What's going on everyone Sam here and we're ripping 21 22 pretty chronicles basketball hobby six box half case break number 28 random team style Here's a look at your results. Sorry. I was looking at the Astros game As always you can find these under the results tab in the website as well as the Lincoln chat. Here we go guys This would be big right here if the Mariners take a walk off like hit a walk off here This is big for the momentum of this series kind of I mean they're out if they lose so This is the same as the Guardians and God I'm so boring Like 18 innings Basically, I've got Tatum Herbert Jones. There's a Cade rookie Another Cade rookie this time 78 out of 99. There's a Yanis. We've got Monte Morris 84 out of 99 the airborne signatures There you go Denver Nice hit there for you Denver Kessler Edwards and a Josh. Yeah got football coming up next guys Then we got some Shengun there is a down O'Benton 7 out of 49 going to the Raptors Subonus update kiss for Moses moody Jalen Green rookie Mingo rookie and we got a Corey kiss for 75 years 80 or 13 out of 75 But we got some Diamond breaks at the end think we had some extra cards in that one. So I think we're gonna have less cards in here Lamello Usman Garuba, there's an Evan Mobley nice one cabs. That is a 90 out of 99 Corey Kispert and Jalen Green silver rookie Oh, yeah, Stephen. I was a crazy game. We had we had it on the entire time and Just look up and geez man at home for Tennessee to unbelievable Mitchell moody bones. Highland. They run sharp. There's a train man We got Austin Reeves going to Lakers hometown heroes. That's six out of 149. There you go Lakers I owe to soon move and a red train man 111 out of 149 going to the Thunder So, alright, so this brings up the question does Tennessee now jump Alabama in the rankings? I mean Alabama's that was three. Yeah, they're there were six. Yeah Maybe they go to four I'll be in at five that could be that could happen honestly Chris Dworkin That is day around our camp Thomas 52 out of 149 Shengyun James Hardin on the orange that is 13 out of 75 optic update Jerry and Katie Most I'm gonna say to but what happens if the it's number four and number five both win Then what do you do? So and Thomas you'll catch Herbert Jones. That's Iowa to soon move timeless treasures 32 out of 99 Jericho Sims LeBron red Phoenix Six Wow Jersey numbered six out of 149. There you go Lakers Matt and congrats man Devin Booker and Chris Dworkin. I would imagine Or we're going to three five we go to four and then Tennessee Tennessee, okay. Yeah, that makes sense True true that Matt that's solid dude for a Laker spot, that's awesome and you got the Austin reams auto Nice man. You're doing well with that Laker spot. They've got some nice bet autos in here, too We pull a Hall of Fame auto. I think like like a guy like magic might be in here. So let's get one of those for you There's a giddy Jalen Green That's Luca 58 out of 99 book night. There is Sam Houser Wow one of one Sam Houser rookie auto for the Celtics Fane see congrats fang Nice one there. That is sweet one of one very nice Herbert Jones and Joshua Primo wonder if that is the first Sam Houser auto to be mad There's a very good chance. That's pretty cool, man My third one of one I pulled out of Chronicles now Randall book night. That is Trey Murphy 22 out of 249 IO de Sunmu Joshua Primo Corey Kisper and Aaron Wiggins Maybe you should only That's what I'm saying. It's just tap me in for Chronicles. That's it. I say it's odd Scotty Barnes rookie Chudge over nine. She's man Franz Wagner. There's a crusade silver Trey Murphy Steph Curry and blue Ant-Man 60 out of 99 Yeah, he kind of stinks in the playoffs right now.  You did great in the regular season.  There's a filler for Don. Whoo, Kate Cunningham Franz Wagner Josh Giddy and a red Ant-Man this time 140 out of 149 Timberwolves back-to-back Ant-Man number guard We've got Shen goon, there's a Cade rookie Got a Donovan Mitchell. That is timeless treasures Jalen Green 106 out of 149 for the Rockets Scotty Barnes rookie Raptors. That is a blue Chris Duarte 48 out of 99 That's a Jeremiah Robinson Earl and coming up Jason Tatum Herbert Jones Jalen saw there's an Evan Mobley rookie. We've got Kate Cunningham on the honors. We've got nice Franz Wagner 68 out of 99 Congrats Orlando J. J There it is, buddy. Nice Franz. Heck. Yeah, dude.  Hey, is that you J? Let's go J.  There's a Franz again James Hardin Herbert Jones 96 out of 149. There's a Cade rookie base. That is Gabe Vincent on the rookies and stars airborne auto going to the heat nice combo hit there Hyunmin why Got a LeBron there and a another Franz Wagner Zion RJ jaw. There's a Josh giddy 119 out of 149 timeless treasures Evan Mowley base rookie Evan Mowley base rookie Luca and Aaron Wiggins.  I would think either a hundred or 130 Stefan would be my guess Base yeah, I don't we don't like unless it's a one-on-one. We generally won't mag base I would say based on 149 silver job. There's another Cade and a giddy one out of 149 I would say based on top loading. You're probably gonna 120 or 120 130. Yeah, that makes sense. That's what I would guess Yeah Name is Kate duck and Thomas Jaden Springer a trend in Watford. There's a Scotty Barnes. We've got another Austin Reeves There you go Matt 67 out of 75 nice To Austin Reeves autos for you, buddy Lamello and a Quentin Grimes 49 out of 75 75 years Reeves Murray Bones that is another Josh giddy timeless treasures 128 out of 249 Siree Saliburton There's an orange Jalen Suggs 36 out of 75. There you go again Jay Moses moody and Brandon Boston, Jr Last pack of this box. Let's see guys. We got a Evan Mobley Kessler Edwards Herb Jones, there's a want to scone Anderson 37 out of 99 we've got a filler for Don Jalen Suggs, Ricky Corey Kispert read for the Wizards 120 out of 149 Tray man and down a bin. We got a ramp of energy for the pillar Oh, yeah Those are those are big-time things right there Plus we've got elite coming up in two breaks those got fillers in it, too. Oh jeez.  That's Tray man on the blue Phoenix 23 out of 99 Tatum and Suggs Jalen Suggs, there's a Kade rookie base We've got quit and grinds for the mix that is 64 out of 99 filler for Don. Yeah, Jericho Sims Red color match IO to soon move 99 out of 149 for the bulls another Kade Marquis Brandon Boston, Jr Hey, it takes some talent to throw a daredevil reference into a car break Kaminga Halliburton Watford Kai Jones the 75 on the 75th anniversary Corey Kispert that's Desmond Bain 87 out of 99 on the airborne signatures. There you go gris James a with Memphis Franz Wagner and Tray man. Honestly, if you want to get fillers Jay, that's the way to go right there That is the way to go your car. Give your kids a car. Oh, Tyler I assume move 134 out of 149. Honestly, Scotty Barnes, Zyra Williams, Brandon Boston, Jr. Be honest, I mean, I guess if they're like not old enough to like appreciate it or like not damaged cars It's like fillers not a bad idea There you go, exactly Herbert Jones John Morant Don's out here living in 2030. Corey Kispert got Cam Johnson another Combo hit right there for the Suns 22 out of 49 That is Ryan B. Franz Wagner and Devin Booker. Wow 11 out of 99 good Suns back there Manga, Jerry, Deyron Sharp, Deontay Murray 43 out of 149 This Duarte honors, Silver, Crusade, Corey Kispert, Giannis, and Kate They'll do it for box four. We're on to box five. Mariners got through it. Ah, dude Do this game be over with so we can watch the Yankees, please And the Mariners just walk it off because the Astros have to play another game Do we hate the Astros? We do. Game's hard in Quentin Grimes, Brandon Boston Jr. for the Clippers 38 out of 149 Luca He on Johnson, I am to soon move and trim it. Do you know what happened with the cheating scandal with them? So basically in 2017 Oh, explain it. I think I know Halliburton yurt seven. That's Kevin Durant 70 out of 99 Josh giddy honors. We've got Terrence Mann airborne sir crusade apprentice autograph going to the Clippers so basically they Cam Thomas and Quentin Grimes Basically what happened is they had a Machine in the outfield that was tipped like can would analyze the signs that the pitchers that the catcher was giving to the pitcher so they could like And Travis like no, so they can know what pitch was coming and then they would like bang on trash And then the dugout to simps like symbolize what pitch was coming to the batter Luca Dwayne Washington Moses moody. There's a filler for Don Taminga Trey Murphy Evan Mobley, and we got a purple Yanis 43 out of 49 bucks There was like a whole conspiracy that when Jose Altuve had a walk-off home run against the Yankees to go into the World Series That he was like you could see him You're at seven commingo rookie Silver Zire Williams LeBron and red Scotty Barnes 98 out of 149 you could see him like mouthing the words like don't take my shirt off So when he hit the home run and came around they're like celebrating at the plate Because there's like a conspiracy theory that he wore a buzzer on they all were buzzers under their jerseys So when they saw the sign it'd be like two buzzes for a fastball one buzz for a Perv ball. Yeah, it seems like it'd be Wade to Zire Williams Josh Christopher 94 out of 99 Davion Mitchell That is 76 out of 149 Kings bones Highland and Cam Thomas Yeah, so there was like a huge Why would you take your shirt off?  I have to soon move Moses moody. There's another LeBron.  Good luck everyone. Let's see here Oh You're good. No, you're good. It's only got one spot left. We got plenty of time. Don't worry about it You're not so funny still got one to go guys on I'm at collegiate breaking a little bit later on today Random division style $312 gets you a random NFL division for a full five box case of I'm at I'm at collegiate So it's a good little change of pace Since we've been so open and so much NT some of those patch cards in there are are wild. There's a Franz Wagner There's a Keon Johnson to 149 for the Blazers a filler for Don Jalen Green bones Highland red that is 15 out of 149 Aaron Wiggins and Steph Cal probably walk up. You think Abby could make a compilation of me just moving every Awesome Scotty Barnes Tray young Keon Johnson Tray man that is 8 out of 249 going to the Thunder Luca honors Davion Mitchell Jeremiah Robinson Earl Jonathan coming Yep, there you go what a trademark big time trademark There's a Suggs rookie Tray man Chris Duarte, that's Alvin Shengun Davion Mitchell Phoenix. That is James Harden blue 68 out of 99 in the optic update Ja and Steph Curry There was that kid caught buzzing Julius Randall bones Highland that's Tray young 75 years one out of 75 Brandon Williams Jericho Sims Silver prism update Herbert Jones and Joshua Primo Bold prediction for Cal Raleigh walk-off. I'm all in on Cal Raleigh walk-off. Well big dumper It was my Garuba Omar you're at 7 the foot just to say to that is to 75 or to 49 Sorry about that playbook heat bones Highland. I got one Toscano Anderson 111 out of 149 on the National Pride Auto Mexico nice one there warriors Davion Mitchell and Tray young just gonna say I have the Mariners Celebrating as the thumbnail right now. So if I I might predict this But I also or I don't because I price young and So maybe I didn't predict anything Josh kitty. Oh my god, Herbert Jones Jalen Suggs as a Franz Wagner got a redemption guys Corey Kisper and a red Yanis 50 out of 149. What do we what are we thinking here? Who's gonna be the redemption? Airborne signature silver. So this will probably be a vet Spencer din Whitty going to the Mavs Congrats Mavs. Let me just double-check that. I'm pretty sure it's the Mavs This is this is a Accounts for all of the trades that were made so I'm pretty sure he's Mavs But I'll double-check just to be sure here Is mad yeah Mavs in the airborn that'll go Mavericks congrats again Mavs. All right guys, I'll do it for the break Let's do a quick recap here Got our autos Juan Doscano Anderson going to the Warriors Jalen Suggs magic that Spencer din Whitty for the Mavericks Terence man going to the flippers Cam Johnson sons Desmond being Grizzlies Austin Reeves Lakers Gabe Vincent heat Austin Reeves Lakers Monte Morris Nuggets and our two magcars. We had a Franz Wagner 66 out of 99 going to the Magic nice one there Jay and a one-of-one Sam Houser rookie auto for the Celtics That'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up. We've got football


Warning! This video will contain spoilers after chapter 1040. You've been warned! Hello Manakumatachi, this is Joygirl and we're going to speculate on the new mystery that's been raised as a result of the recent reveal in the latest chapter. So Momonosuke dropped a massive bomb that Zunisha was Joyboy's companion or the word used in Japanese, Nakama. So that heavily suggests that Joyboy and Zunisha were part of the same crew and of course that resulted in a heckload of speculations and because like the most of you, I'm a crazy fan and a large portion of my brain is constantly thinking about One Piece. I spent most of my weekend reading your comments, scouring online and amalgamated these alongside my own thoughts and speculations and here's what I've come up with. So one thing that I think gets really strengthened as a result of this revelation is the idea that Joyboy was a giant. Given Zunisha's massive size, maybe it was a crew of giants and of course this idea would work quite nicely with a few other pieces of supporting evidence, potentially supporting evidence if you will. The most obvious being the massive hat at Marijoua, with the straw hat being an iconic artifact in the series and the fact that it's been worn by so many important individuals, it is widely believed that that hat we saw at Marijoua belonged to Joyboy. We also have the existence of a giant ship, the Noa, so then if we consider that Joyboy was a giant with a giant crew, start wondering was Noa Joyboy ship? And regardless of whether that's true or not, there is obviously a huge connection here between Noa and the huge revelation that we got in this latest chapter. For one, the Fishman Island arc where we saw Noa is actually also the first time that we heard of Joyboy and of course there's also the promise that we know Joyboy made to Poseidon as well as to the inhabitants of Fishman Island. So with all of these combined, a popular idea that I see coming up a lot is the idea that Joyboy was a giant, or like the idea that I've talked about before and you can watch that video if you haven't already, Joyboy may have at least had the Gomu Gomu No Mi, meaning that he had the ability to blow himself up so that he could become a giant size. And I do talk about all of this deep eye in that video, but if Joyboy was the original holder of the Gomu Gomu No Mi, it makes sense why it was such a prize, such an important devil fruit that the world government wanted to get their hands on it. Anyways, whilst we're also on the topic of giants, another idea that I've seen coming up is that I've seen some people say that the skull on Onigashima is actually Joyboy's skull. But I think in that case we would have to point out that the sizes don't match. I mean, yes, the hat that we saw being preserved that Majua was huge, but I don't think it's quite as big to fit the massive skull that we have at Onigashima. And in saying that Oda can also be inconsistent in how he draws the sizes of different things, so I suppose it is difficult to conclusively say that the hat is too small to fit that skull, or you could even get crazier and bring science into it and say that as the hat was being preserved in ice it seems like as it was being frozen, it shrunk, because that's what happens, right? But anyways, forgetting all of that and thinking about Onigashima in that case, it does bring us to the topic of Wano and how the island is at the center of all of this, how it's involved. Because it does seem like Wano is definitely like a key to everything going on here. And I think this became only clearer after the dialogue, the inner monologue that we saw in chapter 1040. Big Mum questioning Roger and the One Piece, which is known to the rest of the world as treasure, but we know to be deeper than that and how it holds answers to the world's greatest secrets. So then Big Mum thinking about this in the same chapter that we get a huge reveal about Joy Boy. I don't think we ever needed such a clear indication, but to answer Big Mum's question, I think we can safely say that yes, Wano is at the center of all of this. It holds a lot of the secrets, even if it doesn't necessarily hold the treasure going by the vis translation. So just to piece these all together and think about how Wano is so central to all of this, because there's a fact that Wano is home to the Ponyglyphs as it was the Kozuki clan that created it. Odin suggested that the reason why Wano's borders were closed is directly linked to what happened during the Void century. Even Kaido, one of the handful of characters who has mentioned Joy Boy, has also suggested that there's a special reason why he's chosen Wano as his home base, and now of course there's the appearance of Zunisha, Joy Boy's former companion, now the one transporting Zo, and we obviously also know that Zo and Wano have had a long held alliance with each other. And I think there is a way where this could all come together. A really popular theory that's been around for quite a while is the idea that Wano is made up of different islands. That's why each region has its own season, and we also have an in-series explanation how this could all be possible through the existence of Ores, literally known as the Continent Puller. So then considering this theory, and then also starting to bring in Zunisha's crime and the promise made to Fishman Island, I think we could take this idea further. Let's start with Zunisha, seeing as that's the hot topic that's been brought about by the latest chapter. First of all, we know that Zunisha isn't just walking around aimlessly. Miyagi asks, what have you been walking towards? And because of the way that dialogue's been worded, I tended to associate that with the idea that Zunisha's been walking towards a particular destination. But perhaps rather than looking at it from that lens, we should be thinking about it more around the idea that Zunisha has been walking for a particular purpose rather than to a specific location. And the reason why I say this is because what if the original plan for Zunisha was also to transport Zou to Wano? It could have been intended for Zou to make up a part of Wano, but Zunisha just simply didn't get there in time. We know that Zou and Wano have been allies for an extremely long time, and one piece of evidence for this is the Kazuki Crest which was found at Zou, and something that's always struck me about that crest is the eight circles, those eight dots, which has always been a source of curiosity for me, and I'm sure for a lot of you as well. And now this is an idea that I've held for a while, but I've long thought that those eight dots, those eight circles could be representative of the eight countries, the eight islands which defied the 20 kingdoms, which defied the world government, and allied with the Great Kingdom, the ancient kingdom. And the reason why I thought this is because of a potential real life, real world parallel. As we know, Oda likes to draw on things, draw on inspiration from real life, from history, and it just so happens that the Philippines flag has a sun with eight rays surrounding it. And those eight rays each represent a province of the Philippines who were majorly involved in a revolution, in a revolt against Spanish colonization. And I don't know, I think that sounds pretty fitting to what we could have here. When we look at how we could apply it to one piece, how we could apply it to the crest of the Kazuki clan, those eight circles, those eight dots could each represent a region of Wano. But of course, as it stands, Wano is currently made up of only six regions. Now I actually found someone who had a pretty similar idea, but they also counted Onigashima as also a region therefore counting seven, and therefore Zo could make up that final eighth circle that eighth dot. But me, I think I'm just gonna actually stick with the six regions of mainland Wano for now, because my idea is that Zo could make up number seven, and Fishman Island could make up number eight. If the crime that Zunisha committed was failing to transport Zo to Wano in time, maybe the promise that Joy Boy failed to keep with Poseidon was failing to bring them above water so that Fishman Island could join Wano. And if you think about it, this could go deeper than that. Zo is an island populated by minks and Fishman Island, as the name suggests, populated by Fishman and also Murfolk. Maybe Wano was supposed to be sort of a safe haven for all of the racers who were being discriminated against and who were being viewed as threats by the rest of the world or by the world government, the 20 kingdoms as it was still back then. The One Piece world is made up of so many interesting and diverse species, many of which have special powers and abilities that often makes them targets and also potentially considered threats, with being special racers like dwarves, like the mermaids, being considered rare and therefore making them slaves, as well as the huge fascination that the world government seems to have with giants and possibly even the Lunarians before that based on what we saw from Kingsback Story. And you could also speculate about other species like the three-eyed tribe for example. But anyways, if this is true, if Wano was supposed to be a place where all of these racers could live in peace, live in harmony, it could also have a pretty huge thematic significance in the sense that a key idea, a key message that we've seen throughout the Wano arc is that you shouldn't be afraid of those who are different to you. It's a key lesson that we've seen the Wano citizens have to learn with how they treated the minks, how they treated Kawamatsu, and it could really come full circle if we actually find out that its whole purpose from the beginning was actually to accommodate for all of these special racers. Now this does obviously bring up a question, a hole in this idea as to why none of these special racers can be seen at Wano then, because Wano is a pretty homogenized country. And the easiest counter that I would have to offer is maybe because, because they failed in bringing all those lands together, perhaps the plan was actually to transport the people afterwards and because they actually weren't able to complete Wano in time and therefore none of the racers actually made it to Wano. And if this is true or something like that, maybe the fact that Zunisha failed to bring Zou to Wano in time, maybe that's why the order was given to Zunisha to keep on walking because if the minks couldn't be safe at Wano, they needed to ensure that they would remain safe and wouldn't be found and could remain hidden by Zunisha continuing to walk, meaning that no one would ever actually be able to find them. And this could also fit with what we know of Noa and its purpose. Now granted we don't know much, it's said that its actual purpose will be fulfilled once it reaches above water, but what we do get hinted in this series is that the original purpose, the original plan of the Fishman Island ancestors was to join the rest of the world above water. And this is actually something that I had actually forgotten about, but whilst I was doing the research for this discussion, during the flashback for Otohime, we see Neptune talking to his minister, the minister of the left. And the minister is worried about the reckless actions of Otohime, of the Queen. And Neptune says that Otohime's goal is actually precisely the one that their forebearers were trying to achieve hundreds of years ago. And as Neptune is saying this, Ota actually draws in that panel, he draws the Noa, suggesting that that was the original plan for Noa made centuries ago. And this theory of Wano being a safe haven for all of these species could also make sense when we look at the biblical reference behind Noa. Noa was warned by God about a great flood that was going to wipe out the earth, all of its creatures, all of its humans. So Noa builds a great ark where alongside his family, he also brings on board with him one male and one female of each species of animal. And this was so that even after the Great Cleansing they could still repopulate the earth. So then applied to one piece, in a similar sense, maybe Wano was supposed to save all of the world's creatures, all of the different races, including the mohawk, including the fishmen, the minks, the giants, what have you. Now this would then suggest that Zunisha was actually sentenced by the good guys, by Joyboy himself possibly. And supporting this idea could be the dialogue when we actually found out about Zunisha's crime, because the words that were used was that Zunisha was ordered, not necessarily punished or sentenced, but he was following orders. But then again the word crime was also used. And so it just seems a little strange thinking that the failure to bring Zou to Wano would be considered a crime and not just an unfortunate mistake or unfortunate event. Unless of course the story gets spicier and we find out that Zunisha actually made a betrayal of some kind or something. But the reason why I bring this up is because there is also the flip side to this and the idea that Zunisha was actually sentenced by the bad guys, by the world government, maybe by Imu, and maybe the crime was helping Joyboy or helping the great kingdom. I've even seen some theories online that Zunisha and Imu are actually related because of their similar eyes. But then in that case, I do have to wonder if Zunisha was sentenced by Imu or by the world government, why then does it listen to Momonosuke? Surely if Imu or the world government was the one to order Zunisha was to sentence a punishment, surely they wouldn't have left a loophole so that Zunisha would be able to come under the control of someone allied to the great kingdom. But then I guess the counter to this could be that given Zunisha's loyalty given its original legions to Joyboy and therefore most likely the great kingdom, maybe that means even despite its orders, despite its punishment, the orders of Momo coming from his family, coming from the Kuzuki is able to override this sort of punishment. Either way, I think this brings up a really interesting question of why Momonosuke? We've seen a few characters possessing this ability of the voice of all things so why Momo specifically? Because what we've seen at Zou, only Momonosuke holds the ability to talk back to Zunisha and Zunisha will only follow Momonosuke's orders. Luffy actually said during that arc that Zunisha won't listen to him. Now this has become somewhat contested as a result of the Wano arc. When Luffy fell off Onigashima and fell into the water, we saw him use the voice of all things and now some people are speculating that it was during that time he actually communicated to Zunisha and that's why Zunisha has arrived at Wano. Now personally I've always interpreted that as Luffy talking to Momonosuke because we did see Momonosuke relay Luffy's message to the rest of Onigashima later, conveying his message that he's alive, that he is going to defeat Kaito and of course we also know that Momo stayed behind at Zou to talk to Zunisha and so I just figured that he must have requested his help earlier on. And so I think because of this, as of this moment, Momonosuke is the only character confirmed to be able to communicate with Zunisha. I've also seen some theories from people who believe that Momonosuke is actually Joy Boy. On the one hand just because practically everything actually points to Luffy being Joy Boy, a part of me actually wouldn't be surprised if Oda pulls one under us and throws in a twist of Momonosuke being Joy Boy or someone else other than Luffy being Joy Boy. But I do have to say that for the most part I do still believe that it is Luffy that is Joy Boy. He's our main character after all and we've seen heavy links, heavy connections to Joy Boy and I have actually discussed this recently so you know make sure to check that out. But something else that I found interesting again whilst I was rereading some of the Fishman Island arc was a panel from chapter 626. So in this chapter Otohime is explaining to her children to her sons about Shiro Hoshi and her power as Poseidon and while she's doing this she also mentions that there will be a man to guide Shiro Hoshi and in that panel Oda draws a silhouette of a man supposedly this man who's going to guide Shiro Hoshi and I have to say that it really closely resembles Luffy. Actually when I first saw it I also thought that it looks like Shanks as well that was honestly my immediate response but in all seriousness it does look like Luffy unless Momonosuke undergoes some drastic hairstyle change. And then on top of that I also think it's unlikely that Momonosuke is Joy Boy because of the timeline. During Oden's flashback we see the Sea Kings talking about being excited of their sovereign's arrival. They say that one of their sovereign's will be born in 10 years and that is obviously referring to Shiro Hoshi but then they also say another in a distant sea and presumably that's talking about Joy Boy because they say that these two sovereign's will meet therefore fulfilling the prophecy or the comments that Otohime made earlier about the man who's going to guide Poseidon. And now given the fact that Momonosuke would have already been born at this time the Sea Kings were talking I don't think that they were referring to him. Even if Momonosuke isn't Joy Boy we do know that he is special. This seems to have been confirmed in Oden's journal because after Momonosuke reads it we see him say to Shinobu that it's imperative that he survives and it seemed like he wasn't just referring to Wano's sake but something deeper, something greater. Most likely this whole thing going on concerning Joy Boy, the void century, the ancient kingdom and so on given that it was Oden's journal that he was reading and we know that he wrote down a lot of what he learned about the whole world in that journal. And again this then brings up the question of why Momo and did Oden know about this? Is that the reason why Toki specifically sent Momonosuke into the future and not Hiyori? Maybe it wasn't simply ensuring that the Kazuki bloodline survives but that Momonosuke specifically survives and fulfills some sort of purpose. And then thinking about that for me also raises the question of Momonosuke joining the straw hat, perhaps joining the crew to fulfill his post-Wano mission, whatever that may be. But I'm gonna end the discussion here before we get into that whole other topic. So let me know your thoughts on this idea or if you have theories of your own, let me know by leaving a comment below, don't forget to like and share the video. Please do subscribe if you'd like more One Piece content and you can also join our Joyfleet Discord server and even become a Patreon member and I thank all my Patrons for help supporting the channel. This is Joygirl and I'll see you again soon.


Portional nystagmus in both the right and left eye with a pendular type nystagmus in the left eye. Status proposed, pontine ABM resection. Just look straight ahead there.


r education. The target itself is still appropriate. Individual colleges through the reform process and the curriculum reviews that they are carrying out are looking at how best they can serve the needs of the young people in their area. In a sense, you need that top-down and bottom-up look to be able to make an assessment of whether the system itself is trying to do the right things for the longer term. How are they managing to maintain the targets, if the actual physical numbers and the population are declining and they are coming through to the colleges? How are they managing to do that? Mark? Mark may want to comment. I think that we have seen curriculum reviews happening after reform, which have aimed to understand better what the needs of employers and young people themselves are and to make sure that those courses are being delivered. We are looking at more innovative ways of providing further education and more options for learning. There is good work going on behind that, and it clearly is becoming more difficult against the demographic change and the financial pressures that we have reported on. Marcus, in what you can say. I suppose that we mentioned earlier that there is a lack of any national measure of demand. It could be that some of the continued achievement of targets is tapping into markets of population that previously were not attending or were not coming to college. We have also mentioned harder to reach students, and it could be that, with additional support or additional input to those students, more people could be attracted into college from what is the smaller pool that now exists. On Europe again, it is in paragraph 54 that you mentioned a number of schemes that are funded through the European Union to the value of £70 million. Those programmes are scheduled to end anyway in 2020-21. Has there been any discussion about further extending these beyond that period of time? I know that the UK Government has given some kind of commitment to 2020, but we do not think that there is any commitment to go beyond that at the moment. Do we know any more? I do not think that we can say more than we say in the reports where we recognise that as one of the potential financial pressures facing colleges if that funding is not available after 2020. Those are programmes around youth employment and developing our workforce and so on, so presumably the colleges would wish to continue with those initiatives beyond that. I assume that the colleges would and I assume that the Government would, but there clearly is now given the vote last June and the events that have unfolded since then a need to review what happens if that European funding is not available, how the objectives that it is achieving could be met in other ways. I will be brief, convener, thank you. Two things that I just want to explore. The first is involving the SFC, if I may. Just looking at some of the other reports that we have done, in relation to Edinburgh College that we looked at earlier, the SFC removed credits from them, which plunged them into debt. They clawed back £800,000 on additionality. They are funding a voluntary severance scheme. Last week, we looked at Murray College, which is having financial challenges. We also looked at Lewis Castle, which has an allocation of credits, which is causing a problem and does not get clawed back. What is your view on how the SFC is managing the sector and managing the public purse? We have reported, as I said in my opening remarks, on the progress of college reform over the past three or four years. A couple of the clear messages coming out of that work have been, first of all, that it has been an unprecedentedly complex range of reforms that were happening over that period. Secondly, that the governance arrangements that have emerged from the end of it are now very complex, with single college regional boards, college regions that are funding colleges in other parts of Scotland. As you heard last week in UHI, a different set of arrangements before, with seven colleges playing into UHI's overall objectives. We have highlighted some of the changes that the funding councillor has tried to make to respond to the reform and the complexity that comes with it. We have also reported in some of the cases where that has not worked as well as it should have been, particularly in relation to the college in Lanarkshire that the committee spent some time on two years ago. I think that if you want to explore the future role of the funding council on the back of all the change that has been under way over that period, it would be appropriate to ask the funding councillor about it. I have not drawn a conclusion about this other than to recognise the complexity and the areas where it has not gone as well as it might have done. Thank you, that is very helpful. The other level was just exploring something that Colin Beattie was talking about, the staff and staff costs. There have been a lot of voluntary severance schemes, there have been a lot of voluntary severance schemes that we have looked at. In the same period—18 million pounds of costs that you say at Exhibit 10 are related to staff severance—in the same period, staff costs have gone up by £24 million, which begs the question, what is going on with the workforce planning? Are we removing too many people through the voluntary severance? What is happening to those people who have come out of voluntary severance, so are they coming back into the sector? There is an awful lot in that question. I need to start just by correcting the understanding of Exhibit 10. Exceptional staff costs the figure of £18 million that you refer to is the difference between what was incurred in 2012-13 and in 2015-16. Paragraph 40, 18 million of which related to staff severance. You are absolutely right. Apologies for misunderstanding the question in that case. Overall, I think that what we have said over the last two or three years is that, given the scale of reform that was going on, the range of mergers that we have had of colleges, it was entirely understandable that voluntary severance schemes were needed to reshape the workforce, to take out things that were duplicated in terms of teaching and support to teaching and learning, and to reshape the workforce for new curriculums. We have also said, though, that doing that in the absence of curriculum reviews and long-term workforce plans runs the risk of exactly what you are describing, of the wrong people being let go because they have other options and of people who may not be best matched with what the college is planning to do for the future remaining. We have reported the figures here because we have seen that uptick again in staff numbers for both teaching and non-teaching staff. We will continue through the audit work to look at the voluntary severance schemes that are in place, but that is why we are particularly pleased to see the emphasis on workforce planning coming through in individual colleges and with support from the funding council to make sure that there is a much longer-term view in future of what staffing is needed and how it can be afforded against the backdrop of the financial pressures that we have described. Thank you very much. I thank you for your evidence this morning. We will now move into private session. If I could ask that the public galleries are cleared.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. As a result of flooding that hit Pike County in August, the U.S. Small Business Administration will be providing disaster relief options to on-profit businesses and residents through April and November. Tuesday we spoke with Emergency Management Director Ne Jackson about how you can apply. We had the flooding on Blackberry Creek and then in the stopover area also had some flooding. So basically what their news release said was we have our folks have an opportunity to get low interest loans through Small Business Administration. It's for the individuals as well as the nonprofits. So if there's a nonprofit business or individuals, there's an 800 number here,<PHONE_NUMBER>. And although Pike County's application for federal assistance was denied, Jackson states that residents in need of financial assistance for credit debt accumulated by the disaster. So it's an opportunity for folks, even for instance if somebody couldn't afford and they may have went ahead and cleaned up. The damages that were done and they put them for instance on their credit card. If they qualify for these loans, they can potentially pay their credit card off with a low interest loan which would be a huge savings to somebody if they had to go that route. And a lot of people, you'll find out that a lot of people, if they didn't have flood insurance to get their houses back in order, they do whatever they have to do, whether it's file a second on their house or possibly put it on credit card. So it is an opportunity for folks, it is a loan but it is a very low interest loan. For more information or to apply, you can visit the Pike County Emergency Management Facebook page. For Mountain Top News, I'm Joel Chorjol.


Etichorina, 10,000 light-years away, is estimated to be 100 times more massive than our Sun. It is one of the most massive stars in the galaxy. It radiates about 5 million times more power than our Sun, and its mass, as you can see, also makes it very unstable.


Somebody left their keys with me for a year and ran off, left me a note and I was, it was crazy. And I had my keys, I had her keys for about a year and I was trying to start, I was just trying to start my own business. Everything, I lost everything, but I wouldn't let them keys give up, I couldn't. Yeah, we on boss talk one on one. When I said I had a dream, right, I was just tired. I was like in a place, y'all, somebody left their keys with me for a year and ran off, left me a note. And I was, it was crazy. And I had my keys, I had her keys for about a year and I was trying to start, I was just trying to start my own business. Everything, I lost everything, but I wouldn't let them keys give up, I couldn't.  She was like, well, call the state, you feel me? But I love them kids. You know what I'm saying? And I'm telling y'all, I've been through some things. I've been through some things. So I lost everything, really. And then I was like, I was just really living from chick to chick and I got tired of it. My baby daddy's, you know, one of them, I only want to heal up and then the other one don't want some time. And I got tired of that. I just wouldn't, you know what I'm saying?  Ain't no, I am not finna work the deal just to have y'all happy and happy life if I can't show you it. Wow. You know what I'm saying? Especially. So then I got tired, I was just tired, I was on my floor. I remember I was drinking some Hennessy. You hear me? I would drink some Hennessy in my closet, boo-hooing. And then I found out I was pregnant again. I didn't change it. Y'all, I had love, please forgive me. I had abortion. Wow. And during that abortion, I thought I was, I don't know what, I thought I was freaking out. And I seen a little boy in the corner. You know what I'm saying? I seen a little boy and I kept, and then afterwards he kept having the same dream over and over, but the little boy never said nothing. Like, remember I lost my son? Right. But this little boy was, I was on the table and it hunted me for a long time. It hunted me for a long time. I remember just, I kept having the same dream. The little boy just stirred in me while I'm, just like he waiting on the baby to come out, you know? He don't ever say nothing. He just being, and it felt real. It felt like it was real. But then when you tell somebody and you black, they tell you crazy, you know what I'm saying? But so I just kind of kept myself to myself, you know? And then one time, you know, I just kept having the same dream. So I said something. Cause it just scared me to death. And then he just started singing. The little boy was singing. And I was thinking to myself for a long time, what is this? Like what do it mean? So after that, I just tried to start singing. I just tried to keep you started singing. And I know I really wanted to be one, but I didn't know if my voice was enough so I tried to start rapping. So then I started, remember my church melodies, you know? And then as the days grew and grew and I'm like, God, show me what I'm supposed to be like. I'm supposed to be mopping up this flow. I'm not supposed to be doing this. You know what I'm saying? I'm supposed to be keeping making these same mistakes. So then he's like, you know what, sing.  I wrote a whole song. And then I kept praying and praying about it. My voice kept growing stronger and stronger. So I knew that that dream, that that man, you know what I'm saying? Or that boy, it's just, it just felt so real. It was a sign for you to go ahead and sing. It was a sign. It's just a saying, you know, that's the only word. And I'm like, I can't sing at the time. I wouldn't think about singing. I would work in a hotel. I know, you know, but I know I'm already singing around for myself, you know? And I'm always humming and doing stuff for myself. So then I knew that was my pressure to let myself out. You feel me?


What's happening y'all? So, Black Baggy's back and ready to react. And we got a new RKO montage. This is chapter 4. So let's watch the Viper Strike. You better get up. It's the time I got RKO'd by Randy Orton.  Steve Olsi, doing your subscribers.


T F N N headline news update Good afternoon folks Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of Delray Beach, Florida This is your 1 p.m. Update clearly got all the US indices trading to the downside the dows off 162 S&Ps off 11 NASDAQ off by one point Russell's down by 31 That is the big leader percentage wise the trainees really right behind it. They're up to 21 percentage wise That is spot follow tonics is still well below its 50-day exponential moving average She's printed at 1686. We've got gold up 14 bucks Silver's up 21 cents. Let's go take a look at a nine panel market update chart We begin by take a look at the ES mini the ES mini right now just consolidating with inside its daily profile However, there's a teeny nine count topping pattern that form. I believe it was on the 5th of November So that top remains in place and if we get a bearish reversal candle today Get to today's trading session. We'll also have a confirmed roads with a indicator top Now all that means that we should expect or anticipate that price will make its way back to support and support would be 4635 Now the confirmation that we would get a move back to that support level would be the spot follow tonics closing above 1757 doesn't have to happen today But if we do see a close above that assuming there's not a one-day rate of change greater than plus 10% That would be our indication of that move lower back to that support area the NQs The NQs still have their TD 9 count top that formed out here on November the 5th out there Price is trading into that swing point. I'll assume at this stage here with light volume We're gonna rip apart the equity future contracts during the trader's it show right now And if you take a look at the US dollar index it's completed that one-to-one measured a one-to-one a to b equal CD pattern Right now you've got a bearish shooting star candle that would confirm a sell the D point We would expect price to pull back We'll have to look at my US dollar index charts to figure out where that might be because it's not going to be Well, I can't say it's not going to be but I don't think the first target is 93 74 which is the top of its daily profile Goldilocks did form a new profile yesterday's bearish and structure resistance 1879 support 1813 but the real key to be watching here is the center of that profile which is held so far But if there is a close below 1851 20 that's going to signal move back to the 1813 level Silver's got a totally different message It also formed a new profile, but it is below price. And as you know, that is a bullish message there Silver also has a TD9 count up. So we'll put silver in the neutral category Gold in the we're still gonna keep it in the neutral territory as well It does look like we're gonna get a change in trend the lights we crude that will be confirmed with a close below 8024 today Folks stay tuned for the Trader Zen show, but if you have to start your Wednesday have a wonderful one The reality


So understand, technique produces power. Power comes from technique. It doesn't come from trying to kill the bull as hard as you possibly can. If you don't know about me, I used to be a huge underachiever, but through obsessive self-improvement, I found my success. Earned a college scholarship, played for my national football team, a YouTube channel with over 100 million views. I've helped players worldwide and I'd love to help you improve faster and achieve more. Today I'm talking about shooting with power. However, I need to start by saying it doesn't matter how hard you can shoot the ball if you can't hit the net consistently. You cannot score goals if you don't hit the target. So although today we're talking about shooting the ball harder, increasing your shot power, your number one priority should be hitting the target. First thing is your foot technique. The flex in your foot especially. So when I'm hitting the ball, I want to have a nice strong flexed foot. If I hit the ball with a weak ankle, a weak foot, and weak toes, I'm going to have a weak shot. So when I come through the ball, I should have a flexed strong foot. As you can see, my toes are pointed to the ground. Okay, my foot is flexed and you should almost feel like, oh, this kind of hurts to flex my foot like that. If you flex on your weaker foot, it almost feels like you can't do it. Like it's not strong enough. But if you keep focusing on that over time, the flex in both of your feet will feel natural and it will be a lot easier. I make contact with the ball. I want to have that flexed strong foot go through the ball. A lot of us are claiming that we're having a strong flexed foot, but the truth is, as soon as you hit the ball, your ankle is going weak. So you may be flexed up until this point, but then you hit the ball and your ankle goes weak like that. If you have a weak ankle and a weak foot when you make contact with the ball, you're going to have a weak shot. So if you're having a lot of backspin on your shots and it's going too high or it's just a really weak shot, it's probably because when you're making contact, your foot is something like that. It's weak, okay? You want to flex strong and you want to keep that through the ball, through making contact with the ball. So before, but also when I make contact, I want to push through the ball with that strong flexed foot like that. If you want to improve faster and achieve more this season, use the Soccer Success Planner. It's 100% free. Players all around the world have already used it to improve. You can download it right now. There's a link in the description below. The next thing I want you to think about is the range of motion with your kick. So a lot of us, we're going to shoot the ball and our range of motion is only something like this. It's very difficult to generate a lot of power if you have a very small back swing and forward swing. So instead of something like this, I want to be more like here back swing. I'm almost kicking my butt and falling through the ball. So I have a bigger back swing. I'm going to be able to generate more power. So in addition to the big back swing is the speed of this swing. The quicker I move my leg, the more power I can generate as long as my foot stays flexed.  But if I have a quick swing and a nice big back swing, you're going to generate more power.   You need to make sure that your body gets here over the ball. Also, I can generate more power if I plant and I get over the ball here. If I'm planting back here where I'm unbalanced and I'm just swinging at it, lunging for it, tough to get control, also tough to generate power. If I can get here, though, get a good strong plant, get lower over the ball and I keep that strong flex foot, I can generate more power. So think about those things. Flex foot, bigger back swing and quicker swing. And most importantly, get your body over the ball if you're thinking about hitting it hard. From moving up divisions to making national teams, players who use the Online Soccer Academy get results. Access elite-level coaching and training, become a complete player, make a difference on the field and get noticed when you play. Limited spots available, apply today, start improving tomorrow. Link in the description below.


And when I went there, I was like, oh, mom, seems like they're dead. Assalamu alaikum. Assalamu alaikum. I'm the 12-year-old Kata. Hello, I'm Daud Kim. So, here is Wonhee. Wonhee. Oh, you have an Islamic name, too? Yeah, it's Daud Muhammad. Muhammad? Yeah. So, I invited a new guy, Korean Muslim, who raised in Pakistan, right? Yes. Isn't that the user thing? Yeah, it's really kind of rare. Yeah. My friends told me that you are unique. Did you watch my Koreans in Pakistan? Yeah. Not really. Like I've seen in the past 15 years, I have just seen two Korean people and that was just in the airport. That's it. Still, you are very unique. Yeah, that is. So, I have some questions for you. Yeah, can you introduce yourself first? Yeah. My name is Taeyeon Won. It's my Korean name. My friends call me Wonhee. And I am 21 years old. So, right now I'm in Korea and I was a student before, but due to COVID, so I'm just staying here being freelancer. Okay, okay, okay. Okay, at first, I'm really curious about why did you go to Pakistan? Well, it was not in my hand to go to Pakistan. Maybe this was in my cutter. Probably, maybe that's why. Maybe Allah chose me and I'm really grateful for that, Alhamdulillah. But my mom, she was like first married to Korean guy and they have me. And then when I was three years old, they separated. So, I have to live along with my mother. Then sooner after a few years, probably two years, three years, my mom met a Pakistani guy. So, then they got married and then my current Pakistani father, he took us to Pakistan and then I was raised there. How old were you at that time? I was seven years old. Seven years old? Yeah. So, how was it? Like, isn't it two new things? It was a bit of shock because there were like a really new place. Yeah. Yeah, going from Korea to Pakistan, it's like entirely different culture. So, that was really like shocking for me. Which is so different. I've seen there in one house, there are a lot of people in Pakistan. Yeah, right. Like the joint family system in Pakistan. How many? Like, when I went there, more than 10. 10? More than 10. There were like 15 people. 15? Yeah. And a big family? Yeah. And the houses are really big and they used to like sleep in the lawn. And they used to have a Jarbai, which is a traditional Pakistani bed. So, they were like in straight lines and they were sleeping there. And when I went there, I was like, mom, seems like they're dead. It's like dead bodies. But then I came to know they're just people and they're just sleeping there. So, that was a bit of shock. 15 people in a lawn sleeping. Wow. That's interesting. So, you became a Muslim? Yeah. And that's also unusual thing in even Korea. So, can you tell me about your conversion story? Like, why did you come to Islam? Well, I was really like innocent because I was just a child. I didn't know anything. So, I was just like, when I was kid, I was like, there has to be something in this world where people are not following something. So, I was really blessed with this thinking that there is something in this world who is watching us, who has made us and who is the owner of everything. Then my grandmother, my daddy in Pakistan, she introduced me with Islam. She told me there is one God who looks after us. Nobody can see him, but he sees us. Nobody watches him, but he watches us and saves us. So, that's how I got into this religion more often than I embraced Islam. Alhamdulillah. Alhamdulillah. Wow. Like, you are very innocent. Like, seven years old, eight years old. And you thought about that. Oh, somebody watched. Some of them is watching me and someone made me. Yeah, that's why. Wow, this is really surprise. It feels really good that there is a Korean, especially Dawood Kim. I've seen a lot of his videos telling about Islam. And I'm really happy. Like, there are a lot of Muslims in Korea now. Yeah, right. Alhamdulillah. Thankfully, Allah has always the plan. I love that part. So, I have more questions. I really want to go Pakistan someday soon. So, how is it? How is Pakistan? Is it a good place for living? I would say it's really good for living. Like, the people are really nice to you, especially to the foreigners. And now they are getting aware of the Korean culture. They have Korean culture program there. And they love Koreans. They're really generous.  Oh, even if you are full, they're going to give you more and more and more. And, wow, dessert. They're going to give you, like, till your stomach comes out. Wow. So, they're really generous, kind of loving people. But, and their fruits. Fruits in Pakistan, they're really good. Like, compared to other countries, they are all natural. They don't use any kind of genetic coating in the seeds, like in Korea. All are natural, really tasty.  That it's really hot. Ah, it's really hot. Yeah, you're going to be really sweaty. That's the problem. Now, how much, how much degree? Well, average. Average is 40. 40? Yeah, 40. Oh, that's hard. Yeah, it depends. But if you're in Lahore, I used to be in Lahore. It gets till 40, sometimes 45. But if you're in Karachi, it's like moderate, you can survive there, being in Korea. So, Karachi is better. Yeah, Karachi is better. I've heard that Pakistan, they have a lot of hospitality. Always like kind and want to help others, support. So, if when like Korean or foreign, let's go to Pakistan, they give you like everything free and like eat this, eat this.  If you give them the money, they'll be like, no, you are our guest. Oh! They will be like, you are our guest, we do hospitality. So, this is for you, brother. This is for you. You can have it. It's a gift from us. We love you. I, clearly, I've never believed this, because how can this be possible? In any country, they will not do that. Yeah, that is true. It only happens in Pakistan. Yeah, I think so. People, they love you, even the strangers. Like, they might look at you out of curiosity, because you are a foreigner, but deep inside, they have immense love and support for you. Oh, omdallah. So, about the money thing, if you ever go to Pakistan, you don't have to worry about that. They'll give you free. Okay, okay, okay. Free Briyani. Yeah, free Briyani. So, this is the last question. Can you teach me some Pakistani language? Urdu? Urdu. You can speak Urdu, right? Yeah. First, like, since we are Muslims, we are like, as-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Wa alaykum as-salam. Then you say, Kasin ha'ab, it means, how are you? Kasin ha'ab. Kasin ha'ab. It means, how are you? Then you reply, matikum, it means, I'm good. And some, since we are Muslims, we say, alhamdulillah, matikum. Let's try. As-salamu alaykum. Wa alaykum as-salam. Kasin ha'ab. Tikum, alhamdulillah. What is your name? My name is Tawd Kimhae. I want to go to Pakistan. Please, come to Pakistan. You will love Pakistan. Pakistan, Jindabad. I'm so honored and happy to invite Korean Muslim who lives in Pakistan. And I really want to go Pakistan soon. So, wait for me. We both can go to Pakistan. Yeah, of course, you can guide me. Please, I'll guide you.  You don't have to worry about that. Okay, so thank you for watching my video. Take care and be safe. Alhamdulillah. Masalam, alhamdulillah. Annyeong. As-salamu alaykum. What's up, I'm Tula here. What's up, guys? Hello, I'm Tawd Kimhae. Millions of children in the world are unable to fulfill their potential because of two main reasons. First, lack of access of education. Second, lack of access to quality education when they do get access to education. We are solving this problem by combining words-based teachers' work with words-based animation and making it available free for educational institutes to deliver free of cost to every deserving child in the world. This, however, requires your support. Our unconstant Sadaq Qajaria and contribute to make this dream of quality education comes true for every child. To contribute to launchgood.com education for every child. We can change the world. Lama Tanbubarak.


The primary factor to appreciate in understanding the significance of token economics is that the most basic way in which economic data is recorded is changing today. With the advent of blockchain technology, the information layer upon which economies are built is changing, and therefore everything upwards of that layer will change, which is essentially everything we know about how our economies work. Electronics is before anything about information. It is based on records of ownership that define who owns what and what is exchanged, what we call ledgers. Everything that exists within an advanced economy exists because it is recorded somewhere in a ledger. Because these ledgers define who has what, we have to trust whoever it is that maintains those records. These records are currently maintained by the thing we trust the most, which is the government and legal system. The legal system determines who gets to make entries into those databases, and it grants that power to various institutions that prove their trustworthiness to the legal system. Banks, insurance companies, hospitals, enterprises, institutional investors etc. These centralized authorities manage this complex set of records or databases, and thus control how value is represented and flows within the economy, which is of course the foundations of their power and influence within society. This centralized approach can have many advantages in terms of simplicity, speed and efficiency, but it also means that we have to trust those institutions, and in this way we hand over massive amounts of power to those centralized institutions and have to continuously wild to constrain those powers through regulations in the legal system. Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, we converted that information into a digital format, but the structure of the system remained largely unchanged. Centralized organizations just got faster and more efficient at doing what they do. But today, everything that we turned into digital data, we can now move onto blockchain networks, which can be understood as a form of distributed database. With this system, people can now connect to the database directly, and we can automate the maintenance and updating of that data. Likewise, we can build ever more sophisticated algorithms on top of it, thus replacing more and more of the functions that were previously only achievable through centralized management structures. The trust required to maintain society's records of value is thus displaced from centralized institutions and now placed in the mathematics of cryptography, computer code and digital networks. This means that at least theoretically, we do not need these centralized institutions to manage the data now in the way that we did in the past. The profound implication of this is that society and economy no longer need to be architectured around centralized institutions. The consequences of redirecting all these flows of information, value and power within society, away from centralized channels and into distributed networks, are almost unimaginable. The ramifications are so profound that none could predict the outcomes. The surprising thing, though, is that this is not the dream of some radical anarchist group, but simply the consequences of a revolution in information technology. Such an extraordinary transformation happens very rarely in human civilization, as it signals the true coming of age of the information age. The blockchain is unlike other new technologies, because it taps into a deep structural transformation brought about with the move into the information age. That is to say, the rise of distributed networks as a new organizational paradigm for society, economy and technology infrastructure. The blockchain is not magic as it may appear, but simply builds upon existing information and communications technologies that are enabling this deep structural process of change that takes us into the network society.


Hello Slush. Good to see you. I think starting the Builder Studio about founding teams with Ilkka Paaninen is really special and the reason is pretty simple. Ilkka has not just only started one company, but actually co-founded two companies, so Sume and Supercell. But also, secondly, started a non-profit foundation, invested in tens of different companies through his family office, Illusion, also through Supercell. Additionally, Supercell operates with these small cells, so basically different small founding teams itself creating the different games. But not just only that. You are on the board of Turun Pallaseuro, the ice hockey team, you are on the board of Walton and many, many others. So I think to kick this right away, Ilkka. When you have a view of sports teams, non-profits, startups, you have invested in tens of different companies, what are the differences between the best teams and especially the best founding teams when you compare these different organizations and so on? Well, you know, it's interesting. So obviously, I've been very lucky in my life in a way that I've had the great fortune of working with some really amazing people, some really amazing teams in my life. And I think the surprising thing is that I don't think this, wherever the team is on for-profit, non-profits, even sports, I don't know if there are that big differences, or at least I've observed many common nominators between these teams and not really matter in what field that team actually is in. So in a way, they are pretty much the same, but you mentioned that you have noticed some common threats. So what are, in your view, those, especially with the very best teams, exceptional teams? Well, if I think about the very best teams that I've come across and had a chance to work together with this, I think that first of all, all the best teams, they aim really, really high. So the level of ambition is high. And say, for example, what they want to do is, if I talk to a founding team who's based here in Finland, these guys are not trying to build the best product or the best company in Finland, and not even the best in Europe, but these guys are aiming to be the number one globally, being the best in the world. And that, I think, is the starting point for those people. And also these teams, they usually have a really clear vision, what they want to do, so crystal clear. But at the same time, it's an interesting balance because these teams are also very open-minded about feedback, and they actually welcome people who challenge that vision. But then, I guess, despite listening to everybody, at the same time, they do decide themselves and they kind of take the feedback that they feel is valuable. So it's not that these teams change the vision based on what's the piece of feedback they've last heard. So those type of things at least come to my mind. And I think the third thing is that these people, oftentimes they are very different. They come from different backgrounds, meaning that when they need to decide on something, there are different perspectives to that matter. But then despite these differences and sometimes even heated arguments, they can get actually aligned behind one common goal. And there's this mentality of disagree and but commit too. So those sort of come to my mind. And then there are some pretty obvious things. Of course, every single person needs to be world-class in their position. There has to be this common set of values and culture, which is really the foundation that you build everything on top of.  And maybe as a last thing, I would say that I try to like, I mean best teams aren't necessarily, and this is interesting, they aren't necessarily like motivated by the outcome, but they actually, they truly enjoy the kind of the effort, so to speak. So, and especially like as a very concrete example, I personally don't get inspired about teams who, for example, have a lofty goal as in like, what's the kind of exit going to be, or what's the valuation going to be. You know, I don't find that inspiring at all, and I think there's other people like me. So I think there has to be kind of a bigger goal than just money, for example. Right, so you listed like maybe six different things, like aiming world-class, having the best of the best team, getting excited of simply building something together, having strong opinions, loosely held and so on. But maybe if you actually change the table from being an investor and checking these teams and kind of like thinking through the lens of should I invest in this company, and actually like, is this the team that can actually execute on the idea that they are about to do. So what kind of things kind of, what kind of things go in your mind and different traits? Like how do you evaluate that these people have these different things that you mentioned? Well, obviously it's a discussion and oftentimes multiple discussions. And it's just about asking questions and trying to understand the teams and what really motivates them. I ask questions, like for example the first thing I say, but for me it's very important to understand like what's the ambition level. Can you ask questions like previously, like what's the kind of the work that you're most proud of. And trying to figure out like where is the quality bar for that person. And you can die really deep in that topic. Is there a good example of a great response that you have got? No, I think there's like 10s and 10s of great responses and it really depends on the person. I interviewed a person who wanted to join Supercell back in the day and you know that person actually didn't have like almost any work experience. But then like I asked like what are you most proud of? What's the best piece of work that you've ever done? And I think this person had a founded a chess club in the high school. But it was the world's best chess club and then I asked why. And even more importantly I asked like how did you know that it's the world's best. And the person had this very global perspective on chess club. By the way I know nothing about chess, but that gave me an idea that this kind of individual really has this global mindset and really always whatever she does always aims as high as possible. What about the when building companies we often talk about execution. It's a race to find the product market fit and you as an investor usually assess the team and the founder that does this person have a founder market fit to specific problem. And I think there is a great quote that investor from most adventures Toby Koppel said that ideas are cheap, execution is expensive and the ability to execute separates people, not the ability to come up with ideas. So I'm really interested like about especially how do you assess whether a certain founding team has kind of like this execution capability to actually make things happen. Well of course like execution is ultimately like the best proof of execution is just like the history. So what have these people done in the past. And actually like the sort of thing that many people and I guess many investors that it used to do was that you would take the kind of first meeting with a founding team and then you would like schedule the next meeting in say next three to four weeks and this you know this team maybe is like trying to raise money and you know back in the old days in three weeks you couldn't raise money and then you basically turn to assess that okay what has happened during these three weeks like we have no resources, we have no funding and you know like somehow the best teams can get a lot of done basically with no resources and it's interesting to me like if I think about the best for example game teams at Supercell which have been born I mean usually the way they've been born is it's almost like completely organically and you know and nobody has like told them like you know what type of game to do or anything and they put the team together and you know they actually don't have any time to like you know create prototypes and stuff but yet despite all of those things things does somehow magically happen and you know I think there's like that sort of easy kind of common trade you know between many of the best teams that I've come across and you know it's just the ability to execute with seemingly like no resources right right and then like somehow showing that like what you have done with minimal resources in a short time yeah and somehow like things just happen like great things just happen I think there was something we had a short prep call with Ilka for this session just to kind of like have an idea like what to maybe discuss but there was something really surprising for me that you said in that call and it went something like this that the worst mistake you can do is to start a company with your best friend what did you mean by this and why is it so if it's so well I don't know obviously it's maybe not the worst mistake but in my experience and by the way now maybe it's important to find so if I there's sort of a friend from childhood or something like that so I think the danger with like founding companies or any kind of teams if those type of friends is that I mean often times like at least for me like friends are people who I obviously like we are often times we are very like minded and that just means that what I would worry about like founding company with friends is that you know and it is to have like this different type of perspectives you know like to whatever decision you are about to make and if everybody is a super like a like minded and you have kind of follow the similar train of thought when I think like so much gets lost so I think it actually is it's almost the opposite if I think about the you know the teams that I've been personally been lucky to be part of or teams that I've observed from distance I mean often times those are made of like pretty different people different perspectives and there actually can be like very heated arguments about things but then as I said like despite all of that these people can get aligned behind that one common vision and you know there's this mentality that you know you just you know disagree but you commit even if you disagree right right and it gets more difficult if it's a person who is really close to you and you have known him or her for years exactly and the chances are that you won't disagree in the first place like almost on anything which I think would be a problem right maybe leading from there one thing that is special in the founding team of Supercell and also at Vault where in the board as the board member is the fact that you had six people on your founding team what kind of like challenges or benefits this kind of approach where you have like there was you obviously as the founding CEO and plus five other people what kind of like benefits or challenges having these many founders may have and is there a golden number how many founding team members one should have well first of all I don't think there's a golden number at all I think it really depends like what you're trying to do and also of course depends on the type of people you have and I guess I can only like speak from an experience of Supercell like the simple reason for us to have like as many as six co-founders was that you know our goal was to like Supercell the founding idea behind Supercell was that the best people and teams create the best game so therefore we wanted to sort of get first of all we wanted to get the best people to the founding team but two we also wanted to get people who know our sort of quote best people in the industry and collectively like the six of us of course like new lots and lots of people enabled us to like build the next layer of great amazing people people who were actually much better than we were to Supercell how about super concretely when you have that many people on your founding team and you have like every day you have probably tens of different decisions to be done and when you have six people one could argue that you have a committee kind of like how did you during your Supercell early days kind of like agree what to do how did you make the decisions how did you agree what happens how did you form for those not just only having maybe six but just three how the founding team should make decisions and how maybe you should prepare your team to actually move super fast and so on well first of all I think it's extremely dangerous to make decisions as a committee and for us how it worked is that there was a complete trust between the six of us and it's not that they can decide everything as a group of course you know if we had to decide something about the product you know I actually like oftentimes I was not involved because I don't think I'm the best person to talk about product so I excluded myself but then the people who were best people to kind of chime in on those decisions then those guys had the discussion made the decision and let everybody else know and then of course if somebody like disagrees then that's the time to kind of speak up and then we will talk about it but I think that first of all I mean I don't think that all decisions like should or you know are needed to make within that bigger group and I think the one benefit that does come out from like having that bigger group of co-founders is that I already mentioned one which is that you just jointly you just know more people but the other thing is that you know we were actually able to execute super fast because I mean obviously only one out of the six who wasn't the game developer and all of these five other people were like world class game developers which meant that you know we were able to move super super fast also in the product and technology side right maybe every founding team is unique and depending on what you are building what's the problem you are trying to solve there are different roles but maybe one thing that holds is the role of the founding CEO in the founding team so in your view kind of like what are the most important like traits or characteristics or skills specifically the founding CEO should hold in the founding team and what's the role responsibility so I have sort of mixed feelings about this question and topic because I mean often times I feel that we have some kind of created also within startups we have created this like myth about this hero CEO who like somehow magically like knows like you know what's the best thing to do and solves all the problems and you know works harder and smarter better than anybody else and all that which I at least in my case none of those things are true you know if I think about say for example the founding team of Supercell I was just like super super lucky to be able to work with these five other people and I definitely don't think it was about me and wasn't about me and still isn't about me so I think sometimes I think that role is almost like you know somehow it created a myth about it yeah glorified but then what do I think is the job of the CEO like in my mind it's actually pretty simple the way I think about it is that the role and the responsibility of the CEO is to one like first of all make sure that you have the best possible team but you know you have world-class individuals in every single thing that the team needs to do and then of course that that team sort of plays or works very well together that's one thing and then the other thing that you need to make sure is that the culture is such you know they're a team they else can do the best work of their careers and whatever that means but you know that really I mean if you have those two things then we will some luck or we will lot of luck which I certainly had then you know great things can sort of come out of that and in very practical terms I mean I think recruitment is a super you know critical components that the CEO needs to have so you need to be like somehow able to like kind of sell your company or inspire others so that other great people would join it and of course you need to have an eye for recruitment and you know what are the kind of types of people that should join the company and then it sort of comes to decision making my kind of thinking about that is that I mean I don't think that it should be the CEO who makes all the decisions rather I think that it's the responsibility of the CEO to make sure that decisions get made and for example in my case I only make decisions when the team can't get the decisions and sometimes that happens sometimes you just need to step up and say okay we're gonna stop this argument and this is what we're gonna do but in most cases you know of course it's best if decisions do come from the team the second thing you mentioned the role of the CEO is to ensure that the culture is right and fostered so what are the maybe the super concrete things you should do in the founding team to set up your culture in the right way before you actually start running and finding the product market fit for your product well maybe I can share you a true story about the founding of Supercell where I think I got something right and then I got something very wrong so part that I think we as a group got right was that they actually talked so much about culture actually before we founded the company we literally like we I remember this one of our very first meetings you know was that they actually went through the culture deck of Netflix which had just come out I think maybe year before and actually I and the others were also like very inspired about that deck and it talked about you know this culture of freedom and responsibility and we like basically like that inspired us actually to many of the things that we wanted to do at Supercell we spent so much time like not only talking about the type of game and product we wanted to build but talking about what type of company and what type of culture we want to build so that was the thing that they got got right. The thing that they got wrong was that you know it was in my like to-do list always that okay you know write down the values like write down what you kind of had agreed on formalize in a way the culture it always I top of my to-do list but then I was always like too busy with other more important stuff so I never did it actually until it got to this point that I fondly remember this moment like we were I think like around 40 people we had already like opened up for example our office in San Francisco it not only just one but two offices and all that a bit more complex environment and then I was in this meeting and we talked about responsibility which kind of happens to be one of our values and then the other person next to me in a way he was talking about responsibility it actually was something completely different what I had in mind what I meant the responsibility and then that was a big wake up call for me but okay I actually like really need to get on to this and it actually is important to like write this stuff down because when you can write things down and you share it with everybody that's one way to make sure that everybody is actually aligned and that can force this custom what you actually mean you actually think it's very important to actually get pretty detailed about this type of things and you know it's not I mean oftentimes culture can feel very fluffy and the reason why it feels fluffy that you keep it very high level very conceptual like for example like everybody like all the companies in the world product in one way or another one of our values is quality I mean have you ever made a company that isn't like trying to do but you know when the question is that what does it really mean and for example Supercell what it means is that the action and the behavior that comes from quality is that we kill a lot of games and that's painful incredibly painful but you know that is what we mean the quality and you know I think we've learned that these values don't really mean anything unless like some very concrete actions follow from them and if you have a value in your company just figure out like what is the action then the question is that is it a value like in the first place should it be there if there are no concrete actions that follow that value like why is it there and I think that was maybe partially at least the reason why why what happened in the early days of Supercell kind of like you killed one game you kind of like heavily pivoted to mobile and so on because you knew that this wasn't going to be as big as you have agreed and as ambitious was that the part of it? Yeah I think like that too but maybe the biggest reason was because we had a very high level ambition and still have it at Supercell and our strategy was we wanted to create games for the masses and then like back in 2010 we had this platform to start from Facebook but then we relatively quickly discovered but you know for us like we're never going to be the number one company on the Facebook platform and then I do remember we had this discussion but okay we got all like I mean if you can't win this game like let's try to pick a game but we actually can win and that's what kind of inspired us to do the pivot to mobile so we got super lucky there So we have a bit more than four minutes left so there's a couple things I want to especially ask so when you find the product market fit you maybe start to scale from the three four or five people to ten to maybe fifty at some point and then to eventually hundred to two hundred how does the role of founding team change during that process and what's the kind of like what's kind of like the importance of founding teams when the company grows Well I think like how the role of founding team changes it really depends on like if the founders have been put into kind of leadership positions or managerial positions so maybe you have somebody who's like for example leading the engineering and it goes just fine then there's maybe four or five engineers but what happens is there's like forty or four hundred and then obviously there is such a thing that at some point you probably need somebody who has experience in doing that type of thing or maybe you've been or maybe you've been lucky that you have somebody in the founding team who's also passionate about leading other people and not just writing code but that somebody can grow into that role but you know oftentimes you see sort of changes in those types of things and again I think this is a really great test for the founding team so the best founding teams like have no egos so it doesn't matter what is your personal role in the company and in the founding team all you want to do is do whatever is best for the company or best for the team and it doesn't matter what's your kind of personal role and you know I've seen like so many times people sort of quote stepping down on their roles because they see that there's somebody else in the company who actually is better at this job than I am and those are actually like really big cultural moments and certainly have been for us when ever what happens. When you build a company it's already incredibly difficult and on the journey there will be different conflicts with the founding team. You don't always agree with everything and that's great as you mentioned but what are maybe the typical conflicts that you might face with your founding team when building a company and is there something that the worry best and exceptional founding teams do differently when they face a conflict? Well I think the conflicts obviously it depends like what type of companies there's probably like millions different types of conflicts and as you say there should be my advice would be that embrace the conflict that's a great thing I mean the fact that there is conflict that's a really really good thing because when you can get different perspectives to be matters but my very simple advice whenever there's a conflict and especially if you start to feel that you're losing trust on somebody, you know sit down with that person or with those people and talk about it take the bull by the horns and this by way is one of the I think differences between sort of great teams and average teams because for average teams these discussions are so hard but they just don't have them it's so inconvenient to talk to somebody about these types of things but the great teams they embrace it and they do it and for example I fondly remember one meeting in 2012 before Supercell released Heyday and we had a founding you know group meeting of six of us were sitting in the lunch area and then you can imagine like I mean we had like I believe we had like amazing developers in our founding team but then we have one of our founding coders tells to be our founding coder but hey I have to tell you but I think you're coding too slow and in front of everybody and I still remember that but I think that's a great example how you can raise a bar and I guarantee you that the other guy wasn't slow at all and it was probably the first time in his life that somebody tells you that but I think that's like a sign of a great founding team changing you know the other people and you're kind of helping them raise the bar and not afraid of conflict Exactly, super shortly if you would start another company how would you approach building the founding team in super short Yeah for clarity I'm not gonna start a new startup but like the way I would do it is that first of all I would like you know gather like a group of people who I think I potentially could start that startup I would try to form a vision with those people and then I would use this vision formation process and test like is this a great founding team and you can we get aligned how does this process feel to me you can iterate on that and then like through this process you probably will discover that okay is it a great team or not what changes need to be made etc and once you can arrive to be kind of the final team okay this is it then I think I would just as I said I would write down the vision, the plan and don't forget to write down the culture and then just you know put let go That's it, thank you Elko Paanen Thanks very much


If you've watched some of my other videos, you'll know that I emphasize the importance of finding as dark a sky as you can for astrophotography. But when you've been doing this a while, you might start wondering, well, just how dark is this? How can I compare the sky quality at one location to another? Well, there are three main methods and in this five minute Friday, I'm gonna run through what I think are some of the pros and the cons of each method for gauging sky quality. And the first method for gauging, which I've shown in several videos now, is using a website like lightpollutionmap.info, which shows you satellite data of how bright the earth is from space, looking down. I like this method because it's easy. I can just say, go to this website. We don't have enough to speak the same language.  And then I have some frame of reference, like an orange zone or a green zone. What I don't like about it is, I think people read a little bit too much into it sometimes. The surveys from satellites are measuring the brightness of the earth looking down at it. The websites are then taking a best guess at how bright the sky will be for an observer looking up. And if you click on any location, they'll even calculate the sky quality in magnitude per arcs second squared and the Bortl scale, both of which we're gonna talk about. But if I get anything across in this video, I want you to know that those are guesses and they're not super accurate. I find in cases where it's really obvious, like downtown Boston, like I'm showing now, it's gonna be Bortl nine. So sure, the website can predict that. But I've seen it guess something, in other cases, like a Bortl four when it's actually a Bortl six. And I've also seen it the other way around, like getting like two Bortl classes off. I'm jumping ahead of myself a little bit, I realized, but let's go ahead and just jump in to the Bortl scale because it's probably the one that people use the most, even more than telling me the colors on a map. They'll say, I'm in a Bortl four. But I don't think that people are actually using the method in the article when they're telling me that. The Bortl scale is a method devised by a legendary amateur astronomer and a comet observer, John Bortl, who publishes scale 20 years ago now in this February 2001 issue of Sky and Telescope. The article is also available online and I'll put the link in the description. And I encourage everyone interested in this topic to go read this article if you never have. It's not very long, it'll just take a few minutes. You can even pause the video right now and come back. Basically what the Bortl scale is, is it's a way for a visual observer with no equipment other than their eyes to gauge the sky quality at any location. And that's a very useful thing. It does require a little bit of night sky knowledge to use this scale, but I think picking up that bit of observing know-how, even if you're an astrophotographer, is a good idea. Okay, the last method I've saved for last because while it's by far the most accurate method, it typically involves buying some equipment and this method is to actually measure the brightness of the sky with an accurate meter. The most popular meters are made by a company called Unihidron and they have a bunch of different models at different price points. They have handheld models you can just push and it tells you I have this Unihidron SQM-LU which you connect to a computer by USB to make readings. What it does is it measures the sky brightness in something called magnitude per arc second squared or MPSS for short. To confuse things a little bit, you'll often see people say SQM equals 20.5. SQM in this case stands for Sky Quality Meter, the device they're using, but for some reason this has become sort of interchangeable with magnitude per arc second squared, but I prefer MPSS because that's what we're actually measuring with these numbers. A city sky is usually somewhere between 17 and 18 MPSS while the darkest sky on earth would be 22.0. Last thing about dark sky meters. I recently ordered a different one. This beauty, this is called TAS. It's from a Spanish nonprofit organization called Stars for All. It's a pricey little device, but I really enjoy it so it's worth it to me. What it can do is it measures all over the sky automatically and builds me a light pollution map right in the app on my phone for the whole sky. And so then I can compare each side to know, okay, this side is better for shooting to the west and the south, but this one is better for the north. I should note that I also have done this with my unihidron meter. It's just a lot more manual work of pointing it and then building the map myself. So this is really nice. All right, I think that's it. Next week I'm gonna be talking about horizontal versus equatorial coordinate systems and why we still use both for amateur astronomy. Until then, this has been Nico Carver from NebulaFotos.com. Clear skies.