So, welcome back to the room and let me introduce you to our first remote presenter, Hong-Qiang Fan. We'll start. You can start. Hi, everyone. My name is Hong-Qiang Fan and this is my first time to attend this Linux Summit. You can see I'm very excited and it's also a little bit surprised that I can be selected on the agenda. I'm fairly new to Linux. So if I make some mistakes or errors, that's obviously to you guys, please be nice to me. And I'm working on some CXL related stuff. CXL is also a new concept and many of you guys might know one of the potential usage for CXL is about memory expansion. So we have some, this is still in the concept level because we don't have any real CXL device yet to work on, but just some thinking about how we can use CXL memory together with the container software. So let's get started. So first thing, why we talk about container and software memory interface because currently there are kind of device driver for the containers which is called storage interface. It's a middle layer between the containers and the many storage system like the cloud, NAS, fabric, persistent memory. So the whole system can work together better. For memory, we are thinking about a similar idea, but due to the fact that memory is so different to storage system, so we are thinking about what could be the changes and how to make that happen in an easier way. So like showing the presentation, the container storage interface only opens to file storage, but if we want to make this container to better utilize memory, probably we need some APIs between the system and the container software. So something maybe people will call it memory interface. There are some possibilities like currently persistent memory can be used as a direct access device and CXL device probably can be treated the same way, but is there any performance difference because an ideal CXL memory device can be used as system memory. There is very little change required for system to use it. And what's the benefit could memory interface can give us? One thing I think is it will provide us some opportunity for Turing system, even though how to implement it and where is the best location for the Turing system is another question like people may have a lot of discussions. And the other way is the container could be used as, I mean, the memory interface could be actually a fabric management layer that control the resources on a large scalable memory system. So just here are some very basic scenarios I think where the memory interface could happen. The first scenario is very basic, it's basically nothing need to be changed. The container uses whatever the system is providing to it. And on the second scenario, there's a little bit more. So we say the container itself wants to implement a Turing engine. And the Turing engine needs to know which piece of the physical memory space are from the DRAM and which space are from the CXL. And if there are different numerals, it's numerals the correct way to use it or direct access to the physical space is the better way. And the third one is the container itself doesn't care about Turing, but let's do the work with the memory interface itself. And the last scenario is just trying to expand the scalability. Different servers could connect it to the same memory appliances. And each of the server can request the memory based on its need. So that's pretty much what I think about the usage for the container memory interface. It's as I mentioned, this is a very early stage of the work and there is no real hardware for us to do some experiments yet, but it's things are early. So what we would like to know or we would like to discuss is is there possible to have a common standard, not like each company is making their own standard for the interface? And if so, what kind of parameters, APIs or data structures that the kernel needs to provide to the software?  And where to put the memory tier engine? Is it better to be inside the container or is it better to be on the interface or just install it or implement it in the kernel, let the kernel handle everything? And the other one is about the fabric management. If there's like many servers connected to the memory appliance, what people like to do? And as I mentioned many times, it will heavily involved with the design of tiered memory engine. So I think the rest of the time will be open to discussions. Myself is not yet very experienced. I'm still learning and trying to get more involved with the memory management side. So I would like to listen to the experts here in the meeting room and other folks online. Any? So I had a question. When I think of the containers, is this a C group problem? Could we manage this at the C group level and just carve out Pernuma node allocations? And why do you need the CMI interface? That's just my thought. Yes, that's also a good question. I think the C group is probably the best or simplest place to start with. C group now can assess the maximum of memory. But I don't know if there's a way or is it easy to implement the same? I want to give so much memory from this NUMA node and so much from another one. I don't think we have any interface like that. But what we have is CPU sets that can bind you to a particular set of NUMA nodes, which can help and but I don't think we have any quality of service for, let's say, defining how you want to spread your memory on those specific NUMA nodes. So is that something that would be really necessary? Or you can work with just defining the NUMA list of NUMA nodes that you want to operate on and use memory C group for limiting the total amount of memory? Yeah, yeah. I can see that like you see group can control the total amount of memory is visible at this point. The problem is now nobody knows or at least there's no real hardware for this one. No real application scenarios. All those are kind of in imagination. So what's the problem is, at least I would like to just propose one use case like saying one hypervisor is running maybe 10 different containers. I want to keep them kind of their memory performance similar. So I want to give them exactly the same size of the DRAM and the CXL memory. So if that's the case and the C group is able to like same limit the memory size by different NUMA node, that would be a way to accomplish this. But if that's really necessary or how much real usage, I don't know. I can answer that. There are people who want capability like this because in systems where persistent memory is used kind of in a volatile mode, which we can do in mainline today. They want to be able to set up things and say, hey, we have a container that somebody paid the cheap price for. So we're going to give them a lot of slower to your memory. And we have another one somebody paid top dollar for it. So we're going to give them lots of regular RAM. So people definitely want to do this. And it matters even before CXL is in the picture. So systems that are doing this with Intel Optane today would like to do something like this. And I did post a URL in the chat to some patches that kind of start down this direction. So there are people who have the same problem today. So is there any way to solve this with NUMA control now? No, not easily. So with NUMA control, what you can do is say you can lock somebody away and say, the allowed nodes, you're not allowed access on a DRAM node. And that would put you all on a slower tier. Or you can say, you're only allowed access to the DRAM node. Then you're kind of in a fast tier. But it's kind of all or nothing on a node basis. And there are problems there. Like if you lock somebody, sometimes people have the resistant memory node, for instance, all as zone movable. And if you set only to be able to access on a new movable only node, strange stuff happens. So there are some not great side effects from what's happening now. So no, NUMA control isn't good enough today. People really do want to be able to mix and match these things a little bit. And like was mentioned, this is kind of a quality of service thing. It's kind of like right now it's all or nothing. And people want to kind of have that be a little more of a dial where you can select in the middle there. So within a NUMA node, we need a way to identify the memory and then a way to attach to it. Well, remember that this is one of the prerequisites of all of this is that the memory that you want to manage is like every different class of memory, every different set of memory with a location and a set of performance characteristics is already in its own NUMA node. So we're not talking about subdividing existing NUMA nodes. Everything is already in its own node. And the firmware kind of told us how to place it like this. So this is starting off with a system that already has all of its memory. Tier is divided into different nodes. So I know that the current work is really focused on DRAM and something slower than DRAM. But one of the challenges CXL is going to pose is all of the above. It's going to be a spectrum of vendors and a spectrum of performance targets and configurations that you're going to have four or five different... I mean, in a pathological case, you're going to have more than just two performance classes. And I don't know if we need to start thinking about that kind of stuff now or at least I think we need to just get good at the two tiers first before we start worrying about the five tiers. But I notice that the patches you posted are those are the managing between the top and everything else. So I think there may be a difference between the kind of system that a hobbyist might assemble and something that an enterprise cloud vendor would put together. I don't know that an enterprise cloud vendor is going to put together a system that has so many different one-codes, but I don't think you can get on. Yeah, I see the states not to worry. Oh, I would just second that. I think we should start with these use cases that are well-defined, right? Like, by everyone kind of saying like, this is my vision of what it looks like between the cloud sort of people and the hardware people, right? And we all kind of come to say like, this two tiers where we start, right? And here's kind of where we're at. And instead of my worry with all this is it gets out of control really fast, right? And so I would go for the slow approach with tangible use cases. Yeah, the only thing I'd say is I think there's actually a very sane three-layer case. There's the CXL memory, there's regular DRAM, and there's HBM. I think that's a system that makes a lot of sense to put together. I haven't heard of one that makes sense to put four together, maybe to exist, but I want someone to tell me what it is. Well, I think the CXL also isn't a monolithic thing either. You could have DRAM attached via CXL, which is going to be slower than something directly attached to the CPU. And then you could have, for instance, Optane attached via CXL. So you could have multiple CXL attached tiers. And since it is an open standard and anybody can build a CXL card, I would very much expect there to be a lot of weird CXL devices out there. And there'll be a pretty diverse group of devices. So rather than there being like, hey, CXL devices are going to be one tier, I think there's going to be a bunch of different kinds of CXL devices. And actually, people have even talked about what if a system didn't have any direct attached DRAM? CXL might be the only way that you attach normal RAM to a system as well. And one proposal I saw recently in the list was just to default all memory to top tier and just let the driver decide now this should be stored here. Yeah. That actually seemed like a pretty sane way to do it up front to me. So you got to start somewhere. So actually, that's another kind of a question or idea that I really want to propose is you, the Linux need to know the performance of the device. Like whoever builds up the system should have some idea about how this CXL device performance relative to the DRAM and the other CXL device that he's going to plug into the system. So is that he should provide some configurations then let Linux handle the rest or Linux is able to auto balance the performance just based on how it works. Well, so there is quite a bit of standards work in this area. ACPI has a longstanding way of enumerating the latency between different numerals. And so that's there. That's been there for a long, long time. There's also some newer things happening at ACPI around this. And I know not everything is ACPI, but just I'll talk about the ACPI world here for a sec. There's something called the HMAT, the heterogeneous memory something table. And that actually will give you individual read and write latency and bandwidth for every individual proximity to main ACPI, which is roughly a new node in Linux. So we have that in the standards world today. And then for CXL, there's also the CDAT table. And I have no idea what that even stands for, but CDAT. And that provides basically the same information as the HMAT does, but for CXL attached memory. And I think Dan's in the room there if I missed anything there. But there is a coherent. Coherent divide attribute table. But so I just wanted to point out that everybody's using the term CXL device. Excuse me. But you really need to make sure you're thinking about the fact that these things participate in interleaf sets. And it's not the way that CXL redefines your memory regions are no longer just here's a device. And so you have to be really careful when you start talking about new nodes and mapping them to a device. Because I think you're moving into an area where that no longer applies. So yeah, just for those in the room who maybe weren't familiar with that, it's an important aspect of the spec. I was also going to say that Linux today, we're still very married to the idea that new nodes have distances. And that's how we organize them and prioritize them. So Dave mentioned we have the HMAT. Other firmwares might have something similar. But we just publish that information. It's not really plumbed in any kind of sane way into the kernel memory policies, policy decisions yet. But yeah, I think that's coming because the CDAT is something that is a per-vendor published table that tells you nominal bandwidth, read-write bandwidth, read-write latency. And then the kernel has to, when the driver, unless the BIOS mapped it, the driver has to go parse that, figure out how many devices are there, the switch routing to it, and then tells the kernel, hey, this is this new node has about this performance. But right now, today, we have to boil that down to a distance number, which is, I think it's OK to start. But yeah. It's a very small baby stuff. Just because when we see Excel opens up, I think new classes of media, right? And so there could be read-write asymmetries. And me personally, looking at PMEM before, I think it was very, the NUMA distance didn't work, right? Because there was a read-write asymmetry, right? And we need to advertise that up to applications so that they know and they can act on this information. Yeah. So like Dan said, it is actually in a place right now where applications can read it. It's dumped out in the NUMA directories and stuff. So people can't actually figure this out if an app knows where to look. But I think the harder question there is how the kernel makes decisions around here. Because right now, all of our fallbacks for NUMA node allocations are based on that one distance number that Dan was talking about. And so not that we want to do this, but today, let's say that somebody had a really right-heavy workload versus somebody that had another workload that was really read-heavy. They might have different preferences about which NUMA nodes they want to fall back to. Because they want to stay away from the guy that's doing a lot of writes wants to stay away from the media that has really slow write performance. So right now, they have to go figure out uses based on what they're going to do and kind of map that onto a NUMA policy themselves. There's no way for the kernel to... There's no currently no implementation in the kernel that uses any of the information to do anything smart to say, oh, this application is doing a lot of writes. Maybe I don't want to put their allocations there. I'm not saying we should do that, but I'm just saying there's a lot of opportunity there. There's a lot of data that we're not using or consuming in the kernel at all to do anything smart with it. Maybe we don't want to, but there at least are a lot of options for us. We're leaving a lot on the table today. So I want to get back to the presenter about this question about placing a tiered memory engine and certainly the kernels is working on making this as automatic as possible for applications that don't want to care about NUMA, which is probably most of them. Like I think most people don't want to worry about NUMA. That's the kernels problem. So when I see things like tiered memory engine, I'm worried about the kernel and you just basically getting in fights about who's doing the tiering and when. At least with this device mapped interface, you basically explicitly take the memory out of the kernels control and do it yourself. But I'm not sure if we want like a hinting-based daemon in user space that's instructing the kernels tiering versus it's either all kernel or all user space and the MMS not involved. Yeah, but that seems like a future decision. I do wonder what folks think about that though, because we already do have, in theory, we could have fights between auto NUMA and NUMA policies. I think we fixed that today by just saying, auto NUMA, essentially the kernel enforcing some kind of NUMA ordering or NUMA migration, completely stays away if it sees any users-based policies set. So I don't know whether we need something similar like that here or whether once we've started to do some smarter things in the kernel, whether we need the kernel to stay involved. Because maybe for auto NUMA, it really is, it isn't super-duper widely used. And I wonder if we get to the point where these configurations become really, really common and the kernel is doing these migrations in a, you know, on a more frequent basis, like across the ecosystem, whether we'll need something a little more, I don't know, a little smarter than what the auto NUMA thing is, which is just turn myself off when I see users-based expressing any kind of intent. So I wanna ask our presenter, Hong Zhang, do you see deficiencies in the current NUMA APIs for expressing what you need to express or were you seeing some of the gear-matching problems? So with the, yes, it's really, what I really like to get achieved is like a way to, just set a limit of memory based on either the NUMA node or based on the range of, well, it sounds like a little bit scary, like a directly tell the application state. You have a memory, physical memory that you can use from this here to there. This seems a little bit over. So asking, like after considering it, that's probably just like says a new knob in the NUMA control or C group is a better way to achieve what I would like to get. One thing I would just want to let you know in terms of not having hardware. So I'm in a position to have hardware, which is nice, but I know not a lot of people will initially. And so what my kind of shameless plug is to try to push QMU forward as well. I'd like to like bring that up in here that way people can experiment with this too, right? And start working on these interfaces. And so my suggestion is to take a look at those patches, review them, start working, and then you can kind of move the kernel forward with QMU, just to put that out there. The problem with that is that it's limited on the testing. You can create the different topologies of interest you want and kind of like experiment with that, but like when you want real numbers, you're gonna come out lacking. My idea for doing that is not about the performance numbers right now, right? If we want to talk about interfaces and like this seems to be an interface problem, why is that not good enough now to start, right? And to like really experiment and say why the interface is not good enough yet? You can right now without the, I mean I'm all for the CXL support in QMU. I'm just saying that it's also, even to test interfaces, I don't see it that necessary because most of the examples I've been seeing are just fabricated with different NUMA topologies just with QMU right now. I guess that's the fun part of QMU, right? Like fabricating all these different topologies and then seeing like from the kernel side, can I control the corollies, but this is the way I see it. But I think what Dave's saying is like at the end of the day, all that driver work ends up as just a NUMA node number. And so for testing the interfaces for better NUMA numbers, we can do that without emulating policy Excel, but it doesn't get interesting when we're trying to do the algorithms of like translating CDAP, but yeah. And there is some more fine grain stuff that we have to go do at some point, which is to say like, when is it worth moving one of these things and how much does it actually cost to move a page around and do all the TLB shootdown and all that stuff? So there are ways to do some of that today. You can get a persistent memory machine and you can kind of treat that like another tier because it will act differently than DRAM. The only thing that we've done in testing is to take a two NUMA node system, a system with actually two sockets and essentially treat that second node as far away memory and run it as a single socket system. So again, that's not a system of course, but it kind of looks like one if you squint at it funny. So there are ways to play with things that kind of resemble the future systems on today's. So you can do it without, that's what I'm saying. That's of course a heck of a lot more work, but if you're actually worried about performance and how some of these things will look on a real system, that's as close as you can get today, but you can go buy one. Yeah, that's really good. Okay, Hong-Jun, you can go ahead and wrap up the summary. Yeah. Yes, so that's the last page of my slides. So yeah, this is very good information. And just hopefully there will be a lot of more usage for the CXL and people I think that there are two more sessions talking about the tiering engine, we'll get more involved in the CXL and a lot of new kind of application cases. Okay, yeah, I think that's done for me today. Okay, thank you. Yeah, welcome to the MM community. Thank you.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jashbskatesprac.com. We're gonna give away the Jets in Optic Pikachu number six, we're selling out the break guys with this 2020 Mosaic football no huddle pack break, number 23. And again guys, quick little pack break, 16 spots, everybody gets two random teams, NFL. Then at the end of the break, we will take all 16 customer names, randomize them, top name gets the Jets. And I didn't actually put the two R team front of it, but this was a two random team break. So that's why there's only 16. So, good luck guys. Here we go, Dice Roller. There's the customer names there, so I'm gonna double them up for the list, but when we do the randomizer, it'll be a one in 16 shot. Maybe some people got confused, but it was only 16 spots. So here we go, let's do the break first, okay? Roll it. We got a three and a four, seven times, good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Stephen Flatt down to Kobe. And again, this is just for the break. Got a little pack filler here, seven times now. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Damn, I wish I could, Jack. I don't think I'm ever gonna meet him then. If he's only there on Fridays at 515. I'm here on Fridays at 515. Tell your nephew to investigate if he's there like on a Sunday, Monday. Then maybe I can meet him. But I will tell my brother though. All right, so again, there you go right there. All right, we're gonna alphabetize. I'll go let you see your teams really quick, and then we'll do the quick pack filler. All right, here we go, from Mosaic, no huddle pack. See, we get out here, you never know. Sometimes we can get some pretty big stuff. All right, maybe not here though. Max Crosby, Barry Sanders, and look at that little Joe Burrow rookie. And that's gonna go to the Bengals and Kobe. Little rookie, little rookie there. Now let's switch scenes and here we go. So again, one in 16 shot guys, number one gets the Jets. Let's roll it again, and we got ourselves a three and a six for nine times this time. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and boom, Kobe. Three and a six, nine times at Numero Uno. So play the nice odds game right there. Boom, paying a fraction of the price. So Kobe, you're now gonna have the Jets in number six, and coming up next is Pikachu number six, Jatsby'scasebrakes.com, thank you.


Okay, here you go. Drink coffee, save a dog. Oh, that's amazing. Thank you so much, guys. Awesome, nice, nice, nice. There's some coffee here. This is the queue for the break first, but I think we can get coffee here already, yeah. Let's get some coffee then. Dos? Dos, dos, gracias, gracias. Gracias. Do you want some sugar? Yeah. Where are you guys from? I'm from Germany and he's from England. Team or maybe like half an hour was really uncomfortable. So I'm happy about that. I woke up at one point in the night and I was like, and I seriously, I was like my neck's broken. I don't even know. Yeah, I'm glad that then it's over. Yeah. Bring on a new day in Baja, hey? So here's what you get for breakfast. You get as much coffee as you like, which is great. We've got a little apple juice each and then basically a mix of eggs and ham. So we're just going to have to try and take the ham out of it. There's beans, some bread and some tortillas. Yeah, let's see what we can do with this. All right, the motorcycles have been called. So I'm on my way down to go and reunite with Bumblebee. Cool. There she is, Bumblebee. Safe and sound, hey? There we go. Into the daylight. We've hit land on the Bahar Peninsula. It's a crazy beautiful sunny day, 25 degrees this morning as well. Woo, nice. And I'm riding in effectively pajamas, socks and sandals and a t-shirt, which feels kind of nice, but it's probably not all that safe. Anyway, I'm not going to go far. I'm just going to head over to here somewhere, park up and wait for a little Lavi. I'm not going to wait because I'm a motorbike. Okay, so I think here I have to pay some sort of fees. I read that I had to pay a fee before I left the port. All right, so the port fees were 105 pesos, which is about five pounds. It's not too bad. And now I think I have to get out of here round to the entrance and I think Lavi will be coming out there. Beautiful, look at that water. Beautiful. Hola, buenas. Buenos. Buenos a tu. Ah, Suzuki, Suzuki. Yeah. J.S.1.E. What is your name? My name is Oliver. Perfecto. Okay, gracias. All right. Hola, buenas. Buenos dias. Buenos dias. Buenos dias. Eh, Topolo Babbo. Gracias, gracias. Ciao, ciao. There we go. That was not too hard. Just showed my temporary input permit for Bumblebee to say that we're allowed to be here in Mexico. That's basically it. Whoa, look at these pelicans on the boat. Amazing. Ah, aqui. So this looks like the entrance, so Lavi should be somewhere around here. D-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d. Yes. Yes. We made it. Did you miss me? Of course I did. It was only 20 minutes, wasn't it? Was it? Did it feel like a lifetime? It did. Oh, sweet. I was worried about you already. Sweet. Ah. It's okay, I just had to sneak my way through all the military, knock a few people out, and then we'll be through. Great. I actually had to take a bus. What? Yeah, from the ferry to here that dropped us off here. All right. Let's get sweaty. Yes. Sweating already. All right. Let's do it. Let's hit the road. I'm already sweaty. Good morning, world. Welcome back to the channel. It's day number 384 on all circumnavigation around the globe by motorcycle. We have just arrived here on the Baja California peninsula after crossing the Bay of California, the Sea of Cortez last night here in Mexico. Yeah, amazing. And the landscape looks so cool. You can see like cactuses everywhere. Yeah, this peninsula is supposed to be absolutely beautiful deserts and hills, lots of cactuses, and lots of beautiful riding ahead. Amazing. On our way up to the US of A. Woo. And look at the water. Oh my god. Beautiful. It's like it's just beautiful here. Absolutely beautiful. It's a totally different feel to where we left on the other side. Yeah, holiday destination here. But we are here much later than we expected to be. We thought we were going to arrive at 8 in the morning, but because it was so delayed last night, it's actually 11 now, which makes it a bit tight because let me show you guys where we're heading today. So we are here. And today we're going to be taking this road south to around here to visit something really special before turning back around, heading back to La Paz, and then continuing our way north on this road here. Yes, before going up the Baja Peninsula on our way to the US, we thought we'd stop by at a super awesome place called the Cerritos Beach Dog Cafe in Los Cerritos. The GPS says it's about an hour and a half to get there. So we thought it was worth the detour to go and check this awesome place out, but I'll tell you guys more about this place and the work they are doing here a little bit later. For now, let's just cool down and just enjoy the ride. Wow, beautiful, absolutely stunning here.  And look at the hills, just cactus on the hills. Amazing, nice, wow. There's some big cactuses there. Incredible, so cool. So cool, wow. So we seem to have lost the door of our GoPro just on the road a second ago. Oh, I see it, I see it, I see it. Please don't run our door over. Please don't run our door over. We were charging the battery. Oh, I'm going to grab it. OK, we were charging it on the back, which means you've got to have this door open to actually charge it.  Let's be careful with the sand. So we've made it down to the Pacific side, the other side of the Baja California peninsula. And man, the temperature has dropped. It's like 24 degrees on this side. Yeah, it's absolutely incredible. I'm almost a little bit too cold. It's crazy, it's like, it's dropped by 11 degrees since we were on the other side. Incredible. Now the Cerritos Beach Dog Cafe is actually a rescue center for stray dogs, a rescue and re-homing center. So what we're visiting today is their cafe and all the profits from this cafe go towards their work with the stray dogs of this area. Yes, for the coffee we will be having there. The money goes straight into the welfare for the doggies, which is really nice. This place was actually started by a team including another YouTube couple called Aimen and Beck. I saw an episode on their channel about setting up this place. And so when we knew that we were coming across to La Paz and coming on the Baja California peninsula, we thought we should definitely, definitely make a detour to come down here, support these guys, support the work that they're doing here and go and have a nice coffee. Yeah, and seeing some cute doggies. But it is pretty tight for time because they're closing in literally 25 minutes and we've only just managed to get down here in time. Well, it's still a pretty epic place here. Certainly is Los Cerritos. Ah, it's a beautiful place to be. Yeah, amazing, absolutely amazing. Just a couple of speed bumps. A nice little detchie there. Hello. There it is, the Pacific Ocean in the background. Amazing. Beautiful. Cerritos beach dogs, coffee and dogs. Coffee and dogs. I like it. Hello. Oh, hello. Hello. Thank you. We're heading up to the USA. And by the way, can you guys get a coffee? Yeah. Somos Cerritos Beach Dog, una fundación para el rescate y el cuidado de perros. We are a rescue and cafe located in Cerritos, Baja California, sir, Mexico. And here we serve coffee, it's a complete nonprofit and we also have dogs that you can adopt. And we have Wally Augustina here who takes care of all of our dogs. And this place would not exist without her. So much is missing here in Mexico because, well, there are dogs everywhere and I think that's what you need the most, which is rescue, care and adoption and above all, awareness, education to people for sterilization, vaccination and not abandoning animals. So if you're in Baja California, sir, don't forget to come by, support us and follow us on social media. Take a coffee and play with dogs. Yes. It's beautiful. Drink coffee, save a dog. Oh, that's amazing. Thank you so much guys. Awesome, nice, nice, nice. The guys at Cerritos Beach Dogs are gonna put our sticker on the door of fame.  Look at that. That is beautiful. Gracias, thank you. Awesome. Look what the guys gave us. But we're kind of part of the team now. Beautiful, very nice coffee. Yeah, super tasty. And the guys working there and running the place are just so super friendly. They're so super friendly and welcoming and they're just doing amazing stuff there. I just think it's so cool we could come down and just show our support. Yes, yes. You could really feel like their passion about their place and yeah, it was really cool. You guys are doing amazing work. You guys are amazing. But now it's time to head north, north, north because our next goal, our next destination is the border to the USA that we may or may not be able to cross. King has crossed. Thanks, Oxo. They have always had fried beans. But that looks like a tasty, tasty treat. We also decided to book a room in La Paz after such a bad sleep on the ferry, like literally almost no sleep. We just couldn't face going like much further today. So yeah, it'd be quite good to take a room for tonight and just recover a little bit and then we can hit the road like properly tomorrow. So we've made it back to La Paz. Pretty much where we started the day. We didn't make much progress, but we did say hi to a lot of super cute little dogs. What more do you want? We found a hostel in town. It's pretty much the cheapest room we could find in town. It's 23 pounds a night for a double room with a shared bathroom. Give us a good chance to rest. And then we can definitely make a good day of it tomorrow and really start exploring the Baja California Peninsula. Anyway, it should be just somewhere here. Oh, look at this beautiful whale mural. I don't even see a sign on that one. Yeah? Okay, good for you. Okay. You don't like the camera or you do like the camera? Good evening, guys. We made it. Happy to live. And very tired, very exhausting, but this room here is so nice. It's nice and cool. The bed is really comfortable. So I think we have a promising good night. Yeah, this is definitely what we needed. So we didn't make it too far today. Literally a few kilometers from where we came in on the ferry this morning, but it was definitely worth it. It was really, really nice to head over to the guys at Cerritos Beach Dogs Cafe and it's super cool that we can now represent them with our amazing t-shirts. Yeah. Thanks so much, guys. That is so cool. Amazing. And the logo is really cute as well. Yeah, it's like a Mexican Day of the Dead themed dog. It's really cool. I like it. I like it a lot. So now from La Paz, we have three rides to make it to the US border and we're hoping to cross on the fourth day from tomorrow. But of course, we still don't have our exemption letter from the Environmental Protection Agency. So this is gonna be a kind of go there and see if we can make it through kind of thing. Yes, I am a little bit stressed at the moment. I can feel inside that I'm really not relaxed because of this letter. I just want the next four days to be over as quickly as possible that we can cross into America. So in four days, we'll find out. And that's it from us today. We hope you enjoyed the video. If so, please give us a thumbs up, subscribe to the channel, share the video with your friends and family. Comment below. And if you really, really like our videos, you can join us on Patreon. The link in the description below. We will see you next time. Yeah, I'm not really fit to ride too far today. That's for sure. No, man.


I'm Chief Foreign Officer 3 James Landrum, I'm the commander and bandmaster of the 101st Airborne Division Band. We partnered with the Romanian Navy Band and we're here to build relationships with our host nation partners and to conduct as much outreach into the community as well as across the military lines as possible. They already had a series of concerts planned for the 120th anniversary of Navy Day this year and so they said come on partner with us. It is our great pleasure to be in your country and performing with the fantastic musicians of the Romanian Navy Band. It's been incredible. When we get together as a combined band we're sending a combined message to the audience and reaching out from the military into the community. I think my favorite moment was last night on Navy Day Proper. We had processed all the way through town with all the cadets from the Naval Academy carrying their torches. The Navy Band started firing up the hoda which is the Romanian traditional circle dance and so everybody from the community is coming into the circle. Musicians from both bands are coming into the circle and we're all just dancing and having an incredible time. I've just I've never been a part of something that's so emotionally and viscerally engaging in that way being able to live that as a professional musician in the military to see and feel what we can do to build relationships. It means a lot.


Okay, very good morning Thursday 30th of April. I hope you doing well Just having a quick look then of what I'm going to talk about a bit of an update that you can see here about drone How what happened with the Fed yesterday? We've got a couple of earnings reports to be aware of Microsoft and Facebook in particular That has caused a little bit of reaction in late hours in US trade and overnight We've got some earnings reports to look out for of course Amazon Apple now reporting bit later on this evening We've also got then data throughout the day and an ECB interest rate announcement to follow up from the Fed yesterday so plenty for us to talk about and Just having a quick look at the charts of the general sentiment for the market open and Relativity steady in the currency market. You would expect this to be the case With the ECB looming on the horizon only a couple of hours away and typically even though as I'll discuss potentially no real concrete action and a similar vein to the Fed more a bit of a Pledge and promise to do whatever it takes and therefore queuing up Potentially more things to come at the proceeding meeting meetings in June perhaps So both the currency pairs. I mean euro is trading flatter at the moment and pretty similar for cable at the moment Just sitting above its pivot level Equity markets index futures positive the DAX about 122 and it follows the Nasdaq futures It's off its best levels, but still up 61 Maybe perhaps that I've had an S&P Chart marked up anyway from some previous discussions that we've had and you know What a mighty rally that we've had in US equities You know since that bottoming out of the oil concerns when price meant negative at the beginning of the prior week We've now rallied the best part of almost 10% in the S&P 500 so a Combination of different things obviously yesterday And I'll run you through that some of that Gilead news in a bit more detail. We had a technical breach of the resistance points of what we were seeing From the prior day session on Tuesday and that came a mid around when the Gilead news was hitting market and then After market well, we've had first of all the Fed and I'll explain a little bit more about that in a second but a little bit of an initial dip on I guess if anything a bit of a lack of Clarity maybe perhaps some people looking for a little bit more commitment But I don't think he was ever going to do that at this point in time given the lack of visibility Going forward about how the virus is going to perform so subsequently the policy actions are going to be needed So we had a little bit of a move down on the first part of the event with the Fed And then we moved kind of back higher throughout the rest of session then obviously Microsoft Facebook came out and that helped bump things up Late yesterday, but also a kind of rebound in overnight Asia-Pacific session. We have some Chinese PMI data as well that generally was okay domestically at least I'm just a slight fade of that as Europe come in but still positive overall. So yeah That's the equity story in fixed income not too much going on Marginally higher about three and a half in the 10 year the bund up 14 this morning ahead of the ECB Gold a little bit higher up about 20 dollars. It sounds like a large amount, but tricky one to trade really from a fundamental perspective because gold has become a little bit disconnected in that in that typical Kind of flights of quality sense because as you're seeing again this morning We've had I think technically you can see here. I'm just looking on a 30 minute candlestick You've had a retest of what was the high point that we saw just very late going into yesterday's session And we had a test of that very early in the European morning, and we're just managing to trade above there now So if anything perhaps a little bit more technical with the move Given it's a little bit counter-intuitive to the general risk appetite from there The equity movement that we've had over the last 12 hours or so, but let's get stuck into some of the headlines and Jerome power, you know, one of the reasons why we had a bit of a two-fold event here was that yeah initially Not a lot of commitment that came from the statement But then when the Q&A got underway obviously one of the first questions that the journalists were asking is that look Jerome You've deployed a lot of tools so far What else have you got, you know under the bonnet in case we have a large significant second wave of infections and The economy deteriorates even further than the new 4c and he basically said that it's looking likely that they're gonna need to Do more at some point in the future and for anyone who's new to markets. That's pretty much what we'd call the code words The nuances of central banks speak No central bankers never pre-commit. They will never specifically identify a date future in time of which They're going to take a certain course of action because if they do that inevitably There's so much uncertainty between point a and point b that they could end up then reversing that decision and therefore the market will lose confidence in that they're going to follow through on their commitments and One of the greatest tools that a central bank has which is its verbal communication Which is a tool just like interest rates and QE in a sense of how it manages market expectations is going to be diminished So here that that's kind of wording for me is prepping up then come another month or so I either June meeting. I think then you're going to start to see potentially a little bit more evidence of course about the severity of the the impact that the The lockdown of this month in particular has had And so they'll be in a better position as well to look at the virus and The loosening measures that have taken place and how the global economy is faring and they can Take a decision at that point in time. So that that was Jerome Powell the other thing of course was Gilead Sciences Some commentary yesterday, of course was firing up expectations again that potentially Remember, this isn't a vaccine as such. This is more a therapy using the remdesivir treatment that What was suggested yesterday from some of the Primary endpoints of the trials is that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases otherwise known as the NIH They said that remdesivir results indicate patients who received the therapy had a 31 percent chance of a faster recovery than those with the placebo and So this is what they're trying to do. They're trying to find an existing therapy remdesivir was actually used in SARS and Ebola so it definitely has a pretty decent track record of results But obviously in a in a different Situation in terms of an actual virus, but again, these results are very positive and markets liking that because then you know Is that going to help accelerate this reopening of the economy? Not that it's going to bring forward perhaps the vaccine coming, but it helps ease then that potential Earlier identification of these trends means that they the governments can respond quicker The thinking being and so therefore have better control on this kind of contain and delay It's kind of strategy of allowing further outbreaks in future. So definitely positive The CEO of the firm came out and basically said they've got more than 50,000 courses of the cut the company's experimental therapy packed in vials and ready to ship And as soon as the drug is authorized for emergency use by US regulators now on that front Obviously, you know going through medical sciences that these drugs coming to market go through a arduous process and very lengthy in order to get Tested through various onerous measures to ensure that they're safe and so on but in this case the federal Formal approval would likely take months and require far more robust results than what the company has revealed so far But during the outbreak the FDA Have shown willingness to clear medical products for emergency use with far less data than usual because obviously needs must if there's a pandemic and real human Casualties at this point that obviously they're going to do everything they can to fast track it in that respect So definitely worth keeping an eye on we have kind of been here before a little bit with Gilead sciences Obviously, we had a bump up in markets and then that shares shot back down again After the the kind of overall results and themselves were quite partial This seems to be a little bit further development now upon that that narrative So again quite positive, but I guess something to just keep an eye on going forward The other things then that we've had going in chronological order a couple of earnings reports of of a large market cap nature last night Which have definitely helped in the the overnight session Microsoft their shares were up 2% in aftermarket trade quarterly sales and profit was up Lifted by demand for internet based software and cloud services And if you think about it here as the headline would suggest everyone's having to Work remotely from home and of course then this meaning that you know the usage of particular internet based Software so thinking about the office and that obviously is quite a subscription model So the the the company has shifted to over recent years and that's proving very successful You know Microsoft teams these types of applications as well are very widely used And so they're benefiting on the back of that So their revenue gained 15% topped analyst estimates and obviously the getting the boost from homebound consumers at the moment The other company was well was Facebook their shares were even better aftermarket than Microsoft They were up 10% in aftermarket trade and we are talking about one of the largest companies in the world here They reported an 18% increase in first quarter revenues Showing advertising demand was strong before the actual COVID-19 pandemic hit Daily users the company's app climbed 2.36 billion in March and One of the interesting things here. They said that There was an impact from the lockdown that commenced in the middle of March in America But then more globally however one of the comments that a lot of the analysts were jumping on them What they're saying underpinned the strong rise in their shares was the fact that after initial steep Decrease in advertising as marketing budgets were generally Titans given the situation at the end of March they have seen signs of stability already in April and so again this nature of Investors market participants being forward-looking. They they kind of jumped all over that and that's what caused it at the share price to Rally so aggressively looking further forward to today, you know, it's it is busy in terms of corporate earnings So just to give you a bit of a flavor of some of the bigger market cap names to look out for again in chronological order mcdonalds reports at midday You've then got the likes of Altria Comcast Conoco Phillips all reporting at midday London time. This is and then after market That's when we get the the big boys Amazon and Apple are the two that people will be looking at most closely And we'll see whether or not they can follow suit if you think about it really Nice response in an alphabet shares that we had on the back of their earnings now Microsoft now Facebook so these really big tech names which obviously Helps them that disconnect if you like between what had been this kind of the the reality of the health of these companies intrinsic value on their balance sheet comparative to What we've been seeing in the the overall kind of valuation of the stock market which has been surging higher Even though the economic reality reality is very dire What we're getting here a little bit is you know quite depressed Expectations for earnings a lot of these larger caps superseding those things like Microsoft though and Amazon if you think about it in terms of From the consumer particularly being home bound whether working or for just generally living their lives Demands on say those two company services actually probably even more so Than normal because of this unusual situation and the fact that they're so large these companies We're talking 1.2 1.3 trillion dollars worth in market cap There's such a large proportion of their respective indices like the S&P 500 if they perform well They're going to drag up the rest of the index with them So yeah, these have been been quite important to help continue this this rally that we've been seeing over the last couple of sessions For any of the guys on the distribution list, I've sent this out to you So you'll have that in your inbox for the anti guys The other thing we've had overnight is some Chinese data. You've had the Manufacturing PMI as you can see here We had this quite severe dip on the back of the readings that would have been when China main land was in full lockdown We already had in the prime month a quite Decent bounce back and generally speaking the manufacturing PMI non manufacturing PMI have held up However, this purple line is the one I just wanted to show you really which has remained in very deep Contraction and that is new export orders. So basically what this chart would suggest with these four lines There's one it's quite disconnected and much more negative and that would suggest then that basically Domestically perhaps things stabilizing a little bit. I'm not sure if you've seen there's been quite a lot of Graphics going around about the general kind of traffic congestion rates. Now. This was something we were tracking as alternate data Back when we were trying to see the impact in China Just given really the lack of visibility or transparency with their data It was quite a good way Retricity use general traffic to get an idea of activity within those regions and and that's really shot up So definitely they're slowly returning back to a degree of normality and Domestically perhaps things okay for the moment or somewhat stabilizing But the problem is is that you know, they are still quite a heavy Obviously orientation towards exporting goods and at the moment if the rest of the world is going through this severe Economic situation and that's going to have implications on the speed of which that they can recover And we're seeing that with the new export orders still remaining heavy in contraction Oil prices. We're up another dollar and a half this morning trading at 1662 Yeah, I was listening to Sam yesterday talking to some of the the new guys and I think he made a pretty good point It was he was saying, you know, if you if you listen to Finn twit Which is you know people on Twitter who talk about things related to markets, you know, a lot of pain Out there because a lot of people were kind of so sure that prices were going to go down and they've been proved Badly wrong because you know after getting down to ten bucks where we're now, you know, we're up $7 above that almost doubled the price over the course of the last a day or so so Couple of things that people are looking at here is obviously we had the weekly infantry data yesterday Some people saying that, you know, that's the show to build but the build was smaller than expected It's like decreasing what we had seen in in in previous weeks A lot of people as well looking at the fact that you know the kind of we've been monitoring the operational rigs in the US Have been declining so naturally the production rates are also Moving lower and we're seeing similar in other countries like Norway the OPEC kind of Gulf nations as well So, you know as we go into may as we were anticipating these kind of pledges to move production lower in combination with generally their response of which Energy corporations will have to make with such a low price point Inevitably we're going to start to see a little bit of a rebalancing and as we're seeing with China You know with these traffic levels across the nation picking up again the economy in the PMIs not getting too ahead of our Self but somewhat stabilizing, you know demand and supply are coming slightly more back into the realm of Equilibrium or be it's still a little bit way to go just yet But that's what's helping underpin the oil price and its continued recovery from from very depressed levels at the moment On the coronavirus side a couple of different things not going to spend too much time on this Basically UK sizes up lockdown options and underscores second wave risk Dominic Rab, you know, I got from a political point of view and You know, don't don't don't take this as a as what I think from the market because this is totally disassociated But I do think that Boris Johnson is going down quite a Donald Trump route in a sense that for me Donald Trump if you remember he named Mike Pence the vice president as the coronavirus Sa and for me perfect strategy from Trump That means then that not only now he's issued state governors the responsibility of the reopening plans and the implementation of that The overall coronavirus dealings are Mike Pence's problem not his So as much as we know that a lot of the pressure comes from the top at the end of the day Other people will take the fall if it goes wrong and I think Dominic Cummings Obviously the the real brains behind the operation at number 10. He'll know this and I think he's adopting a similar strategy I'm unfortunately for mr. Mr. Rab I think he's going to be thrown under the bus when Potentially then if this goes wrong and that that then just sees Boris through and now see Boris having another child I think it was yesterday that was he gives another reason as well to kind of step back give rab more of the rope For keeping Boris out of the the kind of firing line But we'll see the point is here from a more markets Sensitive perspective Britain will next formally review its lockdown strategy Basically this time next week the 7th of May and that's where we're gonna be looking for more details really fantastic article in the FT today And I'm gonna tweak some graphics. So my handles here keep an eye on that but Italy Spain Germany, they've all outlined specific dates and specific measures that they want to do in order for this phased Reopening of their economy Britain hasn't done that yet Which makes sense Britain was slower locking down. They're slower coming out and given the rate of infection still relatively high in some senses Then we're gonna have to wait till May 7th But it's quite good to see then how this is going to work in practical practical terms The UK's deputy chief medical officer Vantam suggested the virus could persist for some time potentially until a vaccine is available So the idea of course as we know now is that this kind of ability to conduct then face to face It's going to have to be limited. There's going to be social distancing probably for several more months on going It's going to be a very graduated Period over the next probably 10 to 12 months until that a vaccine becomes more widely available The other countries of course Germany They're actually new coronavirus cases increased the most in four days Yesterday Merkle is due to consult with state premiers today or whether to lift more of the curbs imposed to stop the disease spreading So those conversations you might get some comments out of Merkel later on today and then from Trump As we were just discussing really If it's not Mike Pence's fault, if it's not the state governor's fault, well, of course, it's China's fault It's the Chinese virus The and he said yesterday the Chinese are determined to stop him winning another term He said that the trade deal has been upset by the pandemic however Other trade advisors it within the administration yesterday said they're still committed to getting the Previous agreement done in phase one of the trade deal. So again a lot of political posturing going on, you know I know it's hard to remember, but we do have a Presidential election happening in only a few months time So he's got he's got a marketing campaign and machine to roll out at this point So nothing particularly new they're all fitting within the narrative and again, you know, Trump is a master of this I was showing this to some of the the guys yesterday and I think it's such a good graphic to really summarise the tactical approach from Donald Trump Whether it be preemptive framing and and what we're seeing a lot of at the moment is diversion and deflection You know, if you remember when he was being or attempted to be impeached At the time that was when his his frequency of tweets Was unbelievable. I think he did over a thousand in one month And this is this is all completely going down this route And I think that's why at least all things remain equal at this point despite America and the globe going to go through Some of the the most difficult hardship in its history I still believe he's going to survive this at this point in time and he'll he will beat Joe Biden But we shall see there's obviously many more months to go The final thing I want to talk about here is the ECB Gonna cover this live obviously later But the ECB is to judge them if a trillion euro stimulus is enough So here's a here's a great crib sheet. I'm gonna tweet this as well when I finish the briefing. I always think that What the guys at ING do with is preparing these kind of infographics Which act as a bit of a matrix then to really break down What is a fairly complex event into a much more actionable parts? what I mean by this is basically they have The current stance which is in in orange and they focus on the four key Areas of policy of which market traders are going to be looking at so inflation outlook and growth outlook the interest rate and QE decisions and this pandemic emergency purchase program the PE P And it's on those four points then that we can determine how basically hawkish or dovish the ECB a being And therefore if you're training things like the euro dollar pair for example, this is what I'd be looking at The thing I always say to people isn't monetary policy Particularly now it's so incredibly complicated. I mean if you think about the Federal Reserve, you know We talk about the PE P P I mean there's about 15 others of those of which I can't even remember half of them that are in play at At this point in time and that that does increase the complexity in trying to understand the language when the central banks are talking My advice though to any trader even if you're an experienced trader as well as a new trader is Try to cut through all of that Specifically pick out the single things that you're looking for So that when you hear all the noise on the squawk or you see all the headlines or you listen to a press conference You know your ability then is you already know what what's going to cause potentially the word the phrase the sentence It's going to move markets so that you can just eliminate and be very Reactive in a in a prepared sense to be able to take action if necessary So here the reason why I like this is because you have this kind of you know more dovish scenario Going down more hawkish scenarios here RNG putting out some kind of euro dollar targets depending on the outcome Or the mix if you like that we get over these four different Key areas of policy the baseline. I agree with them Recent data suggests CPI pickup will take longer Yes, recent data suggests significant slowdown activity. Yes, we know that's likely to be the case on Interest rates and QE no change forward guidance for lower rates for longer. I Agree and the key thing here is that PEPP program Hints at an increase and scope in the June meeting. So as we were saying about drone pound fed I expect pretty much the same thing from Christine Lagarde the thing that I'm looking for here really In summary is this idea that Christine Lagarde needs to come out and basically Reiterate her pledge that she will do whatever is necessary to get the job done I think by taking the actions that they've done so far as with other central banks. There has been Quite a lot of confidence in markets restored by the scope of actions and the timeliness of what they've done But more as pal said yesterday is probably going to be needed And so we're looking for hints of that the more she hints if she was to explicit and let's say Goldman Sachs For example, they think that the ECB will go for a 500 top-up to QE this meeting They are in the minority here, but that is a possibility if they just go ahead and They they take an immediate move then to increase the QE program. Obviously that's going to have a meaningful impact on prices So, yeah, let's see how it plays out I'll be covering that as and when it has as and when it is happening Calendar-wise for today just to wrap up Through the morning a couple of different things Obviously, we've had the GDP numbers out of France already this morning Yeah, not pleasant reading GDP was down 5.8% in Q1 and Expectations were I think for minus 3.5% so worse than expected this comes of course after the GDP contraction in America Of 4.8% that's the worst decline since the financial crisis in 2008 How much is this impact in markets? Very little of course because a lot of this is already priced in and remember We're talking Q1 and people are more kind of obsessed at the moment on making those forward-looking decisions on Q2 All right, that is it for me for the moment. I can hear my My little one screaming in the background. So I'm not going to talk any longer Quickly then you've got the flash Eurozone CPI and GDP at 10 o'clock this morning. So do you keep an eye on that? It's probably One thing for any euro related assets that could create a little bit of short-term movement But be mindful any trades on the back of that would likely be short-lived People want to clear the deck ahead of the ECB, you know always despite probably the lack of Tangible outcome for many policy changes No one really wants to carry and hold risk into that event There is a possibility that they go as far as announcing as soon as today a top-up to that that purchase program In the afternoon you've got from the US then Personal income core PCE price index the weekly jobless claims of course Probably lesser impactful now than they have been in the past people very much aware now of that situation of the Unemployment and what it's going to look like for the America going forward and they've got Chicago PMI Canadian GDP as well coming out later And that's it. That's a wrap. So Any questions let me know Otherwise, I'm gonna let you guys get on and I wish you a good day ahead. All right. Thanks very much guys


What makes for excellence in heart care? It starts with one of the most amazing teams of heart surgeons and cardiologists that I've seen assembled under one roof and the region's leading technology in a new 40 million dollar facility. This is the nationally recognized Heart and Vascular Institute of Eastern Kentucky at Pikeville Medical Center. Pikeville Medical Center will be hosting two upcoming job fairs for those seeking new career opportunities. The job fairs will take place on Thursday, February 16 at the PMC Training Center and Saturday, February 18 at the PMC Urgent Care Center. Some of the positions needed include nurse aides, clerks and secretaries, but other entry-level positions will be available as well. So we're looking for a lot of different positions and some needed positions are nurse aides. We need clerks, we need unit secretaries, we need some registrar positions. A lot of entry-level positions are very much needed. We always need nurses and different things like that, but our job fairs main focus are some entry-level positions which is a good thing for everybody in the community. You do not require any experience for these positions. You can come in off the street, we can train you that we can have you ready to roll fully functional just within a couple weeks of orientation. The best thing about our job fairs is that we have management there onsite. So you come to our job fairs, you're ready for an onsite interview, you get to meet the management of the department so you get to see kind of a feel of who you'll be interacting with every day. From there you'll do your interview and if everything goes well, you'll come away with the job offer and then from there you go to our HR paperwork system so you can get started within just a week or so here at PMC. So it's a great opportunity, kind of a one-stop shop, come there, meet everybody, get interviewed, come away with the job offer potentially so it's a great one-stop shop. The work environment at Pikeville Medical Center exhibits a mixture of passion and professionalism. For those interested the PMC job fair accepts applications from all levels of qualification. It's what we do whenever someone comes in you know we if even if you don't know what you're really interested in we try to you know sit down with you talk it through try to find a good fit for both you and us so you know we want to find a good match there. The work environment is different depending on where you work and that's obvious we have clinical settings we have office settings like we have so there's some different work environment you have but there are some things that are consistent among PMC. You want to find great people to work with, you're going to find people that are passionate about what they do, you're going to find people that's passionate about the community and helping out with others so that's some consistencies that we have no matter where your setting is you're going to see those people who are really interested in helping out the community as a whole and bringing everybody in together. Reporting from Out in Top News, I'm Nick Collum.


Ukrainian defenders destroyed Russia's R-93-4B Sinitsa automated jamming station using Ahimars. Ukrainian defenders have destroyed Russia's R-93-4B Sinitsa automated jamming station using Ahimars rocket artillery system. The command of the Ukrainian Special Operations Forces published a respective video on Facebook. The enemy target was discovered by operators of the 3rd Regiment of the Special Operations Forces during a special reconnaissance mission. The crew of an unmanned aerial system adjusted and directed the Ahimars fire of a Ukrainian artillery unit at the enemy target. Besides, Ukrainian warriors have destroyed Russia's OSA surface-to-air missile system and Pol-21 electronic warfare system in southern Ukraine. The relevant statement was made by Ukraine's Southern Defence Forces on Telegram. Over the past day, the enemy's losses have been as follows. 41 occupiers, 9 guns, 1 OSA surface-to-air missile system, 1 PLE-21 electronic warfare system, 4 Shahed-136 drones, 12 armoured vehicles and 1 boat. The report states, Additionally, Ukrainian forces smashed one Russian ammunition supply point, one observation post, one unmanned aerial vehicle control centre and one Vityaz surface-to-air missile control centre.


Hey, it's Colonel Ben Johnson, the sixth air-fueling wing commander, and it is an exciting day to be at McDill to be out on our air-fuel here and be able to watch us do hot-hit refueling with our mighty Stratotanker, the KC-135. So what you see behind me is what we call hot-hit refueling. We're actually refueling it on the ground with one of the engines running that enables us to actually have the minimum time on the ground. It reduces the chance of other maintenance problems arising that would take longer to fix to get it back airborne. And it keeps it on the ground a shorter duration if we're in a high threat environment. So again, we're advancing our warfighting capabilities. Our airmen from McDill, our aircrew, our maintainers, they were doing this downrange in the Middle East, and now we're doing it here in a training environment at McDill. So that's going to help us do this in every area of responsibility globally to make us a more lethal fighting force. And so proud of our maintainers, our aircrew, our POL, our fuels airmen from the logistics right in this squadron, that are all taking part in awesome teamwork to make the next leap in airpower in the KC-135. Accelerate changer lose is the focus point for the Air Force. In order to win, we must better processes that we have in place or change them to make them better. Today's great example of Team McDill's innovative airmen accelerating change to ensure that we never lose. You know, we've used innovative ideas from throughout the ops maintenance team to ensure that we can provide combat airpower to combat commanders any time, any place of their choosing. Multiple units participated in order to safely complete this process and get our jets back in the air, including individuals from command posts, six maintenance group, six operations group, safety, fuels, airfield operations, and many more. Total Air Force ready ready Air Force. It's kind of the same way as it ties into the accelerator changer lose. So right now I'd say the biggest pressure is just making sure that we're doing it safely. The team that we have, you know, the really expert technicians, we're constantly evaluating the process, making sure that it's as safe not only for the, you know, the ground technicians, but also the pilot co-pilot, the boom upstairs, just making sure that we're doing this right safely and efficiently. We don't want to, you know, get into it too fast. We're going to take baby steps until, you know, we're fully implemented. There's no questions and everything is as safe as possible.


Well, I guess our biggest goal is to, we have two new players coming in. Two new players, because we didn't have anybody leave. So the team that went to the Nationals last year is back. And so one of my goals is to get 10 guys below 80. That's my goal, to have 10 guys below 80. And if I can get 10 guys below 80, we can compete in a lot of tournaments. And that's what I want to do. Do I have, do we have that? On paper we do. But I got to see it at Piney. I know everybody coming back from last year are very excited. Because again, we took one, two, three, we took four freshmen to the Nationals with Alston as a junior. And that's pretty good, you know, just to make it to the Nationals. Is it going to be hard yet? Because the other teams, the other schools, Lebanon Valley, Alvernia, they're out to get us. Because they always want to know, what do you got, what do you got? Look on the paper, see what it is. We have 12 guys on the team, 12. Again I'm able to play, I'm taking two teams to three and four tournaments. And I'm taking extras. So everyone will have an opportunity to play so that after the end of the fall season I can sit down with them and say, hey, look at this, look at that. This is what you've got to work on. If you want to be in the top, because come Conference Championship in April, I'm going with my five best because I want to win the conference. And golf is a game where you put pressure on yourself. And I try to get them where they don't. It's a mental part of it. I try to get them to relax, carry on, talk to them. They put enough pressure on them. If you as a golfer would know, you want to do good.  So I don't have to put pressure on them. They put it on themselves, I got to calm them down. In the fall our schedule is very, very difficult. We have four or two a day, so they're traveling quite a bit. So they can't relax. They can't just say, well, we'll turn it on in the spring, no. Because I belong to golf stats, so we get power ranking. And that's very vital because you can make it as an individual to the nationals, even if you're not one of the top five. And that's why I do all the tournaments, because what if I had seven guys below 75? Then those other two might have an opportunity to make it to the nationals. So that's a goal. And again, golf is goal oriented individual. Even though it's a team score individual, they want to make sure that they do the best that they can. And that's why I like stroke play.


I am Ahmed Merchant. I'm a pediatric orthopedic surgeon here at the Joseph M. Zanzari Children's Hospital. So I chose to specialize in pediatrics because I just love the genuine nature of kids. Kids have one goal. The goal is to get better so they can go out and play, live their life to their fullest. And my job is to bring them back to that level. I will go through every detail of x-rays and imaging. We'll discuss the pros and cons, what's the benefit of doing this treatment versus another, to let parents make the best possible judgment for their kids. When you're going through a medical school and training, it's 10 years of your life of pretty arduous work. But when you come to the point of actually taking care of patients, you see the work that you put in comes back as a child that's walking again or they're back to playing soccer or their high level sport. And you actually see that you've restored this person's quality of life. That's, it's pretty amazing.