Bismillah. Welcome back to the corporate governance module. Last time we were talking about the OECD principles and how corporate governance started to permeate within the US framework of corporateization and corporate control and the different episodes which took place especially the SNL scandal and then moving on to the COSO commission and the institutionalization of the Securities Exchange Commission. Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to take it a little bit further and look at the incorporate person. Now when we are looking at an organization in the corporate governance context then basically it means that a corporation has legal rights and duties and that is how it becomes an incorporate person and ensures that the corporation has certain duties, obligations and responsibilities. Now when we look at corporate governance from the Asian times then we see that throughout the various millenniums and the various centuries we see that there have always been rules, regulations and certain lose laws which have existed but with the advent of the industrial age we see that things started changing and even companies like the East India Company or the Dutch East India Company they had to change. Now we see that the Dutch East India Company in 1609 found their capital locked into a company only publishing its accounts every ten years and they insisted on paying their dividends in spices. Now that itself created a lot of problems so therefore the various governments and monarchies of that time decided that they are going to dilute the ownership of the Dutch East India Company and similarly we see a situation emerging in the East India Company of the British Empire. Now all of these started changing because in 1729 we see in 1720 sorry we see the advent of the bubble act so that a bubble scenario would not be created whereby the whole system would be collapsing and therefore the role of controlling these huge mammoth companies came into existence which we also see in 1857 because in 1857 when the East India Company took over the monarchy of the subcontinent that is when the Queen Victoria of that time became the Queen of India also and the control of the company was taken over by the monarchy through its board. So we see that now slowly slowly there was more interference or there was more regulation by the monarch or by the state or by the government and these things were moving forward to ensure that we would eventually in the end of the 20th century move towards good governance and corporate governance. Now what we see is that there are four different cycles which exist over here and England in all of these years has been moving forward gradually and slowly and that was the essence of the South Sea bubble whereby these different new transparency and cross-regulation and cross-countability and transparency context basically emerged. We also see that the larger ownership started splitting and therefore the role of the minority stakeholder also came into essence and came into play and the role of having a minority shareholder on the board also emerged. So all of these were consequences of the bubble act of 1720. So again these were the developments which were taking place and we see that even the classical English model which is not a corporate model but is more a company model started emerging and we see that the different forms of ownership also emerged looking at them like control through almost complete ownership, majority control, control through a legal device without majority ownership, minority control and management control. So what we see is the splitting of the atom of ownership and based upon that different dilution of ownership controls, control through almost complete ownership, majority control, control through a legal device without the majority ownership, minority control and management control. So, ladies and gentlemen, what we see is that there was not one system of control. There were multiple systems of control and based upon that we see that there was better cross accountability because there would not be a perpetual form of ownership which would be controlling the assets of the company. Sometimes it could be the majority stakeholders, sometimes it could be through a legal instrument defined by the government or by the Securities Exchange Commission, sometimes it could be the minority taking control and sometimes the management itself could be taking control. So, these different variables further ensured that there would be cross accountability and there would be more dependability and there would be more self-discipline existing within the different frameworks and the different stakeholders. Thank you so much.


Abstract, the gaseous molecule nitric oxide, NO, plays a crucial role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Its short half-life and concentration dependence restrict its function to target sites. Exogenous NO can promote cellular functions and treat various pathological conditions. NO releasing platforms or donors have a advanced in recent years to deliver NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs. This review article discusses the generation of NO via enzymatic functions of NO synthase and from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating NO donors into diverse biomaterials are summarized and these NO releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems. This article was authored by Syed Montazir and Rabi, Navadashree Sharma, Anik Karan, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Today is a good day. Do you want to know why? Because it is one more day that I am not in the mental institution. A year ago, my life was different. I was taking a drug called hydroxazine three times a day for anxiety. I was addicted. I watched the clock minute by minute, anxiously waiting until I could take my next lorazepam. I was also secretly self medicating with Vicodin. I was trying to handle my post traumatic stress disorder symptoms. You see, dear audience, you are looking at a rape survivor and a childhood domestic violence survivor. As an adult, the flashback started. I was a shattered human being.  I wanted the pain to stop. To make matters even worse, my marriage was falling apart. I was declared gravely disabled by the state of Washington and enabling child protective services to remove my daughter from my care. I was placed in the mental institution 14 times within seven years. I was so overwhelmed by what my life had become that at age 30, I attempted suicide. Everyone, just for a moment, I want you to consider what it would be like to live my life every single day. Pretty scary, right? Thank goodness my doctors eventually prescribed the right anti-psychotic medication for me, which I still take to this day. It alleviated the devastating flashbacks. However, nothing seemed to relieve the relentless anxiety that I still continue to feel daily. I had hit a tall, wide, formidable brick wall with a huge flashing neon sign that read, out of options. I was lying in bed, every muscle in my body hurting, my brain tied in a knot. I was afraid to go to sleep every night due to the reoccurring, horrendous nightmares. How could I live the rest of my life like this? I had raised my white flag in surrender. Then something miraculous happened. To my rescue came my husband Wei, my knight in shining armor riding a white stallion. He charged through the foreboding brick wall and snatched away my white flag and replaced it with a groupon for floating, my hero. I had never heard of floatation therapy before, but since it was presented as a new option, I immediately called the float center and scheduled my first appointment. The staff explained that floating can help relieve anxiety. As I purchased an unlimited membership, I made it my 2019 New Year's resolution to commit to floatation therapy. My very first session, I fell in love with it. I had never experienced anything like it before. As I share my story with you today, I feel like crying tears of joy.  I believe my nightly routine of eating dinner, floating, driving straight home and going to bed was very effective. In three months under doctor supervision, I was entirely weaned off my anxiety medications. I no longer needed a Lorazepam and my shameful secret of taking Vicodin was over. I simply did not eat it anymore. I no longer suffered suicidal thoughts. The graphic nightmare stopped. I was completely different. By the end of 2019, I had accumulated an astonishing 280 hours in a float pod. I was free. I was able to restore my marriage. Child protective services returned my daughter to my care. During the COVID-19 lockdown, when the float center was closed, my doctors held their breath, waiting for me to backslide into chaos. However, thankfully, my symptoms did not return. I was able to maintain all the progress I had achieved in 2019. My brain had actually been rewired to be at peace. My gentle transformation from floating had become permanent. This was something my battery of medications could never achieve. I also had no negative side effects from floating. Knowing now that anxiety is a universal language, I have authored a trilogy of books that document my recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder. It is due out next spring. I'm also an artist. My time of still uninterrupted thought has sparked many creative breakthroughs that I never thought possible. I'm reaching new creative heights in my career. I attribute my multitude of successes to floatation therapy. I'm hoping my experiences will empower and encourage others to try floating. Most importantly, I now know peace. I now know safety. I now know security. I learned that in a float pod. Please understand float therapy goes far beyond a spa treatment. In my opinion and experience, it is a viable way to treat anxiety disorders. I am living proof it works. Please keep fighting the good fight. First, I implore you to keep researching. Second, work to support every effort to achieve health insurance coverage for floatation therapy. Third, do whatever you can to promote floating as a mainstream treatment. Floating is an untapped wellspring of health that can provide healing for so many. I am truly grateful for the opportunity to share my story with you today. But for the grace of God, I could still be in a mental institution. Ladies and gentlemen, my name is Liberty Jubilee John. Today is a good day.


Hi, I'm Sergei, and my talk is about managing a local WordPress community. My WordPress story started with translating a few strings into Russian in 2007. I'm managing Russian translations and support forums since then for almost nine years. A couple of years later, I started actively working on WordPress core, and now I work as a WordPress core contributor at Hust. I'm also participating in an Apologots team, which translates WordPress into more than 100 languages. The support team, which runs the forums and tries to make sure the users who need some help can get it. And the meta team, which runs the infrastructure behind WordPress work. So, what does a local community mean? It can mean an online community with their Rosetta block forums, documentation in your language, and translation. It can also mean an offline community in your city, meetups, and if there's a large community, also work camps, I'm gonna talk about both online and offline community. So, what the Rosetta block is, it's a center hub for your local, and the place users go to download WordPress in their language. It has a news section, the theme directory translated into a language, the plugins in your language, and the support forums where users go for help and communicate with each other and answer each other's questions. It also has the documentation part is a codex. It's a lot of collection of wiki pages with functional reference and examples. So, an important task for a local community is to provide translations for WordPress core plugins and teams. I think it's maybe the most important task. When a new WordPress version is released, Apolograd's team keeps an eye on the local stats. Here's how it looks, and makes sure that there are no issues and the locales that need some help can get it. We want to make sure that WordPress is translated into as many languages as possible. So, how do we keep translating efficiently? It depends on what you would like to do. If you'd like to stay in touch with the core team and report any issues you've noticed with the strings, then I'd suggest translating WordPress trunk. It's Russian currently in development. If you'd like to provide better Russians and release candidates in your language for your users, you can do that as well. The upside of this approach is that you don't have to translate hundreds of strings at once on the release week, and the downside is that it takes about an hour per week, and most importantly, the strings can change later. So, if you don't like to make too much edits, that's absolutely fine. And then I'd suggest waiting for a string freeze. It's generally announced a couple of weeks before the release. In the past, when you wanted to translate a plugin or theme, you needed to get a pod file, which is a translation template, to allow a software like PoEdit to create PO and ML files and email them to the plugin author. The good news is that now you no longer have to do that. You can translate almost any plugin directory on translate WordPress.org site, which is powered by the software called LogPress. I say almost any plugin because some plugins might not be properly prepared for localization. In that case, you should report the issue to the plugin author. So, it sounds like it's now easy to translate plugins and themes and everything is great. Well, it's not that simple because if you have several thousand plugins and themes to translate, you cannot and should not do it alone. On the translate WordPress.org site, there are three different roles. The general translation editor, or GTE, who oversees translations for the whole locale. The project translation editor, or PTE, who translates a particular project like a plugin or theme or WordPress core, and translator who occasionally contributes a few streams. So, in order for the translation system to work efficiently, you should have as many PTEs as possible, and you also have to make sure they have read and understood the style guidelines for language. So, how do you get more PTEs? When someone has translated a plugin after a post request on a blog to assign that person as a PTE for their plugin, you should monitor those requests, check the strings, and if everything is okay, add that translator as a PTE. If there's an issue, let them know what it is and how to fix it. You don't have to monitor the blog manually. You can set up a notification for the locale code in your WordPress.org profile. You should create a translation guide to refer new PTEs to and document the team's best practices to make sure everyone is on the same side. Currently, there's no way in WordPress to reject a string with some feedback, so if you'd like to explain the reason for the rejection, you have to find a way to contact that translator. Another important part of a local community is support forums. I like the forums pretty much because answering questions from other users is a great way to learn. Most of my WordPress experience comes from tinkering with code per someone's request on the forums. However, once you start answering questions, you begin to represent WordPress itself to the user. You should take that into account.  They come frustrated with a particular problem and need a solution. So don't be condescending, be helpful. Like with plug-in and team translations, you cannot and should not run the support forums alone. So when someone shows up and starts consistently giving helpful replies for a certain amount of time, consider making them a moderator or administrator. There will be a lot of similar questions from different users, so it might be a good idea to create an FAQ page and make sure you have a forum rules or a forum welcome page as well. It's also a good idea to read the support handbook available on make.org. It has some general expectations and advice for support contributors. You should empty the spam queue regularly because otherwise, some replies can easily be lost, especially if they have links in them, which would be frustrating. No need to do it manually. There are browser extensions you can set up for that, like visual ping for Chrome or the still web monitor for Firefox. If you're on WordPress Slack, you can participate in support team meetings on Thursdays and say hi to other members of the international support team. You might also want to create your own Slack team to discuss things specific to your locale and your language. So when you think about WordPress documentation, I guess the first thing that comes to mind is Codex. It's a collection of wikipages with function reference and examples. The upside is that anyone can edit, expand or translate it, and the downside is that it might be hard to find some information because there's no clear distinction between user reference and developer reference. It's kind of a mix of both. That's why Codex is no longer actively developed, so supported. In the future, it will be replaced with a user reference called name Hub Hub, which is currently under development, and code reference, which is already live on the WordPress org. There are also some handbooks for plugin and team developers and for some contributor teams. At the moment, all of them are in English, but perhaps in the future some of them will be translated into other languages. Let's talk about the offline community. I recently started the WordPress Meetup in my home city and would like to share my experience. WordPress Meetup is a group of two or more people getting together on a regular basis and discussing WordPress related topics. There can be any number of attendees and they even can have any formats. So what should you do? There's a good chance you already have a WordPress Meetup in your city which you can join, but what if not? What if there's no WordPress Meetup in your city? Then you should start one. If you haven't seen Tycho's talk this year at what Camterina is called, your local WordPress Meetup is only a few steps away. It's on WordPress.tv and it's very inspiring. I highly recommend it. So how do you start a WordPress Meetup? There are three simple steps. Find a venue, go out to some friends and have a fantastic Meetup. That's it. It's that simple. It might be a good idea to check out existing resources in your city. Maybe there's already a developer group that would be interested in WordPress, maybe a PHP group for some general interested people. When planning the Meetups, you should pick a regular day of the month, but also make sure it doesn't clash with other iterative events. Create a Slack channel to discuss potential ideas and create a website or a Facebook group or whatever to post photos and news. You can choose any formats for the event you like. You can hang out in a coffee shop or have something more official, whatever works for you. It helps to have an agenda and prepare it in advance. For example, you can invite the speaker. You can let everyone discuss their recent WordPress projects. You can have a contributing evening and again, whatever works best for you. If you've been thinking about starting a WordPress Meetup, but haven't yet, just do it. Okay. I have a short talk and to summarize it, I think WordPress is a unique project and what makes it great is the community where everyone is welcome. It's the most open and friendly community I've ever seen without all of us. It's just software. It's okay. It's all for me.