 and 4 in verse 2. He says, preach the word, be ready in season and out of season, convince, rebuke, exhaust with long suffering and teaching. So how are we to teach the truth? We have to preach the truth, amplify the truth, convince people of the truth and rebuke. Rebuke means not, you know, shout at them or judge them or condemn them and say, listen to this truth and follow this truth. It's not that. It's like, you know, we're presenting arguments in a convincing way about the truth so that people are convinced enough to know what is the truth. Okay. The next thing when we're preaching is no flattery, no, don't exhort people, extortion, sorry, not extortion. Don't extort people and no self-promotion. Okay. You know, people use pulpit for various reasons. You know, they use it to flatter people just to speak nice about the rich people in the congregation. Some ministers of God come, some politician comes, you know, you know, just flatter them, speak high of them, make them stand up, give them places of important seats in the church or in the hall that you're meeting.  You know, the places in the world that we preach, how many people, you know, receive the gospel, how many people were healed in the crusades, how many crusades we conducted, how many books we wrote, how many songs we wrote, you know, all this is self-promotion.  Okay.  Towards the work of my ministry or my organization or to my church. So I want those 10 people to stand up and, you know, we just forcing people and then, you know, 10 people feel compelled to stand up.  And then, you know, or whatever jewelry that you're wearing, just give it because this is what the Spirit of God is telling me. You know, this is not right. This is not what God wants us to do.  This is robbing them. It's daylight robbery, so to say. You know, so don't force people to give, you know, whatever they want to give in the offering bag. Just invite them to give as they want to for the Lord, to Lord's work, whatever they wish, whatever the Lord is putting their hearts, just give it. And, you know, when we do that, we see that, you know, God would bless the work that we are doing because we're not robbing or stealing people. We're not cheating them, but people are just giving out of their own heart as the Spirit is leading, giving us unto the Lord and God will just bless that. You know, our God is a God who blesses the little, the five loaves and two fish is a good example that we can hold on in our ministry, in our own person lives. You know, don't say, okay, I'm not working in this. God wants you to minister in a specific way. And you say, I'm not going to work in this place because, you know, I know God has called me here. This is the place he wants me to be, but I'm not going. I can't be here because I'm not paid too much. You know, it's difficult for me, so I'm going to leave.   You know, just imagine when God is our portion, we don't, we will not lack any good thing. Those who trust in him will lack no good thing. Okay, so just trust him for your needs and he will just provide. I remember when I was in Bible College and I went from our internship and I was working in this organization in Kolkata and, you know, one of our teaching faculty came to meet me. The teaching faculty go and meet all the students who are ministering in various places. And then he asked me how much do they pay you. So I told them that they pay me just 250 rupees. So says he was shocked. He said how do you manage 250 rupees for a month in a city as big as this and traveling and all of those things. So he said, you know, I will speak to the director and say this is very less and he needs to pay you more. I said, no, please don't do that. It's almost, you know, I've completed five, six months here and just one more month to go.  You know, sometimes traveling by the bus, I get down and the bus cop is just, you know, it's just near that bakery where they have all of these cool drinks. And sometimes I'm so thirsty. So, you know, I just want to have a cool drink, but I just don't have the money. Sometimes just walking a long distance in the sun in that heat. But I just told him, you know, the challenges, but I think this is what God is training me.  I don't want you to ask because money is not of importance. I don't want him to think that, you know, I have complained to you and I'm here for money, but I'm here just to serve God. God is taking care of my needs. And I can, I can't just tell you how wonderfully God just took care of my needs in that city, in that new city. For the first time going there, how wonderfully he's provided more than I could even ask, think or imagine. What our God can do. Okay. So don't, you know, rock people of their money. Don't force them to give. Don't engage. You don't use the pulpit for a self promotion. Okay. Even when you're sharing your own personal life testimony, you know, ask yourself, why am I sharing this? What is my motivation for people to know how great I am? How anointed I am? How powerful I am? Why are you doing this?  Even as you share your own personal life story so that God can receive all the glory and all. Okay. The next thing is don't give the devil pulpit time. You know, if you read Nehemiah chapter eight was four and six, we see the reverence that people gave to the reading of the book of the law. So here is Ezra, he's taken the book of the law, not all the common people don't have the book of the law like we have the Bible in our hands in the Old Testament times. When he stood up, you know, all the people, and Ezra opened the book of the law, all the people stood up, they lifted their hands, they bowed their heads, they even fell prostrate on their faces to God, to the ground. That is the reference they gave the word of God. So even as we preach and teach God's word, we need to know that we are standing there in the place of God. We are assembling God. We are in the place where people are seeing Christ in and through us. So we are there not to promote ourselves, not to promote some politician, not to, you know, some political agenda, to promote a business that we have or not using the pulpit to get back at people in our congregation who don't like us, who are gossiping about us or talking bad about us.  Back is not the time to do it. You know, it's a place, it's a holy time where we're talking about God's holy word. We need to give reverence to God, the time that people are giving to us to preach and teach God's word and also proclaim it under the power of the Holy Spirit. Okay, don't draw people to yourself. Even as you preach and teach, you know, as it says in John chapter seven was 18. Can one of you please read that? John chapter seven was 18. He who speaks from himself, himself, seek his own glory, but he who seek the glory of the one who saw him is true and, and to, and unrighteousness is in him. Thank you, Nina. So here, you know, when we preach and teach, we don't preach and teach for our own self promotion so that people love us. They have a great fan following. You know, more people will come to our church. We have more supporters. But, you know, when we preach and teach, it says we do it to seek the glory of the one who sent us so that when we do it in a way that's honoring God, it brings him glory. You know, there is no unrighteousness that will be found in, in us. Okay. So when we preach and teach, you know, we should do so in a way that people will be drawn to go after God, to desire to seek God, to love him, to worship him and love his word and not just love us in return. Okay. So to be a true minister of God is one who desires that the Lord alone be glorified and nothing of self to be promoted. The last point here is don't cause division and offense in the body of Christ. You know, when we preach and teach, don't use this as an opportunity to get back at people. You know, to cause, when we get back at people that leads to division and strife, people can easily understand what you're saying, even though you're not saying it directly or saying it indirectly, they can catch it. That will lead to more division, more gossip, more hatred and anger in the church. Don't use the pulpit or the teaching time, the preaching time, you know, to talk about other ministers, men and women of God, other denominations to put them down so that people come only to your church and only think you are the anointed man of God. You are the only person who is called by God and others are all devils. You don't use that for the pulpit time. The preaching time, the teaching time for all of these things, because when we do, you know, it will just bring about division and, you know, and strife in the body of Christ. As Paul writes the church at home in Romans chapter 16 verse 17 and 18, he says, you know, those who teach all these false doctrines are doing it not to serve God, but their own bellies. That means their own stomach and they do it by their smooth words, flattering speech, but with deception in their hearts and they're doing it, you know, not with a gender to lead people to Jesus Christ, but because, you know, people can follow them. They can, you know, get money from them and, you know, they use flattering speech and deceive the hearts of people. Okay. That is the end of chapter five. Any questions on this chapter? Excuse me, ma'am. Yes? Ma'am, it's not questioning the chapter. It's about our examination actually. Okay. So is there going to be based on only the three books I read till now or? Yeah, Sean, can I answer this question after class is over? Is that okay? Because it's just pertaining to the online students. Is that okay, Sean? Yes, ma'am. Okay. Thank you. Any questions regarding chapter five? Go ahead. Okay. Online students, anyone has any questions? Okay. If there are no questions, then we move on to chapter six. Anointing. Okay. What do we mean by anointing? Anyone has any idea? We talk about anointing. What do we, what are we meaning? Any answers? We talk about the word anointing. What does it mean? Okay. Thank you, Nina. Nina John says, it's the presence and the power of the Holy Spirit. Yes. Anointing basically means the presence and the power of the Holy Spirit. You know, so, you know, Paul reminds us that we are just earthen vessels. That means we are just mud clay pots. We are so weak, vulnerable, anytime, you know, mud pots are just of not much value, right? But then, if you put gold in that mud pot, what happens? It is of greater value. So, you know, we are just earthen vessels, but it's the anointing in us. It's the power and the presence of the Holy Spirit that is, you know, through us, which brings about, which leads people to repentance of sins. We baptize the Holy Spirit, you know, to be saved and healed and delivered. And, you know, science miracles and wonders, all is happening not because of us. It's not because we are spiritually mature. It's not because we are very strong in the Lord. The Lord loves us more than anybody else. No, it's because of the anointing that is in us. And of course, the level of anointing that flows out of our lives depends upon our intimacy with God, our relationship with God, the amount of time you spend in your time in your fellowship, your intimacy of building your relationship with God to prayer, worship, reading God's Word, you know, greater the level of anointing. But the anointing does not mean that, you know, we are greater than the Holy Spirit, or we are super spiritual, we are super powers, you know, but it's just the Holy Spirit that is working in and through us. If it's not for the power of the Holy Spirit that is working in and through us, or the anointing of the Holy Spirit that has its presence and power that is working in and through us, you know, we cannot preach or teach or, you know, leads in us to repentance. People's lives cannot be transformed. We can never see healing and deliverance. So never think that it's the person who is doing it, or it's us who is doing all of it. We need to always acknowledge that it is the work of the Holy Spirit in and through that person, okay? The anointing and gifts are given to serve people as we read in 1 Corinthians chapter 12, verse 14, 2 Corinthians chapter 4, verse 5. So can somebody read that please? 1 Corinthians 12, 1 Corinthians 14, 2 Corinthians 4, 5. But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to each one for the prophet of all. Even so, since you are zealous for spiritual gifts, let it be for the edification of the church that you seek to excel. We will not preach ourselves for Christ Jesus the Lord and ourselves, your bond servants, for Jesus' sake. Thank you, Sean. So here we, in these three scripture passages, we learn that the gifts are given for the common good. Okay, it's the second thing we can learn is the gifts of the Spirit are given for the building up of the body of believers. And it's not just given for one individual where one individual can be elevated above others. But the third thing we can learn is that the gifts of the Spirit are given as a channel to which people are served. Okay, so even as we flow in the gifts of the Spirit, we need to be mindful of this. That the gifts of the Spirit is given to us for the common good, for the building up of the body of believers. And it's also, it's a channel through which God's people are being served. So, you know, we exercise the gifts given to us to build God's people and to expand his kingdom. Okay, you know, even as we flow mightily in the gifts of the Spirit in the anointing and the gifts, sometimes we can feel that we are special people. And because we are special people, we're flowing mightily in the anointing that people should serve us. But look at what Jesus says in Matthew chapter 20 verse 28, we know that Jesus had the Spirit without measure. He just, you know, he was just flowing mightily in all the gifts of the Spirit. Jesus said, I do not come to be served, but to serve. So the more anointed and the more gifted we are, you know, it puts us in that position where we are to be more servant like, you know, to serve people and not be like lords or bosses or super spiritual people where we're sitting around where people have to serve us, but we are in a place where we have to serve people because the gifts are given for us to edify, build, encourage, strengthen and serve the body of Christ. Okay, you know, the other thing is a real you is who you are outside your gifts and your anointing. Okay, we need to know that our identity is not in, you know, how mightily we flow in the gifts, you know, the gifts of the Spirit that we manifest, how many people are healed, what kind of science miracles and wonders that, you know, God is bringing about in our lives. You know, but we need to understand that it's all done because of the anointing, the power in the presence of the Holy Spirit in us. And also, when we look at people who are exercising the gifts of the Spirit, the anointing is powerfully manifested in and through their lives. You know, we don't worship the person, we don't exalt them, we don't give them that high place of prominence or the place of God. We need to understand that it's the power of the Holy Spirit that is, you know, through working through them that is bringing about all these science miracles and wonders and through whom God is using, who God is mightily using and through whom God is mightily using to extend his kingdom and to bring many lives to be saved. So our identity should not become in our gifts and anointing. That's not, that is not right, but our identity should be who we are in Christ. You know, we need to see ourselves as who we are in Christ. You know, the real us is not when we are up there preaching or ministering. The real us is when we are facing the challenges in our lives. You know, what is our attitudes?  Our maids at home, the people who work for us. That is who we really are. And for God, that is what matters more than, you know, what we really do or how we flow mightily in the gifts and the anointing. So it's important for us to learn to walk in obedience. We need to walk humbly before God. You know, we need to keep our flesh under control. We need to guard our mind. What comes into our mind and we also need to watch over our words when we when we are able to watch over all of these areas of our life and walk in submission and humility and obedience and humbleness, guard our minds. Be careful with what we are saying. You know, we are walking aligned to the will of God, then honoring God in the way that we live. We are feeding our spiritual nature. And then we see that the anointing flows in a greater level. So our true identity is who we are in Christ. Our identity should never be based on a spiritual calling, our gifting, our anointing, the good works that we have accomplished. But our identity is who we are in Christ. As it says in Ephesians chapter 2 verse 10, we are His workmanship. We are created in Christ Jesus for good works which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them. So who are we? We are basically God's workmanship. We are God's handy work. We are created in Christ. We are bought by His precious blood. We are washed by His, we are saints who are washed in His blood. And hence we see ourselves in who we are in Christ and our identity is not in our gifting, our calling, or in our anointing. And also we need, when we see other people who are flowing mightily, we look at them with the identity of who they are in Christ and not just their gifting, calling, or their anointing. Okay. The next thing is desire to be genuine. Desire that genuine don't tolerate imitations. An example given here is from Exodus chapter 30 where God is giving Israelites to make the anointing oil. So He's giving the proportions of the different mixtures, the different things that they need to use to make this anointing oil. And He's saying, you know, this anointing oil is only to be used in the tabernacle over the priests, over the utensils in the tabernacle. And it should not be imitated. It means don't use the same promotion of this anointing oil to make anything for as creams or lotions or perfumes for your own flesh. There should be no imitation. The same way we see that, you know, the anointing oil that God is referring to here in the Old Testament. And He's talking about it to the Israelites to make it for as anointing oil for the tabernacle. You know, this anointing holy oil in the Old Testament was a type of the anointing of the Spirit in the New Testament. It's actually pointing out to the anointing work of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament. So what do we learn? We learn that the holy anointing oil should, you know, was not used for ordinary, you know, fleshly purposes. So also we need to understand that, you know, when we do things led by the Spirit, you know, we should not do things out of the flesh. Sometimes the Holy Spirit is not leading us to say a word of wisdom, knowledge or prophecy. But we are so pressurized to say something because others are saying it. And then we can do it in our own flesh and that is wrong. Okay, because here we cannot make an imitation. God is saying we can't make an imitation. We need to treat this with reference. So also the anointing of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament. Okay, the anointing is pure, but it's expressed through human vessels. And we are human vessels. We are not perfect. But we need to understand that, you know, sometimes the manifestation that comes or the anointing that flows out through these human vessels who are not perfect can also be contaminated with the fleshly works.  We need to go back when we receive a prophetic word, test it with scripture, with the inner witness of the Holy Spirit. Test if it is, you know, coming from the Holy Spirit is accordance with the will of God. Or sometimes it can just be made out of fleshly manifestation when the Spirit is not involved and the Spirit is not guiding that person. And also we need to test those prophecies. But we need to be very careful that, you know, when we are moving in a place where others are prophesying, sharing a word of wisdom or, you know, a word of knowledge, they're not receiving anything, just keep quiet. You know, don't say anything for the sake of saying, you know, saying something from your own intellectual, logical understanding reasoning about what you know about that person because that is a fleshly made manifestation. And that will not bring about the plans of purposes, the will of God for the person that you're revealing it to, and that is not honoring in God's sight and that is not what God is pleased with. And that is a sin as well, because God asked us not to make any imitations of something that is holy. And we can't imitate things and say it is from the Spirit. You know, when you don't receive anything, just keep quiet. Just say I've not received anything. It's okay. We are not, you know, to be always giving a word of wisdom or knowledge or prophecy. But when you receive something, just say it when it comes, when you feel sure 100%, that is what the Holy Spirit is telling you to say. Okay. We'll continue this chapter in the next class. Sorry, we moved three minutes beyond time. Anyone has any questions? So, Sean is asking a question. Anointing also means to be chosen by God for a particular purpose. When you're chosen for a specific, we learned about this, right? When we're chosen for a specific function in the body of Christ, God gives us the gifts and the grace and the anointing. Yes. He gives us the anointing to fulfill that calling or the vision or the purpose that he has called us for. So, we will look at that in this chapter. We will study that, Sean. Yes, ma'am. It's about the examination. One minute, Sean. I'm coming to that. I got forgotten. Yes. Any other questions? Anyone has any questions? Okay. Before we, do you have a next hour or are you free the next hour? First years? It should be free, ma'am. Are you sure? Yes. The thing is, ma'am completed our portions. I'm not sure. So, it should be... Okay. If it's okay, if one of you can just ask her, then I can even take the third hour. Because there are some more portions that I need to complete. Is it okay with all of you? You can go for a break and come back and then... You can go for a break and come back and then maybe... Can one of you please just check quickly and come back and then... Okay, ma'am. I'll ask, ma'am. Yeah. In the meantime, online students, do you have any questions about the assessment? You just have one more assessment, right? Any of you have any questions regarding the assessment? Online students? You can please unmute your mics and speak. It's good to hear some of your voices. Okay. I just hear from Viku who says no. What about the others? To be nice if the online students are more engaging in class. Maybe some of you can just unmute your mics, read the scripture passages. Just unmute your mics, ask questions, any doubts, anything that you feel you're not understand and still please speak. Because I basically have to respond from the online students and sometimes I'm wondering whether you are there or able to understand whether I'm going fast. Please feel free to give any feedback regarding the class. Because sometimes I'm just teaching, moving from one point to another. So if there's anything that you can give a valuable feedback and suggestion on how we can improvise the lectures, the classes, the assessments, please feel free to write. You can post on the stream page. You can unmute your mics and even talk after class and we could do that. Okay. So class can be more engaging and that would be good. So you're okay with your assessments? You just have one more to go online students? I thought it was two more. One we should have to turn in today. Yeah. And another one which is going to come the next week. So today you turn in one and one. Yes. Yes. Okay. Yeah. But I mean this today is kind of online for everyone. So I think that's when we can unmute, right? But in the normal case, we can't. Isn't it? Yeah. The normal cases. Yeah. Yeah. The normal cases. Yes, you couldn't. But then in the last two classes we had made when I was doing it in person. We had made a facility where the online students could also unmute and speak. Yeah. Yeah. Sometimes, yeah, that's easier because by the time sometimes we text, it takes time. So it's nice when we can unmute, but I thought in the normal case we don't. But today, of course, when we have the combined class, yes, we can unmute and speak here. Thanks. Yeah. Thank you, Nina. I completely forgotten about that. But yes. The two classes prior to what, you know, when I was teaching in person, we had made that facility for students to also unmute their mics and speak. Is Sean back in person students? Okay. Thank you, Sean. So is it okay for the other online students? Can I take the next hour as well? That is from 10. Sorry. From now we go for our break. So it will be from 1110 to 1150. Okay. Online students. Okay. Thank you, Jason. What about the others? Okay. Okay. So then we'll, you know, go for a break and then we'll come back at 1110 and then we'll start class. Okay. Thank you, everyone.


Derivation of the aggregate supply curve. The students, the aggregate supply curve shows the relationship between the price level and the aggregate amount of output that forms supply. Variable assumption is that firms behave differently in short-run and long-run. In short-run, their behavior is that they are willing to supply any amount of output that is demanded at a given price. In short-run, whatever price is fixed, they fulfill the amount that is demanded. In long-run, their output level is normal and profit maximizing. In short-run, their output level is normal and profit maximizing. In short-run, their output level is normal and profit maximizing. As a result, in short-run, the aggregate supply curve is not changing because the price is not changing. So, the output of whatever is demanded is going to meet. So, the short-run aggregate supply curve will be a horizontal curve. Now, let us draw it. Similarly, in long-run, I have told you that in long-run, what is the behavior of firms? What is the behavior of firms? In long-run, we assume that all the prices, all the wages that are flexible are adjusted. All the markets are cleared. The labor market is cleared. The labor market is cleared means that the employment is at its full employment level. That is, the demand and supply where they intersect is determined at the employment level. So, the employment level determines the production function and the output level is determined. So, what will happen in long-run? In long-run, the output will be fixed. Whatever is the price level, they have to adjust. The output should not be changed. So, what will happen in the long-run aggregate supply curve? The fixed output level will have a vertical line on its horizontal axis. And in the short-run, I have told you that it will have a horizontal line. Let us draw this. Let us draw this. The output is taken on the horizontal axis and the price level is taken on the vertical axis. So, this is the short-run aggregate supply curve. In the short-run, the price will be fixed. So, on this price, whatever is the demand, the demand of the output will be fulfilled. So, short-run aggregate supply curve is like this. Horizontal line. What will happen in the long-run? In the long-run, I have told you that the output level is fixed. How is it fixed? The prices will be adjusted. The markets will be cleared. So, the demand and supply level will be determined by the employment level, which we are calling as the full employment level. So, it is fixed there. And when we put it in the output production function, the output will be fixed. So, this is the output. The prices will be adjusted. The output should not be changed in the long-run. So, that is why in the long-run, you have the output fixed. Whatever prices are changing, but the output remains at its full employment level. So, you have the vertical curve and the short-run horizontal line. So, when will the short-run aggregate supply curve shift whenever firms change their prices in the short-run? When firms change their prices in the short-run, the short-run aggregate supply curve will shift. Factors like increased cost of producing goods lead firms to increase prices shifting the SRAS curve up. In other words, if their cost increases, they will shift the curve upward in the short-run. And vice versa, if they are reduced, they will shift the curve downward. And anything that increases is the full employment output. That will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve. If it increases, then the long-run aggregate supply curve will shift upward. And if the full employment output decreases, it will shift downward. And what are the factors that will increase or decrease the full employment level? We have read in detail that the labour force is reduced. So, your labour supply curve will shift and the employment level will increase and the output level will increase. If there is a change in productivity, then the full employment level will be changed and the labour product will increase. And the labour demand curve will shift and the employment level will increase and the full employment level will increase and the long-run aggregate supply curve will shift upward. So, today we have done an overview of the long-run aggregate supply curve and how it will be determined and how these shifts will be done without the labour force. Thank you very much.


Today, I'm going to be teaching my students a comprehension reading strategy. I'm going to use any book that I have in my classroom, and I'm going to start reading the book. While I'm reading the book, I'm going to stop at various places, and I'm going to ask the children questions like, who's in this story? What's happening in this story? Where is it taking place? This comprehension strategy helps the students stop while they're reading and ask themselves some questions to make sure they're understanding what they're reading. Something else that you can do when teaching check for understanding is use a check mark and gesture. The kids really like that, and it helps them remember to ask themselves questions about what they're reading when they're reading. Try this today in your classroom.


Welcome to Geneva and Wissis Forum 2022 and I'm delighted to be joined now by Comrade Sangwa, who is Chief Minister of the Government of Meghalaya. Chief Minister, welcome. Thank you so much. You've just flown in and you've been nominated. That's right. We have been nominated and we are one of the top five champions in the use of ICT in governance and development. So we're waiting for the results and we're hoping that we win ultimately. And tell me about the project. It's a project that's quite simple and it really looks at ensuring that different departments in the government sometimes tend to work in silos and don't talk to each other and also at the same time how these departments then further provide services at the grassroot level to the public. This entire project, which we are calling the Meghalaya Enterprise Architecture Project, really brings a full blueprint into that project and allows departments to talk to each other and at the end also the department and the government to allow the services to flow to the people. So that's really what it is all about and if you flip the coin it ultimately leads to the sustainable development goals being achieved. So really the point is here how the governance and how use of technology can improve the overall services to the people and in the process achieve the sustainable development goals. So did you implement a specific sort of IT project to help with communication or was it simple? So basically what it is it's actually a complete architecture of the entire governance and we have multiple services. We have over 1000 services that we provide within departments, interdepartmental and to the people. So this enterprise architecture allows all these services to be connected and therefore what happens is at the end we're able to perform and deliver in a much more efficient manner and we're able to provide the services in a much more quicker manner to the people. As I said ultimately achieving the sustainable development goals also in the process. So it just emphasizes the importance of collaboration and communication? Absolutely and the use of technology in that entire process and what we have started off you know a simple example I can give you is that one part of this project is something which we call e-proposals. So traditionally a proposal that we used to put up by particular department could take anytime between 45 to 60 days for the proposal to process and to be cleared simply because there were multiple layers in it. Now what we do is using technology the same process which took 45 days is to be completed in the manner of 2 to 3 days. So that's the kind of time we save and the overall efficiency that goes up. So now imagine this multiplied into every single department multiplied into every service we provide to the people at the end and you know if you look at the country in India we have a lot of areas which are very far-flung and not connected and administration is not within the reach of the general public in some areas. Hence again technology helps us to reach out to these people and save that entire time and also the effort for them to get the services that they need. So all this entire enterprise architecture encompasses all these aspects into governance and delivery and development at the grassroot level. Yeah and that's really interesting we had a really shocking statistic today which was 46% of learners who were impacted by COVID and couldn't go to school and not connected to the internet. That's right. Yeah that's true and in fact in our country also we had similar challenges but then again with the use of technology and with the use of connectivity though we were not able to reach all because there are some parts which still don't have the required bandwidth and the connectivity but to a large extent we were able to overcome that because of the fact that we had technology with us to reach out and have online classes even in rural areas of the nation. And what are you most looking forward to your time here at WSIS Forum 2022? Well I look forward to really listening to others and seeing what other champions have done in their field what other countries and other states are doing. I think it's a great platform and an opportunity to learn from each other. Our challenges might be different in nature but sometimes the different technologies that are there which we may not have thought of I think would really allow us to learn more. So I really look forward to what others have done and to learn from the others. Chief Minister thank you very much for your time. Thank you very much.


Two, three, advanced. Three, just pay shipping and mail. Which brings attached, no obligation. And a bada-bing, a bada-boom. I'm all cleaned up after the run today. What a run it was in the studio. Talking with all of you about the Amsterdam Marathon and I have a lot of notes. I'm also gonna put some B-rollup of me actually working out the Amsterdam Marathon training plan into my calendar. But I'm gonna be looking at my phone a lot because there's a lot of numbers I wanna communicate to all of you. And I guess I'll just say at the beginning right now, listen to your coach. If you have a coach and you're training for, Berlin is coming up, New York City, Chicago. I'm simply trying to be as open with all of you as possible about my training plan. Keeping in mind, I still have never raced a road marathon. And the reason, okay, I was gonna save this for the end but I'll say it now. The reason I don't go out and hire a coach, one is a little bit of money, but two is I love testing the waters. I love failing and figuring out what is working and what is not working in marathon training. So like with Cleveland, I ended up with an injury. That was a moment of learning and I hope down the road, I'm talking like, I hate to break your heart but I'm talking like 10 years from now I will maybe think about becoming a coach. But right now I'm focused on dabbling and figuring out, once again, as I already said, what's working and what's not working within long distance running, whether it's half marathons, marathons, or frankly, ultra marathons. So that's where I'm at with the reason why I don't go out and hire a coach is I love the process of figuring it out and dabbling. And kind of that mad scientist approach where I'm just like, okay, tinker, tinker, tinker, let's do the vest, let's do 14ers, let's do threshold runs, let's do nine minute and 55 second easy days per mile. Like really slow bopping along easy days. So anyway, that's a little rant for you today. Okay, before we dive in, first of all, in the full review of the Nike Turbo II, I do have an update for you, a little bit of a concern. Yeah, a little bit of a concern in the Turbo II. Again, that'll be publishing as soon as possible. Hopefully in the next 24 to 36 hours, 36 hours, I'll just put it that way. Okay, today's run was 20 miles, 32 kilometers, seven minutes a mile, right where I want it to be, or so seven minutes a mile, or let's see, I wrote it down, is 420 per kilometer. So felt smooth like butter, as I think I posted on Strava. Just like I felt smooth and yes, it was much easier than running with a 20 pound vest on my back, that is for sure. So okay, let's dive into it. First of all, let's count it out. One, two, three, four, five, that's right. All the way up to what number? How many days left until race day in Amsterdam? 47 days to go. That's music to my ears. In fact, I think, I don't even know if in the Cleveland Marathon training block, I'd have to go back and look. I think it sadly was about right now with like 45 or 40 days to go that I got injured leading into Cleveland. So I'm so happy that this training block is shorter. And those were two major lessons from Cleveland. First of all, the training block was too long, was too many days. And number two was I did too much speed work, I believe on pavement or concrete. It was mostly pavement, which frankly, just so you know, pavement is from what I've heard, just a little more forgiveness than concrete. So if you live, if you only have pavement or concrete to choose from, choose the pavement. So those were two lessons from Cleveland. And but if you do the math again, 47 days to go, minus, you all know how much I love a three week taper. So 21 days, so 47 minus 21, correct me if I'm not doing the math right, is 26 days of higher volume, higher intensity training before the Amsterdam Marathon. So this is exciting. And also I'll just make note of, I am doing two more trail races before Amsterdam. And the second one is exactly three weeks before Amsterdam. So that'll be right when the taper begins, which is perfect timing for me. Okay, let's dive into, as I promised, volume. So how many miles per week will I be running leading into the Amsterdam Marathon? And there's a lot of numbers here. I'll also look at the screen, look at the titles because I'll be converting everything to kilometers as well. So last week, which was the week, was it the week? Yeah, it was the week after the Pikes Peak Ascent. I did 70 miles that week, keeping in mind, leading into Pikes Peak, I tapered for three weeks. So frankly, my legs were very fresh. I wasn't sore at all after Pikes Peak. So my legs are feeling really, really good right now. So 70 miles last week or 112 kilometers. This week I'm gonna hit 80 miles for the week or 128 kilometers, which by the way, this is race week, meaning I'm racing on Saturday out in Utah, as many of you know. The following week, September 9th to the 15th, I believe it is, I will bump it up. It's time, it's time. Like time is of the essence. I will bump it up to 100 miles for that week or 160 kilometers. And then the following week, I'm gonna go between, so just so you know, for volume of training, I have a range. I don't lock into one, like I don't say, okay, I have to hit 100. It'll be like that 95 to 105 range. And then the following week, the 16th to the 22nd will be 105 to 115, probably like 110-ish. And that'll be the highest I hit leading into Amsterdam, which is, okay, you'll have to look at your screen for the kilometers. I'll put it down there for all of you. And then the following week is race week, leading into my second trail race, the last trail race before Amsterdam. And I'll drop it down to 80 to 90 miles for that week. And then begins the taper. And for the taper, I will go 70, 50, and 30 miles per week, respectively. Again, keeping in mind, I always run on a range. So I don't feel like I have to hit an exact number. And that range is always right around 10 miles. And of course, I have to be vigilant of, it's all about feel for me, everything. My head, my mental state, my legs, I don't know. I guess my gut, even like, is my body responding well to the food that I'm eating? Everything is by feel leading into the taper. Okay, moving on to workouts. So I will do two threshold workouts in the next 47 days, just two. And that's a lesson from the Cleveland block. I think I ran too many threshold runs, meaning a threshold run for me is right about 520 a mile. But keep in mind, I'm running at elevation. So I'm at 5,000 feet here in Denver, 5,280 feet to be exact. So I will do a nine mile threshold run on, oh my gosh, hold on, I have it written down here. Let's see, looking at September 18th to the 20th. And then the second threshold run will be a 13 mile threshold run October 1st or 2nd. And that'll be it. And so many of you, I don't know if you know this tip, but if you're training for a marathon, a lot of racers run a half marathon about three to four weeks before the marathon, approximately. Some people do three weeks, some people do five weeks. I wouldn't go below three weeks. I think that's too close. I don't have time nor the resources really to go fly to sea level and race a half marathon fast three weeks before Amsterdam. In fact, it just doesn't work with my other training, with my trail racing schedule. So therefore I'm gonna treat the second threshold run the 13 miler as my basically tune up half marathon for Amsterdam. And again, it'll be at 520 per mile or 318 per kilometer for both of those efforts. And yes, they will be on dirt. I promise I will not do it on pavement. Again, that was the big lesson. I think the reason I had a stress reaction in my left foot was too much running on pavement. And then as far as anaerobic speed work leading into Amsterdam, I'm basically locked in to two speed sessions. That's it. You know my philosophy, especially for a marathon is that the marathon is an aerobic event. It's a stamina. It's an endurance event. It's not a speed, it's speed work helps. But I'm telling you, in my humble opinion, it's way more important to focus more of your training on building that aerobic base, that foundation for the pyramid. I won't say that again. I've repeated that too much already. So that is my approach. So I will only do two speed sessions leading into Amsterdam. And okay, so first of all, on October, no, sorry, on September 24th, I'm gonna do eight by 800 meters with 60 seconds rest. And then on October 8th, I'm gonna do 12 by 1K with 90 seconds rest. Both of them will, the 800 meters might be on grass soccer fields. And then the 1K repeats will probably be on a dirt track that is here in Denver. That's so a softer surface once again. So no pavement. Yeah, it's crazy. It's hard for me to say that because I'm getting ready for a road race, but I'm just trying to be extra careful. I don't wanna run on hard pavement or concrete as little as possible. Like today's 20-miler, it was probably 14 miles on dirt, six miles on pavement. Like it's just, unless I drive somewhere, like it's just hard to always run on dirt when you live in a city. I get it, but you gotta work with what you have sometime. Okay, so those are my two workouts. But in addition, I will not forget plyometrics, form drills, and of course strides. So even though it's not a ton of speed work, I'm still gonna be working on baby turnover and explosion in my legs and those fast twitch muscle fibers in my legs without doing a hard, hard interval session. So I'm not forgetting that 47 days to do that. And then the weighted vest. Yes, I'm not done. I will wear the weighted vest two times in the next 47 days. So not too bad. Remember, I only wear the weighted vest once or twice a month. So not too often. So I will wear it in two more workouts in the next 47 days. Yes, in an uphill effort, meaning a mountain. And then let's see here, what else did I have noted down here? I have here noted injury risk. I just have to be careful. So I know a lot of you are kind of concerned and I appreciate your concern on Strava and down in the comments about how I train. I know it's high volume, but just so you know my history, when I have had stress reactions in the past, and that is my number one injury is stress fractures and stress reactions, is high volume coupled with high intensity. And especially when I'm wearing shoes that don't have a ton of midsole cushion. That's been my history with stress fractures and stress reactions. So therefore I'm going to seek out dirt. This is why I'm going to continue to train in the mountains because the mountains slow me down and I'm not running at high speeds. Like I'm telling you, like I know, and even the weighted vest, I know it's hard on the body and it's more pounding, but based on my history and my experience, that's like the weight it's, I'm not going to say it doesn't matter, but it's the intensity of workouts where I have to be very, very careful. So that's why I've reduced my threshold training in this block and I've, and I'm only going to do two speed sessions, two interval sessions in this block. Yes, okay. So we're moving along here. Thanks for bearing with me. I'm just running through like all of my thought process in planning out my training and trying to be again is arriving at the starting line in Amsterdam as fit as possible and as fresh as possible. And I should probably add a third thing to this little, now I'm going to say trio of sayings, fresh, fit and healthy. Okay, so that is the goal. Okay, is that it? I know, let me just see here. Did I, hold on, let me just check. I could talk the rest of the night about training for Amsterdam. I think I'm going to leave it there. I'm going to talk about the meetup in Amsterdam here in one second, but I want to dive right into the question of the day. Marathon training is in full swing across the world, across the world folks, it's so exciting.  Anyway, I feel like it's been a long time since we did a watch party for a marathon, but it's about to kick into high gear with Chicago, Berlin, New York. And I'll just even say it, like Tokyo is not that far off in 2020. So anyway, and not to mention all the smaller marathons around the world as well that are not part of the Abbot Marathon World Majors, Abbot World Marathon Majors, however you say that. So, okay, question of the day, with marathon training in full swing, what questions, and I'll do my best to answer as many of them as possible, but keep in mind, but the veteran marathon racers out there, I might need your help down in the comments, but what questions do you have for your marathon training? Maybe for this fall, but it might be too late, okay? Again, stick to your plan. Stick to what you have set out to accomplish based on, you know, maybe you started training in July for Chicago, like stick to your plan. But if you're getting ready for Boston in the spring, like maybe now is a good time to start getting those questions going. So what questions do you have for marathon training down in the comments and then the meetup in Amsterdam? Are you ready? Are you gonna be in Amsterdam at the marathon? Here are the details for the group run in Amsterdam. And all right, I had to just pick a date and pick a time and pick a location. I just had to do it, all right? So this is what I came up with. Friday, October 18th. So two days before the marathon, all right? So then Saturday, I'm just gonna chill out and rest. So Friday, October 18th at 10 a.m. local time. So whatever it's, you know, in Amsterdam, local time. Friday, October 18th at 10 a.m. local time in Wandel Park. However you spell, actually I'll put it on the screen in a title, Wandel Park, all right? But the park looks pretty good size. So where in the park are you ready for this? We're gonna meet at the statue of Juist Van Den Wandel. Van Den Wandel. So I'm not saying that right, but that's okay. Here's a picture of the statue. So we're gonna meet at this statue at 10 a.m. on Friday, October 18th for a four mile or about six to seven K shakeout run. Meaning nice and easy, nine minute pace. You know, very easy pace. We're just gonna enjoy nine minutes per mile. We're just gonna go easy. I might do some strides afterward, the four miles or about six and a half K at that statue. I cannot wait to meet all of you. And yes, we're gonna go with, we're gonna go with Wandel Park for the keyword. I know I'm not saying that right, but that's okay. I can't wait to meet many of you. There's a lot of folks who are racing and it's gonna be fun and I will be wearing my green hat at that statue. So hopefully you can find me there. And all right, here we go. Thanks for watching. Thanks for tuning in. And yes, a couple of shout outs to some old vlogs.  Also, that'll be on the right and on the left. How to plan a training calendar. That'll be on the right. All right, I love you guys. Thanks for being here. Thanks for watching. Seek beauty, work hard and love each other. See you tomorrow.