Hey guys, it's Nate A.K., the photo accountant. Welcome back to the channel. Everywhere we look right now, instead of level up in FIVA 23, it looks like there's places to grind, to get packs, to get cards completely in objectives, and that's a good thing, right? Well, is there a point where it becomes too much? That's the way I'm feeling. I don't know if you guys are feeling that same way because of yesterday's content. I want to take a look through the new content that we got and why this level of promo. Just kind of starting to feel like a little bit too much with some of the objectives that were being pushed to play. So we'll take a look at that and hopefully today we get some good upgrade packs because I would like a chance at packing Gretzka, Martinelli, Darwin Nunez, and the like. So we're going to talk about all that and more today, especially a market that is still moving a bit scared. So if you're enjoying the videos on the channel, drop a thumbs up on them and, of course, subscribe if you are new. Let's look at yesterday's content though because we did have three brand new SBCs. The first of which, we're just going to have to laugh, right? We're just going to have to laugh at this player pick SBC coming back. Not the 93 plus shapeshifters, but instead the 89 plus FIFA World Cup hero player pick. I don't know why we're still getting this SBC man and I want to play a little game with you guys. What is the downvote percentage on the footbin SBC? Let's take a look. 95% downvote on the 89 plus World Cup player pick. I mean, I don't know if many people are doing that, especially with the 93 plus shapeshifter back as well and the icon pack that is available right now as well. So there's a lot of SBCs to grind and to craft, which is good, but it's kind of comical that 89 plus is coming out. Unless you have fodder for days and you just want something to do, that one right there is not probably not going to give you something that you really want. It is so much worth crafting the 93 plus or even the icon pack at that rate instead of that hero player pick. But nonetheless, we had that SBC yesterday. Now something that is much more worth crafting as well is also a lot cheaper, the Axel Vitzel card. And man, if you compare this guy to Chalmeni guys, I'm telling you the upgraded Axel Vitzel compared to the upgraded Chalmeni for the price that this card is compared to the price that Chalmeni is like 1.3, 1.4 million coins and a lot of games to upgrade. I think this is tremendous value. This SBC is 20,000 coins. And then all you have to do is go play, I think it's 10 games, 10 games with the 91 Chalmeni to then get the 93. Yeah, 10 separate matches with five lovely good players with a five star week, but he's low medium, which the work rates there. Okay, definitely a stayback CDM, but 99 heading accuracy, really good stats all the way around 99 composure, great passing, can even shoot a volley. 99 volleys, that would be fun. But for that low of a grind, for that little of a amount of a grind and such a cheap SBC, considering Chalmeni is 20 matches and 1.3, 1.4 million coins. I really feel like this Axel Vitzel is a very nice, cheap alternative to that Chalmeni card. So I got nothing against that one GGs to EA and you could tell 86% upvote. I like that. Now, unfortunately, yesterday, we did not see a crafting objective though. I was really hoping that we had Sabanier last week. I thought we were going to get another one, but instead we did not. So I guess there's maybe a tiny bit of hope that would come for today, but I really think that's not going to happen, especially with the SBC for the crafting upgrade expiring so soon. So EA surprises, but yeah, I was a little bit bummed to not see a crafting objective player dropped yesterday. Now, the last part of content that we had yesterday, yes, it does revolve around an SBC, but it revolves around an SBC and an objective combination. And that is the draft token upgrade, which is always a W and the draft token upgrade drops, right? But with the draft objectives during this game right now, guys, this is where it's getting too much for me. Think about what we have right now for a gameplay grind in July. Guys, we have, of course, all the level up cards that we are trying to get from team one and team two, all the games. If you're going after these, that's a grind in squad battles, rivals, footchamps. That's the main grind right now. This is literally, this promo is all about play to upgrade, right? Play to style, play to upgrade these cards, level up these cards. And now we have not only a cup that we're supposed to be playing five days a game in to get all the packs that we possibly can get. We now have a draft objective. So we're supposed to be playing draft, the cup friendly mode, and then also squad battles or rivals, however you're getting these guys done, to get all the upgrades. Man, this is like too much EA. Like, this is too much gameplay grind, especially for this time of year. I mean, it's kind of sad because this is the type of gameplay grind and this is the type of content that is like, honestly, peak content. Like, think about it, a cup, the draft objectives with an SBC, and all of these level up cards. We think this is incredible content, right? So much to do, so much to grind. But at this stage of the game, it more so just makes you think, man, I don't know if I want to play the game that much. Like, I'm still trying to work through Renato. I got more games to go on that. Kind of combining him and Darwin together with some of the other, you know, Tiago Jaloh, who's pretty easy to get done, a tall, easy to get done. I'm still working on trying to get some of these level up cards that might go into my main team. Why do I want to spend that much time going through a cup and now draft as well? So it's a bit too much for me. Let me know what you guys think. But I think EA, I mean, again, W content and we love it. We love the efforts being shown here, but like, it's just, it's too much for me. So yeah, I'm hoping for a bit of a menu grind this week as well. I haven't done too many upgrade packs last week. I'm going to do some more this week and I also would love to craft these player picks at the very least. So I'm going to try to turn to a little bit more of an SVC grind this week, if possible. And I really hope that's where it goes this week, too, because man, there's so much gameplay grind out there. But let me know how you guys feel about that down in the comments. It's great to have options once again, but it just feels like that is a bit too much. Now let's talk about the market a little bit. As expected, you've got level up team two cards dropping a little bit lower. I'm keeping an eye on Chalmeni right now because he was 1.4 mil last night, went up to about 1.6. And now he's back down to about 1.2, 1.3. I picked one up at 1.27. I hope that he can go up a bit more. I also picked up a Darwin Nunez at 580k. That's more just to play with. I mean, I think this Nunez is probably going to end up going up a bit further. I think a couple of these cards are going to go up a bit further after their price is crashed. To the lowest they have been yet. Goretzka right now, is he going up right now? Goretzka is 2.4. He was just 2.2. Martinelli was really low. Varan is the lowest he has been. And a lot of these guys, I do believe, will have some bounces today. We will have some rises on a few of these cards, namely Nunez, Chalmeni. I can see it. Goretzka is already going. And even on the lower tier, Thiago Chaló.  Now he's at 36. He was 61k. Yeah, a lot of people are getting this objective done. But one thing we saw last week with the level 1, level up team 1 cards, is that they rose really, really nice. Like really, really nice on Monday morning. I remember seeing like Davies exploded on Monday morning guys, because a lot of people wake up and they got, all right, time to play today. Time to get moving on these objectives. And you see a lot of these cards really, really have some rises on the middle to low tier and on the top tier. So I wouldn't be surprised if there were some fluctuations out there today on some of these. So if you're trying to get some objectives done, trying to get some games in, might not be a bad time to go and to look at that. Really, what the market this week hinges on is footies, right? Footies or whatever promo is next. We're guessing that it's footies because of where we are in July and footies has already been kind of shown to us to the pack code. And we've been talking about it and we've been hyping it up because it's coming. It's coming. It's just a matter of when, right? So it's really, it's really got to be footies this week. The only thing that could really impact the market a ton. And I still think it would have an impact on these level of cards, team one and team two. So if you're trying to get some games in, I would still urge you the best practice is going to be get as many games in as the short amount of time as you can. If you know you've got a couple hours to grind, sit down and get that player, get those games in and then just get it out because over time, these cards of course are going to drop as more and more people get the objectives done. So I do expect these guys to be lower than where they are right now by the end of the week. Because just like we saw with team number one, they did drop off a good amount in that second weekend. And of course, that would be also during the start of probably footies. So a lot going on with the market there and just a word for team one cards to like, man, these guys just keep dropping De Bruyne six and a half mil Davies. Davies, Werner and Enzo have kind of found like their range like Werner 300K Enzo about 280 Davies is between like 440, 450, he's 494 right now. I saw him at 440 earlier and then Renato is about 3.8 million coins as well. So those cards, man, I think people are doing those objectives like I'm still working on Renato Sanchez, but you got to be really, really careful with those by the end of the week because the objectives go away and those cards then just become cool cards on the market that could have been something better. Of course, for a lot of people and they won't have as much demand, but they'll still have some. I bet they'll be good to trade with the next couple of weeks as long as they don't get released back into packs right away. So be careful with those and the rest of the market. I was just trying to take a look at some shapeshifters cards. I'm noticing some pretty sizable drop-offs here on, you know, Joao Felix is 1.09. That's pretty low for him. Some of your middle to top tier shapeshifters, the young 1.5 that's low at toe is down for a shapeshifter icon 1.58. Marshal is a bit low. Zaha is even down a little bit.  Nothing that crazy. Mara is 1.16. That's pretty low for him. What was he yesterday? He was 1.28 went down all the way to 1.13. If I could have snagged a 1.1 flat, that would have been great. But, you know, there's still going to be fluctuations you can trade in and out of again this week. Guys, it really just all depends on the panic and the hype for the upcoming promo footage. That's really going to bring a lot of a lot of people don't play FIFA in the summer until footage comes out. Then they come running back to the game because footage is just footage. And it has a reputation and it has just an aura about it of always bringing good content. EA have delivered so many years past and that's the real big catalyst that we're waiting on right now to make things change a lot on this market. Now, let's talk about today on Monday a little bit more as well because we should hopefully get some decent content today. Something that would be fun to grind. We mentioned the SBCs, right? That's where I'll be looking today. I don't know what day it was last week that we had Alexis McAllister. I think it was Thursday. If I'm remembering correctly, but seeing this SBC is reminding me, hopefully we get one transfer SBC per week at this stage. Now options that it could be James Madison, Jude Bellingham and cuckoo. Of course, there's a lot of names that we could get for transfer player SBCs. One thing I will say is McAllister was in the EFC trailer. Maybe that helps the other guys that we saw in there. That's the names that just rattled off there. I don't know if in cuckoo is in the trailer, but at least Bellingham and Madison were maybe those guys have a higher chance of getting a transfer card. I don't know, but hopefully we get more transfer player SBCs soon. Watch out for the leaks guys because right now it's just a bit quiet on the leak front. We actually do not have anything at the moment in terms of player SBC leaks. But again, since it's been the tail end here of the end of FIFA as FIFA 23 comes to a close, it really feels like the leaks have slowed down. I don't know what the reasoning for that is, but it definitely feels like we're not getting as much information information ahead of time. And if we do, it's kind of like an hour or two or three hours before the SBC drops. So it's not like a ton of time to prepare. And you know, we could have a player SBC today. Today also it could just be an upgrade pack day. 81 or 82 plus player picks out a hundred percent expect to see on the game today. Hopefully they dropped a big ones.  Why not?  Golds still actually golds aren't that expensive, that crafting upgrade. Since we didn't get one yesterday, golds are down. I would definitely take a look at some common golds today. 350 for those. If you want to do some player picks, try to hit yourself, a level up team two card. Try to go for one of those and at least give yourself a shot in the Nunez or a Martinelli or even if you just want to try to pack like somebody like Tiago Jello. So you don't have to buy them or something like that. Today might be a good time to do that and golds have not been as cheap for a hot minute. So I would definitely keep an eye on those and maybe pick up a few of those because that would be a great pickup before a player pick SBC were to come today. And regardless, a triple 80 plus pack when golds are 350 coins, that is phenomenal value for this right now. That is crazy value with the cards that we have in packs. The fact you can upgrade them, that's amazing. So I would definitely stock your club if you have any aspirations of doing any upgrade packs this week on this game. Now speaking of upgrade packs, last week we had one dropped on Monday. That was the 83 times 25 as a part of level up team number one. Something like that is going to come today. I really hope it's the 83 times 25 again. Like literally just do that again. Yeah, I know the pack weight on those was kind of mid, but it was at least a pretty big pack. And there was interest there at least on my side of things because it wasn't that expensive. And in 83 times 25 when you only had to turn in two squads, like you're turning in 22 players to get 25 back. That is a gamble that I would much rather take than turning in 25 players to get like five back for an 85 five or something if they were to do an SBC for that. So an 83 times 10, 85 times 10, maybe maybe an 85 times 10 as a singular non-repeatable SBC. I doubt that, but it's a little early for the 85 times 10, but maybe an 83 times 25, 84, 10, something along those lines. Another upgrade pack like that I would assume is going to come out today as well. So maybe you watch your lower tier fodder not saying lower tier fodder is going to go up. Really right now fodder is still just kind of going up on the higher tier because we had the refresh of that SBC yesterday of the 93 plus player pick. And then we've got, of course, more people doing the icon pack. Now Benzema is 28,000 coins. How did 91s move yesterday? Let me see, from 26K up to 30. Where's my guy De Bruyne? I still haven't sold my Kevin De Bruyne is yet. I think I maybe have about 15, 20 of them, maybe even 25. He is 28,000 coins. I'm probably going to see if he can go a bit higher today into the week as the Week in League rewards are being opened and the tradable supply is slowing down. Your fodder should, I think, go up a little bit during the week this week. Tots cards, man. Tots cards were the real move. You could have picked those up at about 20,000 coins and all of those now look to be about 27K. Is that, is that true? 27K for Tots cards? Man, fodder moving in July. It's crazy, but hey, it is. That's right, 27,000 coins. So GGs, if you picked up any of that, 89, 88, 89 or 90 rated fodder, 90s, man. 90s might have been the best return on your investment. VVD was like 18, 19K, I think. Maybe 20K flat and now he's 28,000 coins. Big W rise there. It would have to take another player, SBC like a McAllister, but with a lot of hype to really move fodder that much more. It was probably honestly bonus. I forgot about that 93 plus shape here if there's pick refreshing. That was kind of like bonus. Honestly, that that refresh, that helps out your fodder a good amount. So I'm on list of these de Bruins for Lazies at like 30K. I'll probably do some of this tomorrow. This was just easy coins I knew when I saw his price at 22K. After he was out of packs last week, I think people were like listing his card up, trying to get out of the investment or whatever it was because he was lower than all the other gold 91s by like three or 4,000 coins the other night. So I picked up about 20 of him. I've currently got a Nunez. I think I mentioned that and I did buy a Chalmeni as well. So we're going to try to flip that Chalmeni. He did really well yesterday in the morning, but I sold too early. And what is right now 1.3 flat. Yeah, look, he's going to start getting around. He's going to start rising the Real Madrid links here. There's a lot of popularity. There's a lot of hype and I don't like flipping cards. They're that expensive just because there's so much tax, but this card, I don't mind. I really don't mind. I think people are going out and getting this one done and I should have picked up a Tiago Jaloh at like 32K because he's probably going to be like 40 or 42 this morning into the day on Monday just because that's a card that I would expect to rise up a little bit. We still got 3.6 mil in the tank. I was going to buy Renato because I'm not done with him yet, but I didn't like the price. I really didn't. Renato is really, really rare though. He's probably going to go to like 4 mil and then he's going to hopefully drop back down to about 3.5 at some point soon. I got to buy him today though to get some more objectives done and get some more games played. But yeah, that's kind of the state of this game at the moment, man. So much gameplay grind. It just, it's stuck in the life out of me a little bit. I will say this, doing co-op with the bros, that is a blast. All right, co-op with the bros is an absolute blast. We'll be doing probably some more of that today. I am 9 out of 12. We'll open this pack right now. 9 out of 12 on the daily login. So I got to make sure I do those the rest of the week so we can go 12 of 12 and get that done. But actually co-op rivals has been some of the most fun gameplay that I've had in a long time, just playing with the lads recently. So I'm excited to do a little bit of that again this week. And man, we got to say this before we open this pack. These menus are absolutely atrocious. I don't know what other game is taking up EA server capacity right now. I don't know what is going on. Oh baby, let's go. Who do we got here? Portuguese, send her back. Hey, just pack him. You don't have to buy him. There we go, man. Jago Jalo. Boom, straight into my objective team. But as I was saying, these menus are absolutely awful, bro. I don't know what it is right now, but they are horrific. So I'm going to put that Jago Jalo on my team and it's going to take me probably a hold on a couple minutes to do that because the menus are so slow. But guys, we have some EA FC videos coming soon. I'm trying to make a lot of content as much as I possibly can around that stuff because we got some pretty cool stuff coming, some pretty cool news and some official EA released information. I think coming on Tuesday, according to the leaks, that was the one leak that I believe we did have yesterday. It was from FIFA U team. And I think this leak makes sense. I think this leak makes a lot of sense. He said, these guys tweeted out FC24 gameplay deep dive trailer on July 18th at 4 p.m. UK time. I think that makes a lot of sense and I would, we'll be on on Tuesday at that time, or at least right around that time to look at the gameplay deep dive trailer, to look at the pitch notes more importantly because we can learn a lot more from that than necessarily watching the video. So that's some FC news that is upcoming and we have to look forward to. And just hopefully for some news this week for footies, man, bring the pink cards, bring the hype, I'll turn the background lights pink. We'll get it popping up in here and we'll have some nice color for cards with some big stat moves, stat upgrades and maybe skill of upgrades as well to add to our ultimate team. So if you enjoyed the video today, drop a thumbs up on a comment down below if you have any questions and of course subscribe if you're new, see you guys in the stream today. Later today for some upgrade packs and a little bit more of Renato grinding. Again, I appreciate you guys watching the videos. I appreciate all the support and I'll see you guys in the stream today. It's been Nate for the count and catch you guys there. Peace out.


In the previous lecture, we took up the problem of biased random walk in the presence of an absorber. You continue to discuss one-dimensional situation and for this problem of a biased random walker who has slight asymmetry in moving to the left or to the right, we found an exact solution for the occupancy probability W n m b 4 the biased random walker in the presence of an absorber and that expression is 1 plus gamma divided by 1 minus gamma to the power m minus m naught by 2 into 1 minus gamma square to the power n by 2 multiplied by W n 0 evaluated at m minus m naught minus W n 0 evaluated at m plus m naught where this W n 0 the 0 specifically denoting a free walker starting from m naught that is why it is m minus m naught and the second expression is the free walker starting from from the point minus m naught it is actually a virtual free walker. Gamma is the asymmetry factor or the bias factor m naught is the starting point of the walker to the right of the bias. So, this is the expression we derived it is an exact expression valid for values of gamma lying between 0 to 1 and any m naught or any m of course, they are all positive here because we are talking of half side of the real line. We also set a set about to evaluate the asymptotics of this solution the reason being that it is easy to handle to the asymptotic equation and find some general features of the solution then work with the exact numbers. So, exact distribution. So, in that process we assumed the situation for large n and small gamma. So, that we keep gamma to the first or second order as the case may be, but not higher orders. So, we then easily can see that 1 plus gamma by 1 minus gamma to the power m minus m naught by 2 will go as e to the power gamma of m minus m naught and similarly 1 minus gamma square to the power n by 2 will vary as e to the power minus gamma square n by 2. So, and then the third asymptotic form which we already know is the W it is the W n the free particle free particle occupancy probability function W n m which we had seen has a form 2 by pi n e to the power minus m square by 2 n. We have done it several times. So, we can now combine all these 3 expressions by suitably replacing m with m minus m naught for the first term on the right hand side and m plus m naught for the second term on the right hand side and obtain the asymptotics for the case of a bias that is W n d plus absorber at site m will vary now as e to the power gamma of m minus m naught minus gamma square by 2 n. Then we have the difference terms where we should remember it will be square root of 2 by pi n and e to the power minus m minus m naught whole square divided by 2 n here minus e to the power minus m plus m naught whole square divided by 2 n here. So, this is a asymptotic form supposedly valid for n much larger than 1. One can of course, work with this and find the properties it satisfies all the main conditions that we had imposed such as when m equal to 0 when m equal to 0 here for example, you put m equal to 0 then this term of course, will evaluate easily, but here you can see that when m equal to 0 this is e to the power plus m naught square and this is e to the power minus m minus of again plus m naught square the terms will cancel satisfying our required condition that automatically satisfies W n 0 equal to 0 b plus a b s. And we also in discuss the implication of a condition called the absorption boundary condition. We can now go a step further rather than use discrete step lengths or step variables m and n, step as well as a site variables n and m we can go pass over to the continuous variables x and time. So, passing over to continuous variables x comma t with our usual conversion formulae that is x is nothing, but m into l where l is the mean inter lattice distance. Similarly, t equal to n into tau where tau is the jump time and defining the new quantity d equal to l square by 2 tau. Effectively characterizing a quantity called the diffusion coefficient and further now for gamma we introduce a new concept called the velocity of flow. This is very important we will use the notation capital U velocity that will be defined as it is of course, proportional to gamma, but in terms of the scales that we have used it will be 2 d by l dimensionally if d is meter square per second and l is meter the dimension this dimension is going to be meter per second. So, it stands as mean velocity of the biased random walk. The physical meaning is that while the jump process strictly the left and right jump if we probable process half represents a diffusion that slight bias factor gamma should therefore, represent a steady motion in a particular direction. If gamma is positive it is motion is in the positive direction gamma is negative that steady motion is in the negative direction. Either way therefore, it should correspond to velocity when we pass over to the continuous variables. Hence we introduce this concept U one more parameter into the problem. It is a very important transformation we have done. So, with this we can arrive at an expression now or further of course, W m n that passes over to a continuous distribution W xt by the same method of dividing by the inter particle distance inter lattice distance, but making the allowance for the fact that it is always a unit of 2 n plus m oddness and evenness being maintained. So, with that we can obtain an expression for W xt as follows because we can go back and see that wherever m is there we are going to use x by l here wherever m the quantity m will be replaced by x by l n will be replaced by t by tau etcetera then naturally diffusion coefficients and velocities will come out as a result of which we are going to have the following expression. That is hence W xt can be written as e to the power u into x minus x naught divided by 4 d minus u square t by 4 d that gamma square getting replaced as u square here and then here it will be as the diffusion equivalent term x minus x naught square by 4 d t minus e to the power minus of x plus x naught whole square by 4 d t valid for all x comma t greater than 0. This is a half sided problem. So, we have to remember that it is valid for x comma t greater than 0 and also of course, x naught also greater than 0. One can actually plot this function now very easily because it is now just in terms of exponentials. We have also have to insert the term square root of 4 pi d t the denominator which basically is the square root of 2 by pi n term gets replaced with this. One can evaluate the occupancy probabilities at various times with this and this satisfies once again the important boundary condition that at x equal to 0 the W is 0 and so is it when x when x naught equal to 0. It also implies a certain effect of a steady motion which modifies the distribution significantly we can always plot it. Now the quantity of interest as we mentioned is the survival probability. So, once we have an expression for the occupancy probability we can evaluate the survival probability that is the probability that the random walker this is equal to the probability that the random walker has not been absorbed till time t it is a function of time. Alternatively it is the cumulative probability of finding the particles is somewhere along the positive side of the lattice. Alternatively also it is equivalent to the cumulative probability of finding the random walker somewhere lattice x greater than 0. So, we use the second definition which means s t equal to 0 to infinity W x t dx that is the total probability of finding the particles anywhere on the positive side at any time t. So, this integral is somewhat one has to do it very carefully. We can write here considering this expression now we have e to the power minus u square t by 4 d term which has nothing to do with space. So, we can take it out and insert the remaining terms inside then it will have the form e to the power minus u square t by 4 d divided by 4 pi dt will stand out and then it will be an integral there will be 2 different integrals. So, first integral will be 0 to infinity e to the power u x minus x naught by 4 d minus x minus x naught whole square by 4 d t over dx and the second integral similarly will be 0 to infinity e to the power u x minus x this is a common thing divided by 4 d into e to the power minus here it will be x plus x naught whole square by 4 d t dx and the bracket will close. So, you have 2 integrals to be evaluated. Now we can see that this both the integrals here there can be converted into a complete Gaussian integrals because here also it is x minus x naught here also it is x minus x naught. So, you can just combine them some residual will be there which will factorize out it will not include Gaussian. So, basically you can write it as a integral of a x square plus b x plus c type. The same thing we carried out here also although it is x plus x naught eventually as a function of x it can be written in a quadratic form and we know the all integrals of the quadratic form are either in terms of error functions or in terms of probability integrals they are called differently or in terms of complementary error functions and these are all related quantities. We as far as possible we will stick to the convention of using error function which we have defined once and we continue to use it. With the little reworking of these integrals one can arrive at the following form of the solutions and it can easily be checked that is half of 1 plus error function of x naught plus ut divided by 4 dt minus e to the power minus u x naught by d into 1 plus again error function of ut minus x naught by 4 dt it closes here. So, carefully if you look at we have an error function whose argument is x naught plus ut divided by 4 dt. So, it is basically a point which is moving along with the average velocity. So, x naught plus ut increases as time increases and there is another function which includes basically minus x naught plus ut. So, it is like a mirror image also moving in the positive direction. But the second term however is modulated by the existence of a time which does not existence of a term which does not depend on time e to the power minus u x naught by d. So, all these have implications and then it is basically the whole thing is expressed as an error function and for completeness here we once again define our error function as 2 by root pi 0 to z e to the power minus let us use the word some some some other variable let us say y square dy where y is just a dummy variable. So, this is this expression for survival probability for the 1D random walker. Let us look at the properties if you put a t equal to 0 s 0 we should get 1 because to begin with the random walker is surviving. So, e to the power x naught by dt and here it will be this term for example, if you put t equal to 0 it will be minus infinity. Here it is plus infinity because see if you put as a t goes to 0 the denominator 1 by root t has a will tend to infinity. So, it will be r infinity is plus 1. So, 1 plus 1 is 2 whereas, this in the second term when you put t equal to 0 it will be minus x naught divided by t. So, it will go as 1 by root t which is r minus infinity r minus infinity is minus 1 error function is an antisymmetric function it is an odd function.  So, this will become 1 minus 1 0 the second one vanishes the first one becomes 1 plus 1 divided by 2 and hence s 0 becomes 1 as required. Now the interesting point is the limit t equal to infinity when t tends to infinity as we can see and if u is positive then the first term becomes r f of plus infinity. So, 1 remains. So, 1 plus 1 2 divided by 2 becomes 1.  So, 1 minus e to the power minus u x naught by d. So, there is a certain survival probability at infinity if u is greater than 0.  So, we obtain very interesting bifurcation result starting from a simple one dimensional biased random walker in the presence of an absorber. Two kinds of survival exist depending on whether u is greater than 0 or less than 0. Once when we go back we note that our velocity that we have introduced is actually a measure of the bias of the random walker gamma as we can see from this expression. u being positive means gamma is positive and gamma is p minus q from our earlier derivations that means, p is greater than q which means the walker tends to has a slight excess probability of jumping towards the right as opposed to the left which is equivalent to a steady velocity moving away from the absorber. So, when the random walker has a steady probability of moving away from the absorber then he has a survival probability which is finite 1 minus e to the power minus u x naught by d is that survival probability where u is positive. The closer x naught is to the absorber survival probability will be smaller and smaller because he will be he could be absorbed, but further away he starts from the absorber x naught more and larger and larger the survival probability will be closer to unity. However, when u is negative he is actually effectively moving towards the absorber on an average and is the probability of survival becomes 0. So, this is a very useful result it has actually many practical applications we will discuss it shortly. Thank you.


So Penny you we discussed about the US. I think the US has been one of the key drivers and shapers of global trades in 1945 has been at the beginning of 44 beginning of the Bretton Woods Conference and bringing the world together trying to Define some rules of the game now lately. We have seen that these rules of the game have changed or are changing You have been looking at that for many years from different vantage points from corporate from government So what's your view on geopolitics and trade and what can be done today also in the light of what will happen next year? Great. Well, thank you. So I believe trade is a force for good And I'm so pleased to be here today because I can actually say the word trade Which you can't really say in Washington DC at the moment everything's supply chains Economic security other issues, but we don't really talk about trade Earlier today. We saw some fantastic slides and some presentations about how trade has contributed to global wealth creation and we've also seen how trade has been impactful at helping poverty decline Globally because the lowest 25% of our populations are the ones that are most impacted by the regressive trade policies Like tariffs and non-tariff barriers that go into effect when COVID-19 hit People suddenly had to grapple with the fact that everything wasn't available Instantaneously, I know I had to deal with my kids who didn't understand why they couldn't get exactly what they wanted Exactly at that moment because of the overwhelming but slightly odd demands. We all had during that period trade and supply chains were actually quite resilient during COVID-19 and while we may not have been able to get the hair Clippers we needed or the peloton machines or some of the other things that all of us wanted when we were at home Making bread and trying to do jobs and educate children at the same time Supply chains generally Adjusted because international trade and the rules generally worked and I think that that is not understood or appreciated enough by folks What people have focused on are some of the export controls and export restrictions that went into place Some of the port issues that arose the hard Infrastructure issues that arose because it is people that are behind the movement of goods And when people can't get to their jobs because of COVID it does bollocks up things a little bit And then there was also in some cases really extreme demand for things that we had to retool Factories and other things to do So when I think about the geopolitics and when I look forward, I think what impacts Is really coming into the fore is the lack of trust that developed coming out of this So while trade moved relatively well There was some distrust that came up building on what had been developing over time already But it really I think came to the fore coming out of COVID-19 and you can particularly see that around the vaccine issue particularly in the global south so That's resulted in a whole lot of supply chain resilience groups being developed and a whole lot of other things that are going on But that current geopolitical situation and the tensions that are there between some of the big countries is Really leading to these debates as you've pointed out about de-globalization Reglobalization or or maybe everything is just a lot of Hot air that we're there we're talking about and nothing's really changing I Think trade is like water it finds its way around the rocks and the river But there are ways to control Guide Sometimes damn water, but as long as there is demand or gravity The water will continue to flow and what we're seeing now is governments trying to control the flows of trade in ways that I think Were pointed out earlier using export controls using sanctions using indirect means using investments Outbound investment regimes and other regimes all of that is coming to the fore to try to control where we are today so as a result I think trade is becoming more regional both physically and cultural and so Let me turn now a bit to where we are in the US. So There was a great piece last week. It was a comedy skit On a show in the United States called Saturday Night Live And it was a skit about George Washington trying to rally the troops to fight for life Liberty and the pursuit of the Americans ability to use their own series of weights and measures and it went through a whole discussion about how the Americans wanted to use kind of irrational Slightly random weights and measures whether it be Fahrenheit whether it be pounds whether it be tons whether it be any of the measures we use in the United States and it pointed out how We wanted to be able to do Exactly what we wanted to do and even though it wasn't a hundred percent rational That was what our goal was and I think sometimes when I look at our trade policy It reminds me of how Americans have adopted our series of weights and measures in the United States It's not always in our best interest, but by gosh, we're gonna do it so Jake Sullivan recently published a piece in foreign affairs talking about our current US foreign policy And where we're going to reestablish us leadership, but he didn't mention trade once in the piece If you look at other US government publications, they've pretty much stopped mentioning exports as well So for the Biden administration Global leadership is back and there really are trying to rebuild friendships with people around the world but They're also trying to grow the US economy as they say from the middle out the bottom up and That seems to be taking precedence in terms of how they're approaching our international economic relations So they're trying to develop a whole series of new economic tools that will help them to deepen these Relationships with countries, but not sacrifice the middle class. So we see things like I path This week. They're doing the America's leaders summit All of which are tools that are generally not binding Do not fall under any kind of enforcement mechanism and Frankly, it may not be durable if the administration changes in a year's time so Very innovative trying to be very creative, but at the end of the day Unclear how durable these new things they're developing are gonna be The WTO has been largely ignored and neglected by the administration and we can see that where it is That may be the best-case scenario for the WTO at the moment is that as we we look forward And as we also look forward, there's a heavy focus on manufacturing and you had the chart on good on goods but Services is a huge part of the US economy and services does continue to grow But the administration made some kind of surprising announcements last week about digital trade that I think were quite confusing given I think Where the US is on digital trade? So people are asking will a Biden 2.0 be more open to trade I'm I'm not convinced if you look at Biden's record as a senator and his voting record You will see that he's got a very mixed record with regards to trade And I know a lot of people are pinning hopes that maybe Biden if he stays on or wins reelection Will do something ambitious. I just don't I'm not convinced that that's where we're going And I think that where we are today is probably the best-case scenario for the US with regards to trade Let me conclude with companies So I think what became also really clear out of this is that companies didn't know where all their risk were and risk Generally companies you can scenario plan risk or generally not what the last crisis was It's something new usually something that surprises you and while it might occasionally be a black swan What hits you is usually something that's within your control so supply chains were an issue not necessarily because of other things but because Didn't really rise to the C-suite in the past So so being able and sitting down and doing creative scenario planning Looking at some of the issues in a much more thoughtful way I think are really important for companies and I know others on this panel will be discussing some of the specifics around how to do that Moving forward so with that I could like to conclude. Thank you Nicholas for the time and thank you all in the audience I know we're post lunch. It's always the hardest lot to have at a conference. So thank you for your attention Thank you very much Penny and we'll try to be as into interesting and entertaining as possible to overcome post lunch inertia I think just on this last point which you mentioned it's interesting I met one with the CEO and maybe he has a very focused view of the world But he said to me, you know, it's interesting because I have three new topics on my agenda the last ten years So ten years ago digital appeared on my agenda five years ago Sustainability appeared on my agenda and geopolitics appeared on my agenda on February 24th laugh of last year Which I found interesting that this is kind of a five-year increment and he and And that's also something which we see that this kind of geopolitical muscle needs to be developed


So you want to become a millionaire don't you? Let's be honest a lot of us want to become a millionaire probably everybody out there watching this video including my buddy Bob back here you want to become a millionaire? Well I know a lot of you guys want to become millionaires in the simplest way you can do that is using a Roth IRA to your advantage so we're going to be talking about what a Roth IRA is and how you can start one and why should you start one in this video so let's get into it. So basically guys all a Roth IRA is is a retirement account vehicle that allows you to put in post income tax money money you already paid your taxes on into this account where it can grow income tax free meaning the money you put in all the compound interest that you gain from that money the dividends all those years of growth once you pull that money out you don't have to pay a single dime to Uncle Sam in taxes so the one restriction here is you can't take out your money until you are 59 and a half years old so let's say you're 22 years old you're going to have 37 years of straight up income tax free growth if you start contributing right now into your Roth IRA and the limit for how much you can contribute per year is $6,000 right now in 2019 so this is something super important and let me expand on this a bit so let's say you started out your account with that $6,000 limit that you can contribute up until you're 50 and let me just add this in while we're at it when you're over 50 you can contribute actually $1,000 more to $7,000 so $7,000 is the limit when you're over 50 but if you're under 50 $6,000 is as much as you can contribute per year to a Roth IRA so let's say your current principal right now is $6,000 and you're maxing it out every single year putting in the additional $6,000 let's see how long it's going to take you to become a millionaire simply with a Roth IRA so let's say you're putting in $6,000 per year you're maxing it out let's see how much you're going to have in 20 years compounded annually let's say a very simple attainable 7% interest rate so in 20 years your money is going to grow to $286,000 409 and 17 cents here and let's say you're 22 years old right now you start your Roth IRA and you start to maximize the contributions and you have 37 and a half years until you can take out that money at a 7% interest rate compounded annually how much are you going to have in this case you're going to have $1.1 million simply by putting in your money into a Roth IRA $6,000 per year at a 7% rate and let's say you're a good investor and above average investor and you're making 12% you're going to have something more like $4 million so this is the power of compound interest growing your money at a tax free rate with a Roth IRA account so when you're investing with a Roth IRA you can pick different stocks index funds ETFs within that account that is the Roth IRA when I first started investing years back I thought the investment itself was the Roth IRA but that is just the investment vehicle right so I want to make this point clear to you guys all it is is an investment vehicle it's an account where you make investments in it right you can pick stocks let's say for example you can pick Apple Johnson and Johnson Coca-Cola Pepsi you know blue chip companies that pay dividends you can really pick whatever you want within that account and that money the gains the dividends the compound interest grows tax-free so let's talk about some more benefits so a Roth IRA is actually super beneficial to those that are young right people that are young and they're not making as much money as let's say an older person right let's say you're 20 years old and you're only making $30,000 per year you're obviously going to be in the lower income tax bracket right you're not going to be paying as much taxes that's some as somebody that's making $100,000 per year and this means that you can invest more of your money let's say you're paying 15% in taxes that post tax income you can put it into the Roth IRA and you can take advantage of this tax-free compound growth at a young age and let's say you start to rise up the corporate ladder you're going to start making more money you're going to let's say make $100,000 per year you're obviously not going to have as much money to invest because Uncle Sam is knocking at your door hey hey there Uncle Sam I'm here to take more money you're going to be paying more money in taxes right so a couple of more things I need to mention here about the Roth IRA there are some limits so if you're making let's say really the limit is $120,000 if you're making more than that you can't contribute to a Roth IRA because that is the income limit for a single person but let's say you're married the income limit I believe off the top of my head is around $195,000 so if you and your spouse are making more than that combined you can't contribute to a Roth IRA but there is an option for you guys out there called a backdoor Roth IRA which is something that you should go do some research on if you do make more money than those limits I'm not going to be talking about that in this video because it's a little bit more complicated a little bit more in depth and I want this to be more of a simple video so those are some limits to a Roth IRA and let's talk about some more so another thing worth noting with a Roth IRA is if you need that money if you need to withdraw some of that money you can actually withdraw the money you contributed without paying a penalty and without paying additional income tax you just can't take out any of the interest any of the growth on that money out without paying a penalty right so let's say if you're under 59 and a half you're not at the age where you can withdraw the money and you want to take it all out you're going to have to pay a fat penalty I think it's about 10% and you're also going to have to pay additional income tax on that money which completely just destroys the entire point of starting a Roth IRA account so that's pretty much the gist of what a Roth IRA is in under 10 minutes guys and let me just do a quick rerun for all you that stuck to the end of this video so I can really nail it in your head so all a Roth IRA is again is a tax advantage retirement account where you pay income tax up front you pay you know income tax on your money and you put post income tax money into this account where it can grow completely tax-free where you can withdraw that money liquidate the account at 59 and a half years old without paying a dime to Uncle Sam so if you are a young person out there watching this video I highly recommend you to open up a Roth IRA account you can do it with Fidelity you can do it with Vanguard TD Ameritrade there are a bunch of different companies out there that offer this investment vehicle and again it's an investment vehicle it's not the investment itself and you can buy stocks and grow this money 100 income tax-free so you can retire when you're 59 and a half even if you retire before that you will have the peace of mind that when you turn 59 and a half you're going to have a couple a million dollars in that account completely tax-free if you did invest your money right if you did the research and you continued putting in the maximum throughout your entire life so I hope you guys did enjoy this video if you did feel free to go down below and hit that like button it really does support me and supports the channel in general if you have any suggestions any comments leave them down below in the comment section are you currently invested with the Roth IRA do you have a 401k what type of retirement account do you use if any let me know down below in the comment section if you're new to the channel and you stuck this long and you enjoyed the content feel free to go down below you see that big red button hit that red button is the subscribe button guys you'll be able to see all the videos for me I make videos on the stock market every single day trading updates stock market updates stock market tips investing personal finance all of these different things that is what this channel is about and if you guys want to be a part of our community there are two links down below one being the discord group chat and the other one being the facebook group both of those are 100 free we're talking about investing trading in the stock market stock news you know long-term investing stuff like this so if you're interested in that feel free to hop in there down below again I appreciate all of you guys watching have a great one peace out


Like, strategy-wise, I think there's more to it. I mean, if you look at it, right, I've worked with Eddick for, you know, six years now, and seven almost, right? And I've learned a lot from him personally. I mean, he's a great technologist, first and foremost. And as a result, he's a great role model for, you know, I mean, six years ago, I was a study-eyed kid, you know, doing stuff, and, you know, there are lots of people like that, right? So it's actually great to work with somebody like Eddick, because at first and foremost, he's a great technologist. And you get a lot in the lot by working with people like Eddick. He understands the chessboard. Exactly. And he's playing the poker match at the same time. So this is what's going on. I mean, it's a rapidly growing market right now on all levels, the infrastructure. So it's challenging, you know. So the question I have is, there's no question you guys have rapidly moved from a number two, far behind Cloudera, coming out of Yahoo. But the expertise was a deep bench. That's well documented. We talked about it. You guys also kind of change your tune a little bit on the mojo. Like, hey, we're not fighting Cloudera. We're collaborating. And that was a great, it's always kind of been that way, but the press tried to create something there. Yeah, I mean, it's understandable.  Well, that's what the press wants. Yeah, that's what they use, right? Yeah. I don't blame people for that. But even if you went back to Eddick's keynote last year, right, essentially his message was, if you want to work in Apache Group, you're going to be a friend of Hardenworks, right? That's the bottom line. You all understand that if this platform doesn't go anywhere and it's all stuck in fighting or whatever it is, at the end of the day, we all survive when Apache Group does well. So as a result, I think everybody understands that we've got to work together. We've got to take this platform, make it better and better and better over time.  We'd like to see it around for 60 or 100 or whatever it is. So it's going to take time to make sure. Well, it's clear you guys are, it's clear that everyone wanted to see that you guys come out with your GA product, Hadoop data platform, what's your move, right? So it moves pretty clear. It's pretty obvious. 100% all in on the technology. 100% open source. All money goes towards development, period. Hadoop, Apache, 100%. On the business side, it's pretty specific. Create bulletproof, enterprise grade, quality, OEM deals. Stable, reliable, OEM is the right word. Business deals with the big guys. And let that be the pull. Yeah, and we also talk to a whole bunch of individual customers here in the fortune, 5, 10, whatever you name it. But we feel like this is the easiest way for the enterprises as a whole. Our deals with the big partners, right? We feel like that's the easiest way for Hadoop to actually get real use cases, real pull in enterprise in sort of knocking doors one by one, right? I mean, we've been doing that one by knock doors one by one, but we feel by partnering with people like Microsoft and Teradata, we can actually take this technology and make it much more prevalent in a significantly smaller time frame. Yeah, I mean, we commented, wrote in my blog post that you guys are putting everyone on notice with this disruptive technology. But at the end of the day, the big guys need help, because they're, I mean, I don't want to say you guys are small potatoes compared to what they're doing, but in a way, from a dollar standpoint, the revenue that EMC and IVM-HB are doing are off the charts. I mean, you're a rounding error in terms of what they could do in terms of revenue. We want to change that. So, but the disruption you're providing in their market is significant. So, I think you guys are creating such a cost reduction of data store and data warehousing that they're eventually going to need to reposition their products. Microsoft, for example, huge risk in the IT side.  It's so big. So, for Azure to kind of bundle in with you guys is a smart move, but you guys got to be ready. So, talk about the product. So, as you guys launched it, why those features you guys announced that provisioning I noticed was interesting, that's a key thing, and the age catalog. So, can you talk about those two products? Why specifically those two? So, I mean, clearly, let's talk one by one, right? So, on body, you know, the first step anybody needs to do is, you know, install how to manage it, monitor it. And our feeling, I mean, we've talked about it in the past, right? I mean, our game plan always has been we want to do stuff in the open. We want to use, you know, we want to put all the code in the open so that there's no people are not worried about proprietary bits and so on, right? And more importantly, we also want to have open interfaces so that you can interact with, you know, Hadoop, the whole Hadoop stack. And also we want to use open technologies available. We don't want to be reinventing the wheel.   That's the ecosystem picked out, actually.   That just doesn't work, right? So what I'd like to do is keep Hadoop open, keep Hadoop useful enough that people can also integrate with their existing stuff. And as they see value, they'll, you know, you want to work on the core, basically what you're saying, core. Core and also make sure that we integrate with, you know, your existing tech, whether it's databases, you know, that's, you know, what we did with Teradata and Aster for Edge Catalog. This allows us to actually integrate Hadoop in a very nice, clean way. And it's a very simple way, which is what we're all about, right? In a simple way, in your existing stuff and existing enterprise technology, so you can, you continue to get value out of your investments while you get, you know, a good force multiplier, if you will, with Hadoop out of it. The metadata is a big message, too, with H Catalog, I think a lot of people are kind of overlooking the importance of the metadata services. Absolutely. And we talked about Doug cutting about Avro. We just found out that Sam, ex-Cloud era labs guy, so this company of Twitter is working on some stuff open source in Avro. That whole notion of cataloging out metadata, where do you see that going? Because that's something that developers want. They don't want to have to recode everything over again and embed code in code. Absolutely, I mean, it's not just the developers, but also, you know, your tools, right? Your tools don't want to understand where it's an HDFS, for example, because they've been built with certain assumptions in mind. And also at the end of the day, like I said, the developer wants to think in terms of data sets. He doesn't want to think in terms of directories or files, right? You want to think, oh, I have a data set which represents my monthly revenue for July, right? Not, this is slash foo slash bar, whatever, right? So this way, you know, people are, we want to make it easy so that you take an existing knowledge, existing experience, and allow that to Hadoop to actually get much more benefit from Hadoop. Otherwise, it's going to take us, you know, the next six, seven, eight years before people understand the stuff, because frankly, as technology is new, it takes time, right? I mean, every technology adoption curve is thought. So we want to be able to make it simple and easy for people to actually take their existing knowledge and experience and use Hadoop in that context without having to learn a whole new stuff, a whole new lot of stuff. Edge catalog, like I said, one of the interesting stuff is, you know, the way you can now think of tables, the tables could be in edge space, the tables could, the actual data could be in edge space, could be in a database, it could be in HDFS itself, but by allowing this notion of a table at a metadata level, you can actually integrate all the existing apps without worrying about now what do you do when data moves from one place to another and so on? Which is actually some, we've got some really great validation for that in the market. I mean, we're excited about the work we did with Aster, our data, on SQL Edge. So there's a whole bunch of work we've been doing and you can actually expect more of that. Cool. Let's talk about MapReduce 2.0 or Next Gen MapReduce, as it's called. So, you know, we've heard, it's kind of in the alpha phase at this point, but explain to our audience really what it's all about. Right. So, I mean, if you look at Hadoop MapReduce, Hadoop today, right, you have two essential parts. One is the HDFS, which is a data storage layer, and you have MapReduce, which is the data processing layer. Now, unfortunately, what's happened is if you want to process data in HDFS and you're going to have, you know, mass amounts of data in HDFS, your only option was MapReduce, right? Now MapReduce, the programming model, is great for a whole bunch of use cases. You know, I've worked in MapReduce for almost six and a half years now. I really like it. But along the way, you know, it's pretty obvious that MapReduce is not a penacea, right? It's going to take the right set of use cases and not all use cases can be broken down into a MapReduce paradigm, right? So, our effort along MR2, or we call Yarn at this point, is essentially a way for us to take Hadoop and generalize it so that you now have the option to run, you know, different data processing applications in the same Hadoop cluster, right? It doesn't have to be limited to MapReduce. You know, today it could be open MPI, tomorrow it could be real-time data processing, you know, day after it could be, you know, graph processing, right-hand processing. What we're trying to do is essentially generalize the infrastructure of Hadoop to the point where you get much more return on the investment, right? People are not going to be comfortable buying a $5 million Hadoop cluster just to do MapReduce and another $2 million cluster to do something else. If you can allow them to run both apps in the same cluster, it's not only easier for you in terms of a CAPIX perspective or OPIX perspective, it also is easier from an operational perspective. You don't have to have two different sets of people monitoring a cluster or two different sets of tools monitoring a cluster and so on, right? So this way we think that allowing both of these to run in the same Hadoop cluster is a big win for the whole ecosystem and you'll actually see some of the work we've been doing with our partners to actually show up to see, you know, really cool applications which will show up on MapReduce on Hadoop itself and that's exciting from where I stand. Right, so what are some of those applications? What are some of the possibilities that are going to be available to enterprises once MapReduce 2.0 really kind of comes to fruition? So one really good example is MPI, right?  So the essential, if you like an open MPI, right? It's one of the, you know, classic and well-known MPI programming APIs out there, right? So what this now means is you can take an open MPI application and point it instead of, you know, today open MPI can work with Slum or TARC or any existing resource managers. So you can now take over MPI and instead of pointing to TARC or Slum, you can point it to Yarn or MR2. And suddenly without your knowledge as a developer, you start using Hadoop for MPI processing, right? So it's actually a really useful way, a really useful way for people to start, you know, getting more value out of their Hadoop clusters without investing, I mean, frankly, it's almost, if they do our job well, it'll be zero investment, right? You have your open MPI app, you're using it with something else, just point it to Hadoop and it starts working, right? And that's a pretty, you know, strong feature set, if you will. So that's MPI. So we hope that should be available fairly soon. Then we have, you know, things like real-time data processing needs, right?  MapReduce is great at batch processing, not particularly so at real-time, but you guys probably saw the Storm talks or the S4 from Apache and so on. We're talking to a lot of people there. There's interest there to take their applications and port it so that it works on MR2 and you actually suddenly, you know, two days of, you know, two quarters from now, you're looking at, you know, seven, eight different apps running on the same Hadoop cluster along with MapReduce. That's actually significantly, that's significantly cool from where I stand, just as a technologist, but also great for, you know, from the, just for you. Talk about some of the other projects. So for the folks out here watching, Arun is the co-founder of Hortonworks. He's a tech geek. He's a developer. He's a part of the core team over there. Talk about the event here for the folks who are watching. They're on Twitter. They're going to Twitter Stream and watching our live stream. But outside of that media, there's, they want to know what's going on. Could you just quickly share the vibe here, the couple of sessions? What's the audience? You mentioned there's some business talk, but there's mostly developer focus all the way. Yeah.  There's so much technology here. It's really nice to be able to get to a place where, you know, just behind us, you see a whole bunch of people, you know, showing the stuff they've been integrating with Hadoop, building for Hadoop, or using Hadoop for. But there's also a whole bunch of people talking about how they're going to take Hadoop and improve it.  And it's really fun to look at these use cases and think, you know, it's kind of blows my mind. When we started on this six years ago, we had, you know, we had, we never saw this explosion. What's the most mind-blowing thing you've seen here at the event? At the event, I've unfortunately hadn't much time yet. Or just, you know, within the community. Yeah, giving more range. I've talked to a whole bunch of people who are using things like Hadoop and MapReduce to do genetic sequencing, right? What they're trying to do is, you know, come with personalized medicine based on you, right?  I mean, if you look at the opportunities it provides, it's, you know, it's mind-blowing and awesome, right? I mean, the fact that we can make such a difference to, you know, humans as a whole is actually insane from where I stand as a technologist. How about the most mind-blowing thing you've seen within the community of the code base? Is it NameNote? Is it some of the Avro? Is it Storm? What are some of the cool projects that you go, wow, I love that one. That's got a lot of potential.  That's not a surprise, but. Which one? MapReduce too. Okay, got it. But of course, you know, Edge Base is great. I mean, we see Edge Base everywhere. You know, big kudos to the community.  There's also things like S4 and Storm and all these things which are coming into the ecosystem and that's it. It's really exciting time to be in this ecosystem and see all these technologies being developed. You know, I'm not smart enough to build all of them but it's really cool to be able to learn from all these guys. But in the developer community, let's just talk global developer community from super, like we say with Edge Base with Todd, you know, the machine code to developer frameworks. In between that range of, I would call developer IQ, there's opportunities, right? What are you seeing in the developer landscape coming out of the Hadoop community? Tools, frameworks, we saw Spring, for example, had a lot of success selling to, say, VMware. Is there a framework around Hadoop that is going to be adopted that's the most traction? And then on the development side, what tools and what not is the most popular? If you look at, you know, the easiest way for things like MapReduce to be used in enterprise, right? I would say things like Hive and Pig are the big ones, right? You'd say, you know, SQL is something everybody's familiar with. SQL is something that a lot of, a whole lot of tools are familiar with, right? I mean, a lot of tools are built with SQL in mind. A lot of tools talk to SQL in the back end, right? So I would say things like Hive and Pig are some of the things we see all the time. And it's really exciting to be, you know, in this market to see, you know, what we can do from where I stand. I mean, I look at myself as, you know, like an assembly guy at this point, if you look at Hive or MapReduce, right? So I would look at myself as an assembly guy and I'm trying to figure out what are the tools I can provide to Pig or Hive? So it makes them better and faster and more efficient. And definitely, EdgeCat Log is in the same space. Yeah. So you're an assembly guy? Yeah. The hexadecimal is like your second language. Debugging registers in the old days. We actually had cobalt referenced on the queue earlier. That was the first, right? That was describing what, Hive or Pig? I forget what it was. Hive scripts, it's like writing cobalt, yeah. So. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about your partnering strategy. Yeah. You know, we see there's all the vendors out here that you're partnering with, some open source, some not. What, how important is that partner ecosystem, kind of building on top of Hadoop? How important is that to Hadoop success but Hortonworks success? I mean, frankly, we think of Hadoop success as being very closely tied to Hortonworks success, right? On the other hand, like I said, all the whole lot of enterprises have a whole lot of investments in existing vendors. You know, one of the things that really excites me about our partnership with Microsoft is, it opens up Hadoop to a whole new ecosystem, right? It's not just, you know, Windows is the operating system but it's a whole ecosystem you get with Microsoft. You know, whether it's Excel or PowerPoint or SharePoint, right? And by opening that up, the use cases we get, the whole, the new set of users we get is incredibly exciting. Same with our partnership with Teradata. I mean, Teradata is prevalent in so many data warehouses. The fact that we can take HTTP and, you know, Edge Catalog and all these components there integrate well with Teradata means that not only people get value out of it but we also learn a whole lot about how we can do better with Hadoop with our partners. So it's an exciting thing for us in terms of our partnerships. So you talked about, you know, getting more value out of your existing IT investments through Hadoop, through Hortonworks. But what about the potential for overlap? I mean, when you go into a company like Teradata where, you know, this is a long-time data warehousing vendor in the more traditional model and you come in and you say, well, we've got this new way to process tons of data that's inexpensive, it's scale out. So you're partnering with them now but is there some tension there or how do those conversations go?  I mean, Teradata has been in this business for a long time. They understand the use case that Hadoop is great at. We understand the use case that Teradata is great at. So we are fortunate to be working with them and at the end of the day, it's a win-win situation for both Hadoop and Teradata and for the customer. As a result, we're very happy working with them. So, again, in terms of this event, you know, we're seeing a good crowd, 2,500 I think, or close to it, fantastic. So, you know, looking ahead, so, you know, we're here next year, let's say we're sitting here on theCUBE. What can we expect to see? What is it kind of on your roadmap, on your priority list in the next six, 12 months? So, the first thing foremost is we want to make sure that Hadoop, like I said, has to be enterprise ready. It has to be stable and reliable. So we're spending a whole lot of time adding a lot of the enterprise features like Eche and so on. We've also invested a whole lot of time in, you know, in the future of Hadoop, which is Hadoop too. There's, you spend work on yarn. You can expect, you know, multiple programming interfaces to Hadoop, MPI or graph processing or whatever it is. So, we definitely want, you guys were here last year, I mean, at least in the Hadoop world, right? So you've seen a lot of development in the last, you know, eight months or so. You can definitely expect that to increase. It's exciting that people like Microsoft are there investing, so you can expect that there'll be much more, you know, engineering investment going on into Hadoop itself. And for me, that's the most exciting part. Sitting as, you know, wearing my Apache hat, it's really exciting to see all these people invest in Hadoop and help make Hadoop better and better for everybody. So my question is, what should we ask Eric tomorrow? He's going to be in the queue. He's always shy. What should we ask him tomorrow? Ask him, you know, about me. Okay, we'll do a personal evaluation on you. Okay, how's his code? Have you reviewed his code lately? He's going to say, you know what? You don't document. It's just you're an assembly guy, that's why. Arun, thanks for coming on. Congratulations on all your success. Thanks, Loc. Really proud to watch you guys grow like you have and watch you guys really change and come out as a scrappy startup, really mature, take the high road all the way. It's great to see the good citizenship and on the product side, you guys are now not a far number two. I think you're really right behind Cloudera and I love the approach and we'll see kind of how this shakes out. And, you know, it's pretty clear what you guys want to do and keep us updated. Thanks for coming on theCUBE. Again, thanks for having me on theCUBE. We're from all of us at Hortonworks. It's a pleasure. Hortonworks is putting on the event. Soon this event's going to be so big they'll have to get rid of it like Cloudera got rid of Hadoop World. Obviously a sell out, the demand is strong. The Apache community is so on fire right now. HBase, HDFS, MapReduce, MapReduce II. Great innovations and all that's going to be empowered in with big mainstream applications. We're expecting big ecosystem growth. Arun, thank you for coming on theCUBE. We're right back with our next guest after this short break.