So we're in the home stretch here, usual slides about Creative Commons, so we're talking about coding and information extraction with ChatGPT. I think most of you, or many of you have heard of it, most of you have tried of it, tried ChatGPT, and just in terms of context, this is primarily a lecture. There's a short lab, which is why we asked some of you to try and get accounts for ChatGPT. And then at the end of this, which will be about an hour or an hour and 15 minutes, we'll wrap up. There's a survey that we do at the end of these workshops to get some feedback and advice and comments about what we can do better the next time it's offered. So as with everything, we start off with a learning objective, so we're going to be learning about ChatGPT, about other chatbot systems or large language models. We'll also learn about other types of options or alternatives to ChatGPT. The main point really is to show how you can use ChatGPT to facilitate your work in bioinformatics. So we're going to show you how you can do some coding with ChatGPT. We're also going to talk a little bit about information extraction and something called in-context learning and how that can be used to do information extraction. So probably everyone's heard about ChatGPT because it's been in the news a lot. There's a Hollywood strike because of it right now. There's been lots of debate. There's new laws, I think, starting up here. People signed letters. Jeffrey Hinton resigned from Google because of ChatGPT. It was developed by a company called OpenAI. The company started about seven or eight years ago as a not-for-profit foundation in San Francisco. But over time, they were finding that a lot of people were investing money but not making money, and so others wanted to put money in but convert it to a for-profit model. And so Microsoft actually switched or converted OpenAI to a for-profit model. Among some of the people who started OpenAI was Elon Musk, but he left I think in 2017, so he's no longer been part of it. It was probably because of the shift to the for-profit model that OpenAI started actively working on ChatGPT. So it hit the news at the end of November with a release called Version 3.5. And I've mentioned this before, about the $700 million to develop it. About 350 people, they started in 2018, 2017, roughly when they became a for-profit one. They used a model similar to a graphical neural net, which is called a generative pre-chain transformer. And transformers, architects you showed on the right here, upper figure. And they're using things like fee form, that's something you guys learned about neural nets. It's using something called attention systems, which is how long something should focus. And so this is something that can be encoded. They use embedding, which is something you can standardly use in text processing, as opposed to say the one hot encoding you've talked about. There's additional positional encoding that's used. You can see some of the activation functions there. There's a softmax function. There's a linear function. There's various other thresholds that are done. But it's a complicated architecture, more complex, obviously, than a neural net. The large language models, which chat GPT is one of them, use huge amounts of data, billions of words. So to train chat GPT required massive computers with specialized GPUs or graphical processor units, running for months to even years to complete the training. As I said earlier that really, as a generative model, what it does is it generates text or words. With models, you can see those with your auto suggest or auto fill in your cell phones when you're texting. And it takes the first letter or two and suggests a word. If you have some of the auto fill or auto suggest activated with your email systems, they can also suggest certain phrases or words based on their frequency, which you say or use those. So, you know, rather than just a single word or a few words, chat GPT can generate, you know, three or 4,000 words at a time. Now large language models can process text, they can some content handle voice, some can handle images. And in terms of what they can do, they can do things like follow instructions, they can recognize objects, they can caption images, they can do question answering. They can do something called sentiment analysis telling whether it's a positive or a negative feeling, or they can do information extraction. These are all applications general applications of large language models. And a lot of those things represent what we would call intelligence. So, in June of 2016, open a started working on generative models. And that was their open source model and so they actually described GPT to and I think that was mostly open sourced. Other models as well. January, they created something called instruction instruct GPT, and that is something that is able to follow instructions really well, and this has been really important because when you ask chat GPT do something, it has to understand what you're asking. So about a year later they released the full version of chat GPT GPT 3.5 and they made it as a web service. In February this year they had chat GPT plus as a subscription, which basically allowed you to access chat GPT for or enhancements beyond that. Now, Bing, which is funded chat GPT also came out from Microsoft. The API came out in March, the 4.0 was formally released with chat GPT plus and a lot of data showed and a lot of people have been playing with chat GPT actually since December or January and it was performance is quite a bit better than version 3.5 So a whole bunch of plugins have been introduced and those are piling on macOS app has been introduced for chat GPT 3.5. Bing now powers chat GPT web browsing, and then there have been more prompts introduced for people to have smarter interactions with chat GPT. So a lot of stuff has happened in the last year and there's more stuff going on and it's very hard to keep up. So a large language model is something that has billions of weights in it. So a lot of things about those could be one to two billion weights that have been determined by training tens of billions. In some cases now they think it's trillions of words for chat GPT for that have been scraped from the internet. So that includes, you know, documents, databases, Wikipedia abstracts from PubMed also includes, you know, text messages that people have been sending. More information about how people talk, communicate. And of course, through that it's getting knowledge or fats.  And as I said, the concept of a large language model is to take an input text, or generate first word and then try to predict the next word or next token, based on the previous words, or on the instructions that it's been given. So, if you wanted to have a 12 billion parameter large language model. It would require 72,000 GPU hours to train. The GPU operates at probably 100 to 1000 times faster than the CPU for certain tasks. And so this is just, you know, the scale and the cost of the computation of these things. So, in terms of the details. It's, it's called probabilistic tokenization tokens are about four letters. And before you'd almost think of it as syllables. And they call these syllables n grams. The n grams or syllables are given certain numbers. So you can see this example of some text tokenizer colon text goes to a series of numerical tokens. Five or six word sentence. You tokenize that six word into token. And then that's one syllable iser is another syllable or pseudo syllable colon is another symbol text is another one arrows another one series of, and then there might be newer rather than numerical. There's quotes and then create other tokens for T and O and K and ends. So what they have done or what these GPT systems do is they learn the probabilities these tokens by training and optimizing just like we've talked about, you know, have batches and then epochs and you take your training data. And you, you know, process it and incrementally improve it. And, you know, you say, okay, I'm supposed to be able to say take tokenizer text arrows series of numerical tokens. So the next time someone shows me tokenizer, will I write exactly the same thing or predict what which words should follow or which tokens should follow afterwards. And, and some of it is based on context. Some of it's based on a prompt, some of it's based on the data that you've collected. And if you think about it, that's very much how we talk and how we think we are generative word generators. And those are driven either by instructions, or by, you know, internal cues that we have about what we need to say. So, you know, you can get so far with, you know, predicting what words be next, but there's a process called fine tuning, which is a training. So after you've done the general training, then you do the fine tuning, and you go through corrections or you specialize in certain text or subtext or groups. A lot of the fine tuning for chat GP to was done through reinforcement learning and formally it's called reinforcement learning from human feedback. That was the same reinforcement learning concept we talked about in the first lecture about how cars learn to drive. And particularly it's good for robotic performance, but it's also good for trying to get things to behave more like humans. So actually open a higher, I hired lots of people humans to manually correct and reinforce responses. They also, the reason why they released a chat GP time on the web was to get even more feedback to get an even better model. And so when they released in November, that feedback was used I think to refine and improve chat GP GP 3.5 to four. You can also, you know, get to the point where it's training itself and this is what was done or what happened with chess and checker playing games. They would, you know, play against themselves. And you can do self instruction to bootstrap quality or improve the responses. So one thing that was surprising and maybe unexpected was as you grew these large language models from 100 million to a billion to 10 billion. And I guess in terms of the number of parameters, the biggest ones is somewhere around almost a trillion. So that's cheap chat GPT at 100 billion palm. I think that's Google. All of them are well over 100 billion. You can see in the lower table, the size of some of their parameters. Chat GPT, chat GPT 3. Some of them, you can access their source code. Some are available through API. Some are not accessible. And then there's the commercial ones. So the original version of chat of GPT came out with 100 million in 2018 GP to 2019 was one billion parameters. And then there's the dialogue GPT in 2020 GPT Neo in 2021. And then there should be instruct GPT somewhere around their GPT 3 had about 100 billion parameters. And then chat GPT in 3.5. When things get up to around 100 billion parameters, they start to get knowledge about syntax about semantics and about ontologies. And those are sort of inherent in how humans write language and communicate. So there seems to be this threshold that where this thing gets, you know, human like or smart. And again, it's not fully understood people are still trying to parse this out and why did this happen, how could this happen. These are some other graphs showing some of the early models and how many parameters were used. So there is a Google parameter model of 140 million GPT 2 was 1.5 billion. Lama 65 billion. GPT 375 billion go for palm, palm E. And then the chat GPT for they think maybe close to a trillion parameters. So growth in size somewhere around between 150 to 300 billion parameters things start to get intelligent. So we talked about some of the applications I showed in the earlier slide information instruction information extraction instruction following question answering summarization. But some of the other things that people have used chat GPT for to try to write cover letters to plan trips to provide professional advice, there's this GitHub with a whole bunch of prompts. And do grammar checking code debugging coding advice coding, adding code comments, menu planning recipe writing, writing poetry, writing music lyrics, writing essays, writing stories, and writing scientific papers. So at this stage that I'm going to stop a little bit and go to you guys and ask if and what some of you have been able to use chat GPT or similar tools for does anyone want to volunteer things about what they've had fun doing or try letting chat GPT. Yeah, so I've been using chat GPT pretty much since it came out. And what I've been primarily using it for is to develop an application, like a Python application. Actually, before I started using chat GPT I didn't know much of Python, but I've noticed that if you can ask it specific questions the same way that you can like, search it up on stack overflow, and you can, if you chain logic so like one request is referenced in a one request, it gives like really, really good results. Yeah, that's a very good point and really important application. Kylie. I just wrote it in the chat but yeah like my personal favorite is actually trip planning it's great it saved me tons of time I say I'm going to the city for three days what should I do. It's a three day itinerary it's great. Sometimes writing like if I'm really stuck I can just it just. It's often wrong not exactly what I want to say but it's a really great place to start and kind of helps me get through those writing blocks. Coding help and stuff. Yes, it's been really, really helpful. Anyone else with comments. So, um, I had a problem for a while because I was, I work on like it's a dog genetics, dog cancer, and a lot of the variants in humans are really well annotated and they tell you whether it's a, what kind of, you know, if it's a hotspot mutation or something like that. So we always had to blast our, our sequence against the human sequence to find out that location, because it might be very conserved region. And if it changes to the same amino acid or something similar then we can also say that okay this could be a hotspot mutation in dogs as well. So it's a great problem for us because we don't have huge amount of data. We just want to compare, compare the, you know, the changes, what does change signify in humans. So, so instead of like, I was trying to write a code myself and I'm like I wasn't sure how to do that so I asked chat GBD and so it initially did not was not able to help me but I like I said I asked a very specific question because my idea was to just why don't I create a blast database using this only cancer in 900, 900 human proteins and then blast, blast create a database with that and blast, blast all my dog data against that. And then can I pull out the information from that and that's what I would ask chat GBD write me a code how can I pull that information Amino acid say a in position 58 in dog what is the position of that in humans. And so that what I asked, and it initially give me a Python code and I said like I don't know how to manipulate a Python code because I'm not used to it. So it's right the same thing in our and it did. And so but it still couldn't give me the exact answer but I was able to within a week sort of make that happen and it works pretty well now. So it was, it was very helpful in that way. Good. That's, that's very helpful to know. Page. I've used chat GBT a lot to write me protocols on like transferring data from one type of instrument to another like I have usually like a CSV exponent file and I try and get chat GBT to write me a protocol and step by step process to how to upload it into like a self max plate reader. So it's very helpful for that that kind of stuff where the protocols for that aren't on Google anywhere. It didn't work exactly but it gives you kind of a good pathway to try to do it. Yeah. Yeah, that's cool. Yes, I tried using chapter GPT for some Python coding and I found it kept giving me a lot of deprecated code that drove me up the wall. So I, you know, I ended up going back to stack overflow and checking for this and that so I was a tad thrown off, but it's probably improved and probably gives better code now so I don't kind of waste time. So, I don't know, maybe, and I have a chance to sign up for chat GBT for yet, but it's on my to do list. Yeah. Yeah, I've heard that from a number of people about the tendency to use deprecated code or functions. And there are different chat bots, both version four but also other providers that seem to specialize more in code and produce higher quality code. Okay, so I think, again, it's it's nice to hear just people's thoughts. I was at a dinner once with a musician and he was fascinated with chat GPT and he was showing how you could get chat GBT to write actually really good music lyrics in various musical styles from similar to various musical artists. And he was as a musician he was impressed. I was equally impressed. So, I'm going to switch back to our screen again. And I'll continue with the discussion. So I think so you're also looking at how we can use chat GPT for trip planning. I'm just going to make sure that this thing is so other applications are language translation. Web search role playing has been another one topic summarization copy for ads. Brain storming virtual assistant tax tasks qa or customer service interpreting queries for music and art generation. So there's Dolly that some of you may have heard of mid journey music lm people used to solve riddles puzzles, crosswords, running jokes, chords for lyrics, gift recommendations, making tables as well as text, classifying information, getting product descriptions. So these are maybe more obscure but these are ones that have been successfully used. So, there's a lot of hype and these are performance tests that chat GPT 3.5 chat GPT for chat GPT for with no vision or able to do. AP stands for advanced placement. So these are, you know, high school, 12th grade exams. So considered the peak of a person's knowledge people got AP credits usually got first year university credit. So, it's chat GPT was able to take these tests. You can also take the SAT test. This is a test that's commonly done in the US for college admission, and it does very well. So it knows art history and psychology knows US government US history, SAT math, the graduate record exam. So, at least with chat GPT 3.5 it was hovering around 65% with chat GPT for it's almost 100%. The writing component, not much better else that that's the legal lawyers exam so this is to get into minute to law school. The chat GPT for gets you up to around the 80th percentile. There's other exams from chemistry quantitative work. You can see where it starts failing. Badly things like English literature, English language. This is where it tends to fail with sort of open ended questions, which is typical of write an essay on on the meaning of life. And that might be something you get with an AP English language exam or an AP English literature and talk about why Shakespeare was important. And so you would get this thing called hallucination and it would do pretty badly. Some of the things that people have tried with chat GPT especially chat GPT for it actually passed not only the LSAT to get into law school it passed the New York State bar exam. The assessment on SAT it would have got about the 90th percentile so it would have been probably good enough to get into universities like Berkeley or elsewhere. GRE. Very well, US biology Olympiad exam 99th percentile. All the high school AP exams were passed by chat for. It also can be a sommelier, a wine taster tester. It obviously kept some taste wine or drink wine but in terms of its knowledge about why it passed the introductory certified in advanced ones. It passed the Wharton MBA exam, and also passed the US medical licensing exam, which would be sufficient to become a doctor. So, these are pretty impressive achievements. And, you know, it's able to do this 24 seven anytime of the day does it without studying. There are limitations with chat GPT. So the data it's knowledge basis only current about 2021. Weirdly it doesn't look up things like Wikipedia or the dictionary. So, you know, who is Donald Trump and it might write some kind of hallucinatory description, whereas you can just look it up on Wikipedia. Or what's the definition of onomatopoeia. Again, it won't look up in a dictionary. More advanced methods or groups like chat sonic will use things like knowledge graphs and lookups to get answers and to access the internet. It can't tell time can't tell dates that can't do simple math. You guys can probably try doing math or can get time information from Google. It fails at these open ended questions. Why was Shakespeare important. It can't do that, which is why it fails these AP exams, I guess in English literature. The only complaint is it doesn't provide citations or references to its statements or some race, and as a result it will hallucinate. So the term means generating nonsensical or false statements. Some of you guys could do this right now but you can have it, you know, write a biography and put your name in and see what it does. Unless you're really, really famous. It'll make for some pretty interesting stories about you. So if anyone's able to do that. Maybe in the next minute or two they can read their biography as generated by chat GPT. If you've never gone or tried that cheap GPT we've given you guys some descriptions so you can go to chat open AI calm. You can log in or sign in sign up so. If you haven't signed in please do if you have a login and you can just log in. Enter your email and they have to give a password and that's how you start accessing it. And in my case I don't have chat GBD for chat GBT plus I can just access chat GPT 3.5. And you can see where I've typed in a query this is a question answering thing. So explain what hidden Markov models are. But there are other things. Examples of explain quantum computing in simple terms, which they do for a 10 year old's birthday. It allows you to follow up on corrections, but as I said it can hallucinate. So maybe I'll just stop here did anyone try chat GPT and ask them to write a biography about themselves. I did yes. Do you read it to us or is it too personal. No, no, no, it actually it gave me an error and so that I wasn't famous before 2021. And so or after 20. Yeah, after 2021 so it didn't have anything and then I revised it to include like doctor. Jennifer get us Macauster and then it generated that I'm a famous neuroscientist and won a Nobel Prize in neurophysiology. So thank you. And at the bottom it said that this is fictional and not based on a real person. It's kind of fun. Okay. That's interesting. Anyways, it is a failing and I know a number of people have tried. I don't know Nia did you ever get a biography of your yourself written by David on that right now it also doesn't think I'm famous but I'm hoping that it will similarly manifest something so positive for me. Okay, show that you have a question. Yeah, she was going to comment. I asked for a biography about you David and it gave a beautiful biography. Oh, okay. He writes about you very well, because you are famous. I don't know, you'd have to I'll have to check to see if it's factual but that's that's I haven't done that so I'm glad you tried it. It's interesting. Anyways, I think some of it will remember if people have, you know, modified it so if you guys have asked to write a biography and said you know, correct correct this or change this. They will remember. So the next time you ask it to write a biography, it'll be a little better. Okay, just those controls. And so this is the output after to write about hidden Markov models and it wrote and wrote and wrote. I could have said, you know, explain what Markov models are in less than 2000 words but it's, it's quite good actually, in terms of this description, and it's not taken from Wikipedia. And I find a lot of the descriptions for Wikipedia, either in computing or math are written by someone who likes proofs and lemmas. So the versions that are produced by chat to be a much more readable and often much more understandable. In terms of chat gpt plus it now gives you access to gtp 3.5 and four, and you can interact and retrieve. So if you want this gtp plus you can pay about $20 a month USD. Now there's a limit. You can interact with about 50 times every three hours, or about 400 times a day. If you're working 24 hours with chat gbt 3.5 you can hit it as many times as you want. The, there's an app. And it's available for iOS and Android, but it's not available everywhere. And I'm not sure if it's even available. Some of them are, but the US usually has a lead access for a couple months. So you can put the chat gpt into your applications you can put them into products you can put them into services. So you can have conversational interactions so this is why you can have a customized chat bot or customer service tool. And so you can access that API through chat.com. You have to get an API key and follow documentation and create in their specific application so our lab has purchased an API. Has anyone else been able to get an API how many people have. I guess you'll have to put your hands up or put something in, in the chat session so someone can tell me how many people have actually got the API.  I don't see, I see none here right now. Okay. But yeah, we were chatting in my group, I think one person had used it. I'm not too sure but yeah, so keong has it. Anyways, you can depending on the model and number of tokens you use because there is a cost for the number of tokens. And we talked about this word, this comment before tokens are small words or syllables about four characters long. So 1000 tokens is 750 words. So, one and a half cents for 1000 tokens for the API for the turbo model. This output is point two cents, and it's somewhat more with GPT for typically it's three cents for 1000 tokens for input and four cents for six cents for 1000 the output. Now, chat GPT three has I guess code or coding capabilities. Remember, there's 3.5 that's the web version for that's the one that cost money. Three, you can do this thing called fine tuning. So it's it's not like trying to learn the original model but it's trying to customize the model to do specific things that you want it to do. So fine tuning, you can either run it on the platforms the GPUs that I guess open AI has, or you could run it or models similar to it on separate platforms. So with a DaVinci, now the cost instead of being point one cents or are they get to be more expensive. So fine tuning is three cents for 1000 tokens or 12 cents for 1000 tokens with the fine tuned one. It's the most expensive thing to do on chat GPT but it's often needed for companies when they want to have specific knowledge. So, when you start calculating the cost if you're looking at, you know, thousands of words hundreds of thousands of words millions of words costs start to mount. So there are a number of alternatives. Microsoft Bing, Bard, Clode to and Lama to how many people have heard of chat sonic. Maybe just put your hands up and some of the tears can count. Any, anyone who had a hand up for chat sonic. Not yet. Okay. So this is one that actually in many respects is probably better than chat GPT that's actually built on chat GPT, but it uses knowledge graphs. It has citations, it has access to the internet, you can use audio, it hasn't built an image generated like chat GPT is not open source, and you can't quite access it as many times as you might want to as say chat GPT 3.5. But given its capabilities, probably most people wouldn't want to use it more than 25 times a day. So, in many respects I think check sonic is almost heads and shoulders better than chat GPT. And there's Bard. So, it's built on a very large language model palm to three uses knowledge graphs, which chat GPT doesn't. It's very fast. It has different behavior. So it's trained by people and fine tuned I guess by different people so it just is like a different entity. Like chat GPT like chat sonic bars not open source. Unfortunately doesn't provide provide citations which is a limitation. Which is also another Google also anthropic version so it has different large language model technology most the other ones. It's very good at writing code. So, a lot of you guys have mentioned application for code, this one seems to be better than chat GPT does text extraction it's fast. It's not available in Canada yet. And it's not open source. I'm sure velvet in Canada is going to happen very soon. Bing. You can get it immediately. It's free performs web queries gives you visual answers. It's powered by chat GPT for. So, if you don't want to pay the $20 to get chat GPT for just get being it gives citations. It's very accurate, but it's slow and not open source. Very positive. So, as you mentioned one of the issues that we have with chat GPT is that it doesn't have access to internet. And it doesn't have access to current information. It doesn't provide you information where it got answers for your questions. So being allows you to search internet or get current information. And it gives you references. So you can go to the references and see if it hallucinated the answer or if the answer is real. So there's way to verify. It replies from being unfortunately sometimes it's because it's popular you lose connection to server. It limits how much you can ask it for days or the sun cons but generally it's it's really great. Yeah, I think a lot of people complain about the slowness or the fact that you lose connections but yeah there's positives with it. The other one is Lama to so this is produced by Facebook slash meta. So people have commented that it's really good at reasoning instruction following good coding abilities. You can get models with the 70 billion parameter model. It's been trained on two trillion tokens or one and a half for one and three quarter trillion variables it's freely available but more importantly, it's the only one of these ones that is open source. It's probably better than chat GPT three. It's maybe not quite as good as chat GPT 3.5. And so the other commercial ones in terms of human performance tests. But it's evolving because if it's open source nature so you know this was written a couple weeks ago so by now it may be as good. So the fact that you can run it locally and install it locally is nice but to maybe do it properly you have to run it on what are called a 100 GPUs these are the cream of the crop GPUs about $15,000 each. So usually need two or three of them you need at least 80 gigabytes of RAM to run the 70 billion parameter model. So these are not commuters that most of you have around at home I don't think. But you know that you can also run in the cloud and I think that offers it that way. So, those are some options. That's a small list is probably more than a dozen that are appearing now. We're choosing chat GPT part because it's the best know probably not the best. But because it's so accessible and so fast. I think it's a good one to to play with. So one of the applications of course is coding with chat GPT. So, you know, you can start a session, I can start a new chat or you've got this empty thing here you can just type in something. So you can submit any query, you can click new chat or type instructions in that query box in chat GPT. So here's an example query, write a Python program for translating DNA. It can be non specific and this is an example of the very open ended query. But you could probably, you know, be more specific site write a Python program using non deprecated Python code for translating DNA in, you know, six reading frames, where, you know, the query DNA sequence can be entered through a prompt enter DNA sequence here. Anyways, that's a more specific query. And by giving more specificity to the query, or the instructions, you're more likely to get more complete and correct answer. And this has been the problem a lot of people don't know that a lot of people don't know about the importance of what's called query engineering. So here's the result. And what you get is something that's kind of cute it says, certainly DNA. So it says yes I'm happy to do so DNA translation the process of converting DNA sequence into corresponding protein sequence and the other genetic code. Here's a simple Python code to perform that translation so it's given you an answer. It spits it out. And then you can see that it's produced all the codon 64 identified stop and start codons. And then it says, give you gives you instruction replace the DNA sequence with your desired DNA sequence and the code for output the corresponding protein sequence. Note this example since the DNA sequences a valid sequence the length is divisible by three. And then it says from chat to 3.5, you know, tells you what it's going to do explains it. At this stage you'll notice it doesn't, well it even has comments so there's an example DNA sequence, then it says perform DNA translation, define the genetic code. So from a quick view it looks good. If you guys know about Google Colab you can cut and paste that code into Google Colab. And as some of you guys have noted, not everything that's coded by chat GPD is correct so this is something that Vasu asked it to do and when you put in this DNA sequence. It was divisible by three. In fact, I think it was divisible by three, but somehow it got confused. So, the point here is that the chat GPD code is generally good, but it's not always perfect. And that often means that people need to tweak the code a little bit. So it failed here. And if we do a little bit of debugging. And then the original code, and then the code that Vasu implemented. There's about four or five lines have changed. And now it's able to read the protein sequence more appropriately. And when you did the query. It does the correct translation. It's, we'll say maybe 95% correct and it did, you know, the tedious part by getting the codons. It understood what it was supposed to do. Certainly the ability to read input was correct. And it got you a good ways there. Any questions or comments about that. My side, of course, just in addition to what you just said about the query engineering. So, yeah, so even chat GPD gets better with each prompt and each query. So the way we prompt it. So it's supposed to get better. In many cases, it does get better. And also, just a fun fact there now real courses going on on query engineering. So people are doing those courses, not for chat GPD, but AI, AI query engineering, there are some some courses out there that people are getting. You know, yeah, I'm getting paid to become query engineers as well. Yeah, I'll just go back to one thing that people could take a look at the long ways back so you'll see this providing professional advice so if you take this website GitHub trying off ski AI professional prompts tree dot slash main. You can either cut and paste that or type that out or just search it called AI professional prompts. You'll see what a really good prompt engineering thing can do. And it's just, you know, very explicit instructions. And, and then you can take those explicit expressions and see what it does. There's other ones that have also good prompts. So that was translating DNA. It's sort of our or finder if you want. Then let's try and write a Python program to not only translate but to do or finding in DNA sequences. Here's a Python code that finds open reading frames in a given DNA sequence replace a DNA sequence with your variable interest code will find works and all three reading frames and print the identified works in their indices. This may not cover all cases you might need to refine extend the code based on requirements. So we can take that code into Google co lab. And it actually does find the or their very short ones, but it's a short sequence. And so in this case, it's probably more efficient than the original or code that we wrote. But it's also a little more limited. But this is an example where we got it first hit. And this is again a query that that would submit it. I presume it was your first shot at or had you refined the query a few times was the first shot. So, again, since you guys have access to chat GPT, maybe you can try asking it to write up some code. Now it shouldn't be too complicated, which is, you know, like me, you carry that gene finder code in our. That's probably too complicated. But you could ask it to write, you know, a neural net model that is also an or finder or something like that. I also want to point out if you're not keeping an eye on the slack you're missing out. Mark has been putting in some really interesting sort of auxiliary information, extra credit for reading. It's really good stuff. Okay. So what you'll find and you guys can chest this whether you want to do it in our or Python. It won't always generate perfect code, but you do need to do a little bit of debugging version for if you're going to pay for it is better than version 3.5 or if you're using Bing. I guess it can also, we can run that. But remember the other ones that I've mentioned, like, I guess, Bard and Lama, those apparently also probably better than chat GPT for code generation.  It will start improving or enhancing some of those things. And so this is something that Mark was doing and trying to revise the R module for the gene predictor. It goes back to the point about optimum performance, the more complete, the more precise, the more comprehensive, the more accurate your prompt, you know, the better engineers your prompt, the better results you're going to get. So that's for coding. You can also take code and ask chat GPT what's wrong with it. You know, it's not working. Can you explain where the errors are or you can take code and ask it to add comments to the code so they can better understand what's going on. So those are other components, other aspects of chat GPT and maybe for next year we'll add some examples of that as well. Another part for chat GPT is in the area of information extraction. So it's IE, it's shorter, easier to say. So you're getting information from a topic and you're retrieving it from sources of text. It's trying to take free text unstructured data, sentences, papers, journal articles, and putting it into sort of a structured format, a database. To delete IE, you now have to do named entity recognition, you know, to recognize nouns and recognize what types of nouns they are, and you have to then target that or categorize that information. So why is information extraction important, and from the field of science in general, not just bioinformatics, if you're around in 1660 you only had to read two scientific articles, journals. Right now, there's about 60,000 scientific journals. And within the total number of articles is about 500,000 medical articles per year. That means if you're a very good reader, you could read all of them and one article per minute. If we include all scientific articles, there's a 1.5 million published. So currently PubMed captures a good portion of those, and there's about 35 million abstracts from 20,000 journals. So it covers one third of the scientific journal population. You know, just in the last roughly 40, 50 years, 70% of all scientific articles have been published. So it is climbing, if not linearly, probably exponentially. So if you are someone who studies, say breast cancer, as far as 25 years ago, you to stay current would have to read 27 papers per day and scan at least 130 different journals. So given what this is 25 years ago, you could probably double these numbers. So if you're studying breast cancer day you'd have to scan 250 journals and read at least 50 papers per day. I don't know anyone who has the time to do that. But this is a question that a lot of us are asking how do we keep up. So one way of doing this is through information extraction and people started thinking about this, even back in the 60s of course computers weren't powerful enough to do that. There are some other programs that started appearing in the 80s and 90s. Some of them were done for Reuters, the news gathering organization. More recently, there's been a number of open source tools that appeared. These are things that you can download for free and that can do the name identity recognition that can help with some aspects of information extraction. You can also do information extraction with chat GPT. So here's some text couple hundred words about artificially intelligent robots and the role of Valentine and intelligence. And so you can ask it so here's the text extract the data classes from above in a simple JSON object. Give me the century the date the scientists the paper. So, you know, you can do this yourself. You'd have to read it, but here's the answer. It found, you know, this is about the 20th century scientists is all entering the date in this case is 1950 and the paper that was wrote was computing machine intelligence. So, you know, you're taking text and you're writing it into a format that could be used in a database that is pure and efficient information extraction. And the reason why it can happen is because the large language model like chat GPT is able to recognize entities. It can also categorize things, and it can extrapolate things, and it has context information. A lot of these open source tools that are around didn't have the large language models they have, you know, vast collections of code to look at things that huge look up tables and other tricks. But all of that is sort of parameterized in chat GPT and other elements. So what if you want to do more sophisticated information extraction so one of these things is the area of sentiment analysis using in context learning or query engineering. So ICL or in context is prompting a method is a prompting method that allows you to take an already existing LLM like chat GPT and to learn a new task without fine tuning or retraining the model on hundreds of GPUs. So it learns from analogies or examples. In this case, you can say, you know, here's the sentence, the acting was superb. The sentiment is positive. Another sentence the special effects were terrible sentiment is negative. Now, from those two shots. How well can it learn. And now you're giving an example characters are well developed. Is this a positive sentiment or a negative sentiment. Here's the structure for the query you give a name review colon statement sentiment colon statement and give it a few examples. And when you give the sentiment as a question mark. It comes back with positive. That's chat GPT 3.5. The chat GPT for goes quite a bit further. Characters are well developed. The positive review praises an aspect of the performance for the negative criticizes inferred sentiment for the new review is positive. So it explains why it's rationale. So it's much more verbose than chat GPT 3.5 but both of them are able to do sentiment analysis, which is one of the harder things to do. You can then go beyond just simply sentiment analysis and apply for information extraction by giving examples to be extracted. So this is something that Sagan development where he's taken some query engineering or in context to extract biomedical data or bio tremendous applications. So here's a sentence. The LCT gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called lactase. Here's some relations. LCT gene lactase and that encodes to lactase is an enzyme. Here's another example. HSP 70 encoded by three closely related parallax HSP a one a, a one B and a one L is a stress index protein. Here's some relations. It's giving you a game sort of an ontology instruction. And then your third example is the query. What is up to opt for. And how would you extract the information about it. So from that, GTP 3.5 tells you that poof, poof five F one is a gene that opt for encodes and opt for is a protein. GTP for does a little bit more. It's again more verbose. It explains things. And rationalize what it did and it basically gives the same result. But explains that poof five F one is known as for. So you can apply it to something even more complicated and this is where we're doing extraction with a more complicated sentence about four periodoxic acid and what sort of classic component is how it's what it looks like what it's what it's drivetized with that it's a catapult product of vitamin B six and then it's excreted in the urine. And so by giving more examples with more complex outputs and extraction criteria, we can see that from that sense we can extract chemical classifications structure information location in bio fluids chemical relationships and so on. So this is, you know, it's a dense sense or two with lots of information and through GPT three with, I guess this is Da Vinci is that right Sagan. Yes, this was the Da Vinci model that was fine tuned. So this is a little further than what you can do with career engineering but but it is an example of, you know, where you can potentially take it. So gain, encourage people after I finish here to maybe give things a few tries about, you know, what can I do if I query engineer, you won't be able to do fine tuning. But I think you've given some examples of what you can do with. I see how. Now, when you wanted to information extraction is a great, you know, now I can extract everything I want from all of the literature. No, not quite so fast so chat to be three can only take in about 1500 words chat three point five about 3000 words chat before about 6000 words. And that limits both your input and your output so that's not an entire corpus of all known scientific literature. So, you know, because the queries have to be complicated and trained that means you're not able to get things done quickly. If you wanted to be able to process lots of things that you could submit queries so you can have a paper broken down into three batches of 4000 tokens and you can feed them in progressively and if you have hundreds of papers you could feed them in sort of like you'd strip through a feeder. So it's not as if you're going to feed in hundreds of millions of words in one query, but you'd have to do this repeatedly. So that's possible. However, if you do the calculation, and you wanted to say, extract all of PubMed abstracts, because there's about 10 billion words in PubMed abstracts, it'll cost you $30 million. Now, you don't have to look at all of PubMed, you can obviously select and sub select certain parts as a corpus and feed smaller amounts of data. So if you said, I only want to cover breast cancer from, you know, 2010 and later, and only on a bracket one subjects, you might be able to win it down to a few thousand abstracts which translates to maybe 500,000 words, which is something might only cost a few hundred dollars a year, if you wanted to cover that. So that's it for chat GPT. It's also kind of the end of the course. I did want to cover, or maybe before I wrap up, maybe I'll ask people if they had any comments or questions about chat GPT or if they tried anything and got some interesting results. Okay. I think we're pretty much at the end of the day here. I did want to just make sure we'll wrap up in terms of final comments. We're going to have a quick review, but I just wanted to give you the whole point of this is to give you some flavor of the different tools. We wanted to give you guys some code so you can reuse it if you wanted to do it. Machine learning is presented in terms of toy problems, really trivial ones. And while the Irish problem is simple, it's not trivial. It is biologically related. We tried to give you some real bioinformatics examples, real bioinformatics problems. I think we've also shown you about the structure neural nets. We've tried to show that coding everything from scratch is pretty hard. And at least now that you know that it how difficult it can be, you appreciate things like SK learn and Keras and TensorFlow. But it's still something that you do need to know coding, although certainly with chat GPT. A lot of that tedious coding might be something that can do for you. We talked about classification, some of the regression calculations. These are things that are being webified and I showed you guys examples of the table analyst that does that now, so that you don't miss that I have to code. But there are other classes of machine learning problems from gene prediction protein structure prediction that are very specialized and those are probably too specialized to be general web servers. The last thing we learned about was just the chat box, and it'll certainly change the field of bioinformatics, it'll change coding. It'll change how we gather information. I think some level it's going to be good but in many levels I think there's a general expectation that there's going to be a lot of job losses for certain categories of specialists. And how that'll fall out, we don't know for sure. But as you guys learn more about this, you'll probably start appreciating where you should be and where you shouldn't be in the field of computing. Okay, so I want to thank everyone for sticking around and for for being part of this workshop. And thanks for all of your efforts and engagement and really engaging questions as well.


In today's unboxing, let's unbox the newest LeBuff fountain pens. This is another limited edition and they always do pens inspired by famous slash significant historical figures and this one is inspired by Jules Verne, specifically his iconic novel Around the World in 80 Days. The pen comes in the traditional LeBuff box that's dark blue with the logo on the outside and it comes with your ink cartridges. Here's a look at your pen. I do also like that they include that insert with the information about the biographical information about the inspiration behind the pen. Here on the finial you have the silhouette of Jules Verne. The pen clip does have the LeBuff name engraved there just like they usually do. I like the pen clip, it's pretty springy. On the back of the cap you have the gold filled hot air balloon which is one of the major visual references people will come up with in connection to this novel. The white at the end cap and the cap just really highlights the vivid blues and the resin used on the barrel. It's really, really beautiful and it is an exclusive special bright blue acrylic that they use for this Jules Verne pen. In traditional LeBuff style you also have Jules Verne's signature engraved with gold fill there on the barrel. It is a threaded cap. It does have that spring metal clip that we looked at. It has the double rings on the cap with the one ring on the barrel meeting up with those double rings. The section matches the cap and it has a stainless steel nib that's plated to match the trim. And that's a German made nib with the LeBuff logo. The LeBuff limited edition Jules Verne around the world in 80 days fountain pen does have a cartridge converter filling system so to access that you would unscrew the barrel from the section and it already has a converter installed in the pen when it arrives and you saw the box of six ink cartridges that they include with your pen purchase so if you would rather use the ink cartridges you just remove that converter and pop in an ink cartridge. For more information about the LeBuff around the world in 80 days limited edition Jules Verne visit pinchley.com


That's going to the wall. Oh my God. Guys, for the records, a highlighter too. Gosh. I mean, just being in the same room with all these people. Yeah, I feel the same way. I feel like there's so much legacy here right now. It's kind of, it's overwhelming. Yeah, sitting, having a round circle with McDahlia, and Richard, and Octavio. I mean, it's amazing. Too much, too much. I don't deserve it.


This lesson is on telescoping series. There are two types of series where you could actually find the sums. They are geometric series and telescoping series. Other series that we will be working on in the future will just be tested for convergence and divergence. But telescoping series and geometric series are the two that you can actually find those sums. What is a telescoping series? Well, when you have a series and you expand it out and the series collapses in the middle, which means terms are canceled out in the middle, you have a telescoping series. So what does a telescoping series look like? Well, in sigma notation, you could have something like n equals 2 to infinity of 1 over 2 times n plus 1 times n minus 1. In this case, you have a fraction. And if you look at that and try to expand it out, it will not do well, but you need to do something with it. And what we do is what we did with partial fractions, which means break it down into its a's and b's. So let's try one of these. Determine the sum of n equals 1 to infinity of 1 over n times n plus 1. So first thing we will do is break this down into its partial fractions. So we have 1 over n times n plus 1 is equal to a over n plus b over n plus 1.  Putting in a 0 for n, we get 1 equals a. Putting in a negative 1 for n, we get 1 equals negative b or b equals negative 1. Putting this back into our series notation, we get a, which is 1 over n minus b, which is negative 1 over n plus 1. And of course, we're going to sum that from n is equal to 1 to infinity. Let's expand this. We get 1 minus 1 half when we put in a 1. When we put in the 2, we will get 1 half minus 1 third. When we put in the 3, we'll get plus 1 third minus 1 fourth, and this will go on forever and ever until we get to the end when we will get 1 over n minus 1 over n plus 1. As we go towards infinity, we can think of taking the limit on this. So we get the limit as n approaches infinity of all of this and what happens? Well, because this is a telescoping series, it collapses in the middle.  When we get to infinity, we have n approaching infinity, which makes this term zero and then the next term zero. So we actually end up with the sum of 1. And remember, this is the sum of this series. Let's look at another example. Determine the sum of n equals 1 to infinity of 4 over 4n minus 3 times 4n plus 1. Again, a telescoping series and we recognize it because we can put it into those partial fractions. So let's do the same with this one as we did before. We have 4 over 4n minus 3 times 4n plus 1 equals a over 4n minus 3 plus b over 4n plus 1.   And of course, the a term cancels out. So we get negative 4b is equal to 4 or b is equal to negative 1. Substituting in 3 fourths for n, we get 4. In this one, the b will cancel out and we'll get 4 equals a times 4 times 3 fourths plus 1. So that will cancel out and we'll get 4a is equal to 4 or a is equal to 1. Putting it back into our partial fractions, we get the sum of n equals 1 to infinity of 1 over 4n minus 3 minus 1 over 4n plus 1. Expanding out, we get 1 over, when we put the n equals 1 in, we get 4 times 1 is 4 minus 3 is 1 minus. Putting 1 in there, we get 1 fifth. That's our first set of terms plus substituting a 2 in. We get 1 fifth minus 1 ninth. Continue on forever. We'll get a collapse on this one too. And our last two terms will be 1 over 4n minus 3 minus 1 over 4n plus 1. Taking the limit as n approaches infinity on this, everything collapses. The ends become zeros again and we get the royal sum of 1. Hopefully these will go easily for you. Telescoping series is a really important series, just as important as geometric series when we are talking about series in calculus. This concludes your lesson on telescoping series.


فشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف عظيمي الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وأشد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل وأشد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد نحن في المتابع المختصر في أصول العقائد الدينية رتن بايل علامة أبد الرحمن ابن ناصر السعدي رحمه الله هذا هو الشيء الثالث بإذن الله الكريم ونحن قلت في المتابع الثالث في أصول العقائد الدينية نحن في المتابع الثالث في أصول التوحيد الذي نتحدث عنه نتحدث عن أولوهية ونتحدث عن الربوبية ونحن سأذهب إلى التوحيد الأسمائي والصفات نعم ودخل في التوحيد الأسمائي والصفات إثباتوا جميعي مآاني الأسماء الحسنة لله تعالى الواردة في الكتاب والصلاح فالشيء رحمه الله رحمة الواسعة هناه يتحدث عن شيء very important which is that from the things that enter توحيد الأسمائي والصفات إثباتوا جميعي مآاني الأسماء الحسنة all of the meanings that are in Allah's name all of the meanings that are in these names we have found them so we don't just believe that Allah's names are مجرد أعلام they are just not mere names rather they are names that have meanings in it and those meanings that are in it we have found them that's what the shaykh رحمه الله here he is speaking about but when we affirm these meanings we affirm them without no kaifiyah we don't attach or stipulate a kaifiyah to it because the how of Allah is characteristic is something our knowledge hasn't reached or is something we don't know of and we leave it with Allah the kaifiyah but what we don't do is because we do not know the kaifiyah we don't distort the meaning that are in Allah's name rather we affirm those meanings that are in it so the shaykh رحمه الله he is speaking about believing in Allah's name believing in Allah's name and attributes are of three levels and these three levels are pillars they are pillars for the person who is believing in Allah's names believing in Allah's name and characteristics and they are as follows so the first one is believing in the name لأننا نعتقد أن هذا name is his and that we don't negate it the name لأن الله سبحانه وتعالى و لله الأسماء الحسنة فدعوه بها فعاليا الله تبارك و تعالى has أسماء الحسنة الله has good names سبحانه وتعالى and those good names we supplicate to him with it so we have found those names الله الأسماء الحسنة فدعوه بها و دلو الذين يلحدون في أسمائه and also there are the opposite those who actually distort and negate الله تبارك و تعالى's names so the first one is الإيمال بالإسم الإلهي you actually believe that this name is from his names and the names of الله تبارك و تعالى that which we know of are 99 but they are more than 99 because the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم in the hadith what did he say to Allah تبارك و تعالى إن السابليكيشن what was the dua he said الله ما إني أسألك بأسماء الله ما إني أسألك أو الله I ask you بكل اسم هو لك سميت به نفسك أو أنزلته في كتابه أو علمت أحد من خلقه أو استأثارت به في علم الغيب عندك so there are names from Allah there are names of Allah in which we have no knowledge of but they are kept in the unseen and that we don't know of but the ones we know of are 99 names of his سبحانه وتعالى and we affirm those 99 names and as you're all aware of the narration that mentions those 99 together is not authentic it is not authentic that says Allah's names are these 99 like that in those allah and in one narration rather that's not right but after looking at the Quran and the sunnah of course it comes to those 99 names of his سبحانه وتعالى وإيمان بصفاته the second thing the second درجة the second level or the second pillar is believing in the characteristics that this name carries so there is a characteristics in the name there's an attribute in this name you have to affirm that this characteristic that is in this name you affirm it as we said before Allah's names are أعلام باعتبار دلالتها على ده وأصاف باعتبار دلالتها على المعاني الله's names are names and they are also what? attributes and characteristics that are in it so we actually affirm those characteristics that are that are in those names that's the second pillar نعم وإيمان بأحكاني صفاته the third one is بحكم الصفة believing in the ruling that are in these characteristics and as we said as we say all the time is that the حكم صفاته is فإنه يطلق وعالم على ياني it refers to two meanings and it means two things the first one is أثارها الناشق عنها the effects that come out so what is meant by حكم صفة it means the effects that come out of this name and what does it mean that the effect that come out of this name it means that you know الله تعالى is one who has for instance let's take the name العليم the name العليم is اسمه من أسماء الله so if you look at the first pillar it's اسمه إلهي you affirm it as the name of Allah تعالى the second thing is that you affirm as a characteristic that befits His Majesty His Majesty هو تعالى and what's the characteristic that's in the name العليم صفة صفة العلم the characteristics of knowledge so you actually affirm it and the third thing is the third thing is which is حكم الصفة حكم الصفة would be what if we said it's two the first one which is أثاروه الناشع عنها that you know as an individual and that you believe as an individual that Allah سبحانه وتعالى is aware of everything which you do Allah knows everything you're doing now Allah knows everything you have done in the past Allah سبحانه وتعالى knows what you're going to do in the future Allah even knows what you haven't done if you were to do it the way the way you would have done it سبحانه وتعالى so this is what أثاروه الناشع عنها you know the effects that this name has the third the second one which is ومتعلقها ومتعلقها the relationship between the characteristics and the thing that is attached to which is the معلومات you know the relationship الله تعالى his knowledge and the relationship between the things that he knows سبحانه وتعالى which are the معلومات that's meant by the second meaning which is so those are the two meanings when we say the rulings that are in the characteristics so the sheikh here رحمه الله ورحمة واسعة what he's given is an example of what he has said the three what he's trying to do is he's trying to give an example for it for example the name of Allah which is the second pillow would be what you found these characteristics which is in it and the third one would be what the rulings that are in these characteristics and we said it's two the first one is there's a thing that we have to point out here which the sheikh رحمه الله has not spoken about and that is these three pillars are only referring to the characteristics which are what متعدية the transitive characteristics and it's not referring to the characteristics which are in transitive characteristics the characteristics that it's referring to is the characteristics which are transitive صحيح as for the characteristics which are in transitive such as these characteristics the third pillow will not be present which is the only thing you would have to come with which is the only thing you have to come with is and the second one is as for coming with then that's not in the the characteristics which are what the characteristics which are لازمة so the sheikh رحمه الله did not mention that and so we just mentioned this as an important point نعم ونظوله كل ليلة إلى سماء الدنيا على الوجه لا يقيب جلاله وعظمته الشيخ رحمه الله he's now speaking about from the things that enter into believing and affirming الله تبارك بتعالى his names and attributes he says اتباته to affirm علويه الله is above على خلقه his creation واستوائيه that he's higher على عرشه he's thrown and the evidence for that is قوله تعالى الراحمان على العرش استوى أبو عالية الله رحمه الله he said على وارتفع الإمام البخاري ونيس كتاب خلق أفعال العباد خلقوا أفعال العباد الإمام البخاري he also brings a narration from عبد الله ابن عباس that الله تبارك بتعالى is above his creation رحمه الله التعالى so the word واستوائيه على عرشه means على وارتفع and it is not the meaning of the جهمية and the شاعرة who say that the word استوى is استو لا and that is incorrect and ابن قيم رحمه الله refuted them in his كتاب الكافية الشافية في الانتصار للفرقة الناجية he says نون جهمن نون اليهود ولا مجهمن هما في وحية ربي زائدتاني the known of the Jews when الله تبارك بتعالى is said to them قولوا حطة say حطة and they said they added an extra known that's what the Jews have done and then the جهمية came and what they did was الرحمان على العرشه استوى they added an extra lamb onto it ابن القيم says هما في وحية they are both in the revelation of Allah تبارك وتعالى an additional adding meaning they are not from the revelation of Allah سبحانه وتعالى so استواء in the Arabic language is known as علو and that which is high ولي ذلك from the great noble scholars were asked أصمع رحمه الله was asked about استواء has it come in any other meaning and he رحمه الله mentions that it's only come in the meaning of علو and ارتفاع and no other meaning did the Arabs know as استواء to mean استواء ونزوله that Allah تبارك وتعالى so علو we affirm it and the علو are three types علو قهر قدرن وعلو وذاتن and whenever we find Allah تبارك وتعالى in the Quran affirming علو for himself we actually affirm all three for him ولي ذلك from the علو البدع what they want to do is that they want to affirm part of what's in the meaning of العلو one of the meanings are علو is علو قدرن علو قهرن they want to affirm that but they don't want to affirm علو علو وذاتن when reality علو وذاتن is from those things which the ayah has mentioned or has affirmed how is it that you're going to choose part of the meaning of علو and leave of the other part when the Nusus has not restricted to any of the meanings then you have to leave it unrestricted and when it's unrestricted it falls on three meanings علو قهرن وعلو قدرن وعلو وذاتن all three of them so here the sheikh رحمه الله he's trying to affirm علو وذاتن and that's the one that أهل السنة والجماعة are in discussion and debate with أهل البدع the one they don't want to affirm is that Allah He is above his creation علو وذاتن سبحانه و تعالى and as you can see the sheikh رحمه الله he says so he said الله he comes down the last third of the night and he comes down to الى سماء الدنيا and this is تابتن عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم عليه said this و لذلك الشيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله he authored a book on just this issue حديث النزول that Allah تبارك و تعالى descending سبحانه و تعالى how does Allah descend how does Allah go above his throne how is Allah above his creation all of that we say على الوجه اللائق بجلاله و عظمته and he is those characteristics in a way that befits his majesty سبحانه و تعالى so when a person affirms all of those characteristics he has to affirm it to Allah تبارك و تعالى that he befits his majesty in a way that these characteristics they are in accordance to his majesty سبحانه و تعالى and as I mentioned yesterday that the creation they themselves us as the creation your own characteristics differ from stages to stages your hand when you were young for instance is not as it was as it is right now your hand when you were young is not like it is right now so how is it that the خالق and the مخلوق their characteristics their characteristics are the same so this is affirming for Allah تبارك و تعالى نقص deficiency if you say الله تبارك و تعالى and his creation are the same in characteristics is as though you are affirming for Allah تبارك و تعالى and نقص deficiency سبحانه و تعالى و دخل في ذلك إثبات الشفات التي لا ينفكوا عنها كسمع والبصر والعلم والعلوب و نحوها و صفات فعالية وهي صفات متعلقة بمشيئته و قدرته كالكلام والخلق و الرزق و الرحمة و الاستواء على العرش و نظور إلى السماء الدنيا كما يشار الشيخ رحمه و الله سبحانه و تعالى ذلك يفوز بلايوه في الله's نames و نقص من الأشياء بلايوه في الله's نames و نقص الصفات الذاتية و الصفات الفعالية تعرف الصفات الذاتية كالشيخ رحمه و الله يشارك صفات ملازمة لذات الله تبارك و تبارك و تبارك و تعالى سبحانه و تعالى لا فلا تنفكوا فلا تنفكوا و لا فلا تنفكوا و لا فلا تنفكوا فلا تنفكوا و تبارك و تعالى سوى كالعلم والحيات الله is always one who has knowledge و الله is one who is always alive سبحانه و تعالى ابلو حاج من أعمة الماركية رحمه الله و يقوم بمتعب بما يفوز صفات الذاتية و لا شكرا و لا شكرا و لا شكرا حسن و adventure و متوالدا و مختsur و متوالدا و مختSur learnt و متوال و بالتتعف with عمل و لودul و من من عمل و then اشعر و شعر اشعر و شعر و اشعر و شعر و اشعر إنه سفة ذاتية. لا يمكنك التأكد من الله تبارك وتعالى. لذلك لا يمكنك أن تقول أن الله موت. سفات الفعليا لا يتواجد إلى الله كذلك. فهذا يتواجد إلى الله سبحانه وتعالى. الله سبحانه وتعالى. فهذا يتواجد إلى الله سبحانه وتعالى. لذلك المتعلق of both of them is different. أعرفتم؟ المتعلق of سفات ذاتية is what Allah is that. سفات فعليا قلت to الله تبارك وتعالى زمشيئة سبحانه وتعالى. فهي gave an additional doubt is that السفات فعليا يوصف الله بمقابلها. The opposite you can affirm for Allah تبارك وتعالى. For instance, سفة الراحمة which is سفة فعليا. Are you able to affirm for Allah تبارك وتعالى بمقابلها the opposite? وهو الغضب. Anga? نعم. You can. So this is لشكة ولا ريب. ضبط حسن. A good observation from ابن الحاج المالكي. رحمه الله. نعم. وأن جميعها تثبت لله من غير تمثيل ولا تعطيل. وأنها كلها قائمة بذاته. وهو موصوف بها. وأنه تعالى لم يزال ولا يزال يقول ويفعل. وأنه فعال لما يريد. The sheikh رحمه الله. What he spoke about now is الله تبارك وتعالى his characteristics are what? They are something that are present in him سبحانه وتعالى. They are present in him. Whether it be connected to his that or whether it be connected to his مشيء سبحانه وتعالى. Then he mentioned a characteristic for a صفات الفعالية to clarify it more. Which in its essence as I said to you is also a sifat that from another angle. Which is what? وأنه تعالى لم يزال ولا يزال ويقول ويفعل. وأنه فعال لما يريد. الله تبارك وتعالى is one who is most often is always always described to be one who does بالفعدي. الله تبارك وتعالى there's not a time when he doesn't do. سبحانه وتعالى. وذلك أهل السنة والجماعة there's a matter of which they speak about and that this sheikh is going to go into it which is قديم النوع حادث الأحد. قديم النوع حادث الأحد. That's very powerful for you to memorize and for you to always know. What does it mean قديم النوع حادث الأحد? قديم النوع means that this characteristic in its essence it is old. It was always present in الله تبارك وتعالى. فكون الله متصف بصفة الكلام مثلا. For example, the characteristics of speech الله تبارك وتعالى being described as one who speaks this بهذا الاعتبار this is what قديمه is old in its essence. وكون الله يتكلم كيف أشاء ما تشاء and the fact that الله تبارك وتعالى he talks when he wants to who he wants. For instance الله سبحانه وتعالى spoke to the be of Allah موسى. الله تبارك وتعالى spoke to the be of Allah محمد. And those two times are not the same time. So the scholars they say from that angle it is حادثة. It's new. So it is in its essence قديم النوع حادث الأحد. For example, a person is a writer and he knows how to write. Okay. ولله المثل الأعلى. But this is to make the matter clear for you. A person is a writer and he knows how to write. But he's not necessarily writing at that particular moment. Does that mean he's not a writer? No, it doesn't mean that. It means he's still a writer. But then when he starts writing we'll say that his writing is what? قديم النوع. Sorry. We'll say the writing for him is something that was there. Of course it's not قديم in the essence where it's unrestrictedly old. الله تبارك وتعالى his one's always been there. As for the creation there was a starting point. But this creation you would say he was a writer. And then when he writes you will say that this writing of his is something which he is doing different to the writing that he's done previously. His previous writing and the writing that he's doing now are both not the same. Then الشيغ رحمه الله went on to say it now. تكلموا بما شاء إذا شاء كيف شاء لم يزل بالكلام موصوفا وبالرحمة والإحسان معروفا. ودخل في ذلك الإيمان بأن القرآن كلام الله منزل خير مخلوق منه بداه. الشيغ رحمه الله now he's speaking about what enters into الإيمان بالأسماء والصفات we're still in الأسماء والصفات from the things that enter it is what الإيمانه to believe that the Qur'an is the speech of Allah تباركة وتعالى ملزل غير مخلوق that the Qur'an is said by him سبحانه وتعالى and that it's not created منه بداه وهذه الكلمة this word تضبط بضبطيني صحيحيني there are two ways of saying it the first one is بداه بالهمزة وهي من البداية you can actually say بداه as I have just said and it comes from the word بداية which is beginning you can also say and that is بالهمزة the second one is you can say it with an ألف بداه and this دونة همزة which is not a همزة this means من البودوي which is يعني الظهور to come apparent so there are two ways of saying it بداه بالهمزة بداه بالألف if you say with the همزة then it comes from البداية beginning and if you say with an elf then it comes يعني الظهور something to become a present نعم وإليه يعود أقول into أهل السنة والجماعة the meaning which is وإليه يعود and that the Quran will go back to الله سبحانه وتعالى there are ثلاثة أقوان three views or three speeches from أهل السنة والجماعة and أقوها the meaning that's the strongest is أنه يرفع وإلى الله that the Quran will be منصدوري والصطوري منصدوري والصطوري that it will be lifted from the chests and it would also be lifted from the scrolls and the papers that it's written on that is the strongest of the three opinions أهل السنة والجماعة hold and this is referring to في آخر الزبان the latest sages and not now and أحديث have come regarding this some scholars have actually mentioned عقاد الإجماعة that there's a consense in this issue from the scholars who've mentioned that is أضياء المقدسي ورحمة الله يزا كتاب which he called اختصاص القرآن الكريم بعوده إلى الرحمن الرحيم اختصاص القرآن الكريم بعوده إلى الرحمن الرحيم أن كتاب is مطبوع متداول the book is actually published and he speaks about speaks about this particular matter and he brings الأثار and أحديث supporting this from the people of knowledge نعم وأنه المتكلم به حقا وأن كلامه لا ينفذ ولا يبيد ولا يبيد الشيخ رحمه الله now goes on to mentioning something very important which is أنه المتكلم به حقا that Allah is the one who speaks this حقا truly why did sheikh mention that Allah is the one who speaks it يعني he means by it بحروفه ومعانيه and the meanings that are in it لأن أهل البداعي والأهواء the people of innovation and desires they affirm that the meanings is from Allah تباركة وتعالى but they don't want to affirm that the wording is from Allah سبحانه وتعالى as for أهل السنة they say المعاني the meaning والحروف and the wordings are من الله تباركة وتعالى they are from Allah تباركة وتعالى that is why the author said إنه المتكلم به حقا that Allah تباركة وتعالى is the one who truly speaks it الله is the one who truly speaks it and within the أشاعراء they differ amongst themselves if the meaning is from Allah then this wording of the Qur'an which we have who is it from so some of them they said it from Jibril even some of them said it from the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام وهذا ضلالهم and that's their misguidance and their deviation from the Haq نعم as Allah سبحانه وتعالى He says بل كدبوا بالحق لما جاءهم they when they disbelieved in the Haq when it came to them for them في أمر مريج they are upon confusion and contradiction نعم ودخل في ذلك الإيمان بأنه قريب مجيب وأنه مع ذلك علي أعلى وأنه لا منافة بين كمان علوه وكمان قربه الشيخ رحمه الله here he mentions دخل في ذلك الإيمان from the things that enter believing in Allah's names and attributes بأنه قريب that Allah is close مجيب one who accepts the supplication and the calling of his slaves وأنه مع ذلك علي أعلى with still being above his creation so he's close to his creation he accepts the supplication and the calling but even then he is above his throne وأنه منافات بين كمان علوه وكمان قربه and there is no contradictions between الله تعالى being one who is above his throne higher than his creation and also he سبحانه وتعالى being close to his creation there is no منافات there's no contradiction between the two الشيخ الإسلام ابن عباس ابن وتيمية الحرالي he mentions this in his kitab التدمورية he says الله علي في دلوه قريب في علوه that الله تعالى is close sorry علوه يون في دلوه الله is higher than his creation being close to them and قريب he is close to them في علوه in him being higher than them so he's trying to prove that and no منافات قريبه but there is something that needs to be mentioned here and it is of high importance and that is القرب الإلهي الله being close to his creation ليس متعلقه جميع القلبي ليس متعلقه جميع القلبي and that it's not connected to all the creation for fairly الله تعالى being close to the believers is of what النصر والتأييد الله تعالى is supporting the slaves and he is aiding them سبحانه وتعالى as for قرب for the disbelievers it doesn't exist الله تعالى does not give them النصر والتأييد because the meaning that says that the قرب is عامن it's جنر ليجميع المخلوقين such as العلم والتطلاع that Allah has knowledge and is observing his creation the believers and the disbelievers that that is the قرب which is عامد that meaning you won't find it in the Quran the meaning that you find in the sunnah the Quran and the sunnah is قرب خاص the specific type of of closeness and that is the one we mentioned النصر والتأييد victory and support الله تعالى mentions that in many places in the Quran as for the one that's in the قوله تعالى ونحن أقربوا إليه من حبل واليد that we are close to them that the جغل of a this قرب it's meant by جغل that are close to the individual than the جغل of a it doesn't refer to الله تعالى واتعالى نعم لأنه ليس كمثله شيء في جميع نعوته وصفاته ولا يتم ترحيد الأسماء وصفات حتى يؤمن بكل ما جاء به الكتاب وصنة من الأسماء وصفات والأفعال وأحكامها على وجه يعلم أنه كما أنه لا يماثله أحد في تاته فلا يماثله أحد في صفاته الشيء رحمه الله إن the first part وهي says ولا يتم ترحيد الأسماء وصفات حتى يؤمن حتى يؤمن بكل ما جاء به الكتاب وصنة من الأسماء وصفات والأفعال وحكامها على وجه يليق بعظمة بكل ما جاء في الكتاب وصفات اللهم أفرم for himself اي name أو a characteristic أنه أفرم that name and also أفرم that characteristics and wherever he finds in the sunnah that اللهم negates from him a characteristic that will negate that characteristics from him سبحانه وتعالى the same is anything we find that the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام أفرم for Allah سبحانه وتعالى and then الله سبحانه وتعالى his names and attributes affirming it and negating it are taken from the الكتاب and the sunnah and the way we affirm those characteristics and the way we affirm those names is على وجه يليق بعظمة الباري in a way that if it's الله تبارك وتعالى his majesty سبحانه وتعالى and he also says when there is no one like Allah in his essence then there is no one like Allah تبارك وتعالى in his characteristics لأن the characteristics can only be resembled to the characteristics of the creation if the that of the creation is like the that of Allah وتعالى and the that of Allah is not like the that of the creation the same is the characteristics is not the same as the characteristics of the creation نعم ومن ضنة لأن في بعض العقليات ما يجب تأوين بعض السفات على غلم علىها المعروف فقد ضل ملان مبينة الشيخ رحمه الله he mentions here anyone who assumes to himself في بعض العقليات ما يجب تأويل as you find some people what they do is they come over a characteristics and they distort the meaning that is in his characteristics they negate it thinking that they are purifying and exalting الله تبارك وتعالى and so what they do is they run to distortion as a result and the reason why they think to them that is the case is because it logically and rationally goes against a mind the sheikh says anyone who does that فقد ضل ضل المبينة then that person has become misguided a clear clear cut misguidance why لأن العقل الصحيح because the correct straight rational mind the pure clean rational mind لا يخالف النقل الصريح does not oppose that does not oppose the correct and direct text the عقل which is الصحيح the correct the healthy rational mind that's healthy is that which is far from desires and that which is far from doubts و لذلك أهل العلم the people of knowledge they say إن الأنبياء and the prophets لا يأتون بمحالات العقول و إنما يأتون بمحارات العقول that the prophets do not come with things that are rationally impossible rather what they come with is that which is rationally amazing fascinating so prophets don't come with لا يأتون بمحالات العقول و إنما يأتون بمحارات العقول the things which we find that the prophets come with is ما يحير العقولة that which confuses the mind in amazement and shock but not that which is rationally impossible and if a person finds that something is rationally impossible then it's either one of two either his عقل is not صحيح and he is affected in one way or another or the text that you are actually looking at is not authentic from the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام so it is impossible that an عقل صحيح opposes a نقل صريح و لذلك الشيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله he wrote a book which he called it درء تعارض العقل والنقل رحمه الله in which he refuted فخر الدير الرازي رحمه الله and he refuted him when he tried to come with the concept of dealing with how the Quran and the rational mind should deal with one another الشيخ الإسلام رحمه الله و لا شك ولا ريم أسكتهم it silenced them and it shocked them رحمه الله و سعا نعم ولا يتم توحيد الربوبية حتى يعتقد العبد أن أفعال العباد مخلوقة لله الشيخ رحمه الله he now now moves on to a topic which is very well known as بمسألة أفعال العباد This chapter or this point is known in تبتا or this point is known as the actions of the creation and this topic is very large in its quantity أهل السنة والجماعة have actually written books on it from the most famous book is the book written by الامام البخاري ورحمه الله he wrote the book خلق أفعال العباد الامام البخاري ورحمه الله but the خلاصة the conclusion in which أهل السنة والجماعة is that إن العبده the creation he's مشيئة and he's إراده his will is تابعا لمشيئة الله it is in accordance to the مشيئة the will of الله سبحانه وتعالى وقدرتي واختياري is in accordance to الله تبارك وتعالى will الله تبارك وتعالى is ability and الله تبارك وتعالى is choice سؤال السنة والجماعة they do not say إن العبد مجبور على فعليه that the creation is forced in his actions and that he has no choice and that he's a leaf on a windy day they don't believe that بال rather what they believe is he has a free will and he has a choice that choice and that free will of his is in accordance to the choice and the the will of الله سبحانه وتعالى لاستخلاص السمري of وأهل السنة والجماعة سي نعم وان مشيئة هم تابعة لمشيئة الله وان لهم أفعالا وإرادة تقع بها أفعالهم وهي متعلق لأمر والنهي وانه لا يتنافى الأمراض إثبات مشيئة الله العامات الشاملة للظوات والأفعال والصفات وإثبات قدرة العبد على الأفعاله وأخواله those two they do not contradict one another what doesn't contradict one another that الله تبارك وتعالى is قدرة and الله تبارك وتعالى is اختيان المشيئة and the fact that the creation has a machine and an irada they don't contradict each other الشيخ رحمه الله he now speaks about توحيد العبادة what is known also as توحيد العلوهية that the slave his توحيد العلوهية will not be complete حتى يخلص العبد لله تعالى until he comes purely that he comes purely all his will إرادات and his أقوال and his أفعال his will his speech and his actions all of them he purely does it for الله سبحانه وتعالى و لذلك العلام ابن القيب رحمه الله سيس إخلاصنا لله صف القلب من إرادة سواه فحذر فحذر يا فطن حقيقة the reality of and is mentioned in the line of poetry which is تصفية القلب to purify your heart من إرادة غير الله wanting something from other than الله تبارك وتعالى you're not doing this for anyone else you truly and you're utterly doing it for الله سبحانه وتعالى alone سبحانه وتعالى نعم و حتى يدع الشيخ رحمه الله سبحانه وتعالى you're not alone سبحانه وتعالى نعم و حتى يدع الشيخ الأكبر والمنافل التوحيد كل المنافذ وهو أن يصرف نوعا من أنواع العبادة لغير الله تعالى و كمال ذلك أن يدع الشيخ و كمال ذلك أن يدع الشيخ الأصغر وهو كل وسيلة قريبة يتوصل بها إلى الشيخ الأكبر كالحل في بغير الله كالحال في كالحالي في كالحال في بغير الله و يسير ريائي و نحو ذلك الشيخ رحمه الله now went towards the direction and speaking about that which a person needs to stay away from once he comes with التوحيد الألوهية if you come with توحيد الألوهية there is something that can nullify your توحيد الألوهية and that is البراعة من الشيخ الأكبر والشيخ الأصغر the shirk الأكبر what it does is يناقظ التوحيد it will nullify your توحيد as for the shirk الأصغر ينقص التوحيد it places deficiency in your توحيد it reduces it so شير كل أكبر يتطرق إلى أصل التوحيد شير كل أصغر شير كل أكبر what it goes towards is أصل التوحيد the fundamental and foundation of your توحيد so when a person comes with شير كل أكبر then what happens is يزول التوحيده بالكلية these توحيد will remove and it will go fully but if a person comes with شير كل أصغر then the كماله الواجب will go but that means the person is a مؤمن ناقص الإيمان he's a believer and his Eman is naqas this تقسيم of a shirk because يقصم الشير كل اعتبارات شير can be divided from many different angles and this is just one angle of this تقسيم which is شير كل أكبر and شير كل أصغر this مقالة this belief of شير كل أكبر and شير كل أصغر is not a مقالة وهابية and some people think that محمد عبد الوهاب رحمه الله was the first one to come with it and his students and his grandchildren and that's not the case but rather this is present and it's found in the statement of the Sahabas فقد روا الحاكم في مستدركه الإمام حاكم narrating in his مستدرك بسند صحيح and authentic chain of narration from الشداد إبن أوسن رضي الله تعالى عنه which he said كنا لعد الرياء على أهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من الشرك الأصغر that we used to at the time of the messenger we used to categorize and consider that showing off as to be from الشرك الأصغر not to be from شرك الأكبر so the Sahabas رضي الله تعالى عنهم they knew this categorization that the shirk is of types شرك الأكبر and شرك الأصغر and that this is not something that was recently introduced either by محمد عبد الوهاب or شيخ الإسلام إبنو تايمية رحمه الله that's not the case but then when ignorance became present in the people and the knowledge of the has become little then the people started to come with this thought and believe that it is something that شيخ الإسلام إبنو تايمية رحمه الله came with rather if you look at the books of the أعمة العلم such as أبي يوسف القاذي who is أحد أصحابي أبي حليفة رحمه الله you find that statement of his also show that أبو قاسم هيمة الله الليلة كائيو mentions it in his كتاب شرحه السلوح اعتقادي عن السنة والجماعة so the shirk is categorized into those two categorization الشرك الأكبر and the shirk الأصغر نعم والناس في الترحيد على درجات متفاوطة بحسب ما قوم به من معرفة الله والقيام بعبودية فأكملوهم في هذا الباب so the shirk رحمه الله after having after speaking about a shirk after mentioning what shirk is and giving it an explanation the shirk رحمه الله what he did was when he defined شرك الأصغر what did he say هو كل وسيلة قريبة يتوصل بها إلى الشرك الأكبر it is every means that will reach you and get you closer to the shirk الأكبر that babid and that definition from the shirk is not جامع it's not very comprehensive the best definition is الشرك الأكبر هو جعل شيء من حق الله لغيه من ما يتعلق بأصل الإيمان the shirk الأكبر is when you give a rights from the rights of Allah سبحانه وتعالى to other than him that which would affect أصل الإيمان whereas شرك الأصغر is when you give a rights from the rights of Allah to somebody else من ما يتعلق بكمال الإيمان but it's connected to the person's complete Iman not the أصل of the person's الإيمان where you would find if you look at for example the book تيسير العزيز الحميد which is the first explanation that was ever placed on the كتاب كتاب التوعيد للشيخ الإسلام محمد ابن عبد الوهاب رحمه الله سلامان ابن سلامان ابن عبد الله ابن محمد ابن عبد الوهاب رحمه الله he didn't finish this book تيسير العزيز الحميد and if he was to finish it it would have been best and it would have been the best book written and explained in كتاب التوعيد but his cousin عبد الرحمان ابن حسن ابن محمد ابن عبد الوهاب he came and he summarized the book تيسير العزيز الحميد and he called it فتح المجيد فتح المجيد and so فتح المجيد is complete so that's why the scholars they give it preference preference over تيسير العزيز الحميد if you read that book تيسير العزيز الحميد you will find that and also if you look at the كتاب الجواب الكافي which is also known as الداء والدواء and the book مدارج السالكين written by العلامة عبد الله ابن القيم الجوزية رحمه الله what they said was that رحمه الله they made الرياء showing off as to be also شركل أكبر but the reason why they made الرياء showing off as to be شركل أكبر is because they looked at the person who is coming with it if a منافق comes with الرياء then of course he is a kafir for it and it just increases in his kufr because Allah سبحانه وتعالى He says ولا يأتون الصلاة إلا وهم كسالة they do not come to the prayer except that they are lazy and they do not stand for الله تبارك وتعالى إلا except little so this is what عبد الرحمن السلام عليكم عبد الله ابن القيم meant by that showing off is considered as to be شركل أكبر but if they meant by it بالنرضة الى فعيله when you look at the person who is doing it not looking at the riyat itself but the riyat itself is شركل أصغر as ألمامو حاكم mentions in his مستدرك from شداد ابن أوسر رضي الله تعالى عنه then the sheikh he mentions that الناس في التوحيد that the people are in توحيد على درجات متفاوتة they are of different levels بحسب ما قاموا به من معرفة الله pay attention to this the people's toheed are of different levels and why is that why are the people's toheed of different levels بحسب ما قاموا the reason is because من معرفة الله knowing Allah تبارك وتعالى that which has been in their heart knowing Allah و القيام بعبودية so when a person learns الله تبارك وتعالى and he comes to understand الله تبارك وتعالى then he's understanding الله تبارك وتعالى increases and he's عبودية servitude increases و لذلك ابن القيام mentions هربوا من الرق الذي خلقوا له فبلوا برق النفسي والشيطاني هربوا من الرق الذي خلقوا له فبلوا برق النفسي والشيطاني they ran away from the servitude in which they were created and they ran to a servitude for their own for their own نفس الشيطان and those are the people who's understanding معرفة الله the knowledge of Allah and knowing who he is سبحانه وتعالى it decreased and the reality of knowing الله تبارك وتعالى is what increases in الإقبال turning towards الله تبارك وتعالى والميلوا إليه and to divert to him سبحانه وتعالى the more your knowledge increases إن شاء الله the more your إقبال القلب your heart turning to الله تبارك وتعالى increases and the more you face towards him سبحانه وتعالى and then when the person's knowledge of Allah decreases then what happens is the iqbal of الله تبارك وتعالى and the mail to Allah وتعالى also reduces نعم من عرف من تفاصيل أسماء الله وصفاته وأفعاله وآلائه ومعانيه ثابته في الكتاب وصنا وفهمها فهم من صحيحة فمتلأ قلبه قلبه من معرفة الله وتعظنه وإجلاله ومحبته والإنابة وانجذاب جميع دواع القلبه إلى الله تعالى متوجه إليه وحده لا شريك له ووقعد جميع حركاته وسكناته في كمال إيمان وإخراص التان الذي لا يشوبه شيء من الأظراض الفاصدة فتما أن إلى الله تعالى معرفة وإنابة وفعل وطرق وتكميل لنفسه وتكميل لخيره بالدعوة إلى هذا الأصل العظيم فنسأر الله من فضله وكلمه أن يتفضل علينا بذلك فالشيخ رحمه الله يتكلم الشخص الذي يتكلم الإيمان فأكمل في هذا البابي من who has the completeness of of عمودية is من عرفة من تفاصيل أسماء الله وصفاته وأفعاله وألائي ومعانيها الثابتة في الكتاب والسنة it is the person who has knowledge of the details of الله تبارك ويتعاله his attributes and Allah's blessings ومعانيها الثابتة and the meanings that are present in الله تبارك ويتعاله his names في الكتاب والسنة وفهمها فهم صحيحا and the person understands it a correct understanding فمتلأ قلبه من معرفة الله then what will happen what will happen فمتلأ قلبه يهات will be complete وتعبيمي you go to honor رلى اللهتة بارك ويتعاله واجلاله ومحبة you go to love him سبحانه وتعاله as he desires to be loved والإنابات إلى إيه then you always go to turn and run to him سبحانه وتعاله until the author said فطم أن إلا الله معرفة وإنابة he becomes tranquility he finds in himself and he turns towards سبحانه وتعاله وفعل وتركة everything which he does is in accordance مرحبا أنه يتبع منه هو أن الله تبارك وتعالى يخبره أنه يتبع منه وتكميلا لنفسي وتكميلا لغيره بالدعوة إلى هذا الأصل العظيم أنه يكومي not only himself but he also completes those people around him by making sure that he establishes this benefit and this knowledge in which he has come to know to the people so this is a person who Allah had wanted good for them so the شيخ رحم الله concluded this usal by saying فنسأل الله and we ask Allah فقدم المفعول على الفعلي وما قدما حقه أن يؤخر anything that is put forward when it deserves to be delayed you feed all hasra it shows exclusivity so the شيخ is trying to say that I do not ask or we do not ask from anybody other than الله تبارك وتعالى من فضله from his virtue وكرامه الله تبارك وتعالى سكرم أن يتفضل علينا بذلك وشيخ رحم الله يقولTime is fixed فنسأل الله وقد بعد any spot that he has put forward but if he had placed it forward it would have been better if he wanted to say فللله نسأل فهو الله يسأل أنه يجب أن يكون أقرر but it is no doubt فإنه من ومن الشيطار والله ورسوله بريآن منه سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفروا كا وأتوبوا إليه