T.F.N.N. Headline News Update. Good morning, folks. Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This year, 11-a.m. update. And currently, I have all the U.S. indices that we track trading to the upside. Dow's up 119, about 3-tenths percent. Same for the S&P, which is 12 points. Flat, basically, for the Nasdaq, up five. Russell's up 8-tenths, or 14 points. Some rise up 8-tenths, 23 points there. Trend is up 7-tenths percent. That's nearly 100 points to the upside. Gold is off $7. Silver is up 12 pennies. Lights recruit back a buck 30. Natural gas off 7 cents to 30 treasury. Trading down one in 13-thirty seconds. Trading out at 1-thirty-oh-eight. Let's go take a look at all this might mean by looking at that nine-panel market update chart. We've done with the ES mini. We see we've got breakout going here. We are trading above the top of its daily profile. That's at 4188. Says that it should head higher. Head higher to where? It should head higher to the 40-to-43 level. That's the top of its weekly profile. If we take a look at the spot bulletinics, we are trading below Friday's load. That is a bearish signal for the spot bulletinics. That is a bullish signal for the S&P 500. The Nasdaq, it's at the party, but it is dealing with profile resistance from its weekly timeframe. That's up at the 13-3-48 level. A close above that. And then the A to B equals CDT upside gets underway. The U.S. Dollar Index continues to consolidate with inside its daily profile. It's up into the resistance zone, which is between 101.70 and 101.88. Goldilocks consolidating with inside its daily profile between the level of 1974 all whipped at 20.40 and silver, finding resistance at the top of its daily profile at 25.50. I believe that's more likely the cause of the U.S. Dollar Index rallying up into the resistance level. You got resistance for gold, resistance for the U.S. Dollar Index. Lights we accrued, it does have ATD nine-count bottom pattern, or at least roads meant to mitigate it, I'm going to call which it is. Price should go target that 7802 level. That is the bottom of its daily profile. Natural gas, even though it's got a roads meant to mitigate her bottom, just a sideways move out there, not getting a whole lot of love. Maybe it's under consolidation, hard to say. The 30-year treasury is back inside its daily profile. It's nearly back to a support zone, which is between 129.17 and 129.31. We're printing right now at 130.06. So that's what the nine-panel Market Update chart tells us. Folks, stay tuned for the Trader Zed Show, but if you'll have to start your Monday, please have a magnificent one. We'll look forward to speaking with you again soon. Take care.


What's up, everybody? Welcome back to the channel. What the hell's dance? All right What's up everybody? Everybody welcome back to the channel I'm evil rabbit here I'm for surprising three joined by Joey drift Chevy guy DJF MK six who ate my hamster We're all here for a game address. We are in some 500 horse power cars Hamster is building a new car because I told him he could not use a Miata because last time we did a game drift He beat me in a Miata, so house rules my rules. That's what's gonna happen. 500 horsepower cars. You're playing. Yep I am 500 horsepower car. We are The dirt twist or if you drop more than one tire or hit a car you automatically Get a zero on the zone Or drop more than one tire in the zone You will I make you get a zero which means you will most likely get a letter So we're gonna head to the first zone here. So I'm in my Camaro. You got MK in a hatch You got a whoo to score another Camaro a Jenny and It's an infinity Because why not we got that big infinity you're like my choice. I'm kind of entering in the zone. Oh Remember don't dirt drop. Oh Almost I'm gonna be right up in your bumper. Joey. Hope you don't mind Well, not necessarily everybody could dirt drop or hit a car and get zero you could still win with low points It happened before it's happened Around the last final turn I crossed the line with 37 You are recording right rabbit, of course I am It's not on switch it's on beam we're good It is on beam. Okay. Yeah in the zone. It just runs faster and easier Do you need me to bring your beam up so I can check your score or no? I have it? I have it moved all I'm gonna let you I'm gonna give you that one. That was only one tire I'll give you that The kind of look like to but I was like a good. Huh? What's up? Oh? Oh, I'm giving him that one using my tune so cross the line Can I just say you're I'm using your tune even though. I'm not really even using a tune Out of the way I knew who need to get in car.  Oh My gosh that was close. I guess I'm back. Oh That was one tire. You're still good. So good not bad don't hit the car Nice around inside. No, I'm gonna get my pizza guy What am I pizza? Get your pizza guy twenty three dollars and singles Dang it. I was gonna be breaking. Did you fail? My car stalled That's this is pretty good. All right. Don't stop pushing me Why you don't have enough cheese hamster?  Wow holding line MK Hey stance. You need to meet your bike hasn't dropped anything yet. Oh It was so close drop a tire drop in it He's not going to Cross the line with you 105,504 Lock right off the start Like that one right there. All right, so we're taking this into the zone Nice and sideways auto zone Back yeah, oh that's a tap you hit the van did I get it you hit the van All right, they've lied. I didn't know sparks fly Sparks done sparks flew. Oh geez. Oh my gosh flew and into the zone Uh, you got to get sideways. Come on. We're not tracking. Oh drifting.  I really don't want to mod you because I just don't want to screw this Yeah, that's my problem That's too tired. Yeah The lz bmx on the Oh my god, that was so scary that initiation was like That was one Right before he dropped that extra one. It has to be a it has to be a junction of three people if three if three three people He was like such a bad mood mk mk doing his favorite thing in the world mongees. Yeah mongees. That's that's that's what mk does is mongees That's that's what that's what the m stands for if he goes wide And across the line with 61,000 61,915 right as he goes into the zone Oh Oh, you gotta have to keep a good point. Oh, I got 53 Oh Yeah, yeah, 10 if you're lucky then but that's on a really good day when jake paul gets like a million views Hamster he bought a two-dollar Oh Joe Oh my god Oh my god, I have the best footage of that 125 Shift up and help the million style points. Oh Um, I mean you do got to get sideways to get points Just saying yeah I suggest shifting Yeah, probably shifting Turn off your like auto brake like that would help a lot Wow Fired I don't have a lot of brake on Okay, that was a nice little he's he's making nice little flick though. Oh One tire. He's good. Oh tickling that edge. All right across the line with 70 000 and smashing every car Uh, really? Entry by stance Yo Wow, he saved that from a car too I'm already done by the way, but not enough points Yeah, it's all right finish your run. Just don't fail it. At least you have some pride. Yeah, really? Yeah, I didn't Damn Let's see what you got An exhaust and ignition Yeah That was like a ultimate I went to fifth and then I oh I started in fifth and then I went to fourth and yeah Park Oh, oh no Do we need the brake? Gosh Yeah, just modding around the cars, you know mk monji We should do an episode of no mongees Well, he lost he screwed Oh 147 Where you got right? I talked to him the other day on snapchat. It's pretty funny I Wait, he actually responded you to you again Yeah, he did But like low key those 147 787 is the score to beat oh my gosh I ran out of gear I ran out of gear I ran out of gear. Oh roni. R. I. P. R. I. P. D. R. I. D. R.  Hold on. Hold on a second.  Yes You don't have a real drive car mk. I don't own it Access to it and I can slide it when I want All right, I don't know. I'll drive super that's fast. It's a 350z All right, it's got 28 Good car him and his random bills Lay now. You can't switch cars mid drift Nice and sideways. Yeah, that's true. Oh, yeah, he's got it. That's in. He has got this to a T Hey, I put my own stuff on it and tuned it myself. Oh It is yeah, he's got this one. It's literally perfect. Not really that who you encourage pretty hard to control Yeah, that's who Do Mike Camaro some justice. I'm just gonna say you're doing burnout. Oh Oh mk, look at that. That hamster inside because uh, there's a line of slamming too Don't tell them we're not supposed to help you're not supposed to be helping Yeah, no ghosting bro I'm not ghosting looking looking good so far rabbit Does he look as good as me that's the question And he's done 67 so that gives me to get all right Oh, I'm gonna Austin powers it Joey into the zone Nice and I just hit a tree with the drone because I thought he dropped tires Oh Here we go. Is he gonna get a full pull? Is he gonna get a full pull? It's gonna be a full pull score of 59 5935 I was waiting for it. All right viewers the main reason why we do not have a tesla this episode is because I wrecked it last one I saw sparks Sandwiched I couldn't do anything. I know there was three cars all sandwiching me in so like I couldn't do anything Nice and oh, he's got lucky no try to take it easy Yeah, literally the worst part was like he just he just he just wrecked a car on my screen There was no car. I wasn't able to thread the needle. It was on my screen He just pushed a murk across to space. No, there was yeah, I didn't touch not now even Yeah, yeah, no, it's good. I got you. There was nothing there. You're good If you sent it to space it was a glitch on your screen. Oh, geez Yeah, I'll I'll I'll send you the clip of it because I just recorded it for fun Yep Oh geez tickle in that car nice and sideways though Is the car like being tickled or or do we need to call the cops?  No, he's not on my screen there No, he isn't there's no car on my screen at all My game is loving to put cars in front of you guys apparently because that's two Yeah, you're probably glitching internet wise Because he's got it. He's got 100k. Oh, dude. He's got an easy smooth run.  He's just he's just doing it He's doing it for the bad Yep, hey into the zone.   Oh, and across the line with 63 63 370 I was gonna this car sounds amazing. I thought about doing a dirt zone, but then I realized we would all zero out instantly Oh Oh my god, how how cool and across the line with 70 000 That ebraic Trying to get in my head a little bit He's trying to focus. I don't know. He's playing that you go through Ah, sneaky sneaky In the zone mk Transition oh That is grass, by the way, so that does count as dirt style 56 821. No, I didn't wait for the car. I was just waiting for a certain part of this song. Come on. Let me winx. You can do it Come on. There's dirt there. There's a lot of dirt right there. I have faith in hamster right now And that's a That's a curve. He's lucky. You just got lucky. My god But I don't think he's gonna have enough there's dirt there, but I don't think I don't think he's gonna get it two tires Across the line with what did I have to get? 58 what did I have to get what did I have to get 58? Let me I just recorded it. Let me look at it.   No, no I'm gonna talk while you're going through it. Calm down. Okay. Well Give me a second because I gotta redo that now Wait, is he really just gonna like skirt in and then just low? No, I'm I'm actually gonna run it Hamster into the zone. He's got to finish it without failing mk zero's out So hamster finishes this is it's going to give him the win Oh, he'll have us one tire. I hear a unicorn. I see a unicorn. Yeah You're hamster takes a win hamster wins hamster takes a win for a second one in a row Big shout out to everybody who came out and played it was a lot of fun I'm sad. I got knocked out from the beginning, but you know, it happens. Nobody's perfect and you know, wow Fly by my god. She's Bye. Bye. She's he was moving So as you know guys know you can follow me on facebook twitch twitter and instagram all of which are found in the description box below Thank you, joey dj Chevy mk hamster all you guys coming out playing having a good time. So until the next time guys And thank you guys for watching. I'm evil rabbit and i'm out


Hello. Welcome to yet another session of our NPTEL on nonlinear and adaptive control. I am Srikanth Sukumar from Systems and Control IIT, Bombay. So, we've started our week number 10 in a very interesting fashion talking about robustness in adaptive control. Robustness is a sort of rather critical issue for any nonlinear control, especially for systems such as what you see in the background, which is like a spacecraft orbiting around the Earth. Any small error or instability in your control can lead to complete deorbiting of the satellite and you might lose it forever. So, robustness is very, very key to real performance. In fact, in reality, almost nobody is, no applied engineer would be concerned about asymptotic convergence and things like that. They really look for bounded performance around an equilibrium. And that's essentially what most of the systems such as what you see in this background also do. Because it's impossible in a real system with unmodeled dynamics, with disturbances and such and actuator, inexact actuators and so on and so forth in order to achieve exact asymptotic convergence. So, such an idealized scenario is not possible. Therefore, robustness is critical. And this is the discussion that we are having on the nature of robustness that you have in nonlinear control. So, what we have seen until now is that if you have a very simple system in this case, but in general if you have a strictly appano function for a system, that is a system with V, what with V dot turns out to be negative definite in the absence of any kind of disturbance, then we can actually show that in the presence of disturbance also we have rather nice performance. And what is this nice performance? How do we specifically quantify this nice performance? The first thing we can actually see is that your V function, whenever it's outside a particular set, remember that V is always greater than 0. So, the range of V is just this, so anything below this is irrelevant. So, whenever it's inside this set, sorry, whenever it's outside this set, the function V is decreasing. And as soon as it gets into this set, anything can happen and it doesn't matter. So, that's the idea here. So, again, in this case, it can increase or decrease, but in this, sorry, in this scalar case, it has to decrease here and so on, very monotonically. But this is not generally the case for vector case, for vector situations or vector states and so on and so forth. I've shown you a more general plot. So, once it's inside, of course, it can oscillate and things like that.  Yeah. So, there is an oscillation possible inside this set. Yeah. But outside this set, it is monotonically decreasing. And that's really the idea here. And the same sort of seizure of the Lyapunov function is mimicked in the performance of the error also. Yeah, the error also. The only difference being that V is related to the error with the square. So, V is E squared by 2. Forget, I mean, the scaling divided by 2 does not change too much of the property of the block. But because V is E squared, therefore, E can go positive and negative, therefore. And therefore, the sign is not captured in this plot and that's what gets captured here. So, the bound is just square root of the V bound. But it's on both sides of the zero. It's on both sides of the zero. And if the E starts outside, it again monotonically decreases because V decreases, E decreases, identical. And it gets into this set and then it is allowed to oscillate. It can oscillate. Now, the important thing to remember is that the solutions cannot escape this bound. Because if you get to the boundary and just instantaneously or immediately outside this boundary, you are supposed to move inside. Therefore, you cannot escape this boundary. Yeah, this can again, like I mentioned last time, this can be analytically proven. Yeah, so it will always remain inside this. Yeah, so this is called a residual set. Another important thing to remember is that the size of this residual set is governed by the control gain. So, it's inversely proportional to the control gain in general. Not just in this problem, but in general, it is inversely proportional to the control gain. And therefore, by increasing the control gain, you can reduce the size of the residual set. Yeah, although it's well known in control design also, then it's not advisable to arbitrarily increase the control gain. Up to a reasonable limit because increasing the control gain also increases the frequency of the control. So, maybe the control may no longer be applicable and all that jazz. But within constraints of what your system can do, you can still push up the control gain to get smaller and smaller and smaller residual sets. Yeah, so that you can get the performance of your real system. For example, the satellite to within the necessary performance bound that you want. So, this is one of the big, big powers of the Lyapunov method that as soon as you made a control design using a strict Lyapunov function, disturbance robustness came for free. Yeah, you do not have to do this and you don't have to do this analysis at all. It's for free because you had a strict Lyapunov. Now, remember the problem that we have. Yeah, in adaptive control, we almost never have a strict Lyapunov function. You may start with a strictly Lyapunov function for the known case. But as soon as you come to the adaptive control problem, the strictness of the Lyapunov function is lost. Because in V dot, in fact, the V dot that you get turns out to be exactly same as the V dot for the known case. Although in V, you had to have an additional term in the unknown parameter. So, this is, I mean, all of you remember this. Yeah, so V can never be strict in an adaptive control problem. Well, it can be strict if you have persistence of excitation and all that nice stuff, then you can create some strictly Lyapunov function for an adaptive control problem. But more often, that's not the case. More often, that's not the case. Yeah, that's why adaptive control theories do not care about parameter convergence because persistence may not be guaranteed. Therefore, you do not have strictly Lyapunov functions. It is not in the setup that we have usually seen. Okay, great. So, let's sort of work this out and look at what happens. Okay, let's look at what happens. So, for the same system, I mean, I will write the E dot equations again. So, the E dot was AX plus U minus XM dot. And now, because the A is unknown, I will use A hat X here. Of course, XM dot is still known and introduce the good control term. Okay, great. What happens? I now I have an additional term in the E dot. What's my Lyapunov function? We add a term to the Lyapunov function corresponding to the parameter error. Yeah, of course, we have to find an update law for A hat. Very simple certainty equivalence method, scalar system. All of you have done this a thousand times. Yeah, I hope by now you have.  So, I have this guy. And with this, if I take A hat dot as gamma ex, this term cancels. And I'm left with the V dot is minus K e squared. Now, remember, this is negative semi definite turned out to be exactly the same as the non adaptive case. Big surprise. We already knew this was going to happen. Okay, there's always been the case. No exceptions. Excellent. Now, what happens in the presence of uncertainties? In the presence of uncertainties, your e dynamics will have plus d of t and that will propagate all through. Yeah. So, simply stated, your V dot will have minus K e squared plus e times d. Again, you will get the same V dot as the non adaptive case. Yeah. Even with the disturbance, nothing changes because I didn't change the control. I didn't change the adaptive log. I changed nothing. The only thing that changes is the Lyapunov analysis, right? Because I cannot change anything since I have no knowledge of the disturbance. So, there's no question of changing anything. All right. So, great. I have this V dot and now I continue my analysis. So, I do the same thing minus K minus half e squared plus d max squared by 2 and I get this expression. Now, notice the key difference here. I write this as e squared and not as V because this is not V anymore. In the non adaptive case, this was in fact my candidate Lyapunov function. But in this case, it's not. It's just a piece of it. Yeah. Because the candidate function also has this guy. Yeah. So, this implies V dot is less than equal to zero whenever your e is greater than this. So, this, no, no. If you look at this particular conclusion, yeah, this still seems to be the same. Okay. This still seems to be the same. Yeah. But where is the problem? There's a big problem. Yeah. I mean, problem that crashed an airplane. Yeah. So, big problem. Okay. So, let's see. What is that? Now, I do not make the, I will not be making the, actually, I don't need this to. I can make this here. Yeah. I'm no longer going to be making the V plot. I only make the e plot. This V plot is no longer corresponding to the, the V and the candidate function V and e plots are no longer corresponding. So, it doesn't make sense for me to make the plot for the V. Yeah. So, I'm just going to plot my e here and time here. Yeah. Now, I'll make the two boundaries. Right. These boundaries are basically D max. Did I get this wrong last time? Yeah. This should, I'm sorry. Yeah. This boundary last time should have been 2k minus 1. Okay. So, this should also have been 2k minus 1. 2k minus 1. Okay. So, there was a two factor missing here. Yeah. All right. So, here also this is D max. I'm going to make this bigger so I can write a little bit more easily. So, I have the same boundary if you notice and minus D max over 2k minus 1 at the same boundary. All right. Now, what happens if I look at the e plot, things seem okay. All right. Things seem okay because when an e is larger than this quantity, yeah, then e still, then when e is larger than this quantity, then v dot is still negative. Okay. Notice if e is larger than this quantity, v dot is still negative. Therefore, v has to reduce. Okay. So, if v reduces, eventually e also has to reduce because notice that v is a quadratic sum of e and e square and a tilde. So, if v goes down, down, down because v will not stop going down until e is larger than this k. Yeah. Until e is here or here, v cannot stop decreasing. Okay. It may decrease in a non-linear way or not in this case, not monotonic necessarily. Yeah. It doesn't matter if it decreases in a monotonic way or not. That is not necessarily going to be the case. Yeah. Because in this case, e beyond this requires v to be decreasing but v decreasing could also mean that this guy is decreasing and this is not for some time at least. But in the long run, this also has to decrease because the negative v remains continues to be negative when e is larger than this quantity. Okay. So, this also has to decrease. Yeah. So, logically speaking, e may start here. It could increase but eventually it has to decrease. And so, it has to go inside this set. So, great. Nice. And inside this set, of course, any oscillations are allowed. You remain within this set and all that. Why? Well, do you remain within this set? That's also a question. So, let's try to answer that question also. But you do get into this set. This residual set that we usually call the residual set. So, you do get into this set. So, let's see what happens if instead of doing this, I do hit the bump. Yeah.  So, v has to reduce. So, very close to the boundary. As soon as you're very near the boundary, yeah, v becomes almost zero. Yeah. As you reach the boundary, v is becoming almost zero here. Right? So, as you reach the boundary here, v is becoming almost zero. Almost zero. v doesn't change anymore. So, if v doesn't change, e doesn't change. Yeah. And then, v becomes negative as soon as you try to cross it. So, therefore, this has to come back in. Okay. So, this is, again, I am talking about it in words. But I promise you, this can also be programmed. Yeah. This can also be programmed. So, this thing works. No problem. Yeah. Excellent. I mean, this is good to know. Right? I mean, I kept saying that there are so many problems. And now I find that, you know, e goes into this residual set. In fact, it looks like the size of the residual set can also be controlled similarly using the gain k. Then you guys might ask me, really, what way you are talking about? All right. So, let's come to the trouble part. Okay. Let's come to the trouble part. Now, once, as long as you are outside this set, v is decreasing. Right? v is less than, v dot is decreasing, negative. So, v is decreasing or non-increasing. So, therefore, everything here remains bounded. And because if you remember, so, this implies e a tilde remain bounded. Yeah. Then you are outside this set, e a tilde remain bounded. Right? All nice. Because why do they remain bounded? Because v dot is negative semi-definite. So, v is non-increasing. v is non-increasing than whatever value you started with. I mean, you cannot, none of the terms can go to e or a tilde cannot go to infinity. Yeah. Because if you started with finite value, you will remain in a finite value set. Excellent. So, once you, once e gets inside this residual set is when problems begin. Yeah. Because then also, anyway, inside this residual set, you know that e will never escape this set. So, it will always remain inside this set as long as you apply the control, of course. You stop applying the control, no guarantee. But if you continue to apply the control, e will remain inside this set. Okay. Great. So, the second thing that happens is that inside this set, v is not necessarily, v dot is not less than equal to 0. Okay? v dot is not less than equal to 0. Now, when, so what happens when e less than d max over square root 2k minus 1. v is greater than equal to 0. Sorry, v dot is greater than equal to 0. Correct? Just, just using this game. Okay? Now, v dot is greater than equal to 0. So, v can increase. Yeah, it can either increase or stay equal to 0. Right? v can increase. Now, the important thing to remember again, again, be very careful. e cannot increase beyond this kind. Yeah, e has to remain in this set only. Right? Because I just said that, the residual set property, it will remain inside. Okay? But v can increase. Okay? Okay? Not unintuitive. Yeah, not unintuitive. The only thing that's happening, yeah, when, when e is inside this, is it stops e from increasing beyond a certain point. e remains in this cage sort of, you know, remains in this cage. But v, because v dot is non-negative. And if v dot is non-negative, then v can increase. All right? And v can increase, but e cannot increase beyond a certain value. What does it mean? If I take these two into account, that e cannot increase beyond a certain point, but v can increase, what does it mean? It implies a tilde can increase. And there is nothing stopping it. Nothing, nothing, absolutely nothing stopping it. Because e is bounded here. And as long as e is bounded here, v dot is non, you know, non-negative. And if v dot is non-negative, v can increase. And which means a tilde can increase. Nothing stopping it. Never, never does it have to become negative definite. Because why? Why did all this happen? Because v for this, the same v for this adaptive case is not a strictly functional function. The v dot has only the e term and not the theta tilde term. Or the, sorry, or the k a tilde term. If the a tilde term was present here, this would be the same analysis as the, as the previous case and no issues. Everything would be nice and bounded. But here, as long as e remains outside, the outside that is here, everything is bounded because v dot is negative semi-definite. Therefore, v is non-increasing. So if you started with finite value, you remain in a finite value. Yeah. But as soon as e gets into this residual set, the nice cage which we made for this e, we want the e to get into this cage. Yeah. And we know that it cannot escape this cage. But we know that inside this v dot function, which contains e, becomes non-negative. Which means we can increase. The only way we can increase and e, without having e increase itself is if a tilde increases. And a tilde can increase to arbitrary values now. Yeah. Nothing stopping it. Yeah. So this means essentially that a tilde can in fact go unbounded. So what do we care? We care because it contains the, the control contains a hat. And a hat is just a tilde with a constant offset. A hat is just a tilde with some constant offset. Nothing different than that. Right. So once I have this issue, I know that if a tilde goes unbounded, I know the control goes unbounded. All right. So the issue is, although the, with this, if you implement this control, then your error will go into this nice residual set, which you can even make smaller with the increasing gain. But interestingly, you may end up needing infinite control. Yeah. And as you can imagine, no, no actuator can provide infinite control. Yeah. Until now in all our adaptive design, all the terms are bounded. No boundedness of these things was sort of a given. We didn't even have to think about it. But just in this very simple scalar case with one disturbance term added here, you see that my control can go unbounded to maintain a residual set or a bounded performance for the tracking error.  Yeah, this is if nothing mind blowing. I mean, I cannot, the first time I saw this, I was, I mean, absolutely baffled as to how I could have missed it or how is this even possible? Am I doing the calculations correctly or is my professor doing the calculations correctly? Maybe he's completely wrong. Yeah. But this is it. I mean, just a very, very simple sort of a situation, seeming situation and things become ugly.  Then you can imagine why a lot of folks would have given up adaptive control. I'm sure if some of us were there in, you know, trying to fly the fighter plane, we would have given up adaptive control ourselves and moved on to other, you know, cooler fields, you know, learning. All right. So anyway, so that's the idea. This is, this is the problem. Yeah. Simple problem is we did not have strict Lyapunov functions in adaptive control. Even if we started with a strict Lyapunov function in the known case, in the unknown parameter case, it becomes a non-strict Lyapunov. Yeah. So what are the solutions? So one of the solutions is called parameter projection. The idea here is until now we assume that we know nothing of the parameter. We don't know anything about the bounds of the parameter and such. Now, this is again not super realistic, because in a real applied engineer has a very good idea of what kind of parameters his system, his or her system would have. Yeah. So it's not unnatural. It's not unreal to assume that you do know a little bit about the parameter values. Especially if you know the bounds and the parameter values, then what we do in adaptive control is to make sure that the parameter estimates a hat remain within this pre-specified bound. Okay. And that directly tackles the problem, right? Directly tackles the problem. What is the problem in our adaptive controller that the parameter goes to infinity or can go to infinity? And it has happened. Yeah. So, and what we want to do, we want to attack this. So what do we do? Make sure that the parameter search in some sense, right? A hat is essentially searching for the right value of the parameter, right? It's an update law. But in reality, what is it doing? I mean, in fact, a lot of the early adaptive control laws are gradient descent laws, right? So essentially the A hat dot is designed in such a way. So that you just search for the true value of the parameter. Now, if I have no range for the true value of the parameter, it makes sense that I search in this range only. You know, not search everywhere. Yeah. That's what we do. You do parameter projection in adaptive control so that the A hat lies between the given bounds. Yeah. Again, no guarantees of convergence to drive value. Yeah. Doesn't matter how small your range is. Still, it does not allow the parameter to go to infinity. And therefore, you know, guarantees that you have robustness. So this is what we will look at in the upcoming session. That is how to do parameter projection. At least one way of doing parameter projection in adaptive control. There are quite a few ways, but we will look at one way, right? Excellent. So what did we look at today? We looked at the issue at hand that is, you know, how to do basically what happens when you do adaptive control on a very simple scalar system. And then there is disturbance introduced into the system that we cannot account for. Then we saw what happens to the adaptive performance. We almost stated with disbelief that and found that you can have unboundedness of the parameters and therefore unboundedness of the controller and the whole system can get ruined. Yeah. If you're not careful about implementing a robust adaptive control. So implementing an adaptive controller without some kind of robustness to disturbance can be fatal. Yeah. So obviously this is what we are going to look at in the subsequent session. So I hope you'll join me in this interesting session. Excellent. Thank you.


And Andrea said Aife at Jaguar has succumbed to the ferocious punches of Kuban Frank Sanchez who handed him his first career defeat Sunday morning. The duo came into the fight as undefeated prospects looking to move up in the heavyweight rankings. The fight started with Aife putting a lot of pressure on Frank and establishing his job with Aife as trying to find his counter and through the first rounds both men tried to find a rhythm but if he was not through combinations and Frank was countering him very well. In round four if he hit Frank with a jab and he felt at the floor and what should have been ruled a knockdown but wasn't counted. In the seventh round Sanchez landed upon John Ife and he took a knee and got hit with a hook when the counter should have started. The foul has not given and it was ruled a clean knockdown for the rest of the fight. At Jaguar couldn't find his range and his shot and it ended up being a 9-7-9-2-9-8-9-1 and 9-8-9-1 clear unanimous decision for the now 19-0 Kuban Flash.


I have been here one time before. We did a jump fire exercise from Hungary and flew over here and we jumped into Vaziani drop zone. That was cool. We did that last September. We hit the drop zone, got off, got a formation going in our Alpha Alpha and then we headed out. So, not really an extended stay. Now that I'm here in Georgia for longer, I can definitely appreciate it a lot more. Now that we've met the Georgian Army, I can definitely see how they operate. I love it. They've definitely shown me that they're a close-knit family, just the way that they treat each other, the way they act with each other, the way they talk to each other, the way they help each other even. So, it's been really cool to see that. I just hope to take it home, treat my soldiers that way in my unit. Hopefully I pass that on so we can keep that going back in Germany. I love it here. It is great. I love my mission. I love what I'm doing here. Really great training that we got going on. You can probably hear that going on in the background. We're going to learn a lot. We're going to teach a lot. It's going to be awesome. And yeah, I'm just really excited to get out there and get muddy.


is dedicating them back today with another video shout out to you for tuning in if you're not subscribed do me a favor and smash the subscribe button also give me a thumbs up it's time for us to get to these books in today's video we did two apps one side job in three hours and made over two hundred dollars y'all know i got my game from a scholar let's go here pop our collar and get these dollars order number uno whether get our pockets fit like sumo this one is the side job we are picking up two bookcases three plastic totes and two plastic cards and we're driving 16 miles and we received a payment of 100 bucks if you're hating so what let's go okay so it's just this stuff here right um yes these two bookshelves and then all this and this i'm going to put into here because this makes no sense to go so yes okay okay item number one we got that enjoy seeing so it doesn't move while we're driving and just like that we got everything strapped in it's time for us to go out here and win and get these dividends let's go y'all see what's going on baby we got the dolly loaded up now it's time for us to get these bucks instead we just have to take everything in this just front doorway right here and then the maintenance guys gonna take everything in how you doing sir i'm living the dream i can't complain i woke up this morning hey rest is up to us you know it so okay take a photo really fast so they know it is here and we are good to go so for that order we got an extra five six seven eight it's time for us to be great we're out there and got that cake now order number two y'all know what we're about to do get this money we are going to a place called carabas we are picking up an order on dli vr dv by the puller right now so we can get this cheese delivered app we are doing an order on the delivered app the order cost is five hundred twenty four dollars and sixty five cent enough money to pay the rent we're going to drive seven point eight miles and receive a payment of a measly thirty dollars either way go let the gore hand pop our color now why am i doing this order i told you guys before that i'm going to take all of the delivered orders that i can so we can go out there and get these bands as you guys have saw or may not saw we did do a video an interview with the owner founder and ceo of delivered and he said the more orders you take the better orders you will get so what we're about to do is get this money like it ain't funny let's go just like that we are here at carabas to get these dollars oh i guess we can get no dollars says pick up right here let's join the clothes clothes oh yeah yeah i don't think this one's working yeah hopefully we can get in this joint yeah i it looks like there's nobody in here i ain't gonna yeah okay i'll see somebody in there hopefully they come to the door oh here we go right here hello how you doing i have an order to easy cater order to pick up these are just uh the salads you're kind of light oh okay you got it yes so the lids are a little they popped on a little janky so okay all righty okay all right thank you there you go oh so all this is grilled chicken that's all grilled chicken in that one box 25 okay they about to eat good huh all the utensils and yeah okay and we are back for our last trip this time for real last time i thought that was the last trip but it wasn't that's this one so this one is for 1115 which is really an 1130 delivery right is that what you got here drop that it's 1130 no mine said 1115 1115 with the 15 and if i'm okay and just like that y'all see what's going on babe we got everything strapped and they about to eat good it got big salads this is chicken and mashed potatoes they got lasagna they about to be good it only paid me 30 dollars but guess what we are holla let's go just like that we are here to drop off a location we got everything loaded up on a dolly we got to be careful taking this during the end though we can't afford no falls because we already turn the ball not stall where would you like me to sit everything get over here and this one yes okay so just is there any specific way you want to set up should i leave it in the boxes or no so put all the salad just stack them up and whatever what do you have um a salad then we have lasagna those and the pans right the pans are like i think breadsticks oh so all of these salads are the same thing right you'll have to stack them otherwise they'll never boxes okay that's fine no big thing yeah so these these are all the lasagnas and these are all chicken and mashed potatoes all of these all right thank you guys very much you guys have a good one you're welcome thank you you're welcome i'm just gonna come out of here right now baby that order was absolutely critical well the restaurant did not have all of the items ready which that wasn't that bad i mean it was all right it was cool but when the order payouts are low like that it's like you don't want to wait for nothing baby you want to pull up and that joint be ready and you keep it steady double back if you let me then we get to the drop-off location they want me to take everything out the boxes and set it up all nice and eating all that stuff but get so i did i definitely am not taking the garbage for no $15 tip i'm sorry baby i usually take the garbage i usually don't have no problem but we are i'm not about to put all these boxes in this joint and we have to get an oil change tomorrow so i gotta make sure i got everything clean so we can go our thing get that green order number three it's time for us to get busy the pickup location is crate and barrel baby we are picking up an ornament we're driving 12.4 miles and we will receive a payment of 74 mo dollars don't know i got my game from a scholar and guess what this is on the app i use car dolly dolly dolly dolly we're about to make our pockets pop ollie let's go just like that we are here at crate and barrel and guess what we are not on schedule because that last order took way longer than it should have either way go we're trying to get this cash and have a blast let's go hi how you doing boss um yeah i have an order to pick up for amanda s was it an online order yes i think so okay so for online orders you're actually gonna pick up at the warehouse entrance it looks just like this but it says warehouse all right thank you very much sir all right and we are at the second location hopefully this is the right one baby door open hello how you doing i have a pickup for amanda s slide this one slide that joint in here baby baby light too i ain't gonna lie i ain't gonna lie and just like that it's time to get our pockets on swole you already know let's go i'm gonna step back here with the photos let's go and just like that it is game time we went out there and got on the ground and guess what how much time did it take it took us three hours and 15 minutes to get in it and we made $212 it was nice and sweet and easy i wish every single day was like this but hey it ain't it ain't how always happen baby some days gonna be good and some days are gonna be bad but either way go we're gonna go out there and try to get to that bag and not be mad and don't be hating don't be sad i hope you guys enjoyed this video again if you are not subscribed make sure you subscribe and give me a thumbs up baby we're trying to hit 800,000 subscribers by december 31st 2023 and we need your help to get busy we are like a 54,000 subscribers hey i need y'all to start smashing that subscribing also make sure you are giving me a thumbs up i just gave you guys the most legendary video that has ever been done on a gig to youtube channels baby ever 30 apps who has who else has done that comment below let me know comment below and let me know but we have to get out here because it's time for the skull i hope you guys enjoyed this video i'll see you guys on the next one we're gonna be going before you already know in the dk and i'm on my way


Everybody must make some striving just to bring this in the society that every human being has is striving to at least move to the next notch from where he is. Life and social structures are always a constant kind of a game. It's like a seesaw game or the positives up or negatives up, that's all. As a generation, if you create a huge amount of positives, negative will become small. If you create huge amount of negatives, they will become big and positive will become small. This all life is, there has never been a point any time and there never will be where everything is perfect. Okay? There's no such thing because life is a possibility. Because it's a possibility, it cannot be perfect. Doesn't matter what we do, there's still something more to do, always. That is why it's an endless possibility. Striving does not mean I want to be a good man, I want to be a good man. See, being morally good is only good for the society, not good for the human being. Yes?  So this life needs a little different kind of nurture. In that context, how many people in this world are going to strive before you and me fall dead? How many people in… how many people will be set the seed that they will be striving to be a better life than the way they are right now?


Welcome to mine and Sina's birthday party, as you can tell I'm here with all of my friends, logic. My friends aren't here yet, but I have asked them to turn down the music so that I can talk to you guys and just say a quick welcome. My outfit didn't arrive, by the way, so I'm wearing this backup outfit that I had from Princess Polly, sorry, from Motelbox, which is such a maddie from euphoria moment, like literally as I walk in this, I literally think to myself, I know I shouldn't be here right now, because I'm just like a non of you like me, if you want to borrow a soul, you'll know what I'm about, souls like what you're about. Soul looks so pretty, she's looking fancy, and then fancy is huge. I think everyone's more excited to see him, so tonight we're celebrating Sina and I. Our birthday is actually four days apart, we are 15th and 19th, but I've got my cousin's birthday on the 19th, so we are celebrating this weekend instead, which I'm super excited about. So I will give you guys a little tour of the whole setup that we have going on here, we've blocked off half of the living room, so that it's a bit more cosy, and we have the food arriving too, and I'll show you that when it comes, but it's basically like mackeys and sushi, which is the food that we love. You know the birthday cake is good when you're whipping it out again the next day, honestly it was huge because we gave so many slices out and they're still this much left. Guys, it was by far the best cake I've ever had in my life. Where is it from? I'm partial to, like I like cake, but you name it. But this, beautiful, gorgeous. This is the card, by the way guys, it's cakes by Mali, that's their Instagram as well, so supporting the local business, so if you guys want to try that cake. It was delicious.  I was going round feeding everyone just a little bit for them to try it and they would all come back. Yeah. Wow. I forget how good it is every time I have a bite. Then I have another bite, and then I see how good it is. It looks really nice. Last minute of 25. Make your wish. I got a rabbit in. He's the one. He's in the work gear. I didn't get a chance to actually finish that vlog. I'm just going to end the vlog here. I really hope that you guys have enjoyed my birthday celebration. There's just so much stuff to be happy about. There's so much more fun stuff coming up with Iranian New Year, Santa's birthday and just so much more too. So I can't wait to show you in the next vlog. I love you all so much and I'll see you next time. Bye.


Grafitic carbon nitride, GC3N4, is a promising material for use in solar fuel production. However, its performance is limited by the rapid recombination of electrons and low reaction dynamics. Boron-B was introduced into the large cavities between Tri-S-Triazin units and GC3N4 through coordination with two coordinate nitrogen, N, atoms. This modification improved the electronic citation from N, 2Px, 2Py, to B, 2Px, 2Py, with the same orbital direction in B doped GC3N4, which increased the charge transfer and localization, and thus the reaction dynamics. Additionally, B atoms doping changed the adsorption of carbon monoxide, CO, intermediate, and acted as active sites for methane, CH4, production. As a result, the optimal sample of 1% B-slash GC3N4 exhibited better selectivity for methane with approximately 32 times higher yield than that of pure GC3N4. This article was authored by Junwei Fu, Kong Liu, Kersen Jiang, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Live from the Julia Morgan Ballroom in San Francisco, extracting the signal from the noise, it's the Cube, covering Structure 2015. Hey, welcome back everybody. Jeff Frick here with the Cube. We are live in downtown San Francisco. It's Structure 15. It's the rebirth of Structure after some issues earlier this year. So everybody's psyched to have Structure back. Great audience here at the Julia Morgan Ballroom. So got the Cube out here and we're really excited to be joined by a former woman of the week from DockerCon, Marianna Tessel, SVP Engineering of Docker. Welcome. Thank you. Well, thank you for having me. Absolutely. So you just got back. We talked a little bit off air from Barcelona and DockerCon Europe. So I wanted to give us an update. How was the vibe over there? How was the show? What's going on on that side of the Atlantic? Yeah, I literally just came back and it was actually amazing. It's our second conference in Europe. And we went, I think we more than tripled the number of attendees. Tickets were completely sold out. The vibe really was outstanding. Obviously for me, it was a big, this adrenaline rush and, you know, seeing how everybody are exciting, use it, being able to demo our products, being able to get responses from customers and users. Amazing. Yeah. So there was probably nothing hotter than Docker this last summer. Last time we saw you was at DockerCon. Everybody's putting container ships on their corporate pages. I mean, Docker was really the hottest, hottest thing going. But, you know, now kind of the buzz has mellowed a little bit. And now you guys are getting into work. So kind of give us an update of what's happened since the summer till now. Right. I mean, we've been really busy building our stack and building our products. And as users use Docker, they evolve in their use. And we want to be ready there with the products they need. We have put a lot of emphasis on orchestration. We just, with 1.9, we released Swarm. And we talked in the conference about the scale you can achieve with it. And we actually, again, at the conference, announced few new products, which has been amazing. And online product, we acquired a company called Tutom. We demoed that. And we also announced a product called the Docker Universal Control Plane, which is kind of your management layer, orchestration layer, that allows you to manage your containers. Docker native, so lots of new products to show. That's what we've been doing. Listening to users and trying to provide what they need. Right. And it's interesting because you came from ViaWare before. So you know a lot about the cloud. You know a lot about virtualization. And one of the things is we keep abstracting away from the hardware, away from things. Then we have to add this kind of management layer. So you kind of have to trade off management and orchestration for this virtualization. How do you see that kind of evolving? What do you see in the marketplace? How are customers really adopting that? Right. I mean, I think the need for orchestration comes from the fact that when you create an app, it's usually complicated apps that has multiple microservices or containers to pick your flavor. But it's not just like, hey, one thing and you run it.  So I think the complexity really comes from the fact that applications tend to be quite complex and contain multiple parts or services. Right. So the other thing, you run engineering, which is great. And it's always an interesting challenge to me. How do you deal with the challenge of kind of supporting open source and having your engineers support open source and be that as a real poor piece of who you are at the same time, they've got to get other work done that's not necessarily the open source component that supports some of your direct stuff. How do you manage that from ahead of engineering to make sure that people are allocating their time in kind of the appropriate ways? Right. It's obviously something that we are trying to do really, really well and we understand we want to be very true to our open source contributors and audience as well as build commercial solutions. And actually in a funny way or in an interesting way even our internal teams, they relate to open source in the way that other companies would. So when we need, when our internal products need something from open source, they will do what an external company would do. So instead of saying, oh I have a dependency, go and do it for me, what it will do they will actually create the code and contribute and wait for the PR to be merged. So sometimes internally we see the same, again we will behave the same way that external companies will behave with the open source. So I think we have a good balance with this and actually recently gave a presentation about it and preparing to that we looked at how much of the contributions are external and 70% of the contributions to the Docker open source are external. So again we have a really good balance with open source and commercial and driving both of these and find a way to relate that it's true to open source. One is such an important part of people's, who they are and how they contribute and kind of the feedback they get back from the community that's so different than just kind of working on your own thing for your own company. Very, very different and very, very powerful. It could be more like, you need a different setup but it's actually very, very powerful to work with the community, get the feedback, get their contributions, being able to interact back with them. Super powerful way to work on a big open source fan. Right and then when you're putting your roadmap out and how you're kind of working down obviously a group of features a way to improve the product. Now you've got this kind of open source contribution. How does that work in? Is it pulling you different directions? Are you using it to augment where you need specific help? How does that interplay with your own kind of product roadmap and direction? Right, so, you know, actually the fact that we get external contribution sometimes take our products to a very interesting and compelling directions that we haven't, you know, thought about. An example would be we work to the community to have this feature called Checkpoint and Restore which is an amazing feature. It's like, you know, from the VM world it's like V-motions for containers. You know, this was a collaboration with the external community and again the community will come up with ideas that will be wow and often yes it does change a little bit our roadmap but we also try to publish like hey at least Docker internally here's what the kind of things we're working on so the community can contribute to that. We also try to explain what is the best way to contribute. You know, like if a company works on a secret project on the side and create this huge, huge change to Docker and they'll submit what we call a PR bomb, you know, then we, we're not sure, then it's going to be harder to merge and the right way to work is again like the same way that we work internally is with like small chunks so we can consume it and review it in time and get it in. But I would say the roadmap is a combination of what we want to do internally and things that the community want and we kind of mid-in the middle. Adjust as you, course correct as you go. Exactly. Kind of like the Odyssey, right? You got a course correct that she... Exactly. Very good. So last thing, so kind of what are your priorities now? What are you guys looking at? What can we expect when we see you at DockerCon in six months or so? You really want me to tell you? You're going to see a lot of amazing surprises. I really know because the community is going to help contribute and we'll work our way there. Exactly. Any top priorities that you're working on? Yeah, I mean, again, we want to continue to evolve the platform, make it more scale. I mean, we see companies really move their use from development to production and we understand Docker is now heavily using production. We understand it comes with needs around quality, stability. So you're going to see more and more investment security. We made huge investment in security. So are you going to see more of that? Kind of the boring but super important things to make it runnable for people? And then you'll see us invest in more and more creative things and understanding how it would make it super easy to use, it's super sophisticated and obviously on the commercial side we're going to introduce more and more products that we believe would be very helpful for users. Yeah, so again, evolving in all areas of orchestration, dev tools, you know, all of that we do, you'll see a lot of evolution there and the surprise effect from the community which is, you know. Which we don't know. Which we don't know. But that's important because there was kind of a little bit of a soft undercurrent at DockerCon, which was, you know, a lot of people are using containers a lot in dev, but you know, not necessarily a huge uptake in the production side. So it sounds like that's really changing quite a bit. Yeah, when we see because we survey and we see also external servers that come back and we see a really big amount of users using it in production. And remember, I think last we spoke, it was a DockerCon US and we had just experimental networking feature. Guess what, it just went GA recently, just a few weeks ago, so it's not fully production. So we kind of understand that we need to get there and we need to kind of provide these solutions. Awesome. Well, Marianna, thanks for stopping by. Hopefully you can catch up on your sleep coming back from Europe. Absolutely. I'm Jeff Freik with Marianna Tesla from Docker. Thanks for watching theCUBE. We are live in downtown San Francisco at Structure 15. We'll be right back after this short break. Thanks for watching.


If you're too serious about everything, you will only know thoughts and emotion, you will not know life. In fact, the basis of your seriousness is just the way you're processing your thought and emotion. When you do not know how to conduct your thought process and your emotional structure, you tend to become serious. Your seriousness is a consequence of you misunderstanding your thought and emotion as a reality, not seeing this as a psychological process. But life can be perceived at its best only when you're at ease, not when you're serious. So seriousness is not because you're doing something very significant. Seriousness is simply because you're misunderstanding your own thought as a reality. It's not existentially real, it's a psychological space.


Hello. Thank you to everyone for joining. Michael D'Ocasio here, Associate Editor at Forbes, and we are here speaking with three of our current members of the Forbes Blockchain 50 list. Before we get started, I just wanted to take a minute to talk about the criteria to be on the list because the criteria, I think, is what gives the list meat. It gives the list teeth, maybe I should say. In order to qualify for the list, first of all, you have to be valued at a billion dollars or more or be generating a billion dollars or more in revenue. And you have to be doing meaningful work in blockchain. Meaningful is a very subjective word, but we do our best to make that as objective as possible. So to give just a quick idea, if you're a billion dollar company, meaningful might be a team of five or 10 people. If you're a 40 billion dollar company, the buried entry is a lot higher. So the idea is to identify known companies, usually, or rising stars in the space that have recently crossed that billion dollar milestone and who are doing more than dabbling. And so I think that's what the idea of meaningful is trying to get to, that these firms have committed serious resources. And if you're a billion dollar company or a 40 billion dollar company, what serious resources means might be different. And our team of 12 to 15 editors, depending on how you measure it, really gets down into the numbers. So we do, I guess you called a request for proposal or a public questionnaire to nominees. And we try and get as much data as possible. Once we narrow that list, we hop on the phone with leaders at the companies. We ask questions. We try to understand what's behind the numbers. And we get together and we really duke it out. We have a team of people across the company that represent various expertise. So for example, it's not just me on the blockchain side. We have a healthcare editor helping us parse through the healthcare data. We have an energy editor helping us parse through the energy data. And the dream is that the 50 companies that come out the other side are sort of mile markers in the industry. And industry might be a little bit too broad of a term in that the underlying blockchain technology is so broadly applicable. And as Brian mentioned, we do have some companies that are on there for crypto applications, i.e. not enterprise blockchain. So occasionally a micro strategy or a coin base will also slip on there. So with that said, I just want to give a quick overview of kind of where we're going to go with our conversation today. One of the fun challenges about leading a panel with completely different companies is sort of trying to find that through line. And I think in order to do that, what I want to do is I want to start local. I want to start with a very specific use case that these companies are working on. And then we're going to kind of take, step up a notch every question and get more and more high level, more and more abstract and hopefully get to a place where by the time we're wrapping things up, we're all kind of looking down from the same place at enterprise blockchain in general. Specifically though, last thing before I let our esteemed panelists talk, I wanted to just quickly highlight something that Brian said in his opening remarks about Cactus Weaver and UE, three code bases that are sensible competitors that sort of figured out how to work together and are in the process of figuring out how to work together. Importantly across borders, I think if you look behind the scenes, each of these code bases has different regional bases. And it's only makes sense that they would be working separately at the start, but Hyperledger helps bring them together. And so I want to focus on that. If you look closely at the event name, that's the global reach of the Forbes Blockchain 50. So we will be looking at how these different use cases are working with others, probably not how they're working with each other, but we'll try and learn some lessons there. So to kick things off, I'd like to ask Shue, if you could please walk us through one of these two, either the biggest blockchain application that China Construction Bank has, or the newest, most secret one that no one's ever heard of. Okay, thank you. Thank you, Michael. Everybody, good morning, good afternoon, and good evening. And I'm glad to hear again in the last two years, I'm on behalf of CCB attended the panel first. And this year is happy again to be here. And regarding to the application, which is highlighted this year, I would like to the application of CCB Trade Finance. And I remember the last year, I also mentioned this. Here, I would like to update the latest progress of this from below three aspects. And the first one is about the ecosystem in the last year in 2020. We successfully connected to the to the other major banks in China, like bank of communication, postal saving banks in China, and the bank. And also we export our underneath blockchain based system and the platform to the China banking association.  And that the connection between these, these, these financial institutions is also based on the cross chain model cross chain technology, and that the technology helped to, to, to improve the efficiency, especially for the for fading business. So till now the newly increased financial institutions institutes about 38. And the average transaction volume per year is about 500 billion RMB. And that the cumulative transaction volume is has exceeded the 1000 billion RMB. So this is the first aspect I want to mention. The second is about the refactoring. So first is there is ecosystem. Second is refactoring. And in the last year, on the basis of existing applications, we realized the ecosystem's integration with the industries leading platform like China, enterprise, cloud, chain. This helped to reconstructed the product process and helped to provide the better finance system, financial system for the SMEs. So till now, our enterprise clients has exceeded 65,000. And the financial volume exceeds 120 billion RMBs. So this is second part is about the latest progress of the trade finance. And the third one is about the blockchain based, blockchain based logistics finance platform. In China, there is a city named Qingdao in Shandong province. And this last year, we launched a pilot in Qingdao branch, Qingdao CCB Qingdao branch. And the five local customers help us collaborate with us together. And we successfully to deal with about five, sorry, 350 transactions totally. And the cumulative finance amount is about 420 million RMBs. So at present, CCB has collaborated with large-scale logistic local enterprises and also the third party supervision platforms. So this collaboration helped us to solve the problem for different blockchain platforms integration and also the asset digitalization. And this really helped the China SMEs, the small and the medium enterprise to get the inclusive finance services from CCB. Yeah. Thank you so much for that, Matt. I wanted to thank you also for bringing those numbers. I had asked that because I've been around for a while as Brian indicated. And I remember the first one of these, I don't think there were any numbers because nothing had really launched. And so I love opportunities to kind of bring that out and talk about the real stuff that's happening. Also, I think the scale of the work you guys are doing over there is notable. I just wanted to make sure we had a chance to talk about that. Moving on, Rajesh, could you walk us through the same thing? I'll give you the same question. Either the biggest blockchain application that Tech Mahindra is working on or the most secret new one that nobody knows about, your choice? How about talking about both, Michael? So I would like to talk about the biggest and also is filling the beans, the secret one. So I would like to talk about both. Obviously, the biggest is the one that has been recognized by your team in the Forbes 50 listing, which is primarily using Hyperledge Fabric protocol to insulate over 1 billion subscribers in India from the spam calls and the spam text. Just to give a perspective of the numbers, there are about 30, more than 36 peers in this particular network. Walt's first largest multi-cloud implementation of Hyperledge Fabric, the number of channels exceed about 20. And at this point of time, this network is catering to 230 million preferences of the subscribers. And it has about 1.7 million consent and the rest 500 million, half a billion consent is under migration. We expect the transaction per second to be 200 and using our on-chain and off-chain combination, we expect it to go to about 4,000 transactions per second. That is the scale of volume. And thanks to the coverage, Michael, this is being used as a de facto gold standard for implementation in different parts of the world. The latest is the US government is also taking a look at this particular implementation from a perspective of integrating blockchain into the Stur and shaken protocols that they have already announced. So that by far is the biggest ever application that Tech Mahendra has architected. Now coming to the secret one. The secret one is the one where we would like to leverage again the size of the masses and the size of the scale. That's where we want to bring non-fundable tokens to the exciting world of Cricket. Cricket is now being played in about 11 countries. The game is catching on and the number of people who are playing the game is only increasing day by day. Given that we would like to create a non-fungible token platform for all the cricketing fans. If the basketball fans are able to enjoy, why not the cricket fans? So we would like to take this particular platform. And the good thing is we are also looking at integrating non-fungible tokens into the Hyperledger platform. We already have another blockchain platform called Blockchain Powered Contracts and Rights Management System which helps the companies in media and entertainment space to manage their digital rights management, facilitate track and tracing and also to ensure that proper geo-blocking is there. And that is the platform which enables that. As a first step, we are integrating NFTs into that particular platform so that in addition to DRM which will help a person to establish the rightful ownership of a digital asset, whether it is a music file, whether it is a video file or whether it's a picture file. In addition to that, we would like them to further reiterate their ownership with an underlying non-fungible token. That is what we are doing from a perspective of B2B. First time ever NFTs will be brought into the purview of business to business transactions. The second logical extension of that is to take it to the world of cricket, wherein we would like to empower all the cricketing clubs, all the cricketing organizations in the world to monetize their cricketing assets with an ability to create a marketplace to mint tokens and sell those tokens. So these are the things that we are working on Michael. I love that. I do think that we're looking for the evidence of traction. Certainly blocked calls is one that impacts many of us personally. I'm excited to hear that you're in conversations with the U.S. government because we definitely need some help. I love the fact, I remember in the early days there was, at least in the media, there was uncertainty about whether or not permissionless public block or permissionless open block chains and private block chains could both do tokenization. Obviously, we've gone way beyond that and there's permissioned block chains doing tokenization across the board. It will be cool to see NFTs wiggle their way into the hyperledger conversation. And last but certainly not least, Jose Luis, kind sir, if you could please walk us through, I'll give you the same question, either the biggest, most high, the highest transaction volume blockchain application at Telefonica or the most secret one that you want to unveil. Okay. Thank you, Michael. First of all, I want to thank you for inviting Telefonica to join this panel about the global rates of blockchain because I think that all the companies that today working on blockchain, we are thinking globally because in the end we don't have any kind of restrictions about the hardware or licensing or whatever. We are just software solutions that can solve a lot of challenges to a lot of companies around the world. So, okay. How about the question, the biggest and the secret? Probably the biggest use case that we are still pushing inside Telefonica is how we are managing our home equipment supply chain. So how we are delivering the routers and the set of boxes of all this kind of equipment from the warehouse, from the factories that we are assembling until after the full chain until that the installers connect to the network. So we started internally this project three years ago, three, four years ago. It's one of the first projects that we started to adopt blockchain in Telefonica. And we are currently managing all the equipment that is being delivered and installing in our operation in Brazil. So all the operations are being managed by blockchain, a private blockchain running on HyperLayer Fabric Network with more than 60 warehouse, internal warehouse, also subcontractors and all the workforce of installers that are going to our customer's home with the set of boxes and connected to the network. So the most challenging activities that we are running right now is to push this project, this kind of initiative based on blockchain to all the operations around the world that we have in Telefonica. So the next countries in which we are going to deploy the same solution is to manage operation in Spain, also in Europe and of course in the rest of Latin America. So this is the first project that we have started in the past and it's still the biggest one. I love it. Go ahead. Okay, so before talking or speaking about the circuit, it's the other approach that we have in Telefonica because we started to understand what would be the use case that we can adopt blockchain. And obviously a lot of papers, the analysts are very interested to say that we have to do things with other telco operators in order to be efficient or efficiently manage the roaming and the telco services. So we are pushing that and in the next weeks we are going to announce this kind of collaboration with other telco operators involving also the GSMA with finally success cases of how we are managing our core services with blockchain, how we are making efficient, more efficient the dispute resolution processes and the agreement, the discount agreements and these kind of things that will run in the past a lot of proof concepts, but finally we have a kind of common infrastructure in which we can develop real use cases based on this case. And finally the more circuit and the more massive approach that we have for how we can adopt blockchain is how we can bring them to have a little proposition for our V2V customers. So we really think that blockchain can help a lot of companies in being more efficient or letting more incomes in these times. So we get all the learnings that we have with this internal project of how we can benefit as Telefonica to blockchain and bring them to our customers. So we develop a kind of platform because our aim is how to make blockchain massive for any kind of company. So regardless the technological profile or the size of the company, we think that any company can get benefits from blockchain and we are just in this way. So we are deploying the platform, trying that any company, the small companies that can invest in having a blockchain team can use blockchain and this is the main challenge that we have for the next month and that's our own product that is FastOS could be this kind of layer that makes a blockchain option totally massive for all the companies in our first thing. And you mentioned expanding into a couple of different regions by name. Please correct me if I'm wrong but I think each of your companies has in their own way started with their own regions and are working with banks or telephone providers etc that are closest to home and building up those networks within the borders of your company's home country so to speak. But then that idea that once you set that up and once you get transaction volumes running through and once you prove that your technology works that you want to start reaching beyond those borders sort of the network effects of big networks and that the benefits grow exponentially. So from a strategy perspective if you could each take just one or two minutes feel free to riff off each other if you hear something the other one says that reminds you of something you're working on and talk about how you took those first and second steps to go from your network at home to a bigger network with broader network effects that reached across borders. Did you have inbound requests? Did you make requests to other people? Was it working in groups like Hyperledger or other open source groups? How do you go from step one at home to reaching a global audience? I can start so in our case for instance we are working in several consortia like Hyperledger with a global reach but for instance with Alastair is the Spanish consortium and even in Alastair we are having a lot of working or a lot of collaboration with other countries with other initiatives that all of them are or have a local approach. So in Europe we are part of FSC and we are working with the European blockchain infrastructure in the next months and it's again a or a transnational initiative in which notarization services or financial living services could be cross-border because of the own nature of blockchain networks as you say. So we are expanding step by step but probably if the technology becomes massive it's because we are reaching a lot of companies with global perspective too. So we are partnering with several big companies that are not based also or only in Spain or in their own countries, they are multinational that are also expanding with us the reach of the networks. And can you give an idea as you expand is it the same kind of benefits just on a bigger scale or do you start to see different kinds of benefits as your networks get bigger? I think that if we talk about blockchain we are talking about networks and if we are talking about the network the value of the blockchain is the value that all the network all the members in the network are getting. So it's the the traditional concept of wing-wing. So it's it's not only wing-wing it's wing-wing-wing-wing with all the members that we are joining to the network. So it's to clarify just a little bit maybe for those for those of us who aren't in the business give me one example of how using a blockchain is more efficient more cost effective than the traditional centralized accounting structure. I'm monopolizing the conversation but I can go ahead. So for instance in our surface case of the supply chain in Brazil is something related with something that in the previous panel you were talking about it's about the analytics and how we can post a lot of data in common from different sorts of information for instance we are we have monitor value or we have some decisions in order to optimize how the different workshops are working inside the workshops but putting all the information together in the same blockchain we can optimize or making decisions in one warehouse in order to affect or impact the full chain. So we are making decisions probably with information that comes from the other warehouse and we are working with our blockchain we don't have this visibility we have to make a point-to-point integration between different information systems from different warehouse and we can optimize my warehouse with information on the full chain. So the main benefit of this kind of use case of being more efficient with operation is this kind of exchange of information and how we can make analytics to make this decision with a holistic perspective. So with that in mind I'm turning back to Shua and Rajesh how did you guys take those first steps from the early networks built around your headquarters and the companies that you already knew into cross-border territory? Definitely Michael so in our case two things have held a lot one is in terms of the regulatory push as you know the initiative of blockchain for spam calls was initiated under the ages of the telecom regulatory authority of India and because of that particular push the telcos have got together otherwise this problem would have remained unsolved with the traditional technologies if the traditional technologies had the potential to solve spam is not an invention of last one or two years spam is an invention over the last 10 years this problem should have been solved about 10 years ago the fact is because blockchain came this problem has been solved so that's a very good example about the ability of blockchain and more important it's making it real for the common man on the street and the regulator role there played I mean it has accelerated the adoption but with that it brought what we call as the first mover advantage the fact that it got implemented for the first time in India became a reference point elsewhere for example the regulator in united arab Emirates have asked ethi salat and do telecom to replicate what india has done and ethi salat and do telecom have done it because there was a regulatory push but in markets like uk spam is not that prominent in mobile phones spam is prominent on landlines so the office of communications in uk want to adopt this to prevent spam on the landlines where people just pick up the directory and dial the number and start selling services and goods and so on and so forth right and in united states FCC has asked ietf to come up with these regulations and ietf has taken a perspective saying moment you see a robocall or moment you see a text that originates from a vgo ip channel shut it down by using the cryptography and by using stir and shaken kind of protocols there the focus is on shutting it down as and when it happens the focus is not on elimination of the problem completely the elimination can happen as is the case it was evident in the indian market only when all the telcos come together and they agree to share the information and then take a industry wide initiative to eliminate this malice to eliminate this particular problem so what i'm trying to tell you is there is no one particular strategy that has worked for us it is a combination of two or three things the adoption and the regulatory push to drive the adoption by all the operating companies in the industry which has led to a successful consortium effort the second one is a pull and push kind of a thing in markets where regulators wanted to replicate it they used a push strategy in the markets where regulators were not forthcoming we went and presented these case case studies leveraging avenues like you know whether it is Forbes or whether it is a special interest group of telecom under hyper ledger scheme of things or whether it is special interest groups that are there with large tech providers like IBM Microsoft and the others and the and the third one is is the first mover advantage that's what we are trying to leverage in the world of cricket also with respect to creating non-fungible tokens once you created for cricket it gets replicated in other sports areas as well something tells me that one's gonna spread very organically um the going back though to the spam calls how how cross border is that you know i think many of us at least my speak on my own behalf i don't know where these spam calls come from are they coming from the office up the road from me are they coming from the other side of the world like is spam calls um a cross border problem um or is it usually confined within a phone network within a region so there are there are two or three areas one is in terms of spam that originates from registered marketeers it is originating from registered marketeers because they overlook some of the provisions so from that perspective we would like to go back and tell them hey while you have a right to send information in this case you do not have the consent from the subscriber so you're violating the preferences of a subscriber so you need to prevent doing that and we we give uh we give uh documentary evidence for that and not only pertaining to one particular network but across the networks then comes the second scenario where spam is by unregistered telemarket use these guys are like nomads they go and set up what we call as a sim farm on local telco networks and when the complaints start mounting on that particular telco network the telco takes an action and the telco shuts them down then they go to an another network set up the same sim farm and then they move from one network to another network so this kind of an implementation prevents that cross pollination of the sim farms on different networks the third one is coming from cross border wherein they go and take subscriptions through from the networks which do not which are not in India and and and the spam is coming from cross borders and that to be very candid with you that is still not covered under the scope of implementation that we have currently it is because the implementation pertains only to all the telco operators in India but what these telco operators can do is whenever they see that kind of traffic coming through the telco gateway they can shut it down but the ability of these guys go and seek subscriptions in the cross border telco networks will always be there but the inbound messages and inbound calls when they go detected the participating telcos in India can shut it down really quick is there is there one is there one number to give us an idea how bad was spamming in India before regulators had to force a change oh before the regulators I can give you the number and I can give you my personal experience the number is on an average really quick yeah on an average every active subscriber gets about 15 to 20 spam messages and 15 to 20 calls in my case whenever I land from from the airport the first call I get is from a spammer and not from my family the spammer knows that I've arrived arrived and I have landed much faster than my family member that's heartbreaking Shueh last but certainly not least so when we had our chance to talk before this panel you had mentioned that there were a couple overseas banks that you had recently started working with if I if I took my notes down right I think you're currently working with 38 institutions on your trade finance application have you expanded into other territories and if not walking me through kind of how how are you going about doing that okay the cross border collaboration of the trade finance there the number has no big change and this is the ccb overseas branches and I would like to echo and answer your question from maybe different angles you mentioned that the maybe the network expansion within the border or cross border as we know that we has that the blockchains has made me more than 10 years of history and in China as we observed there is the problem is not lack of network but maybe there are so many small and medium network here and we know that the the the the different industry various industry has built or joined the existing blockchain ecosystem and maybe according to their early needs but due to the early technology adoption and the the lacking of the standards globally and internationally and maybe local the different blockchain system has different technology routes and especially communication protocols identity management and other other aspects so I think this is also a some major major challenges when we expand our network so we observe and we notice that maybe the future main three major challenges in technology is the cross border of sorry cross chain cross chain inter inter operation and maybe the security and the privacy protection and the scalability so so so I think for from the from the globally from the internationally we also call for and welcome any inter collaboration and collaboration across different parties to solve these three major technical challenges yeah thank you so much for that it's actually gives me a perfect segue into the last question which is an open one to everyone I'd like to ask you each to keep it to about a minute or so so we can make sure everyone has a chance and it's a one word question which is how right but I'll do a little expansion on that so our audience is largely I think technologists at the hyper ledger team has got together builders around the world writing software in multiple code bases written by countries all over the world and you're all doing absolutely fascinating work I loved Rajesh's example when when people weren't being proactive enough he started going to them that's a pretty interesting example of an answer to the how but what about what about you guys if members of the audience heard something that you talked about and their imaginations started clicking and maybe they have ideas about how their own software skills could help solve something that you guys are working on what's the next step yeah is there a github code base they can go to and download something is there an API they can access on your website do they need to have their marketing team reach out to your marketing team like what's the what's the first step if a developer here's something that you guys are doing that they want to get involved with in order to make that connection sure Michael reaching out to us is definitely the first step and then in addition to that we have our blockchain studio on the cloud called block studio we'll be more than happy to extend the block studio to the interested developers and at tekem we have what is called as maker's lab we have around 12 maker's labs in different parts of the world they welcome to come and then explore our maker's lab and we will give them an opportunity to incubate their offerings within our maker's lab all three options are available from us to them thank you Rajesh for the collaboration for the for the collaborate cross border collaboration and from the technical perspective our attitude is still same we are still open we are always open and we welcome and the call for the global technical partners experts to to call to connect with us contact with us so maybe here after the panel I would like to give you the the connection contact information and this is the one maybe one way the other way is that the ccb has a local branches in different countries so if they have any big progress or maybe a good idea you they could connect with our local ccb branches technical department yet they are still open yet local branches sounds like a good opportunity I'm afraid you're going to get emailed by a thousand people we better be careful there and then last but not least uh jose luiz you said some fascinating stuff what if there's developers in the audience who want to get involved what's the next step yes it's the same we have the the our product that our platform that is trust us is a set of APS to easily interact with blockchain and we are open to anybody in the world that develops their own application their own solutions on top of the trust us platform so in our web page so blockchain.com we have all the information regarding the technical classification of how to connect with trust us and even we have some start-up focused programs with wire that is the telephonic abacus start-up accelerator with a lot of presence out on the wall also and we have some programs in order to collaborate with startup and developers to develop this and to design these new solutions in order to get blockchain massive to all companies in the world so it's waiting for a lot of developers wanting to to use trust us and blockchain wonderful thank you all so much before we wrap things up I just wanted to get everybody's minds paying attention to this August this August is when Forbes is going to open up the nomination process for next year's blockchain 50 list we've got a really talented team of reporters that can make a lot happen without the company's help but it's a lot easier with your help so keep your eyes open when that nomination form comes out you might not know who at your company is going to be filling that out so if that's the case fill it out yourself let us know what you guys are doing we need to hear from you and our list gets stronger every year and quite frankly it it doesn't get stronger because we get better it gets stronger because the companies share more with us and it just helps us tell those stories better thanks to hyper ledger and everybody for the invitation to join and looking forward to seeing the next panel thank you bye bye thank you thank you bye bye


Hey everybody what's going on I am Greg Saussman joined today by Megan Nunez of Fandle who's here to give us her best bets for week number 15. What's going on Megan? Not a whole lot I'm doing well how are you? I'm hanging in there I'm excited we haven't talked in a while so I gotta get back on the bandwagon here I gotta win some money and to do that I'm gonna bet on the Kansas City Chiefs they are three point favors according to the Fandle sports book despite playing in New Orleans we don't know if it's gonna be Drew Brees or Taysom Hill but to you it doesn't matter you're all over the Kansas City Chiefs and Patrick Mahomes.  This week the Saints are bound to play better but unfortunately they get the Kansas City Chiefs who didn't play great last week either and Patrick Mahomes had three interceptions I think that the defining factor is going to be Patrick Mahomes having a bounce back game here so I'm taking the Kansas City Chiefs minus the three. Mahomes bounces back but the Saints defense could also bounce back so we need to see two teams that had tough weeks last week obviously the Saints fell Patrick Mahomes and the Chiefs didn't we'll see if the Chiefs can not only win but cover the three points you need over on the fan duel. In that loss to Kansas City Miami played really well they opened up some eyes despite losing almost every past catcher they had. It's about if they Parker got hurt, Jacqui Grant got hurt, Preston Williams is already hurt, Mike Kaseke got hurt I have no idea who Tua is going to throw to on Sunday but it doesn't matter to you. You like the Dolphins it's two and a half point favorites against the New England Patriots and a Brian Flores mentor Bill Belichick. So I'm really excited about this game obviously we watched the Patriots just smash the Dolphins in the beginning of the season but let's face it these teams look like two completely different teams than the first time they met. The Patriots didn't look good against the Rams last week they had a bad week. The Dolphins though losing to the Kansas City Chiefs they did force three interceptions and they looked relatively good. I really know that Bill Belichick has this crazy stat with rookie QBs but I just don't think Brian Flores is going to let Cam Newton beat him twice and not to mention we're in unpredictable sticky hot Miami I'm going with a two and a half with Miami at home. Sticky gross human Miami in December that's going to be enough to stop New England Patriots and that crazy record that Bill Belichick does have against those rookie QBs Brian Flores not going to lose twice to Bill Belichick this year Megan likes the Dolphins minus two and a half one final game to get to and that's in top of they will stay in Florida and we'll go with the Bucks who last week covered against the Minnesota Vikings this week they are in Atlanta taking on a Falcons team there are six point favorites according to the fan dual sportsbook and you like Tom Brady in this spot Atlanta has been playing better may get Julio Jones back this week but you like the Bucks anyway. Yeah so um Tampa Bay didn't look great last week but that went over the Vikings set them up for a potential wild card spot and a win over the Falcons would seal the deal. The Falcons don't have much to play for this would kind of just be a spoiler game for them and I don't really see that it being played out that way. The Tampa Bay defense looked good last week they were able to get to Cousins I feel like they're going to roll it over this week and they're going to be able to get to Ryan and speaking of defenses the Falcons passbrush defense allows the third most passing yards per game and I think that that's going to go super well for Tom Brady and just a fun fact Tampa Bay hasn't been to the postseason in 13 years we all know how much Tom Brady loves his rings and his records so I think he's going to have that in the back of his mind while he's playing. Facing off against a division rival that has played better since firing Dan Quinn the Bucks will look to continue their momentum toward that playoff first the first time in 13 years by getting past Atlanta and doing it by at least six points that's what you need over on Fandall Atlanta fell to the Chargers last week and this week facing Tampa Bay for the first time I believe it is season and that means they're going to play twice over the next three weeks Tampa Bay in a good spot against the Falcons. That's a new for us here on the Fandall hurry up Megan we appreciate your time good luck this week. Thank you good luck to you as well let's make some money. I love making money that's why I listen to your podcast and that's why I love talking to you. Tomorrow we'll be joined right here by Tom Becchio as he gives us his top values on the board to pair up with those stars from yesterday. From Megan you guys I'm Greg Sussman thanks so much for watching we'll see you back here tomorrow for another edition of the Fandall hurry up.